Report to the Republic of Palau: 2008 update on Invasive Plant ...

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Table A. Priority species for exclusion from <strong>Palau</strong> Scientific Name Common Names (abridged) Family Invasive in: Cordia alliodora Ecuador laurel, salmwood Boraginaceae Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu Cryp<strong>to</strong>stegia grandiflora rubber vine, India rubber vine Asclepiadaceae Australia (Queensland) Eugenia uniflora Surinam cherry Myrtaceae Cook Islands Funtumia elastica African rubber tree Apocynaceae Samoa Hiptage benghalensis hiptage Malpighiaceae Hawai‘i, La Réunion, Mauritius, Australia (Queensland) Indig<strong>of</strong>era suffruticosa indigo Fabaceae Tonga and elsewhere Macfadyena unguiscati cat’s-claw climber Bignoniaceae Hawai‘i, Niue, New Caledonia Maesopsis eminii umbrella tree, musizi Rhamnaceae Fiji Merremia tuberosa wood rose Convolvulaceae Hawai‘i, Niue Miconia calvescens miconia, velvetleaf, purple plague, bush currant Melas<strong>to</strong>mataceae French Polynesia, Hawai‘i Mucuna pruriens cow itch, velvet bean Fabaceae Saipan Odon<strong>to</strong>nema tubaeforme Passiflora tarminiana Passiflora spp. fire spike, cardinal flower banana poka, banana passionfruit, bananadilla all o<strong>the</strong>r Passifloraceae not already present Acanthaceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae American Samoa, Samoa; Hawai‘i (Odon<strong>to</strong>nema cuspidatum) Hawai‘i Phyllostachys spp. running bamboos Poaceae Hawai‘i (P. nigra), Cook Islands (P. bissetii) Pimenta dioica pimen<strong>to</strong>, allspice Myrtaceae Hawai‘i, Tonga Pimenta racemosa bay tree Myrtaceae Cook Islands Piper aduncum spiked pepper Piperaceae Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Indonesia, Malaysia Piper auritum eared pepper, false kava Piperaceae Hawai‘i, Pohnpei, Tonga Rubus spp. raspberries, blackberries, brambles Rosaceae Hawai‘i, French Polynesia, etc. Schinus terebinthifolius Christmas-berry, Brazilian pepper Anacardiaceae USA (Hawai‘i, Florida) Setaria palmifolia palmgrass, short pitpit Poaceae Hawai‘i, French Polynesia (Tahiti), Samoa Solanum capsicoides cockroach berry, devil’s apple, soda apple Solanaceae Hawai‘i, Samoa, Tonga Solanum mauritianum bugweed, wild <strong>to</strong>bacco, tree <strong>to</strong>bacco Solanaceae Hawai‘i, Tonga Tibouchina herbacea glorybush, cane ti, tibouchina Melas<strong>to</strong>mataceae Hawai‘i Tribulus cis<strong>to</strong>ides puncture vine Zygophyllaceae Hawai‘i All grasses all o<strong>the</strong>r grass species not already present Poaceae pan-tropical All melas<strong>to</strong>mes all o<strong>the</strong>r non-native melas<strong>to</strong>mes Melas<strong>to</strong>mataceae Hawai‘i, etc. Note: Appendix 2, Table 1 is a complete list <strong>of</strong> invasive and potentially invasive species <strong>of</strong> environmental concern not yet present in <strong>Palau</strong>. Appendix 2, Table 2 contains a list <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r invasive species not reported <strong>to</strong> be present in <strong>Palau</strong>. 32
• Extraordinary measures need <strong>to</strong> be employed against Miconia calvescens because its effect on <strong>Palau</strong>’s ecosystems would be devastating if introduced. There should be strict quarantine inspection for people who might have been in <strong>the</strong> woods or rural areas in Hawai‘i (specifically <strong>the</strong> islands <strong>of</strong> Maui and Hawai‘i) or French Polynesia (particularly <strong>the</strong> islands <strong>of</strong> Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea and Taha‘a) and equipment from those locations. Any infestations picked up from public reporting or scouting should be promptly eradicated before <strong>the</strong> plants set seed. • Be very cautious in introducing new grasses, as many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m are aggressive invaders and many species can greatly increase <strong>the</strong> incidence and size <strong>of</strong> fires, particularly along roadsides. Also, grass seed is invariably contaminated with o<strong>the</strong>r, possibly invasive, grasses or weeds. • The species listed in Table B, seen or reported <strong>to</strong> be only in cultivation, should be closely moni<strong>to</strong>red for spread or, better yet, eradicated if <strong>the</strong>re are only a few examples, as <strong>the</strong>y are well-documented invasives elsewhere. They may behave similarly in <strong>Palau</strong> if <strong>the</strong>y escape cultivation. Table B. Cultivated species <strong>of</strong> possible threat <strong>to</strong> <strong>Palau</strong> Scientific Name Common Names (abridged) Acacia farnesiana Elling<strong>to</strong>n curse, klu Fabaceae Babeldaob Alternan<strong>the</strong>ra ficoidea [=A. tenella] ‘Bettzickiana’ Asparagus densiflorus sanguinarea Amaranthaceae Babeldaob