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THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES

^.li.^XÜliS^Xt'Skt:!^
Minh^

NEW SYSTEM
GEOGRAPHY:
O F
IN WHICH IS
GIVEN,
A General Account of the Situation and Limits, the
Manners, History, and Const i tu t ion, of the
leveral Kingdoms and States in the known World ;
And a very particular Defcription of their Subdivifions and Dependencies ; their
Cities and Towns, Forts, Sea-ports, Produce, Manufa&ures and Commerce.
By A. F. B U S C H I N G, T>. T>,
Profeflbr of Philofophy in the Univerfity of Gottingen, and Member of the
Learned Society at Duisburg.
Carefully Tranflated from the laft Edition of the German Original.
To the Author's Introductory Difcourfe
are added three Eßays relative to the Subject.
Illuftrated with Thirty-fix Maps, accurately projefled on a new Plan.
INSIX VOLUMES.
V O L U M E the S I X T H.
CONTAINING,
In GERMAN Y,
Part of Brandenburg, Pomerania, the Circles of Upper-Saxony,
SwABiA, Franconia, and the County of Glatz.
LONDON:
Printed for A. Millar in the Strand.
M DCC LXII.

Stack
I *
I
I I bM
CONTENTS
V.6
T O
T H E
Sixth Volume.
The EMPIRE of GERMANY.
^-|-^ HE Uckermark
X New-Mark

1
CONTENTS.
'The Luckenwalde Circle page 200
Brunlwick Lüneburg 201
The Dutchy of Bremen 2 1 2
The Principality of Luneburg-Zelle
237
Grubenhagen
270
Calenberg
286
Hanover Quarter 292
Hamelen dWLaucnau, Quarter 304
Gottingen Quarter 314
The Principality of Wolfenbuttel 329
Wolfenbuttel Diftridt
333
Schening Diftridl 341
The Principality o/Halberftadt 355
The Dutcbies of Schwerin and Guftro,
or the Dutchy of Mecklenburg
171 ii 366
The Dutchy of Holftein, 'with the
Lordßnp of Pinneburg and the
toivn of Altena 392
The Diocefe of Hildeflieim 424
The Dutchy of Saxe-Lauenburg 436
The Archbtjhopric

THE
UCKERMARK.
SECTION I.
jHE Uckermark, to the fouth and weffc terminates on thfe
Middle-Mark and the dutchy of Mecklenburg, from the latter of
which it is principally divided by the Havel ; to the north and
eaft on Pomerania and the New-Mark ; being for the mofl
part feparated from the former by the Welfe and Rando, and from the
latter by the river Oder. Its greatefl extent is about thirteen German miles
in length, and eleven in breadth.
§. 2. This province was anciently called the IJckerland, or fimply the
Ucker, which name it unqueftionably received from the lake and river
IJcker. This lake, which is the largell; in all the eledloral Mark, has its
beginning at the feat of Sucko, and extends for two large German miles in
length, reaching as far as Prenzlo, where the river Ucker iffues from it,
which one German mile below that place, namely at the village of Blindo,
again forms a lake, an 1 after paffing by Pafewalk and Torgelo in Pomerania,
fills into the Great Haff ^X. Uckermimde. The title of the Uckermark was
firfi applied to it towards the latter end of the fifteenth century.
§. 3. The Uckermark except one narrow flip which runs along the
Middlemark, from the frontiers of Mecklenburg towards the river Oder,
confifts of a very good foil, which by means of the labour of its induftrious
inhabitants has been fo improved, that this province is enabled
almod every year to export feveral thoufand lafts of all kinds of grain, and
more particularly fupplies Berlin. The parts adjoining to the rivers have
good meadow grounds, but it is not fo in the others; in the latter therefore
their grafery is fo inconfiderable that great numbers of horfes and black
cattle are bought up by the inhabitants in Pomerania and Poland.
In flieep
however they abound ; and thefe turn to a good account among them. The
Vol. VI. B Uckermark

GERMANY,
[Uckermark.
Uckermark alfo produces a fufiiciency of fruit, hops and honey, together
wirh plenty of good tobacco. In fome parts it labours under a want of
fuel, infomuch that the inhabitants are partly fupplied therewith from
the neighbouring diftridls, but other parts abound in ffne woods of oak
beach and pine.
§. 4. In this Mark are nineteen cities exclufive of caftles and market
towns, and the villages here are computed at three hundred and feventy-five.
It may likewife boart of forty-one flouridiing noble families in it, oi lVcndiJI.\
Franconimiy German, and Saxon defcent, as namely t!ie Lords of Arnim,
Ahlim, Arenßorj, Afcherßeben, Bardeleben, the Berg, Bredo, Brocker, Buch,
Dollen, Duringjl-'ofen, Eickßedt, Falkenberg, Frchnhofcr, Glodcn, Greiffetiberg,
Hacken, Hagen, Hoppe, Holzendorf, Ketelkucka, Khitzo, Linger and
Luck ; together with the Counts of Muncho, the Lords of Neckcrn, Oertz,
Ratbeno, Raven and Rehdern ; the Counts of Schlippenbach, the Iinperial
Counts of Schwerin the Lords of Sido, the Imperial Counts of Sparr, and
the Lords of Stephani, Stctz, Stidpnagel, Verzcnobre, Wedel, Weyber, and
Winterjeld. Ofthefe families fome arc pofl'effed of the privilege ot burgrave
and caftellany, as namely the Lords of Arnim, who hold thefe privileges
by virtue oi Boyizenbiug ; Fredenwalde, Gerpivalde audZicho; the Lords
of Buch, by virtue of Siolfie ; the Lords of Holzendcrf, by virtue of jago;
the Imperial Counts of Scbiuerin, by virtue of Wolfß^agen ; and thole of
Sparr by virtue of Greiffenberg. The NoblefTe of the Uckermark are proprietors
of the greateft part of the country, and poU'elTtd of the civil and criminal
jurifdiflion thereof, as alfo of the high and low venery, (fome few
excepted who refide on Grimnitzed heath, and have furrendered up the
former, being in return to receive an annual prefent of venifon from the
Sovereign's forefts) together with the right of patronage. The peafants on
the eftates of thefe NoblefTe, inftead of being annexed to the lands, confifi: of
vafTals and freemen who engage for a number of years with the proprietors.
The States of the country meet annually ziPrenzlo, where likewife the
affairs of the province are adminiftered by the provincial diredor and three
counceilors, who are chofen by the nobility out of ancient families and
have under them the country-receiver, with the recorder of the Uckermark
regifter. The excife and other affairs of the towns are managed
by a board of taxes, who are accountable to the Eledor's treafury and
war-office.
§. 5. The reformed colonies of French and G^rw^w excepted, who have
their refpeäive churches and minillers in the feveral towns and villages, the
inhabitants in general are Lutherans, and their pariihes and minifters divided
into fix infpeöions, namely, Prenzlo, 'Lemplin, Strafzburg, New-
Angermunde, Gramzo and Zehdenick.
§. 6. Thofe JVends, v/ho after the retreat of the Goths and Vandals in
the fifth and fixth century, gradually poflefled themfelves of this
country,,

Uckermark.]
GERMANY.
country, are the IVilzi and the Ucri ; the former of whom inhabit the
eaftern parts, and the latter the weftcrn. iV//yAwjy having in the year nine
hundred and eighty-three reduced all the country betwixt the Ois'^randthe
Elbe, the Uckerland fell under the dominion of the houfe of Obotri-zed, under
whom it continued till the demife of Pribizlaw the laft Prince thereof,
which happened about the year 1 142. On his death the Princes oi Pomera}tia
got the Uckcrlande into their hands and kept it above one hundred years, during
which time alio they diligently conlulted its improvement. The M^rggrave
Albert the Bear made fome fruitlefs attempts to difpoflefs them of it. His
fucceffors likewife were not wanting vigoroufly to allert their right to the
Uckerlande, infomuch that the Princes of Pomeranta had but a troublefome
enjoyment of their acquifition. At length Duke Ber?iim I. ceded Prenxlo the
capital together with the Uckerlande, to the Eledtor John I. of the Afcanian
Line ; which ceflion feems to have been made towards the beginning of
the year 1252 : That being the time in which the faid Eledtor's charter
to the city of Prenzlo bears date.
§. 7. The principal court of judicature in the Uckermark, to which
appeals lie from the towns and courts of the nobility, is held at Prenzlo
and called the Obergericht. The nobility and gentry of the Uckermark
and the independent towns, have their firft hearing before this court, the
families of Arnim, Buch and Winterfeld excepted, together with the
Counts of Schuppenbach and the capital city of Prenzlo who have obtained
the privilege of exemption from it. From this court an appeal lies
to the Kanvnergericht or court of exchequer at Berlin, though the Obergericht
diredls the proceedings of the faid appeal till fuch time as a decree
be iflued. The Obergericht confifts of a preiident and four afleffors, two
of whom are noblemen and two commoners. The three firft of thele are
conftantly chofen out of the ancient families of the Uckertnark, and of the
two latter, one is always at the fame time alfo firll or ruling burgomafter
at Prenzlo.
§. 8. The Uckermark, is divided into two Circles, namely into thofe
of Uckermark and Stolp.
J. The Uckermark Circle contains in it,
I. Prenzloy an independent city and the capital of the country, as alfo
the feat of the chief court ofjuftice, and an eccledaftical infpedtion. It lies
in a very fruitful plain on the lake and river Ucker, being large, well built,
with ftreight broad ftreets and divided into the old and new. The
revenues arifing to the corporation frorn the city mills, its feveral farms
and large woods, are confiderable. There is alfo a very numerous
French colony here, whofe judge is inverted with power over all the
French colonies in the Uckertnark. This city contained formerly three
convents, two of which have been given away to noblemen, and the
third converted into an alms-houfe. In it at prefent are fix churches
B 2
wherein

4
GERMANY. [Uckermark.
wherein divine fervice is performed, that is to fay three parochial churches
in the old city, one in the new city, the church of the reformed Germans,
and that of the French Proteftants. Here is alfo a good Latin fchool,
and the place itfelf carries on a very large trade in corn, cattle and tobacco;
for the Jafl of which it is particularly noted, as likewife for its manufadture
of clotli. In a bull of Pope Innocent^ bearing date in 1 140, (wherein however
the feveral places belonging to the Diocefe of Pomerania, Prenzlo do
not occur, though mentioned in a bull of Pope Clement's m 11 88) are
thefe words, viz. Caßri Prenzlau aim foro et tabernd. Bernim I. Duke of
Pomeranin, enlarged and improved the city, and bellowed on it the Fieldmark
which is üill aäua'ly exifting near the old city, and confifts of 300
hufs * of land.
2. Templin^ an immediate town fituated on the Dolgen lake, and containing
an eccleiiaflical infpedtion. In the year 1735, this place was totally confumed
by fire, but has been rebuilt to very great advantage; Its ftreets
being now broad and ftreight, and its houfes uniform, exclufive of a
fpacious market-place in it, which forms a regular quadrangle, infomuch
that at prefent it is one of the moft beautiful towns in all the Mark. It
carries on a very large trade in timber, which is greatly promoted by means
of a canal newly made for the communication of feveral bodies of water
hereabouts, particularly of the lake of Fahr^ which is above feven E?igiißi
miles in length.
3. Liecben or Lychen^ an immediate town, feated among woods and lakes,
and which was confumed by fire in 1732; but, like 'Templin, has been
regularly rebuilt. Large floats of timber are fent from hence, and it enjoys
alio a great trade in beams and planks.
4. Strafzburg, an immediate town, and the feat of an ecclefiaflical infpection.
Its inhabitants are for the moft part Lutherans with a German and a
French congregation. Abundance of tobacco is grown and manufaflured
here. This town feems to have been compofed of three villages, which
are pofi^efled of three different feldmarks or boundaries, called the
Afladt juteritz and Falkenberg.
5. The royal prefeöurate of Zehdenick, to which belongs
Zehdenick, an immediate town feated on the river Havel, and containing.
an ecclefiaflical infpeftion. In it alfo is a convent for ladies of noble
defcent, confiding of a Domina and fix filters. It carries on a large
trade in wood and corn. In the year, 1438, the town and caflle of
Zehdenick, together with the village appertaining thereto were conferred as
a vacant fief on the Arnim family, who in 1528 made a furrender of it
to the fovereign in exchange for Boitzenburg.
In the paftures near this city iron ore is met with in great abundance,
and accordingly there is a mill here for that purpofe, which is driven by
* A Huf of land contains about |- of a hide, or J 2^ Englißi acres..
the

[Uckermark.
GERMANY.
the Havel At this place likewife is a foundery, where bombs, grenadoes,
bullets, mortars, pots, weights, and even fmall cannon, are caft.
6. The royal prefeduratc of Gramzo, the foil of which is remarkably
fertile, and which, exclufive of a great number of farms and villages,
contains in it
Gramzo, a market tov/n and ecclefiaftical infpedtion. This town Is
likewife the refidence of the minifter of the French colonifts who have
fettled in the prcfedurate.
Pofzlo, a fmali town feated on JJckcr lake, and formerly more confiderable
than at prefent, the' it üill has a numerous French colony.
7. The royal prefedfurate of Himmelpfort, feated on a large lake,
through which runs the river Havel, and owing its original to a fecularifed
convent, which was granted in 1557 to ^dam vonTrotte, but in 1730 on
the extinction of his line, was erefted into a royal prefed urate.
8. The bailiwick and village of Seehaiifen, which is almoft entirely furrounded
by the Upper and Lower Uckerfee, and belongs to the Joachimfthal
college at Berlin. This place was formerly a convent for ladles.
faid
9. The bailiwick and village of Blaiikenburg likewife belonging to the
college.
JO. The Lords of y4rw/w are proprietors ol Boytzenbiirg a fmall towi>
fituated on a lake ; near which is a well-built feat on an eminence, with
fine gardens belonging to it, a park and pleafant walk. The culture of
filk is followed here with great advantage.
Gerfwalde, a feat and village.
Fredenwalde, a feat and fmall town. The feat of Lucko -,
which
with its
appurtenances the late field marflial von Arnim, who died in 1734, bequeathed
as a patrimonial ßdei commijfum to his nephew George Frederick
von Arnim, is a beautiful place, and flands in a very pleafant country,
having alfo belonging to it one of the finefl gardens in the whole
Mark. Near it the Uckerfee has its beginning.
IVerbelo, Nechlin, Krochlendorf, the Schwarzenfee, Sfernhagen, Gcffchendorf,
Milmerßorf, Crafz, and 'Temmen.
11. The imperial counts of Schwerin, who were originally of Fomerania^
obtained in the feventeenth century the two vacant Blankenburg fiefs of
Wolfihagen, a caftle, and Furßenwerder, a fmall town.
12. The Counts of Schlippcnbach, who derived their original from
Curland, obtained in the feventeenth century the efcheated fiefs of Schonermark,
Schwanepul, Are77tfee, and Docho, belonging to the houle of Guß,
with all their dependencies.
13. The Lords of Berg who were originally of Zutphen, and in all
appearance defcended from Henry Lord of Berg, fecond fon to Otho Count
Qi Gehlerland and Zutphen., who lived about the year 1125, and whofe
arms are the fame with thofe of the Zutphen Lords von Bag, who v/ere
raifed

GERMANY.
[Uckermark.
raifed to the dignity of counts of the empire in the year i486, are ftill
poffeßed of Schonefcld, Klepto, Hcrzfeld, Kremzo, and Mittcnivalde, together
with their dependencies.
14. The other eftates of this Circle belonging to noblemen, are, Old-
Hohenivalde, Baiimgarten, Blumenhagen, Damro, Dedelo, Fnhrenholz, Fridenfelde^
Gclmitz, Goritz, Great-Lucko, Great-Spiegelberg, Guterberg^ Holzendorf,
"JagOy Little-Lucko, KJocko, Kutzero, Lmdhorji, Malcho, Mezelihiti,
Nene?7fc-ld, Ncw-Hohenwalde, Neuen-Simd, Farmen, Fimio, Folivitz, Rafchenberg,
Ringenwalde and Ihoratz, together with thofe of Kitgarten^
Schenkeuberg, Schmarjb, Strehlen, Torno, Vietmanfdorf, Zeniick and Zufedom.
II.
The Circle of Stolpe contains in it
1. New Arigermunde an independent town, and the moft confiderable
of all the towns in the Circle, lying on the lake of Munde, and having an
ecclefiaüical infpedfion, the infpedor of which bears the title of provoft.
At this place likewife is a French community. New-Angermiinde carries
on a confiderable trade in corn and cattle. Anciently there ftood a calllc
here, from which this town acquired the appellation ot New-Ajigertnunde.
2. The royal prefefturate of Lockenitz, which is very confiderable.
In this prefcdlurate
is
Lockenitz, a very ancient caflle with a fmall town belonging to it, feated
amidfl: marOies on the river Rando. The Eledlor Frederick II. took this place
in 1468, and though the Fomeranians recovered it again in 1476, yet the
Eledlor Albert retook it a fecond time, and by virtue of a treaty concluded
in 1479, kept pofleffion thereof In the fame year alfo he conferred
it as a fief on Gerrard von der Schulenburg, whofe line is now become
exdn(5t. The cuftoms coUeded at this place bring in a large fum.
Berkholz and BalUen, two church-villages inhabited by reformed Fretich,
3. The royal prefedlurate of Brusso, in which lies BruJfo^L fmall town,
and Wolfcho, a village; both which places were purchafed in 1726, of
the family of Rammln, by King Frederick William.
4. The royal prefeiturate of Corien, comprehending under it Corien ov
Chorin, formerly a convent in which feveral of the Marggraves lie interred.
Ziethen and Parßein, two church-villages inhabited by reformed French.
Lower Fielmo, a frontier village.
Grimnitz, anciently a caftle and hunting feat, lying on the great Grim~
nitzfee, out of which the river IVelfe has its fource. In the year 151 9 a
perpetual compadl was concluded at this place between Brandenburg and
Pomera}iia.
5. The diftridl of Schwedt, belonging to the Marggrave Frederick
IVilliam, and which, exclufive of feveral villages, contains in it
Schwedt, a well built town, lying on the Oder, and having a ftately feat
near it which is famous for its gardens. Schwedt anciently belonged to
the Afcherleben family, from whom it
defcended to the counts oi Hohenßein^
and

New-Mark.]
GERMANY,
and on the failure of their line efcheated to the Eledlor as a vacant fief.
The river Oder divides itfelf at this place into two branches, betwixt which
lies a morafs with a dyke crofs it, ferving to communicate with both,
and having over each a bridge,
Vii'raden in ancient records named Ad quafuor rotas from the four
wheeled mills there on the river Welje, is a imail town feated in a fertile
neighbourhood on the above river, which at this place joins the Oder.
6. The bailiwick of 'Joachimßhal, containing in it Joachim/Ihal, which
together with the whole bailiwick belongs to the village of that name,
which was once founded here, but has fince been removed to Berlijt.
7. The Bailiwick of Neuendorf belongs to the fame college. The farm
name lies on the river Oder.
of this
8. Stolpe, a caflle of great antiquity, with a fmall town near it, lies on
the river Oder, and for fome centuries paft has belonged to the Lords of
Bii^h. This place gives name to the circle.
9. Grciffenhcrg, a caflle and town feated on the Serinfz, and which,
in conjunction with its dependencies, conftitutes a conllderable Lordfliip,
whence the family of that name derive their original ; which family bequeathed
it in the fifteenth century to the Lords of Sparr. This place i&
noted for its fine earthen ware.
10. Ziecho a beautiful lear, which together with Lutzlo, Golme, Verkehrten
and Grimo, belongs to the Lords of Annm.
1 1. The eftates here appertaining to Noblemen are thofe oi Old Kiinickendorf
Bruchhngen, Carnizo, Crieven, Crußo, Damm, Eickßcdt, Felcho^
FlehmldorJ] Frauenhagen, Glambeck, Gorlfdorf] Gnmekerg, Hohcn-Landien,
Ruhweide, Menkien, Muro, Lower- Land!en, Paßo, Pnino, Poifen, Pclzo,
Schmiedeberg, Stendal, Stendalichcn, (at the pafs near the left of vi'hich
over the river Welle in Pomerattia, feveral encounters happened in 1302
and 1306, betwixt the Markers and the Pomeranians) Stolzenhagen, Tanto,
Trampe, Wolletz. Wollten, Ziemkendorf, and Ziäzen.
II. The NE W^M A R K,
§. ^•'T~^ HE prefent New-Mark is a long but narrow track of land ; which
•^ to the weft is feparated from the Middle and Ucker7nark by the
river Oder, to the north terminates on Pomerania, and eaftward on Pomerania,
Poland, Silefia and the Loiver Lufatia ; being in its greateft length
about forty, and in its greateft breadth ten, geographical miles. Its prefent
limits with refpe(5l to Pomerania, were fettled in the years 1542 and 1565;
with Polandm 1251, and renewed in 1364.
§. 2. The foil here is for the moft part fandy, but the Circles oi Kofiigfberg.

8 GERMANY. [New-Mark.
berg, SolJin, Fridcbcrg and Arnfwalde, have very good corn lands belonging
to thein. Near the rivers are luxuriant paflure grounds and marflics, but
the grafsinthem is generally coarfe and ruÜiy. It abounds in wood, and has
a fufficiency alfo of fruits, garden-fluff", fiih, and game. The incorporated
Circles produce wine, and yield likewife great quantities of iron ore.
Under King Frederick William this country in molt circles of it received
great improv^ements. It appears however from the furrows ftill difcernible
on the heaths tbat the New- Mat k is not fo well cultivated as formerly.
§. 3. The New-Mark contains in it thirty-eight towns; the burials here
one year with another amount to about 5700, whence the number of its inhabitants
may be eftimated at about 2 1 6000. Among the noble families fettled
in this country are, the Lords of Benekcndorj\ Birklolz, Blankenfee, Bork,:
Born, Bmfid, Briejen, Burgfio)'/, Derflinger, Golz, Guntersberge, Hagen,
Ilo, Kaikreuth, Kteiß, Klitzing, Knobeljdorf, Kottwitz, Lichnowfky, Loben,
Marwltz, Martitz, Mohlen, Mublenbeim, Mufchwitz, Pannewitz, Papflein,
Platen, Podewils, Puckler, Rabeno, Riickel, Sack, Schenkendorf, Schmidberg,
Schonbeck, Schoning, Sido, Unruh, Wachholz, Waldo, Wedel, Winningen,
Wreech, 6cc. The ftates of the New-Mark have their meetings at
Kußrin. The Lutheran churches here are divided into twelve infpedions.
The reformed conftitute five congregations.
§. 4. The New-Mark, properly fo called, extends itfdf from the river
Rega to the river Warte, and by ancient writers is defcribed as a large
forefl. This traä: of land was cultivated by the Wends, and belonged
partly to Poland and Pomerania, till by means of wars, conventions and
marriages, it came to the Marggraves of Brandenburg, who were in pofTeffion
of it fo early as the year 1257. Otho the Tallin 1286 difpofed of it
to the Tcutonick order \n. Priijjia; but in 1290 it was again redeemed.
Betwixt the years 1309 and 1318, ÄFtf/c/dW^/r difpofed of it a fecond time
by parcels, together with Pomerania, to the Teutonick order, but it was
again redeemed. In the year 1400, Sigifmund alienated it a third time,
transferring the circle o^ Drumburg to the Teutonick order,
in confideration
of the fum of 470,000 Bohemia?! Grofchens ; and in 1402, made fale of
the whole country for 63200 Hungarian guelders. The agreement at firft
was that only the houfe oi Lutzelburg fhould be poffefTed of the power of
redemption ; but in 1429, the country was totally ceded to the Tcutonick
order, which ceflion in
1443 was confirmed at Frankfort by the Eledor Frerick
II. But the ill circumftances of the Teutonick order obliged them in
1454 to mortgage it to the faid Elecitor Frederick II. and in 1455 to
make an abfolute fale of it, the faid Eleäor paying them down 100,000
gold guldens, in confideration thereof. Since that time it has remained
continua'ly in the houfe o^ Brandenburg, under the appellation of the New-
Mark. The Teulonick order indeed laid claim to it, but in 1518, made an abiblute
renunciation thereof. Concerning the enlargement of the New-Mxirk
I
bv

GERMANY.
New-Mark.]
by incorporating the Circles with it, an account will be given in the defcription
of them.
§. 5. The New-Mark has a regency of its own, which holds its feffions
at Kujirin, and confifls of a prefident and four counfellors, two of whom
are nobles, two conimoncrs, one prothonotary, and lour clerks. It has
likewife its own particular confiftory, and criminal court of iuftice, as alfa
a board of war and a chamber of Demefnes. Rcvifals and appeals indeed
lie from it to the exchequer at Berlin ; but it has been agreed that it fhould
determine in
cafes relating to the New-Mark, only by way of commiflion, and
not as a fuperior court. The annual produce of the excife in the ftrveral
towns of the New-Mark amounts to about 130,000 rixdollars.
§. 6. The New-Mark confifts i. Of the town of Kuftrin, 2. Of feven
original circles which are divided into the anterior and pofterior circles,
3. Of four incorporated circles. This order I fliall obferve in its defcription.
I. Kußriri, the capital oi t}c\Q New-Mark^ lies in latitude 52 degrees,
35 minutes, and in longitude 32 degrees, 34 minutes, counting from
the meridian of Faro. Its proper name is Koztryn, i. e. a Rußbaßet,
which is the name of a large lake betwixt this city and Sonnenburg, and
from which probably it came to be fo called. It lies on the liver Oder,
which a litde above this city receives into it the Warte, and their refpective
waters are afterwards diftinguifliable as far as Schauenburg, a village
feated at about half a G^rwö« mile's diftance from the confluence of thefe rivers,
thofe of the Oder being of a yellowilh call, and that of the Warte black,
whence indeed it is alfo called the black Oder. The adjacent country is
marfliy, for which reafon the approach to it on the Middle-Mark fide is by
means of a caufeway reaching oppofite to Manfchno, in the prefedurate of
Lebiis, which caufeway runs to the length of three fourths of a German
mile, and has no lefs than thirty-fix bridges on it large and fmall ; the approach
likewife to the fuburb called the Short, on the New-Mark fide, is over
a caufeway of feven bridges. Kujlrin therefore by its fuuation is very ftrong,
and has likewife good fortifications. The city indeed itfelf is but fmall,
neverthelefs it hath large fuburbs, as namely the Kurtfee fuburb, the Neu-
Jladt, which was built in 1733, in the hornwork towards the Oder, and
the large or long Suburb on the Middle-Mark fide of the fame river, being
very large, and communicating with the Neujladt, by means of a very
long bridge, defended by a ftrong fort. It is the feat alfo of the regency,
the conliftory, the criminal court of juftice, the New-Murk exchequer, and
war office ; and the refidence likewife of an ecclcfiaftical infpedion. Before
the year 1758, in the town, and fort, were about 200 houfes, an old
manfion-houfe, and a church where. the Cahijiißs ufed to perform divine
fervice, together with three arfenals, one fdthoufe, three magazines, a
Lutheran parifii-church and the garrifon-church, the latter of which efcaped
the undermentioned defolation. The Kia-tjce fuburb too contained in it a
Vol. VI. C church
and

lo
GERMANY. [New-Mark.
church and a hofpital, and the long fuburb a hofpital and a houfe of
correction ; but in the above year the Rußcms fetting it on fire by means of
bombs and red hot bullets it was reduced to a heap of ruins. The fortifications
however held out againft all their attempts, and on the approach
of the king of Prujia, the Ruffians precipitately raifed the fiege.
II. The original New-Mark Circles, and firft
Of the anterior Circles, which are
I. The Circle of SoUin. This Circle abounds in lakes, which are
rich in fifh, and though mountainous, yet is not unfruitful. It contains in
it three towns and thirty-two villages, twelve of which belong to the King,
and are within the prefeflurate of Carzig , the other villages here are in
the hands of Noblemen. The mofl: remarkable places are as follows, wz.
1. Soldin, the Circle-town and formerly the capital of the New-Mark.
This place ftands on a lake belonging to it, and to which it alfo gives
name. The lake is a German mile and a half in length, and in forae
parts near half a mile broad, with a depth of upwards of twelve fathom.
It is alfo particularly noted for its delicious lampreys. In the
town are at moH: not above two hundred houfes, and two churches, one
of which is hutheran, and the other appropriated to the fervice of the few
SoUin has likewife manufaäures of cloth.
Calvinißs that have fettled here.
In former times it contained a chapter, and is even fhll the refidence
of an ecclefiaftical infpection. In the year 1655 this place was deftroyed
by fire.
2. Lippehtie, a fmall town fubfifting by agriculture.
3.
Berlhichen, alfo a fmall town, and fubfifling in the fame manner.
4. The royal prefed:urate of Carzig, to which, as is before obferved,
belong twelve villages. This prefedlurate yields a revenue of about 20000
dollars per annum, exclufive of the money arifing from the forefts. The
largefl villages in it are Carzig or Hohen-Carzig, (which is alfo the feat of
the prefedlurate, and contains a caftle) Fahle73werder, Neuenbürg and
Staffeide. In this prefedurate likewile ftand Neuhaujz and Muggetiburg^
two hunting feats.
5. Deelz, Dtrzo or Diko, Glnfo and Melientin, the principal villages
belonging to Noblemen ; the other villages here are Adamfdorf\ BabtOy
Chur[ihrJ\ Cranzen, Gremlin, Grunberg, Little-Latzko, Naulin, Pifleriaitz^
Rebniiz, Schonau, 'Trampe, IVutenau, Zieten, and Zollen.
ill. The Königsberg Circle contains in it
1. Königsberg, the Circle town, feated on the Roricke. This place is
well built, and has an ecclefiaftical infpeÄion. In the year 1427 it was
fet on fire by the Hujites.
2. Schofiflies, in ancient records ftiled Schowenßiet, a fmall town fubfifting
by agriculttirc ; near it lies the lake of Sonnenburg.
3. Barwalde, a little town alfo fubfifling by agriculture, and manufactures

New-Mark.]
GERMANY.
tures of cloth. This place lies on a lake, which is divided into the greater
and lefler, and belongs to the corporation.
4. The royal prefedturate of Gerlsdorf, which lies half a German
mile from Schonflies, and formerly belonged to the Sydo family.
5. The royal prefedurate of Butterfelde, fitiiated not far from
Mokrin, and formeriy appertaining to the family of Sack.
6. The royal prefedlurate of Zehden, including
Zchden, a fmall town feated in a vale on the Miiglitze. On the adjacent
mountain here formerly ftood a Ciflerciafi nunnery, and thirteen villages.
7. The royal prefedlurate of Neuenhagen, as traverfed by the new
Oder, which has its beginning at Gußebiefe.
8. The royal prefedhirate of Zeli.in, formerly belonging to the Morncr
family- The village oi ZelHn here ftands on the Oder.
9. The royal preledurate of Neuendamm, to which belongs
Neuendamm, an open town, where good cloth is made.
Wittßock, at prefent the prefedturate town.
II.
10. The royal prefedurate of Quartschen, comprehending under it
^artfihefi, or ^lartzen, a village feated in a delightful fituation oa
the Miezel. At this place was formerly a commandery of the Malta order,
but it has been exchanged for Schievelbei?i.
Rutzdorf, a village feated one fourth of a German mile from ^lartfchen.
In 1755 fome iron works were fet up at this place.
ZorndorJ, a village lying about one mile from Kiißrin, and where, in
1758, was fought a very bloody battle betwixt the Frußans and Rußans,
to the advantage of the former.
Furßenfelde, an open town, one German mile from S>uarffchen, and fubfifting
entirely by agriculture. The family of Briefen are poffefled of a
mannor houfe at this place.
1 1. Motrin, a fmall town feated on a lake, which is noted for its fine
lampreys. This town appertains at prefent to the Papflein family.
12. The Diflridt oi Grimcherg, belonging to the Sonnenburg grand mafterfliip
of the order of St. John of Malta, and which was at firft a commandery
purchafed by Liborius ion Schlieben, as grand-mafler, of the
Eledlor Frederick II. This Diftritft contains in it
Gruneberg,
a confiderable village.
Guflebieje, a village feated on the Oder, at the place where the canal,
named the New Oder, made by king Frederick II. begins, and is carried'
on through the diftrift of Neuenhagen, into the Old Oder, about one German
mile's diftance, below Oderberg. This canal was opened in 1753. It
has been already oblerved, in the account of Freienwalde, in the Oberbarim
Circles of the Middle-Mark, what a confiderable trad of land has
been faved from the inundations of the Oder, by means of this canal.
13. Schildberg, a large village belonging to the Dorfling family, who
are likewile proprietors of Kcrko^ Sydo, and Thoren.
C 2 14. Rofthi,

12 G E R M A N r. [New-Mark.
its
14. Roftin, a village appertaining to the Lords of Bredo, and fantied for
tobacco-pipes.
15. Bellin, a large village of which the Marivitz {zwWy are proprietors,
as they are likevvife oi Berjeld, Dolzig, Beym, Hammer, Liei/enfeld, High and
Low-Ltibicho,
Sellin and Zerniko.
16. IVaniitz, a large village belonging to the family of Oßen.
IV. The Landsberg Circle contains in it,
J . Landsberg an der Warte, the Circle town feated on the river IVarle.
Tills place is well built, and enjoys a good trade. It is likevvife the feat
of an ecclefiaftical infpedion, contains a parifli-church, with another in the
fuburbs, exclufive of a third for the garrifon, and is alfo one of the
royal magazines. More particularly here are fome fine woollen manufactories,
which conftitute the principal branch of its trade. On the revival
of the decayed commerce carried on here with Poland, by means of the
Warte, Netze and the Oder, King Frederick II. in 1750, exempted the navigation
on thcfe rivers betwixt Stettin and Poland, from all duties, that of
timber and floats excepted. In the year 1427, this town was facked and
burnt by the Hußtes; and betwixt 1628 and 1639, taken no lefs than
four times by the Imperiali fls, and as often by the Swedes. It was alfo befieged
by the latter in 1678, and in 1755 by the Rujians.
^
To this town belong the villages of Borko, Decbfel, Kernin, Lohrensdorj,
Eulern, Weperitz and Zecho.
2. The royal Prefedurate of Himmelstatt, which has been formed out
of a convent and contains under it twelve villages, exclufive of feveral others,
which have been lately built j at T^orno, Lotzen, and Roberbruch are glafshoufes
; and in 1754 an iron foundery was fet up at Vietz.
3. Bernowichen, or Berneucheti, a village and noble eftate belonging to
the family of Born.
4. Zantoch, once a fmall town, but at prefent only a village lying on the
Notecz or Netze, which below this place joins the Warte. Zantoch belongs
to fome noble families.
5. Stolzenberg, a church-village having a feat with a fine garden, park,
snd other embellifliments to it, belongs to the Marggrave, Henry Fredericks
6. Grabo, Libeke, Pollichen, Diederfdorf, Mariscitz, Geynin, Stcnne'witZy
Tyrehne, Wormfelde, Tamfel, Warnick, Great aad Little-Cammin, all feats
and eftates belonging to noblemen.
The Hinder Circles are
I. The Friedeberg Circle, containing
Friedebcrg, the Circle-town which ftands in a fruitful country, on two
lakes. This place has frequently fuffered by fire, but is at prefent pretty well
Tibuilt; and the feat of an ecclefiaftical infpefbion. The Aitgußim
convent which form.erly flood here, has been converted into a lordlhip.
Within the dependencies o-f the city Y\t ScljonefeU and Muckeburg two farms,
the revenues of v/hich are paid into the exchequer.
2.Tk&

New-Mark.]
GERMANY.
2. The royal Prefedurate of Driesen, the feat of u'hich is Driefen,
in ancient records called Drefn and DreJ'no, a fmall town pleafantly
fituated on the river Netze, which at this place divides itl'elf into two
branches, one called the Lefer or Old-Netze, the other the Larger-Netze.
The former of thefe flreams after pafTing through the morafles near the
town joins the Larger Netze, as it runs on the other fide of the fort, which
fort befides this ftream is alfo evironed with a particular moat of its .own.
.It was particularly eredled againfl: the incurfions of the Poles, which end
it fully anfwers; but lies on the Polijh fide, whereas the prefcdurate and
town lie on that of Germany. The inhabitants procure themfelves a
lubfiftence, by tillage, grafery, woollen manufaäures and trade. The
town itfelf is faid to have been built in 1270, by Bolißaw King of Poland.
\\\ 13 17, the Marggrave Woldemar conferred it on Henry and Burchard von
der Oßen, their brothers and heirs. In 1662 it was totally deftroyed by fire.
The fort was not built till the year 1603. In 1636 the Swedes made an
unfuccefsful attempt upon it, but took it in 1639, and in ^650 reftored it.
In 175B the Pruljian garrifon being removed, i\iQ Rujjians made themfelves
rnafters of it and improved the fortifications.
To this Prefedlurate likewife belong about fourteen fmall places.
3. Woldenberg, a fmall town feated on an eminence. In 1712, this
place was confumed by fire, but has fince been rebuilt to advantage. In
the neighbouring country are twenty lakes great and fmall.
4. Birkholz, Blumenjelde, Braunsfelde, Breitenßein, Buffo, Dolgen, Falkenßein,
Geilenfelde, HermsdorJ, Lauchjladt, Lichteno, Mehrentin, Alansfeld,
Scko?irade, Stolzenberg, Tanko, Pahlitz^ Wugaten, Wolgaft and Wutig.
2. The Arenfivalde Circle contains under it
Arenfioalde, in ancient records ftyled Chofientzino, the Circle town, but
the greateft part of which was burnt down in 1511 and 1540. This
place is the feat of an ecclefiaftical infpedion. About one fourth of a
German mile's diftance from it, but higher than the town, ftands the lake
oi Lavin, and near the village of Kliecken, which lies jiot far from it, is
the lake of Kiiecken.
Bernßein, a fmall town, with refpedl to polity and contributions fubjed:
to the New-Mark, but in its diftridl, and jurifdicftion belonging to Pomerania.
In the year 1315, Waldemar fold the Bernßein eftate to the Duke of Pomerania,
for the fum of 2000 marks. When the Brandevluirg houfe became
again pcfiefled of it, it was conferred as a fief on the Waidau family, of whom
it was purchafed by King Frederick William, and erected into a Prefefturate.
3. The royal Prefeäiurate of Makienwalde, which was formed out of
a Cißercian convent. This Prefedlurate contains no lefs than forty-feven
lakes in it, and the old accounts mention fixty-four. Thefe lakes fupply
the inhabitants with plenty of fi(b. Under King Frederick IL fix nevv
colonies were fettled in the Prefedurate. In it is
Jagersburg,

14 GERMANY. [New-Mark.
Jägsfßurgy
an old hunting feat lying on the Drage.
4. The royal Prefefturate of Reez, in which is
Reez, the Prefedlurate town, fmall and lying on the river Ifme.
Tillage and the cloth manufadure are the chief employment of its inhabitants.
Clofe by this town, formerly flood a Cißerciaft nunnery, which is fubjedt
to the Abbot of Marienivalde, but has been fecularized and converted into
a Prefedturate.
5. Norcnba-g, 3 place feated on the lake of Erzigy and eredled by
the Wedel family, to whom it alfo belongs. In the year 1647, '^'^ place
was confumed by fire.
6. Neuwcdel, a little town feated on the Drage, and belonging to the
U'edel family. On a high mountain here are ftill to be feen the remains
of an ancient feat, whence the IVedel family derive their name, and to
them flill belong feveral villages and eftates in this country, as namely,
Furßenau, &cc. In thefe parts too is a fleel and iron mill, eredted on
the river Drage.
7. Several places and eftates belonging to Nobles, as namely Old-
K/ucken, Blankenfee, Buto, Crafizin, Cratznick, Ctirto, Deetz, Diekn, Grano,
Grapo, Great-Silber, Gruneberg, Helche, Helpe, Jago, KeJJel, Kolpin, Krinitig^
Liebem, Meilen, Mietzelfelde, Nantiko, Nene-Kliicken, Nciilin, Oßenberg,
Pammin, Pifterwitz, Polzig, Rahnioerder, Rako, Rohrberg, Rufen, Schlagentin,
Sido, Silberg, Spechtsdorf, Steinberg, Stolzenfelde, Studenitz, Trarnpe,
Wardin and Welfchenburg.
3. The Dramburg Circle, comprehends under it
1. Dramburg, anciently called Draweburg and Drageburg, the Circle
town, feated on the river Drage, from which it alfo derives its name.
This river pafTes through the old and new town, and from the Baumgartengate
is
alfo carried round a part of the place by means of both the moats.
Dramburg is the feat of an eccleliaflical infpedtion, and probably owes
its foundation to the Wedel family. In the year 1534,
it fuffercd confiderably
by fire.
2. The royal Prefedlurate of Balster, which was formely held as a
fief by the Gunßerbeige family.
Cnlies, a fmall town which is partly under the jurifdidion of the before
mentioned family ; and is noted for woollen weavers. This place ftands
on a fmall river which runs into the Drage, and in i
^yj was confumed by fire.
3. The royal Prefedurate of Sabin, where in the reign oi Frederick II.
a new colony was fettled.
4. Falkenburg, a fmall town having a feat on the Drage, and belonging
to the Bork family. This town is alfo the principal place of their refidence.
It is poffeiled of feveral other eflates and places in this Circle, as for inftance,
of Dal, Friedersdorf, Gersdorf, Great-Gruno, Hundekopf, Klebo, Figo, &c.
5. Seats and eftates belonging to Noblemen, as namely, Baumgarteny
I
Blankenhagen.)

New-Mark.] GERMANY. 15
Blanketihagen, Carwitz, Denzig, Diederßorf, Dolgen, Giern, Golz, Great-
Schonenberg, Giinterßmgen, Janiko, Kettdorf, Little-Gruno, Littk-Lankeriy
Lü?7gcnhayen, Mellentin, Lower-Lobitz-, Petzenick, Fiepflock, Prstten^
Runo, Sade/berg, Sarranzig, Schilde, Steinhofel, Storko, Sloven, Wenningen,
Wuro, Wußerwitz, Zado, Zambzo, Zetzin and Zeunicken.
4. The Schievelbein Circle contains under it,
1. Schieiielbein, the Circle town, feated on the Rega in the mofl northern
point of the New-Mark, at this place is a commandery belonging to tlic
Sonnenburg Grand-mafterfliip of the Knights of St. fobn, which has a
feat here, and is poffelTed of near one half of the villages in the Circle.
The commander is likewife prefect of the Schievelbein and Dramburg
Circles, in which the Nobility ftand in his prefence. He alfo ufually kept an
Official here, who is a Nobleman and a man of letters. Appeals lie from
hence immediately to the Neio-Mark Regency. Here is likewife an ecclefiaftical
infpedlion, and a Nobleman's feat formed out of a fequeftred Carthufian
monaftery.
The town is proprietor of the village of Nemmin, as the hofpital church
is of Bruno.
2. Theeftates and places belonging to Nobles here, are Barkeno, Briefen,
Brußrin, Bokenhagen, Cartlo, Carsbaum, Dolgeno, Falkenberg, Grojchin,
Klemzo, Klotzin, Kluizko, Kreitzig, Krußeno, Lipze, Labens, Lecko, Meneritz,
Follichleben, Ritzka, Rutzenhagen, Schlejzig, Schlonnewitz, Scmero,
Volzko and Woperjno.
III. The incorporated Circles on the fouth fide of the Warte.
I. The Sternberg Circle, formerly belonged to the Churmark, having
been annexed to it by Poland, in the year 1220 or 1260. This Circle
is about feven German miles in length, and four broad, and contains under it,
1. Droßcn, the Circle town, which is pretty well built, and enjoys a good
trade. This place lies on the river Lenzen. In the year 1596 it was
totally deftroyed by fire.
2. Sternberg, a fmall town, in which lies the houfe whence the Wintiing
family derive their name.
3. Kappen, a little town feated on the EyJang, and noted for its woollen
manufactures.
4. The royal Prefeöurate of Neuendorf, to which belong four villages.
5. The royal Prefedurate of Bischofsee : once belonging to the family
o^ Breda : Bifcbojfee, is a village.
Obf. The royal Prefedurate of Frauendorf, together with the little
town oiGoriz lies indeed within the Sternberg Circle, and this is under the
New-Mark regency at Kuflrin, but having from time immemorial'
belonged to the ancient diocefe, now called the prefedurate of Lebus in
the Middle-Mark, the exchequer at Berlin claims and adually exercifcs
jurildidion over it, for which reafon I have already mentioned it under tb.e
Circle of Lebut in the Middle-Mark. 6. Konigf-

i6
•
GERMANY.
[New-Mark.
6. KomgjkvaUe, a fmall towrt belonging to the Waldau family. Near
this place is an alum mine, with proper works to it.
7. Sando, a large village on the Pleijkev'wtt, which at this place drives
an iron mill. The village belongs to a gentleman of the name oi Piper.
8. Aurith or IJhrt^ a village feated on the Oder^ in that part where it
receives the Pleiße. This place is held as a fief under his PruJJian Majefty,
by the prelate of Neuenzelle in Loiver Liijatia.
9. The noble eftates and places here are Arenfdorf, Balko, Bergen^ Bi~
herteich, Botfcho, Buchbolz, Claufwalde, Dohernitz, Frauendorj\ Gleijj'en,
Gorbitfch, Grabo, Graden^ Great-Gander^ Hammer, Herzogfivalde, Hildeß:eim,
Kahlo, Kemnat, Kirfchbaum, Little-Gander, Little-Lubbicho, Kolfchen,
Kumpelberg, Leichholz, Lieben, Lindo, Malfo, Matfchdorf, Mittenlaalde,
Niederijaaldi, Oßerivalde, Pinno, Radab, Räuden, Reichcnivalde,
Schmngrey, Schmerivalde, Schono, Stubenhagen, Torno, Wandern, Wildenhagen,
ILahlo, Tjerbo, and Xibingen.
10. The Sonnenbiirg grand mafterHiip of the order of St. Jchn, or the
Brandenburg Bailiwick, belongs to the German clafs of that order, as
ahb to the grand priory of Gerfna7iy ; accordingly the commandery annually
pays, by way of acknowledgment, the ancient afleflment of 324 gold
guldens to the receiver of the grand priory, who remits it to Malta. The
eftates of this Bailiwick have partly arifen from the difpenfations granted by
popes, for certain lands held by the Knight's Templers, and likevvife from
grants of the Eledors of Brandeitburg, the Kings of Poland, the Dukes of
Pomcrania, Brunfwick, and Mecklenburg; together with fome which have
accrued to it by purchafe. The patron of the order within the grand
mafterfliip is the Eleftor of Brandenburg.
The grand-mafter himfelf by virtue of the convention of Heimbach,
held in 1382, is eledled by the free choice of the commanders, and unalterably
confirmed by the grand-prior of Germany. He is chief of the
order in the Mark, and the neighbouring countries, all the commanderies
of the order in thefe parts being under him. He is invefted likevvife with
the power of holding chapters, and befides other regalities, is poflelTed of
the civil and criminal jurifdiftions within the eftates of the order, for which
purpofe he has a tribunal, with a fecretary and counfellors, and not only the
vaflals, but the commanders themfelves may be fued. He takes an oath
of fidelity to the Eleöor oi Brandenburg, as Sovereign of the country, by
whom he is confidered as one of the ftates thereof, and on account of the
diftriiSt oi Friedland and Schenkendorf, alfo does homage to the Eleftor of
Saxony, as Sovereign of Lower Lujcitia ; the Diftridts appeals lie to the
regency at Lubben, and for the lands in the Mark to that of Kuflrin.
The knights muft be either princes, counts, barons, or of the ancient
gentry, or defcended from fuch. Lutherans are not excluded from this
honour. They are likewife permitted to marry. The grand mafter may
create

New-Mark.] GERMANY.
,7
create as many knights as he pleafes,
but the ceremony muft be performed
All thefe knights are ftiled knights of the Holy Order oiSt. John,
at Sonnenburg. Every knight at his creation pays down five hundred rixdollars.
and when in the courfe of their feniority they are preferred to a commandery,
bear the title of commander. On the death of one oftheie
his effedls and eftates defcend to his children and heirs, who likewife
enjoy the year of grace.
The enfign of the order is an odlangular crofs, or, enameled, with white,
worn pendent to a black ribbon, but the grand mafter and the common
Commanders bear on their left
breaft an odtangular crofs, embroidered with
white filk, and the knights at the ceremony of a creation, wear a long
black mantle, on which is a white crofs fixed on the left fide. The eftates
of the grand mafterfhip are threefold ; viz. ift. Certain Amts or Diftrifts
which are bordlands belonging to the grand mafterfhip, and
afllgned for the fupport of the grand mafter 's perfon and dignity. Thefe are
I. The Diftridl oi Sonnenburg in the Sternberg Circle, to which, exclufive
of ten villages, belongs
Sciinenburg, a fmall town and caftle feated on the Lenze, which not
far from this place runs into that branch of the Warte called the Lonig.
This branch iftues from the Warte, at the village of Limmcritz, but joins it
again below Sonnenburg. The town is the fettled refidence of the grand
mafter and his regency. In the years 1596 and 1752, the greateft part
of it
was deftroyed by fire.
2. ThtT>\&.n&. oi Rampitz, alfo lying in this Circle. The villages of
Rampitz and Kloppitz or Kloppet, were purchafed by the order in 1448.
Both thefe villages ftand on the Oder, and frequently fuffer by its innundations.
3. The Diftriä: of Grunebei'g, taken notice of above in the Circle of
Königsberg, to which Circle it belongs.
4. The Diftridl of Collin, which lies in Pomerania, and is defcribed there
in the feque!
5. The Friedland Diftrid, which together with that of
6. Schenkendorf, lies in Lower- Lujatia, where an account has been
already given of them.
2. Certain commanderies, under the direftion of commanders refidino- in
them. The acknowledgement money arifing from them is remitted to
Malta. Of thefe commanderies the following are ftiil in being, viz.
I. The commandery of Lagmi, which lies in the" Circle of Sternberg.
The annual revenues arifing from this commandery are eftimated at about
8000 rixdollars. Exclufive of feveral villages, belonging to it is
Lagan, a fmall town, containing a feat.
"Ziclenzig, another little place feated on the Pofte, which is likewife called
Poßan and Poßun, and near Kritzjch runs into the Warte, This town
Vol. VI. D is

,8 GERMANY. [New-Mark.
is famous for its woollen manufaäures. In the year 1244 it fell to the
knio-ht's templers, but afterwards came, with other of their eftates, to the
order of Saint John. Near the city formerly flood a caftle, but at prefent
both in and without it are certain manfions belonging to fiefs, which are
held bv immediate tenure, under the grand mafter and his regency. The
trrand mafler is alfo poflefled of the advowfon of this place, and likewife
has the right of choofing every member of the magiftracy.
2. The commandery of Schicvelbein, lying in the New-Mark, and which
is defcribed above : its annual produce about 1200 rix-dollars.
3. The commandery of Lieizen in the Circle of Lehn, belonging to
the Middle-Mark, where it has been already defcribed, brings in about 3000
rix-dollars per annum.
4. The commandery of Werben in the Old-Mark, of which notice has
already been taken there. Some aflirm that the produce of this commandery
amounts to 4000 rix-dollars per annum, but others reduce it to 1500. .;
5. The commandery of IVieterJheim, in the Bailiwick of Hausberge, in
tiie principality oi M'tiden, where an account has been given of it, and its
annual produce (hown to exceed 2200 rix-dollars.
6. The commandery oi Supplinburg, in the Dutchy of B;z/;?/k;/V-^ Woljenbuttel,
brings in about 2000 rix-dollars.
Obf. The ancient commanderies of Nemerau Mirau, in the Dutchy of
Mecklenburg, at the peace of Wejlphalia were transferred to the Duke^
of Mecklenburg, but with a claufe that they fliould procure the confent of
the order, and pay the ufual quota to it. Wildejibruch in Fomerania, once
a commandery, was at the fame peace ceded to Sweden.. The commanderies
of Xachau Krakau in the Dutchy of Mecklenburg, Stargard, and
Gartau, have likewife been difmembered from the order,
3. Certain fiefs, fome of which poffibly were from the beginning connedled
as fuch with the order; but moft of them were its own proper
eftates, and have been alienated in fuch a manner, that the Dominium
Direclum only is referved to the order ; among thefe are Dobbernitz^
Leicholz, Little-Gander, Bucholz, 'Liebingen, Matjchdorf, Btfchojsee, Linfee,
Malfo, Selcho, Schonau, Tatnfcl, Warjiicke, Topper, Heinerjdorf, Hackeno,
Tempelberg, Tempelbof, Mariendorf, Marienfield, Riejdorf, Hinderburg, Dorfer,
Zarzig, Wulko, Zalentin, Sucho, the Budenfee, Griefen, Braufijchweig,
Bornin and Gartau.
2. The Dutchy of Crö^«, formerly together with Silefla, was under the
dominion of Poland, but byacontradl made in 1339, betwixt Cafmir the Great
and John King of Bohemia, palled over to the latter, with that country, on
which it was reckoned dependent of the Kings on Bohemia. Duke Hctiry the
XL of G%rt«, to whom Cro^c^;/ belonged, appointed his coupon Barbara,
daughter to Albert Eledor of Brandenburg, his heirefs. And in 1472,
actually gave her and her father an affignment of 50,000 ducats, on the
Dutchy

New-Mark.] GERMANY, 19
Diuchy of Cr^'/z. On his demife In 1476, his widow at firfl remained
in polTefTion of the Dutchy ; but a war breaking out on that account, betwixt
the houfe of Brandenburg and 'John Duke of Sagau^ uncle to Henry
Duke of Glogau in
', 1482 an agreement was made that tlie Dutchy of
CroJJen fliould be mortgaged to the houfe of Brandenburg, on account of
the pecuniary claims which it had on Barbara the Dutciiefs Dowager. In
1538 it was abfolutely ceded to the eledioral houfe of Brandenburg, as a
Bohemian fief, and thereupon annexed to the New-Mark. The feudal
rights both of this Dutchy and all the other lands, circles and towns,
which for many years have belonged to the houfe of Brandenburg, were
for ever annulled by the treaty of peace concluded at Berlin in 1742. The
Dutchy contains in it one hundred and twenty villages, and is divided into
two Circles, which are,
1. The Circle of Cro^v/, containing Croffen, the Circle town, lying oa
the Oder, which at this place is joined by the Bober. Crojfen is the re(idence
of the office of the King's ftewards for the Dutchy thereof, as likewife
of a prefedlurate, and an ecclefiaftic infpedtion. Befides a caftle, here
are two Lutheran churches, and one Cahinijh In it too are fome manufadures
of cloth, and its neighbourhood produces good wine. This town
was burnt down in the years 1459, 82, 1631, and 1708.
2. Eobersberg, an open little town, feated on the Bober, and belonging
to the Diftridl of Großen. This place is celebrated for its earthen ware,
3. Deicho, a village, near which is dug plenty of iron ore, which is
wrought in the iron-mills on the Bober.
4. Sommerfeld, a town belonging to the family of Bredo, and not much
inferior to Xullichaii in its woollen manufadures.
5. Rothenburg, a fmall town belonging to the Counts of Rothenburgs
one line of whom refides at Polniß:) Netko near Rothenburg, the other line
in the village oi Beuthnitz: Each of thefc places has a beautiful fear. The
two lines are likewife proprietors of feveral other eflates and places in thefe
parts.
6. Noble eftates and places, as namely Baudach, Blumberg, Briefnitz,
Cremmersborn, Cunerjdorf, Cu?io, Coßir, Daube, Drebno, Deutfcb-Sager,
Dubero, Fritfchendorf, Gablen^ Gohreu, Griefel, Gierjdorf, Gruno, Grabko,
Gußo, Heideno, Hermfivalde, Kurtfcho, Kuckadel, Liebthal, Leuterfdorf,
Lippen, Logau, Merzdorf, Blauen, Pommerzig, Siebenbeuten, Riefznitz,
Schmachtenhagen, Schonfeld, Schegeln, Seedorf, Radenikel, Serge, Skyren,
Tamo, Topper, Trepko,Tie?nendorf, TreppeIn, TVeiJzig, Wendifch-Wehnnit-x.^
Wofchutz and luettitz.
II. The Zullichau Circle is about a German mile and a half in length,
and one in breadth, containing twenty-three villages. In it is
1. Tjullichau, the Circle town, and the feat of an ecclefiaflical infpedion,
fituated in a low plain, half a German mile's diflance from the Oder, and
D 2 - about

;
20 G E R M A N r. [New- Mark.
about the fame diftance from the Ober. The town itfelf confifts only
of two hundred and fifty houfes, one parifh church, and a grammar fchool
but it has four large fuburbs, namely the Lange Gcijfe, or Long Street,
which confilb of one hundred and twelve houfes, with the new church
and a large orphan houfe, the Grunberg fuburb, and Sajidgaffe of fixty-four
houfes, the Rcyl of fixty-three, and the Neue Gaffe and Schiviebfer, Schificbujfer
GaJJ'e of feventy-four. Without the walls is a feat belonging to his Majefty,
fortified with walls and moats, which feives for the refidence of the King's
receiver of tlie prefc

New-Mark.] G E R M A N T^ 21
4. Almofen, Babo, Bnvensdorf^ Birfchdof, Bohnsdorf, Braßtichcn, Bremen,
Briefen, Buckholz, Cafel, Cattlo, Demsdorf, Dobberig, Driejhitz, Eicho,
Gablenz, Gahlen, Gahry, Gallinchett, Geißndorf, Gohre, Gojzna, Gorsdorf,
Great-Gaglo, Great-Ofzing, Haafo, "Jefen, Ilmersdorf, Little-Dobberr?y
Little-Liiko, Little-Ofzing, Klinge, Koppatz, Kuhren, Knigersdorf, Kumtendorf,
Laß), Laub]tor f\ Leesko, Leuthen, Lindchen, Lubbecho, Lofchdorf,
Mattendorf, Mifchen, Neuhaufen, Peterjhagen, Reffen, Rogofzno, Ruben,
Schlicho, Schorbus, Sergen, Strado, StrauJ'zdorf, Torno, Trebendorj, Werben,
Winddorf,
Woifjarig and Wolkenberg,
Of the Dukes 0/" Saxony, of the Ernest
Line^
in general,
§. !• JT has been already obferved in Vol. V. that Erneß and Albert, Tons
-*•
to Frederickll. Eleftor o{ Saxony, founded two capital lines in the
houfe of Saxony, which lines have been diftinguidied by the title of the
Erne/line and Albert lines. The former of thefe was at firft pofleffed of the
Eledoral dignity, which dignity the Eledtor Ernejl bequeathed to his fon
Frederick the Wife, and he to his fon yohn the Steady, as the latter did alfo to
his fon "John Frederick, who being in 1547, put under the ban, by the
Emperor Charles V. was deprived of the electoral dignity, and all his dominions,
which were conferred on Duke Maurice of the Albert line ; who was
commanded to pay unto the children of the late Eledtor John Frederick, an
annual revenue of 50,000 guilders (each guilder to be reckoned at twentyone
grofchen,) and by way of fecurity to make over to them certain
diflrids, towns, villages and eftates. Thefe were the diflridt oi Gerßungen,
the dill:r

2 2 GERMANY.
[New- Mark.
Teats and villages of Fridebach^ Hummelß^ayti and trunkenboni , the diftrids
of Arfijhaug, W>-yda, and Ziegenruck, wich the convents of Georgenthal^
Heiifzdorf, Reitihardsbrunn, Eltersberg, Ichterßjaujen, Burgel, Laufnitz and
Wallich. The town, caftle and diftrlit of G5/'/6^ were likewife reftored to
the captive Eledior "jfohn Frederick, the Emperor, further declaring that he
would leave his children in the quiet polTeffion of Saaijeld, though legally
efcheated to him, as being an appennage of the crown oi Bohemia. The
unfortunate Eledtor indeed had hopes of recovering his dignity, but herein he
was deceived, and the efforts made for this purpofe on the death of the new
Eledlor ikf(;z«nV^ likewife mifcarried, the dignity devolving to his brother
Auguflus. In 1554 by the mediation of the King of Denmark an agreement
was made at Naumburg betwixt the two lines, by which agreement
not only the hereditary union and compadl of mutual fuccefuon was renewed,
but the Eledlor y^//§-tt/?z«
further ceded to Duke y^ÄwFrfrf't'r/V^ and hisfons, th&
following diftrids, towns and privileges, as namely the diflrids oi Sachfenburg
and Herbißeben, the town o'i'Fenßatt excepted, the diftridl ol Fifenberg, the
villages of FlcmmingeJi and Aldeiiburg, together with Buchholz and the feat,
town and diftrid o{ Altenburg, the high road from Weijfcnfeh and Naumburg
to Eckartsberg excepted, with the boroughs of Luckau and Schmollen.
The imports payable to the Empire by the Saxon territories are divided
among them. The Eledor Augujim likewife ceded to the Frneßine line
his right of redemption in the bailiwick of Koningsberg in Franconia, together
with the enfeoffment, fupreme power, all jurifdidion, obedience and
fubfidies appertaining to him in the bailiwick of Allftett ; and though the
faid Eledor Auguftus conferred on Duke 'John Frederick the title of Eledor
by birth, yet it was on promife that his fons would never affume the title,
nor even that of burggrave of Magdeburg, whilft any feudal male heirs of
the Eledor Auguftia% body were living, and that they would make no
fcruple of refigning unto them fuch titles.
§. 2. On the deceafe of Duke 'John Frederick, the Frneftine right line
became divided into feveral collateral branches, particularly into four, namely
into thofe of Old-Gotha, Altenburg, Weimar and Ncw-Gotha : the two firfl of
thefe are become extind, but the two laft are ftill in being. The founder
of the Old-Gotha line, was John Frederick II. fon to the unfortunate John
Frederick, but taking under his protedion the perfon who had murdered
the bifhop of IFurzburg, even after the Emperor had put him under the
ban, he himfelf in 1566 was declared to have incurred the like punifhment,
and the execution of it committed to the Eledor Auguftus, who in
1567, poffeffed himfelf of the town of Gotha, and fort oi Grimmen ft ein,
and the Duke himfelf being taken prifoner died in 1595, at Steyr in Upper
Auftria. As a fecurity for the payment of the charges of the war, the
Eledor y^/,-^.'//??^; was put in poffeffion of the ducal bailiwicks of //'Vj^i?,
AmßMiig, Ziegenruck and Sachßnburg under the name of the furetvbailiwicks

