Report to the Republic of Palau: 2008 update on Invasive Plant ...

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Table D. Summary <strong>of</strong> major invasive species present in <strong>Palau</strong> with recommendations for <strong>the</strong>ir management Scientific Name Common Names (abridged) Family Comments and recommendations *† * *† Cleome viscosa tickweed, spider flower Capparaceae Eliminate at <strong>the</strong> locations where found. Clerodendrum quadriloculare kleuang, bronze-leaved clerodendrum Lamiaceae Clidemia hirta kúi, Koster’s curse Melas<strong>to</strong>mataceae Discourage planting and dumping <strong>of</strong> cuttings; assist landowners in control; control outside <strong>of</strong> cultivation; evaluate for possible eradication on Peleliu and Angaur. Check status <strong>of</strong> previously introduced biocontrol agents. Map distribution <strong>of</strong> main infestation, especially downstream. Evaluate extent and <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> additional biological controls; follow recommendations in 2006 biological evaluation. . Costus woodsonii indian-head ginger, red cane Costaceae Discourage fur<strong>the</strong>r planting; eradicate if <strong>of</strong> limited extent. *† Crotalaria retusa devil-bean, rattlepod Fabaceae Eradicate from Peleliu (planted specimens); search for source <strong>of</strong> seed and eradicate if feasible. *† Cyperus involucratus deus, umbrella sedge Cyperaceae Discourage fur<strong>the</strong>r planting; eradicate if <strong>of</strong> limited extent. *† Datura metel jimson weed Solanaceae Eradicate this species from Ngercheu (Carp) Island; eliminate o<strong>the</strong>r examples if and when found. Dieffenbachia seguine spotted dieffenbachia, dumb cane Araceae Dissotis rotundifolia dissotis, pink lady Melas<strong>to</strong>mataceae Eichhornia crassipes bung el ralm, water hyacinth Pontederiaceae Eradicate if <strong>of</strong> limited extent. Elaeocarpus angustifolius blue fig, blue marble tree Elaeocarpaceae Epipremnum pinnatum ‘Aureum’ Discourage planting and dumping <strong>of</strong> cuttings; control outside <strong>of</strong> cultivation, particularly in moist areas. Discourage planting and dumping <strong>of</strong> garden waste; control escaped populations as needed. Try <strong>to</strong> locate; evaluate for invasiveness or eradicate if found and <strong>of</strong> limited extent. pothos, money plant Araceae Control outside <strong>of</strong> cultivation, especially when growing in forested areas. Episcia reptans flame violet Gesneriaceae Request or conduct a risk assessment <strong>to</strong> determine fur<strong>the</strong>r management action. Erechtites hieraciifolius fireweed Asteraceae Determine extent <strong>of</strong> infestation; evaluate for eradication. † Eugenia uniflora Surinam cherry Myrtaceae Eradicate Falcataria moluccana ukall ra ngebard, Moluccca albizia Fabaceae Map current distribution; evaluate reproduction and spread (request technical assistance as needed); discourage fur<strong>the</strong>r planting; control in sensitive and natural areas as needed Flemingia macrophylla no common name Fabaceae Discontinue planting, control outside <strong>of</strong> cultivation; eradicate if possible. Gmelina elliptica kalngebard ra belau Lamiaceae Do not introduce <strong>to</strong> new islands. * Hamelia patens firebush, redhead, scarletbush Rubiaceae Discourage fur<strong>the</strong>r planting; evaluate for eradication. Hedychium coronarium white ginger Zingiberaceae Control outside <strong>of</strong> cultivation. Hemigraphis alternata metal leaf, red ivy Acanthaceae Control outside <strong>of</strong> cultivation. 38
Table D. Summary <strong>of</strong> major invasive species present in <strong>Palau</strong> with recommendations for <strong>the</strong>ir management Scientific Name Common Names (abridged) Family Comments and recommendations Hevea brasiliensis Brazilian rubber tree, Para rubber tree Euphorbiaceae Try <strong>to</strong> locate; evaluate for invasiveness or eradicate if <strong>of</strong> limited extent. Hyptis capitata knobweed Verbenaceae Exclude from islands where it does not occur and promptly eradicate if found on new islands. * Hyptis pectinata mint weed Verbenaceae Evaluate extent and eradicate if possible. * Imperata cylindrica kasoring, blady grass, cogon grass Poaceae Continue eradication program; survey periodically for additional sites. *† *† Inga edulis ice cream bean Fabaceae Moni<strong>to</strong>r for reproduction and additional specimens. Ipomoea hederifolia ivy-leaf morning glory, star ipomoea Convolvulaceae Moni<strong>to</strong>r for additional infestations, eradicate if found. † Ipomoea quamoclit asangao, star <strong>of</strong> Bethlehem, Cupid’s flower, cypress vine Lantana camara lantana Verbenaceae Convolvulaceae Eradicate if <strong>of</strong> limited extent. Livis<strong>to</strong>nia chinensis Chinese fan palm, fountain palm Arecaceae Map and moni<strong>to</strong>r for spread. Melaleuca quinquenervia cajeput, paper bark tree Myrtaceae Melampodium divaricatum blackfoot, golden but<strong>to</strong>n Asteraceae Check status <strong>of</strong> previously introduced biocontrol agents, reintroduce or introduce new ones as appropriate; moni<strong>to</strong>r for spread <strong>to</strong> Rock Islands and destroy any plants found <strong>the</strong>re. Survey for extent and reproduction; consider control measures <strong>to</strong> limit spread, particularly in moist areas. Evaluate potential for naturalization and spread (conduct or request a risk assessment). Evaluate for eradication if <strong>of</strong> high risk. *† Melia azedarach Chinaberry, pride-<strong>of</strong>-India, Indian lilac Meliaceae Trace source(s) <strong>of</strong> distribution, discourage fur<strong>the</strong>r planting, eradicate existing specimens. *† Melinis minutiflora molasses grass Poaceae Merremia hederacea ivy woodrose Convolvulaceae Eradicate infestation in Koror. Merremia peltata kebeas, merremia Convolvulaceae * Mikania micrantha teb el yas, mile-a-minute weed Asteraceae Mimosa diplotricha mechiuaiuu, giant sensitive plant Fabaceae Mimosa pudica mechiuaiuu, sensitive plant Fabaceae Murraya paniculata orange jessamine, satin-wood, Chinese box Rutaceae Map extent <strong>of</strong> infestation(s), especially along roadsides and evaluate for fur<strong>the</strong>r action; at a minimum, moni<strong>to</strong>r for spread, especially if burned; limit burning. Exclude from islands where not present; provide advice <strong>to</strong> landowners on control. Evaluate eradication program <strong>to</strong> determine feasibility <strong>of</strong> continuing or <strong>of</strong> alternative actions. Check status <strong>of</strong> previously introduced biocontrol agents, reintroduce or introduce new ones as appropriate; exclude from islands where not present; eradicate on islands with small populations; promptly eradicate if found on new islands. Exclude from Peleliu and o<strong>the</strong>r islands where not present, eradicate promptly if found on <strong>the</strong>se islands. Reduce <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> plants <strong>to</strong> prevent spread <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> citrus psyllid if it should be introduced. Panicum maximum Guinea grass Poaceae Determine distribution; limit burning. Pennisetum polystachion desum, mission grass Poaceae Work <strong>to</strong> decrease burning and o<strong>the</strong>r disturbance. 39
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Scientific Name Hawai'i Guam Yap Pa
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Appendix 8. Risk assessments for in
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Synonym Listed as Family Gomphrena
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Fosberg, F. R., and M.-H. Sachet. 1
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