Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
Complete Cases Chart - Supreme Court of Canada - On the Identity ...
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Case Name (<strong>Court</strong>)<br />
(Judge)<br />
Location/Method <strong>of</strong> Search Relevant Statutes Issues/Holdings<br />
- (1) whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> search violates s. 8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>C<strong>Chart</strong>er? - Y/N<br />
- (2) whe<strong>the</strong>r to exclude evidence by s. 24(2)? – Y/N<br />
Reasoning<br />
- (1) relevant to s.8 + CASES (Kokesch, Plant, Hunter, Tessling, Edwards)<br />
- (2) relevant to 24(2) + CASES (Collins)<br />
(con).<br />
Personal Info –<br />
Fingerprinting<br />
R. v. Dyment<br />
[1988] 2 S.C.R. 417,<br />
Lamer J. with<br />
Beetz,and Wilson JJ<br />
(con); La Forest J.<br />
and Dickson C.J.<br />
(con); McIntyre J.<br />
(dis); Le Dain took<br />
no part.<br />
- A doctor took blood from a<br />
car accident patient without<br />
consent <strong>the</strong>n gave it to police<br />
who had no idea suspect was<br />
drinking / doing drugs.<br />
- Suspect charged with DUI.<br />
- <strong>Chart</strong>er, ss. 7, 8, 24(2). - (1) Does <strong>the</strong> accused have a reasonable<br />
expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy in <strong>the</strong> blood taken by<br />
<strong>the</strong> doctor?<br />
• YES<br />
- (1) The police’s taking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> blood constituted a search and as <strong>the</strong>y lacked judicial<br />
authorization it was unreasonable and violated s.8.<br />
- Ref. to Hunter (warrantless searches are presumed to be unreasonable).<br />
- Ref. to Collins (used to determine that evidence should be excluded).<br />
Personal Info –<br />
Blood Sample<br />
R. v. Simmons<br />
[1988] 2 S.C.R. 495<br />
Dickson C.J. with<br />
Beetz, Lamer and La<br />
Forest JJ (con); Wilson<br />
J. (con); McIntyre and<br />
L'Heureux-Dubé JJ.<br />
(dis).<br />
<strong>Identity</strong>/search <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
person (body search)<br />
Hunter v. Southam<br />
Inc<br />
[1984] 2 S.C.R. 145<br />
Dickson J. with<br />
- The appellant was arrested at<br />
customs for smuggling drugs<br />
that she was carrying on her<br />
body.<br />
- The appellant was taken into<br />
a search room and shown a<br />
sign on <strong>the</strong> wall which set out<br />
ss. 143 and 144 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Customs Act., which provide<br />
authority for conducting<br />
personal searches.<br />
- The appellant undressed and<br />
removed some <strong>of</strong> her clo<strong>the</strong>s,<br />
revealing white adhesive<br />
bandages around her midriff.<br />
- Concealed in <strong>the</strong> bandages<br />
were plastic bags with<br />
cannabis resin.<br />
• Pursuant to s. 10(1) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Combines Investigation Act<br />
(CIA), combines inspectors<br />
raided <strong>the</strong> Southam <strong>of</strong>fices<br />
in Edmonton.<br />
- <strong>Chart</strong>er, ss. 1, 8, 10(b),<br />
24(2);<br />
- Constitution Act, 1982,<br />
s. 52;<br />
- Criminal Code, s.<br />
618(2)(a) [rep. and subs.<br />
1974-75-76, c. 105, s.<br />
18(2)];<br />
- Customs Act, ss. 143,<br />
144, 203.<br />
- <strong>Chart</strong>er, ss 8, 24(2);<br />
- Combines Investigation<br />
Act, s.10(1) and 10(3).<br />
- (1) Did <strong>the</strong>se searches violate s. 8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Chart</strong>er?<br />
• NO<br />
- (2) should <strong>the</strong> evidence be excluded?<br />
• NO<br />
- (1) Do ss. 10(1) and 10(3) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CIA violate<br />
s.8 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Chart</strong>er?<br />
• YES<br />
- (1) People have a lower expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy when crossing <strong>the</strong> border,<br />
- Sovereign states have <strong>the</strong> right to control who and what enters <strong>the</strong>ir boundaries.<br />
- Customs <strong>of</strong>ficers had reasonable grounds for suspecting that <strong>the</strong> appellant had<br />
contraband hidden about her body.<br />
- However, in this case <strong>the</strong> search was not conducted in a reasonable manner because<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> denial <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> right to counsel and <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> any explanation to <strong>the</strong><br />
appellant <strong>of</strong> her rights under <strong>the</strong> Customs Act.<br />
- Pointing to a sign on <strong>the</strong> wall is not sufficient.<br />
- There was no evidence that <strong>the</strong> appellant read <strong>the</strong> provisions or understood <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
- (2) Admitting <strong>the</strong> evidence would not have brought <strong>the</strong> administration <strong>of</strong> justice<br />
into disrepute.<br />
- The customs <strong>of</strong>ficers acted in good faith in exercising <strong>the</strong> statutory requirements<br />
existing at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> search.<br />
- Ref. to Hunter (s. 8 purpose and Customs Act not meeting Hunter standard<br />
because reasonable expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy is lower at airports)<br />
- (1) S. 8 entitles <strong>the</strong> individual to a reasonable expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy.<br />
• This reasonable expectation <strong>of</strong> privacy requires that a judge or o<strong>the</strong>r neutral<br />
individual balance <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> accused and <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> society (judicial<br />
authorization).<br />
• A justifiable search also requires reasonable and probable grounds as a minimum<br />
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