New-Mark.]
GERMANY.
bailiwicks, and fometime after an abfolute feffion of them was made with all
iheir privileges to the eled:oral line of the Ernejtine line. Of the fons of
Y>\iVA 'John Frederick \\. John Cafimir obtained Cs^wrg-, and John Erncft
Eijenach ; and in thefe two the Old-Gotha line came to a period. The
Altcnhurg line was founded in 1573, by Frederick William I, fon to John
William Duke of Weimar.
23
§. 3. The Weimar line, which is ftill in being, had for its founder y^/j;?
William brother to the unfortunate John Frederickll. In 1566, thefe two
brothers agreed on a partition of their countries into the Weimar and Coburg
parts ; the former of which was transferred to John Frederick II. as being
the elder, and the latter to John William as being the younger, with all
princely fovereignty ; but on the expiration of the laid three years was to
remain unaltered, together with the territories regency and right of holding
courts. Duke John Frederick II. being made a prifoner the following
year, John William did homage for the whole country ; but in 1572,
Gotha Eifenach and Coburg, were reftored to the two ions of the
imprifoned Duke John William. Of thefe Frederick William founded
the Altenhurg line in the manner above mentioned ; and John that of
Weimar, from whom indeed are defcended all the Dukes of the Ernejtine
chief line, now in being. Of his two fons, ^/^/7//V/r//z propagated the Weimar
line, Albert gave beginning to that oi Eifenach, but in him it alfo came to a
period, and Erneft founded the line of Gotha.
§.4. Dake William who propagated the /Ff/V/wr line fucceeded to that part of
the country which had belonged to his brother Duke Albert o{ Eifenach, but
dying in 1662, his fons John Erneft, Adolphm William, John George, and Är-
«(jr^ divided their patrimony and the efcheated territories oi Eijenach znd Altenhurg
among themfelves, each conftituting a particular regency of his own, but
forming one general privy council and chancery, John Erneft propagated the
Weimar line and dying in 1683, was fucceeded byhis fon Duke William Erneft
who increafed his territories by a part of the Altenburg and lena inheritance,
and for the firft time ufed Engem and Weftphalia in his title.
This Prince died in 1728 ; his younger brother Ijüke John Erneft governed
his part of the territories and in 1691, inherited the incomes of iome
parts of the lena divifion, but dying in 1707, was fucceeded by his eldeft
ion Duke Erneft Augujtm, who on the deceafe of the above-mentioned
Duke William Earueft became Sovereign of the whole principality of
Weimar. In 1741, he alfo inherited 7f«j but died in 174S. His Ibn'and
fucceflbr Duke Erneft Auguftm Conftantine, died in 1758 at no great ao-e,
leaving behind him two Princes, one of whom was of pofthumous birth.
The name of the hereditary Prince is Charles Auguftm. Adolphus William
and John George, the above-mentioned fons of Duke William, founded the
Eijenach line. The fecond of thefe furvived thchi{l:,and thus became poflcffed
of the whole principality oi Eifenach. This Prince was fucceeded by his
3 fon

24 GERMANY. [New-Mark.
Ton John William, who was followed by his fon Duke William Henry the
laft of the Eifenach line, and on his death in
1741, the principality oiEijenach
devolved to the line of Weimar. Beriibard the above-mentioned fon of
Duke William founded a new line, but this came to a period in his fon
'John Williajn, who died in 1690.
§. 5. The modern line or prefent Gc//j^ branch of the Erneftine line owes
its origin to the above-mentioned (§. 3.) Duke Eineft the Pious, who was
an excellent Prince. At firft indeed he only polTcffed the bailiwicks oi Gotha,
Tenneberg, Georgintha and the SchaiJarzwald, Reinhardibrun, Wachfenburg
khterjhaiifen, Konigiberg and Tondorf; but in 1644, on the death
of his brother Albert, inherited one half of the principality of Eifenach,
and in 1672 fucceeded Frederick William in the principalities oi Altenburg
and Coburg, but generoufly made over a fourth part of thefe principalities to
the Weimar line. He died in 1675, leaving his three Imperial principalities '
oi Gotha, Altenburg and Cu^wr^, with his independent part of the county and
principality of Henneberg to his {tvtn fons, who, at firft, purfuant to their
father's injundion, ruled jointly, but in 1680 made a partition of them.
By thefe means each had a particular territory of his own, fome with all
the fovereignty of the Empire, but others with only certain regalia. The
eldeft of theie n^med Duke Frederick obtained the beft part and was
ruling Lord. Duke Albert had for his fliare Coburg, and Duke Bernard
Meinungen with all fovereignty, and that too independent ; Duke Henry
polTcffed the bailiwicks and towns of Romhild and Königsberg, the latter of
which he afterwards ceded by a particular contradt, to Duke Henry of
Hildburghaufen) together with the bailiwick of Behrungen MHz farm and
Echter fief, which had become vacant. To Duke Ch/'iftian were affigned
the bailiwicks and towns of £{/e«^^r^, Kotineburg, Roda and Camburg; to
Duke Ernejl thofe of Heldburg, Hildburgß-aufen, Eiszfeld, Veilsdorf and
Schalkau : Duke John Erneß obtained for his fliare, the bailiwick, abbey
and town of Salfeld, together with the bailiwick and town of Grejenthal, as
alfo the bailiwick of Zella and the town oi Lebßen : likewife by a particular
agreement he obtained afterwards the town of Pojneck. Concerning the
difputes which arofe on Duke Albert's death relative to the devolution of
be given under the principality o( Coburg.
Coburg, an account of them fhall
§. 6. With refpecf to the feveral lines into which that of Gotha has
been divided, we fhall here briefly remark that
Frederick the Firft reigning Duke of Gotha was fucceeded by his fon
Frederick II. whom together with all the Princes of this houfe, the Emperor
in 1676 declared to be of age, on the conclufion of their eighteenth year.
This Prince likewife introduced the right of primogeniturelhip here, and
died in 1732, leaving for fucceffor, his fon Duke Frederick III. who is
the prefent reigning Prince of that houfe.
Bernard ruling Duke of Meinungem, firft lived at Hildburgßmtifen, but
afterwards

New-Mark.] GERMANY, ^5
afterwards removed his refidence to Meinungen. In 1706 lie was fucceeded
by his fonDuke Erneß Lewis, who had for fucceflor his fon Y)\ik& Anthony
Ulrich the prefent reigning Prince. The territories of this line, chiefly
belong to the. circle of Franconla as being a part of the county and principality
of Henncberg (fee before Vol. V.)
Duke Henry founded the Romhild line, but this failed with him in the
year 17 10. The Elfenberg line commenced with Duke Chrijtian, but came
to a period in his perfon in 1707.
Duke Erneft was the founder of the Hllburgß:aufen line, which at firft
was called that of Eisfeld. By his wife, Sophia Henrietta daughter to
Prince George Frederick of Waldcck, he added to his houfe the lordfhip of
Cuylenburg in Ge/derland. This Prince was fucceeded by his fon Duke
Erneß Frederick and he again in 1748, by his fon Duke Ernefl Frederick
Charles, the prefent reigning Duke oi Htldburgjhaufen.
Duke ^ohn Erlieft was the founder of the Saalfeld line, after whofe
death in 1729, his fons Duke Chrlftlan Erneft and Francis fofias governed
jointly. The former of thefe dying in 1745 the latter became fole regent,
and removed his refidence from Salfeld to Coburg, This Prince is the
prefent reigning Duke of Saalfeld.
§, 7. The title alTumed by all the Dukes of the Erneftlne line is : Dukes
of Saalfeld, Jullers, Cleve and the Berg, as alfo of Engern and Weftphalla ;
Landgraves of Thurlngla, Marggraves of Mlfnla, Princes and Counts of
Henneberg, Counts of the Marche and Kavensberg and Lords of Kavetifeln^
to which the Gotha houfe adds alfo Lords oiHonna. Their arms in general
refemble thofe
of the ele

2ß GERMANY. [Weimar.
§. 10. All the feveral branches of the Erneftme chief line, hold in common,
1. The enfeoffment in all principalities and territories. 2. The title and
arms. 3. The diredory of aflairs concerning the Empire and Circle.
4. The reverfion of the counties of IJhiburg and Büdingen. 5. The univerfity,
the court of juftice, and the Schoppaiftuhl at Jena. 6. The gold
and filver mine work.s. 7. The archive of Weimar. 8. The enfeoffment
of the Counts and Nobles. They all likewife profefs Lutheranifm, which
is
the prevailing religion among their fubjedts.
The Principality o/' W E i m A R.
§. I. A Delineation of the principality of Weimar is to be met with in
-*^ the maps of the landgravate of Thuringia, and in thofe likewife of
Eaß-Thiiringia, publiflied by Homann's heirs ; the former in 1738, and the
latter in 1747
; which maps, in the Atlas of Germany, conftitute the fiftyfirfl
and fifty-fifth, but the latter is the moft ufeful.
§. 2. Of courfe therefore it lies in Thuri?igia, and its fituation is along
the Ilm, which after traverfing the whole length of this principalitv, lofes
itfelf in the Saale, in which alfo fome parts of this principality terminate.
Its length, as taken in its utmoft extent, and including alfo that part of the
countries which formerly belonged to the Jena line, is about fix German
miles, and its greateft breadth five 5 but confiderable portions of this principality
arc detached from the main body.
§. 3. To the V/ei^nar diets are fummoned the Princes of Schwarzburg^
with the Nobility and Kanzkyfafzige towns.
§.4. The Duke of Saxe-Weimar, by virtue of the principality ofthat
name, is poffefTed of two votes both in the diet of the Empire, and likewife
in that ol Lower Saxony.
§. 5. The colleges under the Prince are the privy council, the regency
and chancery, with the confiftory, the treafury, and provincial college.
§. 6. The principality confifts of the following towns and bailiwicks, viz.
I. Of the town and bailiwick of Weimar.
Weimar, the capital and refidence of the Prince, lies in a valley on the
river Ilm, being but fmall. The new palace here called the Wilhcmiburg^
was built by Duke William IV. by whom it was begun in 1651. In this
palace, is the Duke's library, which is very valuable, with the archives of
ail the Dukes of Saxony of the Erne/lineWne, a Mujceiim, a cabinet of medals,
and a gallery of paintings. The church belonging to it is known by the name
of the Himmchbiirg, and contains in it two tombs of princes. The old or
red palace was built by Dorothea Sujdnna, widow to Duke "John William,
who made it the perpetual place of her refidence, till his death. This palace
joins to the former. The Gartenhaus is a pleafure-houfe here, wherein
3
Duke

Weimar.] GERMANY, 27
Duke^ö/j« Erneß, in the year 1638, refided for a confiderable time. The
town church has always for its minifter the fupcrintendent general of the
principality oi Weimar. At the foot of its great altar lie interred theEledor
'yoh?i Frederick and his confort, and in it alfo is the hereditary vault of the
princes. The fecond parilL church here isthat of St. 'James. The fcminary
was founded in 1726, by Duke William Erneß, who, in 171 2, raifed
the grammar fchool io Sigy7nnajium, which, in honour of him, was called
Wtlhehno-Eniejlirnan. The houfe of correöion and the orphan-houfe were
built in 1 71 3. The Empqror Otho II. held a diet here in the year 975.
In 1299 almofl all this town was deflroyed by fire, and in 1424 one half
of it was burnt down. In 161 3 it fuffered extremely by a dreadful inundation.
In 1 61 8 another terrible fire broke out here. Anciently it belonged
to a branch of the Counts oi Orlamunde. In 1569 Duke John
William ctdiQd. to the town, for a valuable confideration, the hereditary
jurildidion over it, together with certain privileges of feifure in criminal
cafes, within its precindt.
On an eminence on the other fide of the ///;/, ftands the eld Burg or
Hornßein, in which the Weimar branch of the Counts oi' Orlamunde reCided.
2. Ettersburg, a village containing a hunting feat, belonging to the princes.
3. Mejlingen, Mollingen, or Melding, a village fituated on the //;;?, and
formerly containing a market, and once even Ifiled a town. This place
alfo anciently gave name to a family of diflindion.
4. The vogtey of Magdela, containing
Magdela or Madela, a market town, which had formerly lords of its
own, who aflumed their name from hence. Afterwards this town came
to the Counts oi Orlamunde, who in 1428 mortgaged it to Henry Count of
Echivarzburg ; but in the year 1480, it was again redeemed by William\\\.
Duke of 6'ßXö«_)'. .
In 1663, fifty dwelling houfes were burnt down here.
In 1
582 a convention for the hereditary jurifdidion was entered into between
the magiflracy of this town and the bailiwick of Weimar, and receryed the
confirmation of the regency at Weimar.
The villages of Dobriijchcn^ Little or Windifch-Schvabbaufen, Ottßatty
Gottern, and Little-Lohma.
Buttßatt or Buttflett, afmall place, fituated on the Loffe, and containing
a fuperintendency. In the year 1408, the Landgrave Frederick the Mild
confirmed on it the right of jurifdidion and adminiftration within its territory.
In 1684 the greateft part of it was deftroyed by fire. Formerly
eighteen or twenty thoufand head of cattle have been brought here from
Poland and Hungary to its beafl fair. To it belongs at prcfent the ruined
village of Wenige):- Puttfiatt.
II. The Bailiwic^k of Upper-Weimar, containing
Upper-Weimar, a villoge fituated on the Ihn.
Belvedere, a feat. of the princes, lying about half an hour's diftance from
E 2
Weimar J

28 GERMANY. [Weimar.
Weimar, and built by Duke Erneß Augußm. The gardens here are very
beautiful,
particularly the green-houfc.
Ehringsdorf and Umpferftett,
both villages.
III. The Bailiwick oi CmmJdGrf, in which lies
I. Great-Cramjdorf or Cromjdorf, a village lituated on the Ihn, with a
feat in it belonging to the Prince.
Ltttle-Cramjdorf, SchondorJ' and Wiegejtdorf, all villages.
IV. The Bailiwick of KappeI!endorJ\ containing,
1. Kappellendorf or K^ppehidorf, alfo called Kappendorf, a village, which
was formerly a town, with a Cijiercian nunnery, and a palace. About the
year 1202 this place belonged to the Bui graves of X'zr^'A^^fr^ ; in 1346 or
1352 it came to the town o? Erfurt, which mortgaged it together with
the bailiwick, to the family oi Witzthiim, and in 1508, transferred it redeemably
in confideration of the fum of 8000 gold guilders, to Frederick
Eledlor of Saxony, and his brother Duke j^b/j;/. In 1534, 4000 guilders
being added to the mortgage money, in confideration thereof the place
and bailiwick were annexed to the houfe of Saxe, and in 1667 the magifl:racy
of Erfurt alfo made an abfolute and hereditary ceflion of it to the
houfe of Weimar.
2. The villages of Frankendorf, Hammerflett, Hollßett, G^-eatSwabhaiifai^
Hernßett, and Stober.
V. The Bailiwick of Berka, which was formerly a Lordfliip, and contains
in it
Berka, a fmall town, fituated on the Ihn. In the years 1605 and 1608,
Duke John purchafed this place of the family of Witzleben, who held it as
an arrier fief of the Counts of Gleichen, and not far from it (lands a palace.
In 143 I the town itfelf was almoft totally confumed by fire, and in 1674
a confiderable part of it fufiered by the fame calamity. In it formerly
ftood a convent.
St. Georgen Zu Miinchen,
formerly a convent.
'Ta7inroda, a fmall town, having a feat on the Um, and once belonging
to a family which took its name from it ; afterwards this place paffed to the
family of Witzthum, and from them to the Bunau, but at length came to
the Prince of ^'öÄ'i?. In 1537 and 1551, it v\'as almoft intirely deftroyed
by fire. In 1680 it was added, with the villages of Eichelborn and Neuendorf,
to the bailiwick of Berka.
VI. The Bailiwick of Bretnbach and Hardißeben, which from the year
1650 to 1673 was mortgaged to the family of Vffeln. In it are
The villages of Great-Brembach and Olberßeben, the latter of which was
anciently called Alhrechtßeben, fituated on the Lojfe.
Hardißeben, a church -village alfo lying on the hoffe, and containing a palace
of the Prince's, with the bailiwick-houfe, which, in 1679, were all burnt
down, together with the church, parfonage and fifty-one dvvelling-houfes.
Rajpenburg^

Weimar.] GERMANY, 29
Rafpenbwg, a fmall town, having a caftle feated on an eminence near
the river Lojfe. In the year 1491 this place obtained its charter, and in
1636 was almoft totally deftroyed by fire.
Dt'uftleben and Mannßett, two villages fituated on the LoJJe.
Biitteljtett or Botteljtett, a fmall town, containing a palace, formerly belonging
to the Counts of Orlamunde, and the Lords of IVeimar, from
whom in 1 346 it came to Frederick Landgrave of Tburingia. In the year
1434 this town was mortgaged to the family of Gottfarth j in 1458 ceded
redeemably to the family of Maiifebach, and in 1 544 redeemed by the
Elector "John Frederick. In 1671; it fuffered by fire.
VII. The fenior amt of Oldisßeben, which was formed out of a
convent of BenediSlifie Monks of that name. This convent was founded in
io8g by Adelheida, confort to Lewis Count of Tburingia. The ancient
building belonging to it is at prefent converted into a farm, in which is
the bailiwiclc-houfe ; and in 1641 the revenues of the bailiwick were
afligned to the fenior of the Frnejtine chief line of the houfe of Saxony^
but the fovereignty belongs to Saxe-JVeimar.
The town of Oldißeben is well built, and ftands on a hill, at the foot of
which runs the Unjtrut.
VIII. The Vogtey of Gebftetf, once belonging to the Jena line, and
containing in it the following villages, viz.
Gebßctf, Neußett, Schivcibßorf, and Reifdorf.
IX. The Bailiwick of Rojzla, which fell to Saxe-Weimar on the deceafe
of Frederick William III. Duke of Altenbiirg. To this bailiwick belong
I. The villages oi Nidor z\\^ Upper-Rofala, in the former of which is
the bailiwick-houfe and a palace on the Ihn, and at the latter alfo a manorhoufe.
Thefe places with fome other villages formerly belonged to the
Lords of Rofzla.
Suiza, a fmall town feated on the Ilm, and the greateft part of which,
in the years 1541 and 1682, was confumed by fire. The falt-work near
this town belongs to the houfe of Saxe-Gotha.
VVtckerßctt ,
a village lying on the Ilm.
X. The Bailiwick of Heußzdo}-f, formerly belonging to the Jefia line,
and containing under it the village oi Hufzdorf, in which formerly flood a
convent, with the villages o^ Neuendorf, Her7'elend, Steden, and Stebritz.
XI. The Bailiwick of Dornburg, alfo belonging formerly to the Jena
line, and containing under it
Dornburg, a fmall town fituated on a rocky hill on the Saale, with a
caftle and a fuperintendency. In the year J717 this place futfered greatly
by fire. It belonged anciently to Wiprecbt of Groitzfch. Many erroneoufly
attribute the ftory of the caftle of Dornburg in the principality of Anhalt
to this Dornburg, nf which we are here t.catiny;.
Dorndorf, a vlüv-e fituated below Domburg, and lying on the Saale,
Over which it hab a bridge, together with The

.
30 GERMANY, [Weimar.
The villages of Oberndorf, Great and Little -Romfiett, &c.
XII. The Bailiwick oi BürgeI, ahb once belonging to the Jena line, and
containing under it
Burgelin, a little walled town, fituated on Gi'iffa water, and confifting
of two hundred hüufes wah fubiubs and a caftle. This place is alfo the
leat of a luperintcndency. In the years 1638, 1663, 1682, it fuifered
greatly by fire.
Thai Burgel, a church village, lying in a vale below the town of Burgel,
and formerly containing a Benedidine abbey. To its church, exclufive of
other places, is annexed, i. Gmebejdorf, iogahtv with the village, a demefne
eftate and a farm. 2. Zetzdorfy with its village, manor and free eflate.
3, The manor of Beilbar.
The villages of Bobeck^ JValdcck, Upper and Littk-Lobichau, Taupadel,
a^nd the manor of Wagmi.
'
XIII. The following Pflcges or jurifdidions : viz.
1. Doitficttpflege, to which belong the villages oi Dentjtctt on the llm,
RcdigsdorJ,
Sch'wabfdorf and Siißenborji.
2. Swerjtett^ containing the villages oiSwerftetf, Krautheim and Heigendorf.
3. New- Mark- Pflege, fituated in the little town of A't'w-Af^ir/(', which,
till the year 1181, was- a village called Werder.
4. The Bailiwick of Apolleda, having its feat at
Apolleda or Apolda, commonly called Apolle^ a fmall town, but .of
great antiquity, formerly belonging to the Schenks^ and afterwards poffeffed
by the Witzthiimcs. On the deceafe of Anthony Frederick Witzthuniy
the lafl of the Apolda line, this place efcheating to the Dukes of Saxony in
the year 1633, they conferred it on the univerfity oi Jena, whofe property
it ftill continues. In 1570 a confiderable part of it was dellroyed by iire.
5. The jurifdidion oi Wormßett .
6.. That of Eberßett, on the Ilm.
y. The jurifdidion oi Ofmanßctt and Vlrichßi^alben, alfo lying on the Ilni.
8. The jurifdidion o^ Rohrbach, formerly called Rohrbich.
9. The jurifdidion of Giuhmamhauf'cn or Juttenhatifen^ fituated on the
^'/"-
10.
.....
The jurifdidion oi Dafdorf.
I X .
The jurifdidion of Steten.
12. Balljiett, Hotteljlett and Ottmanfiaiifen, jointly forming a Pflege.
13. T\-\e.]üT\id\(X\on oi Walleben.
14. That oi Mechelroda.
1 5. That of Tro?nlitz.
16. That of Syuderßett, to which belong the villages of Upper and
LjOiver-Synderjlett
Obf. The Princes of Schnvarzburg fit in the Weimar diet, by virtue of
theLordfliip of Aj-njtatf, the town iÄ Plauen , the bailiwick oi Kafernburg,
th^

Eifenach.] GERMANY. 31
the feudal parts of Tanncrod, and the arrear fief of Erfurt, which tliey
hold as fiefs of the houfe of Saxe-lVeimar ; on account alfo of thefe they
likewife pay annually to Weimar the fum of 3500 rix-dollars in three
payments. In all ecclefiaftical contefts at law, appeals lie to the upper coniiflory
at Weimar, and all civil cafes may be moved from the Schwarzburg
regency at Arnftatt to the provincial regency at Weimar. Of thefe fiefs
an account will be given in the fequel under the article Schwarzburg.
The Principality
^j/'Eisenach.
§. I.
C\^ the principality of Eifenach, Hamann has publiOied a map, which
^^ conftitutes the fifty-fourth in his Atlas of Germany.
§. 2. This principality lies in 'Thuringia, and therein moftly along the
Werra, and on the frontiers of Heffe ; fonie part of it alfo lies on the Saale, and
that not far from the TJnftrut ; a fmaller part of it likewife ftands on the
Gera. The face of the country is mountainous and woody, and it bears
fo little grain, that the inhabitants are fupplied with that article from other
places. The moft fertile parts in it are the bailiwicks of Alftett and Great-
Rudefiett. The neighbourhood oi Jena and fome other trads here yield
wine. It has alfo mines of copper and iron, together with fome of ailum
and vitriol ; and in the bailiwick of Krenzburg are fome fait fprings.
§. 3. The inhabitants of this principality are Lutherans. Among the
nobility are feveral families of great antiquity, as namely that of Hcrda,
JJtterode, Wangenheim, Harfialle, 6cc. ;.
§. 4. The Duke of Saxe-Weimar fits and votes in the diets of the Empire
and Upper- Saxony, as Prince oi Eifenach.
§. 5. The colleges for the various parts of government in this principality
refide st Eifenach, and are compofed of the regency, the treafury, the
upper confiflory, the tax and mine-offices. At jena is a confiflory for the
Eifenach quota,
in the contribution of the fena territories.
§. 6. The Bailiwicks into which this principality is divided, are
1. The BaiHwick of £//l77i7rZ'. To it belongs
Eifmach, the capital of the principality, lying on the Neffe, which at
this place receives into it the Horfel. The Prince's palace here was confiderably
enlarged by Duke fohn Erne/I, and in 1709 Duke John William
added a Hately front ro it. The' old council-houfe near St. George's houfe
was in 159S eredied into the court of chancery, in v/hich the above-mentioned
colleges have their meetings ; but the flates of the country afiemble
in the prefent council-houfe. Eijenach is alfo the feat of the general fuperintcnJency
for the principality. In the year 1707 the town fchool was
railed to a gyviinafiuni ; befides which here is aifo a leminary of divines,
with

32 GERMANY. [Eifenach.
v/ith an orphan-houfe. In 1343, 1617, and 1635, the greatefl: part of this
place was deflroyed by fire.
Wartburg, aUb called IVarlenburg, Wartberg, and JVartetiberg, an old
caflle, fitiuited on a mountain near E'lfaiacb, and built by Leivis II. Landgrave
of Thuringia. This caflle wai. for a long time the refidence of the
Landgraves; but devolving with T^hanngia to the Marggraves oi Mifnia,
was at firft made the manfion of the buliwick officers, but afterwards, namely
under Duke 'John Erneß, the burg-vogt or caftellan, was appointed to be
keeper of it, and the feat of the bailiwick removed to Eifenach. It has
now for a long time been without any garrifon. This is the place where,
in 152/, LaZ/j^r fuffered eleven months confinement.
JVilhelmlihal, a feat of the Prince's, fituated in a park.
Ruhla, a large village, famed for its knives. Only one half of this village
belongs to the bailiwick, the other half being the property of the bailiwick
of 'Tenneberg. The Ruhla chalybeat water is fomething better than that
of Pyrmont.
II. The Bailiwick of XV-t'w/zfor^, containing under it
1. Kreutzburg or Krentzberg, a town, having a caftle. This town lies on
the JVerra, over which it has a flone bridge, leading out of Thuringia to
Caffel and other places. In the year 1295 it was befieged and laid in aflies
by the Emperor Adolphus. Near it is
2. Wilhelm s Ghuhbrunn, a fait work.
3. The jurifdiöioa of ATrfr/^y/^/j/*?, having its feat at
Markjuhla, a market town, fituated on the little river Suhl, with a caftle
belonging to it, which fome Dukes of Saxony made their refidence.
4. The jurifdidion oi Burkardtroda, having its feat in the village of that
name, not far from Markfuhla.
III. The Bailiwick of Gcrßungen, containing
Gerßungen, a market town, lituated on the Werra, and anciently belonging
to the abbey of Fulda.
The villages of Loiver-Suhla, Pojferoda, SuJJhy Sec.
and
Haus Breitenbach, on the Suhl,
Berka on the Werra, a fmall town, belonging in common to the Duke
of Weimar, and the Landgrave of HeJJe Cajjel ; but Saxe-Weimar is peculiarly
poffefled of the fovereignty, contributions, and fome other rights.
The Heßan part is held of the abby, now the principality, of Hersfeld, to
which it belongs.
IV. The Bailiwick of Tiefenort, which was mortgaged about the year
1407, by the abby of Hersfeld to the Landgrave of Thuringia, feveral noble
families of whom, as namely, thofe of Meifeburg, Skpfgarten, Niedefel,
Goldacker, and Boinebiirg, together with the Counts oi Bichlingen, alfo have
fucceffively held it as a fief, and fome even acquired it by purchafe. In the
year 1588, by the mediation of the Landgrave William of Heffe^ an agreement

Eifenach.]
GERMANY.
ment was concluded at Fridewald, between the Dukes of Saxony and the
abby of Hersfeld, by virtue of which the mortgage on this bailiwick was to
be difcharged, on confideration of their ceding to the houfe o{ Wallenburg
the fixth part of the town, bailiwick and vogtey of Trefurt, with the
Saxon fhare of Hade7-holz, and a fum of money amounting to 3000 rixdollars.
To it belongs,
liefenort or tiefendorf, a parochial-village, fituated on the Werra, with
a farm and the bailiwick-office.
Creyenberg, a ruined caftle, ftanding on a mountain, and from which
the bailiwick once took its name.
Kiefelbach, Markers, Ettenhaufen, and Dorndorf, all parochial villages.
V. The bailiwick of Great-Rudeßett and Ringleben, containing,
I. Great-Rudeftett, a village, fituated on the little river Gramm, and formerly
belonging to the Counts of Beichlingen, who, in the year 1322, fold
it to the abby of our Lady at Erfurt. By the latter it was transferred with
right of redemption to the magiflracy of Erfurt, who held it for feveral
years, and would not permit it to be redeemed ; on which the Eleftor
'John Frederick, in 1535, caufed it to be wrefted from them by force of arms,
but in 1553 reftored it to them. His fon 'Duke John Frederick in 1559
again made himfelf mafter of it, and it continued in his houfe, to which,
in 1667, the magiflracy oi Erfurt alfo granted letters of confirmation.
2. Mark Vippach, a country town, belonging to the demefne.
3. Bechßett, a demefne.
4. Ringleben, a town, fituated on the Gera.
5. Mittelhaufen, a village, lying on the narrow Gera, and in which
anciently was held the fupreme tribunal of the country of Thurifigia, or
the Dingßhul of the Landgraves.
6. The vogtey of Schwanfee, the feat of which is in the village of
Schwanfee. To this vogtey have likewife been added the feveral communities
of the village of Brembach.
VI. The Lordfhip oi Famroda, otherwife called Farreni-cda, and Farroda,
fituated at a fmall diflance from Eifenach, and belonging to the Burgraves
of Kirchberg, who were firft invefled with it in the year 1532, by the
Eledlor fohn Frederick. The Burgraves appoint their own conliflory here,
but in other re^fpedls this Lordfliip is under Saxe-Eifenach. To it belongs,
Farnroda, a caftle and village, once the refidence of the Burgraves : but
on their acquiring a part of the county of Sayn in the Circle of Wefphalia^
they removed to Hachenbiirg,
The villages of Eichrod, on the little river Horfel, together with thofe
of Hachenroda or Huchroda, Seebach or Sibach, and Wuta,
VII. The town and Bailiwick of fena, formerly belonging to the "Jena
line. In it is
I . fena, a town, lying not far from the Saale, which alfo wafhes it on
Vol. VI. F the
33

;
GERMANY.
[Eifcnach.
the Eajt and South fides. This place hes in a pleafant vale, among eminences,
producing great quantities of wine. It forms an oblong fquare,
an J is lurrounded with moats, walls, and high towers. Its court of jufticc,
Schoppenftuhl, and celebrated univeifity (the laft of which was firft founded
in 1548, and confecrated in 1558) belong in common to the whole
Enieiihie line. Here is alio a confiflory for the Saxc-Eijcfiacb lliare of the
Jena terr.tories, with a fuperintendency, a Latin and German fociety cf
good reputation, and a Latin free fchool. In the Prince's palace onp,e refided
the collateral Jena line of the chief branch of Saxe-lVeifnar. Near
thiS palace lies the bailiwick-houfe. The town church of St. Michael has
for its miniller the fuperintendent. The publick buildings belonging to
the univerfity are the refectory, the confiftory, the obfervatory, the univerfity
church, the Ccllcgiian, the Thcologicum, the library, (which is very
copious and valuable) the phyfick garden,, and a tower intended for academical
ufes. The univerfity is proprietor of the bailiwick of Reinda, of
which more hereafter, and likewife of Apolkda, in the principality of
V/cimar. The town itfelf has four fuburbs : to the weft of it lies the
fuburb before St. Johns, gate, in which is a church and an orphan-houfe
fouthward lies the fuburb without the Lobergate ; eaftward is the fuburb
before the Saalgate, and northward that before the port wherein are the
Prince's gardens, cellar, ball-houfe, and other edifices. A delightful row
of trees has been planted round the moats from the Lober to the Saal gate,
and from thence to the port, which has been continued to almoft oppofite the
Keihhurm.
To the town likewife belong the bridge villages, as they are called, of
Jena-Lobnitz, and Ojmeritz. The latter lies on the weft-fide and the former
on the eaft of the Saale.
2. The bailiwick, which is divided into the Upper and Lower.
I. To the upper bailiwick oi Jena, which was formerly called the bailiwick
of Lobeda and Burgau, belongs
Lobcda, a fmall town, lying about half a German mile from Jena, together
with the caftles of Upper, Middle and Under-Lobdeburg ; of which
the laft only remains at prefent, and belongs to the bailiwick; the other two
being now included in that of Leucbtenhurg, in the principality of Altenburg.
The old Lords of Lobdeburg were a branch of the Counts of Arnßoaug.
Burgau, a caftle and village, feated on an eminence on the Saale. This
place was formerly the feat of a bailiwick, but has been incorporated with
that of Wind and Gleijzberg, which, for diftindlion fake, is called the upper
bailiwick of Jena.
The villages of Ammerbach, Buchau, Little-Grobitz, Leutra, Maue,
Muncheroda, NenJdorJ, Rotenjlein, Schorbau, Winzerle, and Upper and Lower
JVolnitz. From the laft runs a valley with pretty high mountains on
each fide, out_^of one of which iffues a fpring, called the Furßenbrunn or
Frincei

;
Eifenach.] GERMANY. 35
Princes fpring, which was (o named by the Eleftor "John Frederick, on his
fitting down by it, when fatigued with hunting. The water of this fpring
is clear and bright, and at its fource, free from all argillaceous particles
but at the diftance of a musket-fhot or two, having paffed along a bed of
folid clay, any thing laid in it, fuch as wood, roots, herbs, ftones, Ö*r. within
three months become incrufted with a whitifh loom.
2. To the lower bailiwick formerly called the Wind and Gleisberg,
belong the villages of Brifnitz, Beutnitz, Camjdorf, GolmfdorJ\ Lafen,
Lobcrjchitz, Naura, Rodegaß and Ziegenhayn, the laft of which lies below
the ruined caftle of Kirchberg, &c.
Obf. Among others, here are alfo the following ruined caftles or feats,
viz. I. Gieisberg, to which belonged a county giving name to a family,
2. Kirchberg, feated at the end of a long and high mountain, called the
Schlofz and Hausberg. A tower of this caftle, is flill remaining under the name of
the Foxe's Town, h is from hence that the Burgraves of Kirchberg derive their
family name. On this mountain likewifethey had two other caftles, namely,
3. Windberg, the principal place of their refidence, which flood between
the other two caftles, and, ä^.Greiffberg ftandingon the peak of the mountain.
VIII. The lordftiip, or, as it is now called, the bailiwick of Remda, formerly
belonging to the Counts of G/t'/f/^^«. In the year 163 i, this lordftiip devolved
as a vacant fief to the Dukes of Saxony, of the Rr7ießijie line, who
conferred it on the Univerfity of "Jencu In it is
Remda, a fmall town containing a feat
IX. The bailiwick ol Allftett, lying between that o^ Sangerbatifen in the
deflorate of Saxcny, the principality of Sluerfurt and the bailiwick of
Bockßedt in the county of Mansfcld. This diftridt anciently belons^ed to
Saxon palatinates, of whom we fliall here add a few things. It was
formerly only a tradl of land about AUjtett, ^crfurt and Eißebcn, over
which the Kings and Emperors appointed a Pfalzgrave. King Henry I.
nominated Burkhard Pfalzgrave of Saxony, and the Emperor Henry III.
conferred this dignity on Dedo, Count of Go/eck, in whcie family it continued
hereditarily. But the Pfalzgrave Frederick, being (lain in battle in the
year 1056, the Emperor Henry IV. appointed the Count of Sommerßburg his
fuccefiTor. The faid Pfalzgrave's fon, however, of the fame name, retained a
part of his father's dominions, together with the title ; which his daughter
Sophia alfo brought to her hufband Hermann, Landgrave of Thuringia.
That part of the palatinate pofiefled by the Counts of Sommerßebiirg, came
in 1 180, on the death of the Pfalzgrave Albert to Lewis, Landgrave oi' Thuringia,
who appears to have obtained that dignity from Hnry the Lion, as
Duke of Saxony and not from the Emperor. Thus the Landgraves of
Thuringia arrived to the pofieiTion of the whole palatinate ; but on their
failure in the perfon of the Landgrave Henry Rafpo, in the year 1247, Heiiry
the Il'ußrious, Marggrave of A/zy^/Vz pofkücd himfelf both ßf the palatinate .
F 2
and

:
3^ GERMANY, [Eifenach.
and the landgravate of Thuringia, by virtue of the reverfion obtained by him
but on the death of the Emperor Rodolphus I. this Marggrave inverted with
of the Afcanian hue, the Marggraves
the palatinate his fon-in law Albert II.
of Mijnia ftill retaining a part of the palatinate and bearing alfo the title
and arms. This gave birth to the erroneous notion of two palatinates,
namely, one in I'huringia and the other in iiaxony, wherpas no fuch palatinate
as the former ever exifted, though there feems to be fuch a one in
the arms of Saxony. It is remarkable, however, that to this very day the
Dukes of Saxony of the Ajccinian family, ftyle themfelves Dukes of
Brunfwick and the Palatinate. On what account Duke Henry the Admirable
bore this title, has not yet been fufficiently made to appear, but Duke
Magnus the Pious was adually, and that too not without folemnity,
inverted with the palatinate by Leizis IV. though on the extinction of the
Dukes of Saxony, of the Afcanian V\v\e, the Emperor Sigißnund in 1422,
conferred both the electorate and palatinate of Saxony, as a fief, on
Frederick Marggrave of Mifiua and Landgrave of T'huringia. Though
the Eledtors of Saxony alfo do not include the palatinate of Saxony in their
title, yet are they exprefly inverted with it by the Emperors.
To return to the bailiwick of Allftett : In it is
1. Allftett alfo called Altftadt, a town and cartle of very great antiquity.
Divers records of the Emperor Otho are ftill in being, which are dated
from his palace in this town, and in 974 he alfo held a Diet here. It
came, together with the palatinate of Saxony, to the Counts Gojeck, after
that to the Counts of Sommerfeburg, and next to ths houfe of AJcanian.
Rodolphus II. Eledlor of Saxotiy, and a branch of that houfe, being
invefted with this place in 1363, by the Emperor Chaj-lesW. in 1369, he
transferred it as an arriere fief to Gebhard, Count of ^crjurt. In 1422
the Emperor Sigifmund conferred the houfe and palatinate of Allftett, on
the new Eledor Frederick the Valiant, of the houfe of Mijj'nia, and in
1496, on the death of the laft Lord of ^erjiirt, his defendants arrived
to the entire poffeffion of the place. In the partition made between the
Dukes Albert and Erneft it fell to the latter as Eledor, and by the Eledtor
"John, was given to the Counts of Mans/eld in lieu of their claims to
Saalfeld. By the compact oi Naumburg in 1554, the Frneftine chief line,
acquired a right of redeeming the town and bailiwick oi Allßett, which
right accordingly took place. On this it devolved to the line oi Saxe-Weimar,
and by a fubfequent partition to Duke Bernard of Saxe-Jena, but on the
death of his fon 'John William to Saxe-Eifenach. In it is a liiperintendency.
2. The villages ot Eifidorf, Enzingen, Heigendorf, Kalbfrieth, Landgrafen,
or Schweins-Roda, Mittelhaufen, Monchspfffel, Nauendorf, Lcwer-Reblingen,
Niklafriethy
SchafsdorJ and Winkel.
The

Coburg.] GERMANY. 37
Ithe Principality ö/* C o B u r g,
In its
moft comprehenfive fenfe.
§. r. 'TpHE principality of Coburg, or the Coburgifche Pflege is to be
•- found in H.omann% map of the principalities of Gotha, Coburg
and Attenbiirg, and likewife in that of the county of Hetmeberg, with the
contiguous principality of Coburg. The former of thefe conftitutes the
fifty-third map in the Atlas of Germany, and the latter the feventieth.
§. 2. It lies indeed to the fouth-eafl: of the foreft of Thuringia, which
has always been reckoned the boundary of the territories of Franconia^
or T'huringia, and thus is fituated of courfe in Francoiiia ; but belongs to
Upper-Saxony. To the North it terminates on the county of Schwarzburg,
eaftvvard on the diocefe oi Bamberg, fouthward on that oi Wurzburg,
and weftward on the county of Henneberg.
§. 3. The foil here is fertile, particularly in that part of it called Landgenberg.
In the values along the Itjch and Werra, are" alfo fine paflure
grounds : accordingly the principal occupation of its inhabitants is grafery
and the breeding of cattle. Eisfeld produces a great deal of flax : in the
neighbourhood of Coburg or Koningsberg are vineyards. The forefts
afford a fufficiency of timber and wood for fuel. At Steinheide were
formerly gold mines, and at Eisfeld houfes for the fmelting of filver.
In thefe parts alfo exclufive of copper and iron, is found good pitcoal
together with gypfum, alabafter and marble. The river Itz or Itfcb,
which rifes here in the foreft of Thuringia at Marienhulf, travcrfes the
country from north to fouth, and after receiving into it the little rivers
Grimpe, Rote, Lauter and Rodach, which alfo have their fources in the
diocefe of Bamberg in this country, it difcharges itfelf into the Mayn.
The river Stcinach likewife has its fource here, at the village of Laufcha in
the forefl of Thuringia, and difcharges itfelf as the former. The Werra
11 ;ewife rifes in the bailiwick of Eisfeld in this principality out of a fwamp
\n Heldrieth wooA, after which it quits the country running into the county
of Henneberg, &c. Thefe rivers, as well as the lakes of Monchroda and
Streßenhaufen, abound in
fifli.
§. 4. In tiie whole principality are ten cities and fix towns. The
nobility are fimply called Schoppenfiuhl. The body of the commons and
nobles'have a direftor and fyndidl of their own.
§. 5. The inhabitants of this principality are almoft all Lutherans, excepting
a few Calvinißs at Hildburghaufen, where they are permitted the
public exercife of thfir religion. The churches and congregations are divided
into fuperintendencies and adjunftures. In Coburg is a gymnafium illiiflre.
h. 6. This

38 GERMANY. [Coburg.
§. 6. This country produces fuch great plenty of grain that it has more
than fufhcient for home conlumption. Its molk ufual exports, however
are wool, fatted flieep, and black cattle. The inhabitants of Sonnenberg
deal in flates, hones, and gun-flints, wooden-ware, pitch and pot-aHi. The
other towns purlue other occupations, and the whole country is provided
with all manner of necefl'ary handicrafts and artificers.
§. 7. The principality of Coburg formerly belonged to the Counts of
Henncbcrg, under whom it was filled the new lordfliip of Hoineberg or der
Ort landes zu Franken, Frederick the Severe Landgrave of Thuringia
and Marggrave of Mijfnia, in 1348, marrying Catharine Countefs of
Hennhurg, obtained with her this principality, which thus became annexed
to the houfe of Saxony, wherein it devolved to the Erneßiue chief line.
In the year 1672, on the extinftion of the Altenburg line, in the
perfon of Duke Frederick William III. it fell to Duke Erne/l the Pious,
founder of the modern or piefent Gotha line, and on ä partitior; made
between his fons.was divided in the following manner, wz. to Dnkt Albert
fell that parr, which, in a more confined fenfe, is called the principality of
Coburg, with every part of the fovereignty and a vote in the Diet of the Empire
and Circle. This diftriö confided of the bailiwicks and town oi Coburg y
with the jurifdiciion and town of Rodach, the bailiwick and town of
Neujladt, the jurifdidion and town oi Sonneberg, the bailiwick oi Somiejeld,
the convent of Monchrode, and the adminiftration of the bailiw'ick of
Neuhaia: to Duke Frneß were afTigned the bailiwick and town of Heldburg,
with the bailiwick and town of Hildburghaufen j the bailiwick of
the bailiwick and town oi Eijzfeld, and the Jurifdidion and town
Veihdorf,
of Schalkau. Duke Henry obtained for his part the bailiwick oi Königsberg,
which he afterwards ceded to Duke Ernefl. In 1699 Duke Albert dying,
great contefls arofe among the collateral Gotha lines concerning his fliare
in
the principality of Coburg, or concerning the principality oi Coburg itfeif,
in a limited fenfe. For though, by a convention made in 1699, whilfl he
was yet living, the principality together with the vote in the Diets of the
Circle and Empire, was to devolve to the houfe of Sax-Meijiungen and the
other lines were to be fatisfied partly by money or otherwife, nay though in
the fame year alfo Saxe-Meinungen in a repeated compad had admitted Saxe-
Hildburghaufen and Saxe-Saatfeld as coheirs to the Coburg fuccefTion, yet
were thefe compads difregarded and long difputes cnlued, during which
Gotha forcibly took polfeliion of the principality of Coburg, and that not
without the approbation of the Emperor. In 1705, Hiuiburghaujen acquiefced
in having the bailiwick of Awze^/i-A/ ceded to it j and in 1735 the
Imperial commiflion to the Eledtor of Saxony, and the Marggrave of Brandenburg
Onolzbach, adually adjudged and affigned to the line of Saxe-
Saalfcld the bailiwick of Coburg, and to that of Saxe-Meinungen thofe of
Sonneberg and Neauhaus,
§. 8. This

Coburg.]
GERMANY.
§. 8, This principality has a vote both in the Diet of the Empire, and
likewile in that oiUppcr-Saxony : but the firft of'theieis at preleiu fufpended,
on account of the contcfls relating to it, between Saxe-Meinimge/rdnd Scixe-
Saaljeld, the former refufing to be fatisfied with a half of it.
§. 9. We nuw come to a more particular defcription of the feveral parts
in the principality of Coburg, as they are at prefent actually poffelfed by
each dillind: branch of the Gotha lines.
I. The House oi S A
X
E-S A A L F E L D,
39
Or, as by reafon of its fhare in the principality oi Coburg, it is alfo filled,
the houfe of Saxe-Cobiirg-Saaljeld, polTcfles
To which belongs,
The BaiHvvick of C o b u r g,
\. Coburg, the capital of the whole principality, and the refidence of
the Duke of Coburg- SaalJeld, lying in a vale on the Itfch between the
Veßungs or fort, and the ludenbergs or "Jews-hall. Both the town and
fuburbs are walled in, the latter taken in general, are larger than the
former. The Prince's palace here is called Ehrenburg, and in it at prefent
are lodged the old archives which were formerly kept in the fort. This
town is likewife the feat of the feveral colleges of government belonging- to
the houfc o{ ^axe-Coburg, Saaljeld, as namely the privy council, the regency,
the confiftory, and the treafury : the chancery ftands on the market place.
Here are alfo four churches, with ?Lgymmißum illuflre, called Cafimirianum,
from its founder Duke yo/j« Cafmir, and confecrated in 1604; a town
fchool, a gold and filver manufadtory, and one of porcelain. In the
Ehrenburg too is a ftone building, wherein are made divers curious forts of
works in petrified wood, which is very common in this country. The
Schoppenjtuhl ertücd here in 1598, came to a period fo early as in the
feventeenth century. Without the town is a hofpital, in which is a fmall
church. The Vejlung or fort, on the fide of which once flood a place called
Trufalijui, is feated on a very high and üeep mountain, with only one
narrow accefs to it. In this fort are apartments for the Prince, with a
church and other buildings.
2. The jurifdicftion of Geßiingßjaufeti, containing
Gef.imgjhaufen or Gejhaufen, a market town fituated on the river Steinach^
The villages of Modtiiz, ZederJdorJ, IVeijchau and Hoff.
In the vale of i//^/) lie the following church villages, viz. Gleufen, Heyrath,
Upper-Siemau, Roffach, Scher7ieck, having an adjunfture, Viulerlful-bach
containing a manor, Under-Siemau alio having a manor and WetzendorJ.
Hohenlh'int a village containing a manor.
Ronfenäj

40 GERMANY, [Coburg.
Rofenau, a caftle which gave name to the Lords of Rofenau, who were
better known under the title of Munzmeißer.
3. The jurifdidion oi Lauter, containing
The villages oiUnder-Lauter, in which is a church j Vpper-Lauter and
Tiefen or Gettel-Lauter.
The following villages containing churches : viz. Ahorn in which is a
manor ; Grub, Meder, having an adjunfture ; Neukirch, Neufes, Scheuerfeld,
having a manor, Weifenbrunn alfo containing a manor, and Weifenjeld.
Eichhof, a village alfo containing a manor.
Ludivigfburg, a caftle fituated on a hill ; and being a demefne of
Saxe-Gotha.
Callenherg, a caftle alfo feated on a hill, and being a demefne of Saxe-
Mcinungen.
4. The jurifdidion of Rodach, in which is
Rodach, a fmall town fituated on a river of the fame name, with a caftle.
This place is alfo the feat of a fuperintendency, and in it likewife is a fine ftud.
The following villages having churches, as namely Alflatl, BrettenaUy
Elfa, Great-Walbur Helldrit, containing a manor, Ottinghausen, Rofzfeld,
Rottetjbach and Weidratnfdorf,
Gauerßatt, a church-village and demefne of Saxe-Meinungen, with
Schioeickhof, a demefne of Saxe-Gotha.
5. The jurifdidion of Neußadt, containing
Neiißadt an der Heyde a fmall town, fituated on the Rote, and containing a
f.iperintendency. Before the fire in 1636, this place was larger than atprefent.
Munchrode, a village formerly containing a convent oiBenediBine Monks,
which in 1525 was laid in allies by the rebellions peafants, but the revenues
of it were afterwards added to the jurifdidion of Neußadt.
Schqfhaiifen, a farm belonging to the Prince.
The manors of Birkig, Lutzebuch, Neiihof at Ketfchenbach, Mupperg,
Rothenhof, Thierig, Einberg having a church, and Waldfachfen.
6. The jurifdidion of Steinheid, having its feat at
Steinheid, a town, otherwife called Utifer Lieben, Frauen, Berg or our
dear Lady's hill. At this place was formerly a gold mine.
II.
The House of SAXE-MEINUNGEN
Is pofi^efled of three bailiwicks,
viz.
1. Of the bailiwick of Schalkau, formerly belonging to the houfe of Saxe-
Hilburghaufen, but which in 1723 came by exchange to Saxe-Meinungen.
On the other hand this houfe made over to the family of Hildburghaufen,
four villages of the bailiwick of Meinungen, which were added to
the bailiwick of Behnmgen. To it belongs
I. Sehalkau in ancient records alfo ftiled Schalken, a fmall town fituated
on

Coburg.] GERMANY. 41
on the Itfchy and containing a fuperintendency. This place belonged
formerly to the Lords of Schaumberg, who are laid to have fold half of
the jurrfdidlion of iS'(:Z'i7//^öZi; to a Count of HenJieberg, with whofe daughter
Catharine, it came to Frederick Marggrave of Mifnia. This Prince in
1378 entered into a partition of the Schalkati jurifdiilion and eftate, with
the family of Schaumberg, who are ftill poflefled of one half of the place.
In the years 1505 and 1690, Schalkau fuffered greatly by fire.
Schaumberg a ruined caftle, fituated on a hill near Schalkau, and the
place which originally gave name to the noble family o'i Schaumberg.
Raue?7jlein, in which the laft mentioned family ereiSedan ecclefiaftical jurifdi

42 GERMANY. [Coburg.
!. The bailiwick of H//J/^«r^/w^/t'«, which Duke Erneß obtained from
the principality of Coburg, fo long fince as the year 1672, This bailiwick
contains in it
Hildburghaufen, the ducal refidence, fituated on the Werra and containing
a great many handfoiiie houles. In the old town lies the Duke's
palace, being a large regular building, begun by Duke Erneji in 1685, and in
its church is a burial vault belonging to the family. In the market-place
here, ftands the town-houfe in which the regency, treafury and confiltury
have their meetings ; here is alfo the Lutheran town and parifli-church,
to which is annexed the Aiperintendency of the principality of Hildburghaufen,
and the Latin fchool. In the new-town, is now building on a
regular plan, without the Schleufing gate, a Lutberatt church, fronting the
houfe of corredion and the orphan-houfe. This part alfo contains zCalviniß
church, built in the year 172 1 the paftor of which preaches alternately in
French and German. The Eisfeld and Rojnhild gate have each a fuburb. The
Duke's gardens which are very fpacious, lie behind the palace between the
old town and the river Werra, from whence a canal is dug quite round
them. In the year 1323, the Emperor Lewis permitted Bertbold Couni
of Henneberg to furround the oppidum or market-town of Hildburghaufen
with a wall. In 1388 by far the greatefl part of it was burnt down. In
J 725 the whole quarter fronting the upper-gate was deftroyed by the like
calamity, but has fince been rebuilt to advantage. In 17 14 Duke Erw^y?
founded an academical gymnafium here, but it came to nothing.
Sophienthal,
a demefne formerly containing a palace or feat.
Streufdorf, a market-town of one hundred and fifty houfes fituated on
the little river Krek.
Sixteen villages, among which Simmerßaufen, Bedem or Bedheim, Pferfdorf2.nd
Lcimrieth, Hejelrieth, Efabaujen or Eifzhaufin are all parochial.
2. The conventual bailiwick of F"«^

Coburg.] GERMANY, 43
Twenty-one other villages.
4. The bailiwick, formerly the lordfhip of HeUlmrg, in which is
Heldburg^ a fmall town fituated on the river Kreck^ with an old caftle in
it, which was once a ducal refidence. At this place alfo is a fuperintendency
and farm. It is faid to have been firll: ered:ed into a town bv
Balthajar Landgrave of Thuringia.
Unmerßadt, a fmall town fituated on the river Rodach, and containing
an adjuiidure. The manor of Erlebach is annexed to the parochial
church of this place.
Strauff or der Strauchhan, a caftle, now fallen to ruins, in which refided
Poppo XIII. Count oiHenneberg-, from whence he is called Poppo '•mh Strauff',
as his fon for the fiame reafon, is diftinguiflied by the name oi Hermann ven
Strauff.
GelLrß^atißn, a village, containing a parochial-church and a farm.
Gtivibertjlaußn, a village, having a parochial-church, with a farm and
manor.
Rieth, a village, likewife containing a parochial-church with a farm, and
formerly belonging to the convent of Somienje/d.
Poppenhaiifen, a village, having a parochial-church.
Lindenau, a village, containing a parochial-church, and in which Duke
Ernefl Frederick I. ereded a fait- work.
Hellingen, Schweickerßdaujen, Schlechtfart, Weßhatßen, Holzhaußen, Bielmethaußn,
all villages, containing manors.
Seidingllatt, a village, with a hunting feat belonging to the Prince.
Roch, together with fix other villages and four manors.
5. The bailiwick of Königsberg, which is wholly furrounded by the
diocefe of Wurzbiirg. In this bailiwick is
J . Königsberg, a fmall town fituated on a hill, with a very old caftle in it,
which is the feat of a fuperintendency. In the year 1632 this place was
deftroyed by fire. Anciently it belonged to the common Cefit or court of
juftice, but by a compad: made in i5f:'3, was fo far excepted, that together
with the high and low Centßallen, or high and low court of juftice,
both within it and its boundary it was to belong to the Duke ci Saxony.
2. The villages ; as nam^ely Alte?ß:aufen which is parochial, ErA'/c/o/y, Hciiiingen
in the Hafzgau which is alfo parochial, Holzhaujen likewife parochial,
Junckerfdorß, Kofzlan, Littlc-Munfttr, Upper-Horith, Ro7nerß:ofen, Silbach ,
Uchetihofen, TJnßnd, commonly hut falfely called Ucnfeld or Ucfeld, which is
parochial, and Unte?-horith likewife parochial. In all thefe villages Alterß:außen
and Kofzlan excepted, refide, befides the chief bailiff, other feudal
Lords, who are poffeffed of juriididion over their domeftic vaflals, on
which account thefe bailiwick-villawes are alfo called Gaer bliche or co-inherited
villages, and even in all thefe fourteen bailiwick-villages, is one
diftrict or Centbare in common with Wurzburg.
G 2
Windbergy

:
44. G E R M A N r, [Gotha.
Windherg-,
Dorßis,
a farm belonging to the bailiwick.
a parochial-village.
6. The convenrual bailiwick of SovfienfeU, formed out of the fecularized
lands of the Ci\tercian nunnery of Sonnenfeld. The conventual buil(^ng,
which is dill ftanding, ferves for the officers of the bailiwick. The church
alio is flill in being. To the bailiwick belongs
Haff'stadtefi, a market-town, fituatcd near the convent of Sonnenfeld.
In the year 1632 this place fufFered greatly by fire. Either here or at
Sonnenjeld is
an adjuncCture.
Seidmannldorf, EbersdotJ] and Naßach, pariHi-villages, with
Nineteen other parilhes.
7he Principality
of Gotha.
§•1 .
f\P the principalities oi Gotha, Coburg and Altenburg, Homann, one of
^^ the publifliers of the Gotha diplomatica, has fet forth a map, which,
in his Atlas q\ Germany-, conftitutes the fifty-third ; but this ftands in need
of many amendments, particularly in regard to the fituation of the places
in it, in which it is very defedtive. Schreibers map of the principality of
Gotha, is in fome things better, but in others worfe.
§. 2. The principality of Gotha borders to the weft on that o( Eifenach,
and the Saxe- Meinungen bailiwick of Satzungen, belonging to the county
of Henneberg; fouthward on the Heßan and Saxon fliares in the county of
Hmnebcrg ; eaftward on the Weimar bailiwick of Ihnefiau Arnßadt, a bailiwick
belonging to Schivarzburg, Sondershaufen, and the territory of Erfurt
; and northward on the Saxon bailiwick of Langenfabza. In thefe
limits are not included the bailiwicks of Kranichfelde and Bockeroda,
lie
apart.
which
§. 3. The country abounds in grain and fruit. The fouthern divifion of
it contains a part of the foreft of 'Thuringia, and in it alio are mine-works.
The rivers having their rife in this principality are the Leine, which
the Landgrave Ba/th^far in 1369 conveyed to Gotha, and which, near Go/dbach,
falls into the Ne/fe; the Apjelßatt, which runs into the. Gera, and
after proceeding out of this principality to Eifurt, lofes itfelf laftly in the
Unflrutt. The Ncfe has its fource in the territory oi Erfurt, and traverfing
the principality of Gotha from eaft to weft, after it has received the Horfel,
in the principality of Eifenach, which latter arifes in that of Gotha, difcharges
itfelf into the Werra.
§. 4. The whole principality contains in it feven cities and five towns.
The States here confift of three clafles, viz.
I. Of the Counts and Lords, namely the Princes of Schwarzburg, and
thofe of Hohenlohe. 2. Of

.
GERMANY,
2. Of the Nobility, and
Gotha.]
3 Of the Kanzleyjafzigen towns of Gotha and the Walterßjaufen . To
thefe muft likewife be added the noble vaflals in the Lordfhip of Tonna^
and all fuch other vaffals as are noble j as likewife the town of Themar^
and thofe from the bailiwick oi Themar, in the county of Henneberg.
Thefe are all fummoned to the Diet by the Prince, and when fo fummoned,
both the Nobility and the town divide themfelves into the lefler and
greater committee i fometimes alfo only a committee of the three clafles
is convoked.
§. 5. The eftablifhed and univerfal religion in this country h Luther miifm^
with refpeit to which, and the inftruftion of youth, here are fome admirable
regulations of the Dukes Ernefi and Frederick 11. Among other
things, an infpedlor travels the country, who makes enquiry into the ftate of
the feveral churches and fchools in all places out of the refidentiary town.
The infpeäion of the churches and fchools here is further lodged in a fuperintendant,
eight fpecial fuperintendants, and feven adjunds. The number
of its churches is upwards of two hundred.
§. 6. The Prince's Colleges are the privy-council, and the regency,
with which alfo is incorporated the orphan-court. To this laft belongs a
peculiar office. To thefe is to be added the upper confiftory, under which
are the four under-confiftories of Kranichfeld, Grafentonna, Ohrdruf, and
Amßadt, with twenty-four fpiritual courts, a treafury, the receiver's office,
the war-office, and that of the police.
§. 7. The Duke maintains two regiments, confifting each of eight hundred
men. Of thefe one is quartered in the principality of Gotha, the
other in that oi Altenburg. Exclufive too of them he keeps alfo a guard of
one hundred and fixty foldiers, with a body of artillery.
§. 8. The principality of Gotha is divided into twelve bailiwicks, under
the adminiftration of bailiffs, who are either nobles, commoners, or
governors of noble extradion. Thefe bailiwicks are
I. That oi Gotha, to which belongs
45
Gotha, thecapital of the principality, feated on a rifing ground near \heLei?te,
from which, in the year 1369, the Landgrave Balthafar drew one branch
near the town, but Duke Erneß improving this work, conveyed it through
all the ftreets by means of ftone canals. Gotha is one of the bed and handfomeft
towns in Thuringia. In 171 5, in the town and without the gates,
were one thoufand and thirty-one houfes, paying fcot and lot, and within
its walls are nine hundred and fix, exclufive of a great many others which ftand
on the ramparts. In it too is a hofpital for the foldiery, with two fchools
for children defcended from them, and the barracks, in the largeft of which
the cadets are inftrudted in the feveral branches of the militarv art. Here
is likewife a foundery for cannon and bells, ^c. and within the town lies
the

46 GERMANY. [Gotha.
the bailiwick-houfe, with two churches, a good gymnafum ilhfftr, a houfe
of Correction, another for widows, and a third for orpii.ins. The fuperintendant
of this place is alfo general fuperintendant at Gotha. In this' town
too is an inferior fpiritual court. The inhabitants derive not their fiibfiftcnce
from the refidence of the court, but carry on a confiderable t: ade
in woollen manufadfures, as alfo in woad and beer ; and exclufive cf the
profits arifing to them from agriculture,
receive further advantages from its
being the thoroughfare from Leipzig to Upper-Germany, and likewilc the
direcft and high road between Gotha and Eifenach. Gotha fufFered gi-eaily
by fire in the years 1207, 1545, 1632, 1646, and 1665, but the houfes deftroyed
here in the laft of thefe years have been all rebuilt of ftone, and
of the fame height.
On a hill above the town ftands the ducal refidence called Friedenßein,
which was begun in 1643 by Duke Ernejt the Pious, on the fite of the
cp.ftle of Grimmaif'ein, which, in 1567 was totally rafed \>y Avgujtml.
Eledor of Saxony, who, in confequence of the ban ifiiied againft Duke
John Frederick II. had made bimfelf mafler both of this place and the
town, Friede}i}tei7i has been fortified by permifilon of Ferdinand III, In
it is a well provided armoury, with a valuable library, a fine Mufaum of
natural curiofities, one of the moll valuable cabinets of medals in Europe^
left it in 1712 by 'D'CiVit Frederick, on condition of having it delivered up on
demand, a church, with a fine chappel in it, a mint, a laboratoryfor fire-works,
an explanatory machine of the Copcr;iican fyftem, fet in motion by means
of clock-work, which is wound up every day, a play-houfe and a garden.
Without the Siebleber gate lies the Friderichfthat, which is a feat of the
Prince, having beautiful gardens to it. The fuburb within this Century is
o-reatly augmented both in its number of houfes and gardens. In it lies the
garrifon-church, with two burial places, the peel-houfe, now the manufactory,
the ordinance foundery, another manufadory, the water-works, the
porcelain manufadory, the riding-houfe, the alms-houfe for aged perfons, the
fine green-houfe, with the beautiful and long walks of hmeand cheftnut-trees.
Tlie parochial villages of Friemar, Balljtett, Haußen, and Ejchenberga,
all which are pofl^efiTed of the privilege of fitting by writ of chancery, tho'
they have united themfelves with refervation of the fame to the Prince's
bailiwick.
The parochial village of Molfchleben, in which is an adjuncture, and
belonc^ing to the fuperintendency of Gotha. Here is alfo an inferior fpiritual
court. To this village is to be added Tuetleben, Great-Rettbach, Siebeleben,
and Gamftedt, all which, as ftanding high, are called the hill villages.
Goldbach, a parDchial-village, fituated on the Neje. In the neighbourhood,
of this town was a gold mine, and hoc is fi:ill an adjunflure
belonging to the fuperintendency of Qotha, with an inferior fpiritual
court.

