Inoculum 56(4) - Mycological Society of America
Inoculum 56(4) - Mycological Society of America
Inoculum 56(4) - Mycological Society of America
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MSA ABSTRACTS<br />
members <strong>of</strong> Fomitopsis (F. pinicola, F. palustris, F. feei. Piptoporus cretaceus,<br />
P. portentosus, P. <strong>of</strong>ficinalis and P. elatinus) formed one major Piptoporus group,<br />
which was positioned paraphyletically to Antrodia spp. including A. albida (the<br />
type species <strong>of</strong> Antrodia). Piptoporus soloniensis was clustered with A. serialis<br />
and A. variiformis at the basal position <strong>of</strong> Fomitopsis group composed <strong>of</strong> F.<br />
africana, F. dochmia and F. spraguei. Buglossoporus pulvinus with the synonyms<br />
<strong>of</strong> P. paradoxus and P. quercinus was clustered with F. africana <strong>of</strong> Fomitopsis<br />
group. Piptoporus australiensis formed one group with Spongipellis spumeus and<br />
A. sitchensis. Piptoporus pseudobetulinus and P. betulinus have similar microscopic<br />
morphologies but phylogenetic positions <strong>of</strong> two species were different,<br />
showing that rot type could be an important character to discriminate between<br />
morphologically confused species. Although more taxonomic and phylogenetic<br />
studies with additional related species need to be achieved, our phylogenetic results<br />
apparently indicated that Piptoporus was composed <strong>of</strong> artificial taxa and certain<br />
species need to be newly transferred into several different genera like Antrodia,<br />
Fomitopsis, Polyporus and Datronia. poster<br />
Parrent, Jeri L.*, Mao, Alison and Vilgalys, Rytas J. 139 Biological Sciences<br />
Bldg. Dept. <strong>of</strong> Biology. Duke University. Durham, NC 27708, USA.<br />
jlp13@duke.edu. Guess who’s coming to dinner? Actively foraging mycorrhizal<br />
fungi and their contribution to soil carbon storage.<br />
Although our understanding <strong>of</strong> ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities<br />
is greatly enhanced by the wealth <strong>of</strong> root tip and fruiting body surveys, knowledge<br />
regarding contributions <strong>of</strong> particular EMF species to host nutrient acquisition and<br />
hyphal biomass in soil remains limited. In this study, we used an ingrowth core<br />
approach designed to exclude roots and saprophytes to sample actively foraging<br />
EMF hyphae and ask: 1) Is community structure surveyed using this method congruent<br />
with that sampled from colonized root tips; 2) Is EMF biomass in soil<br />
greater in plots enriched in CO 2 ? To address these questions, cores were buried in<br />
control and elevated CO2 plots at the FACTS-I research site, Duke Forest, NC.<br />
Clone libraries were constructed and ITS and LSU sequences were generated. Ergosterol<br />
was measured to estimate EMF hyphal biomass in cores and soil. This<br />
method successfully selected against saprophytes; only 5% <strong>of</strong> samples were nonmycorrhizal.<br />
Community composition overlapped between root tip and core samples,<br />
but several species abundant in cores were rarely encountered as mycorrhizas,<br />
suggesting incongruence between colonization and foraging abilities <strong>of</strong><br />
certain species. Ergosterol content highlights the dominance <strong>of</strong> fungi in the soil<br />
microbial community, and the importance <strong>of</strong> considering EMF hyphal biomass<br />
when examining C dynamics and storage associated with increased CO 2 . contributed<br />
presentation<br />
Peay, Kabir G. 1 *, Beneman, Chris 2 and Kennedy, Peter G. 2 1 Division <strong>of</strong> Ecosystem<br />
Sciences, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, 2 Dept. <strong>of</strong> Integrative Biology, UC<br />
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. kpeay@nature.berkeley.edu. The role <strong>of</strong> ectomycorrhizal<br />
fungi in mediating drought stress during the early establishment <strong>of</strong><br />
Pinus muricata.<br />
In the classic view <strong>of</strong> the mycorrhizal symbiosis plants provide photosynthetically<br />
derived sugars to the fungi in exchange for nutrients such as nitrogen or<br />
phosphorous. However, in coastal California, Pinus muricata (Bishop Pine) regenerates<br />
in a post-fire setting where nutrients are not limiting. In this setting,<br />
water may be the most important limiting resource as plants experience significant<br />
water deficit during summer establishment. In this study, we tested the ability<br />