Family Present on: Invasive in: Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu GRIN says “naturalized elsewhere” asparagus fern, sprengeri fern, Koror, Liliaceae Hawai‘i smilax, regal fern Ngerkebesang Barleria lupulina hophead Philippine violet Acanthaceae Babeldaob, Peleliu Mauritius, Timor, Queensland Cala<strong>the</strong>a majestica no common name Marantaceae Koror Calotropis gigantea calotrope, crown flower, madar Ascelepiadaceae Koror, Ngerkebesang, Babeldaob, Peleliu Australia (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terri<strong>to</strong>ry, northwest Western Australia), Timor Calliandra calothyrsus powderpuff, red calliandra Fabaceae Babeldaob Indonesia Calliandra surinamensis pink powder puff Fabaceae Koror Fiji Costus woodsonii indian-head ginger, red cane Costaceae Ngerkebesang Hawai‘i Cinnamomum verum Cyperus involucratus Eichhornia crassipes Elaeocarpus angustifolius ochod ra ngebard, cinnamon tree Lauraceae reported present, not found American Samoa, Cook Islands, Samoa umbrella sedge Cyperaceae Koror Cook Islands, Tonga bung el ralm, water hyacinth blue fig, blue marble tree Pontederiaceae Elaeocarpaceae Episcia reptans flame violet Gesneriaceae Koror, Ngerkebesang, Babeldaob reported present, not found Koror, Ngerkebesang pantropical Samoa Eugenia uniflora Surinam cherry Myrtaceae Koror Cook Islands Flemingia macrophylla Hevea brasiliensis Brazilian rubber tree Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Koror, Babeldaob Cook Islands, Samoa reported present on Koror and Babeldaob but not found Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) 33
Page 1: Report to<
Page 4 and 5: Pulo Ana ..........................
Page 7 and 8: Report to<
Page 9 and 10: of known or potent
Page 11 and 12: Leucas lavandulifolia [voucher 9929
Page 13 and 14: Rock Islands We were especially int
Page 15 and 16: 2. Species that are subjects <stron
Page 17 and 18: Clidemia hirta (kúi, Koster’s cu
Page 19 and 20: Timonius timon (Liberal) is widespr
Page 21 and 22: cultivation but this tree-climbing
Page 23 and 24: introduced to Penr
Page 25 and 26: Australia). Its weed risk assessmen
Page 27 and 28: lathyroides (cow pea, phasey bean),
Page 29 and 30: Cestrum diurnum (day cestrum, day j
Page 31: Piper auritum (eared pepper, also c
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Page 36 and 37: Agriculture invasive species <stron
Page 40 and 41: Table B. Cultivated species <strong
Page 42 and 43: Table C. Critical species that shou
Page 44 and 45: Table D. Summary of</strong
Page 46 and 47: Table D. Summary of</strong
Page 49 and 50: • Adenanthera pa
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Page 57 and 58: Ngatpang State Scientific Name Comm
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Table 2. Other inv
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Table 2. Other inv
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Table 2. Other inv
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Appendix 3. Invasive species presen
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Scientific Name Hawai'i Guam Yap Pa
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Table 1. Invasive species o
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Appendix 5. Other
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Table 1. Other inv
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Table 2. Other inv
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Table 2. Other inv
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Table 3. Other inv
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Table 5. Other inv
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Table 6. Other inv
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Table 8. Other inv
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Appendix 6. Presence of</st
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Table 2. Species of</strong
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Table 1. Other spe
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Table 2. Other spe
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Table 3. Other spe
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Table 3. Other spe
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Table 4. Other spe
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Table 5. Other spe
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Table 6. Other spe
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Table 9. Other spe
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Table 9. Other spe
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Appendix 8. Risk assessments for in
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Synonym Listed as Family Gomphrena
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Fosberg, F. R., and M.-H. Sachet. 1
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Stoddart, D. R. 19
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