. 3.
Gotha.] G E R M A N r. 47
court. In this part alio lie the villages of Bußebeti, Rembßedt, Eberßedt^
Wiegkben, IFarzay and Bruheim, with a fliare Jikewife in that of Hochbeim.
2. The bailiwick of T'^«;zt'/^i'rg-, which is appropriated to the doweryof the
Dutchefs Dowager. In this bailiwick is comprehended alfo one half of Lijelbergs
OK Einfenbergs, the other half of it belonging to the Helfe bailiwick
of Schmalkald. This mountain is reckoned the higheft in all Thuri?igia. In.
1649 Duke Enieft built him a feat on it, which was often vifited for the
txtenfivenefs of the profpeft. To this bailiwick belongs
Tenneberg, an old caftle of the Prince's, and the bailiwick-houfe, with
an inferiour fpiritual court.
Waltenhaitfen, a town, fituated below Tenneberg, and containing a fuperintendency,
with a fpiritual court, and a grammar-fchool. It is noted
alfo for its weaving manufadlures. Its magiftracy (fit in the country Diets.
The free Kemnotten (in Latin-, Caminatce cedes) without the town fit by
writ of chancery.
To this place belong the little village of yoenhaim.
3. The villages of this bailiwick are divided
1. Into Pflegedorfer, or Aflize towns, being eight in number, among
which are three parochial villages, viz.. Afpach, (where the family of Erffa
are poflelled of a fief) Horfelgau., Leina, Sundhaufen, Teutleben, (from
which the ancient, but ftill exifting noble family of Teutkben probably had
its name) XJlieben, and Wahhviukel.
2. Into the Walddorfer, of which there are five here, particularly the
parochial villages of Fritd/ledt, containing a bath, with a demefne and a
manor in it, and Langenhain.
Obf. Within the precindl of the bailiwick of Gotha and Tenneberg, lie
(ratione commifjionis et executionis) the following jurifdiftions and places, "viz.
1, Herbßeben, a town, manor, and jurifdiftion, belonging to the family
of Forfler, and containing an inferiour fpiritual court.
2, The villages belonging to the \~\o\ikcii Wangetiheifn, viz.
1. Thofe of the Winterßein branch, namely Fifchbach, Great-Beringeriy
Hochheim, Kahlenberg, Kelberfeld, OJter-Beringen, Pfulendorf, Rcickenbach,
Schonau, Sondra, Sonneborn, conta.in\ng a fpiritual court, one ha.\[ oi^f^angenheim,
in which is a fuperintendency and a fpiritual jurifdidion, irefthaulen,
Winterftein, having a Ipiritual court, and three feats belonging to the Wangenhcim
family, together with Wolß-Beringen, Hutjcheroda, and the farm of
Hefzwinkel.
2. Thofe of the Wangenheim branch, as namely Heina, a town, Hochheim,
one hilf of Wangenheim, Tungeda der Steinhorf, and a fief at Bruheim.
The jurildicftiun of the Seebach family, extending. over the villages
of Great- Fahner, in which is a fpiritual court, Klein-Fahner and Gierjtedt.
The laft of thefe places formerly conftituted a particular Lordlliip belonging
to the Fahner, who were hereditary treafurers of the Landgraves of
Thuringia. 4. The

48 GERMANY. {Gotha.
4. The jurifdidion of the Hopfgartcn family.
1. Tliat of the Natzaline extends over the villages of CrW^, El?enP:>aufen,
FrankcnrcJi'., Lauterbach, Nntza, an adjiindiire of the fuperintendency of
JVangenheim, and in which alfo is a fpiritual court, and Neukirchcfi.
2. That of the Ebcnkeim line, which extends over the villages of Bur/a,
Ebenheim, Mechterßedt, and Weingarten.
5. The juriidiftion of the family of Grafendorf, extending over one half
of the village oi Mechterjtedt, in which is a fpiritual court.
6. The jurifdidion of the Utterodt at Scharjenberg, extending over the
villages of 'TTirt/, (ht\ow Scharffaiberg, now ruined) and having a fpiritual
court, as namely Ruhla, Scbwarzhaufeny Schmerbacb, Settelftedt, Rsubach,
Schonau, and Stcckhaufen.
7. Weijfenborn, formerly a convent, fituated on the Ruble, below
Scharfenberg, on the reformation made a demefne, which in 1752 was
purchafed by a gentleman of the name oi Minnigrode. At this place is a
parochial-church.
8. The parochial village and jurifdidion of Laucha, which ever fince
the year
1714 has belonged to the family oi Hopfgarten.
9. Gafpitcroda, a parochial village and jurifdidlion.
10. Ettenhaufen and HaJ'tarungs-Felde, two places belonging to the
Heerda family.
"'
'
3. The bailiwick oi Frtderichfiverth, which is formed out of efliates formerly
belonging to the Erffa family, but purchafed by the Sovereign. In
this bailiwick is
Friderichfwerth, a fine feat of the Prince's, with a regular handfome
town, near which is an orphan-houfe. At this place alfo is a fpiritual
court. This place formerly confifled only of one manfion-houfe, and the
village of Erffa.
Madebach or Mctbach.
Frankenroda, a village belonging partly to this bailiwick, and partly to
the family of Erffa.
4. The bailiwick of Reinhardsbrunn, which is formed out of the lands
of a convent of BenediSiine Monks, and contains in it
Reinhardsbrunn, the bailiwick-houfe, formerly the convent, with aparifh
church and a fpiritual court. The circumjacent country was anciently
called Loybe and Die Blofze Lauben.
Friderichrode, a fmall town, which firfl obtained its market-charter in
1595, and in 1 597 was eredled into a town. At this place is an adjundure
belonging to the fuperintendency of Waltershaufen.
Ten villages, among which is the village of Wipprode, with a demefne
farm, at prefent a fief of the Prince, and the parochial villages o^Ernßrode
and Altenberge; at the latter is flill remaining on a hill the church of St.
yohn^ which hitherto appears to have been the firft church in all Thuringia,
and

Gotha.]
GERMANY.
49
and owes its foundation to Boniface, but is at prefent in a ruinous condition.
Beneath it lies the church oi Emmatiuel, which was confecrated in J 71 2.
Above the village of Finflerherg rifes the Leine,
Scbaiienburg, once a caftle, and the original refidence of the Land raves
of Thiiringii2.
5. The bailiwick of Georgenthal^ formed out of the eftates of a convent
of Cißercian Monks, founded in 1143 by Sitzo count oi Sclnvarzburg and
Kafernburg. To this bailiwick belongs,
Georgenthal, the bailiwick-houfe, and an adjun

.
2.
50 GERMANY. [Gotha.
Four other villages, among which is that of NeiV'Gottern, built by the
Mofuvians, who have been long fettled in the part now called Gnadcnthal,
i. e. the vale ofgrace, though its former nan:ie was Diete?idorf. In this village
is a Schriftjhfzige or copy-hold manor.
Obf. To this bailiwick rationc execiitionh, are joined
1. The jurifdidion oit\\Q PVitzleben family at Elgenberg, extending over
the villages of Berk, Elgerihurg, (in which is a feat and fpiritual court)
Gehra, hUnebacb, Neuroda, and Tragfdorf.
The jurildidion o{ Liebenjlein^ extending over the village ofthat name,
in which is a fpiritual court, Ruppertjhde, Frankenhain, Grafenrode, containing
a fpiritual court, and Kettmanfiaufen.
3. MoisdorJ\ a parochial-village, having a fpiritual court, with two
manors, of which one is pofTfifled of the jurifdidtion.
4. The feudal eftates of tambuchßjoj and Ettifchkben.
^. The manor of Heeroda.
8. The bailiwick of Icbferßanfen, formed out of the eftates of a Ciflercian
nunnery, and containing in it
Ichtershaufett, originally called Larikwig, but afterwards Uchterichfufen
and VchterictfrMnjen, a fmall town, fituated on the Gera, and which firfl
obtained its charter in 1697. At this place is a fuperintendency and a
fpiritual court. The bailiwick-houfe ftands on the fide of the convent.
The feat of Marienburg was begun in 1675 by Duke Bernhard.
Eifchleben,
a village.
0. The bailiwick oi Volkerode, lying between the Schwarzburg bailiwick
of Kenia, and the Imperial town of Muhlhaujen, with which, in 1568,
an agreement was made relatively to the rights of venery, commonage, pafturage,
&c. It was formed out of the lands belonging to the eftates of a Ciftercian
monaftery, and contains under it one town, feven villages, and five
farms. The moft remarkable places in it are
Volkerode, the bailiwick-houfe, and which was formerly the convent. In
this houfe is a church, with a fpiritual court, and a farm.
Römer, or Great-Rorner, a market-town confifting of upwards of two
hundred dwelling-houfes, and being the feat of an adjundure belonging to
the fuperintendency of Gotha. At this place likewiie is a farm, together
with-two churches.
3. The parochial-villages oi Little or Vpper-Mikler and Menterode.
10. The bailiwick of Tonna, which was formerly a Lordfliip of the
Counts of Gleichen, on the extinftion of whom it devolved to the Schenken
of Tautenburg, and on the failure of thefe, to the Counts of Waldeck. This
bailiwick was purchafed by Frederick Duke of Gotha, Lord of the fief.
In it
is
Grafen-'Tonna, a town and feat, containing a fuperintendency, with an
under -coafiftory, and a feudal eftate.
Berg.

Gotha.] GERMANY, 51
Bcrg-Tonna, a large parochial-village, in which formerly ftood, on the
hill near it, a burg of the noble family of T^onna ; together with
Seven villages, among which is Hieben, parochial, and Dollßedt, containing
two feudal eflates.
II. The upper bailiwick of Kranichfeld, which conftitutes the upper
parts of the Lordfhip of Kranichfeld. This bailivrick formerly belonged to
a noble family, who were named from it, and whofe arms were a crane.
In the thirteenth century this family became divided into two lines. In
the fourteenth century it failed, on which the Lordfhip fell to the Burgraves
oi Kirchher g. In 14515 the Burgrave I'hiern difpofed of the upper
lordHiip of Kranichfeld, as a Saxon fief, to Henry Reußen von Plauen the
Younger, and in 1453 fold alfo the upper caftle. In 1615 the Counts
Reuffen transferred it to the houfe oi Saxe-Weimar for the fum of 83000
guilders, as in 1620 Weimar alfo did, with power of redemption, for a like
fum to Charles Günther of Schwarzburg Rudoljladt, In 1657 William
Duke of ^^^/Vwßr. made over the right of redemption to £r/zr/? Duke of
Gotha, who, in 1663, redeemed it from Anthony Albert count of Schwarzburg
Riidolßadt. In 1694 the Counts of Reußhi fold all their rights in it
to Frederick Duke of Gotha. To this lordfhip or bailiwick belongs
That part oi Kranichfeld town, lying to the wefl: of the Ihn, and in which
is a caftle, with a fuperintendency, an under-confiftory, a manor, and
Fourteen villages, of which, Achel/ledf, Barchfeld, Gvgeleben, Mulda,
Pflankwirbach, Oßhaufen, Riechheim, Rodekviiz, Stctten, Treppefidorf are
all
parochial.
Great -Rochberg, having a fpirltual court, and Geite'rfdorf both villages
belonging to Nobles.
Obf. Of the lower lordfhip oi Kranichfeld, which is held by the Counts
of Harzfeld, as a fief of Mentz, an account fiiall be given in the fequel
next to the principality of Altenbiirg.
12. The county oi Gleichen is fubjedl to the iovtx€\^x\\.'^oi Saxe-Gotha,
and lies between the territories of Gotha, Henneberg, Schwarzburg, and
Erfurt. The Counts of Gleichen, Spiegelberg, and Pyrmont, and Lords
olTonna-, were a family of great antiquity, and originally reiided at the
now ruined caftles oi Gleichen, one of which called Old-Gleichen, lies in
the principality of Calenberg, under the fovereignty of the Elecflor of
Brunjwick ; the other known by the name of New-Gleichen, is fituat'ed
within the dominions of Hefje-Caffel. Thefe Counts removed from hence
to Thuringia, and at a fmall diftance from Gotha built them another feat,
to which they alfo gave the name of Gleichen ; and hence this county,
which, in the matricula of the Empire, is rated at eighty-eight florins,
was named the county of Gleichen. They divided themfelves afterwards
into the Tomta and Blankenenhayn lines, the latter of v.'hich became again
fub-divided into thofe o( Tomia and Kra?jichfeld ; but in 1631 failed in the
perfon oi John Lewis Count, oi Gleichen. Their arms for the county of
H 2
Gleichen,

'
52 G E R M A N r. [GoiI,a.
Glcichai, were originally a leopard, but latterly a lion argent, with tongue
exerted, znd crowned or, in afield azure.
'1 hey acknowledged the fuperiority
of the Counts oi1huri?jgia, and afterwards that of the Dukes of Saxony.
The upper county fell to the Counts oi Ilohenkhe, of the Neiienßein line, by
virtue of an agreement of co-heirfl^ip concluded in
1621, betwixt "jdm Leix-ts
the laft Count of Gleichen, and George Frederick Craft, and Pkilip Erncß^
Counts oi Hohenlohe, which agreement was confirmed by 'D\iktJohn Cajlmir,
who, in 1634, granted as a fief, to the then living Counts oi Hohenlohe of
the iVfiüra//«« line, and their mile heirs, the upper part of tlie county of
Gleichen, and its dependencies. This part belongs to the whole Hohenlobe-Neuenßein
WviQ ; that of the Hohenlohe-Oehringen polfefiing one half,
and that of the houfes of Langenktrg the other. Their court of juftlce
is kept in the town of Ordruf, where is alfo an under-confiflory,
granted them in 162 1, by Duke John Caf.mir, and in 171 1 and 17 14
confirmed by Duke Frederick II. they have likewife the nomination of the
feveral paftors and fchoolmafters, and in their name the fuperintendency
holds aßs and fynods in affairs relating to the churches and fchools. They
alfo exercife criminal and civil jurifdidion, levy tolls and imports, particularly
one half of the excife on liquors j and to them belong the following
places,
viz.
1. Ohrdriif or Okrdorf, the capital, fituated in a plain, on the little
river Ohr, and one of the moft ancient towns in all Thiiringia. The
Counts feat here, which for a long time had been the refidence of the
Counts of Glichen, is at prefent divided between the Hohenkhe-Neiienjlein
line, and the Langenhing wings. In it likewife is held the Counts lecretary's-office,
as alfo the confiftory. In the town too refides the rteward
and fuperintendant for both the Hohenkhe lines. A judgment may be
formed of its prefent flouriOiing condition from the great variety of its artificers
and manufaäurers. Exclufive of the chapel in the Count's palace,
here is likewife the great, or town-church, the church in the iuburbs, the
hofpital-church, and that of the church-yard. The grammar-lchool here
confifts of fix claffes. In 1248, 1450, 1510, 1653, 1661, 1719, 1724,
and 1753, this town was either totally or in a great meafure deftroyed
by fire.
2. Wechmar, a large country town, containing about three hundred
fubrtantial inhabitants, and one pariih church.
3. The parochial-villages of Emleben, Schwahhanfen, Pferdingdeben,
Werningß:aujen, and Petrirode, commonly called Petzgercde.
2. The lower county, or lower dirtricl, of Gleichen, or, as it is likewife
called, the lower Gleichen villages, devolved to the Counts of Sclnvarzbiirg,
of the Arnftadt line, on the death of John Lewis, the lafl Count of Gleichen,
bv virtue of a compact of inheritance, made betwixt the faid Count
and that line. But notwithftanding this, the Counts of Hatzfeld, by a cornpad
made at Leipzig, between Saxony and Mentz,, in 1665, and by another

Altenburg.] GERMANY,
53
ther in 16Ö7, xt\.'i^m&^ Wanderßeben znA Freuden!hal. T\\& lower Gleichen
villages polTeircd by the Prince ot Schiuarzburg Sondenhaufen^^ within the
territories of Gotha, are Suhenbruck, Ingerfieben, Gunthersleben, and Stetten
on the Gera,
3. The part of the county o^ Gleichen pofTcired by the Counts of Hatzfeld,
fhall be dcfcribod in tlie fequel, after the principality of ^/^fw^w^.
13. The Diftridts of lUmen and PauHtJzella, which are held by the
Princes oi Schwarzburg-Rtidolffatt, as a fief under the Princes of Go/'/6ß, will
occur in the principality o^ Schiiuirzbtirg.
§. I. ' B " HE
The Principality
^j/'Altenburg.
reprefentation given us of this principality, as it llands in
•^ 7ii;w^///2's map of the principalities of Go//'*?, Coburg, znd Ake11-
hurg, is very defcdive. P, Sch-nk has publiihed two maps of the Diftridts of
Altenburg and Ronmbtirg, of which the latter, which was performed under
the infpedfion oi '^renkmann, is much the befi:. There is alfo a copy of
this, engraven by Seutter. A map of the diüridfs adjoining to the weflward
of Thuringia has likewife been publiil:ied by Schreiber., toi^ether with one
of Saaljeld.
§. 2. This country is a part of the ancient Ofterhmds, and borders to the
wed on the upper principality of Sch-warzburg, the part of the lordiliip of
Kranicbfeld, belonging to the Princes of Hatzfeld, and the principality of
Weimar ; to the north on the diocefe of Naumburg, and the Circle of
Thiiringia and Leipzig; to the eafl alio on the Leipzig Circle, and the lord-
Ihip of Scljonburg, which is reckoned in the Erzgebirg Circle ; and to the
fouth, on the Circles oi Erzgebirg and Neuftadt : from fouth to north, it is
divided into two parts, by the lordOiip of Gera, belonging to Count Keulfcn.
§. 3. The foil is very fertde in corn, and likewife abounds in good pafturage,
wtience the grafery cariied on here is confiderable. It has in particular
large breeds of horfes. Here is likewife plenty of wood. Its
mines yield copper, and cobalt, of the latter of which a fine blue is made j
together with vitriol, and other minerals. The principal rivers are the
Pleiße, which has its fource in the Circle of Erzgebirg, near Sure
receives the Sprotta, and after entering into the Lc'pzig Circle, the Saale,
which interfeds the Diftridl of -SW/t'/i:/. After this it pafTss through the
principality of Schicarzburg, and ruiining into that of Altcnburg, where it
receives the Orla and Roda, traverlcs the principalities of Eijenach and
Weimar, after which it again enters the country oi Aitenburg, from whence
it continues its courfe through the diocefe of Naumburg.
§. 4. The ftates of this principality are divided into thofe of the Altenlurg,
Saalfeld, and Eifenberg Cirdes, and confiftof the Nobility and towns
of thefe three diflrids. Their provincial meetings are held a: Altenbur^.

54
GERMANY. [Altenburg.
§. 5. This country was erefted into a principality, about the time that
Duke Frederick William I. eldeft fon to "John William Duke of Weimar.,
founded the Altenburg collateral line of the Erneßine houfe, which line in
1638 was the eldeft, and had a violent conteft for precedency with the
houfe of Weimar, but became extinct in 1672, by the deceafe of
Frederick William III on which the principality of Altenburg fell to Ernefl
thePirjiis, Duke of Gotha, who willingly ceded to the three fon s of his
brother Bernhard Duke of Weimar the towns oi Weimar, Eifnach and Jena,
together with the diftridls above-delcribed in the principalities of Weimar
and Eifenach, Dornburg and Roßa ; as alfo the towns of Suiza, Bürge/,
Hcujzdorf and Aljledt, with othei privileges and emoluments. His Tons,
on his death agreeing about a divlfion of his territories the principality of
Altenburg, was difmembered into the Gotha Eifenberg and Saaljeld fhares.
In 1707 on the death of Duke Chrißian of Eifenberg the latter of thcfe
two fliares reverted again to the houfe of Gotha, which now pofl'efles feven
diflridls of the principality oi Eifenberg, but has fupreme jurifdidion over
the Saaljeld fliare only. By virtue of this principality it enjoys a vote in
the college of Princes at the Diets of the Empire, and likewife at thofe
of Upper-Saxony.
§. 6. The religion of the country is Lutheranifm, the churches and
fchools are ranged under the feveral fuperintendencies of Altenburg, Kahla^
Camburg, Eijenhcrg and Ronneburg, over all which is placed a general
fuperintendent, who refides at Altenburg. The fliare which belongs to
Gotha, is, as in the principality of Gotha, under the direction of a landinfpedor,
and at Altenburg is a gymnafium illußre.
§. 7. The great offices at Altenburg belonging to the Prince, are thofe of
the regency the fecretary's-office, the conlifcory, the exchequer, the
demefne and contribution-office.
§.8. Next follow
I. The diftrids belonging to the Dutchy of Gotha, and
I . Of the diftrid of Altenburg, in which is
Altenburg, anciently called Plifne, the capital of the principality, {landing
high, on an uneven fpot of ground, and being pretty large and
populous ; the caftle here, which is feated on a rock, is noted in hiftory
as having been the place of refidence of the former Eletflors and Dukes,
and likewife that in 1455, the young Princes Erneß and Albert, who were
afterwards the founders of the two principal lines of the Saxon houfe,
were carried off from hence by Kunz von Kauffung. Belonging to the
church, here was anciently a foundation of regular chorifiers. In the
town is a flately building where the fecretary's-office is kept, and where
the regency and conhflory likewife hold their meetings ; as alio the receivers
of the diftrid office, the parifli-church, and the Bruder-kirche or fuperintendency
; to the laft of which belong feventy-fix churches. It likewife
gives

Altenbnrg.]
GERMANY.
gives title to the general fuperintendent. Here is alfo a Magdalen or place
for the education of young ladies of decayed families, a houfe beloncring
X.0 i\\Q. T^eutonick order, z gymnaßiim illußre ^ovmAcA ]n 1703, with a good
Mufcvum zndWhxzxy, an orphan-houfe, and a houfe ofcorredion. AHenburg
was anciendy an imperial city, and the capital of the country of Plcißen.
From the year 1 172, we meet with accounts of the Burgraves oi Altai-'
burg, after which the Emperors often made it their head quarters and
held a Diet here. Frederick with the bitten Cheek, who was Margo-rave of
Meifen, in 1308 mailing himfelf mafter of the town, it came under the
dominion of the faid Marggraves, and afterwards pafied into the houfe of
Saxony. The greatefl: conflagrations it has fuffered by, were thofe of 1407,
1427, 1430 and 1455.
Lucca, a fmall town feated on the river Schnauder, which at this place
is joined by the Reinbach. In this town are divers woollen manufadlures.
Lucca is likewife celebrated for the great defeat of the Swedes here in 1307,
which was fo remarkable, that it has fince became a proverb.
Schmollen, a little town feated on the Sprotta, and containing an ecclefiaftical
infpedtion. In the years 161 8 and 1628 this place fuffered greatly
by fire.
ss
GofzfiitZ; a market-town feated on the Pleije.
Obf Within this diftrift lies the noble eftate and jurifdidion of Meufelivitz,
the proprietors of which till the year 1575, were the family of i?z^;/i^&fj
till i6j6, thole of Craufpruch, in conjundlion with the family of ^F/?;/«-
and from that year the Barons of Seckendorf, who become pofleffed of it bv
means of the celebrated Feit Lewis Serkendorf, who acquiring it endeavoured
to retain it as an hereditary iief, held of Duke Frederick I. and to
preferve it in his family as a feoffment of trufl.
Meujelivitz anciently called Muffelbufz, is a large market-town of about
two hundred houfes feated on the river Schnauder, the inhabitants of which
are principally handicraftsmen and artificers. The Counts palace here is
remarkable for the richnefs of its apartments and the btauty of its garden.
In 1639 and 1686, this place was totally confurhed bv fire.
2. The dUlriö of Ronncburg, in which is
Ronneburg, a fmall town containing a feat ; and being likewife the
capital of the dlrtricl. In this town is a fuperintendency, Xo which belong
twenty-feven churches. Here are likewife fome woollen manufadtures and
it is further celebrated for its earthen-ware. The greateft part of this
place Vi'as deftroyed by fire in 1665.
2. The following villages having churches and noble eftates : iV^.
Diirrenhayn, Gah'-en, Jauern, Mojcn, Muckern, Rojchutz, &:c.
3. The difl:ri(fl of Eijenberg, in which is
Eijenberg, a fmall town, containing a feat; the dirtr^dl-ofnce is heM
here, and it has likewife a fuperintendency, which in conjundion with ihst
Camburg

56 GERMANY. [Altenburg.
Comhurg Incorporated in it, contains fifty-fix churches. Some woollen
manufadories have alfo been eftabliflied here.
The parochial villages of Etzdorf, Hohndorfy 6cc.
4, The Camkirg, diftrid in which is
Cambu7-g, a fniall town feated on the Saak, and formerly the capital
of a county. The fuperintendency belonging to this place is united with
that of Elfenberg.
IVurchhauferiy Radcmcufchel, and other villages.
The falt-works near Suiza, which is a fmall town feated on the ////; in
the principality oi IVeimar ; but referved by the Gotha family in 1 672, when
it made over to that of Weimar the town of Suiza, with other towns and
diftridts of the principality of Altenburg. In 1675 the difputes betwixt
the corporation of Suhza and the Prince of Gotha's officers, concerning the
falt-works here, were amicably terminated in a conference of the Weimar
and Gotha deputies, at which conference a formal compad; was concluded
and afterwards executed between them.
5. The diftrifl: of Roda, in which is
Roda^ a confideiable market-town lying on a river of the fame name,
and containing a feat of the Prince's. A confiderable part of the inhabitants'
of this place fubfifl by the cloth and flocking manufadures. Roda
formerly belonged to the Counts of Arnßoaug, the Lords o^ Leuchtenburg,
izc. who mortgaged it, together with the feat of Leuchtenburg to Count
Günther oi Sclnoarzbui-g ; but in 1396 the Landgrave Frederick the Valiant
again redeemed them.
Gornitz, Heynbach, and other villages.
6. The diftrid of Kahla, confifts of two diftrids, namely,
1. Of the diftrid oi Orlatnunda, in which is
Orlamunda, a fmall town feated on an eminence near the river Saale,
which at this place receives into it the Orla. Formerly it belonged to the
Counts of Orlamunda, who became extind in 1476, and appointed a
Buro-rave over their caftle, which flood on an eminence near it. This title
fome of the Burgraves of Kirchberg have borne. The caftle was deftroyed
in I'^ii, by Frederick Landgrave of Thuringia, and that part of the building
v.'hich is yet ftanding is now converted into a granary belonging to the
Prince. In 1344 Henry Count of Orlamunda, fold the town and caftle
to Frederick Liindgrave of Thuringia. An annual court ofjuftice is conftantly
he'd here, on the Monday in Trinity-wetk.
Kahla, a fmall town lying on the Saale, and containing a fuperintendencv
of eighty churches. This place is environed by naked mountains,
2. The diftrid of Leuchtenburg, in which is
Leuchtenburg formerly a caftle. This place ftands on a high mountain
fronting the town of Kahla. To it once belonged a lordfliip, and to this
lordlliip was annexed the town of Kahla, The Counts of Arnß:aug, who
3
were

Altenburg.] GERMANY,
57
were Lords of Leuchtenburg, mortgaged the caflle together with Kahla, but
Frederick the FälJaNt, Lzndgrave oi 'T'hiiringia, redeemed it in 1396. Afterwards
the family of Vitzthum were for fome time proprietors of heuchteU'
burg. The old caftle is now converted into an alms-houfe and bridewell,
Dracketidorf., alfo called Dracheiidorf, a parochial-village.
3. Upper and Middle-Lobdeburg., two ruined caflies; already mentioned
under the principality oi Eijeitach in the article of the prefedurate of Je?ia,
Obf. In this part lies the \oKA{h\^ oi Altenburg, whlich. \i ^n Altenburg
fief, and belongs to the Scl.nvarze7ifels family. It was formerly the refidence
of the Burggraves of Kichberg, and by them was fold to the Counts
o^ Gleichen, who in 1492 likewife difpofed of it to Letvis vm Redwitz;
from whom it has pafTed through feveral other hands.
Altenburg, is a village containing a noble feat.
2. The diftrifts belonging to the Dutchy oi Cobiirg-Saalfeld.
The annual produce of thefe diftriifls is computed at about öo,oco rix-
In them is
dollars.
I. The diflricfl of 5^^^/^, containing
Saalfeld, a pretty handfom town, feated on the river Saale, in a beautiful
fituation amidft hills and meadows. The feat here was begun by Duke
Albert,
and for a time honoured by being the refidence of the Saalfeld line,
till on their acquiring a fliare of the principality of Coburg they removed
there. In this town is a fuperintendency with three others belonging to
it, and containing three churches, in one of which divine fervice is performed,
the other two being not ufed. Here is likewife a good grammarfchool,
together with fome manufaftures of cloth, of gold and filk-fluffsj
as alfo a fmelting and vitriol houfe. It is likewife the mint town for
the Circle oi Upper-Saxony. In 1199, 13 14 and 1332, it was deftroyed
by fire, and in 1640 fuffered fucceffive ravages, while the Imperial and
Sivcdijb troops were in this country. The Emperor Frederick II. conferred
this town as a fief on Henry X. Count of Schwarzburg, and the Emperor
Lewis oiBavaria granted the like enfeoffment toHenrylLlK. and Gunter'XXI.
Counts of Schwarzburg, but Count Gunter XXIX, in 1389, fold it to the
Marggraves of Miefen.
On an eminence near the town ftands the once celebrated and rich
Benedi^ine abbey of St. Peter otherwife called Saalfeld abbey. It was at
firft only a collegiate church, but in 1074, was raifed to be a convent: its
abbot was a Prince of the Empire, had both vote and feat in the Diets,
and even the privilege of coinage. The patronage of this convent was
in 1345 transferred to the Marggraves oi Meifj'en. In 1525 Count Albert
of Manifeld with the confent of the Emperor and fobn Eleftor of Saxony
purchafed the abbey of its laft abbot; but in 1532, parted with it again
ibr 30,000 florins to the above-mentioned Eleflor, who converted it into a
bailiwick, and fince that it has fallen to the family oi Altenburg.
Vol. VI. I Pofneck,

;
^8
GERMANY.
-
[Altenburg.
Poßu'ck, anciently called Pefnitz, Po/eneck, Pefznick or Peyfeneck, a fmall
but thriving town. A confiderable part of the inhabitants of this place are
clothiers, curriers and potters. It is an adjundt to the fuperintendency of
SiuilfclJ. Wipretht Margsrave of Gro?V^/i/j in the eleventh century received
Pofihck, and iome other' places as a donation from the archbiOiop of
Coin. After his death it defcended to the Counts of Arnß:aug, and with
Elizabeth daughter of the laft of that family came to Frederick with the
bitten Check, then Landgrave oiThuringia. In the year 1680, the fons of
Duke Erneß the Picus, making a partition of their father's lands, this town,
was by a particular convention affigned to Duke John Erneß of Saalfeld.
2. The diftrid: of Grafenihal, containing
1. Grafeiithal, in Latin Valiis Comitum, a fmall \o\v^ fituated in a deep
valley near the river Zeptcn, and being an adjundt of the Saalfeld fuperintendency.
Here are fome iron and copper-works with a glafs-houfe.
On a mountain near the town is a caftle called Wejpenjlei?i, the wings of
of which ferve as lodgings to the officers of the bailiwick of Grafenthal.
The town and lordüiip of Gr

.
Akenbiirg.] GERMANY, 59
Saxony had hitherto exercifed, that fuch complaints, appeals and the
other above fpecified proceedings of the government fhould be, ad
interim, accepted, acknowleged and duly executed by the Eiedor of
Saxony; and that the Counts of Hatzfchi for this temporary vicarHiip
fliould pay unto the faid Eleöor, his affefsment in tlie vuitriciila of the
Empire and the chamber o'i Wetzlar : alfothat the five hundred florins which
the Counts of Hatzjeld were hitherto fworn annually to pay to the houfe
of Saxony, as a recognition of its fovereignty, and of which 117 fl.
17 gr.
I id. belonged to the houfe of Gotha, and 382 fl.
3
gr. i d. the houfe
o^ Weimar, rtiould for the future be levied on the fubjeds. As far as I can
learn, matters have fince remained on the fame footing. The Counts of
Hatz/'e/d of the Trachenl?erg Wne, who are the prefent proprietors of this
land, where in 1741 raifed by the King of PruJ/ia, to the dignity of
Princes, and in 1748 the Emperor declared them Princes of the Empire.
I now proceed to a more particular account of the territories belonging to
the principality of Hatzfeld.
1. Thefe are part of the county of Gleichen, which is a fief of the
Elecflor of Mentz, and which on the extindlion of the Counts of Gleichen in
1639, was conferred by the faid Eledlor on the Counts of Hatzfeld.
belongs
To it
1
The ruined caftle of Gleichen.
2. Wanderßeben, a market-town fituated on the Apfelßett. By virtue of
the above-mentioned compadl concluded at Leipzig in 1665, the Duke of
Saxe-Gotha intirely receded from his feudal power over Wanderßeben, and
the Counts of Schwarzburg confented, that the high and low jurifdidlion,
together with the patronage, filheries, and arriere feoffment, Q^c. fliould
at the transfer, be likewife ceded to the Counts of Hatzfeld.
Freiidcnthal,
a farm.
2. The lower lordlliip of Kranichfeld; is likewife a fief of Mentz, and
devolved fr-om the Lords of Kra?iichfcld, to the Counts of Schwarzburg ;
who about the year 1390 transferred it to the Burgrave Albert of Kirchberg,
but foon recovered it either by mortgage, or as abfolute property,
but in 1398 made it over again with power of redemption, to William
Marggrave of Meißen. Accordingly it was afterwards redeemed a fecond
time, but in 14 12 fold to Albert Burgrave of Kirchberg. His fon the
Burgrave T'hicrry in 1455 fold the lower Burg and lordfl'.ip of Kranichfeld
to Lewis Count of Gleichen. On the extindion of the Counts of Gleichen
the Eledor of Mentz conferred it as a fief on the Counts of Hatzfeld,
who a confiderable time after became proprietors of it, and thofe with
a right of redemption flill continue poflefled thereof. To it belongs
The part of the town of Kranichfeld lying on the eafl: fide of the ///;/
and containing a feat: with
Certain villages.
I 2 3. The

6o GERMANY. [Querfurt.
3. The lordrtiip of Blankcnhayn, which lies betv/ixt the diftrid of
Berka in the Weimar territories, and that of Kahla in thofe of Altenburg^
being likewife a fief of Meiitz. Lewis the Lord of Elankenhayn, dying
without iffue in 1416, the fons of his fifter who was married to Erneß
Count of Gkiche?i, took pofleffion of the lordfliip, but were vjolendy
oppofed by the then Eledor of Mentz. In 1420 the difpute concerning
it, was accommodated on the following terms, viz. that the Counts
Erneß and Lewis oi Gleichet! y Lords oi Blankenhayn(h.on\d fign an acknowlegement
that the lordftiip of Blankenhayn was efcheated to the archbifhopric
of Mentz: on which they were inverted with it, as a real malefief.
The archbifliop however ftill retains a perpetual ufe of the caftle,
and the fourth part of the lordfliipj but this the Counts may redeem by
a fum of money to be named by Count Frederick of Henneberg. The
Counts of Gleichen becoming extinft in 163 i, a third part devolved to a
Count of Morsberg, whofe mother was by defcent Countefs of Gleichen and
the two other thirds of this lordfliip were conferred as a fief on the Counts
oiHatzfeld. At prefent the Princes of Haiz/'eU ave proprietors of the whole
lordOiip,
the capital of which is,
Blankenhayn, a fmall town containing a feat. In the years 1442 and
1527, this place was deflroyed by fire.
§•
'The Principality
of QjJ Erfurt.
^' (~\ ^ '•^^ Jiiterbock and Dahme diftricts of the principality of ^lerfurt,
^^ particular maps have been publifhed by Schenk and Seutter ; a
fufficient reprefentation of this principality is alfo to be met witii in the
map of the Dutchy of »S(7Ä'C«_y publifhed in 1752 by Homanns heirs; but
the beft view of the diftrids of ^erfiirt and Heldrungen, is to be had in
the map of Eaß Thiringia, likewife piiblifhed by the fame hands.
§. 2. The dirtrids of which it confifts, are not contiguous; Sluerfurt
and Heldrungen lying in Thuringia, and 'Jiiterbock and Dahme betwixt
the eledorate-circle ; the Mark of Brandenburg and Lower-Lußitia.
§. 3. The origin of this principality is as follows. At the peace of Prague
concluded in 1635, betwixt the Emperor Ferdinand \\. and yohn George I.
Eledor of Saxony, the latter obtained the four lordfliips, diftrids and
towns of Sluerjtirt, Juterbock, Dahme and Burg, which before had
belonged to the archbifhopric of Magdeburg ; and thefe were confirmed
to him and his houfe at the treaty of Ofnabruck in 1648, though
with a claufe that he fhould pay its contributions to the Empire and
Circle, and that an exprefs article of this agreement, fliould be regiftered
in the matricula of each. Thus thefe four diftrids became a principality
of the Empire; which by the Eledor John George I. was bequeathed to his
fecond

Querfurt.] GERMANY. 6i
fecond fon Duke Augiißus founder of the Weijfenfels line, and his heirs.
By virtue therefore of this principality the aforefaid line, in 1663 applied
for feat and voice in the college of Princes at the Diet of the Empire,
and obtained the Emperor's confent and even recommendation, but
could not efteft their purpofe, nor has their recommendation taken place even
to this day. Afterwards a conteft arofe betwixt Frederick William, Eledtor
of Brandenburg^ and '^ohn Adolfhin Duke of Saxe-WeiJJenfeh, concerning
the fovereignty in the principality of ^lerjurt, which the former claimed
by virtue of the above-mentioned treaty of peace, wherein it had not been
exprefly transferred to the eledtoral houfe of Saxony ; in 1687 however they
came to an agreement, by which the Eledor of Brandenburg made a formal
renunciation of all claims to the diftridls oi^ierfurt, Juierbock and Dahme^
freed them from any connexion with the Dutchy of Magdeburg, and confented
that Saxe-JVeiJJenfels, fhould by virtue thereof enjoy both feat and
voice in the Diet of the Empire, and likewife in that of the Circle of
Vpper-Saxony. On the other hand the Eledor of Brandenburg obtained to
his (liare the whole diftridl of Burg, and in confideration thereof, took upon
himfelf the difcharge of a demand of 34,452 rixdoUars, due to the Duke of
Saxe-Merfeburg, and to whom on that account the diftrid of WeiJJenfels
had been mortgaged. At the fame time John Adolpbus Duke of Saxe-
Weijenjeh, added the ^\^x\di^ oi Heldrungen, Wetideljiein and Siitichenbach to
the principality of ^erjurt. But when on the failure of the Weijfenfeh colateral-line
of the eledoral houfe of Saxony the principality of ^^lerfurt,
with its other territories, again reverted to the eledorate houfe, the diilrids
of Wendeljlein and Sittichenbach were difmembered from it. Thus at
prefent only the four diflrids of ^lerfurt, Juterbock, Dahme and Heldrungen
are included in this principality ; but the whole is reckoned a part of
the Circle of Thuringia, and as lying in the eledorate of Saxony.
§. 4. ^erfurt obtained both feat and voice in the Diet of Vpper-
Saxony in the year 1664, but its place has been contefted. In the circular
decrees of that year, the Envoy of Saxe-^erjurt fat and fealed before
thofe of the other Princes of the Saxon family; but in 1665 and 1672, it
was juft the reverfe, other houfes taking precedence of him. Afterwards
an alternative was agreed on betwixt Saxe-^erjurt and the Dukes of
Saxony of the Emejline line. With refped to rank, Pomerania, Anhalt and
^ediinburg have oppofed the voice of the ^lerfurt family. The afTeüment
of ^erfuri to the chamber at Wetzlar is forty-two rixdollars feven
kruitzers.
§. 5. We now come to a particular defcription of the feveral Diftrids in
which are,
this principality,
I. The Diflrid of ^erfwt, furrounded by the county of Mantjeld, the
diocefe of Merfebiirg, the diftrids of Freyburg, Wendeljlein, and Eckartfberga,
in the circle of T&/rzV;^/Ä, and the diftrid of ^^/f(^/, in the territories
oi Eijenach, In it is i. ^lerjurt

,62 GERMANY.
[Querfurt:'
I. ^lerfurt, a charter town, feated on the little river Weite, and fmall
in itfelf, but having large fuburbs. The number of houfes in all amount
to upwards of five hundred. The old caftle belonging to it ftands on a
hill; and here is likewife a fuperintendency. In the years 1619, 1640,
and 1678, a confiderable part of this town was deftroycd by fire. Anciently,
with its dependencies, it conftituted a lordüiip, the proprietors of
which, who were the Lords oi ^crjurt, failing in 1426, in the pcrfcn of
Bruno X. the lordfliip on his deceafe, fell as a vacant fief to the archbiüiopricof
Magdeburg, the feofi"ment excepted, which belonged to Saxony,
and which Duke Albert of that houfe affumed to himfelf. The Counts of
Mamfeld, though of the fame family with the Lords of %/

Pomerania.] GERMANY. 63
two fuburbs, the names of which are Dahme and Newmrk. This fown
is likewife the feat of a fupeiintendency. Its caQle has been demolirtied
for fome time. In the year 1537 the Eledlor of Saxotiy and the Land'Tave
of Hcjfe had a conference at this place, with "Joachim II. in order to prevail
upon him to accede to the Schmalkaldian confederacy. In i6i i there
was likewife a congrefs held here by feveral Princes, relative to the fuc-
..ceflion of 'Julien; and in 1644 a battle was fought in its neighbourhood,
betwixt the Swedes and Imperialißs,
to the advantage of the former.
2. To this diftrift belong twenty villages, among which are Hohen-
Ahlfdorf, Grqfeiidorf, Linde, MarkendorJ] &c.
IV. The (iiftrift of Dabme, containing
1. Dabme, a charter town, and the refidence of a fuperintendency.
Near this town is a feat, which was confiderably improved by Duke John
Adolphus, who alfo built a new fuburb near it. That Prince likewife
founded the orphan-houfe here. In 1747 the new convent-church received
confecration.
2. Twelve villages, as namely, GcberfdorJ, Gerfdcrf, Mchlfdorf, Zagdjdorj,
6cc.
'Jhe
Dutchy ö/'Pomerania.
§. r. ALL the maps oi Pomerania which have hitherto appeared, (land
*^ in need of great amendments, particularly with regard to the mathematical
parts. That publiflied by Eilhard Lubin, which he drew by
order of Philip and Philip Julius, Dukes of Pomerania, and which received
fume amendments from Frederick Palbizke,^ the bafis of all thofe that have
fince been publifhed by Sanfon, Jailloi, Mortier, De Wit, Homann, and
others. The map given us by the laft, conftitutes the fixty-firft in his
Atlas of Germany. Of the ifland of Rügen there is alfo a particular map
publiflied by the above-mentioned Luhin, and that map of the fame ifland,
given us by one of the Homanns, conftitutes the fixty-fecond in \.\\e\v Atlas.
In 1758 was publiflied a new imprefTion of Lubi?is, map, under the
title of Nova illujlrißmi Pvincipatus Fomeranice defcripiio, cunt adjujjBa
principum Gei^eahgid & principum veris & potiorum Vrbium iinaginibus
Wnobilium infignibus, in twelve fheets each, of the ufual fize of maps;
but the reprefentation of the dutchy itfelf fcarce takes up one third of all
the flieets, and has no kind of divifions in it, excepting that Sivcdii'h and
Brandenburg Pomerania, as fettled by the treaties of OJnabruck and Stockholm,
are diftinguifhed by coloured lines. The utility of this map, at prefent,
is inadequate to its fizc, and only ferves to increafe the public wiCb,
that profefTor Mayer

64 GERMANY. [Pomerania.
§.2. Pomerania to the eaft is bounded by Pomerelleii, which forms a part of
Ducal PrtiJJia, to the fjuth by Poland^ the New-Mark^ and Uckermark,
to the weft by the dutchy of Mecklenburg, and to the north terminates on
the Baltick. Its length, on that fea, is about fixty geographical miles,
and its breadth from eight to thirteen. Formerly it was of much greater
extent, reaching eaftward to the Vijlula, (fo that it included Pomerellcn)
.znd prelty hr into Great- Poland ; fouthward alfo part of the Nevj-Mark
and L/f/^^rwör^ belonged to it ; and to the weft, the country of 5/örg-^;-^,
with a part of the prefent dutchy oi Mecklenburg.
§. 3. The country is level, and of the few hills in it, that o^ Chollenberg,
between Coßin and Zano-w, is the principal. In fome parts indeed the foil
is fandy, but in moft pretty clofe and good, fo that the inhabitants have not
only every year a fufficiency of wheat, rye, barley and oats, for home
confumpfion, but export alfo great quantities. They likewife cultivate buckwheat,
vetches, turneps, peafe and beans, to great advantage, and in fome
parts millet, flax and hemp. It produces alfo a fufficiency of fruit ;
and foreign efculent plants would likewife thrive here. In feveral parts
of the country are fine heaths and forefts, and among the latter divers
of oak. The wood of thefe forefts is ufed not only for fuel, and the
building of houfes and veffels, but ferves alfo for making tar and charcoal.
Many parts too yield turf for fuel.
In Hither-Pomerania are fome mineral and fait fprings, among the
latter of which thofe of Colberg are particularly good and rich -, but the
country is not able to fpare a fufficient quantity of timber for the thorough
improvement of thefe fprings. At "Treptow likewife, on the Sidzhorß, betwixt
Camtnin and JVollin, near the eftate of Dobberpful, are fait fprings.
Thofe parts, which do not anfwer for tillage, are made ufe offer grafery,
which is very confiderable here. Its geefe are famous for their largenefs,
and in general the dried Pomeranian geefe, hams, faufages, and falmon,
pafs for the beft in all Germany.
The largeft river in Pomerania is the Oder, which the Pomeranians, in
their dialedt, call the Ader. This river comes direöly from the Mark of
Brandenburg, and below Stettin forms three lakes called the Dammfche
See, (which is one German mile in length and breadth) the Damanzke or
Damanzig, and the PJaffenwaffer ; after which it difcharges itlelf into the
frifche Hajf, (in Latin ftiled rece?is lacus) which abounds in fifli, and
is eight German miles in length, and betwixt three and four in breadth,
being divided into the Greater and Leßer. The greater Ä^^fbegins at the
end of the Pfaßcjiwaffer, betwixt the Zegcnort and Schwanteivitz, and
ftretching northward as far as the Diveno and Swine, there forms the
Pritter-See, reaching in length Jo the JVoitzker-Ort or Old Warpe. The
heifer Haffhtgxm at the Old Warpe, where that river forms the Warp Lake-,
and where that oiUfedom terminates in the Peene. Each of thefe branches
]»

Pomerania.] GERMANY, 6^
is about four German miles iti length ; the Hqff'ihcn i/lues into the Baltick
by three outlets, named the Diveno, Sivine, and Peetie. The other
rivers of note here are the Reckenitz, which is the boundary of Po~
mera7iia towards Mecklenburg; the Peene, already mentioned, which comes
out of the dutchy oi Mecklei^burg, and palling through xht Cummero-lake,
one half of which lies in Mecklenburg, and the other half in Pomerania,
receives into it the Trebel and ToUenJee, which likewife have their fource
in Mecklenburg ; after this it becomes navigable, and below Anklam forms
the lake of that name, as alfo the AchterivaJJer^ falling at laft bejow IVolgafi
or near Penemunde., into the Baltick. The XJcker has its fource in the
Uckermark, and being joined by the Rando, purfues its courfe into the Frljche
Hqff'.
The lima rifes in the borders of the New-Mark, near Reetz, and dividing
into tvvo branches, which are united again -ixStargard, where it becomes
navigable, at laft difcharges itfelf into the Damm-lake. The Rega
likewife has its fouice in the New-Mark, becomes navigable at New-
'Treptow, and into it receives the Mulfo, after which it enrers the Baltick,
near Fifcherdorf Diep. The Perfante iflues out of the lake of Pakuvet,
not far from New-Stettin, becomes navigable at Belgard, and being joi-ned
at Corlin by the Raduye, below Colberg, forms, at what is called the Munde,
a pretty good but chargeable harbour. It is remarkable, that an ifland
in the midfi: of this river affords rich falt-fprings. The Wipper rifes in the
country Ov Buto, out of the G^wz/'^-lake, which gives name to it, below
Rugenwalde receives the Grabo, which ilTuesoutofa lake near Gutzmin,
at this place becomes navigable, and afterwards difcharges -itfelf into the
Baltick. The Stolpe comes from a lake in Pomerella, and pafiing near
the town of Stdpe, two German miles below Stolpelmunde, falls into the
Baltick, The Lupo ifliies from a lake of the fame name in the country of
Buto, and -running into the Gard-lake near Schmolfm, at Rovcn, whe-re
its mouth .is but narrow, falls into the Baltick. The hebe rifes near Laiienburg,
and near Lebe forms the lake of that name, which is about three
German miles in length, difemboguing itfelf through a narrow outlet into
the Baltick.
Befidcs the abovementioned inland lakes,
here are many others, efpecially
in the Hither-Pomerania ; of thefe feveral are pretty large, particularly
in Caffuben, in Buto, znä Laiienburg. Thefe lakes, as well as the rivers,
abound in fifli, and fome of them afford lampreys j but moft of them alfo
fat bieys, which are frequently of twelve pounds weight. They afford
likewife great quantities of fJmon, efpecially near Stolpe and Rugenwalde,
•which being dried, are exported to diifant parts.
The fituation of this country on the Baltick is very advantageous for
trade and navigation ; though the cozd of Pomerania, efpecially about the
Oder, is very dangerous to veffels, unlefs they have the good fortune of
Vol. vi. K meetinc^

66 GERMANY. [Pomeranla.
meeting with a haven, of which indeed there are feveral. The ufual payment
of fliorage W3S abolished by Bogijhf X. but in 1743, confirmed
again in Prußan Fomerania^ namely, that after paying a reafonable falvage,
all ftranded goods lliould, without any expence or moleftation, be delivered
to the owner. Amber is found on the coafls of the Hither-Pomerama,
but not in fuch quantities as on thofe of PriiJJia.
§. 4. The whole dutchy of Pomerania confifts of fixty-eight towns,
which are divided into immediate and mediate. The former of thefe are
immediately under the fupreme tribunals of the country ; choofe their own
magiftrates, and out of the three capital towns of every province, the governing
burgomafters are appointed as States of the country, and fit in the Diets
thereof. On the other hand, the mediate cities are either under the King's
agents or noblemen, take the oath of fidelity and allegiance to their Lords
and patrons, attend their courts, and have the proceffes of townfmen, on
appeal, moved from their magiftracy to the courts of thofe agents or nobleffe,
under whom they are. Their iiiagiftrates are likewife appointed by
their Lords, and confirmed by the regency. The money paid to the
Prince by the immediate towns, for their jurifdidlion, is called Ohrhor or
Orbeede. Some of the mediate ones likewife have not been exempt from paying
money to their Lords, fo recently as
the cafe o'i Rwnmehburg^ and likewife
of Maßo, under the name oi jimkerthalers.
Of late, the number of burials in Pomerania, taken one year with another,
in the common courfe of nature, (epidemical years confequently
excepted) have amounted to above 12,000, whence the number of the
living may be computed at about 460,000. The inhabitants are chiefly
oiWendißo and Germaii original. From a record of Duke Bogißafl. it appears,
that fo early as the twelfth Century fome Gertnan peafants were
brought into this country by Monks of the fame nation, belonging to the
convent oi Colbatz ; but the firft mention which occurs of the Germa?! noble
families is about the year 1240. In general, the convents drew great
numbers oi Germans thither 5 the Dukes eredled new Ger/nan towns and
villages, and conferred very extraordinary imm-unities on them, infomuch,
that the oppreffed JVettds were defirous of enjoying the privileges of G^rfna?7s.
Thefe foreigners came chiefly out of the Brunfivick territories.
Though at firft the Germans were only tolerated in Pomerania, yet they
gradually fwallowed up the old inhabitants, excluding them from the
freedom of the German towns, and likewife from working in them ; whereas
they obtruded themfelves into the towns of the Wends, and fometimes even
made ufe of violence. The burthenlbme tribute payable by the Wends
was likewife of advantage to the Germans, and the German language being
that of the court, the Wendip^ foon became obfolete, though it is ftill
fpoken in fo'hie parts oi Hither-Pomerania, and in the circle of Äo/^i? the
CaJJubi

Pomerania.] GERMANY, 67
Cajfubs and Wends live intermixed with the Germans. Between the two
firfl languages there is little difference, both of them agreeing with the
PoUß:>, and coming up pretty nearly to it, jufl: as the Low-Dutch doth with
the High-Dutcb. The Polijh language too is fo intelligible to the Caß'ubs
and Wends, that their divine fervice is performed in it. The lorddiips of
Lauenburg and Buto have ftill fome villages oi Cajfubs, Of late divers foreigners
have fettled in Frußian Pojiierania^ particularly under King Frederick
II. beneath whom from the year 1746, fifty-nine villages and farms
have been built, and peopled with eight hundred and feventy-fix foreign
families ; and befides thefe, two hundred and eighty families have been
incorporated with former villages, which, by thefe means, have been enlarged.
The nobility here is numerous, and for fome ages part have enjoyed
great authority. Among them there are fome in the Hither-Pomerama,
who are diflinguifhed by the name of Schlofzgefiffe?ie, or having caßles,
as namely, the families of Flemining, Bork, Wedel, Deioitz, Oßen, Manteiifel,
and Blücher.
In Swedißj Pomerania the pre-eminence of the Schlofzgefejfene is grown
obfolete. The peafantry here are fo far under villanage to the nobles, that
they are bound to the feveral works of foccage ; alfo if after running away
they are difcovered, they mufl: be delivered up to their Lord, but if no
account can be got of them, the Nobleman puts another into the farm,
and furniflies him with horfes, cows, hogs, flieep, and corn, but he or
his children are liable to be ejefted at the difpleafure of the Lord. The
peafants about Riegen, Barth, the T'ollefi-hke, Pyri/z, and Rugeiiwalde, and
the generality likewife of thofe under the towns, are more happily circumftanced
; for, befides that they are exempt from any fervile duties
they inherit the farms, and, with the confent of their Lords, may fell their
inheritance, and remove out of the country, paying ten percent, of the purchafe
money to the Lord, and the new comer likewife pays a certain price.
The States of the country confifl: of the prelates, nobility and towns.
The prelates of Prußian Pomerania are the chapter oiCammin, with that of
St. Mary at Colberg, and the two chapters at Stettin.
§. 5. The greateft part of the inhabitants, fince the years 1534 and
1535, in which the reformation took place, have profeffed Lutheranifm,
though in fome parts there are Calvinißs and Cathoiicks. The Lutheran
churches are under the nifpedion of provofts, who are fubordinate to the
general fuperintendents. Pomerania has produced many eminent fcholars,
and exclufive of the country grammar-fchools here, at Stettin, Stralfund,
and Stargard, are colleges ; and at Griefswalde is an univerfitv.
§. 6. Of the feveral places where manufadlures and fabricks flourifli,
the principal are Stettin, Stargard, Colberg, Coßin, and Corlin; the towns
of the navigable rivers and along the Baltick carry on a confiderable trade,
particularly Stettin and Stralfund. With regard to the commerce at Stettin,
K 2
one

68 GERMANY. [Pomeranla.
one year's produce may give us fome idea of it. In 1756 the exports
from that town and Swinetmmde, to Hollafid, England-, France^ Spain^
Denmark, Norivay, Sweden, Prußa, Danzig, Mecklenburg, Lübeck, and
Hamburg, amounted to 10,089 pounds of blue (larch, (which is not a
manufaflure of the country, but imported into it) 72,210 pounds of antimony
; 1 171 ct. wt. of arfenick; 106 ct. wt. of tin plates i 106 pieces of
dimity; 251 pieces of flannel ; 107 tons of lapis calamincris ; 6649 half
chefts of glafs ; 17,608 rixdoUars worth of //öZ/ßW glafs ; wood of feveral
kinds ; 33, 1 86 cords for fuel 130,960 ; rixdollars worth of timber for building;
1401 fchocks (a fchock is any number of 60) of guiacum ; 2598 fchocks
of clapp-boards ; 30 marts ; 5179 planks; 8916 rixdollars worth of fliiptimber
; 22,861 fchocks of pipe-ftaves ; 8108 fchocks of hogflieadflaves
; 32,814 fchocks of tun-ftaves ; 22,526 rixdollars worth ofhaberdaOiery
ware; 24 cherts of cord; 436,960 rtone blocks; 639 ct. wt. of
glafs ; 147 tons of pot-adi ; 408 ct. wt. of madder; 1830 ct. wt. of
Icythes ; 233 tons of foap; 5812 ct. wt. of tobacco; 3448 pieces of cloth j
775 hundreds of Poland wool. All thefe goods were exported in 1671
veffels, befides ninety-feven which went away in ballaft.
§, 7. Thefe parts were anciently inhabited by the Suevi and Vandals,
under whom were comprehended the Goths, the Rugi, the Lemovi, and
other nations. Thefe quitting it about the middle of the fixth century, the
Slavi or We?idi entered the country, and meeting with an amicable reception,
fettled there in greater num.bers, diffufing themfelves all over the
country. But, it is to be obferved, that, before the eleventh century, no
name occurs either of the people or country of the Slavi, as fituated betwixt
the Oder and Viflula. Jldam 0*1 Bremen, in the thirteenth chapter of the
fccondhook of his church hirtory, was the firrt that called thofe people the
Sla'-oi, who inliabited this traft of land of the Pcmerariians, wherein he was
followed by Helmonde ; but they make no mention of any country, under
the name of Pomeranla. The firrt record in which the name of Pomerania
occurs, is a bull of Pope Innocent, bearing date in the year 11 40, for
the confirmation of the newly ereüed bifliopric of Pomeranla. This appellation,
in all appearance, is of Slavonlck etymology, being compounded
of the words Po. Marski, i. e. on, or near, the Jea, and in procefs of time
was extended to the country on the weft fide of the Oder. But betwixt
the Oder and the Warno lived the JVilzi, who are called the Welatabri and
the Liitizi. Thefe again divided themfelves into the Rheteri, who are fo
nam.ed from their ctiT^'Mzi PJjetere ; the Tollenfe, who derived their title from
the river Tollenje; the Circipeni, fo called from the Peene and the Kijzini, to
whom the town of KiJ'zin gave name. The Rugi lived in the ifle of Rugen^
The founder of the Dukes oi Pomeranla was Vxmzz Suantiborl. who died
in 1 107, and his four fons made the following divifion of his territories,
^'/^. JVartiJlaf znd Ratlbor 1. obtained to themfelves and their heirs, the
Anterior

Pomerania.] GERMANY. 69
Anterior-Pomerania, or the country betwixt the Warno at Roßcck and the
Ferjante, together with the prefent New-Mark ; and Bogißaj\ and ^iiantipolk
I. inherited the Hijidcr-Pomerania, by which is meant the country
betwixt the Perfcmte, Brake, and the Vißula, with part alfo of the palatinates
of Pojhi and Kalifch in Poland, as far as the Netze and the
Warte; that trail excepted, which the latter afterwards wrefted from the
Poles, and the former from the Marggraves of Brandenburg. Thus the
bounderies between the two capital divifions of Pomerania were the Pcrjante
and CboUenherg ; but thefe occafioned continual altercations betwixt
both families, though the principal bone of contention was the caftellaney
of Belgard, which the Princes of the Anterior-Pomerania were pepetually
thirfting after ; and on the other fide, the Princes of the Hinder-Pomerania
abfolutely infifted that the Perfante fliould be a limit to the refpeclive territories.
The houfe of Hinder-Pomerania failed in the year 1295, in
the perfon of Duke Meßovin II. after lofing Pommerella. This lafl: Duke,
indeed at the defire of his fubjeds, had fettled the fucceflion of his territories
on the kingdom of Poland ; but the houfe of Anterior-Pomerania feized
on the greateft part of it.
Cajimir and Bogißaf, brothers, and Dukes of the Anterior-Pomerania.,
made a tender of their territories to the Etnperor and Empire, and in 1 i8t
were by the Emperor Frederick I. created Princes thereof. After the extinction
of the Dukes of Hinder-Potnerajiia, Duke Barnim I. reduced
that country as far as Stolpe. His two fons Bogißaf W. and Otho I. agreeing
about a divifion of their hereditary dominions, the former founded the
Wolgaß line, and the latter that oi Stettin, which became extindt in 1464,
in the perfon of Otho III. Upon this the former immediately took poffeflion
of his territories, to which the Eledlor of Brandenburg, by virtue of
a compadl of inheritance concluded with Barnim the Great, alfo laid claim,
but were obliged to reft contented with the reverfion thereof, on the
failure of the Wolgaß line. Under Wartißaf YV . this line inherited Riigen,
which, till that time, had been governed by Princes of its own, and a
great part of the Hither-Pomerania, among which was the dutchy of
Wenden ; and with the principality of Rügen, acquired likewife the office of
grand huntfman of the empire. Barnim IV. and Bogißaf Y. fons to Wai'-
tißafs, divided their father's lands among them ; the former retaininp-
Wolgaß, and the latter Wenden ; the hne of the latter became extindt in
his grand-fon, but the former continued till the year 1637, when the,
united lineage of the Dukes o^ Pomerania came to a period in Duke Bogißaf
XIV. The elefloral houfe of Brandenburg had indeed the nearefi; claim
to Pomerania ; but at the tixaty of Weßphalia, all the Hither-Pomerania,
together with the principality of Riigen, and Hinder-Pomerania^ Stettin,
Garz, Dam, Golnau, the ifland of Wollin, the Oder, and the Frifhen Haß',
with its three outlets» were affigned to Sweden ; and all the Eledor of
Bran^