<strong>of</strong> ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi to protect seedlings <strong>of</strong> P. muricata from experimentally<br />
induced drought. We use a fully factorial design including four EM<br />
species Rhizopogon occidentalis, R. salebrosus, R. evadens, and Tomentella<br />
sublilacina) and two drought treatments. We measured seedling photosynthetic<br />
rates, water use efficiency, above and below ground biomass, 13C stable isotope<br />
composition and % EM colonization. These measures are related to the ability <strong>of</strong><br />
ectomycorrhizae to confer droughtavoidance or tolerance on their host. contributed<br />
presentation<br />
Pennanen, Taina* and Korkama, Tiina. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa<br />
Research Centre, P.O.B. 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland.<br />
taina.pennanen@metla.fi. Structure <strong>of</strong> ectomycorrhizal communities and development<br />
<strong>of</strong> Norway spruce seedlings.<br />
The impact <strong>of</strong> tree genotype on the susceptibility to diseases is well established<br />
in plant pathology. However, it is unclear if formation ectomycorrhizal<br />
(ECM) symbiosis is dependent on a host tree genetic background. We utilized a<br />
clonal Norway spruce (Picea abies) trial planted on the clear-cut spruce forest site<br />
to investigate how the genetic variation <strong>of</strong> a host tree influences the ECM species<br />
composition and soil microbial communities. Eight healthy spruce clones were<br />
selected to represent various growth performances since outplanting in 1994. We<br />
found that structures <strong>of</strong> the ECM communities were different in slowly and fast<br />
growing spruce clones. Further, Shannon diversity index correlated positively to<br />
the growth <strong>of</strong> the trees, which was rather due to the greater evenness <strong>of</strong> the ECM<br />
communities in the fast growing clones than differences in ECM richness. In a<br />
same way, PLFA analysis indicated differences in humus microbial community<br />
structure between fast and slowly growing spruce clone plots. Our results imply<br />
that genetic variation <strong>of</strong> host tree may have a role in generating patchiness <strong>of</strong> microbial<br />
communities in boreal forest soils typically dominated by a single tree<br />
48 <strong>Inoculum</strong> <strong>56</strong>(4), August 2005<br />
species but thousands <strong>of</strong> ECM species. A selection <strong>of</strong> ECM isolates found to be<br />
common in well growing spruces is utilized in studying the early development <strong>of</strong><br />
the spruce seedlings. symposium presentation<br />
Perry, Brian A.*, Hansen, Karen and Pfister, Donald H. Department <strong>of</strong> Organismic<br />
and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138,<br />
USA. bperry@oeb.harvard.edu. Phylogenetic relationships in the Pyronemataceae<br />
(Ascomycota, Pezizales).<br />
Of the families <strong>of</strong> the Pezizales, the Pyronemataceae (including Otideaceae)<br />
remains the least well studied or characterized. The family has been considered a<br />
default family for pezizalean taxa with uninucleate spores and iodine negative<br />
asci, which lack distinguishing anatomical characters by which they can be assigned<br />
to other families. Standard treatments <strong>of</strong> the Pyronemataceae include taxa<br />
with a wide diversity <strong>of</strong> both morphological features and nutritional modes. Recent<br />
molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that the Pyronemataceae is part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
lineage composed <strong>of</strong> the Sarcosomataceae, Sarcoscyphaceae, Ascodesmidaceae,<br />
and Glaziellaceae. The goal <strong>of</strong> this investigation is to generate a multiple gene<br />
phylogeny <strong>of</strong> the Pyronemataceae and closely related taxa using sequence data<br />
from three unlinked nuclear loci to resolve relationships <strong>of</strong> the family and genera,<br />
and infer evolutionary patterns <strong>of</strong> morphological, cytological and ecological characters.<br />
Results based on nuclear large subunit rDNA and RNA polymerase II sequence<br />
data will be presented and discussed. contributed presentation<br />
Petersen, Ronald H.* and Hughes, Karen W. University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee, Knoxville,<br />
TN 37996-1100, USA. repete@utk.edu. The Pacific and its rim: crossroads <strong>of</strong><br />
mushroom distributions.<br />
