Niche Markets for Economic Revitalisation of Satoyama Forest ...

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Standard Law Enforcement Order. Wondering if there was some way to make effective use of cedar trees thinnings that were simply rotting away, Mr. Deguchi came up with this method after numerous trials. It can be said that forest thinnings were the starting point for this invention. 22. Refer to the web site of Deguchi Construction at for details. Compared to the double scaling factor in shear wall strength achieved by placing 45 mm x 90 mm struts as indicated in the Building Standard Law, this production method has been recognised to achieve a scaling factor of 2.37 times and therefore has higher earthquake resistance compared to standard wall construction methods. 23. Refer to the Japan Log House Association Website at for details. 24. The current cost for a residential construction with average scale and specifications using the wood block construction method is 400,000 to 500,000 yen per tsubo (roughly 3.3 square meters). This is roughly equivalent to conventional construction costs, but if costs associated with transportation, drying, and processing of forest thinnings can be reduced, it is highly likely that wood block construction will become less expensive. 25. Firewood, which is the most simple and traditional wood based fuel, does not require production or processing equipment. However as it requires significant labor to fell, cut, and transport and takes up space during transport, its costs are quite high. Currently, in Ishikawa Prefecture, purchasing broad–leaved firewood suitable for wood stoves from a dealer costs 40,000 to 50,000 yen per ton, including transport—about twice as much as kerosene. In recent years, in the backdrop of increased interest in the so–called “slow life” movement together with sudden hikes in crude oil prices, there has been a renewed interest in firewood stoves. While users are increasing, the popularisation of wood stoves is likely impeded by high cost stoves, firewood and limited firewood supply. Enhanced supply and better use of forest thinnings could help expand satoyama sources firewood for modern heating stoves. 26. Refer to for details. 27. Solid wood fuel formed in cylinder shapes of roughly 15 mm from sawdust, etc. 28. See HM Treasury, 2006; IPCC, 2007; and IGES, 2006. 29. J. Dales. Pollution, Property and Prices (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1968). 30. Mark Jaccard, Sustainable Fossil Fuels: The Unusual Suspect in the Quest for Clean Energy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005). 31. See World Bank, State and Trends of the Carbon Market, 2007. 32. The amount of carbon emissions is only 25 per cent that of steel frame and concrete, and the amount of carbon storage is approximately 4 times that of steel frame and concrete. 33. Also, according to the building standards law, in fire prevention districts where fireproof construction is required, there are cases where wood block can not be used as is as there are restrictions on the material and structure of external walls. 34. Japan has several climate change related vulnerabilities, according to Stern (2006). Climate change will exacerbate Japan’s existing vulnerability to typhoons and coastal storms. Tokyo which extends over a flat coastal plain will be vulnerable both to typhoons and rising sea levels. Higher temperatures will make rice more difficult to grow in the south. Fish are vulnerable to rising ocean temperatures and increased acidity. Major cities will be increasingly affected by the urban heat island effect and rising temperatures will make a fast ageing population more vulnerable both to heat and the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. 35. As summarised by HM Treasury (2006). 36. Satoyama conservation activities with Prefectural citizen participation to protect rare plants and animals through weeding, thinning, and making paths in mixed tree thickets. This is being performed several times a year at the Yuhidera Natural Park in Kanazawa city. 37. As one of the regional contribution projects performed by Kanazawa University, in addition to the education and research activities utilising the satoyama of the Kakuma campus, they are undertaking various activities such as education and exchange activities for citizens and development of satoyama educational programs. Refer to < http://www.Satoyama-ac.com/> for details. 38. An agreement between satoyama land owners and satoyama activities groups and recognised by the Prefecture and which establishes a system of support through subsidies. For details, refer to . 39. “Project Team for Promoting Utilisation of Wood Material supplied within Ishikawa Prefecture” composed of the related Departments and Divisions has been established in Ishikawa Prefecture to promote the use of forest thinnings by public–works projects such as the construction of public buildings and other public works. 40. Details can also be reviewed at . 41. In recent years, local wood is being integrated into the construction in schools, daycare centers, and preschools. Prefecture based materials were used for most of the interior of the Bujyo Elementary School located in Hakusan City, for example, which was completed in 2006. Such practices enable children to come in contact with woody materials from an early age. 42. For homes that have a floor area of at least 80 square meters and where at least either 50 or 75 per cent of the materials used are produced within the prefecture, aid (decided by drawing lots) is 200,000 yen for each house. Refer to for details. 43. Japan has the second largest solar PV market in the world, supported by the Subsidy Programme for Residential PV Systems, 1994–2002. Although the subsidy is being phased out, PV still has opportunities in Japan due to the high electricity prices in the country. 44. Also, electricity generated by solar PV generation is to be recognised as twice its value for the period between fiscal 2011 and 2014, because of the relatively high costs of PV, especially compared to wind. PV generating 1 kilowatt will be counted as 2 kilowatts to encourage power suppliers to purchase more electricity from solar PV generation. 45. Refer to for details. 46. Calculation methods in Japan for the volume of carbon 27
emovals of forests are under development based on the IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land–Use Change and Forestry formulated in 2003. The preliminary estimation is based on the numerical targets for 2010 in the Basic Plan on Forest and Forestry, calculated by subtracting the losses by felling and land–use conversion from the amount of total annual increment of forests assumed as subject to activities under Article 3 paragraph 3 and 4 of the Kyoto Protocol, and then multiplying this by the coefficient and converting this to the amount of carbon dioxide. 47. See for example ICRAF Working Paper no. 32, 2007; Scherr and McNeely, 2003; and ASB–Partnership for Tropical Margins, Available at . 48. There are a lot of foreign areas in Indonesia (Java), the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries similar to satoyama landscape. 28
Page 1 and 2: Niche Markets for Economic Revitali
Page 3 and 4: IICRC Report Niche Markets for Econ
Page 5 and 6: CONCLUSION 25 ENDNOTES 26 REFERENCE
Page 7 and 8: Foreword Satoyama has always provid
Page 9 and 10: The first refers to the current and
Page 11 and 12: a) Working Definition Working Defin
Page 13 and 14: 1 EMERGING NICHE MARKETS FOR SATOYA
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Commercialisation of Wood Block
Page 17 and 18: • Realising stable power generati
Page 19 and 20: In Japan, the priorities have been
Page 21 and 22: 2.3 Challenges Relating to Carbon M
Page 23 and 24: nature, satoyama should be accorded
Page 25 and 26: the public (Forestry Agency edition
Page 27 and 28: Figure 11: Price by Year Comparison
Page 29 and 30: such technological innovation in th
Page 31: ENDNOTES 1. In recent years, the im
Page 35 and 36: Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministr

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