:
JO
GERMANY. [Pomerania.
Brtmdefiburg had was the remainder of Hither-Pomefania, together with
the diocefe of Cammit7, which was changed into a temporal principahty
Sweden likewife obtained the reverfion of the Brandenburg part of Potnerania^
on the failure of the male-line ofthat houfe. On the other hand,
the crown of Swede}?, by the northern war, and the peace of Stockholm,
which followed it in 1720, loft the greateft part of the Hither-
Pomerania, ceding forever to Frederick William, King of Pmßa, his
heirs and defcendants, the city of Stettin, with the whole country lying
betwixt the Oder and the Peene, as alfo the iflands of Wollin and Ufedom,
and the mouths of the Swine, Diveno, the Frißben Haf, and Oder, as far
as its conflux into the Peene, where it iofes its name : which faid river
Peene is to continue tlie boundary, to be held in common by them, fuch
places excepted as one of the parties is in full poffeffion of.
§. 8. In the college of Princes, two votes are given at the Diet for Pomerania,
one in the name of the King of Sweden, as Duke of Anterior-
Pomerania, the other in the name of the King oi Prußa, as Duke of Hinder-
Pomerania ; and the like takes place likewife in the circle of Upper-Saxony.
The crown of Sweden is afl'elTed in the fum of one. hundred and twentythree
rixdollars, twelve Kr. and two thirds, to the chamber at Wetzlar; and
Brandenburg or PruJJia, pays towards it the fum of two hundred and
feventy rixdollars, forty-nine Kr. and a half.
§. 9. By virtue of the pc3iCQ of Weßphalia, both Sweden and Brandenburg,
are permitted to bear the title and arms of each of the Pomeranias ;
but thofe of
the principality of Rügen are limited to the former, notwithftanding which
the King of Sweden, though fummoned to the Diet as Duke of Pomerania
and Prince of Rügen, bears neither the arms nor title of Pomerania :
whereas the King of Pn/^/ö, on account of his fhare in it, ftiles himfelf
Duke oi Stettin and Fomeraiiia, as alfo of the Cajfubi and Wends, which,
together with the arms of this dutchy, have been taken notice of under
the article of the Mark oi Brandenburg, fee Vol. V. p, 634. The ancient
Dukes of Pc7nerania, as Princes of Riigen, were grand huntfmen to the
holy Roman empire ; but other Princes of the empire have likewife been
inverted with that title, which however in each of them is reftrided to
a particular part
thereof.
§. 10. The crown of Sweden, over the {hare it has in Pomerania, appoints
a governour-general, who refides at Stralfund, where likewife is kept the
regency, war-office, and court of appeal, in which alfo military affairs are
difpatched ; at Greifnvalde likewife is a royal tribunal, and a provincial confifiory.
The higheft court of appeals in the Swcdißi Antei-icr Pomerania
is
held at Wifmar.
The Prußian regency
both for the Anterior and Hinder-Pomerania, has
its feat at Old-Stettin, where likewife are kept the war and demefne offices,
with the civil and criminal court of juftice for both the Pomeranias, and
the

.
:
'
Pomerania.] GERMANY. ji
the council belonging thereto, as likewife the confiftory. Cofzlin too has a
royal court of jullice belonging to it, together with a confiftory for the
Hinder-Pomerania
§. II. The whole revenue of both the Sivedijh Pomcranias, in the year
1753 amounted only to 124,000 rixdollars, whereas Pi-ujian Pomeraiua
annually brings in the fum of 800,000.
§.12, The divifion of Pomerania into the Anterior and Hinder has not been
always the fame. In the twelfth century the country betwixt the JVa7'no,
in tile prefent dutchy of Mecklenburg and the river PerfatUe, was ftiled the
Anterior-Pomerania, Hinde7--Pomerania fignified that country betwixt the
Perfante, Brake and Vißula. In the feventeenth century, the country
known by the name of the Anterior-Pomerania did not fo much as extend
from the Reckenitz to the Oder. For the crown of Sweden obtaining
it by the treaty of Weßphalia-, Settin and Garz, though lying to the
weft of the Oder were conlidered as belonging to Hinder-Pomeranta,
but affigned notwithflanding to that crown. At prefent the country
fituated betwixt the Reckenitz and the Oc/i?r, is ufually ftiled /f/?/"mor (in
Latin Pomerania citerior) as the country betwixt the Oder and Pomerella bears
the name 0^ Hinder-Pomerania ox Pomerania Ulterior, whence conlequently
the Oder is to be confidered as the boundary, between the two Pomeranias.
But the maps hitherto publifhed, inftead of dividing them in this manner,
include alfo in the Anterior Pomerania, part of the dutchy of Stettin,
which lies between the Oder and Ihna. The country betwixt the
Ihna and Lebe, is particularly called the dutchy of Pomerania, and is likewife
divided into the Anterior and Hinder, of which the country betwixt
the Ihna and Wipper, and confequently alfo the dutchy oi Cafflibia belong to
the former, and in the latter is reckoned the country betwixt the Wipper
and Lebe, together with the dutchy of Wenden. Agreeably to the prefent
ufage thereof, we fliall reckon the Oder the boundary betwixt Anterior and
Hinder-Pomerania, and begin our account with
I. ANTE R 10 R-P O ME RANIA,
And the Pri?icipality 0/" R u g e n,
I .
Of the Sivedißo part
To which belongs
I. The principality of Rügen, anciently called Rola or Royen, being an
ifland in the Baltick, but not above one fourth of a Ger7nan mile from the
continent, with which alfo it probably at one time communicated. This
ifland is feven German miles in length and about as many broad. It derives
its name from the Rugi, who at firft inhabited thefe Pomeranian coafts beyond
the

2 GERMANY.
[Pomerania.
the Oder, but afterwads removed on this fide that river, making the country
called after their name, their chief place of refidence. In the thirteenth
century the Princes of Rügen alfo conquered a trafl of land on the continent,
which afterwards was ftiled the principality of Barth, but on the
deceafe of the laft Prince of i?«^^??, namely Duke IVcirtißqf'X.1. who died
in 1478, Rugai became united with Pomerania under the government
of Duke of Bogißaf. In ij68 Waldeniar \. King of Denmark fubdued
Rügen, demolilhed the temple there, and fuppreffed the worfliip of the
idol Svantevits, compelling the inhabitants to embrace chriflianity. Thus
the Princes oi Rügen became vafliils to the crown of Denmark. In 1309
Eric VII. King of Detimark granted to the families of Putbus and Grißo,
who were appenaged lines of the houfe of the Princes of Rngen, the reverfion
of the provinces of fVifio and Jaßmind, in cafe the principality of Rügen
Ihould become vacant, as a compenfation for their pretenfionS; which by
rif'ht of confanguinity they would have had to the fucceflion of the princip;üity.
But the latter of thefe Princes dying in 1325, the principality was
not incorporated with the crown of Denmark, but conferred as a fief on
WartißaflY. and thus the reverfion above-mentioned did not take place.
At the treaty of Weßphalia, Rügen was added to the crown of Swede?! as a
particular principality. At the peace of Rofchild in 1658, and likewife at
that oi Copenhagen in 1660, Denmark ceded to Sweden all the jurifdidtion
civil and ecclefiaftical, which til] that time it had exercifed over certain
lands in the principality of Rügen,
The fea not only environs this illand, but penetrates every where fo
far into it, as to form feveral other iflands and peninfulas. The foil here
is very fruitful, efpecially in all kinds of grain, infomuch that every year
Ibme thoufands of lafts are fliipped off for Stralju7id. It breeds likewife
abundance of cattle, yields a prodigious plenty of fifli, but is fupplied
with the fuel it wants from Pomerania, though fome places afford turf.
The nobility here are very numerous and enjoy confiderable privileges,
their procefies being ufually tried firft at the provincial court, whereas all
the other inhabitants, both in the country and towns, have their firfl:
hearing at the courts neareft to them, after which they remove their
taufes to the fupreme tribunal. As the fupreme and provincial tribunals,
however agree raiione jurifdiBiottis, and confequently ih& jus prasveniionis
fiibfifls here, the plaintiff is at liberty to fue the defendant either in the
fupreme or provincial courts; and feveral families are adually exempted
from the jurifdiftion of the latter, or at leaft have a defire of being fo.
The prefident of the provincial tribunal is the prefedl: or governor, who
both by virtue of an ancient cuftom and a particular privilege granted
hy Frederick!. VJ\r\g oi Sweden, in 1720, mufl be a native and nobleman,
and to his afliftance are affigned a fecretary and purveyor.
Rügen contains twenty-feven parilhes, which are divided into the four
I
provoftfliips

Pomerania.] GERMANY.
73
provofllhips of Ä'/'^^'??, Gingß, Poretiiz znd Witto-jafmund. It never had
a fpecial fuperintendant refident on the fpot ; ecclefiaftical affairs here,
being fubjedl to the inlpecflion of the general fuperintendant of the Farlher-
Pomerania,
The principality oi Rügen confifls of
I. The country itfelf, in which is
1. Bergen, a fmal! open town fituated in the centre of the ifland,
and the feat of the provincial court of juftice, a prefedurate and a
provoftfliip, as alfo the refidence of a governor, and the place where the
nobles hold their affemblies. In it is a convent for young ladies, founded
in 1
193 by Jaromar I. Prince of Rügen, which at prefent confifts of a priorefs
and eleven fifters. This convent has likewife two curators belonging to
it, who are nobles, and of thefe the governor always makes one. The abovementioned
Prince Jaromar I. had, in i igo, peopled this place with Saxons,
but at that time it was only a village, in which flate it continued till the
year 1613, when it obtained a charter in its own jurifdidion. In
1621 eighty houfes were burnt down here. During the thirty years war
which followed foon after, and the firft fucceeding Brandenburg war,
above one hundred of its houfes were deflroyed by fire, and again in 1690,
1715 and 1726, it fuftered confiderably by the dreadful calamity.
To the pariÜi of Bergen, exclufive of the town of that name, belong
thirty-eight villages and farms.
The following parilljes likewife are reckoned within the provoftfliip of
Bergen.
2. The parifli of Vilmnitz, containing fifteen villages and farms, all
which are under the jurifdiction of the Counts oi Piitbus, who are defcended
from Stoifwif 1. appenaged Prince of Riigen, whole grandfon Borante, at
the mediation of i^^/Vf/w I. Duke of Pomerania, entered in 1249 '"'^^ '^^ '^'Ctvocable
compadt of inheritance, with 'Jaro77iara his grandfather's brother's
grandfon, by virtue of v.'hich compadl he confirmed to him, as an hereditary
appenage the whole parifh oi Boranten hagen, in Pomerania; and in
Rügen, the whole diftritfl oi Reddiviize or Redefvitz, now called Monkguth,
together with the parilh of Lanken, the territory of Streye, the whole
ip-w\(h. of Vilmnitz, and a third part of the country of Jafmund : which
eftates Borante and his heirs poflefs by the fame right as the Prince of
Rügen holds his territories, and are not revernble to the princely line, with
the addition however of this motive, that the faid Borante is a lawful defcendant
of the princely ftock, even from the times of paganifm. As
among the farms confirmed to Borante and his heirs, the Piitbus farm in
this parifh of Vilmnitz made one, and this being likewife the refidence of
thefe appenaged Princes, they took on themfelves the titles of Lords of
Piitbus. In the prefent century the JDj/z^y?^ or Barons of Putbus, began
to afllime the title of Counts, of whoa:» Maurice Vlrich was the fir.Q:, Än-
VoL. VI. L ciently

;
74 GERMANY. [Pomeranla.
ciently the lordHiip of Piithm had feveral noble families for its vafTalls
and to this day that of Lonkcn at Woßenaifz and Reetz ; together with the
lordfhip o'i Barneko, at Sikitz -, as alfo that of Norman at Tribbratz, with
the pollcfiois of an alienated manfion-houfe in Bergen, hold fiefs of it.
The moft remarkable places in the parilh of Vilmnitz arc,
Vihnnitz, the church-village.
Putbus, the feat of the Counts which gives title to them j and likewife to
the dwellings around.
Great-Strefo, a village, where in 171 5 the allied troops landed.
3. The parifh of Cafnevitz, confifting of feventeen villages and farms, a
«Treat part of which belong to the Counts of Putbus. This parirti of Caffievitz,
war. anciently called Carpievitz and afterwards Kerf/wvitze.
4. The parifli of Patzig, which exclufive of the parochial village of
Patzig, includes likewife fourteen other villages and farms, fome of which
belong to the royal prefedlurate of Bergen, and others to noblemen.
5. The parifli of Zircko, confirting of twcnty-feven villages and farms.
This pariih was anciently called the country of Streye or Streige and as
before belonged to the hereditary eftates of the founder of the Lords of
Putbus, whole grandfon Boraute on the marriage of his brother Bigni/i's
daucfhter with Count Jatzke, mortgaged to him, as a fecurity for the
llipulated portion of five hundred marks of filver, a confiderable part
of the county of Streye, which from its being pofTefied by the Count,
came afterwards to be called the country of Streye. The houfe of Putbus
not redeeming it. Count Jatzko in the year 1298, was by Prince IVitzlaf
II. adually invefted with the county. About the year 1322, it came to
Lorenz Jonque the Danißj governor on his marriage with Margaret the
Countefs of Gutzko, but in 1334 his great debts obliged him to mortgage
it to the Lords of Putbus, and thus till the year 1421, it continued united
to the other part of the country of Streye, but in that year Pridbor II.
Lord of Putbus afligned it over to Peter Bifhop of Rofchild, retaining the
perpetual power of redemption thereof to himfelf and heirs. The Lords
of Putbus, however though fince the year 1553, they have made feveral
applications for it, have not been able to fucceed ; the Barjieko family of
Ralfewick, to whom it was transferred by the bifliop of Rojchild, ftill continuing
in poffeffion of the county, as it was formerly called, and to
which are annexed the villages of Streye, Schmacht, Hagen, CraditZy
Iribßtz, and fome farms and houfes at Zirko and Dalkviiz.
The other villages and farms of this parifh belong to the Count of
Putbus,
the roval prefedurate at Bergen, the Normans and other families.
6. The parifli of Lanken, including the church-village of Lanken,
with fixteen other villages and farms fubjedl to the jurifdidion of the
Counts of Putbus.
The following parishes belong to the provoflfhip of Pcferifz ; viz.
7. The

Pomeranla.] GERMANY, 75
7. The parilh of Poferitz. The village of this name is the feat of
the provoftihip.
8. The pariOies of Ziidar and Sivanto.
9. The parifli of Garz, which is fo called from Garz, a place formerly
famous under the name of Cbarenz, a fort and town of the RugL The
firft of thefe was denioliflied in 1169, but the laft remains ftill in being,
and in 13 19 was erecfted into a town, by virtue of a charter of Prince
Witzlaf III. in which ftate we now find it. This town, which is But
fmall, lies within the prefedlurate of Bergen. To the parish of Garz
belongs
likewife
Rofengarten-, a royal demefne.
10. The pariQi oi Gußo, fituated in the church-village of that name,
is a noble feat.
11. The parifli of Alten-fahr. The church-village of Alten-fnhr
lies without, on the flrait oppofite to Stralfund, and derives its name from
the ferry, which, from time immemorial, has been in thefe parts, and in
the mofi ancient charters of Stralfund is termed antiquum paffagium.
12. The paridies of Rambin and Samtenz.
The following paridies belong to the provoftfhip of Gingß : viz.
13. The paridi of Gingß; the village of Gingß^ in records called
Ginß, Gynxß, &c. is the feat of the provoftOiip. Its church, fince the fire in
1726, has been rebuilt to fuch advantage, both for dimenfions and
beauty that it furpafles any in the whole country.
14. The parifh oi 'Trent.
1 5. The parilh o^ Schaprode. Both this parifh and the country were formerly
known by the name oi IFolwige. In the thirteenth century Schaprode was
created a diftind lordfliipwlth veryconfiderable privileges, but came to a period,
at
the time when the principality of Rügen fell to the Dukes of Pomerania.
16. The parifhes of Rappicn, Neuenkircben a.nd. La?ido.
2. Of the following peninfulas and iflands.
1. The country or peninfula of Witto, fituated on the north fide of
the country of Rügen, and connefled with °Jajmund by a narrow ftrip of
land called the Schmale Heide, is very fertile in wheat. About the year i 1 34,
this peninfula was invaded by Erich III. King of Denmark, who compelled
the /^z/g-/ to embrace chriftianity. In 1168 IVoldem'ar King of Denmark made
himfclr' mafter of the caüle of Arkona, which he deftroyed, together
with the idol Sv/Ditcvit. It does not manifePdy appear that this place ever
made any great figure in commerce. In 1309, King Erich VII. on the
vacancy of the principality of Rügen, made a grant of the countries of
I'F'itto and Jafmund, to the appenaged lines of the princely houfe of
Putbus and Grijlo, as a fatisficlion for their claims to the fucceliion of the
principality, but they never obtained adual pollefiion of them ; the parifiies
of Witto and 'Jajmund are under the direction of a particular provoftlhip.
L 2
In

^6 GERMANY, [Pomeranla.
In Witto lie the paridies of JVyck and Alten'-K^rcljeii : the htter of whicll
tonltitutes a populous market-town.
2. The peninlu'.a of Jafmund oa the eafl: fide of the country of Rugrn,
ioins to the northward by a narrow ftrip of land with fTino, and to the
Vjuthward by another to the ifland of Rugen : being about three Gennan
miles in length, and in its greatefl: breadth two. The point of this peninfula
makes what, is called the promontory of Stubben-ßaiivner, or more properly
Cammcn or Skammin, i. e. üßone or rock, and forms a fteep and very lofty
chalky fliore, the mod elevated part of which is called the Konigißuhl, i. e.
the Kitig %- chair. Near it to the fouthward is a deep part environed by the
clift, in form of an amphitheatre, and out of it a very clear water precipitates
itfelf with an aftonidiing noife, running among the builics which
cover this bottom, after which it haflens towards the fea. The large bay
lituated betwixt the twopeninfulas of^/^/w/^W and Witto is called Trompernvyck.
The mouth of this bay is of confiderable extent, and fronts the
north-eaft, for which reafon it frequently proves deftrudlive to fliip?,
which in hazy weather or dark nights are driven by the violence of the
wind, when it blows from that quarter, too near it. The whole of this promontory,
to the extent of a German mile is covered by the wood of
Stuf)benitZ: In the midft of this deep wildernefs, is a walled place in
which is faid formerly to have flood the temple of the goddefs Hertha.
Near it too is the Black-lake, which is one hundred and fixty paces wide,
and betwixt ten and eleven fathom deep. All the fifh in this lake are black
on the outfide, but the fle{h white like that of others, and very palatable.
On this peninfula fland likewife the parifhes of Sagard and Bobbin, the
former of which has its name from the little town of Sagard, belonging to
the Spiecker eftate : The latter lies in the parilh of Bobbin.
3. The peninfula of Afo^^^^A'//:', on the fouh-eaft part of Rugen, was
formerly called the country of Reddevitze or Redefivitz, and reckoned a part
of the country of Streye, though accounted of itfelf, a diftindl country.
Pridbor and T'etz, Lords of Putbus, difpofed of this peninfula to Jatz'ko
Count of Gutzko-, on his obtaining Streye by virtue of his marriage in 1295,
and one^^o Hakfon,v.'\\o feems to have acquired it in this fame manner,
difpofed of it to the convent of Eldena, by which means it gradually loft
its ancient name of Reddeviize, and came to be called Monkguth. On
the fupprefllon of the convent of Eldena, it was annexed to the royal
domain. The narrow neck of land by which this peninfula is connefted
to the northward with the great ifland of Riigcn, was formerly interfered
by a deep canal. To the part betwixt the little ifland of Rudcn, at about
"two German miles diftance, is the New 'Tief, which was firfl occafioned
by a violent tempefl and innundation of the fea, in the year 1304 or
1309, whereas before that time, the country of Monkguth and the ifle of
Riiden^ lay very near each other. The Monkguth eftate confuls of the pariHi
chiirch

Pomeranla.]
GERMANY,
church of Grofzztckcr, to which belong five villages, the filial church of
Hagen with fix villages and a manfion-houfe annexed thereto. Both thefe
churches are tulijed to the provoftlhip of Bergen. The village of Reddcvitze
or Redefivitz, from which the peninfula obtained its ancient name,
is
incorporated with the parilh of Hiigen.
4. Ruden, a fmall ifiaiid fituated amidfl fiicals and fandbank?, whence
it is probable that it was once much larger ; and what puts this beyond all
doubt, is, that in the year 1264, it had two church-villages called Ruden
and Carven. On this iiland is a caftle which defendeth the entrance into
the New 'Tief. Betvv'ixt it and the little iiland of Die, is a fand two
German miles in length and half a one broad.
5. The iiland of Unmanz, which lies weft of Rt/gr;i. The parllh to
which this belongs, fiands within the provofifliip of Gingß.
6. The ifland of Kiddenfce, properly called Hiddenfo, alio lying to the
w:ft of Riige7j, and being two German miles in length, though in moft
places not above half a one broad. The foil of this ifland is fandy, and if
Cüufidered with refped: to its bignefs, afi^ords little corn-land. On the hills
to the north formerly grew a beauthul foreft of pines, but in the thirty
years war this foreft was deftroyed, infomuch that the only fuel the
poorer fort here are now able to procure, is turf and dried cow-dung. Its
fuuth point lies on the "Jelleyi or Gellen., and from the large lanthorn on the
top of \\ which is light in winter nights for the faiety of rtiipping, is
called the Leuchte or light-houje. In the thirteenth century, it firfl belonged
to the lordfiiip of Schaprede, but was even at that time the property of a
convent, which flood in this ifland, the church belonging to which is llill
the parochial-church there, and has fome houfes near it. Next to this
parilh the village o^ Grieben is the mofl: confiderable. That oiVitte fubfifts
wholly by fiiliing. Glambeck is fallen to decay, but fome houfes have been
built near it, under the title of the Neudorf. The village of Plogßcigen, is
at prefent reduced to a very low condition. All thefe feveral places form
a parilli, which belongs to the provoftfliip of Gingß.
II. The country of Stralfund was in former times, and even fo lately
as the twelfth century called the country oi Pitne, from the church-village
of Putt, formerly named Pitne ; but on the increafing profperity of the
city of Stralfund, obtained the appellation of Terra and Advocatia Sundisy
and in the German records is fi:iled the go'vernment of Stralfund. The appellation
of Terra Sundis, firft occurs in the patent of enfeoffment granted
in 1304, hy Erich Kixngoi Denmark to VnncQ WitzlaflY. So early as the
year 1290, the city of Stralfund had obtained from Prince Witzlaf III.
the property of all the eftates, lands and farms on both fides of the water,
for the diftance of one German mile.
Stralfund, in the middle ages called Stralaivc, Straleffund, Sunde and
Sundis, the capital of Sivediß Pomerania, lies on a ftrait of the fea called
the

,
78 GERMANY. [Pomcrania.
the Gellen or JeUen, betwixt the continent ofPomennia and the ifland of Rügen.
It derives its nanae from the narrow Sujide, or llrait which lies betwixt
it and the little ifland of Danholm, anciently called Strela. It is very ftrong,
being fo lurrounded by the fea, that it is accefllble only over bridges, and
has hefides very good fortifications. It is the refidcnce likewife of the King's
governor general, of the regency, the war-office and the place where the States
of S'wedijh Pomerania hold their meetings. It has alfo its own confiftory
independent of the provincial confiftory at Greifswaldey with a gymnafium
of good reputation, and its citizens form a numerous body, among whom
are many iUbftantial merchants. Charles XII. King of Sweden enobled its
magiftracy in 17 14, and in 1720 King Frederick I. extended the like
honour even to the members of the council. This city v/as founded in
1209 by Jaromar I. Prince of Rügen, for the better fccurity of the continental
part of bis principality which he had recovered from the Pomeranians
but was foon after furprifed and deftroyed by Bogißaf and Cajimir II.
Dukes of Pcw^/-j?z/

Pomerania.]
GERMANY.
3.Ths \'\qo^ Z'ingß, which lies between the Baltkk and the bnyof Barth
i« leparated from Darz by the Preroio-channel. This iflaiid foimcrly was
79
likewife interfedled by another little current called Strominke, but the nu)iitJi
of this current being, in 1625, choaked up with fand during an inundation,
its waters ran off into the bay oi Barth, and thus thefe two iflands becanie
united. From hence it appears to be an error in the maps, to make therrj
ftill two feparate iflands : the eaftern part belongs to the city of Stralfund.
4. The peninfula of Darz is parted from the ifland of Zi?igst, by the
Prdrow-cbannel, but joins with the land of Wujlro, belontring to Mecklenburg,
and commonly called the Fijchlajide, by a fmall flrip confifting of
gravel or fand, from which, in 1625, it had indeed been feparated by a
violent inundation, fo as to become wholly an ifland ; but the fca again
choak'd up the mouth of this channel. In the fame year likewife the
force of the water cniried away a confiderable piece of land, and lodcrcd
it within the jurifdidtion of the town oi Barth ; which ever fince that time
has poflefl'ed the right of pafturage on it, paying a certain acknowledgment
to the prefeäurate. Darx has from time immemorial been a
princely chace, and the Princes of Riigen, and after them the Dukes of
Pomerania, had not only a hunting feat here, but by reafon of their frequent
refidence at it, alfo an office. On the ifland o^ Darz is Prero, a parochial-village,
near which formerly flood Hertesburg ; Born and Wyck,
two confiderable villages on the Saler-Boddeft ; together with BUfenradt, a
village, and Arenßope, a farm, belonging to the Prince, the' erroneoufly
inferted in the maps on the borders of Mecklenburg, towards the country
^
of Wuflo.
5. Damgard, in the middle ages failed Damgur, Damgor, and Damngora,
i. e. Dammberg, an open town, fituated not far from Reckenitz. This
place ftands on an eminence, which, near the Dam, defcends in a flope
towards Reckenitz : and has a caflle. In the year 1258, Prince Jaromar II.
crefted it into a town, which in 1571 was deflroyed by fire. Damgard is
accounted a good pafs.
6. Jribjees, in the middle ages filled Trebofes, 7ribofes, Jrihufees, Tribefcs,
and 'Trebezes, a fmall town, having a bailiwick. Prince Witzlaf III.
in the year 1285, raifed this place to a town, and at the fame time conferred
on it feveral rights, with a confiderable territory. In 1702 it was
deflroyed by fire. This place is reckoned a pafs into Mecldenburg.
7.
Grtjn, otherwife called Grimmen, and by ancient writers Gritnus, a
fmall town, which in 11 90 was environed with a wall, when, like all
the other towns of Rügen, by command of its Prince, it admitted Saxons.
In the year 1350 this place was burnt by the Mecklenburgers,
8. Franzburg, a baiUwick-town, built in 1587, on the fpot where formerly
flood the opulent abby oi Niencamp. The founder of it was Duke Bogißaj
XIII. who gave it this name in honour of his father-in-law, Duke Fra-ncis
of

go GERMANY. [Pomcmnia.
of Lüneburg : he had before converted the ancient convent here into a
iTianfion-houfe. By his appointment, the inhabitants of this new town, inflead
of purluing tillage and grafery, were to apply themfelves entirely to
arts and manufadures ; for the fevcral inflruments and materials of which,
the charges were advanced by eight noblemen, who entered into a convention
with the Duke, to partake equally of the gain. None but noblemen
were to be capable of the magiftracy, and out of the hundred who
had undertaken to build the place, feven counfellors of regency were
chofen, one of whom, as prefident, reprefented the Duke. More of this
fingular and remarkable legiflation may be feen in Schwartzcns EJJay toivards
a hißory of the fiefs of Fomerania ana Rügen.
o. Ricbtenberg, a bailiwick-town, fituated on the Trcbel, and formerly
having falt-works.
IV. The county of Gutzko, till the thirteenth century fliled only the
country oi Gutzko, in 1 183 was conquered and held by Jaromar I. Prince
oi Rügen, but in 1216 fell again under the dominion of the Dukes of Pomerania.
About the year 1240, it appears to have been conferred, under
the title of a county, on the fifter's fon of Pribifiaf, the lafl King of Brafidenbiirg,
who was alfo called Jatzko of Soltivedel, or on his fons, faizko
and Conrad. The counts of Gutzko wers connedled with the dutchy of
Pomerania, as feudataries, and the county, by the deceafe of Jolm Count
oi Gutzko, in 1357, devolved to the feveral Dukes oi Pomerania ; by which
means both the houfes, namely that of Wolgaß and Stettin, obtained an
equal fhare thereof Afterwards it became an appenage of Duke Barnim
VII. with the exercife of all princely honours and privileges over it ; and
hnce that time, this county never had its own particular Lords, In it is
I. Gutzko, in ancient records ftiled Clozck, Chotzckowe, &zc. and otherwife
called Guze, Gucekow, and Gufcow, a fmall|place, enjoying town privileges,
and fortified fo early as the twelfth century. About the year
1164 it was taken and burnt by Waldemar I. King cf Denmark, and
Duke Henry the Lion. It has alfo fuffered greatly by fire in the prefent
century. The general fuperintendent of Anterior-Pomerania, is always
Plebanus of Gutzko, and likewife fole patron of the churches there, which
brings him in a good income.
2. Loitz^ formerly called Lifitz, Lofitz, Sec. a fmall town, having a
ciftle, which, together with its appurtenances, was ereded, in the thirteenth
century, into a lordfliip, belonging to a branch of the Putbus family. At
this place is a bailiwick, and it preferves likewife the memory of the ancient
dwellings of the Leutici.
3. Nehring, a caftle, manor, and village.
4. Greifs-ucaide, anciently called Wold, Gripefwolde, Gripefii;ahi, and
Gnphefvjald, a town, fituated near the navigable waters of the Rick, which
dlfcharges itfelf into a bay of the Baliick, where the town has a coi enient
harbour.

.
Pomerania.] GERMANY. 8i
harbour, at the diftance of about half a German mile from the fea. According
to Profeffor Mß)vr's obfervations, made in 1753, this place ftands
in the latitude of fifty-four degrees, five minutes, nine feconds and threefourths,
and contains a royal tribunal, and an univerfity, founded in 1456,
but revived in 1539. The chancellor of this univerfity is likewife governor
of the Swedif:} Anterior-Fomerania. Having been elegantly rebuilt, it
was confecrated in 1750, in which year a German fociety was alfo erefted
here. In the town are likewife three parifh-churches, and a grammarfchool.
The general fuperintendant of the Swedißo Antertor-Pomerania is
always vice chancellor of the univerfity, and profefibr of divinity, and one
of the three paftors here j the two others being likewife profefibrs of divinity.
Grcifswalde enjoys a good trade, befides great privileges and divers
landed efiiates. It was built in the year 1233, by the abbot of Elcicfjo,
within his own jurifdiiäion, and peopled with Saxons, who fettled here
under a very advantageous charter. In the year 1249 the abbot conferred
this town as a fief on JVartiJlaflll. Duke of Pomerania, and on his
death, Duke Barnim obtained it. Near the town are fome good falt-fprings,
but, for want of fuel, no ufe is made of them.
To Greifswalde belongs the ifland of Oie, in the Baltick, fituated at about
five Germon miles diftance, and for this reafon it is called Greifsivaldifcke
Oie. In the year 1 191 it was conferred on the faid town by Duke Bogißaf
IV". under the appellation of Svand-Wußerhanfen, or Waffer-JVußrofe.
Of the villages belonging to the town, the mofl remarkable are Eldeua,
which is incorporated with the church of Horfler, and therefore is not to
be confounded with the following place of the like name.
Griflo, a church-village, feated in a fmall bay, and anciently the refidence
of an appenaged line of the Princes ol Rügen. Within its iurifdidion
lies the fmall ifland oi Rimis, which is at no great diftance from it, but at
the mouth of the bay, and not towards Rügen, as it is erroneoufly placed
in the maps.
Reinberg,
a church-village.
5. Eldeno or Eldena, anciently called Hylda, Ilda, or Hddena, a large
village,
in which formerly flood an abby oi Cißercian Monks, founded before
the year 1203, but in the fixteenth century fecularized, and converted
into a demefne bailiwick. However, in the year 1634, Duke BogiJJaf 'X.IY
conferred it on the univerfity of Greifswalde, which manages it by a
fteward. Its name it derives from the Rickwater, near it, anciently called
Hilda or Ilda. The bailiwick of Eldena, exclufive of the place itfelf,
contains likewife
Ludwigsburg, anciently called Darfm, Darfm, or Darfan, a large village,
fituated on a bay, and fo named from Erneß Lewis, Duke of Pomerania.
IVackei'o,
a village.
6. Laßan, formerly called alfo Leßan, a fmall town, feated on the
VQi. VI. M lake

82 GERMANY. [Pomerania.
lake of Laffan, which is formed by the Pcene. This place was a town
fo early as the thirteenth century, and contains a bailiwick.
V. The county and Ic rdfhip of JVolgqß mufl: not be confounded with
the ancient dutchy oilVolgoß in Fomernnia; for the latter confided of all
the lands belonging to the Wolgajl line of the Dukes oi Pomerania, whereas
the lordfhip of Wolgaft was but a fmall portion thereof. To it belongs
Wolgaß, anciently called IValegoß, Walognß, Wclgoß, Wolegaß, JVoligaß,
6cc. a town, fituated on the river Peene, which, one German mile below
this place, falls into the Baltick. Helmold, uho lived in the beginning of
the twelfth century, and is author of the Chron. Slav, is the firfl: writer who
makes mention of this town ; and he fays, that, at that time, nothing certain
was formerly a ftrong fortrefs,
was known concerning its original, but that it
and the refidence of the Dukes of Pomerania of the Woknß line, who
alfo held their court of regency here. The caftle, in which the Prince
refided, ftood at a litde diftance from the town. Several Dukes lie buried
in its parochial-church, IVolgaJl, by fieges and fires, is greatly fallen
from its ancient greatnefs, particularly fmce the year 1713, when it was
burnt by the Ruflians, but has pretty well recovered, by means of its commerce.
Purfuant to the peace of Stockhohn, concluded in 1720, fhips
going to or coming from Stettin, pay only the ancient toll ; but thofe
which enter the rivers Peene, Trebel, and other ftreams, without touching
at Stettin, befides the abovementioned toll, pay likewife the duties as fettled
by the peace of Weßphalia.
2. Grunfchwart, a fort built by the Swedes on the point of the continent,
oopofite to the fort at the mouth of the Peene, and having a harbour.
il. The Pnißan part, to which belongs
I. The town of Stettin, with the country depending thereon. This
traft is fituated betwixt the Peene and the Oder, being about twenty German
miles in length, but of different breadth, and conftitutes part of the
dutchy of Stettin, to which likewife belongs the country fituated betwixt
the Öder and the Ihna. Frederick William, King of Prußa, by virtue of
a ccmpadl made at Schwedt, with the northern confederates, fequeftrated
this place, together with Wolgaß, and in confideration of the charges of
the faid war, paid the fum of 200,000 rixdoUars to Ruffia and Saxo?iy, but
by the peace oi Stockholm in 1720, for the further fum of 200,000 rixdollars
it was ceded to him and his heirs forever, together with the illands
of IVoUin, Ufedom, &c. To the diftridt belongs
I. Stettin or Old-Stettin, in ancient records always filled Stetin, and in
Latin, Stetinum, not Sediiium, properly the capital and mofl ancient town
in all Pomerania. This is the metropolis of all the other towns in that
country, and ftands on an eminence near the river Oder, which, at this
place, is divided into four branches or channels, namely into the Oder,
which paffes clofe by it, and falls into the Damanzig j on the fide of
3 which

Pomerania.] GERMANY. 83
which ftands the long fuburb called haßadie : the Parnilz before the Laßadie
: the leffer and the larger Reglitz. Betwixt thefe four channels of
the Oder, a flone dam is carried along DanJm-\^\iQ, as far as the town of tliis
name, being a German mile in length, and having fix bridges. On the
Larger Reglitz, all travellers pay a toll, and on the Lejfer is a block-houfe,
erefted by the Swedes. Stettiii is large, handfome, and well fortified, and
3
1
J384and 1424, the greateflpart of this place was confumcd by fire; and in
M 2 17
the capital of the Pritffian Anterior-Fomerania, as alfo the refidence of the
regency, both for the Anterior and Hinder-Fomerania , of the war and
demefne offices, and the feat of the chief tribunal of Fore-Fomerania, as
likewife that of the Scbopcpnftitbls, which is a branch of the criminal
court of Anterior-Fomerania. In it too is a college of phyficians ;
with a board of health; a chamber of commerce, inftituted in 1755;
a xoydX gymnaßum, which, from the year 1543 to 1667, was nothing more
than a grammar-fchool ; a general fuperintendency of the Anterior and
Hindcr-FomcraJiia; and a provoflfhip. Here is alfo a caflle, where the
abovementioned colleges meet, and an arfenal, together with the church
of St. 0//t'«'s, which was formerly collegiate; as alfo the cathedral of St.
Mary, to which belong very confiderable eftates, both in the Anterior and
Hinder-Fomerania, aud near which ftands the abovementioned gymnaßum
illiißre ; five pariih-churches, one free-lchool, a French Cahiniß meeting,
and a mafs-houfe. Exclufive too of the town-court, it has feveral others,
particularly a court of admiralty, with various forts of manufadures, and a
dock for the building of fliips. Of its great trade, a particular account has
been given in the introduftion to Fomerania.
§. 6. This town was formerly included in the Hinder-Fomerania, but by
the treaty of IVeßphalia, was affigned to the crown of Sweden, together
with the Anterior-Fomerania. In the years 1659, 1677, and 1713, it
underwent very fevere fieges. To it belongs
Politz, a fmall town, abovit two German miles diftance, fituated near
the Frijchen Haff, and noted for its hops. In the year 1260 this place obtained
a charter, and in 1321 was annexed to the city oi Stettin by Duke
Otho. In 1510 it was totally deflroyed by fire; and in 1540 and 1596,
fuffered likewife greatly by the fame dreadful calamity.
II, Some villages
2. Andam, anciently called T'ancklim, or Tangklim, an immediate town,
feated in a fertile countrv on the river Feene. On one fide of it are fwamps
and meadows, with a flone dyke, which is a full quarter of a Ger7nan mile
in length, and on the other, deep moats and v.'alls. This town contains two
parifh churches, enjoys a good trade both by land and water, and has thriven
remarkably under the F/v,//^« government. It began to be eredted about
the year 1188 ; the fortrel's of Grofzivin, which lay not far from it, near
Sidp on the Schaarberg, having been demolilhed in 1 183 by the Danes. In

84 GER M ANT, [Pomerania.
J713 it was pillaged by the Rtißatis. In J
757 and 1758, it fell feveral
times into the hands of the SiveJes : For the other fide of the river, on
which it flands, being within the Sivedijh territories, the centinels of that
nation are ported clofe by it. It is the capital of the circle, to which it
crives nanne. The territory belonging to the town is near three Germaji
miles in length, and contains feventeen villages and two farms. To it
likewife belongs the Anclam ferry, on the FriJ'chen Haff, where is a fort, to
which all ftips pafiing by, pay a toll, for the fervice of the town ; which toll
is levied by virtue of a grant made by Duke Bogißaj IV. in the year 1300,
who in J 285 had likewile mortgaged to it the property of the ferry.
3. Vckertmmde, anciently called Uchara, Ucra, and lJcra7nundy a fmall
immediate town, fituated on the Ucker, which below this place enters the
Frijche Hoff. Uckermiinde contains a provoftrtiip, and, in 11 90, was raifed
to a town. In the feventeenth century it fufFered greatly by fieges, and the
vicifTitudes of war J
and in 1713 was fa eked by the Ruj/ums. It has good
fidieries, paftures, and woods. The bailiwick belonging to it fliall be
taken notice of in the fequel.
4. Piife'walk, formerly called PozdewoJk, Pcdizwolk, or Pczivalk, an
immediate town, fituated on the Uckcr, by means of which the inhabitants
carry down their goods to the great Haff] and from thence out to fea. At
this pkce is a provofifbiip. The Cchinifl Wallom, who are fettled here,
in the morning have the ufe of Saint Nicholas^ church for the performance
of their worfhip. In the feventeenth century, from the year 1630, it fuffercd
gicatly. In 1359 the Marggraves of Brandenburg mortgaged Poj'e-
•walk and Torgelo to the Dukes o^ Pcmerania, for the fum of 13,000 marks
of filver ; and in 1448 an abfclute cefiion was made of thefe two towns»
which were to remain in the houfe oi Pcmerania, as long as there fliould
be a Duke of the Stettin-Pomerania family, but, on the failure of that line,
was to rei^ert to the houfe of Brandenburg. Near the town are fome
iron-works.
5. Demtnin-, anciently called Timin, Dymin, Detnyn, or D'lmmin., an
immediate town, fituated on the river Peene, which at this place receives
into it the Trci^f/and Tollen lakes, by means of which it carries on a good trade
in corn and other wares, is one of the mofi: ancient towns in all Pomerania^
but by frequent fieges and fires, fallen greatly to decay. D-emmin gives
name to a circle.
6. Trepto on Teilen lake, or Old-Trepto, anciently called Tribetov, TrebuiG^we,
or Trebetcw', an imm.ediate town, fallen into great decay by the
wars of the fevcnth century. Tillage is the principal employment cf its
inhabitants.
7. Garz, formerly called Gardez, a fmall immediate town and pafs,
fituated on the Oder., which, btfides having been deftroyed l-y fire in 1574,
1624, and 1 71 3, has fufFered extremely by pillage and the other calamities

Pomerania.] GERMANY. ^5
mities of war. This place belonged formerly to Hinder-Pomerania, but c-t
the peace of Weßphaliay was ceded to the crown of Sweden, together with
the Anterior-Fomerania.
II. The following royal prefedlurates, viz.
1. The prefedurate of Stolp, formed out of a BenedtSfine convent,
which was founded in 1151, but in 1637 deftroyed by i\\& Imperialißs.
In this prefeclurate is
Stolp, a country town, fjtuated on the river Peene.
2. The prefedurate of Uckermunde, the feat of which lies in the
town of Uckermunde. To it belongs
Newwarp, a fmall town, feated on a lake formed by the Frifche Haff, in
which is an ifland. This place fubfifts principally by its fifheries.
Ahnaarp, a church-village, fituated on the Frifchen Haff'.
3. The prefeclurate of Jasenitz, on the Frifchen Haff\ which has been
formed out of a convent.
4. The prefeifturate of ToRGELo. In it
Torgelo, a caftle, fituated on the Zocker, where the great forefter of
the dutchy of Stettin refides. This plate was anciently a fortrefs. By
what means it devolved to the Dukes of Pomerania, has been fliown above
at Pafetvalk; but it was not abfolutely evacuated by the Eledtor of i?r^;zdenburg
till the year 1493.
5. The prefedlurate of Verchen, to which belongs
Verchen, anciently called Virchim, or Virchene, a convent of ladles, feated
on the lake of Cummero.
Jarmen, a fmall town, lying not far from the river Peene, together
with the town of Giitzko.
6. The prefedlurate of Lindenberg, on the frontiers o^ Mecklenburg.
This prefedurate confifts of the eftates of the Voje family of Lindenberg,
which, as vacant fiefs, Duke Philip ereded into a demefne- prefedurate.
7. The prefedurate of Clempeno, deriving its appellation from the old
caftle of that name, fituated on the ToZ/fw-lake.
8. The prefedurate of Spantiko was formed out of the Spantiko efrate,
and its dependencies, which Duke Frederick JVilliam, in 17^9, purchafed
of the Steinbock family.
9. The prefedurate of KoNiGS-HoLT.ANü.
10. The prefedurate of Loitzerort.
III. The following places belonging to noblemen, and
1. Thofe lying in the civcIq of Anchw!, viz. Alfivigsbagen, BcJdeko, Cummero,
Denin, Great-Tcitin, jappetizin, Iven, Pagendorf, Loicitz, Neuendorf,
Ratebur, Schwerimburg, Smuggero, Strittenfee, 'feterin, Xinfo, Sec.
2. In the Demmin circle, Bug^ero, Granskendorf, Gclzo, Hchenmucker^
Kifzin, Lobbin, Ojien, Saro, Vaujelo, Wudarch, &c.
3. In the circle oiPjp.ndo, fo called from the river of that nanne, lies
Penkum,

86 GERMANY. [Pomerania.
Fehkion, a fmall town, one fide of which ftands on the Rando, and the
other on a lake. This place was conferred as a fief by Duke Bogijlaj X.
on the Lords of Schulenburg, from whom, in 1750, it pafled to the Ojieji
family, who gave it away and exchanged it to Count Haacke. In the year
1190 it was environed with a wall ; but in 1610, 1630, 1635, J713, and
17-^4, fuffered greatly by war and fire.
Bocke, Blanckevfee, Brunn, Ccno, Glafo, Grambo, HohenhoJz, Kcfo, Kumrd,
Pargo, Peterß.iagcn, Pinno, Prizlo, Rammin, Radeko, Schoni?7gen, Schilierjdorf,
Sommcrjdorf, Sonneberg, Stolzenberg, &c.
4. The ifland or territory of Vjedom, bounded to the north by the Balt'lck,
to the fouthward by the Frifchen Haff, weftward by the Peetie and
Acbtcr-Waßr, the latter of which is noted for its plenty of fifl) ; and eastward
by the river Swine. This illand in length is about five German miles,
Lut in fome parts is very narrow, and where wideft, only betwixt three
and four broad. I: contains
Ujcdotn, anciently called Huznon, Huznoim, Hufanam, Uznam, TJznom,
Vznum, Uznem, Uznaym, TJzanym, Vzfinam, Ufeddein, and JJjdhojn, a fmall but
immediate town, and the capital ot the territory, having likewife an old
caftle. In it alfo is a provoftfliip. \\\ I473> ^^ greateft part of this place
was deftrcyed by fire.
The bailiwick of Pudgla, which has been formed out of the eftates belonging
to the Pudgla or Puddigla convent. The feat of this bailiwick
lies in the church-village ofthat name.
Be iz. Caffburg, Ccfero, Circho, Crhike, Crummin, Garz, Lipe^ Mefelco,
Mellcniin, StoJp, and other villages.
Peenemunder- Schanze, fituated on the north point of the ifland, which it
commands entirely, as it does alfo the entrance and mouth of the Peene,
near which it ftands. The commanding-officer of this illand is a major,
and in time of peace its garrifon confifts only of one company. In the year
3758 i;s harbour was deflroyed by the P-nißans, to the detriment of the
commerce of the Sivedißj Anterior-Pomcrama. In 17 15 the Prujjians
made themfelves matters of it, though not without great lofs. In \'J S7
it was taken by the Swedes, in 175B recovered by the Prußam, but the
very fame year the Swedes again
got pofleffion of it.
The Swine-Sehanze, built on the fouth-eaft point of the country, for the
defence of the mouth of the river Swine. The harbour here has been
put in fo good a condition, that the Prujßan (hips were under no necefiity
of going through the Peene ; but in 1757 it was deftroyed by the Swedes.
A n ;w town has likewife been begun here.
Obf. On the north-fide of this illand anciently flood Winera, a place of
very confiderable trade, but which, together with a large parcel of land,
in the eighth or ninth century, was fwallowed up by an innundation.
At low tides, in the Baltick, fome ruins of this place are fliii vifible, at the
diflance of abjut one long half German mile from the ifland.
5. The

Pomerania.] GERMANY, ^-^
5. The ifland of IVolliti, which to the northward terminates on the Baltick
; to the foLithward on the Frijche Haff ; to the weflward on the
Swi?2e, and to the eaft on a water, which, about Wollin, is called the
Wollin-ivater. Somewhat farther to the northward, where it widens on the
right fide of the ifland of Grißo, is
the large Cammin Bodden, and on the left
fide the kjjer ; but at its iilue into the Baltick, through a narrow outlet, between
the Pomeranian and Codratn Hticke, it is called the Diveno, which indeed
is its general name. This ifland is frequently in danger of being
overflowed, and the fea winds hurt it confiderably, by throwing up drifts
of find. It is about four German miles in circumference, produces
excellent cattle, with plenty of game and filL, and one part of it called the
Fritter is remarkable for the great quantities of eels taken there. On this
ifland ftands
Wolliu., in ancient records ftiled Ji'^'oUn, an immediate town, fituated on
the waters, to which it gives name, and having a bridge over it, leadingto
the A7iterior-Bomcrania, at which all travellers pay a toll. In this town
is a feat and prefedluratefliip. It ftands on the fide of the ancient city of
yulin, which was formerly fo famous for its commerce, tho' its origin is
very obfcure. The firft mention of this city in hiftory occurs immediately
after the i\me o^ Charlemain, and in the eleventh cenlury its profperitv was
fuch, \.hz.t yidci?7i vofi Bremen fpeaks of it as the largeft city, at that time,
in Europe. So early as the records of the twelfth century, it is called Wolin.
In 1127 it was fet on fire by lightning; and, being built of wood, was
entirely confumed. The Pomeranian bilJiopric, which had been ereded
there but two years before, w^as tranflated upon that to Ufedom, but on the
rebuilding of the city, was reflored to it. In 1170, being taken by Woldemar\.
King 0^ Denmark, and Jaromar I. Prince oi' Rügen, it was facked and
burnt; and after retrieving this calamity, was in 1175 again fct on fire,
and utterly deftroyed ; infomuch, that, in the very fame year, the Duke of
Pomerania removed the bilhopric to Cammin. It was indeed rebuilt again,
but that no farther than to form the prefent town of IVolUn.
The villages of China, Colzo, Dannenberg, Darßvitz, Great-Mciken, Jafenbo,
hebbin, Loitzin, Fritter, Tonnitz, &c.
The little ifland of Grißo, on which ftands Grißo and Bunnevitz.
II.
HINDER-POMERANIA.
Belongs entirely to Frvßa, and comprehends under it
I. The remaining part of the Diuchy of Steitin, in which are
I. The following immediate towns, viz.
Greiff'enhagen, formerly called Griff'enhagen, an immediate town, fituated
on .the Oder, in a fine country for grafery, hunting, and fifliing. Greißenbagen
was erected into a town in 1262, but in 1532 deftroyed by fire. It
gives name to a circle.
Damm,

gg GERMANY. [Pomeranla.
Damm, a fmall immediate town featcd on the Plone, which a little
below this place falls into the lake of Damm, (o called from the
town. It was formerly fo opulent, that it conteftcd the freedom of navigation
with Stettin, but lofing that privilege and fuffcring likewife by
feveral fires and other misfortunes, fell to great decay, though of late it
has begun to make fome figure. In this town is a fine fteel-manufacture.
At the peace of Wcßphalia it was ceded to Sweden, which at the peace of
Stockholm refigned it again to Prußia.
Bahn, in ancient records called Banen, afmall but immediate town, containing
a provoftdiip. This place was built by Barnim I. in the year 1230,
and has been frequently deftroyed by fires, as in 1589, 1596, &c.
Piritz, in ancient writers ftiled Pirifcum, an immediate town (landing
in a very fine corn country, and being the feat of a provoftfliip. This
was the firfl: place in thefe parts of Pomerania that embraced the Chrißian
religion and at the Reformation, led the way in the profeffion oi Lutheraiiifm.
In 1496 and 1596 it was almoft totally deftroyed by fire ; and in
1637 ravaged by the Imperialijh ; but by the great advantage it reaps from
agriculture has recovered. It gives name to a circle.
2. The following royal prefecfturates : "viz,
1. The prefefturate of Colbatz, which has been farmed out of a
wealthy convent This prefedurate lies on the river Plone, which in this
country again ißues out of the Madui-hke. Under it are comprehended
Nrumark, a country town fituated not far from Colbatz.
Werben, a country town lying on the Madui-\zkc: its neighbourhood
very fertile in wheat. This place is the feat of a provoftfhip.
Near it lies the pafs of Barkenbrod, where formerly flood the caftle of
Brode,
Wohin, a country town feated on a lake.
2. The prefedurate of Wildenbruch, belonged to the Knight's templars
and from them palTed to
the 5ö??w«/5z.(;-^ grand-mafterfliip of the order
of Malta ; but after the peace of Wejlphalia, was converted into a prefecturate.
The prefent proprietor of it is the Marggrave Schwedt. Wildenbrnch
houfe (lands on a lake.
its
3. The prefedurate of Piritz, its feat at the town from whence it takes
name.
4. The prefedturate ofDoLiTz, on i\i& Faulen-Ihna.
1;. The prefedturate of Bernstein, on the borders of the Netimark : the
feat of it at Bernßein, a town lying within its jurifdidion, but with refpedl
to police and contributions, reckoned in the Neumark.
3. Fiddicho formerly called Viducho^ca, a fmall town fituated on the
Oder, and at prefent belonging to the Marggave Schwedt. By virtue of the
compadl made at Stettin in 1653, this place became a fief of Sweden.
II. The Dutchy oi Pomerania particularly fo called, and which is again
fubdivided
into the Anterior and Hinder-Pomerania.
I. Anterior-

Pomerania.] GERMAN
T.
89
I. Antcrior-Pofiicrania extends frona the Ibna to the river IVipper, comprehending
under it alfo the dutchy of Caßuben, and the principahty of
Cammifi. The former of thefe at prefent no longer conftitutes a particular
province : of the latter a diftindt article fhall be made in the fequel.
In Anterior-Pomcra7iia, are
The following immediate towns :
viz.
Stargard-, aUb called New-Stargard, and in ancient records Stargord,
Staregard or Ztarigrod, the capital of the dutchy, and likewife of all
Hinder-Pomeraiiia. Its neighbourhood produces plenty of corn and efculent
vegetables. This town lies on the Ihna, by means of which it has a free
communication with the Balticky which was comfirmed to it after a long
procefs againft Stettin. It is an immediate town, large and well built,
and has a provoftfhip over the leveral parifhes belonging to the town ; as
likewife two churches (of which that of St. Mary is accounted the highefl
roof in all Germany) with a third in the fuburb called the Werder^ and a
conventual church, where befides the Luthei-aits, the Germans and French
Calvinijh are allowed thepublic exercife of their religion.
In this town likewife
is a houfe of correftion, having a chaplain of its own, two chapels at a
fmall diftance, without the town a collegium illußre, ftiled Grceningianum,
founded in 1631 by Burgermafter Feter Groning, and which in 17 14 received
fome amendments in its conflitution ; a free fchool kept in a fupprefled
convent, and divers good manufaöures. Its trade likewife is coniiderable.
The court of regency, the chief tribunal, the exchequer, with
other offices both eccleliaftical and civil, have to the great detriment of
this place been removed to Stettin. In 1295 it was railed to a town, but
in the fixteenth and feventeeth centuries, fuffered very greatly by fire, war and
peftilence. In 1758 it was taken by the Rajians. To its corporation belong
thirteen villages, of which leven are parochial.
Golno, formerly called Golinoy, an immediate town fituated on the Ihna,
but greatly fallen from its ancient profperity, by means of war and fires.
This place is the feat of a bailiwick and provoftfliip ; and by the treaty of
Weflphalia was given to the crown of Sweden, which at the treaty of
Stockholm ceded it again to Frußia.
3. Grei_ffenberg, an immediate town fituated on the Rega, and containing
a provoftfhip. This town trades largely in linen, and was walled in
in 1262, but reduced very low in the thirty years war, and in 1658 was
totally deftroyed by fire. It gives name to a circle.
4. Trepto on the Rega or Neiv-Trepto, an immediate town fituated on
the Rega, with an old caftle belonging to it, which was originally a
nunnery, as this place likewife was at firfl: a caftle. It has fome good
manufaftures, and the Rega being navigable at this place, promotes its
trade. In 12^2 Duke Wartisla/ II. fold the \'\\\a.gQ oi Trepto, to the convent
of Belbuck which ftood near it, and bv which in 1285 it was raifed
Vol. VI. N '
ta

G E R M A N r. [Pomerania.
to a town. Of this town Duke Bogjßnf obtained one half, holding it as a
lief from the convent. In 1534 the Lutheran doörine was received at this
place by the whole country of Pomerania ; and the firft: form of church
difciplioe drawn up here.
At Sulzhorjl near Trepio is a falt-fpring, but of it no ufe has been made
for upwards of a century paft.
5. Cammin or Camin an immediate town fituated on the Cammin Boddeuy
rot far from the iflue of the Diveno into the Bakick. Thib place
always was in mean circumftances, efpecially after the gi eat fires, by which
it fiiffered in 1630 and 1709, but under the Prußan government, is rifen
to fuch profperity that at prefent, beiides its handfoin fuburbs, it makes
a very good figure, which is not a little owing to its navigation, firtiery and
agriculture. In the year 1175 the bifliopric of Pomerania was removed
hither from IVollin, and in 1221 the town itfelf, with power of redemption,
ceded to it by the Dukes of Pomerania, but in 1355 again redeemed, fo that
all which remained here, afterwards to the bifliop, was the cathedral and
patronage of the ccclefiaftical prerogatives. The bifliopric of Cammin,
having by the treaty of JVeftpbaliahten changed into a temporal principality
and given to the eleiftoral houfe oi Brandenburg, it was at the fame time
likewife agreed that on the deceafe of the then canons, the electoral
family Ihould be at liberty to abolirti the chapter. But this chapter fliTl
fubfitb and is kept in the tov>'n. Near the cathedral ftands afchool, bcfides
which Cammin contains alfo a foundation for ladies and a provoftthip.
In Cajfnben, are the two following immediate towns: r/s.
Belgard formerly called BialygroJ or the IVhite-Cüßle, nn immediate
town fituated on the Perjante, being handfom and adorned with regular
fuburbs. Belonging to it alfo is a caftle and a provoftHfip, and it carries on
a good trade. It was a tenable place fo early as the eleventh century.
Till I 1
84 it belonged to Anterior-Potnerania, but about that time was
taken by the Princes of Hinder-Pomerania, and not long after being
eredted into a particular lord/liip, was conferred on Pribißaf YV . Prince of
Mecklenburg, who in a record of the year 1289, fliles himieif Lord of the
countries of Dobbern and likewife of Be/ga?-d in Cajfuben, but was foon
brought to a fubordination to Anierior-Pomerania. Duke Wartislaf IV.
removed his refidence from Anclam to the caftle of Belgard. In 132 1 he
transferred his country of Belgard to the bifliopric of Cammin as a fief.
On the foundation of the two difcindl houfes of Pomerania and Wolgaß,
the country of Belgard fell to the former. In 1459 it devolved to the
Etettin-hovL^e, and in 1464 to that of Wolgaß. By the partitions agreed upon
betwixt Duke Philip \. and Barnim X. in 1532 and 1541, it was
afiigned to the 5/

Pomeranla.] GERMANY. 91
In 1677 it was entirely burnt down, but ftill gives name to a circle which is
incorporated with that of Polzlti.
New-Stcttin, an immediate town fituated betwixt the /F/7/i?ot and feme
other lakes. This place was ereded in the beginning of the fourteenth
century by Duke Wartiüaf IV, as a defence to the frontiers againfl: Pruffia,
and after the model of Stettin on the Oder, In 1321 he conferred it,
together with its dependencies, as a fief on the bifliopric of Canvnin,
which again furrendered it as a provoflHiip, but the gymnafmm founded
here in 1640 by Hedwiga, widow to Duke Ulrich is totally decayed, and
the frequent fires that have happened in this town, have kept it in a perpetual
ftruggle with adverfity. Near it ftands a caftle. In 1758 the circle
to which it gives name, fuffered greatly by the devaflations of the RiiJJians.
2. The following royal prefedurates, viz.
1. The prefedlurate of Marienflies, in which is the village of Marie7jflies.
This village is fituated in a pleafant country, about two German
miles from Stargard, and contains a religious foundation for ladies.
2. The prefedurate of Satzig, to which belongs
Sätzig (not Salzig) a fmall country town, having an old cafile and being
the feat of the prefefturate. This town gives name to a circle.
'Jakobßoagen a fmall town, fituated near a lake and containing a provoitfiiip.
By agriculture and its trade in fiOi and wood, this place is rifen
at prefent to a pretty thriving condition.
Zocban or Scchan a trading town.
3. The prefedlurate of Ravenstein, lying near the former, and having
its feat at the little town of Ravenflein, which is fituated on a lake.
4. The prefedlurate of Masso, having its feat at
Miißb., a fmall town lying betwixt Stargard and Gohio, and containing
an old caftle and a provoftfliip. Duke BogfßafK. conferred this town as a
fief on the Counts of £i^^r/?a«, who built the caftle. This line failing in
1663, it was given as a fief to the Duke of Crcy^ who had been Bifliop of
Cammi?h but after his death it reverted again to the fovereign of the country.
5. The prefedlurate of Golno, having its feat at the town of the fame
name above defcribed.
6. The prefedlurate of Stepenitz, which exclufive of eight villages
contains likewife
The little town of Stepenitz, though it be called Great-Stepenttz,
fituated not fir from the beginning of the Frifcben haff'.
To Caßuben be'ong the four following bailiwicks : viz.
1. The bailiwick of Be/buck near the town oiTrepto, and fituated on the
Rega. This bailiwick was formed out of a wealthy convent, of which in
1 2S5 Duke Bogijlaj held one half of the town of Trcpto as a fief. In 1 523
it
was reaflumed and eredled into a bailiwick.
2. The bailiwick of Belgard in the town of that name.
N 2 3. The