Early identification <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungi from Pacific Ocean landmasses came<br />
from the capitals <strong>of</strong> Europe (i.e. the British Empire, French Indochina, Dutch East<br />
Indies, etc.). After the age <strong>of</strong> empires, national mycology began, but mushroom<br />
taxonomy has been subjugated to applied mycology (i.e. plant pathology, commercialization<br />
<strong>of</strong> edibles, etc.). Nonetheless, some patterns <strong>of</strong> macr<strong>of</strong>ungal distributions<br />
have been elucidated, namely Gondwanaland, pantropical, east Asia/eastern<br />
North <strong>America</strong> and the like. To these can be added the following: pantropical<br />
(Pleurotus djamor and its variations), eastern North <strong>America</strong>/ tropical Pacific<br />
landmasses (Gloeocantharellus, Ramaria zipellii, Sarcodon atroviride), north Pacific<br />
rim (Flammulina rossica), endemic northeast Asia (Pleurotus citrinopileatus,<br />
Oudemansiella brunneomarginata, Pleurotus abieticola), Gondwanaland<br />
(Conchomyces bursaeformis, Flammulina with stratified pileus context) and endemic<br />
South Pacific (spiny-spored Clavaria species). Mushrooms with unexplained<br />
distributions include Pleurotopsis longinqua, Chilean Flammulina velutipes,<br />
and the apparent California halophiles Flammulina velutipes var. lupinicola<br />
and darkly pileate Pleurotus ostreatus. Thus, the Pacific Ocean landmasses and<br />
the Pacific Ocean rim include a myriad <strong>of</strong> econiches, climates, altitudes and island<br />
biogeographies, and support a macr<strong>of</strong>ungal mycota just as varied. symposium<br />
presentation<br />
Peterson, Stephen W. 1 *, Vega, Fernando E. 2 , Posada, Francisco 2 and Nagai, Chifumi<br />
3 . 1 USDA, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, 2 IBL, USDA,<br />
Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, 3 HARC, Aiea, HI 96701, USA.<br />
peterssw@ncaur.usda.gov. Penicillium c<strong>of</strong>feae, a new endophytic species isolated<br />
from a c<strong>of</strong>fee plant and its phylogenetic relationship to P. fellutanum,<br />
P. thiersii and P. brocae based on parsimony analysis <strong>of</strong> multilocus DNAs.<br />
Penicillium c<strong>of</strong>feae is described as a novel endophyte isolated from a C<strong>of</strong>fea<br />
arabica L. plant in Hawai`i. The species is slow growing with short, vesiculate,<br />
monoverticillate conidiophores. Phylogenetic analysis using three loci shows<br />
that P. c<strong>of</strong>feae forms a strongly supported clade with P. fellutanum, P. charlesii,<br />
P. chermesinum, P. indicum, P. phoeniceum and P. brocae. Phenotypically these<br />
species are quite similar but can be distinguished. The EF-1alpha; gene from P.<br />
fellutanum, P. charlesii, P. chermesinum and P. indicum lack introns, P. c<strong>of</strong>feae<br />
and P. phoeniceum have a previously unknown intron at codon 20 and P. brocae<br />
and P. thiersii isolates have a single intron at codon 26. The most parsimonious<br />
interpretation <strong>of</strong> intron changes on the strongly supported phylogenetic tree requires<br />
the gain <strong>of</strong> a novel intron at position 20 and loss <strong>of</strong> intron 26 to arrive at the<br />
current distribution <strong>of</strong> introns in this gene. This is one <strong>of</strong> only a few examples <strong>of</strong><br />
intron gain in genes. poster<br />
Pfaff, Bridget L. 1,2 * and Volk, Thomas J. 2 1 University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin La Crosse<br />
and 2 Gundersen Lutheran Healthcare, 1900 South Avenue (C03-004), La Crosse,<br />
WI 54601, USA. blpfaff@gundluth.org. Water, water everywhere: preliminary<br />
studies in medical document recovery following water infiltration.<br />
It is important to prevent damage by fungal growth on paper since paper<br />
medical records must be saved for a minimum <strong>of</strong> ten years in most states. Documents<br />
are <strong>of</strong>ten stored in basements and other areas prone to water and fungal<br />
damage due to space limitations. Water intrusion is commonly caused by clean<br />
water from sprinkler-heads and plumbing fixtures, and dirty water from sewer<br />
back-ups and river flooding, followed by varying degrees <strong>of</strong> mold growth. The<br />
need for practical document recovery is pertinent not just in health-care facilities,<br />
but in libraries and government agencies as well. Current recommendations for<br />
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