92 GERMANY. [Pomerania.
3. The bailiwick of Neiv-Steftin, having its feat in the town of the
fame name.
4. The bailiwick oi Ratzebur, in which is
Rciizebur, a large market-town, fituated on the river Zar72, not far from
the borders of Poland. In the year 1758 this town, with nineteen neighbouring
villages, was facked and burnt by the Cojfacks and Ruffians.
5. The bailiwick or lordfhip of Draheim was a Poliß ftaroftey ; which
in 1657, was mortgaged to the Elecftor oi Brandenburg for the fum of i 20,000
rixdoUars, though the Eledor Frederick William obtained not a(5tual pofleflion
of it till 1668, and even then only on the additional payment of
J 5,000 more. In ij^'^, it was pillaged by the Cojfacks and Ru/Jians. The
chief places in it are
Draheim, a caftle, furrounded with a wall and moats, and having likewife
a fmall garrifon with a few pieces of cannon. Near this caftle ftands
a village.
Tetnpelbiirg a fmall town ; the i^^JW^H-catholic priefts here, enjoy divers
ecclefiaftical
privileges.
3. The following places belonging to noblemen : 'viz.
Freienwald, formerly called Frigcnivolde, a fmall town, made fucli in
the year 1 190, and in which the family o^ Wedel are Lords Cajlaiain. To
them alfo belong Saffcnbagcn, Sa£cnbia-g, Trampke, &c.
To Caffubcn appertain the following ten towns and places, namely
Daher, formerly called Dober, a fmall town containing a provoflfliip,
and in which the family of Devetz are Lords Caßalain, and determine the
procelles of their dependants. This place gives name to a circle which is
united with that of Naugardt. The above family are likewife proprietors
of Crammcusdorf, Weitetihagen, Vogetß?agen, Mefo, Great and Little-Benz,
Schono,
Hajelo and other places.
The Lords of Bork, are poffefled in Caffuben of ,
RcgcHiaalde, a fmall town fituated on the Rega, over which the Lords of
Bork enjoy the civil iurifdidlion. In 11 90 this place was raifed to a town.
It has frequently fuffered by fire, but is at prefent in a pretty good condition,
and gives name to a circle, which is incorporated with that o^ Labes.
Strammehl, a fmall town feated oh a lake not far from the Rega.
Labes formerly called Lobctze, a fmall town fituated near the Rega, wi^h
a provoftfiiip and a woollen manufadure. Its circle is incorporated witli
that of Regenii:aide.
Wangerin, a fmall town fubfifting by tillage and woollen manufadures.
Plat, a fmall tov/n fituated on thtRega, belonging to the families ö^Oßen and
Bhicher. The civiljurifdidion of this place is likewife in the hands of its Lords.
Pclzin, anciently called Pohiziz, a fmall town where the families of
Krocko and Muhlendorf, as being its Lords, hold their court. The circle
which receive its name from this town is united with that of Belgard.
Both

Pomerania.]
GERMANY.
Both in this place and near it are fome mineral fprings, having their fourcc
in a valley not far from the little rivulet of Wuchci\ and which being drank,
but more particularly if ufed as baths, are found to be of great efficacy,
efpecially in cutaneous cafes.
Barwalde, a fmall town belonging to the Waldo and Zaßro families.
Arnßaujm, a country town, of which the family of Zaßro is proprietor.
II. Hinder-Pomerania lies between the JVipper and Lebe, and conlifts
93
principally of the dutchy of IFende?!. In it is
I. The diftrid: of Riigenvoalde, containing
Rugcnwalde, an immediate town fituated on the PFipfer, on which it
cnioys a free navigation. This place probably is fo called from the Rügen
JVolde, or rugged foreßs, which lie on all fides of it. It is large, well
built, and contains a ducal feat, and church, and is likewife the refidence
of a provoftlfiip. Some records of the year 1271 mention it under the title
of a town, and by the name of Riigentvolda. In 1589, 1624 and 1722
it was deftroycd by fire. In its neighbourhood anciently ftocd the caflle of
Dirlo. To it likewife belongs Sucko a village, and near it is a farm
fituated on the ruins of a Carthujian monaftery.
2. The bailiwick of Rugennaaldc, which is of conliderable extent.
3. The bailiwick ot Bucko fituated about one long Germaji mile from
Rugetiivalde, and formed out of a fequeftrated convtntof Benedi£iineMox\Vsy
which was founded there in the year 1248, and arrived to very great opulence
by donations cf eflates from Princes and Noblemen.
4. Zano, formerly called Zazina, a fmall but immediate town, fituated
behind the hill of ChoHen^ though formerly more confiJerable than at prefent.
In it too anciently flood a caftle.
2. The country formerly called the government of Schlawe, in which is
Schlawe or Slawe, (formerly named Slaivina and Slaivena) and alfo
called S/age, a fmall but immediate town fituated. on the JVipper, and containg
a provoflflilp. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries this place
was a commandery and mafterfl^ip of the order of Ädaka, and gives name
to a
circle.
Crangen, a caflle fituated on the river Graho and belonging to Count
Todeioih.
Polno, a fmall town alfo feated on the Grabo and belonging to the
Glafenapp family. This place was deflroyed by fire in the year 1736.
Here is the holy mountain, to which, in the times of popery, was a great
refort of pilgrims.
Riimmehburg, a fmall town fituated on the Wipper, and belonging to the
Lords of Maßo, who hold a court here. At this place is a cloth manufaäure.
In the year 1719 Rummelsburg \N2i% deflroyed by fire. It gives
name to a circle.
Bartien, a feat and church-village, belonging to the Majfo family.
3. The

94 GERMANY. [Pomerania.
n^, T he country, formerly ftiled the government oi Stolpe. In it is
Stolpe, anciently called Ship, Ztulp or Schiilpz, an immediate town
fjtuated on a river of the like name, which at this place becomes navigable.
In it too is an ancient manfion-houfe of its Lords, with a provoft-
Ihip, a convent for ladies, a poft-houfe of confiderable produce, two
Lutheran churches, and one belonging to the Calvin/h. Its river abounds
in excellent falmon, and the town carries on a great linen trade, and deals
largely with Dantzick, which lies about fifteen miles off. Very curious toys
in amber are made at this place. Stolpe was deftroyed by Hre in the years
1395, 1476 and 1563. It gives name to a circle and is the feat of a
bailiwick.
Stolpemunde,
The freemen of this place, enjoy municipal rights.
a large country town featcd at the mouth of the river Stolpe.
The bailiwick oi Schmolfin.
The place of this name refembles a country
town. Near it ftands the h\\\o^ Revekuh I, in popifh times fo celebrated for
its
pilgrimages.
4. Garde, a noted fifliing place on a large frefli-water lake.
Koven, a village lying on the Baltick.
Ltipo, a populous country town, fituated on the river of that name, and
famed for its trout. This place belongs to the family of Gnimbko. Divine
fervice is performed here, both in the Poliß? and German languages.
The church villages of Budo, Dämmen, Preß, Glovitz, Mickero, Schuro,
Zethin and Zezcno all belonging to Noblemen, and at which divine lervice
is performed in both languages as above.
Wutzko, a village fituated on the borders of Polajid, in travelling
towards which this is the laft poft-ftage in Pomerajita.
III. The lordfliip of Lanenburg and Buto formerly belonging to the
crown of Poland. In the year 1455 King C^y7/«//- transferred thefe lordfhips
to Erich Duke of Pomerania, though without any feudal connedion,
whereas from the year 1460, they were held by the Dukes of Pomerania, as
a free fief of the crown of Poland. Afterwards indeed, the latter were
for binding the former to hold them by fervices, which they peremptorily
refufing to do, an agreement was concluded in 1526, that the Dukes of
Pomerania, fliould enjoy thefe lordfhips as an hereditary fief, without any
fervices, but that on every new fucceffion in Poland, they (hould follicit a grant
of the fief, which they were to obtain free from all charges and payments.
On the death of Duke BogißafX.W . the King of Poland reafilimed thefe
lordfhips as a vacant fief, and received the homage and oath of allegiance
from the valfals, but in 1657, by the compadl concluded at IVelau and ratified
at Bromberg or Bidgoß, they were transferred to the houk ol Brandenburg
as a free fief, in like manner as they had been held by the Dukes of
Pomerania, and that without taking any oath. Thefe lordfliips confiitute
two bailiwicksj viz.
I. The

Cammin.] GERMANY. 95
1. The lordfliip oi- bailiwick of Lanenburg, which Is about eight Gervjan
miles in length, and fix broad. Its principal places are
Lauoiburg, an immediate town fituated on the Lebe, and containing a
tribunal or caftellany-court for thcle lordfliip. In the year 1682 this
town was deftroyed by fire.
Lebe, a I'mall town featcd on a river of the like name, near the lake
of Lebe.
2. The lordfiiip or bailiwick of Buto, about fix German miles fquare.
The principal place in it is
Buto, an immediate town containing a feat, and in which is held a court
for procefies among the nobility. In the year 1629 this town was totally
deftroyed by fire.
The Principality ö/' C A M M i N.
'T~*'HE principality of Cammin derives its origin from the fupprefled
-* biftiopric of Cammin, which was founded in 1128 by Wartijlaf
and Ratibor Dukes of Fomerania. The firfl bifhop of this place was
Adelbert, afliftant to Otbo biftiop of Bamberg, who was likewife the firft that
preached chriftianity among the Pomeranians. The fee was originally
founded at yidin in 1
175, but removed afterwards to Cammin, and held under
a tenure of fervices to the Dukes, which fruftrated the endeavours of fome
bifhops who fought an immediate'dependency on the Empire. But at length,
namely in 1553 the bifliop declared that all ccntefls concerning the follicited
immediacy fhould ceafe, that he would acknowledge the Duke as his
patron, and that on a fummons, he would make his appearance at the
provincial Diet as the chief prelate ;
or attend, advife and ferve, but never afiift
at an Imperial Diet. It had been before agreed in 1545, that on the vacancy
oF the fee, the Dukes of Pomerania Ihould propofe two qualified perfons,
one of whom the chapter was to chufe for the fucceeding bliliop. At the
peace of Wcßphalia the biftiopric was converted into an immediate temporal
principality of the Empire, and as this entitled the eleftoral houfe of
Brandenburg to feat and vote, both in the circular and Imperial Diets, fo likewife
in 1654 its manors and towns were incorporated wäth the territories
of Uinder-Pomerania, and the nobility obtained the privilege of having
their caufes tried immediately at the chief court of Pomerania, whereas
before, the firft trial was at the caftellany courts. The exaltation
of this ancient bifhopric to a principality of the Empire, did not adually
take place till 1669, though the Ele
account of this principality, enjoys both feat an.d voice in the college of
PrinceS;,

^6 GERMANY. [Cammin.
Princes, and that betwixt Schwerin and Ratzcburg, but in the circle of
Upper-Sirxony''X% rank is not yet fettled. The Eledor of Brandenburg therefore
for his territories in Hinder-Pomerania, ufually annexes the Cammin vote
to that of Hinder-Pomerania, and for the ratification and fecurity of the
other States, adds the words, Jiio Loco et Ordine. For this principality, the
Eledtor of Brandenburg pays to a Roman month, one hundred and eightyfour
florins, and to the chamber of Wetzlar eighty-one rixdollars,
eleven kruitzers.
The places belonging to the principality are fo difperfed, that it is no
eafy matter to delineate them on a map, but they belong to Hinder-
Pomerania., and to that part of it which is more particularly called the
Dutchy of Pomerania ; namely Antcrior-Pomerania and the Dutchy of
Ca[[iiben, v;hich formerly was a part of it, and lay principally about the
P'crfante. The moft remarkable places in it are
I. Colberg formerly called Cbolubercb, Colnberc, Cohibriech, Colebrege,
Cohbrega, Cbolberg, Colleberghe and Cholberg, an immediate and well fortified
town fituated on the Pcrjante, which not far from hence falls into the
Baltick, and forms the convenient but chargeable harbour of Munde. This
town was anciently the capital of the dutchy of Cafuben, and is ftiU the
metropolis of the principality oi Cammin. It is pretty large, and by means of
its good woollen and linen manufadtures, its trade with Poland, and its numerous
fnipping, is in a flouriHiing condition. In it is a collegiate-church,
founded in the year 1278, confifting of a provoft, a dean, a chanter
and red:or, with a religious foundation for young ladies and gentlewomen,
in the building which was formerly the ducal palace ; as alfo three
churches and a Lycaiim or Latin fchool. The Eledlor William the Great
In the neigh-
eftabliQied a revenue here for the governor and commandant.
bourhood are caught great quantities of falmon and young lampreys, and in
a meadow environed by the Perfante are fome profitable falt-fprings, which
were formerly of great note, but their further improvement is prevented
by the fcarcity of fuel here, which the inhabitants are obliged to convey
hither by means of the Perfante, at a very great expence ; fome fait however
is made here. Bogijlaf Duke of Poland founded a bifhopric in this
town in the tenth century, but it was of fliort duration. Duke Barnim I.
in 1248 made a grant of the country oi Colberg, with all its appurtenances
to the biiliopric of Cammin. In 175S the town was bombarded and ftormed
by the RnJJians, but without effedl.
2. Cojzlin, formerly called Cofjalitz and Cojfalin, an immediate town
fituated on the Nifebeck, which runs into the James or Jamund-lzV^Q, not
far from the Chollenberge, where, in the times of popery, was an image of the
Virgin M^;7, which drew thither great numbers of pilgrims. In 1504
this town was intirely deftroyed by fire, and in 171 8 the greateft part of it
was likewife confumed by the fame dreadful calamity ; butfince the latter, it
has

Cammin.] GERMANY, .
97
has been rebuilt to advantage, particularly the large fquare market-place,
which has a very good eiFedt, the houfes on each fide being all two fiories
and of an equal height. In the center likewife flands a flone ftatue of King
Fredci'ick William, ereded in 1724, in grateful acknowledgment as the infcription
fays, of the royal munificence difplayed in the rebuilding of the
town. At Cozlin likewife is a tribunal for Hinder-Pomeranian inftituted
in 1726, together with a confiftory, a provoftfliip and feme manufadtures.
The bidiop of Cammin formerly refided at the conventual houfe in this
town. It gives alfo name to a circle.
3. Corlin, a fmall but immediate town fituated on the Perfante, and
containing a feat with a provoflOiip and good woollen manufadures. In
the year 1 240 this town came to the bifliopric of Cammin.
4. The bailiwick of Colbergy which has its feat in the town abovementioned
of the like name.
5. The bailiwick of CofzUn, having its feat in the above-mentioned town.
6. The bailiwick of Corlin^ fituated in the town of that name.
7. The bailiwick of Cafimirslnirg, formerly called the bailiwick of Baß,
but taking its prefent name from Duke Cafimir the ninth Bifiiop of Cammin,
who built the delightful feat here, which flands between two lakes.
8. The bailiwick of Bublitz, having its feat at Bublitz, formerly called
Bubulz, a fmall town belonging to this bailiwick, and lying on the Gozel,
not far from the borders of Poland. This houfe contains a caftle, a provoftfliip,
and a court, to whofe jurifdidion a confiderable part of the
nobility are fubjed. In the years 1605 and 1682 Bublitz was totally confumed
by fire.
9. The diftrid of Gz^/au, in which is Gulzo, a market-town containing
a feat. In the year 1503 this place was fold to the bifliopric of Cammin.
10. The bailiwick of Nö/^^^r^/"^;?, confifling of the ancient lordfliip of
Naugardten, which Herrmann h\(ho^ oi Cammin znA Qount. oi Gleichen \\\
1263 conferred as a fief, on Otho Count of Eberßein his fifler's fon, on
his being obliged together, with his brothers, to quit the territories of
their unfortunate father Count Tbeirrj, which lay in the dutchy of Brunflaick.
Thus he became the founder of the Pomeranian-line of the Counts
of Eberßein, who alfo obtained Majß from Duke Bogißaf X. and at the
fame time from Erafmus bifliop of Cammin, the epifcopal fliare in the
caflle of ^larkenburg, by virtue of which thefe Counts flile themfelves
Counts of Eberßein and Lords of the country of Naicgardt and Maffb.
Lewis Chrißopher the laft of the Eberßein branch dying in 1663, Duke
Erneß Bogißaf Croy the late bifliop of Cammin, obtained all the abovementioned
Eberßein eftates, of Vv'hich the reverfion had before been granted
to him, and on his deceafe in 1684, thefe eftates again efcheated to the
eledoral houfe. In it is
Natigardlen or Neugartcn, a fmall town, fituated on a lake, between
Vol. IV. O
^
Golno
^

98 GERMANY, [Anhalt.
Golno and Regemonlde, and containing a provoftfliip. The circle named
from this place is united with that of Daher.
II. The bailiv/ick of Fridcrichjburg, formerly called ^arkenburg^ lies
contiguous with the former, under which alfo an account is given of it.
Friderichsburg, anciently called ^arhnbiirg^ is a market-town, containing
a feat.
The Principality of A N u a l t,
§. I. OChucbart's map of tlie principality of ^nha If, which was publiflied
^ in 1
7 ID, by Schenk, ftands in need of no fmall number of amendments.
Weigel hüs engraved this map in a fmaller fize.
§. 2. This principality to the north-caft terminates on the Mar/c of Brandenburg
} to the eaft on the eledlorate of Saxofjy, to the fouth on the marggravate
of Meißen; to the fouth-wefl; on the county of Mamfeld ; to
the north-wefl: on the dutchy of Brimjwuk, and northward on the principality
of Hclberjladt and the dutchy of Magdeburg. It is remarkable,
that at Hadertolz, near Heidelberg, not far from Gimtersberg, the territories
of BnmJ'iiiick, Anhalt, and Stolberg, meet in fuch a manner, that the
three fovereigns may fit at the fame table, and each be in his dominions.
This whole principality is fourteen German miles in length, and in breadth
between three and four, tho' in fome places more.
§.3. On the Harze, the air is frefli and healthy, but inclining to cold.
The harvefl: here is likewife later than in other places, but the levels enjoy
a milder air, though in fome places not fo healthy as in the Highlands.
The foil is various. In the diftridls of Cothen diud Ber?2burg the earth is
compaft and fat, and therefore particularly fertile in barley and wheat j
and the light and fandy country of Defan and Xerbfl are adapted to rye,
though thefe alfo are not without fome trads of a firmer texture. Tobacco
alfo is planted in the Deßhu part. It has every where plenty of
culinary and other herbs, as alfo of fruits, though, on the Harze, the
latter never arrive to their proper ripenefs. Here are likewife hop grounds
and vineyards, but the former anfvver better than the latter. The grafery
in this principality varies according to the difference of the foil. In Ccthen
and Bernburg fuel is fcarce ; but Zerbß and Deßau are plentifully provided
with it, particularly the Harze, efpecially in the bailiwicks of Ballenßadt 2,w^
Harzgerode, where it has fine woods of oak, beach, poplars, elm, limes,
&:c. and in general is a fine fporting country. The rivers here yield excellent
fifli ; and in the Milde, near Deßau, is a falmon fifliery, which was
formerly very profitable. Its rivers are the Elbe, which traverfes the
centre of the principality of Anhalt; the Milde, or Mulde, which runs into
the Elbe; the Saale; the Wipper, which empties itfelf into the laft preceding

;
Anhalt.] GERMANY,
99
ceding river; \S\tSeikc^ which joins \X\q Bude ; the Bude, which runs Into
the ScTalc ; the Fuhne, which alfo enters the Saale ; the Zitau, lofing itfelf
in ihc Fuhne the Nuke in Xerbß, which runs into the Elbe-, and
',
the
Rofzlau, in the fame country, likewife running into the Elbe. The Afchcrßeben
or Gaterßebe?i-\3ke, which was two German miles in length, and in
fjme places almofl: one broad, has been drained, and converted into corn
land and paftures. The mines on the Harze yield lead, copper, filvcr,
iron, coals, fuiphur, vitriol, alum, falt-petre, and other minerals,
§. 4. In the whole principality are nineteen towns, and two boroughs
mofl of the towns and villages in its lower parts were originally founded
by the Wendi. The ftates of the country are compofed of the nobility,
which is very numerous here, and likewife of the towns ; out of the former
are chofen a fub-diredlor and three provincial counfellors. Thefe, with
the four fenior burghermafters of the four refidential towns, form the leiTer
committee; whereas the great committee confifts of twenty perfons, viz.
twelve noblemen and eight burghermafters, that is to fay, two out of every
refidential town. Befides thefe there is likewife a commiffioner of the revenue
here, who is aflifted with a fecretary and fyndick. The convocation
of the States to the Diet runs in the name of the four feveral Princes
of the houfe of Anhalt, who likewife direä; the proceedings thereof. Their
place of meeting is generally the refidentiary town, where the fenior of
the princely houfe refides, though, if circumftances require it, another
place may be chofen. Diets alfo are held in this principality, for the infpedion
of the provincial accounts.
Chriftianity was introduced into this country in the ninth century.
The reformation firft began to take place here in 1521, in the diocefe of
Gernrode, and with a fwift progrefs fpread itfelf over the whole country.
The poflefTions belonging to the monafteries were employed in augmenting
the revenues of the alms-houfes and churches here ; as alfo in the founding
of fchools, and in the eftabliiliing ftipends and exibitions. Till the
year 1596 the whole country profefi'ed hutheranijm, but at that time the
Calvinijl dodlrine was introduced, and the feveral churches, as well in the
towns as villages, of which the fovereign had the patronage, were filled
with Calvinijl minifters. The parifliioners, however, v^'ere left to their
own opinion ; and to the noblemen and their vaflals was fecured the free
t\txc\(Q oi Lutheraitifm. By virtue of a compacfl made in 1679, the Lutherans
are permitted to ereft new churches. The Zerhß line, with the
greateft part of its fubjeds, profefs Lutherayiifin, but the three other lines
here are of the Calviniß church, which is alfo the eUabliflied religion in
their refpeclive territories.
§. 5. For the inftruöion of youth in literature, the towns are endowed
with Latin fchools ; and exclufive of thefe, there is an univeriity at Xerlß,
which belongs in common to all the Princes of Anhalt,
O 2 §. 6. In

100 GERMANY. [Anhalt.
§. 6. In fome towns in this principality are manufadures of cloth,
{lockings and hats, and at Cothen and Zcrbjl are even gold and filver
fabrics.
§. 7. The county, as it was formerly called, or the principality of
Allhalt, derives its name from the caftle of Anhalt, the ruins of which
are to be k^w not far from Harzgerodc. The family of the Princes of
Anhalt are defcended from the Afcaniam. We fhall begin with Otho of
Afcania who married Etlika daughter to Magnus Duke of Snxony. His fon
Albert the Bear in 1135 obtained the margravate of Soltvcedel, and as he
was the firft Md^'cggxzwt c^ Brandenburg, fo he hkewife became Duke of
Saxony. Albert left two fons behind him, namely, O/^oMarquifs of Bra7idenburg,
and Bertihard who was Duke of Saxony. Henry cldefl: fon to
the latter, preferred the county of ylnhalt to the dutchy of Saxony, which
he ceded to his younger brother Albert, afluming however the title of Prince
of Anhalt, which notwithftanding he did not conftantly make ufe of any
more than his defcendants, who placed it after the title of Count, till
about the middle of the fourteenth century, when they began to place the
title of Prince, before the latter. Henry II. eldefl: fon to Otho, founded the
Afcherßeben-\\x\z, vvhich foon became extinä: in his fecond fon Otho, whofe
w^idovv Elizabeth alienated the county of Afcherßeben. Bernhard the fecond
fon was the founder of the elder Beriiburg line which failed in 1468 in the
perfon of Beernhard VI. The third fon named Siegfried founded the Zerbß
line, which in his grandfons, Albert the Younger and Waldemar, became
divided into thofe of Zcrbß and Deßau, and by Albert IV. and Sigifmund
grandfons to the former, into the lines of Cothen and Zerbß. By four
great grandfons alfoofthe latter, namely Wolfgmg, JohnYV. GeorgelW.
and Joachim it was divided into the Cothen, Zerbß, Harzgerode and
Dcßau-Y\ncs. Joachim Ertieß II. fon to John IV. again reunited the whole
principality of Anhalt, and is the founder of all the prefent Princes of
Anhalt. He died in 1586, leaving feven fons behind him. Of thefe the
third and fifth died without heirs, and Atigußus IV. lived in retirement at
Plotzkan, without requiring any part of his lands. But the four other brothers
divided their fathers territories into four parts, Prince Joh?i George I.
obtaining Befau, Prince Chrißian I. Bernburg, Prince Rodolphus Zerhji, and
VirnztLc^ii Cothen. The fonof the laft of thefe Prinzes dying in 1665 without
h.eirs, his fhare of the country was by the other three lines, conferred upon
Leberecht and Immanuel, fons to the above-mentioned Prince of Plotzkan,
who on their fide ctdtA Plotzkau to Ber?iburg. The right of primogeniturediip
takes places in all thefe four lines.
§. 8. The prefent ufual title of all thefe feveral Princes, is Princes of
Anhalt, Dukes of Saxo?7y, Engern and Weftphalia, Counts of Aßania,
Lords of Bernburg and Zerbß. The Deßau Wnt has likewife inferted in its
title the lordiliip of Gropzigk, and the Zerbß line thofe of Jever and Knipbaujen.

Anhalt.] GERMANY. loi
häufen. The arms for Anhalt confift of nine fields : in the dexter chief
point is pearl, a bear with a collar ot diamonds and topazes, and a crown
topaz, placed palliint, on four turrets ruby, on a wall with a gate, fignifying
the ancient barings. In the fecond are five pales diamond, for the
lordihip of Barenßadt. In the third checquee pearl and diamond. In the
fourth checquee topaz and ruby denoting the county of Walderfee. The
fifth pearl an eagle counter changed, the clav/s and bill topaz, and winged
with a femicircle of the fame, in a field pearl ; as likewife five pales and a
wreath of rue, in a field topaz, and in this field the Saxon and Bratidenbiirg
arms are mutually quartered, to exprefs their common origin. In
the fixth faphire are two bendlets from the left to the right, for the
county of Warrmdorj. In the feventh an eagle pearl in a field faphire,
for the county of Miilingen. The eighth is pure ruby, and termed the
bloody banner, or bloody Ihield, with the regalia coat. In the ninth is a
hear diamond with a collar of pearls, ftanding on a wall ruby, with a gate
diamond and three battlements ruby to denote the lordfliip of Bernbcrg,
Since the year 1689, at which time the dutchy of Sa::e-Lauenberg
became vacant, the houfe oi Anhalt having a claim to it have quartered
three other (hields with their arms, namely i . The arms of Saxony confifting
of five pales, with a wreath of rue to denote the dutchy of Saxonv.
2. An eagle dil'played and crowned topaz, in a field faphire, for the
palatinate of Saxony. 3. Three beetles horns or a femietrcle ruby, in a
field pearl for the ancient county ox B?'ee. The Zerbß line alio bears
three particular fljields, namely a lion topaz, for the lorddiip oi jevei', a
lion diamond, in a field topaz, for the lordfliip of Kniphaiijen, and a
hounds-head, with a collar topaz, placed betwixt two wings, pearl in a
field faphire, for the bailiwick of Walter-N'ienburg.
§. 9. All the four reigning lines enjoy coUeftively, for the principality of
Anhalt, both in the college of Princes at the Diet of the Empire, and
likewife in theD.ets oiUpper-Saxotiy only one vote, but the ancient abbey of
Genvode entitles them to another in both thefe affemblies. Their contingent
to a Roman month, is iox'Anhalt nine horfe and twenty foot, or one
hundred and eighty-eight florins, and to the chamber of Wetzlar two
hundred and forty-three rixdollars, forty-feven kruitzers.
§. 10. The fetiior of the princely houfe delivers its vote at the Diets,
receiving
his invefiiture from the Emperor, fummons the Diets, and fuperintends
all the other affairs of general concern there, though jointly with
agents from the other lines, who are generally two, "ciz. a nobleman
and a civilian.
§. II. Each of the reigning lines, has its regency, exchequer and confiftory.
§. 12. The annual produce of the whole principality of Anhalt to the
four reigning lines, is eftimated at betwixt 5 and 6co,ooa rixdollars.
§. 13. We

J 20 G E R M A N r. [Deffau,
§.13. We now come to a particular defcription of the feveral parts appertaining
to each line.
To
I'he Principality o/' D E s s a u
which belongs
I. The baihwicic oi Deffau, containing
DeJpJti, the refidence of the Prince, fituated in a delightful plain on the
river Mulde, which at a fmall diflance from this town runs into the Elbe.
Dejfau confifts of the town oi Deßhu, particularly fo called, of the Neufladt
on the north fide, the fuburb called the Sand, another before the Muldegate,
and the Wa[ferfladt or ivater-tcwn on the other fide of the Mulde.
Befides the Prince's palace here, which is a ftately building, it has alfo two
Cahiniß churches and one Lutheran church, with a grammar fchool, two
alms-houfes and an orphan-houfe. At Defau likewife are fome good
manufadures of cloth, ftockings and hats. In the year 1467, this town
was entirely deftroyed by fire.
Oranienbautn, a regular and pretty little town, pleafantly fituated on the
fpot where anciently flood the village of Nifchivitz. Henrietta Catharine
Princefs of Orange and confort \.o 'john George W. in 1686 built a fuperb
ftone villa at this place, and named it Oranicnbautn, which with the other
buildings belonging to it, is furrounded with a moat. Its garden is extremely
beautiful. She afterwards raifed the village to a town, and permitted new
houfes to be built there, but on a regular plan with the former. The
foundation of the churches here was laid in the year 1707.
Ragun, a mean and open town, but ftanding in a pleafant fituation as
being built on an ifland in the Mulde. In 1642 the greatefl: part of this
place was deftroyed by fire.
Je/hitz, commonly called New-Jefnitz, to diftinguifli it from Old-Jeßitz,
a village lying not far from it ; is an open town feated on the Mulde, and
containing two fuburbs. This town has a particular court of its own,
befides its magiftracy. In the year 1567 a great part of it was deftroyed
by fire.
Moßgkau and Capelle, two villages.
II. The bailiwick of Werlitz, to which belongs
Worlitz, a country town having a hunting feat, a farm, a bailiwick-office
belonging to the Prince, and a provoftfliip. In the year 1725, this place
was deftroyed by fire.
The villages of Kackau, Rießck and Griefen, together with
The farm of
Schenitz.
III. The Bailiwick of Radegaß, in which lie the villages of Radegaß.
Zchmitz and Zebitz,
IV. The

;
DefTau.] GERMANY. 103
IV. The bailiwick of Gropzigky purchafed by Prince Leopold I, of the
{zmWy oi Werder. In it
Gropzigk, a fmall town having a caflile fituated on the Fuhn. To this
town belongs the village ol Wcrderßjaufen containing a feat, together with
thofe of Pietken and Wlskau ; as alfo Neuhauful^ a village on the Fuhn, rebuilt
by Prince Leopold, who, in memory of the five Princes then living,
ordered the church there to be called the church of the five brothers
and Kaita farm.
V. The bailiwick of Sanderßebett. In the town of that name, lying on
the Wipper, is a princely palace which of late, has been the refidence of the
Dowager Princeffes. This town has frequently fuffered by fire.
VI. The bailiwick of Freckleben. In the village of Freckkben, is a
very ancient and large palace belonging to the Princes, fortified with
towers and walls of a remarkable thicknefs.
this bailiwick includes likewife that of Meringer,
Cijiercian nunnery.
Befides the village oi Drotidorf,
in which formerly flood a
VII. The bailiwick of Great-Alßeben, containing the town ofthat name,
in which is a princely palace, built in 1666, together with the villages of
of Little-Alßeben and Alkcndorf.
Obf. To the houfe 0I Anhalt Dcßau, likev/ife belongs in the above bailiwick
the dutchyof Magdeburg, and in the Kingdom oi Prußia a confiderable
tradt of land.
2. The principality of Bernburg.
To which belongs
I. The town and bailiwick of Bernbiirg, containing
Bernburg, in Latin Bernburgum, ArSlopolis and UrfopoHs, the capital and
refidence of the Prince, feated on the river Sala, over which it has a handfome
bridge of free ftone, built in 1707 and 1708. This is a place of
great antiquity and confifts properly of three diQindt towns. The Old and'
New town had formerly their feparate rights and magiftracy, but in the
year 1560 Prince Wolfgang united them into one. On the land fide it is
environed with walls and moats, and befides its magiflracy has a governor
appointed by the Prince, who prefides in the fupreme court of jufiice.
In the old town ftands one church, with the fchool, the town houfe, and
the Prince's fecretary-ofiice, and in the town is likewife a church, together
with the Gernrod-court. That part of Bernburg called Vordenburg, flands
on a hill on the other fide of the Sala, and is reckoned the third part of
it, though it is under a diftindl magiftracy, conftitution and privilegep,.
The church in this part ferves both for the caftle and court. The caftle
is one of the moft ancient, and at the fame time the moft celebrated fortrefiTes
in the principality of Anhalt, It ftands on a high rock, being
environed with deep and lined moats, and below it on the north fide runs
the Sala, on which ftands the noble ftone iluice, ereäed in 1696, by
Prince

104 G E R M. A N r. [Defiliu.
Prince ViSior Amadeus.
The Augu/iine convent here was at the Reformation
converted into a hofpital and poor houie. To the north of the New town,
lies the fuburb of JVaUau, in which is one church.
Zeitz, a feat or caftl?, belonging to the Prince, and formerly pofleffed
by noblemen, but being purchaied in 1685 by Prince ViSlor Aviadais, he
made confiderable improvement in it. At prefent it belongs to the line
of Hoym-Scbaumburg.
II. The bailiwick cÄ HcckUngen, fo called from the village oi Hecklingen,
where formerly llood a BctjediSline nunnery, which being fequeftrated at
the Reformation, was in 1571, together with its appurtenances, conferred
as a fief on the fainily of Trotte.
III. The bailiwick oi Plotzkau lies on the Sala. In this bailiwick flands
the caftle of Phtzkau, which is built on a rock. Here are likewife fome
parochial villages, with two manfion-houfes belonging to noblemen.
IV. The bailiwick of
To which belongs
Ballenßadt.
Ballenßadt, a feat appertaining to the Prince. This feat flands on a
high rock; and in 1704 was very much improved by Prince ViSlor Amadeus.
It is faid to have been at firft called Balkenßadt, being originally only a
blockhuule built of large balks or beams. About the year 940 a college
was founded here, which in 11 10 was converted into a Benediciine convent,
and at length ereded into a caftle. In a vale not far from it lies
The little town of Ballenßadt., through which runs the Getel. This
place was walled and erected into a town in the time of Prince
Wolfgang, but is now the feat of the baiUwick. In 1397 it was facked
and deftroyed, and in 1498 burnt down.
V. The bailiwick of Harzgerodc. The forefts about Harzgerode, and
in this country, which formerly in confideratlon of the fum of 6000 rixdollars
per annum, were annexed to the houfe of Bernburg, at prefent one
year with another bring in 70,000 rixdollars. In this bailiwick is
Hatfgerode or Harzgerode a town, which for a long time, bore its firO:
name, importing a hunting foreß. But in more modern times the latter
appellation began to come in ufe; which is derived from the fituation of
the place, as it lies at the entrance of the foreltof ä?/-^;. Both the walls
and houks here, are built of a motly kind, of marble, in which this
country abounds. On its eafl: fide Prince William in the year 1608,
ercdled a new town, which in 1705 was called Augußenßadt, and oppofite
to this is a fuburb named Die Freiheit, with a hofpital at the end of it. On
the north fide is the new mine-town called Wilhehnßadt. The caftle here,
was completed in 1552. In the town is a mine and fupervifor's-office.
Both Harzgerode and its bailiwick have been frequently mortgaged to other
neighbouring Princes. In 1635 and 1666 it futfered greatly by fire.
Wilhehnshof, a houfe and farm belonging to the Prince, lies in the foreft,
3 ^ot

in
:
Denan.] G E R M A N r. 105
not from Harzgerode. It is an elegant ftrudture and mofl delightfully fituated.
The building was completed in 1582, and the houfe itfelf confifts of
two flories.
Obf. Farther in the foreft on a high and fteep mountain are to be feen fome
now overgrown with buflies
ruins of the ancient caftle oi Anhalt, which is
Its rudera belong neither to the Harzgerode nor any other particular territory,
but at the partition of the country, were, together with the title, left in
common, and even to this day are mentioned in the imperial grant among
the fiefs
of the Princes.
Monchenhojen, feated on a high mountain.
VI. The bailiwick of Gtmfersberg, which is a fmall town, but one of the
tnofl: ancient in all Anhalt, and formerly environed with a wall and
moated. Its caftle is the refidence of the fteward of the bailiwick. The
eftate here has been raifed to a principality by the title of Albertinenberg.
In 1*^40 and 1707, the town fuffered greatly by fire.
Vil. The bailiwick oi Hoym, being the inheritance of a collateral line of
the Bernburg branch, which is defcended from Prince Lebrccht. The
Prince's refidence is in the lordfliip of Schauniburg, which is fituated
in the circle of the Upper-Klmie, and he is likewife proprietor of thecafi;le of
Zeitz, mentioned under the bailiwick of Bernburg. In this bailiwick is
Hoym, a finall town containing a cafi:le, and lying on ths Solke. It
was ereded into a town in 1543, and is a fief of the cathedral of ^edlinburg.
Reinßadt, a village fituated on the Solke.
Fro/e, a houfe belonging to the Prince. This houfe (lands on the fpot
which was formerly covered by the AfcherJIeben-hke, and was originally a
nunnery, dependent on the convent abbey of Gernrode.
VIII. The bailiwick of Gernrode, which has been founded for an abbey
for ladies. This bailiwick intitles the houfe of Anhalt to a particular vote
in the Diets of the Empire and Circle, as fliall be more particularly fhewn
in the
fequel.
The abbey itfelf is converted into a manfion-houfe.
The town of Gernrode here, was at firfl: only a village, but on the additions
made to the wealth of the abbey, and the number of the inhabitants,
obtained divers immunities and privileges. Divine worfiiip is
performed the abbey church
, at this place, that belonging to the town
being for the moft part ufed only at funerals.
Vol. VI, P TL'

io6 GERMANY. [Cothcn.
To
1 . 1
T'he Principality o/' C o t ii E N,
which belongs
he bailiwick oiCcthen, in Latin-, Cothena, the refidence of the Prince.
This place lies on the little river Zitmi, and confilis of the Old and New tow7i,
the latter of which, in 1620, was incorporated with the former. The new
market and the new fuburb here, are fituated before the Bar or Sclavofuan
gate.
Under Prince Leopold was ereded the JVallfztraJt', which is both broad
and handfome, and planted on each lide with trees, reaching from the Magdeburg
to Hall-gate. The ancient palace here, lies in the Old toivn and a New
one for the refidence of the Prince has been eredted in the Wallfztrafe.
Exclufive of the town-church which is Calviniß, here is likewife one for
Lutherans, together with a Cahiniß and Lutheran free-fchool, a Calviniß
and Lutheran orphan-houfe, and a hofpitaJ, within the Hall-gate. The town
itfelf is in a thriving condition, which is not a little owing to the gold and
filver manufadlures that have been fet up in the Wallfztrafe. 1 he right
of judicature here, is entirely in the Prince's hand, who appoints a judge
with four afieffors, and a recorder. The town is of fo fmall antiquity, as
not to have been known in the time of Henry I. In 1445 it was put under
the ban of the Empire. In 1569 the clergy of Anhalt held a fynod
here. And in 1617 Prince Lewis founded a poetical fociety at this place,
ftiled the frugiferous.
2. The fifty two villages and bailiwicks of Cothen, are divided into the
following parifhes :
viz.
Klepzig, a village containing a church, in which the two Calvinißs townminifters
of Ccthen officiate. In this village too is an eflate belonging to
the Prince's exchequer.
The Cahiniß pariOi of Plfzdorf., comprehending four villages, in which
are three churches, two eftates belonging to the Prince, and two noblemen's
manors.
The Cahiniß pariüi of Oßer-Nienburg, in which is the parochial-village
of Oßer-Nieiiburg., with a manor, two farms belonging to the Prince,
and one to the village.
The Cahiniß parifli of Marzin, to which belongs the parochial-village
of that name, containing three manors, and one other manor.
The Lutheran parifli of Great-Badegaß, containing four villages,
in which
are three churches and four manors. The manor in the village of Great-
Badcgafl, though fubjed to Cothen, yet belongs to the houfe of Dejfau.
The Cahijiiß parifh of Profigk, confiding of five villages.
The Cahiniß parifh of Gnetfih, confifting of three villages. At this
lafl: is a bailiwick and manfion-houfe belonging to the Prince.
The Cahiniß pariOi of Great-JVeiffand, confifting of four villages.
3
The

GERMANY.
The Lutheran parifli of Schortewitz, to which belong four villages and
Zerbft.]
two churches.
The Lutheran parifh of Gorzig, confifting of three villages.
The Cahiniß pariHi of Reimdorf^ containing two villages.
The Cavinrß parifli of HohmdorJ, to which belong four villages and
two churches.
The Cahiniß parifli of Edderitz, containing two villages and the like
number of churches.
The Cahiniß parifli of Great-Pafehleben, to which belong four villages
and two churches. At Geutz not far from Cothen the Prince has a feat and
farm.
The Cahiftiß parifli of Biendorf.
II. The bailiwick of Nieiibiirg : in it
Nienburg or Monch- Nienburg, a fmall town feated on the Saale, containing
a palace belonging to the Prince, eredled out of a convent of Monks,
and having a particular church of its own. In this village too formerly flood
a cafl:le mentioned fo early as in a record of the year 975. In 1577 a fynod
was held here, confifting of the Anhalt clergy, relative to a concordate.
The Cahiniß parifli of Wedlitz.
The Lutheran parifli of Wtfpitz.
The Cahi?iiß parifli of Lattorf.
The Cahiniß parifli of Little-Pafcheleben,
containing three villages, with
two churches.
The Cahiniß parifli 0^ Preufzlitz, comprehending two villages, together
with two others which are incorporated with the parochial village of GramJdorf'wi
Magdeburg.
III. The bailiwick of Wulfen, confifling of the Cahiniß parifli of
Wulfen, to which belong the three villages olWulffen, Droßi and Diepzig.
IV. The bailiwick and county oi Warmsdorf, containing
WarmsdorJ, a feat belonging to thö Prince, and in the chapel of which
Prince George frequently preached in perfon.
Armdorf, the refidence of a fuperintendent.
Gußen, a fmall town on the Wipper, raifed to that dignity in 1373.
Kolbick, a farm on the Wipper, belonging to the Prince, but originally
a convent.
The Cahiniß pariihes of Neuendorf, Gicrfihleben and Ilberßadt.
107
/-Tp( 'O which belongs
'\the Principality o/' Z E r B s T,
I. Zerbß in Latin Serveßa, the refidence of the Prince, and the largefl:
and handfomeil town inthe v/holc principality oi Anhalt. The refidence-
P 2
houfe

io8
GERMANT. [Zerbft.
houfe here is remarkably grand. In the town are two hutherm churches,
one of which is Cahiniß, together with an univerfity common to all the
Princes of Anhalt, and founded in 1582 out of a common fchool, as the
latter had rifen out of a convent of bare-footed Monks. It has a reftor
with three Cahiniß, and one Lutheran profeffor, befides which here is alfo
a Lutheran and a Cahiniß fchool. The beer brewed here, with its manufaftures
of gold and filver are very profitable articles, though the firft have
formerly been more efteemed than atprefent. The judicial feat here in 1572
was united with the council, and the criminal court at the fame time fuppreffed.
The town itfelf is very ancient. In 1506 near one third of it was
deftroycd by fire. To it belongs the village of Krako, in the bailiwick
of Rcfzlau.
Ankun, a fmall town lying to the wefl of 7.erbß, fo near it, that, in
the imperial patents it is termed a fuburb, though, like other towns, it
has a corporation of its own. In the year 1707, a great part of this
place was deftroyed by fire.
Friderikenberg, a feat belonging to the Prince, with a church and a
garden.
Packendorf-Badetz, Bergfrieden, and Serno a farm belonging to the Princes.
The other feventeen villages here, have either parochial or filial churches.
II. The bailiwick oi Walter-Niaiburg, devolved to the houfe of Anhalt-
Zerbft in 1659, on the extindion of the Counts of Barby, the houfe of
Anhalt having in 1422 and 1434' obtained the reverfion from the elecfloral
houfe of Saxony. It is a fief of the Elector's, and contains five villages,
-amono- which is the parochial village of Walter-Nienburg, with the tollhoufe
of Tocheiwb on the Elbe.
III. The bailiwick of Dornburg fo called from Dornburg, a village belonging
to the Prince, and feated on the Elbe, with a beautiful garden
to it, and an adjoining village. In this country formerly flood
an Imperial caftle named Dornburg, Thorenburch, Torneburg, Dcrcnburg,
&;c. mention of which occurs fo early as the ninth century, and the ruins
of it may be feen at low water in the Elbe, not far from the wood of
Great-Hagen. Till the eleventh century this caflle was for fometime the
refidence of the German and Rotnan Kings. In the twelfth century it
appears to have given title to Counts. That which flood on the fite of
the prefent caflie, fince the fifteenth century, has pafTed through feveral
noble families, and was held as a fief by the houfe of y^w/W/. Towards
the end of the fixteenth century, it was purchafed by the family oi Miinchhaufen,
but '^ohn Munchhaiijen dying in 1664, without male heirs, the
Lord paramount took pofl^eflion of it; the relations of the deceafed not
having renewed fhe invefliture, and thus abandoning the fucceffion. But
thefe on the other hand ailed ging that there was no necefTity of previoufly
renewing the inveftiture, the procefs is flili depending before the
Auiic

:
Zerb/l.] Q E R M A N r. 109
Aulic council.
The houfe of Anhalt-'Lerbß however has continued in poffeflion
of it. Prince Charles William eredled a new feat here, which, in
1687, he conferred on his brother 'John Lewis, for his refidence. In the
prefent century this feat received further decorations and improvements, by
becoming the manfion of the Princefs Dowager Joanna Elizabeth, Dutchels
by birth oi Holjlcin-Gottorf-, but in 1750 took fire by accident, and was
entirely burnt, with a great variety of rich furniture and valuable ornaments
it has been replaced however by a flrudlure built with all the regularity
and elegance of modern architedlure.
4. The bailiwick of Lindau, containing the ancient county of Lindau,
the Counts of which were of the fame lineage with the Counts oi Arnßein
in the country of Mamfeld, and likewife with thofe of Mulingen and
Barby. They added alfo to their poffeffions the county of Ruppi?i in
the Mark, (Ice Vol. V. p. 677.) In 1372 Count Ulrich mortgaged the
county of Lindau to Prince yo/j« of Anhalt; and in \/i^^y QownX. Albert
ceded it to the houfe oi Anhalt, with power of redemption. On the extindion
of the Counts oi, Lindau and the Lords of Ruppin, in the year
1524, and on the devolution of the county oi Ruppin to Joachim I. Eledor
of Brandenburg, as Lord paramount, the faid Joachim was for redeeming
the county oi Lindau. At length, namely in 1577 it was agreed that the houfe
of Anhalt fhould hold the county as a male fief of the houfe o{ Brandenburg,
who itfelf holds it as a fief from the abbefs oi ^edlinburg. To the bailiwick
of Lindau belongs
Lindau, an old caftle, with a fmall town annexed to it. In the years
1689 and 1701 this place fufFered very much by fire.
Fourteen villages, two of them belonging to noblemen.
5. The bailiwick oi Rofzlau, which is a fief of the abbey of ^tedlinhurg,
and contains under it
Rofzlau, a fmall town, near which the river of that name enters the
Elbe. In this town is an old caftle.
Nineteen villages, four of which belong to noblemen ; Krako, belonging
to the town oi Xerbfl -, and
'Tome, a princely farm.
6. The bailiwick oi Cojwick, in which is
Cofzvick, a fmall tou'n, {landing in a high and pleafant country on the
Elbe. The feat here is the ufual refidence of the Princefs Dowager of
Anhalt-Zerbß. At this place hkewife formerly was a cathedral. Though
the town has a magiftracy of its own, yet both the civil and criminal
jurifdidions are exercifed by a judge of the Princefs's nomination.
2. Büro, a commandery of the Td'/^/öwV/^ order, belonging to x\\z Saxon
baily, and conferred on the order by the houfe ol Anhalt in the year 1259.
In 1697 ^"'^^ comrnandery, after long contefts, fubm.itted to the princely
houfe. The vdlage oi Büro lies on the Elbe y befides which, fome other
villages alio belong to the comrnandery.
Fourteen

no GERMANY. [Zerbft.
Fourteen other villages, two of which belong to noblemen, with Kobelfiiorfhrm,
which is the property of the Prince.
7. The bailiwick of Midingen, confiding of the parochial-villages of
Great and Littlc-Mulitigeji, and being a fief of Saxony. This bailiwick
•was anciently a county belonging to the Counts of Barby, as an arriere fief
of the Princes of Anhalt, and on the failure of the faid Counts, reverted to
thofe oi Anhalt ; upon which it was at firft annexed to their patrimonial
tftates,
but afterwards appropriated to Zerhjl.
Obf. The Zcrbß line is alfo proprietor of the lordHiip of Jever; an
account of which will be given under the Circle of Weßphalia.
The Abbey of ^U EDLINBU RG.
^edlinburg, an imperial free temporal abbey; was founded betwixt theyears
932 and 936 by King Henry I. and enriched with further endowments by
his confort Matilda -, but in 937 and in the following years it received other
donations from the Emperor Otho I. In 1539 it embraced Lutheranijm,
and by feveral formal afts and oaths, is bound to the maintenance of that
religion. It confifts at prefent of four dignitaries, 'viz. of the Lady Abbefs
and three others, who are diftinguiflied by the titles of provoft, dean,
and canon. The abbefs is an immediate Princefs of the empire, and at
the Diet enjoys both feat and voice on the bench of the prelates of the
Rhine, as flie likewife does in the Diets of Upper-Saxony. Her afTefTment
to a Roman month is fifty-two florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar
eighty-one rixdollars eighteen kruitzers. The arms of the abbey are two
carving knives, cr, placed in a faltire crofs, with handles of the fame,
in a field gules. Anciently the houfe of Afcania, or Anhalt held the patronage
or government of ^edlinburg as a fief from the abbey. On the
failure of the Electors of Saxony of this houfe, in the year 1420, the town
of its own nomination committed itfclf to the patronage of the Bifliop of
Halberjladt ; but the Eledtor Erneß, and Duke Albert of Saxony, brothers
to the Abbefs Hedwiga, in 1477 by force reduced it again under the
dominion of their fifter, who, in return, conferred the patronage and
upper-jurifdiction on her brothers, as a male fief. The government of
the abbey continued hereditary in the houfe of Saxony, by which it was at
length transferred to the houCe oi' Brandenburg, for the fum of 300,000
rixdollars ; and thus the hereditary or lower jurifdidion was all that remained
to the Abbefs. By virtue of the agreement concluded in 1574,
betwixt the Elector Augißin and the Abbefs Elizabeth, no Abbefs nor any
other dignitary is to be chofen without the knowledge of the patron, or againfl
his confent. His Prußian Majefty's capitanry, as Eledor of Brandenburg,
confirts of a commander, a fecretary, and recorder, who fuperintend the
rights and privileges both of the patron and the abbey. The king has alfo
a court

ZeiM.] GERMANY. iii
a court of JLiftice here, and a tax-office. The Abbefs has likcvvlfe an office
and confiftory of her own.
The bed reprefentatioii of the territory belonging to the abbey is in Ho^
?;m/2«'3 map of the principality of H^/Z^t-r/^rt^/, which was publiffied in 1750.
To it belongs
^edlinburg, a town, fituated on the Bode, which runs betwixt the old and
new town. At this place is a court ot juftice belonging to the abbey, with
a particular magiftracy, which is divided into two councils. The abbefs,
with the chapter, lives on a hill at the cathedral of St. Servatius, where King
Henry I. lies interred. The fuperintendent of the abbey oi ^ledlinburg is the
chief minifler of St. Benedi5l\ church. In this town are alfo the churches of
St. Nicholas, St. Elafim, and St. Gyles, (the laft of which is
faid to be the oldeft
in the town) the hofpital church of the Hol^ Ghoß, the church of St. Johriy
and the hofpital in the Wejlendorf. Without the town is the hofpital of St.
Ann, and a college, the latter of which was formerly a Francijcan convent.
Near the town ftands the church of St. Wipert, with a farm near
it, which was formerly a convent, and a nunnery for ladies, on mount
Bion, but which was- iupprefled in 1541. King iit"«/'^ I. began to build,
and at the fame time to fortify this town in the year 920, on his being
eledled King of the Germans. In 937
the Emperor Olho I. conferred the
town and imperial palace on the abbey. In 1326 the old town, of its
own authority, put itfelf under the protedtion of the billiop of Halberftadty
and, contrary to the will of the abbefs, acceeded to the hanfe confederacy.
It was alfo for feparating itfelf from the abbey ; and the diflridt having
been firfl mortgaged to it by the Count oi Rheinjiein, and in 1 396 by the abbey
itfelf, it was thus enabled to hold the balance in fufpence againft the latter,
and its feveral appurtenances, or rather was too mighty for them : But in
1 477, being mattered by the Eledor Erneji and Duke Albert oiSaxoiiy, it was
Reduced to the fuhjeäiion of the abbefs, and its confi:itution changed. In
1583, a conference was held here betwixt the divines oi Saxony and the
Palatinate of Brandenburg. Mofi: of the villages belonging to the abbey
have been utterly dellroyed in its late war. Exclufive however of feveral
farms and manfion-houfes it ftill polTefles
Ditfurt, a country town, fituated on the Bode, and containing a parifli
church. Ramberg, a large wood here, belongs to the town, and is at prefent
feparated from the other lands of the abbey by a part of the principality
of Halberßadt:
The ,A B B E Y of G E R N RO D E
Was originally a free temporal convent for ladies, founded in the year
960, by Gero Marggrave of Lufatia, and richly endowed. The houfe of
Anhalt having refumed it on the firft of January 1624, it was confirmed in
the

•
{landings
,i2 GERMANY. [Zerbft.
the poffeffion thereof by the treaty of Weßphalia, and by virtue of it is
entitled to a feat and voice among the prelates of the Rhine, both in the
imperial Diet and that of the circle oWppcr-Saxony. The aflefTinent for this
abbey to a Roman month is thirty-fix florins. Its payment to the chamber
of Wetzlar is included in that oi Anhalt, which has been mentioned above.
At prefent it is a bailiwick, belonging to the Bcrnburg hne, and is defcribed
above in the principality of Anhalt.
The Abbey oi TV A L K E N R I E D.
The imperial free abbey of Walkenrted lies in the lordfhip of Klettenberg^
and was founded in 1 127 by Adelheida, confort to Volkmar Count of Klettenberg,
and Countefs by birth oi Lare or Lohra. It was of the Cißercian
order, and poficlfed of feveral eflates, farms, manfions, paflures, waters,
woods, and mills, with fomc other demefnes in the towns oi Northauferit
Gofzlar, Gottifigen, and Oßerivick. The Counts o^ Klcttenberg were hereditary
patrons of this abbey in which, as alfo in the lordfliip oi Klettenbergt
on their failure in 1260, they were fucceeded by the Counts ol Hohenßein.
In 1457, by an injunftion from the Emperor jP;Wi,77f>^ III. and in J
524
by the Emperor Charles V. the Dukes of Saxony were in the name of the
empire empowered to take the convent of Walkenried into their protedion.
In 1546 the then abbot introduced the Lutheran doctrine and fervice
here, which, in 1556, became fully efliablifhed, and a fchool was ereded
in the convent. In 1568 the Counts oi Hohenßein entered into a compadl
with the Elector of Saxony, that the convent fhould have two patrons, viz:
the Elector of Saxony, as chief patron, and fubordinate to him, the Count
of Hohenßein ; and that it fliould annually pay the fum of three hundred guilders,
as alfo maintain every fourth boy in the fchool on the Elector's account.
In 1574 the Eledor oi Saxony, and Henry Juliers, bifliop of Halberßadt^
Duke, by birth, of Brunfivick and Liineburg, entered into a compad: for
the exchange of the iiti oiHohenßein againfl; that oi Mamfeld, in which the
Eleftor transferred to the bifliop of Halberßadt the chief patronage over
the convent of Walkenried, and other princely prerogatives belonging to him
in Hohenßein. In 1581 a convention was agreed upon between this bifhop
and Erneß the laft Count of Hohenßein, for the fettling of feveral mifunder-
which had rifen concerning the convent. In 15S3 the faid
bifhop ^Henry 'Juliers, with confent of the chapter, yielded up the reverfien
of the lorddiips of Lohra and Klettenberg, with the fupreme patronage
over the abbey of Walkenried. Erneß the laft Count of Hohenßein dying
in 1593, bifliop He}27-y Juliets, as hereditary feoffee to his father Duke
Julius,
and likewife as Duke of Brunfwick, took abfolute poffeffion of thefe
lordfhips, together with the chief patronage and adminiftration over Walkenriedt
and received the inveftiture from the chapter. After his death
the

;
Schwarzburg.] GERMANY. 113
the patronage and adminiftration of the convent devolved on his fon Duke
Frederich Ulrich, Duke of Bninpwick, who dying in 1634, it came to
Duke Chrijlian Lewis. At the peace of JVeßphalia, the abbey of Walkenried
was afligned to the Dukes of Brimfivick and Limeburg, as an hereditary
fief, and the patronage of the abbey aboliflied. After the death of thelafl
named Duke, by virtue of a convention agreed upon at Hildc/heim, in 1665,
between Duke John Frederick, and George IVilliam, it came to the latter
and in 1672 defcended by compacft to the Prince ol Brunfivick Wolfenbuttel,
who is ftill in pofTeffion of it as a bailiwick. Duke Lewis Rodolphus added
it to the houfe of Blankenburg. While the Diets of Vpper-liaxony fubfifted,
it entitled the princely houfe to fit and vote therein, next to the abbey of
Gernrode ; but in the Diets of the empire it has no voice. This abbey,
in the matricula of the empire and circle, was formerly afiefied at fortyeight
florins; but of this afTeifment it made complaint. To the chamber of
Wetzlar It. pays eighty-one rixdoUars and eleven kruitzers. To the bailiwick
of Walkenried belong, i. The convent and town of Walkenricd on the Xorge,
in which is an ecclefiaftical infpeöor, with three paftors under him.
2. Zorge, containing two large iron manufactories. 3. Hohengeift, a village,
4. Neuenhof 3Xi'^ Wiedigshof, included by Prußa in the lordlloip of Klettcnbcrg.
'The Principality o/"Schwaiizburg.
§. I. '~T^ HE principality of Schivarzburg lies in 'Thtiringia, and is to be
-*-
feen in Homamii map of that country. The fouth part of it is
alfo to be feen in Hornann\ map of Eajl-Thuringia. This fouthern or
upper part is feparated from the north or lower part by an intermediate
fpace of fix German miles ; the former is furrounded by the principalities
Ol Coburg, Altejjburg, and Fifenach, and the territory of Erfurt; the latter
by the circle of Thiiringia, the electorate of Saxony, the counties of Stolberg.,
Hohenßein and Eichsfelde, and the territory of the imperial town of MuhU
hau'jcn.
§.2. It has feveral very beautiful and fertile parts. The Goldene Aue
here, in Latin, Aurea tempe, and Aureiim arviim, is a tract of land in the
lower principality, fituated betwixt Northatifen and Sangerhaufen, and watered
by the river Helm, in which tradt lie the towns of Kabra and Heringia.
The neighbourhood of Greuffen, with the Langewitz and the Aue,
in the latter of which lies Langewiefen, the Ilmengriind, the Blaue Aue, containing
Plauen, and the Wiejengrund, in which lie T'eichel, are remarkably
fruitful in all kinds of grain, efculent vegetables and fruits. The neighbourhood
of Klingen, Frankenhaufen, Flauen, and other places, afford
tolerable wine. The forefls of 'Thuringia^ the Hartz, and otherSj are of
'
Vol, VI,
great
Q_

114 GERMANY. [Schwarzburg,
great advantage to the country, the quantity of wood cut down in them
amounting annually to a ton of gold ; and mofl: of this wood is exported.
Thefe forefts likewife abound in deer, wild boars, &c. The rivers and ponds
here yfeld a great variety of good fifli. In the diftrid of Gehrett, at Reheberge,
near the Sch'u.\irze, is a gold-walli. Leutenberg, Konitz, and Schwarzburg,
afford mines of filver and copper ; and Frankenhaufen has very profitable
falt-works. In the neighbourhood of the laft place, and likewife zx. Kelbra,
is a very beautiful red and white alabaft:er. The principal rivers in the
upper principality are, the ScLivarze, which iflues out of the foreft o(Thuringia,
beyond the caftle of Schioarzburg, and contains particles of gold,
and betwixt Riidolfladt and Saalfeld, falls into the Saale ; the Ilm likewife
rifes in the foreft oilhuringia, one German mile and a half above Ilmenau,
and joins the Saale near Camburg ; the Gera has its fource alfo in the foreft
of ihuringia, and above the village of Gera, beyond Armfladt, divides
itfelf into two branches. Below Molfzdorf'xX. receives into it the ylpfelflett,
and at Erfurt divides itfelf again into two other branches, the largeft of
which runs into the Unßrut, below Gebefee, and the lefler at Vehra ; to
thefe rivers is to be added the Saale, which likewife touches on the upper
part of this principality : in the lower is the Helme, the fource of which lies
beyond Stuckey, from whence it enters the Golden plain below Heeringia,
and having received into it the Xorgange, below Artern, at Kalbefrieth, difcharges
itfelf into the Unßrut ; the Wipper, which rifes at Eichsfelde, and
pafling by Sonderß:aifen, below the village oi Hachelbuch, divides itfelf into
another branch, which, betwixt Rinkleben and Auern, mingles its waters
•with the Vnßrut, which is likewife joined by the main ftream betwixt
Gorfchleben and Sachfenburg ; and laftly the Helbe, which comes out of the
county of Hohnfiein, and below Greuffen divides itfelf into three branches,
all of which, at Weiffenfee, Scherrendorf, and Griffstett, fall into the Unßrut.
The laft of thefe three rivers is dry every year, and that fometimes for
twenty-four weeks fucceffively, during which time all the mills in the valley
are without work.
§.3. In the whole principality are twelve boroughs belonging entirely to
to it, together with the half of two others, ten market towns, fifteen caftles,
and about 100,000 fouls. The princely houfes here, and their fubjeds,
are Lutherans, and the pariflies are divided into infpedions.
§. 4. The prefent Princes of Schivarzburg, who, according to Ronicky
were formerly Counts, are defcended, as well as the ancient Counts of Kefernberg,
from Gujither Count of Kefernberg, fecond fon to Sizzo Count of
Schwarzburg and Kefernberg, who lived from the year 1143 to 1195.
Henry the younger, Günthers eldeft fon, was the founder of the prefent
Princes of Schivarzburg, as his fecond fon, named Gimther, was of the Counts
of Kefernberg, who became extinct in 1385. The fon of the former
Count Günther of Scbwarzburg, Lord of Blankenberg, left behind him a
fon

Schwarzburg.] GERMANY. 115
fon named Count He?iry, who lived from the year 1267 to 1274, and from
him all the following Counts of Schwarzburg are defcended : Johti Gun^
ther I. and Albert Anthony I. fons to Count Günther, who died in i C52,
founded two lines of the Schwarzburg houfe, which are ftill exifting ; "that
is to fay, the former that of Arnßadt, which was afterwards called the line
of SonderßMufin ; and the latter that of Rudoljladt. Chrißian Günther IL
who refided at Arnßadt, and Anthony Günther I. who lived at Sonderjhaiikn,
were grandfons to 'John Günther I. The line of the former failed in his
children, Chrißian William and Anthony Günther ; the fons of the latter
were, in 1697, together with their lawful heirs male and female, raifed"'
to the dignity of Princes of the empire, and the county of Schwarzburg
eredted into an immediate principality. Prince Chrißian William was fucceeded
in the government by his fon Günther, as he alfo was by his brother
Henry, who in 1
754 obtained both feat and voice in the college of Princes,
and after his demife in 1758, the fucceffion efcheated to Prince William
Günther, fon to his brother Augußm. Lewis Frederick the Great, founder
of the Rudolßadt line, was, in 1710, with the lawful heirs of his body male
and female, raifed to be Princes of the empire, and his county into an
immediate principality : and his grandfon Prince John Frederick, in 17C4,
was admitted to a feat and voice in the college of Princes.
§. 5. The Princes of Schwarzburg are inverted by the Emperor with
the office of grand mafter of the horfe to the empire. They are alfo huntfmen
to the empire ; but this title is enjoyed by other Princes in Germany.
The title and rank of the four Counts of the empire has been confirmed
to them by feveral Emperors, in particular inftruments, as for inftance,
hy Maximilian I. in 15 18, hy Maximilian II. in i ijöö, by Rodolph II. in
1576, hy Matthias in 161 2, and by Ferdijiand HI. in 1638. This title
they firfl: ufed in 1567, at the convention of Erfurt; the full title of the
Princes of Schwarzburg runs thus, viz. Princes of Schwarzbnrg, of the
four Count% of the empire. Counts of Hohenßein, Lords ofArnßadt, Sonderfhaufen,
Leutenberg, Lohra, and Klettenberg. Their prefent coat of arms
is quarterly per pale four tranfverfe beams topaz and faphire, containing
for Schwarzburg a lion ; for Arnßadt an eagle diamond, in a field
topaz ; for Hohenßein checquee pearl and ruby j for Leute?iberg a lion
pafiant topaz : the middle fliield is pearl, a flag, ruby or diamond for
Lohra ; beneath it pearl, a pitch-fork, and curry-comb ruby, in token
of the office of mafter of the horfe. In the centre of the whole, on a particular
fliield, is the imperial fpread eagle, with the fcepter and monde,
and in a fmall fliell on its breaft is the imperial crown, denoting that, in
the fourteenth century, Günther Count of Schwarzburg was eleded King
of Germany.
§. 6. In the year 17 13, the two principal lines entered into a perpetual
compadl and union, by which the div'ifion of the princely houfe into two
0^2
capital

;
ii6
GERMANY. [Schwarzburg.
capital lines, 'viz. into that o( Sofi^^er/Jjaufen and RudoJßadt, was confirmed,
and liliewife for the infeparable jundlion of their lands and vaffals, the introduftion
of the right of primogeniturediip, and the accommodation of other
family concerns. Prince Chrifiian Willic.m of the S,ondcrJhaujen line, by his
will in 1 71 6, further confirmed in his line the right of primogeniturefliip.
The common records of thefe families are kept at Rudoißaät.
§,7. The reigning Princes of both lines were, in 1754, introduced to
fit and vote in the college of Princes. In the Diets of the circle of Upper-
Saxony they formerly fat next to the abbey of Walkenried ; but the electoral
and princely houfe of Saxony, in the conventions made with them in 1719
and 1731, promifed them their intereft for procuring to them in future
Diets, two places fuitable to their rank of Princes. To a Roman month,
their contingent is two hundred florins ; to the chamber at Wetzlar^
Schwnrzburg-So?tderßMufen pays fixty-eight rixdollars eighty-nine kruitzers,
and Schcarzburg-Riidoißadt fixty-nine rixdollars, nine kruitzers and a half.
§. 8. A long conteft had fubfifted between the houfe of Schwarzburg^
and the Eledtors and Dukes of Saxony, concerning the fovereignty of the
latter over the former; and in 1561 it broke out with remarkable violence;
but at length an accommodation was brought about, and confirmed by the
Emperor. The firft agreement between Schivarzhurg and Saxony was in
J699, and in 1702 fome claufes in it were fettled with greater clearnefs
and precifion, on which Schwarzburg paid the fum of 200,000 rixdollars:
but both thefe agreements coming to nought, a new convention was made
in 1719, to the following purpofe, viz. The houfe of Saxo?jy acknowledges
the princely dignity of the houfe of Schwarzbiirg, and the ancient county
of Schwarzburg, as a principality, will promote the admiffion of the
princely houfe into the college of Princes, in the Diet of the empire, and
likewife to a feat and voice in the Diet of the circle of Upper-Saxony :
it will
not oppole the houfe of Schwarzburg in its foUicitation at the imperial throne
for the inveftiture of the Imperial and Bohemian fiefs which belong to it
and in thefe fiefs, the houfe of Schwarzburg fliall, without any moleftation,
enjoy the entire fovereignty, with all appurtenances : further, the eledoral
houfe grants to the houfe of Schwarzburg, in all its lands, lordfliips, bailiwicks
and territories, particularly in the bailiwicks of Xf//;ra and Heeringen,
the Jiis-territerii, with all territorial and other rights and Regalia, tho' under
the conditions annexed ; that is to fay, thehouk of Schwarzburg (hzW, and
will, on receiving the inveftiture of the Saxon fiefs, perform by a proxy (who
is to be a nobleman) the duties which were cuflomary before the year 1 699 ;
that it Ihall every time, on proper notice from the eledoral houfe, fend
a reprefentative to the general Diets of Saxony ; but this without prejudice
to his immediate dignity, nor fhall any thing relatively to the taxes, or in
any other refpedt, be required of it, contrary to this agreement; that in
lieu

Schwarzburg.] GERMANY. 117
lieu of the former difputed contribution, it fliould annually pay the fum
of 7000 dollars, in wood and current money of the country, as a perpetual
and moveable preejlandum, the terms of payment to be the three Leipzig
fairs ; and of thefe the Sondershdußn line is to pay two thirds, or 4666 dollars,
fjxteen kruitzers, and that oi Rudoißadt ontih'nd or 2333, eight kruitzers ; of
which fums it is to require no abatement or intermiffion, unlefs on the account
of fome general calamity, a remiflion be granted to all the Saxon
territories : that church affairs were to remain upon the footing they were on
in 1624, and the fame they now are, and the Jus epißopale, as it is termed,
to continue in the houfe of Schwarzburg, but appeals in all caufes both
ecclefiaftical and civil, to be removed to the Elector of Saxo?iys provincial
court of regency ; furthermore, that in all civil and juridical cafes carried
on before the Schwarzburg courts, and without any appeal, a JimpUci citatione,
or ab executione (as in fuch cafes the appeals inltead of an effe5lum
fufpmjivum are to have only a devolutivum) the appeals made in fuch places as
are fiefs to Saxony, fhall be moved from the Schivarzburg tribunals to
thofe of Saxony ; but that the Schwarzburg colleges of regency only make
the reports, and to them likewife are to be returned the refcripts and decrees
of the Saxon courts ; with exception however to the circular bailiwick
of lennßeit, unlefs in cafes of appeals, wherein the eleäoral regency is in
no manner to encroach on that of Schwarzburg, nor enad any thing with
refpecfl to the Schwarzburg fubjeds. In feudal and all real cafes, the
Princes of Schwarzburg are to make their appearance, by proxy, before the
eleöoral regency at Drefden ; but in all other cafes and concerns the
electoral courts are not to alTume any jurifdidlion. The houfe of
Schwarzburg fhall, on a proper fummons and jundure, take the field
with its ufual force, but under no pretence Hiall any donative monies, or
any thing eife, be required of it, fub Jiomine furrogati. The electoral
houfe fhall never lay any claim to the mine-wo.-ks, or the falt-tax of Frankenhaufen,
but in the bailiwicks of Kelbra and Hceringen, the mine-rcgality
fhall continue in common to both houfes, &c. The houfe of Schwarzburg
has likewife, in 173 i, entered into the following agreement with the
houfe of Saxe-Weitnar, relative to the lordfhip oi Arnftadt, as being a fief
of the latter : 'uiz. Saxe-Weimar acknowledges the preient princely dignity
of the houfe of Schioarzhurg, and of its former county ; \\'-A\ in no manner
obflrud the inveftiture of the houfe of Schwarzburg in the Imperii! and
Bohemian fiefs, nor make any claufe to the fovereignty of them ; alio in
the town and bailiwick o\ Arnßadt, the bailiwick oi Kefernberg, ai,d the
town of Plauen, Saxe-JVcimar, without further cppofition, grants to the
houfe f:>i Schwarzburg, the fovereignty, with all its regalia and prerogatives,
though under the annexed conditions, retaining however to itfelf the Ibllowing
prerogatives, viz. The houfe of Schwarzburg fhsU, and will, every
time on its inveftiture of the fiefs in the territories oi Saxc-Weimar, cau!e
the

'
,i8 G E R M A N r. [Schwarzburg.
the homage to be performed by proxy, who fliall be a nobleman or coun-
Icilor of the firft rank ; hkewife on notice lend to the Diets of Saxony,
but this without any detriment to his immediacy and rank ; and concerning
the contributions, fubfidies, and free gifts, the ufual military fervice
excepted, nothing fliall be required of him contrary to this compadl and
cuftom. The houfe of Schwarzkirg promifes annually, at three terms, to
pay that of Weimar the fum of 3500 dollars of lawful current money, as
a perpetual prajlandum, never folliciting any intermiflion or deduäion
thereof, unlel's on fome general calamity, and on the grant of remiffion to
all the territories of Saxe-JVeimar. The houfe of Schwarzburg remains
in polTefl^on of the Jus epifcopale without oppohtion ; but appeals in ecclefiaftical
procefles are to be removed to the fuperior tribunal, or the upper confiftorv
at Weimar. In either cafes appeals iikewife lie from the Schivarzdurg
court of regency at Arjifiadt, to that at Weimar. In feudal and real
cafes the princes of Schvarzburg are to acknowledge the Forum before
the court of fiefs, or the regency at Weimar. Saxe-Weimar fliall never
lay any claim to the mines in the lordlhip of Arjifladt.
'§. 9. Each reigning Prince has an adlual privy council, inflituted principally
for the conduct of fuch fl:ate affairs as may occur. By the divifion
of the Schwarzburg lands between the two ruling lines, each of them is
to maintain two courts of regency ; that is to fay, the Prince of Schwarz-
burg-SondcrJlaufen, one at SonderßMuJen, the other at Arnßadt, and the
Prince of Schwarzburg-RudoIJiadt one at Rudoipadf, and another at Frankenhaufen.
Each too has its counfellors of law and regency, who are abfolutely
independent of each other, being fubordinate to its own Prince
alone ; but by agreement, appeals, though with fome limitations, are carried
from the Schwarzburg regencies at Sonderßjaufen and Frankcnhaufen^
to the Eleäor of Saxony\ regency at Drefden, and thofe from the regency
of Arnfladt to that of Saxe-Weimar. The confifliory here is compofed of
the fecretary of the regency, a prefident, the court and law counfellors,
with the fuperintendent and an ecclefiaflic, as alTcflbrs. The exchequer
has its own particular counfellors, who, by virtue of their jurifdidion, in
cafes relative to the revenue, are alfo court-counfellors, but do not fit in
the regency.
§. 10. Each Prince has Iikewife his colonel, his lieutenant-colonel, his
captain, and his lieutenants, for the management of military affairs. When
the empire is engaged in a war, the Schwarzburg houfe, together with
the Count of Reufen, furniflies a regiment of fix companies, to the amount
of 1000 men, of which four are to be Schwarzburghers.
§. II. The Schwarzburg territories, which I now come more particularly
to defcribe, confifl: of imperial and immediate fiefs of the empire.
Others are fubje

Schwarzburg.] GERMANY. 119
1. The territories of Schwarzburg-Sonderfcaufen, containing
I. The lordihip or bailiwick o{ Arnjiadt, belonging to the upper principality
o^ Schwarzburg, and being a ^Qioi Saxe-PVeimar. In this lorddiip is
Arnßadt on the Gera, which above this place divides itfelf, into two
branches. At the Langwitz gate is a handfome ftone-bridge of fix arches
over it. Of late the buildings in this town, both public and private, have
been greatly improved. Here is alfo an ancient refidentiary caftle with a
church, and near it a palace for the Princefs Dowager erefted in 1732,
three churches and a provincial fchool of eight clafies, a regency, a conliflory
and exchequer. The rents too of the bailiwicks q{ Arnßadt and
Kefernburg, with the incorporate bailiwick of Gleichen are collected
here. Arnfiadt formerly belonged to the Dukes of Saxo?2y. By the Emperor
Otho it was conferred on the abbey of Hersfeld, whofe patrons the
Counts of Kefernberg were poflelfed of a fhare in it, and likewife refided
here, but by marriage the fhare pafled to the Counts of Orlamunde and
Weimar, and from them in 1306 by fale to the Counts of Schwarzburg,
who in 1332 purchafing likewife the Hersfeld fliare, became fole Lords of
this town, which they have fince gradually inlarged. In the year 1581 a
great fire happened here, and in 1670 and 1693 two others of lefs confequence.
On the Gera are ere(5led fome brafs and iron works befides
feveral mills, and near the town is a houfe for the making of falt-petre.
Plauen, a fmall town fituated on the Gera, and formerly containing
falt-works. In the year 1324 this place was only a village, but even at
that time belonged to the Counts oi Schwarzburg. In 1640 it was fet on
fire by the Swedes. The toll here is an imperial fief.
Eight villages.
2. The bailiwick of Kefernburg, alfo lying in the upper principality. This
bailiwick is fo called from the old caftle of Kefernburg, Kafernburg or Kefernberg,
of which there are flill fome traces, and forms a part of the
ancient county of that name. Sizzo Count of Sclnvarzburg and Kefernberg
or Kefernburg held both counties, the former of which defcended
to his fon Henry, and the latter to another (on named Günther ; but Henrv
dying in 1484 without male iffue, Günther fucceeded likewife to the county
of Schwarzburg. Of his fons Henry the younger obtained the county of
Schwarzburg, and Günther the younger that of Kefernberg. Of the fons
of the latter Günther, the elder became Count of Kefernberg, and Albert
Count of Rabinfwatde ; Günther the elder and Günther the younger propagated
the family and name of the Counts oi Kefernberg, whilft the fons of
the fecond kept up the collateral line of Keferjiberg Rabhnwalde. At
length the Counts of i^t^/trw^cr^ failed in 1385, on which their county
efcheated to the Landgraves of Tburingia, as Lords of the fief. In 144^
Duke William of Saxony made over the caftle of Kefernburg, to Henry
Count oi Schwarzburg ioi the fum of 10,000 Rhenifo guldens, with power
of

120 GERMANY. [Schwarzburg.
of redemption, but in 1467 invefled him with it as an hereditary fief,
fincc which time it has continued in the Schwarzburg family, which holds
the bailiwick of Kefernburg as a fief of Saxe-Weimar. In this bailiwick
are fixteen villages, and here likewife lies that tradt of land called Langeivitz.
Below the ruins of Kefernburg caftle ftands
Augiijlenburg, a fine palace begun in 1700 by Augiißa Dorothea Princefs
Dowager of Arnßadt^ Dutchefs by birth of Brunßüick Wclfenbuttel, and
who likewife added a moft beautiful garden to it. Clofe by this palace is a
fmall village named Obcrndorf, with a farm and {heep-walk Hill called
Kefernburg. In the village of Dorotheenthal is made a new kind of earthen
ware refembling Delft.
Obf. GeJchwtiiJe, a nobleman's eftate with a village and court belonging
to it, is a fief of Hejfe-Caßel on account of Hersfeld.
3. The bailiwick of Gehren, likewife fituated in the upper principality
near the foreft ot T^bitriv.gia. In this bailiwick are feveral iron works and
fawing mills. Refm is found in the fir-pits here, together with pitch and
foot. The greateft part of it is an imperial fief, containing
Gehren, a market-town, with a palace belonging to the Prince. In
this town alfo is the bailiwick-office and an ecclefiafi:ical infpedtion. In
1749 Gehren fufi"ered greatly by fire.
Langewiefen, a large market-town fituated on the Ilm, among fine
meadow grounds belonging to it. In this town are about two hundred
houfes, and two churches. In the year 1408, 1675, 1681 and 1700 great
fires happened here. Langewiefen is a fief of Mentz.
Breitenbach, a large market-town feated on a fmall river, in a pleafant
fituation among woods, fields, hills and vf.liies. In this town is a palace
belonging to the Prince, with near four hundred houfes and two churches.
Not far from it, alfo on the river Breitenbach, is a threefold mine yielding,
fuiphur, alum and vitriol.
Eleven villages.
At Golitzfcbthal on the Reheberge, near the Schwarze, and beyond the
Maffa are fine mine-v/orks, with a ftampingand fawing mill, as alfo a goldwafli
and a flraining houfe. The lode is gold and filver ore.
4. The lower diftriifl of Gleichen, which confifts of the following
villages of the louder county of Gleichen, belonging to the Princes of
Schwarzburg-Sonderß.mufen under Saxe-Gotha, namely
Sulzenbruck, Ingerßebcn and Guntherßeben, with a feat and fifteen or
fixteen houfes at Stetten on the Gera. This bailiwick is under the Gleichen
court at Arnßadt. -t
5. The bailiwick of Keula in the lower principality, which in 1421
was ceded to the archbifliop of Mentz as a fief, and contains
Keula, ^ bailiwick town, confifting of about three hundred houfeSj with
a feat and farm belonging to the
Prince,
3 At

Schwarzburg.] GERMANY. t2i
At this place begins a forcft, which inftcad of its proper name Haytileede'
is commonly called Hainleute or Hagclcitc. This foreft extends for three
German miles to Sonderjhatifcn and three fartherto Sachfcnburg,ht\üg in reality
a part of the foreft of Harz, though now feparated by a confiderable intermediate
fpace, which has been feized and converted into arable land.
Eight villages, together with an eftate of the Prince and the iheep-v/alk
of Briickendorf. Hol-Thalkben contains above three hundred hoiiles and
Greaf-Briichtern above one hundred.
6. The bailiwick of Scherejiberg, lies alfo in the lower principality, aticl
therein in the Hainleute. In this baiiivvitk is
Scherenbe7-g, an open town, dealing largely in hogs.
Abts-Befzingen, a village and fief of Fulda : with
Three other villages.
7. The town and bailiwick of Sonderßjaufen, fituated in the lower
principality, and containing
SonderßMufen, a town feated on the Wipper, which at this place is
joined by the Beber. On an eminence without the town, flands the
palace, where the ruling Prince of the Sonderß^aufen line uiual rendes.
The front of this palace is new, and belides many other fine apartments,
which are fplendidly furniflied, in it is a mofl: fuperb faloon called the
Riefenfaal or Giants-ball. The garden here is likewife laid out in the moll
beautiful manner. In the armoury ilands an image of Pnßricb one of
the Wendipj idols. It is a caft black fliining metal and hollow on the
infide. The body of it is every where large, and towards the belly one eil
and a fourth round, and capable of containing above a common pail of
water. Its head is alfo of a difproportionate bignefs, with a round hole
inftead of the mouth, and another on the crown. The right hand refls on
the head, and the left in his lap, but the middle of the left arm is broken
.off. The legs alfo are mutilated, and the right bent. Sonderß?aufen is
the feat of the regency, the confiftory, a bailiwick and territorial court of
juftice. It formerly belonged to barons, who were ftiled Lords of Sonder^
ßjaufen. In the thirteen century the Counts of Schvarzburgand Hohn/lein
came to an open rupture, about the lordfliip oi Sonderß^aiijen in confequence
whereof the former in 1248, made themfelves maflers of it, and
facked the town. In 1347 the Counts Henry and Günther oi Schwarzburg
obtained from their father-in-law, Hetiry Count of Hobnflein, the reverfion
both of the town and lordfliip, which was confirmed to them by
Frederick landgrave of Thuringia, and the Emperor Charles IV". Accordingly
on his demife in 1356, they fucceeded hin? in the a-^ual poiletrioii
thereof. Sotiderßiaufen has fuffered very confiderably by fire, particularly in
the years 1482, 1639, 1640, 1657.
The bailiwick and court extend over twelve villages, of which five are
fiefs of Saxony,
Vol. VI. R The

J 22 GERMANY. [Schwarzburg.
The ancient caftle of Jechaburg flood on the Frauenberge, not far from
the village of Jcche, and was the refidence of King Lewis II. In the
year it
933 was taken by the Humis, but the latter were afterwards defeated
in the valley, which, from the flaughtcr of them there, v;as named
the Ilunnenthai Near the caftle the before mentioned King Lenjüis built a
church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and at Frauenberge the Emperor
Otho I. founded that of St. Feter, which had originally a chapter.
Obf. On a circular hill at the flcirts of the Hayrüeede, not far from Sondcrf:cnifcn
flood Spatenherg caftle, eredled by the Emperor Henry IV. but
which afterwards defcended to the Counts of Anhalt, from them to the
iZoM\\X.% oi liohnfiein, and laflly, in 1356, to the Counts oi Sclnvarzburg.
8. The bailiwick of Klingen in the lower principality, being a fief of
Sn>:cv)\
and containing
Kliniken, a market-town and caflle, feated on the Helbe, and ereöed into
a town in 1282, but which in 13 13, obtained its charter.
Twelve villages, among which that of Almcnhaujen with its feat, is
a fief
9.
of Fulda.
Greuß'en, a town fituated in a fertile country in the lower principality
on the river Hclbe, and belonging to no bailiwick. Since the great fire of
1687, the houfes here have been rebuilt on a regular plan. In ancient
records this town is called Markt-Greujfen, by way of diftindtion from
WeJl-GreulTen. In 1260 it devolved to the Counts of Hobnßein^ and afterwards
to the Counts of Schcarzburg, as abfolute property.
10. The prefedturate of Hafzeleben in the lower principality, likewife
annexed to no bailiwick but being a fief of Tonnen.
Hafzeleben, is a market-town, with a houfe in it, belonging to the Prince.
1 1. Fbeleben in the lower principality, a fief of Saxony, and containing
Fbcleben, a market-town fituated on the Hclbe, with a feat and farm beiono-ing
to the Prince, and a fchool in it formerly of great reputation. The
ecclefiaflical infpeftion here extends over four parifhes, and is immediately
lubjedt to the ecclefiaflical council of Dre/den. Ebclebcn formerly belonged
to the Schlotbcim family, but being forfeited by rebellion, was conferred
on the Counts of Schioarzburg.
Four villages.
12. Ehrich or Great-Ehrich, a fmall town fituated in the lower principality
on the fiver Ht/w, and belonging to no bailiwick. In the fixteenth century
this place fuffered frequently by fire. Here were alfo formerly two caftles,
called the Old and New Burg. Thefe caflles belong to the county and
caftle of Kirchberg.
17. The bailiwick of Bedungen, which conftitutes a part of the
county of Hohnßcin, as fliall be treated of at large under the defcription
of that county.
II. The principality of Schivarzburg-Rudolfladt, containing
I. The

Schwarzburg.] GERMANY. 123
i.Thth7yi\m\ck oi Rudoljhdt in the upper principality, which in 1361
was ceded as a fief to the crown of Bohemia, fince which it has remained
(uch. In this baihwick is
Rudoljladt or Rudeljiadt, a town feated on the Saale, with a caftle near
it, {landing on an eminence, in which the Princes of Schwarzlmrg- Rudol-
Jladt ufually refide. In the year 1573 and 1735, this caflle was deftroyed
by fire, but has fince been rebuilt. Here likewife are held the regency,
confiftory and exchequer courts. In the town church is to be fecn the burial
places of the Princes. The Latin fchool has lately been improved. Here
is alfo a fuperintendency, a feminary of divines founded in 1749 by Prince
"John Frederick, and in honour of him called Fredcricianum, with a farm
of confiderable produce.
Teichel, a fmall town confining of about fifty houfes, and fituated in a
pleafint vale, environed by high mountains. In this town alfo is a farm
belonging to the Prince.
Nine villages, of which two only are Bohemian fiefs, and a farm.
2. The bailiwick of Blankenburg, alfo lying in the upper principality,
and being an imperial fief, which is incorporated in fuch a manner with
the bailiwick of Riuhlßadt, that both are under the fame fteward. To
this bailiwick belongs
Blankenbvj'g or Blakenberg, a fmall town fituated on the Rinne, which
at the paper mills below this place falls into the Schicarza. The cafile here
which was formerly the refidence of the Counts of Schivarzbzirg is now in
a ruinous condition.
The caftle of Greiffenßein likewife at a little diflance from the town,
lies
entirely in ruins.
Twenty villages, among thefe ^ittehdorf {qxvc\qx\^ yielded cobalt, of which
a mofi- beautiful blue is made, and the trenches ftill afix^rd a fine copper ore.
3. The bailiwick of Sch-isarzburg, in the upper principality. This
bailiwick is an imperial fief, and comprehends under it
Schwarzbiirg, a feat on a rock near the Schivarza, and which originally
gave name to the Princes oi Schwarzbiirg.
At this place is a houfe of correction
of remarkable ilrength. In the neighbourhood are mine-works of
filver and copper.
Kcnigfee, a fmall town of about three hundred houfes, lying on the
Rinm., about one German mile from the feat of Scbivarzbwg. In the
year 1446 this town was taken, pillaged and fet on fire by William Duke
oi Saxony. Likewife in 1635 and 17 17, the greateft part of it was again
deftroyed by fire.
Thirty-four villages, with a great number of iron-works and mills,
formerly noble manors.
Under-Coditz and Frcbitz,
as alfo
4. The diftrid of Paulinzelle, in the upper principality, always held by
the fenior of the princely houfe, as a fief of Gotha, and formed out of
R 2
Faulinzelk

124 GERMANY. [Schwarzburg.
Paulinzelle or cella paulitm,
wliich was once a convent oi BcncdiBine Monks.
The bailiwick houie here hes at the convent which is now in ruins ; ai>d
to the bailiwick itfclf belong nine places ; befides which it receives an
hereditary acknowledgement from thirty-nine more.
5. The bailiwick ol' Konitz, likewile fituated in the upper principality,
but on the other fide the Saale, has been a fief of Bohemia ever fince the
vcar 1361, when it was ceded to that crov^n. In this bailiwick is
Konitz, a feat and village, containing fomc mines of filver and copper.
The villages of Buche and Prefzivitz, with five vaflals at LauJzJiitz, and
LJ'th-Gefchicende a noble manor.
6. The bailiwick oi Leutenberg, alfo lying in the upper principality, but
in a great nieafure fepaiated from it, by the Saalfeld fhare of the principalitv
oi Alteuburg. This bailiwick was formerly a particular lordfliip which
eliJheated to the Counts of Sclnvarzburg. In it is
Lciitejibcrg or rather Leitenbcrg, fo called as being fituated among Bergs
or hills, bv no Icfs than eleven of which it is furrounded. It is but a fmall town
ofabout one hundred hc-ufes, and lies on the river Scrbitz. The feat here
about two hundred years ago, was the refidence of an appenaged line of
the houfe of Schiaarzburg, and at prefent is the ufual manfion of the
PrincclTes Douager of Schivarzburg-Rudoljladt. It was formerly called
Friedeburg. Here is alfo an adjunft of the fuperintendency at Riidolßadt.
Near it are fome mine-works of filver and copper, with fmelting houfes
and a copper-mill.
Twenty nine villages.
7. The bailiwick oiEhernßcifi, alfo lying in the upper principality, is an
hnperial fief, and a lordfiiip of great antiquity. In this bailiwick is
Ehreujiein, an old fortified callle, feated on an eminence, betivixS
Remda and Ilm : but the bailiwick houfe being at leichmanmdorf, this
ciftle is generally called Ehrenßein. In the villages of Great and Little-
Liebringen lie two feudal eftates, and at Oeßerrode is a very confiderabBe
farm belonging to the Prince. To this baihwick further belong two
villages,
Obf. In this country are alfo the following villages, viz. Griefzheim onthe
llm, JVildenfpring, Dornjeld on the Heath, Angelroda, Lichjiadt and Great
and Littk-Kochberg, all belonging to nobles and under the jurifdidion of
their proprietors. It is to be further obferved that Donijeld on the llm, is a
demefne of Rudolßadt.
8. The bailiwick of Ilm, like^vife fituated in the upper principality, and
held by the fenior of the princely houfe as a fief of Gotha. In it is
Ilm, a fmall town lying on the river Ilm, with a feat, on the fite of
which formerly flood a nunnery.
The village of Vpper-Ilm and five others.
9. The prefeduratc of Seebergen, the ieat of which lies in the village
5 of

Schwarzburg.] GERMANY. 125
of that name, towards Gotha. At this place are fine quarries, Sce-Bergen
came to the houfe of Schwarzburg partly by grant and partly by purcliafe.
10, The town and bailiwick of Frankenhaufen in the lower principality,
being a fief of Saxony.
Frankenhaufen, is feated on a branch of the Wipper, which paffes through
the town, in a fine fertile country on the fide of a mountain, which forms
a part of the Harz, and to the north fcparates its diftricft from the golden
vale. To the Eaß likewife it borders on part of the Hainleite, and weftward
on the mountains of Finn, whence on all fides, it is environed with woods
and mountains. In this town is a regency with a feat of the Prince's and
a chapel in it,
as alfo two churches exclufive of two more lying without the
gates, at the church-yard and hofpital. The fchool here is a remnant of
a Cijlercian nunnery. The fait works are fome of the molt ancient and
famous in all Germany, and fo confiderable that the town owes its profperity
wholy to them. They belong as an hereditary property to the burghery,
who for every five quarters of a bufhel of fait pay to the Prince a duty of two
grofchen. In the Oherjladt under the old Altenburg ftands a fort which
was originally built for the protedlion of thefe falt-works. The number
of falt-houfes computed here is one hundred and feventeen, though
only betwixt thirty and_ forty have adually been built, in which fait is
made. For the others a confideration is paid. The alloy of the fait which
is drawn up in leather buckets, by means of large wheels driven by the
Wipper, is from ten to eleven. The town anciently belonged to the Counts
of Beichlingen, one of whom in 1340 fold it to his uncle, the Count of
Schwarzburg. On a mount near this place in 1525, a body of 8000
rebel peafants were defeated, which from the adlion has retained the name
of the Schlachtberge or Battle-hill. In 1689 the greatefi: part of the town
was deftroyed by fire.
2. To the bailiwick befides the Altfladt of Frankenhaufen, which confifting
but of fifty mean dwelling houfes, is for that reafon reckoned only a
village, belong feven other confiderable villages. Among them are GcVtingen
or Gollingen and Rottleben, in the latter of which the proprietor has a criminal
court. Not far from Frankenhalfen ftands Rathifeld, a feat of the Prince's
fituated in a delightful wood.
Obf. The villages of Ichßcdt and Borxlebcn, in which courts nlfo are heldj
belong one half of them to the Prince of Schwarzburg Rudolßadt, and the
other half to the family of Ebra.
1 1. The bailiwick of -^r«i/^?/r^, likewife fituated in the lower principality,
and being a fief of Saxony. This bailiwick is united with the
preceding one. In it is
Arnsburg, a caftle feated among mountains and gready decayed,
though once the refidence of the Lords of Arnsburg, who feem to have
failed in the fourteenth centurv, at which time it defcended to the Counts
of

126 GERMANY. [Schwarzburg.
oiHohnßein, and from them to the Counts of Beicblingen, but laftly to the
lioufe of Schwnrsibwg ; who were proprietors of it fo early as the year 14 17.
To the bailiwick further
belong the villages of Sfcga and Gunzerode.
12. The bailiwick oi StraKJzbcrg, fituated in the lower principality, and
being a fief of Maitz. The caftle of Straujzbcrg, now lying in ruins,
feems to have firll belonged to the Counts of Kirchbcrg, by whom it was
mortgaged to the opulent family of Kammerer, who, according to their
different place of refidence, filled themfelves Garnerarii de Muhlhufen, de
Almazhujen^ and de Strusbcrg, as alfo Domini m Striisberg ; and even in
the thirteenth century, were poffeffed of the caftle of iS/r^r^/zi^f/-^. At the
beginning of the fourteenth century, the Counts of Holm/lein had it in their
hands, but on the deceafe of Henry III. Count of Hohnflein, in 1356, ic
cfcheated, together with its lordlhip, to the houfe oi Schwarzburg, who,
in 1 42 1, ceded it as a fief to the archbidiop oi Me?itz. At this caftle is a
Prince's farm ; the bailiwick here likewife includes the villages oi Wolkramfhaufen
and Immenrode, together with thofe o^JVangen and Kirchberg, which
are defiroyed. On a mountain about two hundred paces from the latter
ftood the caftle of Kirchberg ; and, about two musket-fliot from this, betwixt
the prodigious valley, as it is called, and the Kirch vale, that of Altenburg
; but both thefe caftles have long fince lain in ruins. The former
of them, and probably alfo the latter, was the refidence of the Counts of
Kirchberg. Kirchberg, fince the year 1259, belonged to the Counts of
Schwarzbiirg ; for it appears that Sophia, widow of Henry, at that time
Count of Schwarzbtirg, bequeathed to her brother, Hejiry Count of Hohnßein,
the caftle of Kirchbcrg, with the Ehrichburg, and all other its appurtenances.
Thefe caftles very probably had been a part of her portion.
13. The bailiwick of i^tvr/;7|-f;?, fituated in the lower principality, and
mihe golden plain, is a fief of 5'^.vij;;_y, and jointly poffefled by the Princes
o( Schwarzbiirg and the Counts of Stollberg. It came from the Counts of
Beichlingen to the Counts of Hohnßein, and from the latter one half of it,
in 1412, devolved to the Counts of Stollberg, and in 1420 the other half
was fold to the Counts of Schwarzburg. To it belongs
Heeringen, a town, feated on the river Helm, and having a caftle, ereded
by the Counts of Hohnßein in the year 1327: together with
The parilhes of Aulcben, Bulen, Leimbach, Gerfzbach, Steeinbrucken,
Sundhaufen, Vthleben, and Wendelehen.
14. The bailiwick of Kalbra, alfo lying in fSxG. golden-plain, and being a
fief of Saxony. This bailiwick likewife belongs jointly to the Princes of
Schwarzhurg and the Counts of Stollberg. To it is annexed
Kalbra or Kelbra, a town, feated on the river Helm, and containing an
ecclefiaftical infpedlion ; together with
The pariftaes of Berga, Sittendcrf, Tilleda, and Thuringia. At the village
of 'Tilleda, in the time of the Saxon Emperors, ftood an imperial
palace. In ancient records it is called Dullede and DuUethe.
Obf.

Mansfeld.] GERMANY. 127
Obf. Southward, beyond ivW/^r^, lie the remains of the caftle of i?^/^';/-
l)urg, from whence the eye has a profpedl of the foreft of Harz, and the
whole golden plaifi, from Nordhaiijhi quite to Sangcrhaujen. The Counts
who received their name from it, and in all appearance are of the fame
defcent with the Counts of Beicblingen, refided at this caftle fo early as the
year 1103, and probably built it in the eleventh -century. The UH Count
of Rotenburg was named Frederick, and died in the beginning of the thirteenth
century. On his death, the caftle, together with its lordlhip, defcended
to his relations the Counts of Beichlingen, of whom a particular
branch refided here, till it failed in the perfon of Count Gerhard III. This
Count fold the caftle, together with the remainder of the lordlhip, to the
Counts oi Schiaarzburg, who were in pofleflion of it in 1378, and in 1405
mortgaged it to the family oi Taicberode ; but in 1434 inverted them with
it, under certain reftriclions. On their extinction, it re-efcheated to the
houfe of Sclnoarzbiirg, as a vacant fief. That the idol Fujlrich was worfhipped
at Rotenburg, is by no means probable ; this caftle having been
originally built, and conftantly inhabited by Chrijlian counts.
About one hour's diftance from Rotenburg, and beyond the village
of Tilleda, ftands likewife the ruined caftle of Kyffljaufen, which was
once an imperial palace. Its name implies a houfe built for conteft and
war, or, a houfe which has occafioned much conteft and war. The moft
ancient account now extant concerning it is, that it was taken in 1069 or
1070. Frederick IV. Count of Beichlingen-Rotenburg, was, by the Emperor
Rodolphus, appointed for its burggrave or caftellan, and his defcendants
obtained the property of it. In 1378 the Counts of Schxvarzburg appear
to have been proprietors of the caftle
of Rotenburg.
15. The market towns of Schlotheim, vinh the villages of Mohrßadt and
Marolterode, and all jnrifdidlion, belong to the family of Hopjgarten, who
hold it as a fief of the Princes of Schwarz-burg-Rudolßadt, as thefe laft do
of the houfe of Saxony.
The County f?/" M a n s f e L d.
§. I. 'T"^ H E firft map of the county of Mansfeld was that of Stella, en-
-* graved by Hogenberg, and republiflied by Blaeuw, JanJ/on, and
Waesberge. In 1750 H(jmann\ heirs put forth a nev/ map, the author of
which is not named, but in 1751 it was greatly improved by the reverend
Mr. Biring. In the Atlas of Germany this map conftitutes the fixty-third.
§. 2. The county borders on the Saxon bailiwicks of SangerßMiiJen, Sittichenbach,
and S^ierfurt, the diocefe of Merßburg, the dutchy of Magdeburg,
the principalities of Anhalt and Halberßadt, and the county of Stolfberg.
Its greateft length is feven, and its greateft breadth four German miles.
§.3. It

128 GERMANY, [Mansfeld.
§. 3. It Is In general very mountainous, but affords good corn land and
pafturage, together with large woods of great profit, vineyards, chafes and
fiflierieSj as alfo a falt-work and mine, which is divided into three departments,
and yields a flate, from which copper is extracfted, A quintal of
the beft flate, at moft, and that too but very feldom, contains five pounds of
fine eilayed copper : a quintal of the worft yields only two pounds ; but
both forts are mixed together in the procefs of fmelting. It is apprehended
however that there will be a want of charcoal for the carrying on of this
work. Formerly the copper extracted from the flate dug here amounted
to 18 or 20,000 quintals, each of which yielded from ten to twelve ounces
of filver. Of this filver, in the beginning of the fifteenth century, a great
number of dollars were coined; but at prefent the total weight of the copper
hardly amounts to 1500 quintals. This flate is remarkable for imprefllons
of all kinds of animals, efpecially of fiflies. In this county likewife
are two confiderable lakes, fl:anding near each other, and even communicating,
but of a very different nature. The water of one of them,
and that the largeft, being quite fait; while the water in the other is
perfedlly frefli and fweet. They both abound in fifli and crevIflTes, infomuch
that the villages along their banks fubfift by fifhing. They afford
alfo an inexhaufl:ible number of wild ducks, geefe, fnipes, and other waterfowl,
fome of which are fliot, and others taken by a net. The Saale is
the northern boundery of this country, where it receives the Salze., which
iifues from the abovemcntioned faline lake, together with the Scblenze,
and feveral fmaller flreams. The Wipper comes laft from the county of
Stollberg, and having traverfed a part of the county of Mansfeld, is increafed
by feveral rivulets, after which it paffes into the principality of Anhalt.
The Eine rifes in the bailiwick of Rammelburg, and below Afcherßeben runs
into the Wipper. The Woyta or IVeita has its fource in the bailiwick of
^erfurt, belonging to Saxony, and difcharges itfelf in the fait lake.
§. 4. The number of towns in the whole country amounts to feven, or the
old and new town oi Efzieben, being reckoned for two, may be confidered
as eight. The prevailing religion here is Lutheranifm, the introdudlion
of which into this country was zealoufly promoted by Albert VII. Count
of Mansfeld. It contains fixty-fix parochial-villages, the clergy belonging
to which are divided into eight deanries, excepting that thofe belonging to
the parifhes of the Arnßeiti bailiwicks, are, in church affairs, confidered
as detached from the county, and therefore are under the ecclefiaflical
infpeftion and confiftory of Leipzig. The fupreme adminiflration of thefe
eight deanries and the parirties belonging to them is lodged in the general
fuperintendent of the county.
§. 5. The Counts oi Mansfeld are defcended from the Lords oi ^lerfurt.
The ancient male line of Mansfeld began in Count Hoier I. who, in 1 1 1 c,
fell in the great battle fought near fVelfeßolze, in this county, betwixt King
Henry

Mansfdd.j GERMANY. 129
Henry V. and the S^xojis, to the difadvantage of the former. Vlrich J. and
Burkhard \. grandfons to his fon Hoier l\. in 1220, divided the county
betwixt them. The progeny of the former became extindl in the
fourteenth century, and the latter left no fons ; but, in 1219, a httle before
his death, liis fecond daughter Sophia was married to Burkhard VI.
Lord of %^fr///r/, Count of Mcz/zj/eA/ and Hardeck, and Burgrave of M?^deburg,
from whom defcendcd the prefent hneage of the Counts oi Man'-
fcld, and who arc the fird: branches of this new Item. His fon Burkhard
(VIII.) II. was the firft of the ^erfurt hne who was by birth Count
o'i Mamjeld. His eldeft fon i^/^r/i/wr^ (X.) III. in the partition, obtained
only the county of Mansfeld, and his brothers the lordlhip o{ ^crfurt. He
inlarged the county, however, by the purchafe of the lordfliip of Sccburg,
in 1287; and in 1301, added to it Bornjledt, which Herrnuvm IL grandfon
to the abovementioned Count Ulrich I. had dellroyed. His fon Burkhard
(XI.) IV. purchafed Hcdcrßehen for himfelf and his heirs ; and his
fon GebhardW. purchafed the feat and diftridt of 6V/'/vi'/'/^«, with the village
of Albcrjlcdt. From Bujfo IV. fon to the latter, defcended Günther II.
who fold tiatzgcrode, but Hetiry Count of Hohnflein having, in 1401,
mortgaged to him the caftle of Mortmgen, in 1408, he made an abfolute
purchafe of it. His brother Vollrath II. likewife added, by purchafe, to the
county, Hettßadt and Wippra. Gebhard V. fon to Günther II. redeemed
the burg of Arnflein, which had been mortgaged ; and his fon Gebhard VL
added to the county the lordlhips of Frideburg and Heldrungcn^ which he
purchafed, but left no heirs. Albert IV. brother to the before mentioned
Counts, Giinther II. and Vollrath II. had, for his fon, Günther III. who,
jointly with his coufm Vollrath IL made a purchafe of IV/ppra, and inlarged
the county with the lordflfip of Arfcrn. On his deceafe, in 1475,
his fons founded two capital lines, which received their names from the
partition o^ Mansjeld c:i{i\c ; that is to fay, Albert V. the title of the Vorder-
Ort line, and Erne/i I. that of Hinder-Ort.
Thus the founder of the Vorder-Ort line is Count Albert V. whole fon
Erneji II. had, by two wives, tv/enty-two children, of whom the founders
of particular collateral lines, were the following, viz. Philip II. founder of
the Bornßedt line, of which, more in the fequel ; John George, founder of
that of Eijleben, which, in 1710, failed in the perfon oi John George [il
-,
Peter Ernefl I. founder of that of Friedeburg, or the Niederland, which
became extincS in his children ; John Albert, founder of that o^ Am/rein,
which likewife ended in his children ; JohnHuer IL founder ofthat (^^ Artern,
which aUb failed in his iliue ; and John F.nuji, of that of Ihidningen,
which, like the two former, came to a period in the firit generation.
To return to the Bornfledt line, it was continued bv Bruno II.. fon
to the abovementioned Philip II. and by his fon Bruno HI. Among -Cat
fons of the latter, Vrancii Maxinnllian and Flenry Francis j are more parti-
Vol. VL S cularly 'J

130 GERMANY. [Mansfcld.
cularly to be noticed : the latter, in 1690, obtained from Charles II, King
of Spain, the principality of Fovdi, in the kingdom of Naples ; and, in the
fame year, was created a Prince of the empire, which dignity was confirmed
to him in 1696, and again alfo in 1709, and in 171 1 pubiickly
notified. This Prince left only two daughters. In 1716, Charles Francis
Adam Anthony, fon to Francis Maximilian, and Prince of Fo?idi and
Mansfeld, eftccfted a repeal of the fequeftration of part of the county
oi Mansfeid, which was under the fovercignty of Magdeburg. In his fon
Prince Henry Francis II. is continued the ftem of the Vorder-Ort principal
line.
The Hinder-Or( chief line became divided in the perfons o^ GcbhardYW.
and Albert VII. fons to its founder Ernejl I. into the Middk-Ort line, and
that oi Hinder-0/t. Chrijhpher l\. fon to the former refiding at Schraplau,
the Middle-Ort line, which was continued only in him, from thence
obtained tr.e name of the Schraplau line, but f;iiled in his children. Johnl.
fon to Albert VII. and his fon Frederick Chrijhpher, propagated the
Hi?2der-0rt line, which came to a period in Chrijlian Frederick, fon to the
latter, whe died in 1666.
§. 6. The county of Mansfeld is partly a fief of Saxony and Magdeburg.
Before the year
1573, the Eledlors oi' Saxony invefled the Counts, only with
fuch places as had been purchafed of them, namely with Heldrungen, Am-
Jiein, Moru/igen, Lcinungen, and their appurtenances. The mine-works here,
as appears from the imperial patents of 1215, 1323, 1364,- I4i6and 1444,
were at firft an immediate imperial fief; but in 1484, the Elecflor Frnejl,
and Duke Albert of Saxofiy, brought the Counts of Mansfeld to an acknowledgment,
that they received the county of them as a fief, to which, in
the enfuing year, the Emperor Fredericklll. gave his confent. In 1573 the
Elector Augu/lus, by virtue of an exchange agreed upon with the chapter
of Halberßadt, acquired the property of the Halberjiadt fiefs, within the
county oi' Mansfeld, making over in lieu of them, the lordtliip oi Lora,
with the towns of Elrich and Bleicherode. The other parts of the county
were held as fiefs from the archbifliopric of Magdeburg ; but of thefe likev/ife
the Eleöor of Saxony obtained a parr, by the compact of exchange
made at EiJJebcn in 1579. Since that time, the Saxon fiefs have conflituted
about three fifths, and thofe of Magdeburg or Brandenburg, two
fifths of the county, which is entirely fubjedt to the fovereignty of the Lords
Faramotmt. In 1570 the Counts of Mrz/7i/t'Ay of the ^«//Y/fr-Or/ chief line
confented that, for the difcharge of their debts, the Lords, of the fief and the
territorial Princes fliould feqneftrate their eflates and bailiwicks, on which
each, as adminiftrators of the faid fequeftration, aflumed the efiates, with
their fovereignty, with equal rights and jurifdiiflion. Thefe fequeftrated bailiwicks
and ellates of the Vorder-Ort line made three fifths of the whole
county, out of which three-fourths were under Saxony, and one fubjeft to
Magdeburg.

Mansfeld.]
GERMANY,
Magdeburg. But, on the fucceffive extindlion of the Middle and Hinder-
Ort lines, the Lords of the fief and territorial Princes fcqueflrated, alfo the
two-fifths of the county, of which they had been proprietors. As for that
part of the county under the fovereignty oi Magdeburg or Brandenburg, the
fequeftration thereof was taken off in 1716, but the part within the fovereignty
of Saxony ftill
continues fequeftrated.
§. 7. The title of the Prince of Mansfeld is, Prince of the Holy Romafi
Empire, Mansfeld, and Fondi, Noble Lord of Heldrungen, Seehurg, and
S>chraplau, Lord of the lordfliipj of Dobrzifch, Neuhaus and Arnjlein. The
arms for ^erfurt are pearl, party per feflb ruby; for Mansjeld, fix
lozenges, difpofed in two rows ruby j for Arnjlein, diamond, an eagl^
difplayed, with the bill, legs and claws topaz ; and for Heldrungen, faphire,
a hon rampant topaz, with a crown of the fame, a tongue exerted»ruby,
and a revcrfed tail, ruby and pearl checquee in a bend.
§. 8. I do not find that t!ie Princes oi Mansjeld are at prefent entitled to
any feat and voice at the Diet of the empire, thowgh formerly they
were fummoned, and fent their reprefentatives ; as is evident, in as much
as their fignature cccnrs among others in the decree of the Diet at Ratifbon,
concluded in 1654. They are alfo regiftered in the matricula of
the empire, in which we find the county of Manfcld is afi^i;fled to a
Roman month, in ten horfemen and forty-five foot, or three hundred
florins, of which fum the faid Counts, now fliled Princes, are to pay
one hundred and twenty. Saxony one hundred and thirty-five, and Mag~
deburg forty-five. To the chamber at Wetzlar the Elector of Saxony
is charged for Mansfld at one hundred and twenty-five rixdollars, fortyeight
kruitzers, and Magdeburg eightv-three rixdollars fixty-two kruitzers.
The feat and vote of the Princes of Mansjeld in the circle of Upper-Saxcny
iliall be taken notice of in the liquel.
Of the part under the Sovereignty of ^S* A
ill
particular.
X NT
I^I
This part,
as we have mentioned. above in Se£lion fixth, conflitutes about
three-fourths of the whole county; the woods in it are faid to take up
40,000 acres, and thus are tliree times as larre as thofe- in the Ma-rdeburv
part. The Elcdtor of Saxony Is Inverted with full foverelgnty over the part
of which he Is Lord Paramount, and jointly with the Princes of Mansfeld exevcifes
\.\\Q jus primed in/lantia, or concurrcntisjiirijdiSlionis.
In refpecfl of cliurcli
affairs, the Eledlor of Saxony has granted fome prerogatives to the Counts,
referving to himfelf the fupreme controll and adminifiratlon. For the
'jfus colleclandi, a manufcript in my hands fiys, that it Is vefled in the
Eleiflor of Saxony, who, however, does not impofe on the fubjefls any,
extraordinary contributions or other taxes, nor even the quartering offui-
S 2 dicrs

132 GERMANY. [Mansfeld.
dlcrs, Yo that tJiey pay only the aficflments to the Roman months and chamber
of Wctxlar, together with tlie excife on hquors, and the tax on lands
and hovifes, of" which indeed the Eledior of Saxony, purfuant to an agreement
made with the Counts on the fiift of September 1570, is to levy
one lialf, together with other incomes arifing from certain eftatcs ; hut the
Fleäior?, by a compaftfincc made, have transferred them to the Counts. At
prek-nt liowever they levy, the excife upon liquors for their own ufes
alone ; and the produce of this excife \% very confiderable. That the Saxon
part of this county, even exclufivc of the mines, yields a much larger
revenue than that of Magdeburg, may he eafily conceived. At Eifzleben
is a fupervifür's ollice belonging to the Eleoor, conhfting of a fupervifor, a
foreüer, and a receiver of the fequeflration, with a clerk. The bailiwicks
of this pait are mod of them, by diffbient ways, become the property
of noblemen, as will appear from the following account.
I. The bailiwick of Eifzleben, under which is
Eifzleben^ the capital of the county oi Mansfeld. In this town are kept
the fupervifor's office for Saxofiy, together with a mine office, the county
tonliftory, and the general fuperintendcncy ; it confifts of two parts. In
the old town oi Eijzleben is a caftic,
with three parifli-churches, agramn:ar
fchool, and feven hundred houfes, of which five hundred and fifty * are
brewhoufcs. This part is populous, and the centre of all the trade and
bufinefs of the whole county ; every thing for fale being brought hither,
whence its exports to the Harz and Thur'mgia are confiderable. This
being alio the high road to the empire, the toll here brings in at leaft
"ooo rixdollars per annum. The inhabitants have likewife a great deal of
corn land ; but eighty huff's of thefe lands lie in the bailiwick of Helfta,
to which they pay the tenths. The town every year pays into the treafury
of Magdeburg, the fevcral duties and contributions, together with fixtyflorins
"as a kind of land-tax, and every five years' forty more for fervicemoney.
The excife levied upon liquors here belongs to Saxony.
The new town of Eifzleben confifts of one parifli-church, and three
hundred houfes, of which two hundred and fifty are brewhoufes. It fiiares
likewife in the trade of the old town, to which, on the death of Count
Chrißian Frederick, in 1666, it was united, and therewith included in the
fequeftration. This town is famous for having given birth to the great
reformer Dr. Martin Luther, who alfo died here. In 1601, 1689, and
1738, it fuffered greatly by fire.
Hctfßadt or Heckßedt, a town feated on the Wipper, not far from Welfef-
* The Reader no doubt will be amazed at the number of brew-hoiifes both here and in
the "Ntxv Town, in proportion to the number of its other houfey; and fiirely their exports of
beer rauft be very fTtat, or the quantity brewed in them very (mall, (that is, perhaps they
3je no more than tlie public-houfes in the large thoroughfare towns in England, where ^\tvf
nan "-cnerally brev/s his own beer) to occafiou Tuch a number of buildings for oncfmgie article.
holZ)

Mansfcld.] GERMANY. 133
hohz, and having a magiflracy, whofe privileges exceed thofe of any other
town in the county. The corn lands here contain about one hundred and
five huffs in extent the greatcfl: part of which is fubjedl to Magdeburg.
In the year 1200, Heger Count of Falkenßein built the burgh or caftle of
Hi'tfßadt, which, at prefent, is fo entirely ruined, as to ferve the townfmen
only for a brewhoufe. The town was gradually formed near it.
Albert III. bifliop of Halberßadt annexed both the burgh and town to
his fee, but in 1420 Bidiop ^olm mortgaged it to the Counts oi Alansfeld.
In 1439, during the war betwixt Frederick Eledor oi Sax07iy, in conjunction
with his brother Duke JVilliam, againft Burkhard bifLop of Halberßadt,
the former having taken and pillaged the town, conferred it on
FollrathW. Count o( Mansfe/d, as his hereditary property. In 1442 the
faid EleSlor granted the fief of this town to the lee of Halberßadt, which
ceded it as an hereditary and abfolute property to the Counts oi Mamfeld,
who incorporated it with their county. h\ 151 1 a terrible fire happened
here, and in 1698 it was totally burnt down.
The mine-vvforks through the whole country, which were firft opened
about the year 1
199, lie not far from the prefent town of Htttjlcdt.
II. The bailiwick of Wimmelbiirg, belonging to the family of Pfuhl^
who took it by way of farm, and cleared the mortgage on it. This bailiwick
was formed out of the eftates of the convent of IVimmelburg, near
Eifzleben, which, in 1525, was entirely demolithed by the revolted Peafants,
and afterwards, together with its pofieffions, fecularized.
III. The bailiwick oi Bornßedt having for its proprietor the Prince of Man f-
ßdd -ind Fondi himfelf. This bailiwick was formerly a particular lordfliip,
which, in the twelfth century, belonged to the Counts of Mans/eld. But
in 1202 it was fold to the archbifliopric of Magdeburg, from which it came
to Erich of Gattf/ßebi'u, and in 1301 was again difpofed of to the county
of Mausjeld. The bailiwick of Bor?ißedt was anciently a fief of Magdeburg,
but in 1579 pafTed by exchange to Saxony: ihs Bcrnßedt line of
the houfe of Majajcld, which is ftill fubfifting, derives its name from it, the
ancient caftle of ßonßedt, now lying in rains. The village of the fame
name, which (lands below it, in conjundion with the village of Schmalzcrode,
likewife belonging to this diftrift, conftitutes a parilh. To the bailiwick
alfo belongs a part of the church-village of Wolff'erode.
IV. The bailiwick of ^r/j/Ztv« and £/7rt'^r/, which, fince the year 1678,
has been pofTcfied, with power of redemption, by the Barons Kiiigge, the
cafilc of Arnßein excepted, with certain hufs of land, and a flieep walk,
which belong to the Princes of Mans/eld. In this bailiwick is
The caftle of Anßein, now in ruins, though it gave name to the ancient
Lords and Counts of Anßein, who made a great figure, and from
whom were defcended the Counts of M///;7^^'« and Barby, together with
ihole ot Lindau and Ri/ffin. Their lordliiip feems to have been very confiderable.

'
VIIl.-
'
13+ GERMANY. [Mansfcld.
"^
fideiable. In all probability the caftle and lordfliip of Arnßein devolved,
as the portion of Lutgardis, fiftcr tu Walther the laft Count of Arnßein, to
her husband Otho Count o{ Talkcnßeiii, and not long after to the Counts
oi Reiiißcin, who, in J 387, lold ih.e lordlliip of yf;?//^'/« to the Counts of
Morsjeld. Thtfe lafl, in 1442, engaged for the future to hold the caftle of
Arnßein, with its appurtenances, as a fief of the Dukes of Saxony. The
bailiwick, of which the barons oi Knigge are proprietors, was, on occafn.n
of the Crypto-Cahinijmus, as it was called, which the clergy here oppofed,
feparated from the county of Mansjcid, and at firii placed under the
fupcrintendency of Sangerhavßn, but has fince been removed to the confiftory
of Z/fz/^:/^, where, at prefent, the paflors, on leceiving a call, are
confecrated. To it belong the fix following pariflies, liz.
1. Alterode, Stangenrode, and Uhigcrcdc.
2. IVelbßeben, and Endorf.
3. Sluenßedt.
4. Slide and Harkerode.
9. Artß.edt, and
6. Braunrcde.
V. The bailiwick of /fW/vT/t, belonging to the family of Bußch, the
yearly produce of which is about 3000 rixdollars. The convent of //^v//-
beck\\ftv& was, in 1525, totally deftroyed by the feditious Peafants. This
bailiwick- confifis of the villages of //^c7/i^fc,(', Riickgerodc, and Eisl-erg.
VI. The bailiwick oi F/iederfledt,
or U'eddetßedt, appertaining to a branch
of the family of Ä7r^£'«/'frg-. This bailiwick has been formed cut of a
nunnery which ftood on the Kupjerberg, near Hettßadt, and underwent
the fame fate with the former, from the fame hands. In the villag» of
Wiederßcdt here, is a parochial-church,
VII. The bailiwick of Hanunelburg, lying on the forefi: of Harz, and
which paffed, with power of redemption, to the family oi Berlepfch, ar._d
from them to that of Stammer, from whom, in 1721, it came to the
laniily o{ Frießen, who are its prefent pofiefiors.' To this hailiv/ick btlcngs
Rammelburg, a caftle, feated on a high hill,
Wippra, a market town on the JTipper, and containing a caPiie, which
now lies in ruins. This place formerly conftituted a lordlnip^ which was
I'old in 1440 to the county of Mi^.'/j/t'A/. Anciently alfo it was held as a
fief oi the archbifhopof ilil7^ü'ir/'z/r^ ; but by the compad of exchange agreed
upon in 1579, came under the iS'^xwz fovereignty. ,-
Kcnigerode, Friefdorf, and Biefenrode, all parochial-villages.
The bailiwick of Leinungen and Morungen, which cam.e not
at once into the poffefTion of the Counts oi Mamjeld. Wiprecht Count of
Groitzfcb, obtained Mormigen in it, as the portion of his wife, daughter to
Count Gojzxvih of Lcye, but was obliged to part with that and ether
eftates to' the Empe.-cr Henry V. as a ranfom for his fon, who had beer»
taktn

Mansfeld.] GERMANY, 135
taken prifoner, upon which the latter conferred it, as a fief on Holer I.
Connt 0^ Mansfeld. In 140 1 the proprietors of Mö/v/z/g-tv; were the Counts
of Holm/lcin, Count Henry oi Hohnßeln having in the faid year mortgaged it
to the Counts of Mimsfeld, who in 1408 made an abfolute purchafe tiiereof,
and in 1437 received the inveiliture of it, from the Emperor SlgifmiiJul,
Lcimmgen was a purchafe 0^ Philip Count oiMansfelä, from Herdam Hacken-,
after feveral redeemable alienations, the family of Eberjlein^ towards the
clofe of the feventeenth century, became pofTeflbrs of this bailiwick, though
with power of redemption, and fiill continue in pofleffion of it. It lies
not within the fequellration. The two pariflies here are that of
Leinimgen or Great-Leinungen , in conjundlicn with Meningen, and
The parilh of i^o//j^ with Horla, which conflitute a particular deanry.
IX, The bailiwick oi Artern, lies feparated from the reft of the county,
betwixt the Unjlrnt and Great Helme. BninolX. Lord of ^terfurt purchafed
the lordfiiip oi Artern of Gerlach Lord of Held'-ungen. In 1448 Bruno X.
Lord of ^erfiirt, fold it again to Gimther III. Count of Mansfeld and
Rrnejl QoMw'ioi Hohvßein, and in J
452 the former parted with his fliare
to the latter. This lordfliip was a fief of Magdeburg, but by exchange
palled to Saxony. The bailiwick belongs to the 'Pnnce oi Mansfeld. In it is
Artern, a fmall town having a caftle. This place lies on the JJnßrut,
and has good corn-lands and pafturage. It is alfo the feat cf a deanry
and in the neighbourhood of the town are fome falt-works.
Ritteburg,
a parochial-village.
Gehojen, a market-town fituated in Rieih, and belonging to the Eberßein
family.
X.The bailiwick ofVockßedt or Voigtßadt in Rieth, and which formerly
belonged to the Counts oi Hohnßein, who about the year 1392, fold it to
Count Br lino IX. Lord of ^lerjiirt and Mansfeld. This bailiwick was at
that time a fief of Magdeburg. In 1449 Count Erncfl of Hohnßein, and
Count Giinthcr of A/owji/c.'/;/ purchafed it ox Bruno X. Lord of ^erfiirt, and
in 1452 Count Erfiejt transferred his part of it to Count Gimther. At
prefent it belongs to the Auerbach family. This bailiwick contains
Vcckßedt or Voigtfladt,
Schonefeld, alfo a parochial-village.
Catbariet and Nikolafriet,
a feat and parochial-village,
making one parifli.
The Part under tlie S o v e r e i c n t y of
MAGDEBURG or B.RANDENBURG,
This part, as we have fliewn above, conftitutes about two fifths of the
whole county and confifts of 3689 huffs of land each of tliirty furlongs,
that is to fay 1095!- acres of meadow-land and gardens, 384'- acres of
vineyards,

,v6 GERMANY. [Mansfcld.
acres of vvood-Iands. The Eledor o'i Brandenburg ao
Duke of Magdeburg, holds the fovereignty over the County oi Mamjeld 2i%
vlneyJiiJs, 785r
his fief, together with the prerogatives in church affiiirs dependent thereon.
Fnit in 1692 he granted fome ecclenaftical privileges to the Prince of
Miinsfeld, who is the principal member of the States of the Dntchy of
Ma(^de/wrg. The Eiedor exercifes jointly with the Prince, the Jus co/brtnndi
and tlie jus frinud in/hintice or concurrail Is jurisdiäionis here. The
Prince's revenue ariling from this part amounts to about 40,000 rixdollars
per annum. The bailiwicks belonging to it are oi four kinds j
The others are
of fome of them the Prince of Mans/e/d h yet proprietor.
all alienated with power of redemption and remain partly in the hands of
the creditors, or have been redeemed either by the Lords of the fief or
the fovereign of the country, by whom they have either been added to
their demefnes or conferred on the young Princes, for whofe ufes likewife
fome noble manors have been purchafed. In this part is
1. The caflle of MansfeLl, which is fituated on a high rock, and was
formerly a fortrefs as alfo the rehdence of the Counts of Mansfehi. It was
divided into the Vorder-Middle and Hinder-Ort. At prefent the Vorder
part only remains, the other, together with the walls and baftlons, having
been demolilned and blown up in J 674. This caflle belongs to the
Prince of Mansfehi.
2. The town of Mansfehi, which from its fituation beneath the caftle is
called the Thai or vale of Mansfeld. This town isfmall and belongs to the
Prince of Mavsfehi.
3. The middle bailiwick of Mansfeld, which was formed out of the
fequeftrated convent of Mansfehi, and lies about one fliort half hour's
dirtance from the caftle. This bailiwick belongs to the Prince of Mansfeld,
and comprehends under it the village ot Clojier Mansfeld, containing
a noble manor ; as alfo thofe of Sierjleben, Siebigkerode, Whmnelrode and
Ziegelrode.
It poflefied likewife the upper jurifdidtion over Alsdorf.
4. The bailiwick or lordfliip of Friedeburg formerly belongi;-g to the
Lords of Friedeburg. On the extindion of thefe Counts it muft hsve
fallen to the Lords of the fief, for in 1316 Albert billiop of Halberßadt,
and Woldcmar blftjop of Brandenburg, granted it to the archbiiliopiic of
Magdeburg. In 1442 Volrath and GcbhardW. Counts ci Mansjeld ^mchafed
the lordlliip of Friedeburg, with the ruined caftle of Sahztnunde and
all the villages, rights and jurifdidtions belonging thereto j as alfo the
town and convent of Gerbßadt, with the paftures, hHieries, mines, chafes,
^c. of the archbifliop of Magdeburg, for the fum of 4000 fchocks of okl
Meifz-en Grofchen. In the fifteenth century it was twice mortgaged by the
Counts oi Mansfeld, but redeemed in 1612, at which time the chapter of
Magdeburg paid the mortgage muney. In 1667 Count Francis Maximilian
again arrived to the poffeillon of it, it having been redeemed a tew
vearü

Mansfeld.] GERMANY. 137
years before. At prefent it is poffefled by the Prince of Mamfeld, but the
lordHiip or bailiwick is divided into
1. The upper bailiwick confifling of nine villages, and belonging
to the ruined caftie of Salzmnnde. The village of Salzmunde ftands at
the influx of the Salze into the Saak. In the village of Pfutzenthal is a
farm belonging to the Prince.
2. Into the lower bailiwick comprehending under it
Fridcburg^ a caftie feated on a hill near the rivers Schknze and Saak.
In the village adjoining to this caftie are two noble manors.
Gerbfladt, a fmall town which fo lately as the year 1364, was only a
village. Concerning the convent which formerly Itood here, fee the bailiwick
of Gerbfladt in the fequel.
Fourteen village?, with the farm of Strätifzhof, and
The fupreme jurifdiction over the village of Adendorf.
5. The bailiwick of Holzzelle fituated betwixt Eifzleben and Scraplau,
and belonging to the Princes of Mansfeld. This bailiwick was formed out
of a nunnery, which was demoliflied in the fixteenth century by the
feditious peafants. To it belong the villages of Homburg and Kolnien.
6. The bailiv.'ick of Heljfta fituated near Eifzleben, and formed out of a
Cillercia?! nunnery named Helpeda, Helpete or Hclffta. The Counts of
Mansfeld, morfgnged this bailiwick with power of redemption. But in
in 171 2 Frederick I. King of Pruffia redeeming it for himi'elf, annexed it
to his Magdeburg demefncs. To it belong the villages oi Helffta and Bifchofrode,
with the eftates of Vitzthum, the Siebenhitze, a fuburb belonging;
to Eifzleben, and the ruined village of Neckendorf.
7. The bailiwick of Hederßeben alfo formed out of a nunnery. The
Counts of Mansfeld in 1674 transferred this bailiwick with power of redemption
to mardial Bibcrjiein. In 1736 King Frederick William redeemed
it, on which it came into the pofleffion of Prince ^z/^?//'«; Ferdina7id. To
it belong the villages of Hederßeben, with two of the eftates there, namely
Dederßedt and Gorßeben and the Hattorß' t'üiX^ at Folieben, which was added
to this bailiu'ick by purchafe,
8. The bailiwick and lordftiip of Schraplau, which formerly gave name
to a branch of the Counts oi Mansfeld. Count Gebbardll. in 1371 m.ide an
hereditary purchafe of this bailiwick, from the archbifhop of Mr?^v?'(;'Z'?/r^.
divided into the upper and lower. The redemption of the former was purchafed
by King Frederick William, of the fpoufe of Cbriflian Duke of Saxe-
Weiffenfels, widow to fobn George III. Count of Mansjeld, but that of the
latter from the fimily of Bidau, and both fettled on Prince Augißus Ferdinand.
To the upper bailiwick belongs Schraplau, a fmall town feated
on the river Weite. The caftie appertaining to it now lies in ruins.
The noble manor here has likewife been purchafed for the royal family,
and eredted into the feat of a bailiwick.
Vol. VL T Seven
It is

13S GERMANY. [Mansfeld.
Seven villages
and two farms.
2. To the lower bailiwick belong fix villages. The two noble manors
in the villages of Stedten, which is annexed to it, have alfo been purchafed
for the royal
family.
9. The bailiwick of Great-Oerner, having its feat in the place of that
name fituated on the PFipper, and formerly a town, which was redeemed
from the family of Pfuhl by King Frederick William, and conferred on
Prince Auguftus Ferdinand.
10. The bailiwick of Gerbßadt, confifting of a fequeflratcd BenediBine
nunnery in the town of Gerbßadt above-mentioned, which, with the farm
oi Trefewitz belonging to it, was in the year 1600 transferred with power of
redemption to the Lords of Plotho. To this bailiwick likewife belongs
the manor in the New-Stadt Gerbßadt, formerly appertaining to the family
of Steuben, together with New-Stadt Gerbßadt, Rumpin, Zellwitz and
Kon'tgsivieck, which are all annexed to it. Thefe eftates were purchafed
in 1738 and 1739 by \\\ng Frederick William, for Prince Augufliis Ferdinand
and incorporated with a bailiwick.
11. The bailiwick oi Bennfledt, having its feat in the village of that
name not far from the confines of the Saale-c\x.^t. This bailiwick, which
was purchafed by King Frederick William for Prince Augußus Ferdinand,
,was a manor of marfhal Bibcrßein.
12. The bailiwick of New-Aßehurg, which was formed out of a
manor lafl; belonging to the family of Bufch, of whom King Frederick
William bought it, and erected it into a bailiwick for Prmce Augißus
Ferdinajid. The caftle of Neia-Affeburg, fi:ands on a -hill not far from
Mansfeld, but is fallen greatly to decay, for which reafon the feat of the
bailiwick has been removed to the village of Mollendorf ox Mublendcrf.
13. The bailiwick of Leimhach lying at a fmall dirtance from Mansfeld,
and being alienated with power of redemption, though at prefent in the
polleffion of the family of Schenk. To it belongs
Leimbach, a fmall town formerly containing a caftle. In the neighhood
is a farm belonging to the Prince.
2. The village of Volhßadt, containing five noble manors, together with
eight other villages and the new farm below the caftle of Mansfeld,
14. The bailiwick of Burg-Oerner, fituated in the village of that name,
and containing a beautiful feat, but alienated with power of redemption»
This bailivv'ick is at prefent in the poft'effion of Baron Pofadoivßy.
15. The Bailiwick oi Pollebcn, in the village of that name fituated betwixt
Eifzleben and Gerbßadt, and likewife alienated with power of redemption.
The prefent proprietors of this bailiwick are the family of
Pfuhl:
16. The bailiwick o? Helmfdorf, alfo called the bailiwick of Mansfeld-
Hinort, fituated betwixt EJjzleben and Gerbßadt. This bailiwick was
formerly

Stollberg.] GERMANY.
139
formerly a conventual eftate, and is alienated with power of redemption to
the family o^ Bulow. Exclufive of the conventual farmof Helmsdor/, and the
brewhoufc at Grcat-Oemer, to it likewile belong the villages of Borgid>jrj\
Kottehdorf, Augsdorf znA Hubitz.
17. The bailiwick or free lordfhip o't Seehirg, which in 1160 on the
death of its proprietor archbifhop Wigman, efcheated to the fee of Magdehurgy
but fometime after to the Counts of Wernigerode, who in 1287 iold
it to the Counts of Alansfeld. In 1574 Chrißopher Count of Mansfeld
transferred this bailiwick, with power of redemption to Ciino Habnaiy
whole defcendants the Kahns of Mecklenburg are ftill in polTellion of it.
To it
belongs
The feat and town of Scebiirg, fituated near the frefli-water lake.
Beefenßadi, a village which formerly had the privilege of holding a
market, and accordingly the upper village here, is ftill called Markt-Bee-
Jenjiadt.
Thirteen other villages.
18. The bailiwick oi Erdeborn, alfo alienated with power of redemption,
and at prefent poflllfed by the family of Streithorß. To this bailiwick is
annexed the village of Erdiborn, fituated not far from freß) water-lake,
and containing feveral manors, together with that of Hergisdorf, in which
is an annual fair and four others.
19. The farm in the village of Hclbra, formerly belonging to the convent
of Helff'ta, and likewife alienated with power of redemption. This
farm is at prefent in the pofTeflion of the family of Kerßenbruch.
20. The court-village oi Helbra, fituated betwixt Mansfeld zx\d Eifzleben,
and appertaining at prefent to Count Dcfiefi.
21. The manor and court of Schochwitz, belonging to the Counts of
Schulej7iburg, with the villages of Schochwitz, Krimpe and Wilz.
22. The manor oi Wurtemburg, in the village ol Deutßhenthal, confifting
of five contiguous villages with two churches, and appertaining to the
family of Trotha. But the fovereignty of this manor is divided betwixt the
county of Mansfeld, and the bailiwick oi Laiicbßadt. See Vol. V.
'The Coiwtles ö/'Stollberg and
Wernigerode.
§. I. ' B ^HE county of Stollberg. Of this county Penther has delineated a
-*• map, dravi^n from geometrical obfervations made by himfelf,
and likewife from views taken from fome eminencies. This map was publiihed
by Homamii heirs, and conftitutes the fifty-eighth map in
the Atlas of
Germany. According to it the bailiwick oiHohnßcin makes 3 part of the county.
T 2
%.z. The

i40
GERMANY. [Stollberg.
^. 2. The county of Stollberg lies in Thuringia on the Harze, and accordin»
to the fituation given it in that map, terminates to tlie fouth, on the
un^ier principality of Schwarzbiirg ;
to the eafl:, on the bailiwick of Smigerhaiifen
in Saxony, belonging to the Circle of Thuringia, and on the county
of Mnnsfeld; to the north, on the principalities oi Anhalt and Blankenbiirg;
and to the weft on a part of the county of Hohnßein, and the imperial town
of Ncrdhaufcti. Its greateft length is five geographical milej, and its breadth
three, exclaiive of the bailiwicks of Hecringen and Kelbra. It affords good
pafturage and corn-lands, but abounds more particularly in fane woods,
with plenty of game, and rich mine-works of copper and filver, as alfo blackalabafter
and other minerals.
S. -1. In it arc two towns, and the Counts are likewife proprietors of
half of two others. Both the Counts and their fuhjeds profefs Lutheranijm.
At Stollberg is held the fuperintendency for the county, which comprehends
within it twenty-eight parilhes, exclufive of thofe in the bailiwicks of
Hcerin^-en snd Kelbra, which are held jointly with Schisarzburg.
§. 4I The houfe of Stollberg is one of the moft ancient among the
o-rcat houfes in Germany, but its origin, for want of a proper difquilition,
has never yet been fet in a true light. The eflates and lands belonging
to it gradually increafed, till they became confiderablc, for in 1412 it
purchafed a part of the towns and bailiwicks of Heeringcn and Kelbra,
and in 141 3 the caftle of Hohnßein. In 1429 it acquired the county of
Wernigerode. In 1535
it inherited that 0I Konigßein, but of this the archbifhop
of Mentz, has poflefTed itfelf of the greateft part, and by a convention
made in 1755, obtained alio a part of the county and lordfliip of
Rochefort. Count He?jry the elder, who died in 1572, is the general
founder of the prefent houfe of Stollberg, which in his two fons Lewis
Geora^e and Chriflopher, became divided into two lines. That of the former'failed
in his.grandfon, but that of the fecond is ftill in being, and is
ao-ain divided in the perfons of his two eldeft Tons, Count Hetiry Erneß and
John Martin, into the Wernigerode and Stollberg lines. Count Henry Erneß
who died in 1672, was the founder of the Wernigerode or the ancient
chief line, which in his grandfons Count Chrißian Erneß and Frederick
Charles was again divided, into that of JFernigerode or Geder. In 1742 the
latter was promoted in the perfon of its founder, to the dignity of a princely
houfe of the Empire. Count John Martin founder of the Stollberg or
younger chief lines, who died in 1669, continued it in his fon Count
Cbrißopber Lewis who died in 1704, and his fons Count Chrißopher Frederick
and Jußus Clmßian founded two other lines, namely the former
that of Stollberg'Stollberg, and the latter that of Stoliberg-Rofzla, both
which are flill exiflent.
5, Ihe title of the houfe of Stollberg, is Count of Stollberg, Kom'gßein,
Rocheßrt, Wernigerode and Hohnßein, Lord of Epßein, Munzenberg, Breii-^

the
StoJIberg.] GERMANY.
14.^
berg, Aigjfiont, Lorn and Klettenbcrg. The arms for StoHherg, are
topaz a ftag palfant diamond, for Konigjiehi topaz a lion rampart diamond,
for Rochefort topaz an eagle difplayed ruby, with the beak legs and
claws faphire ; for Wernigerode pearl two trouts regardant ruby, for Hohnßein
pearl and ruby checqce, for Epßein party per pale, ruby and pearl,
for the county of Markt topaz, for Mimzenberg party per pale topaz and
ruby, for Aigmont party per pale topaz and ruby, for Klettenberg argent
a ftag pafTant diamond, and for the county of Lutterberg party per bend,
a chief ruby with a lion topaz.
§. 6. The Counts of Stollberg, in the Diets of the Empire, are ranked
in the college of the imperial Counts of the Wetterau. They are alfo
pofleffed of feat and voice in . circle of Upper Saxony. To a Roman
month the county ol Stollberg, is rated at eighty-four florins, of which
fum the Counts thereof pay three fourths, that is to fay fixty-three florins,
and Saxojiy one fourth or twenty-one florins. To the chamber at Wetzlar
they pay fixty rixdollars, and eighty-one kruitzers.
§. 7. The County of Stollberg, as properly fo called, is for the mod;
part a fief of Saxony, Mentz or Halberfladt. The Eledfor of Saxony exercifes
the fovereignty both over his own fiefs and likewife over thofe of
Stollberg, though a fief of Mentz, and for this reafon the Counts of
Stollbergy are reckoned in the firft clafs of the States of the eledorate of
Saxony, and their lands under the Saxon fovereignty, in the circle of
Thuringia.
§. 8. Each ruling Count of the Stollberg-Yine, has his own court of regency,
a confiftory and exchequer. The mine-office is held by them in common,
§. 9. The partition of the county is as follows: viz.
I, The line of Stollberg- Stollberg is poffefled of
1. The bailiwick of Stollberg, which is a fief of the Eledor of Mentz.
In this
bailiwick is
Stollberg on the Harz, in ancient records ftiled Stalberg, the refidence of
the Counts, lying in a narrow deep vale, and above it ftands the Count's
palace, which has a church of its own. Befides the great and parifli
church, here is alfo another at the hofpital, with two churches for interments,
a fuperintendency and a grammar-fchool.
The pariflies of Rottleberoda, Uftriingen, Rcdijlayn and Stempeda.
2. Of the bailiwick of Hayn, to which belong the pariflies of üT^j;?,
Schivenda, Dietersdorf and Strafzberg, in the laft of which are fome
mines of filver, copper and lead, together with the farm of Friderichpoof.
3. Of the bailiwick of Hohnßein, which fl^.all be defcribed in the fequel,
under the county of Hohnßein, where likewife an account will be given
of the Stollberg part, of the convent-bailiwick aviä the padagogium of Ilefeld.
2. The line of Stollberg-Rofzla is pofi"efl"ed of
K The bailiwick of Rojzla, which is a fief of Saxony^ To this bailiwick
belongs
Rofzla.,

142 GERMANY. [Wernigerode.
Rofzla, a parochial-village, with a palace in it where the Count refides.
At this place alfo is a confiftory with thirteen churches under its jurifdidlion.
In 1656 it was totally confumed by fire, and in 1683 a great part
of it was deftroyed by the fame dreadful calamity.
The parifli of Be/mmrgen, together with thofe of Wickeroda, Breitungen
and Rofperwenda.
2. Of the bailiwick of ^eßenberg, alfo a fief of Saxony, and in which
are fl:ill to be feen the ruins of the old caftle of ^leßenberg^ at the village
of that name. To this bailiwick likewife belong the villages of T/^jvzrc^,^,
Littk-'Leiinmgen and Drcbsdorf.
3. Of the bailiwick oi Wolfsberg, which is a htio^ Ualberßadt, and contains
under it, the pariflies of Wolfsberg, Breitenbach and Ditticheroda.
Near the parochial village of Wolfsberg are to be feen the ruins of an
eld caüle.
4. Of the bailiwick of Ebersburg, fo called from a ruinous caflle in it,
of which only a tower remains. This bailiwick likewife contains the church
villages of Hreman-Afcker and Bucbholtz, both under one paftor.
5. The bailiwick of Berenrode, with the church village of Breitenßein.
Obf. That the Counts of Stollberg, are joint proprietors of the towns
and bailiwicks of Heeri?igen and Kelbra, with the Princes of Schivarzburg,
has been obferved above in the principality of Schwarzburg.
The County o/' Wernigerode.
§. I. ''-p^HE beft reprefentation of this county is in Maier's map of the
^ principality of Halberßadt, defigned by Riefe, and engraved in
1750 by Homanns heirs.
§. 2. It lies partly on the Harz, which is here divided into the upper and
lower, to the latter of which alfo it belongs, and borders on the principality
of Halberfladt, the lordfhips of Schauen and Derenburg, the principality
of Blankettburg, Elbijtgerode, a bailiwick of Brunfwick, and the diocefes of
Brunfiuick and Hildeß:ieim, being above three Germaii miles in length
and fomewhat above two in breadth.
§. 3. One part of this county is mountainous, and the other level ; but
the proportion of thefe two parts I am obliged to leave undecided, the calculations
relating to it being fo various, that fome reckon the former at
two-thirds, and the latter at one-third, while others again make it quite
the reverfe. The hills here form a kind of amphitheatre, rifing gradually
to the fartheft. The mofl diflinguifhed of all is the Great Brocken, or Bkckfberg,
in Latin Mons B?-u£lerus, which is called the Great Brocken, by way of
diftinftion from the Little Brocken. It lies within this county, and is one of
the

Wernigerode.] GERMANY.
,43
the higheft, or, according to fome, the very higheft mountain in all Ger~
many. On its fummit fcarce any fmall Hirubs grow, much lefs trees, and
the fnow remains frequently there till midfummer, and in fome of the
northern parts even yet longer. Thofe who afcend it in fummer find there
a fmall /tone houfe, where they may refrefli themfelves ; and on the
Lejfer-Brocken is a houfe of entertainment, of which more in the fequel.
Out of the Brocken iflues the life, with the Great and Little Eude or Bode^
as alfo the Echr and HoIzem?ne. The levels are very fertile in all kinds
of grain, pulfe, turneps, flax, culinary herbs, and other vegetables and
fruits. The mountains afford very valuable plants, with berries of all
kinds, particularly crown-berries, of which great quantities are preferved.
Oak and beech are not fo common here as firs and pines. Great care is
taken in keeping up and planting the foreft. As the meadows and paftures
are very rich, fo alfo great numbers of cattle are bred here. It abounds
likewife in all manner of beafls of chace and wild fowl. The refearches
after filver, lead and copper mines in this country have for fome time been
given over; but it abounds in marl, clay for bricks and pots, together with
lime-flone, free-ftone, turf, cobalt, lead and iron. No part of the country
can be called barren. It exports oat-meal, corn, all kind of berries,
timber, and brufli-wood ; as alfo deals, oil, oil cakes, fine oxen, hogs,
venifon, fifh, chalk, falt-petre, gun-powder, caft and wrought iron,
wrought copper, (which is imported rough) paper, cloth, fluffs, waggons,
and brandies.
§. 4. It is very populous, and its language Low German ; but the inhabitants
are Lutherans, and the pariflies, with their paftors, in number
twenty-one,
under the fuperintendent at Wernigerode.
§. 5. Formerly the county had its own .Counts, to Vi^hom it gave title;
but in 1268 Co7irad Count of Wernigerode refigned his feat and town of
Wernigerode, as a fief, io "John Otho and Conrad, Marggraves oi Brandenburg,
and their defcendants. Count Henry, the laft of his name, dying in 1429
without heirs, the county, purfuant to an agreement, devolved to Count
BothoNl, of Stollberg; and in the feventeenth century, on a partition of
their patrimony, betwixt the fons of Chrißopher Count oi Stollberg, Count
Henry Ernefl obtained this county, which was fettled on his eldefl fon
Count Chnßian Ernefl.
§. 6. Thus the county of Wernigerode is a fief of the Y>\n'gof Prußa, as
Marggrave of BrandeJiburg, and is under his fovereignty. In 17 14 an
agreement was entered into betv^^ixt King Frederick William and Count
Chriß.ian Erneß, for fettling of their refpedive rights. The King, as fovereign
of the country, levies the excife in the town of /if^r;2/^^rö(^^, (one
tenth of which goes to the Count) taxes the country, raifes foldiers, but
never quarters any upon it, and appeals lie from the Count's regency to
the revenue court at Berlin.
The other Regalia here belong to the Count,
»mong

^44
GERMANY. [Wernigerode.
among which Is the high and low jiirifdidtion, in civil, criminal and church
affairs ; together with the jurifdidion of the mines, chaces, flores, coinage,
tßc. The Count's regency, to which appeals are brought from the inferior
courts in the town and country, confifts of a fecretary, a director, and
counfellors. Thefe, with the addition of three ecclefiaftic confiftorial
counfellors, form the confiftory. The revenue-court confifts of a diredor,
counfellors, affeffors, and other officers, and, with the addition of foreft
and mine officers,
forms the forefl and mine courts.
§. 7, The revenues of this county are very confiderable, being reckoned
at no lefs than 50,000 rixdollars per annum.
§. 8. To it belongs
I. The town and caflle of Wernigerode. The caflle (lands on a high
jnountain direöly above the town, and has been fo greatly improved and
enlarged by Count Chrißian Ernefl, that, on the whole mountain, there
is net one wafte fpot, particularly, he has adorned it with a large and valuable
library. Here hkewife the archives of the family are kept. The
court-chaplain is always fupcrintendent of the county. About this ftately
feat lies a park, which was walled in by Count Chrißian E.nie ft,
and finely
planted both with fruit and forefl: trees. In it, near the caftle gate, is a
row of houfes for the Count's domeftics, together with a well buiit orphanhoufe
and new flables, befides many fingle houfes for the Count's attendants
; but particularly in the park is the fummer-houfe, called the hermitage,
(which flands higher than the caftle itielf) as aifo thole of the
Chriflianenthal, and the Schmuck, or ^''''^t.'^^-houfe. Not far from the park
is a moft beautiful. parterre, with a fine green houfe in it, wherein is the
large faloon without pillars. Near the parterre ftands alfo a fplendid building,
in the upper part of which lives the Countefs Frederica Charlotta of-
Hohcnkhe-lngclßngen, widow to Henry Auguftin Count of Stollbe-rg-Sctivürza.
A vifta of limes leads from the park to the Count's kitchen garden and
orchard, which lies near the town. The road and footway to the caftle
are both very beautifully planted with rows of trees.
The town lies beneath the caftle, at a little diftance from the Holzemme,
which receives into it the rivulet of Zillicherbach, after it has run through
the town. It confifts of three parts, viz.
1. Of the old town, in which are four hundred and thirty houfes, two
parifh-churches, two alms-houfes, containing a church, a free-ftone houfe
belonging to the Count, a farm alfo his property, the fecrerary's office,
the government-houfe, the council-houfe, in which are kept the excife
and tax-office, and where the commiffioners for the breweries beion^inoboth
to the King and Count, hold their meetings ; together with a Latin
fchool of five clafTes, and feveral manfion-houfes belonging to noblemen.
2. Of the new town, containing in it one hundred and ninty-one
}:oufes, one parifh-church, and an alms-houfe.
3. Of

Wernigerode.] GERMANY. 145
3. Of the fuburb oi Nofchenrode, which is under the bailiwick o^ Wernigerode,
and confifts of about one hundred and fifty houfes, one church,
and a fchool. Without the town lies the hofpital of Saint George, with a
church ; and, if to the abovementioned houfes be added forty free houfes,
the number in all, including Wernigerode, will amount to upwards of
eight hundred. In 1455, 1528, and 1751, great fires happened here;
fince that in the laft mentioned year, the greateft part of the houfes have
been rebuilt of flone. Under the main ftreet are canals, with ftone, into
which the water runs out of all the cellars in the town, and thus they are
kept dry ; and from the fuburb, by means of the Zillicher rivulet, the whole
place may be laid under water. Bcfides the magiftracy of the two united
towns, it has alfo a government appointed by the Count, confifting of a
governor, who, at the fame time, is criminal judge and mayor j together
with fix afl'eficjrs, two of whom are of the council ; and two of the burgherv.
To the corporation belong very large woods, out of which the burghers
are allowed timber for building, with a certain quantity of wood annually
for fuel. The revenues of the government are confiderable. The trade
of the townfmen confifts chiefly in agriculture, brewing, diftilling, manufaftures
of cloth and woolen ftuffs, and other arts. His Prujian Majefty's
rights are managed by a counfellor of the war and demelhe office, under
the title of a Commijfarius Loci. The King's commiflary of war collefts
the contributions of the country, and at the gates, befides the porters of the
corporation, fits alfo the King's gate clerks, who jointly receive the toll
for the road. Here is likewife a poft-office belonging to the King. In and
near the town along the Zilliche are feveral meal, oil, fulling, fawing and
other mills. At a fittle diftance alfo from the town is a copper mill, which
belongs to the corporation.
II. The bailiwick of Wernigerode, to which belongs
The abovementioned fuburb of Nojchenrode, where the toll and bailiwick
offices for the Count are held. The inhabitants here are obliged to
perform all -oeeafional fervices in the caftle and the farms in the town j
whereas the houfes built along the town moats are called the Fre\e Seite, as
not being under any obligation of fervice ; but on the other hand they enjoy
no fliare in the common woods and paftures. The inhabitants of this
fuburb -mufl: be burghers, and may follow any kind of craft or trade without
being free of any of the town companies, unlefs they take apprentices
or journeymen.
Silßedt, a large and handfome parochial-village, fituated on the Holzemtne,
and containing a charter-eftate.
Minfieben, a parochial-viiiage, alfo feated on the Holzemtne, and containing
a farm, belö^^ging to- the Count, with a noble manor, to which
is annexed the lower jurifdiS5ör> of the village, and] a charter-eftate. The
inhabitants here, in refpeft to their lands and criminal affairs, are -fubjecTi: to
the bailiwick of Wernigerode.
Vol. VI. U Reddel^er

^6 GERMAN T,
[Wernigerode.
RcclJchcf' or Rehber, a parocliial-village, belonging to Zilli, a bailiwick
of the chapter at Hnlberßadt, but the inhabitants, with refpccl: to their
lands, are fuhjedl to the Count, and comprehended under this bailiwick.
In this alio is a feudal eftate belonging to the Count.
Schnuit-zfeld, a confiderable eftate belonging to the Count.
Latizeln Langlum, a large parochial-village, with a commandery, of the
Teutonuk order, belonging to the Bailey of Saxony. Beyond Darlhigcrode, and
near Feckenßeät, it has fome very fine forefts and alternately with the Count
-,
is poflefTed of the advowfon of the parifh-church. Here is alfo a farm
belonging to the Count, together with a noble manor, a charter-manfionhoufe,
and another farm belonging to Saint Nicholas'^ alms-houie, in
Wernigerode.
IVaJJcrlchcn, one of the largeft villages in the county, fituated on the
Jlfe^ and containing two churches, tho' one paftor ofhciates at both. The
nunnery which formerly ftood here, has been converted into a demefne
bailiwick, which is farmed to the baily. In this bailiwick too is a diftillery.
Veckcnftcdty a parochial-village, fituated on the lije, and being a demefne
bailiwick, bat the baily of it has no longer jurildi

Wernigerode.] G E R M A N Y. 147
Cbrißian E^neß of the houfe o^ Leiningen. In the village is a farm belonging
to the Count, and called Marienhof, from Maria Elizabeih, confort
to Count IL'firy Erneß. The village church has no conftant fcrvice
performed in it. The chief trade of the place arifes from the iron-works,
flatting mills and fliflory, all which belong to the Count. Likewife in
and near this place, along the Hfi, are fome fawing, oil, paper, and powder
mills, together with others for clay and copper. The iron ore is
brought hither from Härtenberg.
To the fouthward of it, near the Brocken, lies the Ilfcnthal, in which is
the high rock oi Ilfcnjlein.
III. The bailiwick of Stapclbiirg has its feat in the parochial-village of
that name, lying on a branch of the river Ecker, called the Steinmecke. On
an eminence near it are the ruins of the old fortrefs of Stapdburg. On the
Ecker alfo lies the Eckerkriig, or tavern, fo called from the river, together
with a hunting feat of the Counts. At Eckerthal is a lalt fpring, but no
ufe made of it.
IV. Suhjeä: to the Schierke court* are works lying along the Bade, beneath
the Brocken. The people belonging to this traft are very induftrious
in all rural improvements, by which means they have now acquired a
parifli-church of their own. Here are two ovens belonging to the Prince,
together with two flatting mills and a faftory. The iron ore is brought
hither from Buchmberge, which ftands at fome hours difbance. On account
of the many foreils in the neighbourhood, a court of foreftry is held
here. It yields good paflurage, with confiderable breeds of horned cattle.
The Bude likewife affords fine trout ; but all other kinds of provifions are
imported into it.
V. We are further to obferve here
Hohne, a farm for the feeding of cattle, and belonging to the Count;
befides which, not far from the Zillicherbach, it has likewife a Aud ;
together with Schluft, fituated beneath the Brocken, on the river Bude^
Scharjhßein, alfo fituated beneath the Great-Brocken, not far from the
Ecker, and Molkejihaus. The lafl; of thefe two places belongs to the Leiningen
manfion-houfe at Ilfenbnrg.
Heinrichßohe, Langen-Werk, and Jacobsbruch, all turf-works belonging,
to the Count, and confifting of large wooden buildings for the drying of
the turf, which is afterwards burnt here into coals, for the fervice of the
•
mine works. In the turf furnaces is extradled an unduous moiflure from
the turf, refembling an oil. The firfi: of thefe places ftands on the Le/Jer-
Brocken, and may be feen at the diflance of four German miles. Near it
is an inn, ereded as well for the accommodation of the workmen as for
travellers who vifit Brocken. The two other turf-works lie near Schierke.
VI. The bailiwick of Haßerode, which extends near the town of Wernigerode,
and is fome hours in circuit. This bailiwick was formed out of
U 2
a dilbid

148 GERMANY. [Barbi.
a diftridt ceded by the Counts to the corporation of Wernigerode, from
whom it came to the King of PruJJia titulo fequeßraticnis, on which it was
eredted into a royal bailiwick. In it are fome confiderable woods. The.
corporation of Wernigerode are ftill poffefled of certain privileges in it, as
namely, that of paflurage, and the right of driving cattle through it. The
light of venery here belongs to the Count, who is alfo poffefled of a fliare
in the foreft called the Land?nann, where he has likewife a fawing mill, and
A manfion for a chief forefter ; but the cobalt pits are now no longer
worked. The Haßerode confifts of a fort furrounded with water, together
with a farm, feveral mills, a lodge for the forefter, and fome other
fcattered houfes. The fchool belongs to the Count, who alfo appoints a
a catechift here, and the place is annexed to Saint Sihe/ier's church at Wernigerode.
In the King's part of this diflrid: is a lead mine and a colour-mill.
The inn called the Auerhahn, or the Woodcock, belongs to
the Count. Not far from HaJJerode, and about half..an hour's diftance
from the town, formerly flood a convent of Augußi?ie Monks, called the
Hi?ninelpforte, which, in 1525, was pulled down by the rebellious pcafants,
and its lands fequeftrated by the Count.
I'he County ö/' B a R B y.
§. I. A Reprefentation of this county is to be met with in the firfl flieet
*^ of the map of Saxony, publifhed in J 752 by Homann% heirs. It
is furrounded by Gotn?nern, a Saxon bailiwick, the dutchy of Magdeburg^
and the principality of Anhalt ; and liqs..p^ the £/i5^\y,|ijch,^in.^Üais county,
receives the Saale. ,
-.
,>,,.';
§. 2. In the years 974, 987, and 999, the Emperors Otho II. and III.
granted Barby, with all the villages and eflates appertaining thereto, in
the country oi' N'ordiburingen, to the abbey of ^vdlinburg. In both patents-
Barby is mentioned as an imperial cflate, or curtis. The Lords of Barby^
who have fince been raifed to be Counts, were defcended from the Counts
of Mulingen, of whom one line fettled their refidence at Barby. Burc-
BardY. Count of Mulingen and Lord oi Barby, in i'497, obtained of the
Emperor Maximilian I. the eredlon of his barony of Barby into a princi*,
pality of the empire ; from which time his defcend^ants here have ftiled
themfelves Counts of Barby, which, at'terwards, in their titles, preceoed
Mulingen. In 1659, however, the family became extindl in the perfon of
Count Augiißui Leivis. By this means^ its lands and eflates have been
greatly dlimembered. The proper county of Barby paffed to the electoral
houfe of Saxony, and therein at firft to the Weiffenjeh line. Mulingen and
Waltber-Nienlurg went as a Saxon fief to Anhalt-Tjcrbßy and the lordfnips of
Rofe7iburg

ReufTen.] GERMANY, 149
Rofenbitrg and Egeln to Magdeburg ; the latter of which was annexed to it
lb early as the year 141 7.
§. 3- The Counts of Barby enjoyed both feat and voice among the Counts
of Wejlphalia, and in the Diets of Upper-Saxony, and paid to a Rotnan
month twenty florins ; but all this at prefent is devolved on the houfe of
Saxony, which, on account alfo of Barby, is aflefled to the chamber of
Wetzlar in twenty-one rixdollars, twenty-eight kruitzers.
§. 4. The county at prefent belongs to the circular bailiwick of Wittenberg,
and contains under it
Barby, a town, fituated not far from the Elbe, which in thefe parts is
joined by the Saale. In this town is an old caftle and two churches, with
a fuperintendency prefiding over the eight churches in the county.
The church-villages of Befedau, Felgeleben, Fem7nelte, Tomiz, Werklitz,
and Wefpen.
The Lordfloip of the Count ö/'Reussen.
§. I.
C^
that part of the Vogtland ftill belonging to the Count of Reujfen,
^-^ Homanns heirs have publiflied a pretty good map, which conftitutes
the
fifty-ninth in the yltlas of Germany.
§. 2. The lordfliips of Gera, Greitz, Schleitz, and Lobenßein, belonging
to the Count of Reuffen, form a confiderable part of the Vogtland, which
received its name from their predecefTors, to whom it entirely belonged, and
was a part of the Oßerland, fee Vol. V. It is environed by the Saxon circles
of the Erzgebirg, the Vogtland, and the Neußadt ; as alfo by the principality
of Culmbach, the diocefe of Batnberg, the Saxon bailiwick of Saalfeld, the
bailiwick of Leutenberg, the principality of Altenburg, and the bailiwick of
Tjeitz. The Neußadt circle feparates the lordOiip of Gera from the other
lofdfhips here, which are all contiguous.
§. 3. It is very hilly, and abounds in woods, but the former cannot be
faid to be altogether unfruitful, as producing either trees and plants, or
being improved by tillage. In fome parts Hkewife they yield copper, iron,
lead, and filver, with other minerals, fuch as alum. Here is alfo no want
of any kind of provifions ; the fields affording grain and efculent herbs ;
the fine paftures in the valleys, droves of excellent cattle ; the woods plenty
of venifon and game, and the waters all kinds of fifh. The principal rivers
are, the Elßer, which rifes in the circle of the Vogtland, in the electorate
of Saxony, and after traverfing the lordfhips of Greitz and Gera,
pafles on into the bailiwick of Zeitz ; and the Saale, which comes out of
the principality of Culmbach, and running through the lordfliips of Lobenßein
and Burg, afterwards pafles into the bailiwick of Ziegenruck.
§. 4. Thefe

5°
GERMANY. [Reuflen.
§. 4. Thefe lordfliips contain under thenti nine boroughs, three markettowns,
two hundred and thirty-one villages, thirty-eight farms and eftates
belonging to the Count, and feventy-five noble manors. The Count of
Reußen and his fubjeds proftk Lutberanifm. At the town where the Count
refides is a fuperintendency, and a Latin I'chool ; and at Gera is a gymnajium
ilhijlre. The fine manufactures here of cloth, ftuffs, and ftockings, in
conjundion with the iron mills,
are of great advantage to the country, very
confiderable quantities of the goods made here being exported.
§. 5. The name oi t.\-\Q P^'ygtland (in Latin, T'erra advocatonim) fignifies
the country pofleficd by the ancient advocates of the empire, who were pre-
to the prefent Counts oi R(ufc77, and muft not, as it often is, be con-
decefTors
founded with Varifcia. But the Cownis oi Rctijfen at prefent enjoy only a
part of it. (§.2.) The greatelt part of this country, as namely JVeyda, JVerda,
Plauen, Voigtsberg, Ziigenruck, Triptis, and Aima, with their dependencies,
belong to the electoral houfe of Saxony. The Marggraves of Bran-
Amburg-Culmbach are poflefled of the lordlhip of Hof, and the lordfhip of
Ronnetiirg is vefted in the houfe of Saxc-Gotha. What the name and dignity
of a vugt imported in thofe ancient vogts of the empire, is not yet
agreed among the learned. One of the mod probable conjedures is, that
this dic^nity of a vogt was an hereditary office belonging to the empire, and
the vogts themfelves fubordinate to the Palatine of the RJ.nt7e, as arch-vogt
of the empire. No lefs uncertainty is there concerning the epocha of this
title, though it appears to have been ufed in the eleventh century, the
ancient ftatutesof the town oiWcyda having been given to it in 1027, by Henry
Vogt o( fVeyda. Towards the middle of the fourteenth century this title
was difcontinued. The moft ancient refidences of the vogts of the empire,
known with any certaintv, were the town and burg of'£//z(^^r^ and J'Feydai
lee Vol. V. Hemy Vogt-Count of U/krrct, (or Oßerode) and Lord of P^auen^
who lived in the latter end of the eleventh and the beginning of the twelfth
century, left a fon named Henry the Wealthy, and divided the whole Vogtland
among his four fons, the elded of whom became Vogt and Lord of
Weyda; the fecond. Lord and Vogt oi Plauen; the third, Vogt and Lord
oiGreitz; and the fourth, Vogt and Lord of G^r/?. The third line of thefe
Vogts became extind in 1236 in the fon of its founder, the firft in 1535,
and the fourth in 1550. Thus the only remaining line was the fecond,
or that of Plauen, which, in the grandfons of its founder, became divided
into the elder and younger lines. Of thefe, the former, in J 426,
obtained the burgravate oi Met fen, and with it the dignity of Princes, but
failed in 1572; the latter, that is to fay, the proper line oi Reufz- Plauen,
is dill in being, and derives its origin from Henry the Yamger, furnamed
the Rußan, Riijc, Ruzzo, &c. as his fecond brother, who died without
iliue, was likewife called the Bohemian. From him mod probably is derived

;
ReufTen.] GERMANY. 151
rived their prefent ufual name of Reufz or Rutheims. One of the defcendants
of this laft mentioned Vogt, in 1453, purchafed the upper lorddiip of
Kranichfeld ; but this foon after was alienated, fee Vol. V. tliough the family
of Reiij-:!^ ftill lay claim to the lower lordlhip of Kranichfeld. Hem-y Reufz,
Lord oi Plauen, Grcitz, and Kranichfeld, who died in 1535, left three
fons, who founded three lines, namely, the fenior, middle, and junior
but ofthefethe middle became ex tindt in 1616; the two others are ftill
exiftent. The fenior Reufz-Plauen line is again divided into thofe of Vl^per
and Lower-Greitz. In 1647 the junior Raifz-Plamn line was divided
into thofe of Grra, Saalkirg, Schkitz, and Lobcnßein. l"he third, in 1666,
expired with its founder, on which the Saalhurg line obtained the name of
Scblcitz, of which that of Ko/irifz is a collateral branch. The Lobcnßein
line has been again lubdivided into thofe of Lobcnßein, Hirfchberg, ' and
Eberjdorf, but the fecond is become extincft ; and of the firft, that of Selbitz
is a collateral branch. In 1673 the Emperor Leopold revived the title
of Count in the whole family of Reufz-Plauen. It is remarkable, that
ever fuice the eleventh century, all the males of this family have borne
the name of Henry, without any other ; for which no reafon that may be
depended upon can be affigned. At firft the feverai perfons in it were
diftinguiihed by naming them after their age, the fenior, middle, ox junior,
but afterwards other lurnames were ufed, as xk\t ivcaltky, the red haired
the /a(, the tall, &c. At length the diftindion was made by numbers,
and in 1668 it was agreed that the elder and younger line fhould number,
each in particular for themfelves, by which means it fumetimes happens
that the Counts of both lines bear the fame number. Every branch of
this capital line does not number its fons diüinäly, but names accordintr
to the feverai fons of the faid line, numbering them agreeably to their fuccefTive
births in the whole capital line. In 1700 it was agreed to number
up to a hundred, unlefs their defcendants fliould think proper to make
fome alteration.
§. 6. The title affumed in common by the whole houfe runs thus,
Henry-Reujz Count and Lord of Plauen, Lord of Greitz, Kranichfeld, Gera,
Schkitz and Lobenjiein. Their arms are quarterly in the hrrt: and fourtli
quarter diamond, a rampant lion topaz crowned ruby ; in the fecond and
third pearl, a crane topaz. The oldefl ruling 'Lord of the whole houfe
is termed the elder of the fimily, and the eldeft ruling Lord of the fecond
capital line is appointed for his adjunft.
§. 7. The patrimonial Lordlhips here confifted formerly of three imperial
eftates, which were poflelTcd in ablolute property ; but towards tlie
clofe of the fourteenth century, thcfe were ceded as fiefs to the crown of
Bohemia, the Marggraves of Meifen, and the Landgraves of I'buringin,
fo that ever fince, they have been held as arriere fiei's of the empire, and
at prefent are received as fiefs from the crown of Bohemia only. But
4 the

1^2 G E R M A N r. [Reufl'cn.
the regalia among which is the right of-minage and coinage, together
with the fovereignty, depend folely on the Emperor and Empire.
§. 8. In the imperial Diet the Reufaen family fits in the college of the
Counts of the Wetterau, This family is alfo poflefled of a feat and voice in
the Diet of Upper Saxony. The affeffment of it in the matricula of the
Empire, if we dedudl that of Kranichfe/d, amounts to eighty-ciglit florins
for each Roman month. In time of war it furniflies, in conjunction with
the Prince of Schwarzburg, a regiment of fix companies, confifting in all
of I coo men, and of thefe its quota is one third or tv/o companies, which,
number it alfo conftantly keeps on foot in time of peace. To the chamber
at Wetzlar it pays fifty-nine rixdoUars fifty-four one-third kruitzers.
§. 9. Each of the two ruling Counts of the chief line, has his regency
and confiftoryj and the younger chief lines, have in the town of Gera one
common regency and confiftory, and with regard to certain incomes, likewife
one common receiver's office.
§. 10. We now come to the divifions, and more circumftantial account
country.
of tills
The Senior Chief Line
Is poffeffed of the lordfliips of Greitz and Burg, with a part alfo of the
diftridt of Reichenfels, and in thefe
I. Both branches of this capital Line are proprietors of
The town of Greitz or Graitz, more properly called Grewitz or Chreivitz,
feated on the river Elßer, in a valley environed by woods and mountains.
The little river which runs through it, falls into the Elßer. It confifts of
about four hundred and fifty houfes, which have been improved from
time to time. Here is alfo a fuperintendency and a handfome church,
and fince the year 1735, the town has been endowed with a Lati}i-khoo\,
which is under good regulations, and an orphan houfe. The principal
part of its trade confifts in fluffs and manufa

;
Reußen.] GERMANY. 153
IL The U P P E R-G R E irz Line, is particularly
poflefied
1. The bailiwick of Upper-Greitz, containing
Grochlitz, a farm belonging to the Count, with fifteen villages. Among
thefe latter are the parochial villages of Naitfchau, Schonbach and Polwitz.
At Bernfgriin is a nobleman's feat, and in the Littk-Rcinscio?-f lies the
filver mountain, where mine-works have been frequently carried on.
2. The bailiwick of Dolau, to which belongs
Dolau, a village, having an old caftle, together with a farm and a
flieep-walk.
The parochial villages of Doh'a and Frobersgrun, in the latter of which is
a noble manor, as alfo one half of Frijau, on the other fide of the Saale^
near Lobenjhin., with fix other villages, of which Gablau contains a
confiderable farm, and the farm oi Ifabellengriind'wi the Streiticalde, which
is fituated on the Saale.
Zeulenroda, a town feated on an eminence, in a mountainous and
woody country. This town confifl:s of about three hundred and fifty houfes
and cxclufive of its parochial-church, contains one other church, an almfhoufe,
and a houfe of corredion. It is likewife noted for its ftuff manufaftures,
and efpecially for its ftockings, which are exported to all parts.
It has alfo a confiderable annual fair for horned cattle, and formerly belo'nged
to the lordftiip of Schleitz.
About half an hour's diftance to the north on the river Weyda, is an
alum-mine.
To the Vpper-Greitz part likewife belong thirteen nobleman's feats
and manors, as namely Under -Zoppote?}^ which is parochial, Hohen-Oelfen, one
half of which is a fief to Saxony, as is alfo the parifli oS. Pcßerßein, in old
records called fimply Stein, a confiderable manor belonging to one of the
Counts, and Flemings onehalf of which is a fief of the principality ofAltcnburg.
The two villages of Liinzlg and Cojjengrun, in which are demefnes, belonged
alfo formerly to noblemen.
IIL The UNDER-GREJTZ Line, is pofTeiTcd
I. Of the bailiwick of Under-Greitz, to which is sdded that of Rctenthal,
containing
Fraureiith,
of
a market-town having a parifii-church.
Irckiviiz and Polltz, two village^, in which are eftates and houfes belonging
to
the Counts.
Rctenthal, a village with an old caflle in it, which was once the refidence
of a collateral line.
Vol. VI. -X Pxhßkij,

154 GERMANY. [Reuflui.
Reimdorf, Ilermamgriin and Tjchmna, all parochial villages : together
with
The villages of Schonfeld and Reutnitz, in each of which arc two feats
belonging to noblemen : and
Eleven other villages.
2. Of the bailiwick or lordfliip of Burg, formerly belonging to the
lordHiip of SchleitZy from which it was feparated in 1572 on the extinction
of the burgrave Mtv^cw-line of the houfe of Reu/z-PIauefi, at which
time it palled to the lordfliip of Greitz. In this bailiwick are great numbers
of iron-works of varioire kinds, with ovens belonging to the Prince, The
places worth notice in it arc
Btirg or Biirgk, a caflle belonging to the Prince, (landing on a high
and fteep rock, and formerly a fortrefs. In the fixteenth and feventeenth
century, this caftle was the refidence of a collateral branch, on the extinction
of which together with its bailiwick, it efcheated to Count Henry
XIII, of the Under-Greitz line, whofe fon Count Henry III. has greatly
improved it, particularly with the addition of an entire new wing. In it
is an old chapel, and the bailiwick office is likewife kept here. To it alfo
belongs a farm.
Mofchlilz, a market-town containing a parochial-church.
The parochial-village of Crijpendorf, in which is a feat and garden belonging
to the Count, together with thofe of Neuendorfs Plothen, Remptendorf
&nä one half of Frz/^a : as alfo
Six other villages and two noblemens feats. Near the village of Upper-
Zoppoten is an alum mine-work.
II. The Junior Capital Line.
I. And that of GERA.
I. The lordfhip of Gera, contains under it
I. Gera, a town feated in a pleafant vale near the £/y/fr. Its houfes,
which are moftly of flone, are lofty and well built, infomuch that for its
beauty it is called Little-Leipzig. On the market-place here, is a very
{lately houfe belonging to the Count, exclufive of the great church and
that of St. Nicholas. In the town too are three others, namely one at the
houfe of corredlion, another in the orphan-houfe, and the third in the
JJnder-Haiife, by which name the houfes reaching from the end of the
town to Öflerßein are called. Here is alfo a fuperintendency, together
with the joint regency of the junior chief lines, a joint confiftory, and a
ioint Gymnaßum illußre, and every fixth year the junior capital lines hold
a Diet. The principal trade of the inhabitants confifls in cloths and fluffs»,
which being greatly valued, occafion a confiderable trade.
Oßerßein,

Reuflen.]
GERMANY.
Oßcrßein, a feat belonging to the Count, ftands on an eminence without
the town and has a church.
2. Langenbergy a fmall town feated on a hill, near which are feen the
remains of a caftle j with its dependency is called the government of Lan~
genberg. At this place is a demefne eftate.
3. Dienz, a demefne eftate with a new feat in it, and twelve other
demefne eftates, which were never noble manors.
4. Seventy-eight villages and thirty-fix noble manors ; of which
1. Thirty-eight lye on the weft fide of the Eißer ; among them is
Koßriz, a large parochial-village, feated on the EIßer, and the upper
and middle part of which belong to the family of Wolframfdorf, but the
lower part to a collateral line of the houfe of Schkitz, who have a very
handfome feat here with an elegant garden.
Caajchivitz, containing a noble manor and a 'filial church, Seiffartjdorf
hS
having a parochial church, Rtiderßierf, Kraftfdorß, Frankenthal and T^iefchirtz,
all containing churches of their own, together with Hennjdorf^ ia
which are two noble manors, &c.
2. On the eaft fide forty, among which are the villages of Dorna^
Hirj'chfeld, Roben, Rofchitz, Roßtz, all containing parilli churches.
II, The bailiwick of Saalburg lies on the Saale, and till the
year 1572 belonged to the lordfhip 01 Schleitz, but fince 1666 has beea
conftantly in the pofleffion of the Gera-YmQ. This bailiwick contains under it
Saalburg, a fmall town feated on an eminence near the river Saale, over
which it has a bridge. In the year 1640 this town was laid in afhes by
the Swedes. The firfi: of the three paftors here, is likcwife infpedor of
the churches of the bailiwick.
Seiibtendorf, a parochial-village, containing a demefne eftate, Poritfch a
village, alfo containing a demefne eftate and five other villages. The convent
of Heil Kriitz or the holy-crofs lies about three quarters of an hour's
diftance from Saalb'ur^.
' Ü'
I. The S C H L E IT Z Line, is porieffea of
I. The lordfliip of Scbleitz, in which is
Schleitz,
properly called Schleioifz, a town lying fomewhat low in the TVeifenthal.
It is divided into the old, and new Hc7iry town, befiJes which it has a
fuburb, Exclulive too of the great church here, here are two others, one of
which called the hill-church fiands without the town, and was built in 1206 ;
this church is the burial place of the Counts of

56 G E R M A N T. [ReufTen.
are to be reckoned the woollen manufactures here. In the year 1689
Schleitz fuftered confiderably by a fire.
STanna, a fmall town fituated in a pleafant country.
Gorgwifz, a town containing iron-works. In the neighbourhood of
this town are
Twenty-fcven villages, among which are the parochial villages o^ DitterJdorf\
Gojchitz,. Ktrlchkaii, Lcitlitz, Lohma, Mielefdorf] Oetferfdorf, OJchitz,
Roderfdorf, Under-Koskau, &c. Of thefe, five have noble feats.
II. Of the government of Reichenjeis, which belongs to the collateral
^ line of Koßritz, and contains under it
Reichenfels, an old caftle {landing on an eminence.
Markt- Hohenleuhen, a market-town, which is the feat of a jufiiciary
court, under the Ko/lniz-line, and in the parifli-church of which is their
hereditary burial-place.
The parochial villages of Triebs and Langeriwctzendorf, with fix other
villages, of which Mehla and Bruckia, are under the fovereignty of the
Upper-Greitz line, as alio divers fingle farms and mills. Laflly
Of the eight noble manors in this government, fix belong to the
Kißritz-X\ViZ.
III. The LO B E N STE I N Line.
The lordlliip of Lobenßeln, came in 1550 on the failure of the old Gera
line, to that of Flauen, and was twice mortgaged by the laft Burgrave of
MeiJJm of the Plaite?2-\\r\t ; namely in 1567 to the Count of Schwarzburg of
Leutenberg, and in 1670 to the Vitzthume of Rckfladt. On the death of the
Burgrave in 1572, it efcheated to the fenior and junior lines of Reufz-
Plauen, who redeemed it and held it jointly till
1595, when by an
agreement it was affigned to the younger line only, in which branch it has
hitherto continued. This lord(hip has further been divided into the
following diftrids :
viz.
I. Into the proper lordihip of Lobenßeii7, containing
Lobenflein, a town feated on tlie Lemnitz, and confifting of about four
hundred houfes. In this town is a refidence-palace, together with the
houfe of Chrißianzell belonging to the Count, as alfo a bailiwick-office, a
fuperintendency at the town church, and a Latin fchool. In the years
1714 and 1732, the greatefl: part of it was deflroyed by fire, and in the
firfi: of th,efe calamities the Count's own refidence was deftroyed.
The parochial-village of Harre, in which is a farm belonging to the
Count, together with thofe of Heinrichsdorf, Ruppersdorf and Frojpfi, the
living of which laft place is in the gift of the Marggrave of Brandenburg-
Cuhnbach. To this part alfo belongs the village o^Tbierbach with a farm in
it, which is the property of the Count, twelve other villages, in which are
three

Schonburg.] GERMANY. 157
three noble manors, five farms appertaining to the Courit, three iron mills
and feveral fingle houfes.
II. Into the lordfliip of Eberfdot-f, containing
1. The bailiwick oi Eberfdorf, in which is
Eberfdorf] a 1 irge parochial-village, having a manfion-houfe belonging
to the Counts. The Moravians have built themfelves fome fpacious edifices
here. Eberjdorf \% alfo the feat of an ecclefiaflical infpedtion.
The parochial villages of Gabme and Titfchendorf.
Together with eight other villages; and
Five places and manors belonging to noblemen ; of which Wurzbach
and Alten-Gefajz contain parochial churches. The former is noted for its
knit-ftockings, and has alfo two iron-works belonging to it, with a public
oven:
laflly
Several fingle farms.
2. The government of Hirfchbcrg, which with refpedl to its dominium
direifum, was conferred by the crown oi Bohemia in 1549 on the houfe of
Reujz-Plauen., but the King retained to himfelf the fupreme infeoffnient of
it. In 1663 the Lobenßein line of the houfe of Flauen purchafed likewife
the dotninium utile, from the family of Beulwitz, and have continued the
proprietors of it to this very day. In this government lies
Hirjchberg, a fmall town feated among mountains, and containing a
manfion-houfe, which is the property of the Counts. In the year 1750
this town fufFered greatly by fire. Stocking knitting furnifhes a confiderable
trade here. The advowfon of the church belongs
O to the Magsrave CO of
Brandenburg- Culmbach.
Eight villages, in which are three noble manors 3 and
Two fingle farms with fome houfes.
The Lordßips of the Counts of S c H o N b u ii g .
§. i.^T^HE lordrtiips belonging to the Counts of Schonburg, lie in the
-*
Erzgebirg circle of the marggravate of Meiffen. The maps publiflied
of it, are thofe of Seutter and Schreiber.
§. 2. In thefe lordfiiips are fourteen towns, in which all forts of manufactures
fiourifih. The inhabitants are Lutherans, as are likewife the Counts,
the defcendants of Chrißian Henry of the Waldenburg line excepted, who
profefs the Roman catholic
religion.
§. 3. The aiictfiors of the ancient jD)'«^

158 GERMANY. [Schonburg.
maiider In chief againft the Sorb-Wcndi. Geringfwalde has been one of the
moll: ancient refidcnccs of the Schonburg family in Meißen. Frederick Lord
of Schonburg, who died in 13B3, was the founder of the piefent houfe of
Schonburg, which is now divided into Schonburg-Waldcnburg and Schonburrr-Penipk.
The prelent chief line of Schonhiirg-Waldenburg was founded by Otho
Lewis, who in 1700 was created a Prince of the Empire, and in
his four fons was divided into four other lines, Count George Albert founding
that of Hartenjh'in, Count Olho IVilliatn that of Lichtenßein, Count
Lewis Frederick that of Siein or Rujdorf, and Count Cbrißian Henry that
of
Widdenburg.
The direft line of Schonburg-Penigk, had for its founder Wolfgang third
fon Xo Erneß, who died in 1534. Among his grand-children, by his fon
Wolfgang the younger, notice is to be particularly taken of Wolfgang Erneß,
as the founder of the Remfa line, and likewife of Wolfgang Henry, who
gave rife to that of Penigk, both which were in the year 1700 raifed to be
Counts of the Empire. Of the Remfa line was defcended Count Cbrißian
Erneß, w!io died in 171 H, and his lordfliips of Glaucha, Remiffau and
Rocbiburg at length devolved on his grandfons, by his fon Otho Erneß,
namely on the Counts Henry Erneß, Albert Cbrißian Ernefi, and John
Erneß ; the Penigk line, has in Count Samuel Henry and Wolfgang Henry,
fons to its founder, undergone a fecond divifion, into thofe of Wechjelburg
and Penigk.
§. 4. The arms for Schonburg are quite plain, being only harry, ruby
and pearl.
§, 5. The Counts of Schonburg fit at the Diet among the Wetterau
Counts, and have alfo both feat and voice in the Diets of Upper Saxony,
but therein are the laft. Their- alTeffrnent in the matricula of the Empire
is forty florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar they pav twenty-feven rixdollars.
fix kruitKcrs.
§. 6. Of the Schonburg lorddiips fome are arriere fiefs of Saxony, others
belong to the Empire, and are received from the crown of Bohemia, as fliall be
Ihown under the account of each lordlhip. The fovereignty over them all is
lodged in the Eledlor of Saxony, the Counts of Scbonburg, being only reckoned
in the fnft clafs of the States ofthat elecflorate, and annexed to the bailiwick
ofZwickaUj'm the circle ofErzgebirg, but at Glaucha have a joint regency
and confiftory over the ecclefiallical infpedions of Glaucha, Hartenßein,
Lichtenßein, Lofznilx and Waldeftburg^wh'Mih. comprehend under them fortyfour
churches. The Penig inlpeftion however is fubjecl to the Leipzig confiftory,
and contains eighteen churches under it
within the county of Schonburg.
§. 7. In order to give a more particular defcription of the Schonburg
lordlhip we Ihall divide it into two principal parts, beginning with thoie
belonging
I. To

Schonburg.] GERMANY, 159
I. To the Direa Line of SCHONBURG-
TVA LDENBURG, namely,
I. The lorddiip of WaJdenbiirg, which is received from the crown of
Bohemia, as an arriere fief of the Empire, and contains under it
I. WaUenburg,^ fmall town feated on the Mulde, and having a manfionhoufe
of the Counts, with a fuperintendency, which prefides over ehven
churches. In the year 1717 this place fufFeied greatly by fire.
The old town of Waldenburg, which Hes diredtly fronting Waldenburg on
the other fide of the Mulde, is famous for its brown and white earthen
ware, which confifts of vefi^els for laboratories and apothecaries-rtiops,
together with pots of feveral kinds, fuch as pitchers, drinking vefiels, ^c.
Old-Walde?iburg, a village and farm lying not far from Waldenburg, as alfo
The church villages of Fraiiken, Grumhach, Laugenberg, Niederwinkel,
Pajf'rcda,
Schivaben and Vielau.
II. The lordfiiip of Hartenßcin, which is properly a part of the lower
county oi Hartenßein, and a fief of Saxony. Formerly the whole county '
oi Hartenßein belonged to the burgravate of Meißen, fee Vol. V. but in 1406
devolved with right of redemption to Veit Lord of Schonburg, and in
1417 came entirely to him, at which time he was alfo inverted with it, at
Coßanz by the Emperor Sigißnund. The burgravate defcended to Henrv
the Elder Lord oi Plauen, who laid claim likewife to the county oi Hartenßein,
but in 1439 an agreement was made by which the Burgrave married
his daughter Ann to Veit Lord of Schoiiburg, and gave her as a portion,
his pretenfions to Hartenßein. In 1559 the Eletflor Augußus purchafed
the upper county with a part alfo of the lower, and added one part of it,
that is to fay the little mine-town of Elterlein to the bailiwick of Grunlayn,
and another, namely the bailiwick of Crottendorf, to the circular
bailiwick of Sclnvarzenberg, fee Vol. V. The part of the lower countv
which the Counts of Schonburg are fhll poflefied of, and which conftitutes
a bailiwick is a fief of Saxony, and contains under it
1. Hartenßein, a fmall town in which is a refidence of the Counts.
This place is alfo the feat of an eecieliafiical infpeöion, which prefides
over five churches.
2. The church villages of Beuthe and Mulfen, with the two churches
of St. Nicholas and St. "James, to which is to be added I'hierfeld.
III. The loidlhip of Stein, which is alfo received from the crown of
Bohemia, as an Imperial arriere fief, and likewife forms a bailiwick,
containing
Stein, A caftle fented on an eminence near the river Mulde.
Lozfnitz, a fmall town in which is an.ecclefiaftical infpedion prefiding
ever

i6(j GERMANY.
[Schonburg.
over five churches. Exclufive of the town church, here is alfo another at
the ahns-houfe. Lofanitz carries on a good trade in cloth.
3. Tlie church villages of hangenbach and Wildbach.
IV. The lordriiip of Lichteiijlein, which is alio received from the crown
of Bohemia as an imperial fief, and conftitutes a bailiwick, in which is
L^cbtenßein, a palace belonging to the Count and feated on a hill, at
the foot of which lies a fmall town, with an ecclefiaftical infpedlion in it,
prefiding over feven churches. The caflle here was at firft called Pir-
J'chenflcin.
Callcnberg, a fmall town.
The church-villages of BernfdorJ\ Gerjdorf, Upper-Lungivitz, and St.
Micheln.
Rodlitz, a village, having an abbey ; and
Rufzdorf, a feat and village.
II. The following b long to
The S C H N B U RG - P £ TV / G iT direcl Line, viz,
I. The lordfliip of Glaitchc?, which is received from the crown of Bohemia
as an arriere fief of the empire, and contains under it four towns and
eleven church-villages. This lordfliip is divided into the anterior and
hinder parts. The former of thefe parts was obtained by Count Albert
Chrijlian Erneß of the Remja line, as his abfolute and hereditary property,
by virtue of an agreement concluded with his brother in 1751 ; the latter
was divided between the two branches of the Feiiigk line.
1. To the anterior and hinder parts belong in common
Glauchay or Glauchau, in ancient records ftiled Chichczce, a town iituated
on the Mulde^ and containing Schonburg, a caflle, belonging to the Count.
This place is the feat of the joint regency and conliftory of the Counts of
Schouburg, and has an ecclefiafhcal infpection prefiding over fifteen churches.
It makes alfo a coarfe fort of yarn, which is much ufed in divers Ibrts of
nianufadures. In the year 17 12 the greatefl: part of this place was dellroycd
by fire.
Merafia, originally Mer, Meer, Meher, Mehre ox Mare, a finall town, feated
on a hill. The prefent nsme of this place, which is alfo written Meran.,
&:c. was firll: given it in the fixteenth century.
2. To the hinder part fingly belongs
Enijihiil, a fmall town, fituated near Hchenßein., and fo named from its
founder, Count C/77/?/(2« Er/^f/*?, of the i^r/;//'^ line, who died in 171 8.
3. To the two divifions of the anterior part belongs
Hohenßein, a fmall town.
4. Some villages here belong both to the Penigk and Wechfelburg particular
divifion of the anterior part.
II.
The

Hemy's
1
Schonbiirg.] GERMANY. 16
II. The lordfliip or bailiwick of Remfa, which is a fief of Saxony, and
was formed out of a Be?iedi5fi?ie nunnery at Rcmj'a, and the eflatcs belonging
to it. This lordfliip, together with the villages of Wicrau, Braunfdorf,
and Heyerfdo?-/, the two firit of which belonged to the convent of Ga-p/gfwalde
in the bailiwick of Borna, were fold by the Elector Jobn Frederick,
in the year 1543, to the Lord of Schonburg, for the fum of 20098 florins,
nine grofchens, and four pfennings, referving however to himfelf and liis
heirs the whole fovereignty, with all the regalia, taxes, duties and contributions
therein. To it belongs
Remfa, by fome called alfo Remißa and Remißau, a village, feated on
the river Mulde. The convent here is at prefent converted into a manfionhoufe
for the Counts ; with
The villages of Oberivieraii, Oberici?2kel, I'ettau, 6cc.
III. The lordilnip of Pentgk^ which is a Saxon fief, formerly belonged
to the Burgraves of Leifznig, and on their extinction, in 153S, fell to
the Lord Paramount George Duke of Saxofiy, whofe brother fon,
,
named Duke Maurice, made an exchange of it, in 1543, with the brothers
George, Hauck and PVolf, Lords of Schonburg, Glaiicha and Waldenburg,
and the lawful heirs of their body, for the bailiwicks of Hohenjlein, Lomen
and Wehlen, and, in 1548, granted it as a male fief unto them, referving
only to himfelf the territorial fovereignty, knight fervicc, attendance, and
contributions therein. To this lordlhip belongs
Penigk or Penig, a town, fituated on the river Mulde, and containing
two feats in it, with an ecclefiaflical infpedion, which prefides over eighteen
churches. This town is annexed to Schonburg.
Old-Penig, on the other fide of the Mulde, being a fuburb, in which
are made fome good woollen fluffs of various forts, as alfo beautiful pots
and jugs. The hard flones dug betwixt this town and Rochsburg, ferve
chiefly for mortars in apothecaries fliops, and for the poliiliing of other
ftones. In the year 1748 a great part of this place was deftroyed by fire.
The church-villages of Braunfdorf, Hartmanfdorf, Markerfdorf, Muhky
and Tiaura : with
Zinnevherg, a feat on a hill near the Mulde.
IV. The lordfliip of Rochsburg, which is a fief of 5'tfÄ.wzv, and formerly
belonged to the Burgraves of Leifznig, from whom it came at length to
the houfe of Saxofiy, who again alienated it. In the year 1566 this Lordfliip
was purchafed by the Lords of Schonburg. In it is
Rochsburg, a fmall town, fituated on the Mu/de, with a feat in it belonging
to the Count.
Lunzcnau, alfo a fmall town, which originally, and that fo early as the
year 1327, was only a village called Muhlhatifen, but by the Burgrave
Otho of Leifznig, was raifed to be a town, under its prefent name. In this
Lordfliip is only one church, and that a filial of the church of Roihsbtag.
Vol. VI. Y Burgstadf,

i62 GERMANY. [Hohnftein.
Burgßadt, alfo called Burgßadtd, a fmall town, in which are fome
fluff manufadtures.
Upper-Elfdorf, a village, containing a church.
V. The lorddiip of Wechfelburg, which is a fief of the Eledlor of Saxony,
and contains under it
Wechfelburg, a fmall town, feated on an eminence near the river Mulde,
with a refidentiary feat in it belonging to the Counts. In this town formerly
was a convent of regular canons, which was firft converted into a
commandery of the Teutonick order, and at length into a Saxon bailiwick,
on which, together with the villages and eftates belonging to it, it was
transferred to the Lords of Scbonlmrg.
The church-villages of Claufznitz, Hohenkirchen, Naunhayn, Wiederau,
Xiegelheim, &c.
Obf. The anceftors of the prefent Counts of Schonburg were pofTeffed
of other eftates here, as namely of the bailiwick of Borna, which was mortgaged
to them, of Crimmitzfchau, Geringf'walde, Waldheim, the caftle_ of
Haffcnßein, in Bohemia, and Deutfch-WieJenthaL
The County «j/'Hohnsteinj
With the Lordiliips of Lora and Klettenberg.
§. I. '"T^HESE territories lie in Thuringia, being environed to the
^ north by a part of the principality oißchwarzburg, the diocefe
of Eichsfelde, and Walkenried, the dutchy of Brunfwick, the principality of
Blannburg, and the county of Stollherg.
§.2. In them are divers mountains and eminences, notwithftandingwhich
the foil is fruitful and improved to the beft advantage ; the liarplus
of their grain here being exported to the iizrx: 2lx\A Nordhaufen. Their
paftures likewife afford the inhabitants plenty of good cattle ; the woods
are large, and in fome parts very profitable. Thefe territories abound
likewife in deer and all forts of game. In feveral parts of them is found
good alabafter, with a kind of jafper and iron oar. In the lordfhip oi Klettenberg
are the fources of the Helme and Zorge ; and the lordfhip of Lora
is watered by the Wipper, which runs through it.
§. 3. In thefe countries are five towns and two borroughs, with a great
number of nobility. The inhabitants are Lutherans, excepting a few Cal~
vini/is who dwell in the Lordfl^ps of Lora and Klettenberg. Some places
here have good manufadures and fabricks.
§.4. The defcent of the ancient Counts of üZ^j/j/t/?«/?, with that of the
Landgraves of T^huringia, is let in a moft honourable light in tlie manufcripts
of Berthcld the monk, Reinhard Brumis chronicle, and Mr. CounfelLoE
Scheldt's preface to it, which, as that worthy gentleman was pleafed
to

Hohnftein.] GERMANY. 163
to communicate It to me, I fhall here give an abftradl of, at the fame time
corredling what I faid concerning the defcent of Lewis Long-beard, Count
of T'hiiringia. This Lewis and his brother Charles were fons to the unfortunate
Duke CZ^ör/f^ of Lorrain, the laft of the Car/(iV!77gian race, and
were excluded from the throne of France. They addrefied themfelves to
Conrad II. King of Germany, his confort Gife/a being their near relation ;
and that Prince conferred the land of Tkiringia on Lewis Long-beard, as a
county, on which he married Cecilia, heirefs to Satigerhäufen. Their eidcu:
fon Lewis II. or the Leper, became the founder of all thefe fucceeding Landgraves
of Thuringia, From Conrad, fon to Beringer of SangerhauJ'en, their
fecond fon (who according to Eccard, in his Hiß. General, p.p. Saxonice fuperionis,
p. 339, died without heirs) are defcended the Counts of Hohnßein,
and their daughters; Uta ox 'Jutta, was married to Thierry Count of Linderbeck,
the iflue of which marriage was Beringer, who had two fons, named
Lewis and Thierry, of whom the former was Count of Lare or Lora, and
the latter of Berka. Concerning a third fon of the name oi Conrad, and who,
according to fome, was the founder of the Counts of Hohnßein, the Monk
Berthold is wholly filent. On the other hand, Conrad the fon of Beringer,
who built the caflle of Hohnflein, appears, among other children, to have
had Eiliger I. who lived in the caflle of Ilburg, below which his fon
Eiliger II. built the convent of Ilfel, and afterwards afTumed the name of
Hohnßein, pofTibly from his reverfion of the Hohnßein eftates. The lordfliip
of Lora or Lare, at firfl: belonged to the landgravate of Thuringia.
The lineage of the above Count Lewis of Lare became extind; in his s^randfon
Count Albert, fo early as before the middle of the thirteenth century,
on which the lordfliip defcended to the Count of Beichlingen, till about
the middle of the fourteenth century, when Count Henry I. of Beichlingen
difpofed of it to t}i\t CoMX\t^ of Hohnßein ; it was anciently a fief of the
Eleftors of »S^A-5;2y, as Landgraves of Thuringia ; but in 1573, the Eledor
Augtßiis came to a commutative agreement with the chapter of Halberßadt,
by virtue of which he obtained the feudal fovereignty over the Halberßadt
fiefs belonging to the County of Man sf eld, and on the other hand
ceded to the faid chapter the feudal fovereignty of the lordihip of Lare,
together with the tovi^ns of Elrich and Bleicherode. The county of Klette7iberg
vj^i. zt firfi Ü fief of the archbilliopric of M^^i^if^wr^g-, but in 1257, —
became 4Dy exchange, a fief of the bifliopric of Halberftadt. Count Albert
of Klettenberg transferred to Count T/j;V;tj of Hobißein and his fon Albert,
the joint poflefTion of the \orAfh\^ of Klettefiberg ; ^v\A Count Co)irad
the laft of his line, in 1266, fully ceded, to the Counts of Hohnßein, his
remaining part of the lordQiip. Thefe lordfliips having in this manner
become the property of the Counts of Hohnßein, were afterwards divided
into two direct lines, in the perfon of Thierry VI. and Ulrich III. fons to
Thierry IV ; Hc77ry VII. fon to the former, founding the line of Hohnßein^
Y 2
Vierradt,

164. GERMANY. [Hohnftdn.
Fiermdt, and from Henry VIII. fon to the laiter, that of Hobnßcin-Lora
nwdi Klettenberg. The former of thefe lines failed in 1609, inthepeiioa
cf Martin Count of Hchn/Iein and Vierradt^ but the latter was becort)e cxtindt
before, in 159;^,
in Erncß Y\\. Count of Hobnßein. In this place
I (hall only mention tlie great divifion of the lands and ellatcs of the latter,
under the Lords Paramount. Henry Julius, Duke (;f Bninlicick, took jjoffefiion
of the caftle and bailiwick of Holmjlein, but Duke Auinißm the
elder afterwards made over the faid bailiwick to the Counts of Stollherg, as
will be feen more at large in the fequel. Of the lordfliips of Lora and
Klettenhc-rg, the Co'.m'i^ oi Sckivar'zburg and St o/iberg pofiefled theirifelves,
by virtue" of the union of inheritance which they concluded with the
Counts of Hbf'ßcin, and the joint feoffment which they had obtained
over them ; but Henry Julius, Duke of Brunjhoicii-Luneburg, and Bifliop of
Halberßadt, on whom, as bifhop, and with the confent of tlie chapter, his
15H3 had conferred the revcrhon, madehimfelf mafltr
father Duke Julius in
of them, and, as Duke oi Brunfwick, was invelfed therewith by the Chapter
o'i Hcilberßcdt. This occafioned a long procefs bstween the Counts of
Stollberg &vA Schwarzburg m the Aulick court, but at len/.th, in 1632, it
was terminated by an agreement : Duke Frederick Ulrich ceding to Lhe
Counts of Sclncarzhurg and StoHb rg, the lordlhip of Lora, as a fief of
Brunfwick JVolfenbuttel, tho' with a referve of the fovereignty and certain
taxes; hut the mines, contributions, tolls, condu6t-tax, and epifccpal
rights, the Counts were to hold. Tiie houfe of Brunfwick however retained
the lordlhip of Klettenberg, but with a promife that on the exiinction
of the Wolfenbuttel line, the Counts Oiould enter into the pofleffion of
it, and be inverted therewith by the houfe of Brunjwick-Luneburg, 6cc.
Accordingly in \b'x,\^Q Wolfenbuttel-\\v\t became extinft in the perlbn of
Duke Frederick Ulrich, but the loroQiips of Lora and Klettenberg rcefcheatcd
to the Chapter o'i Halberßadt, the Z^// line never making applicition
for the invtlliture of it ; and the Chapter, at the peace oiWeßphalia,
being afhgned to the Eleäoral houfe oi Brandeiiburg, as a temporal
principality ; the EkxHor Frederick V/ilUam, inftead of holding himlelf
bound bv the abovementioned compadt, in 1649, conferred the lordlhips.
of which the Counts of Schwarzburg had been dhpolTeßcd in the thirty
years war, on his privy counlellor John Count of Sayn and TVitgoßein, who
had been his envoy at the congrels of Weßphalia, which grant was confirmed
in 1653 by the Emperor Fc';-

Hohnftein.] GERMANY. 165
Emperor indeed, in 1674, promifed the houfes of Scbii\irzl)urg and SfoUberg
an indemnification for the lord(hips of Lora and Kletienherg, of
which they had been deprived, and which, at that time, were valued at
300,000 rixdollars. The bailiwick o^ Bociungen, on the death of the laH:
Count of Hcbnßcin, efcheated to the electoral houfc of Sa>:cny, by which it
was conferred as a fief on the houfe of Scbivarzhurg. The county of
Ltitierierg 2nd Sckarzfcld, the Dukes of Griihcnhagen have, taken pdlTeffion
of, notwithllanding that the Counts of StoUberg and Scbiüarzburg,
as united in a compaift of inheritance with the Counts oi Hobnßt'ni, liad, in
1490, 1530, 1568, and 1586, obtained the inveftiture, from them of the
iurifdidion of y^/Ar^/'c;-^. The Counts of Scbivarzbiirg-Sondcrjbaufai had
long fince received irom the Landgraves oi ließe one third, as a fief. The
remaining third they alio obtained from the Landgrave Maurice of ließ',
aiid' conferred it, together with the whole jurifdiclion, as an arricre fief, on
the fatifily
oi Mmigcrodc.
§. 5, The arms of the Counts of Hobnßein were a chequce of twelve
divilions ruby and pearl, and the crefi: liirmounted with a flag's branches,
one ruby, the other pearl. That of Lcra is in all refpedts the fame, but
Klettcnberg bears pearl, a fiag diamond.
§. 6. The Counts o^ Hohiißcin formerly fent a reprefentative to the Imperial
Diet, and likewife had a feat and voice in that of lJpper-Saxon\\
which privilege the eledloral houfe of Brandenburg was for continuing,
but has not yet been able to effeä; it. Tliefe lordfliips were aiTeffed in th;;
matricula of the empire at fifty-fix florins, but an exempcion fjr them
was obtained by the Eledfor o'i Brandenburg. To the chamber at Wetzlar
they pay thirty-feven rixdollars, feventy-nine kruitzers. The contributions
paid to the empire and circle, with the dues to the chamber of Weizhu\
payable by the county of Holjvßcin, are levied by the eledroral houfe of
Brunfwick-Luneburg, which reniits them to the Counts of Sfollbcrg^ who
make in the payments at the proper places.
§. 7. Vv'^e come now to give an account of
I. The proper County of HO HNSTE IN.
Which is a fief of the houfe o^ Brunfwiclc and Lüneburg. From Lcucb:-
Jelis Antiquität. Ilßidenf. p. 7, and Sc/jeidt's olferi-ations en Mcfer's introduBicii
to the public!: law of Brunjimck and Ltmeburg, page 255,
it appears that
the Counts of Hobnßein were not only fiefs to LLmry the Lion, as Duke of
Saxony-, but likewife that thefe Counts, together with their county, belonged to
that eleäorate, as a part of the inheritance of Catlcnburg and Northcim ; as in
the partition of the inheritance of his fons, the caftle of Hobnßein is expreily
mentioned, and conftiiutcs a part of tlie inheritance of Otbo IV.
King of the Romans. Otho the Child making a tender of his hereditary pof-,
feflions to the Emperor and empire, as a fief, which was followed by the
erection

1 66 GERMANY. [Hohnftcin.
erefllon of the dutchy of Brunfivick, Hohnßein was firfl; made a fief of fhe
empire, and held by the Counts, as fuch, of the houfe of Erunfwick, till, in
14 1
3, Count Thierry, with the confent of the Lord Paramount, fold it
to Count Botho of Stollbcrg, retaining however to himfelf the fimultaneous
poffeffion. On this, Otho Duke of Gottingen, in 1428, inverted the houfes
of Stollberg and Schwarzburg with the joint enfeoffment of it, in cafe the
Hohnßein male line fhould become extinft. Thefe houfes alfo obtained
the reverfion of it, by virtue of the compadl of inheritance fubfifting betwixt
them and the Counts of Hohnßein. The like inveftiture followed
in. 1590, by Duke Henry Julius, but on the death of the lafl Count of
Hohnßein, he affumed the county to himfelf, in order to render due fatiffaftion
to the Schleinitz family, who had very confiderable claims againft
the Counts of Stollberg. This gave rife to a procefs before the Aulick
council, during which, the Emperor Ferdinand, in 1628, made over the
county of Hohnßein to the Counts of 'Thun, for the fum of 60,000 rixdollars,
and put General Wallenßein in pofTefTion of it. But this general, in
1629, was fucceeded by a Pre?nonJlratenßan convtni, which, in 163 i, was
in its turn outed. At length Duke Augußiis the elder granted the county
of Hohnßein to Chrißopher of Stollberg, which donation was confirmed iri
1635, by Duke George, as Sovereign of the principality of Gottingen. The
Counts of Stollberg however engaged to acknowledge the reigning Duke of
Caknberg for their feudal Lord in this county ; to tranfadl all juridical procedures
in his name, and in every refpefl: dutifully to acknowledge his
territorial fovereignty over the county of Hohnßein, with all the prerogatives
and rights belonging thereto. In 1733 a compacfl was made betwixt
the eledoral houfe of Brunfwick-Lwiebicrg, and the Count of Stollberg, by
virtue of which, the latter is entitled to grant privileges, in refped to thtir
vailals, within the county of Hohnßein, and likewife in their concerns to
iflue ordinances, relative either to forefrs, chaces, mineage, venery, fervices,
or the management of lands; all the inhabitants and vafTals are to
perform the hereditary homage to them, and in matters relating to the
Hchnßein forefl:, all affliirs included therein are to be left to the decifion
of the forell: court. They are likev/ife pofTefled of the jus cancellaj'ia and
conßßorii, and confequently of the upper and lower jurifdidtion, both in
civil and ecclefiaftical cafes ; as alfo of the prefentation and collation of miniflers,
and the infpeftion of particular churches. To the eledloral houfe is
referved the general infpection of churches, and the removal of appeals
to the fpiritual and temporal high courts in the principality of Caknberg.
The eledoral houfe enjoys the jus coUeSlandi, with rei'pedl to the circular
and Imperial contributions, and the payments to the chamber at Wetzlaviy
but remits them to the Count, who pays them in at the proper places,
and receives a particular difcharge for his own quota, both in men and
money. In 1645 the county of Hohnjlein became divided between the
two

'
Hohnftein.] GERMANY. iGj
two chief lines of the houfe oi Stollberg. At prefent the Counts of S/oIlberg-Stollberg
are proprietors of
1. The bailiwick of Hohtßein, containing
The caftle of Hohnßein, which was demoliflied in 1627 by a Saxon
commander of the name of Vitzthum ; a confiderable part of the walls
however are yet {landing.
Neußadty a fmall town, called only a borough, and feated below the
before-mentioned caftle. At this place is a very handfome free-ftone feat
belonging to the Count, built in 1744, and confifting of two ftories.
Harzungen, a village, having a church, which is dependent on that of
Neußadt : together with
The pariflies oi Ojkrode cum Wiegerfdorf, Loiver-Sachfwerfen, Appenrode,
Steigerthal cum Peterfdorf, Crimderode cum Rudigfdorf, Sulzhayn
cum Werna, Bofenrode, and Ürbach.
II. The Counts of Stollberg-Wernigerode are poflefTed of the foreft of
the bailiwick oi Hohnßein, containing 22,800 morgens of land, each con--
fifting of one hundred and twenty fquare rods, with a foreft-office for the
due regulation thereof. In this foreft rifes the river Behre. Its produce is
confiderable, the wood cut down here being carried to Nordhaufen, or
made into charcoal, which is ufed at the mine works near Schierk, in the
county of Wernigerode. It alfo affords pit coal, and manganefe, which is
a poor kind of iron. It is divided into three departments, in which lie
the following places, viz.
qI. In the department oi Schmerplatz Sophien lies
Scphienhcf, a houfe and farm belonging to the Count, and fo named
from the Countefs Sophia Charlotte. Here are likewife fome other buildings,
as for inftance, the manfion-houfe belonging to the Count's chief
forefter, a lodge, and a church, ferved by the minifter of the following
village, ^c.
2. In the department oi Rothefitte is a fmall parochial village, containing
a farm for the grafing of cattle, with a lodge, which is the property of
the Count.
3. In Hufliaus department lies
Hufhaus, a grafery, farm, and lodge, belonging to the Count.
III. The conventual bailiwick and Pädagogium of liefeld, belonging to
the Eledlor oi Bnmjivick-Luneburg, was formed out of a convent of Premonßratenßan
Monks, founded by the abovementioned Eiliger or Ilger II.
beneath the caftle of Ilburg, which was built by his father Eiliger I ; and
as it-ftood in the Ilgcrs-Feld o\- Ilfeld, was fo called from his father. This
convent alio received the name of the Ilfeld. The Epocha of its foundation
is to be dated from the year 11 90. The prelident of this convent was at
firft ftiled provoft, but afterwards abbot, and laftof all adminiftrator. Its laft
abbot Tbomu^ Stange, founded a fchool in it, wherein a certain number of
youths

1 68 GERMANY. [Hohnftcin.
youths were inflructed and maintained gratis, the firft: rcflor of it, named
Michael Ncaiidcrn, was nominated in i 550 ; but afterwards by the Duke of
Bninfioick and the Counts of Slollberg, preferred to be adminifirator
of the convent. At prefent the conventual eftates here, are rubje(5t to the
luperintendency of the eleftoral regency of Hanover, which appoints a
flcward or jullice here, for the adminiftration of the lower jurifdittions and
other fundlions. The fchool is called a conventual Pädagogium. The
Counts of Stollberg have llkewife a Ihare in it. It is under excellent regulations,
and the profcflbrs who are fix in number, are perfons of proper
talents, whence in the catalogue of the lifeld-Alumni, we find the
names of no fmall number of young noblemen and Counts, who have
üudied here at their own expence. Of the youths entertained here, on the
foundation lour, by virtue of an agreement made in 156], are to be natives
of ScLnvarzhiirg on account of the eftates, forefts and other revenues belonging
to the fchool in the principality of Schwarzburg-SonderßMufen.
The other exhibitions in it, are filled up partly and principally by the electoral
houfe of Brunjicick-Limebitrg. Likewife out of the revenues of the
foundation twenty-four ftudents are maintained at the univerfities of
Gotttngen and Iljeld, of whom eight are nominated by the Counts of
Stollberg. The forefts belonging to llfeld, which^are very confiderable, are
divided into the lower and upper or Birkemohr forefts, both which contain
about 5235 acres, they are Separated from each other by the Hagenberg,
which belongs to the foreft of Wernigerode. In them is found pit-coal.
Another good foreft of nine hundred acres belonging to the foundation,, is
rear Hohne-Ebra alfo in the principality of Schnvarzburg. The three
colledions hero, namely that of Ilfetd, Nordhatis and Thiiringia, together
with thofe at Kirch-Engel and Hohen-Ebra, in the principality of Scbwarzburg
are very confiderable. To the conventual bailiwick likewife belong
the following places,
viz.
llfeld, a large village fituated near the convent on the Behr, betwixt the
Muhlberge, the higheft part of which is called the Stieg, and the Herzberg.
Without the village lies the Burgberg or caftle hill, on which formerly
ftood the Ilburg. This village is pleafantly fituated, and contains a parifh
church.
Konigerode, a farm.
Birkemohr alfo a farm, the new building belonging to which, lies at fome
diftance from the old one, which was burnt down.
2. The lordlhips bf Lora and KJettenberg.
The latter of which is alfo called the lordHiip of Hohnflein, muft
not be confounded with the above defcnbed ancient county, the name
of which has gradually been given to it. Thefe lordfbips have likewife
been incorporated under the title of the county of Hohnßein, with
the principality of Halberjladt ; to the regency of v/hich the conliftory of
c
war

Hohnftcin.] GERMANY, 169
war and demefne-office are fubjedl. But procefles are firfl; heard here at
the courts of the baihwick, the magiftrates and nobles. They contain in all
ieventy-one places, the yearly revenue of which, is eftimated at about
80,000 rixdollars. We fliall give an account of each particular lordfliip.
I. The lordfliip of Lora, containing under it twenty-nine places, "jtz.
Bkichcrcde, a fmall open town but populous and thriving, and containing
fome manufadures. It alfo carries on a good trade. In this town
are four manfion houfes of nobles, and one for the procurator. The commiffary
and tax-office, which have for fome time been kept here, was in
17 I 5 removed to Halberßadt.
1. The bailiwick of Lo7-a, containing
Lora, a caftle, which is the refidence of the fteward,
Ele7ide or Zum Elende, a village having an alms-houfe, and formerly
alfo containing a nunnery.
2. The bailiwick of Littk-Bodwige?!, with the village of
Little-Bodiingen, fituated an the Boda; as a\[o Friderichfrode anew village.
3. The bailiwick of Nohra, with the village oi Nobra, Kinderode, the
manour of Little-Furra, and other places.
4. The bailiwick of Dietebor7i, which was formerly a nunnery and exclufive
of Dieteborn contains under it the villages of Great and Little-
Beniten.
Ajcherode, Biihia, Heynrode, Loiver-Gebra, Upper-Gebra, Fufikben, Rehimgen,
Rixleben, Solßedt, Wernrcde.
II. The county or lordfliip of Klcttcnberg, in which are forty-two places.
I. Elrich, the capital of both lordfl^ips, or of the whole county of
Mohnßein, which is made up of them, lies on the Zorge, and was formerly
the feat of the Hchvßcin regency, and a confiftory, and dill contains a
fuperintendency, to which the clergy of both lordfhips are fubjed-. In it
alfo are fome manufadures. This place fuffered greatly by fire in the years
1627 and 1729. The family oi Spiegel have a free farm here, lying both
in and without the town.
2. Sachfa a fmall town featcd on the forefl: of Harze.
3. The bailiwick of Klctteiiherg, fo called from the ruined caftle of
Klettenbcrg, below which lies a village of the fame name, with the bailiwick
oflice and three manfion-houfes belonging to noblemen, one of which
was purchafed by the Emperor Frederick II. To this bailiwick likewife belong
Scbiedufigen, Blidungen and Frebra, all
royal farms with feveral villages.
4. The bailiwicks, of Frohnderode, Maunderode and Woßcben, together
with the farms of Gimzercde, Gunderßebe?i and Salza. At the foot of the
high mountain of Hoknßcin, on which flood the caftle of Schnabclburg,
is a flatting and paper mill, with another for the making of gun-powder.
5. The bailiwick o'i Benneekenjlein, ftands a part from the other bailiwicks,
being feated on the foreft of Horz. In the year 1424 the Counts of
Vol. VI. Z HoLviJhin,

lyo GERMANY. [Holinftein.
Hohnßeln, fold one half of this bailiwick to the Counts of Schwarzburg,
but ihe Sonderhaufen quarter was procured by exchange in 1675, and that
of Rudelfladt purchafed in 1741 for the fum of 20,000 rixdoUars. In
this bailiwick lies
Beimeckjiein,
a fmall town having iron-mills.
6. Branderode, Great-Wechfungen, Great-Werther, Hafferiingen, Holbach,
Kemjkdt, Little-IVerther, belonging to the family of Werthern, Mackenrode,
Steinfee, Stockey, Tettenborn and Werningerode.
3. The bailiwick of Bodungen, formerly belonging to the Lora, but
now held by the Princes of Schwarzburg-Sojiderßjaufen, as a fief of Saxony.
3n this bailiwick is
Great-Bodiingen, a market town lying on the Bode, and containing a feat
and farm.
JJttenrode, and three other villages ; together with
Silkerode, Bockelnhagen and Zwinge.
THE

[ ^71 ]
THE
CI R C L E
OF
LOWER SAXONY.
§. I. /'^F this Circle a good general map has been publiflied, but thofe of
\_j/ moft of the countries belonging to it are defedive. The feveral
maps at prefent in vogue are thofe of Sa?ifon, Jaillot, Mortkr, Falk, de
JVif, Vißcher, Hofnatin, and Seutter. That of Homanns conftitutes the
one hundred and thirteenth in his Atlas o^ Germany.
§. 2. To the northward it borders on the Dutchy of Slefwick, belonging
to the Kingdom oi Denmark and the Baltick, to the eaftward on the
Circle of Upper-Saxony, to the fouthward on the fame Circle, and a part
of the Upper-Rhine, weftward on the Circle of Weflphalia and the north
fea. Its whole extent may be computed at about 1420 geographical
fquare miles.
§. 3. The States belonging to it are thofe of Magdeburg, and Bremen,
(which alternately hold the diredory) Zelle, Gruheiibagen, Calenberg, Wolfenbuttel,
Halberjladt , Mecklenburg, Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Gußro, Holßein-
Gluckfladt, IIolßein-Gottorf, Hildcßieim, Saxe-Lauenburg, the archbifliopric
of Lübeck, the ^nncx^zWty oi Schwei-in, Ratzeburg, BtaJikenburg, Ranzau^
Lübeck an imperial city, Gofzlar, Mublhaufen, Nordhaufen, Hamburgs
and the imperial city of Bremen.
§. 4. The Princes who convene the Diets are the Dukes of Magdeburg
and Bremen, who are alfo alternately inverted with the directory from Diet
to Diet, and the oldeft ruling Duke of Brunfwick is poflefTed of the condireSiorium.
The Diets ufed generally to be held at Brunfwick or Luneburgy
••'
but fince the year 1682 have been difcontinued.
§. 5. The military eftablifliment of the whole Empire in time of peace,
being by a decree of the Empire in 1681 fettled at 40,000 men, the
Circle of Lower Saxony was afiefled at 1322 horfemen and 2707 foot,
Z 2
which

1^2 GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
which is alfo the contingent of the Circles of Upper-Saxony, Burgundy, Swabia
and Wejlphalia, with which it was put on a footing in the partition of the aid
of 300,000 florins, granted to the Imperial chtfl in 1707, when the furr>
payable by it was fixed at 31,271 florins, fiky-eight kruitzers, and five
pfennings. Several Dukes oi Briwjwkk in this Circle have held at the fame
time, the pofl: of commander in chief and that of lieutenant-general.
§. 6. With refped to religion this Circle is the fecond which is wholly
Lutheran. At the peace of Weßphalia it was flipulated that it fhould always
have four affefl/ors, befides one other alternately with the Circle of Upper
Saxo7iy. In 1654, therefore it was agreed in the Circle, that Magdeburg
and Bremen fliould each prefent one, the houfe of Brunjiuick one, and
Mechlengburg and Holßein one, and betwixt them as often as it came to the
Circle's turn weretochoofe a fifth afl"eflbr ; alfo that he fliould be nominated
by Lübeck, Gofzlar, Muhlbaujen and Nordhaufen, but at
prefent the Circle in
etfed: names only two, and the alternative nomination agreed on betwixt it
and Upper-Saxony no longer takes place. The eledtoral houfe of Brunfivick
Lüneburg, on obtaining the eledoral dignity defired, when the number of
afleflbrs was by the peace oi Weßphalia fettled at fifty, that he might fend
two, but on their being reduced to half that number one, which was
granted him. But the perfon prefented mufl be a Lutheran, and of the
afTeflbrs he is
the ninth.
The Dutchy c/"Magdeburg.
§. I, nr^HE map of this Dutchy publiflied by Gundlhig oi Berlin is very
-*•
defedive, while that of Shenks is abfolutely ufelefs, and even the
delineation given us of it by the Younger Hojnann, from the defign of an
engineer, which conftitutes the one hundredth and fourteenth map in the
Atlas of Germany, though foraewhat better than the above, is not v,?ithout
many faults ; in particular it leaves out the whole Circle of the Luckenivalde.
Walthers Singul-Magdeb contains good maps of fome of the countries
in this Dutchy, and that of the courfes of the rivers Ora and Dromling
is very valuable, in as much as it very accurately delineates the true bounds
betwixt the Old Marck, Magdeburg, Lüneburg and Brunfwick. One
exad draught oi Pfanner chace near Hall, is to be met with in Dreybaupfs
defcription of the Circle. In this map is exhibited a confiderable trad of
the country about Hail with the upper part of the Circle of Saale.
§.2. This dutchy is iurrounded by the Marck of Bra?7denburg, the
dutchy of Brunfwick, the principality of Halberfladt and Anhalt, thetounty
of Mmsjeld, and the eledorate of Saxony. The Saala Circle and
jlkev/ife that of Luckmtoalde are feparated from the other, and on all fides
environed, by the. circular coiuitries oi Upper-Saxony.
|> 3- The:

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. ij^
§. 3. The country belonging to it is for the moft part level. The beO: corn
lands are in that part of the Ho/z Circle called the Bordc, which produces
alfo fine cattle ; the other Circles and countries in it, are either fandy or marlhy
or overgrown with woods. In fome parts, particularly in the Saale Circle-,
fuel is fcarcc, but the country affords pit-coal and ftubble, and is fupplied
with wood from other parts by means of its rivers. The falt-fprings
in Halle, Great-Salze, Old-Salze and Stasfurt are of fuch richnefs that they
are able to fupply all Germany with that commodity, for which reafon the
falt-works in other parts of the dutchy have been fuffered to go to decay.
Rothenburg has likewife a copper mine-work. The Elbe palTes through a
confiderable part of the country, and on the borders of the county ol
Barby receives the Saale (which after watering the Saale and Holz Circles
is rendered navigable by means of ic\Qn fluices,) and on the borders of the
March, the Havel, after it has formed the eaftern boundaries between the
March and the dutchy of Magdeburg, Another, and nearer communication
has been completed betwixt the Elbe and the Havel, by means of the canal
oi Plauen, which interfedts the Jericbo Circle, and has been already delcribcd
under the March. In the Holz Circle alfo rifes the Aller, which difcharges
itfelf into the Elbe. The Give has its fource in the bailiwick of
Knejebeck, in the principality of Lüneburg, and the Saale in the Circle of
that name receives the Elfler, and at Nienburg in the principality oi Anhalt
the Bode, after it has traverfed a part of the Holz Circle.
§. 4. According to a computation made in 1703, the whole dutchy,.
exclufive of that part of the county of Mamfeld which is connedted
with it, contained twenty-nine cities, fix towns, and four hundred and
thirty-one villages. From the year 1750 to 1756, the burials here have
amounted one year with another to 8786, fo that the number of its inhabitants
during thofe years, may be eftimated at about 330,000. The States
of the country confift of the prelates, among whom the cathedral chapter
is reckoned the firft ; the nobility and the cities. Formerly they were
divided into the lelfer or larger committee, at which times committee Diets
were frequent among them, and on emergencies of general concern
provincial Diets were alfo convened: but the country falling as a temporal
principality beneath the dominion of the eledioral houfe of Brandenburg
its conrtitution was gradually abrogated, no Diets being at prefent held
here, nor are the States any longer poffeffed of the direction of the provincial
cheft.
§. 5. In the fixteenth century the province by degrees came into the
reformation, and both archbidiop Sigtfniund and the chapter efpouling
it with great zeal, it was introduced into all parts. However the convents
of Ammenfkben, Altcn-Haldenßeben , MayendorJ, Marie?tßuhl nnithout Egrh:^
and 'S. Agneten in the New Town at Magdeburg, ftill adhere to the Roman
catholic perfuafion. Till about the middle of the feventeenth century
Liitheranijm

174- GERMANY.
[Magdeburg.
Lutberanifm was the only religion tolerated here ; excepting in the abovementioned
five convents ; but the country falling in that year under the
dominion oi Brandenburg^ great numbers of French and German Cahiniß
refugees were received here, and under King Frederick William^ the private
exercife of the i?o«w«-catholic worfhip was likewife tolerated at Magdeburg
and Halle. The Lutheran pariflies in this county amount to three hundred
and fourteen, and the paftors to three hundred and fifty three. Thefe
parifl:ies are divided into fixteen infpedions, which are under the diredtion
of as many infpedlors, who are fubordinate to a general fuperintendent.
The clergy of the Old Town at Magdeburg, however, are exempted from the
jurifdidion of thefe infpedtions, and under the diredtion of their fenior.
The German Calvinißs here are poflefled in all, of feven churches and
eleven miniflers, and the French make fix congregations, to five of which
belong ten minifters, but thofe at Calbe are fubjeä; to the German paftor
there. None of thefe Cahiniß minifters are vefted with thejura ßolce,
nor any other perquifites. At Halle are 'Jeias, who have a fynagogue.
§. 6. Magdeburg contains manufadlures and fabrics of cloth, fluffs,
ftockings, linen, oil-fkins, leather, parchment and more particularly
offtarch, which with the fine flour made here, and all forts of grain,
are exported in very large quantities.
§. 7. The bifliopric of Magdeburg was formed out of a BenediStine
convent, founded zx. Magdeburg in 937 by the Emperor Otho I. who in
967 converted the faid convent into an archbifiiopric, to which Hilward
biQiop of Halherßadt ceded that part of his diocefe lying between the
Flbe, Ohre and Bode, together with Friderichßrafze, and the feveral
parifhes fituated between the Mansßld falt-lake of the Saale, the Ujißrut,
the Helme, and the dyke near Walhaufen. To this new archbifiiopric
aUb were given as fuffragrans, the bilLoprics of Mcrjeburg, Naumburg and
Meißen, (the lafl: of which was afterwards exempted) together with Havelbcrg,
Brandenburg, Cawmin and Lebus. The archbifliop of Magdeburg was
reckoned the primate in all Germania magna, and was poflefled of feveral
very honourable privileges, fuch as that of wearing the archepifcopal Pallium,
of fitting among the cardinal bifliops, of having in his cathedral,
atter the Rotnan manner, twelve cardinal presbyters, (even deacons, and
twenty-four fubdeacons, and the crofs borne before him. The name of
the firft: of thefe archbifhops was Adelbcrt. In 1648 at the peace olWeßpbalia,
the houfe of Brandenburg as an indemnification to it, for ceding
the pofleflions it had mAnterior-Fomerania to Sweden, obtained among other
advantages the reverfion of the archbiftopric o^ Magdeburg, which he was to
hold on the deceafe of the adminftrator Augißus Duke of Saxony, as an
independent and perpetual fief and temporal dukedom. Accordingly in
1650 he received the eventual homage, and in 1680 acq'.iired the adual
pciffcflion of it, on the demife of Duke Augußm.
%. 8. The aims of the dutchy are party per pale ruby and pearl.
§. 9. In

Magdeburg.] GERMANY,
175
§. 9. In the Diet of the Empire the King o^ Pmjia, as Duke of Magdeburg,
fits and votes between the Eledtor oi Bavaria, as Y^ukto^ Bavarm,
and the Eledor palatine as Pfalzgrave of Lautem. The Duke of
Magdeburg is hkewife the firft of the States of the Circle o'i Loiver Saxony,
and one of the two fummoning Princes and diredors, as we have obferved
before under §. 4. of the introduction to this Circle. The aflefllnent of the
dutchy in the matricula of theEmpire isforty-three horfe and one hundredand
ninety-fix foot, or monthly one thoufand three hundred florins. To the chamber
at Wetzlar it pays three hundred and forty-three florins forty kruitzers.
§. JO. The dutchy has its own regency, which in 1714 was removed
from the feat of the capital town oi Halle to Magdeburg^ and confifts of two
fenates. The chapter at prefent is excluded from any part in the government.
The war and demefne chamber eredted in 1723, in lieu of the former
war and tax-ofEce, manage all the concerns of the demefne and finances,
with the excife, contributions, and whatever elfe relates to the polity ; but
each chert: is kept feparate, under their diflinä: officers and colledions. In
town the excife and other branches of the revenue are under the direäion
of certain perfons ftiled tax-counfellors, as CommiJJaril loccrum. The confirtiory
is compofed of the members of the regency, the general fuperintendent
.and fome lay and ecclefiaftical confiflorial counfellors. Its power is limited
,to xh^ Lutheran churches, whilft the Cahinijh are fubjedl to their fupreme
dired:ory, and the French likewile under the diredion of the French
fupreme confiftory at Berlin.
§. 1 1. The Prince's revenues here, arife principally from the demefnes, taxes
and military cheft. In the demefnes are included the King's profits accruing
from the falt-works at Halle and other places; * with the duties on fair,
the neat profit and tythes of mines, confifcations, fines, navigation-farms,
farms belonging to bailiwicks, fluice-monies, tolls by land and water,
Üorefts-rents and payments for mart:age and the like. On the other hand,
out of thefe taxes are paid the King's officers in the dutchy, together
with the expences of the royal buildings, fluices, tillage, and other labours,
the King's lands, repairs of highways and fuch difburfements. The furplus
is paid into the general demefne cheft. The tax and military cheft receive
the country-contributions, with the forage and fubfiftence money for the
country-cavalry, the excife laid upon goods confumed, the provincial excife,
which is tranfmitted to it from the town, and other incomes; all which
are afterwards paid into the general military cheft,
or remitted to the feveral
* So very great is the quantity of fait made in the King's falt-works in this dutchy, thatthey
are able to iupply all the Prujßan dominions; every houfe-keeper therefore is obliged to buy and
pay for a certain quantity of fait for himfclf, his wife, children, fervants and cattle : that is to fay
for every perfon above nine years of age four pecks, for every four perfons at killing time, two
pecks ; for every cow with calf the lilce quantity, and for every ten fheep with lamb alfo two
pecks. For this the country pays zt the rate of fixteen grofchen per bufhel, but the towns
fubjeiSt to excife eighteen, which brings in a very confiderable revenue.
regiments

176 GERMANY, [Magdeburg.
regiments in the country for their fubfiftence. The contributions and
other revenues here belonging to the tax-cheft are coliedled in every
Circle, by certain circular receivers, to whom they are remitted every month
by under receivers, in the fmali towns and villages, of which every provincial
counfellor (who are at prefent feven in number) has the controll
and infpedlion in his refpedive Circle. The annual revenues of the fovereign
arifing from this dutchy, according to an eftimate in my hands,
amount to above 800,000 rixdoUars.
§. 12. The dutchy is divided into four Circles, in each of which are
towns, royal bailiwicks, prelate-eftates, noble manors holding immediately
of the regency, and poffefled of the right of jurifdidion over their villages
; with free eflates, which are annexed to the bailiwick, but have
neither villages nor jurifdidion belonging to them, and fome fubjedl to the
contribution tax. Thefe feveral premifes will fully appear from the following
particular defcription of the dutchy.
I. The Holz Circle lies betwixt the rivers Bode, Saale, and Elbe, the old
Mark, the dutchy of Bnmfwick, and the principalities of Halberßadt and
Anhalt ; containing in it
I . The following immediate cities, ^'/z.
The ancient city of Magdeburg, in old records termed Magathaburg,
Magadaburg, Meidburg, Meideburg, and "Jungfernburg, lying on the Elbe,
and being the capital of the 4utchy, as alio the feat of the provincial regency,
the confiftory, the war and demefne office, and one of the principal
trading towns in all Germany. It is likewife a very ftrong fortification,
havinf, among other works, a citadel, feated on an ifland in the river
Elbe, with Sternfchanze or Starfort, lying without the Sudetiburg gate.
Magdeburg is well built, particularly the Broad-jlreet in it, which makes a
grand appearance, though the principal beauty of the town confifts in its
eathedral fquare, which is ornamented with large elegant houfes, and the
area of it well paved. Among the moft remarkable public edifices here
are the King's palace, which was anciently the refidence of the bifhops,
and in which are held the war and demefne office, with the armory, the
governor's houfe, and the guild-hall, where the regency and confiftory are
held. The Lutheran cathedral here, dedicated to St. Maurice, is a fuperb
ftrudlure in the antique tafte. This cathedral was begun in the year 121 1 ;
the former church here, which was built by the Emperor Otho in 1207,
having been deftroyed by fire ; but its confecration did not take place till
the year 1323. It is two hundred and eight ells long, and of the fame
height, its breadth being fifty-five ells ; the whole building confifts entirely
of free-ftone, and contains in it many curiofities, fuch as a ftone baflb
relievo of the wife and foolifli virgins, a fine porphyry font, an altar in the
choir of difi^erent fpecies of marble, befides divers other things enumerated
jn the particular defcription of it publiflied ?^i Magdeburg in quarto, in lyo'i.
I
Its

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. 177
Its chapter confifts of a provoft, iixteen major and feven minor canons.
The eftates belonging to it fliall be fpecified under each Circle. The firfl
minifter of it has an ecclefiaftical infpedion in the Circle of Holz. To its
college belong fi.x mafters ; beiides which here are three other Lutheran
collegiate foundations, namely that of St. Scbaßiaii, to which belong the villages
of Gutenfwegt'H and Bifzdorf, in the Holz Circle ;
that of St. Gangol^h,
poffeffed of the village o^ Bottmerfdorf, in the fame Circle; together with Little-
Lups, in
the Circle of ymc^o, and that of St. Nicholas, which is proprietor of
the villages of Hö/jra and Middlc-Etlau, in the 5W^ Circle ; likewife a L?i;//6fran
convent, dedicated to our Lady, and which was formerly a monaftery
of Fremonflratenfmji Monks. This convent has a fchool or feminary, together
with a farm at Salpke. The Lutherans are pofleßed of fix other
parochial-churches here. To the town gymnafnim belong ten profeflbrs.
The Cahinißs conftitute three congregations, viz. German, French, and
Wallon, which alfo have their Latin fchool. The Lutheran town-clergy
are under the infpedlion of their feniors and the fpiritual court, from which
an appeal lies to the conliftory. ,
Here
is likewife an alms-houfe, a hofpital,
and an orphan-houfe, which are maintained at the King's expence. Mag~
deburg has from time immemorial enjoyed the Staple ; but this privilege
has been controverted, particularly by the city of Leipzig. In this town is
alfo a variety of manufadlures, as for inftance, of all forts of woollen
cloths and ftufifs, together with half and whole filk fluffs, cottons, linen,
ftockings, hats, beautiful leathern gloves, black and yellow tobacco, roll
tobacco, fnuff, ^c. Its fituation on the Elbe, and the road here betwixt
High and Low Germany, is very advantageous to its trade. Magdeburg, fo
early as the time o{ Charles the Great, was no inconfiderable place. In
the tenth century it was conferred as a dowery on Editha, confort to the Emperor
Otho I. This Princefs environed it with a wall, which (lie fortified
with towers, and procured from her confort the grant of a yearly fair to ir,
and likewife greatly promoted its improvement and welfare. In lucceeding
times it arrived to very great profperity, was one of the Hanfetowns,
and had a celebrated magiftracy, Charles V. put it under the ban
of the empire, for rejedling the interim, and charged Maurice Eledor of
Saxony with the execution of it, who, after a fiege which held from the -
fixteenth of September 1550, to the mnt\\ o^ November 1 ^^i, took it by
capitulation, in which it was flipulated, that the Emperor fliould be reconciled
to it, and the ban revoked. In .1629 it fuffered a blockade from
the Imperialißs for the fpace of twenty-eight weeks. In 163 i it was belieged
by them in form, and being taken by ftorm, facked, fet on fire,
and, excepting the cathedral, the convent of otcr Lady, and fome adjacent
houfes, with one hundred and thirty-nine fmall tenements along the
Fifcher-
Ujer, reduced to alhes, withthe lofs alfo of fo many lives, that though the
number of its inhabitants Vi'as generally computed at no lefs than 20,000,
only 400 freemen furvived this dreadful calamity. In the beginning of
Vol. VI. A a the

;
,.yB
GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
the year 1632, \\\z bnper'icilifls withdrew, and the i'ztWa taking poiTefTion
of the city, it was partly rcbuih, and reduced to fonie order. In 1635 it
bge 0^ Gups, in the Circle o^ Jericho.
Conccrnino- the burgravate of Magdeburg, we muft not omit a brief
remark, namely, that before Otho I. even in the tiine of Charles the Great,
there was a burg or caPde at this place, in which refuted an imperial Count
but who the firü; was that bore the title of Burgrave, is far from being
fo certain, though this is comrnoniy affirmed oi Gero. According to fome,
the Emperor Otho I. appointed the Burgraves as proteä-ors or governors
of the A/r/^-^t'i^/^r^ churches; but others will have it that he conferred on
the convent here, which afterwards was eredfed into an archbifliopric, the
hberty of electing its own protedor, who was afterwards ftiled Burgrave,
and exercifcd both the civil and criminal jurifdiöion. The archbilhops
have granted fuch protedlorlhips as hereditary fiefs to Counts, and even to
Princes, an inftance of which we have in Ärchbißiop Conrad I. who, on
the deccafe of the Burgrave, Heury Marggrave of Lufatia, in the year
1136, f^raotcd the burgravate hereditarily to his brother Burchard, Lord of
^uerfurt, in whofe houfe it continued till 1269, when Archbilhop Conradll.
having reallumed it from Cour\t Biirchard of Mansfeld, fold it, together
with the ofiice of hereditary cup-bearer of the archbifliopric, which was
annexed to it, for the fum of 1200 marks, to Joh/i and Maurice Dukes
of Saxofiy, on condition that they fliould hold it as a fief of the archbifhopric.
In 1294 Duke Alkrt refold both the burgravate and office
of jufticiary of Magdeburg to the archbifliopric. The money for this purchafe
was advanced by the city of Magdeburg, on a provifo that the office
of jufticiary fliould remain verted in the=,cnty, and the burgravate belong
to the archbifliop, without any future alienation. After this, but the time
vyhen is not precifcly known, the burgravate became an imperial fief,
and the Marggrave Frederick the Eold being, in 1422, invelfed by the
Emperor with the eledorate of Saxony, at Meijfen, the burgravate of
Ma-ydeburg, and the dignity and power of Count, both of Magdeburg
ajid Halle ; this afterwards occafioned very long and violent contefts
between the houfe of Saxony and the archbifliopric of Magdeburg, till at
length,, namely in 1579, a commutative agreement was concluded at
Eifzeben, between Augiijlus Eiedor of Saxony, on the one fide, and the
archbifliopric of Magdeburg on ^he other, whereby the archbifliop ceded
to the Eledor of Saxony the enfeoffinent and fovereigncy over a great part
of the county of Mansjeld y the eledtoral houfe, on its own part, relinquiÜiing
all the rights and. dignities granted to it by the Emperor, as
.B.urgi-ave. of Magdeburg, in the cities of Migdeburg and Hallcy and like-.
wifa-

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. 179
wife throughout the whole archbiniopric, fuch as the proclamation of the
ban, the power of Count, the nomination of the iufliciary and magiftracy
at Halle, the difpofal of the criminal jurifdidion, &€. and transferred them
to the archbifliop ; but referved to itfelf the title and arms of the burgravate
of Mägdeburg, with the four bailiwicks of Gointfiem, Rauls., Elbenau,
and Goitau, which lie without the archbifliopric, and gave rife to
the burgravate.
Obf. Neußadt, Magdeburg, and Sndenhiirg, occur under the bailiwick
of MoUen.
Calbe, a town, fituated on the Saale, with a fluice for the conveniency
of its navigation. This town is the feat of an ecclefiaftical infpedion, and,
exclufive of a Lutheran church, contains alfo another for the Germans, with
a third for the Calvhiiß French ; but both thefe are ferved by one minifler.
In the years 1550, 1682, and 1713, this city was deftroyed by fire, but
has fince been rebuilt to great advantage. The fuburbs here belong to
its
bailiwick.
Egeln, a town, feated on the Bode, and containing an ecclefiaftical infpeflion.
Anciently this town, with its independencies, formed a lordO^iip,
which was at fiifl a fief of the abbey of Gernrode, but fince the year 1357
has hten a fief of the Eleftor of Saxony. Burchard Count of Mulingen^
and Lord of Barby, obtained the fimultaneousinveftiture of it ; but Conrad
the lafi: Lord of Egeln, of the Hadmerßeben fa.m\\y, dying in 1417, without
feudal heirs, archbifliop Gimther recovered the lordfliip to his fee, by
virtue of a loan granted to Burchard Count of Mult n gen ; but in 1524 the
cathedral chapter made an acquifition of it. In 1648 it was agreed at the
peace of JVeßphalia, that at the conclufion of the peace it fliould be immediately
and entirely ceded to the Eledlor of Brandenburg, on which the
procefs commenced by the Counts of Barby concerning it was to drop.
Accordingly, in 1650, the 'E\c&.or Frederick JViiliam 2iVv\\'td to the adual
poffefiion of the town and bailiwick, which at firft was connetfted with
the principality of Halbcrßadt, but afterwards reunited to the Magdeburg
territories.
Grcat-Salze, a fmall town, having two fait fprings belonging to it, and
thirty-four pans. This town is noted as having been the place of refidence
of feveral noble families, of whom the corporation is compofed, and who
are proprietors of the falt-works, excepting that one boiling-houfe here
belongs to the Schadeieben familv, and another to the magiftracy. By virtue
of an agreement concluded with the Saxon revenue-office at Drefden,
relative to the delivery of a certain quantity of fait to the falt-ofiices, a fait
overfeer refides here, whofe bufinefs it is to fee the fait put up in casks,
after which it is fent by land carriage to Frcfe on the Elbe, where it is fliipped
off for the falt-ofiices at Drefden, Meißen, and other places in the electorate
of Saxonv.
A a 2 .Frofe^

i8o GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
Frofe, abovementioned, is a fmall town, lying on the Elbe, and helonging
to the corporation of Gi-eat-Salze, which is iikewile poflelTed of
ih^hMony oi Scbadekben, fituated in thefe parts. In the year 1012 this
town was conferred on the archbilhopric by the Emperor Henry II.
Wem ziehen, a fmall place, purchafed in 1372 by archbifliop Peter for the
lum of 9000 marks of filver, but burnt down in 1550, and likcwife deftroyed
feveral times after by fire in the feventeenth century.
New-Huldenßeben, a town, feated on the Obre, and containing an ecclefiaftical
infpedlion, with a Lutheran and a French Cahiniji church.
This town was anciently a fortrefs belonging to Henry the Lion, Duke of
Bavaria and Saxony. This Prince falling under the ban of the empire,
archbifliop Wichmann, in the year 1179,
alfaulted the fortrefs, and fucceedin»
in his attempt upon it, laid it in ruins ;
but the town was afterterwards
rebuilt, and annexed to the fee. In 1630, 1642, and 1661, it
fuffered extremely by war and fire, but has fince recovered itfelf.
II. The following bailiwicks belonging to the King, njix.
1. The baihwick of M(///^«w^/(7, which has its feat in the Altßadt, or
Old-town, at Magdeburg, and contains under its jurifdidion,
Neußadt or New-Magdeburg, accounted only a fuburb of the Altßadt,
though a diflinä: town, and having in it a Lutheran collegiate foundation, dedicated
to St. Fetcr and St. Faul, with a parochial-church, a grammar-fchool,
and a Roman catholic nunnery of Cißerciam, dedicated to St. Agnes, and
under the diredion of a domina, a priorefs, and fifteen nuns. In the yea?
163 1 this town was fet on fire and deflroyed,. but has fince been handfomely
rebuilt.
Sudenburg, alfo accounted a fuburb of the Altßadt Magdeburg, though a diftind
town, like the former, was deflroyed in 1631, but is rebuilt entirely new.
of the Neumarkt at Magdeburg.
Some parts
Sohlen, a country town, the falt-fprings belonging to which are flopped
up, and the works of courfe gone to ruin.
The villages of Fermerßeben and St, Michael ; and, in the Circle of Jericho,
thofe alfo of Bideritz and Gufen.
2. The bailiwick of Calbe, having its feat at Calbehcufe. In this bailiwick is
The fuburb of Calbe.
Unterwelfch Fifcher, and Lorenzer, the lafl a fuburb, ffanding without Calbe.
Groperey and Ketzerey, the laft of which is alfo a fuburb, feated without CaISe.
Elmen or Old-Salze, a country town, fituated clofe by Great-Salze. Thistown
had a conliderable fait-work fo early as the year 1230, but this was
afterwards defliroyed. Oa fearching for the old fpring, another was dif-
Govered, which proves inexhauftible. The water of this fpring is conveyed
in wooden pipes to Schönebeck^ and tkere boiled.
Seven villages.
The bailiwick of Calbe is likewife pofTelTed of the high jurifdidion over
Brumh^" 3- Tha

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. i8i
3. The bailiwick of Bnanhy confifls of the fingle village o^ Brumb)\ in
which he two free cftates, one of which efcheated to tlie bailiwick as a
vacant fief,
the other belongs to the Steinecker family.
4. The baihwick of the convent of Gottes Gnade or divine grace, fronting
the town of Calbe, was formed out of a Premonjiratenfian convent,
which was burnt down by the Swedes in the thirty years war ; but the
chapel belonging to it is ftill in good condition. To this bailiwick arc
annexed the two villages of Schwarz and Trabutz.
5. The bailiwick of Egeln, containing Alte Mark, a village, fituated
without the town of Egeln, together with Efgej-ßcben, a village, having a
farm, and fix other villages.
6. The conventual bailiwick of 7i////f;-/£'(5(';7, which was formed out of a
convent founded by the Counts of Hillerßeben, who are long fince become
extindt. This convent was originally a nunnery, which was afterwards
converted into a priory, and in 1 1 10 eredled into a monaftery of BenediSline
Monks. It was. fackei and deftroyed in the Smalkaldick war ; but abbot
Gobelin, who preiided over it from the year 1562 to isn-> ^pphed himfelf
to the rebuildmg of it, and embraced Zi«//v;7z«///«. In 1687 it was converted
into a bailiwick, and in 1695 the Eleflor Frederick III. granted the
revenue arifmg from it to the Seminarium Tkeologiciim at Halle ; but in
1720 ¥J\ng Frederick I'Filliam purchafed it again for the fum of 30,000
rixdollars, and eredted it into a demefne bailiwick. To it belong the villages
of Hillerßeben and Neuenhof, in the former of which is a parochial
church.
7. Athenßeben bailiwick, fituated on the Bode, and containing under it the
farms of Loderburg and Rothe?iforde, with the villages oi Loderburg and Borna,
8. The bailiwick of Old-Stasfurt, comprehending under it
Stasfurt, a town, feated on the Bode, with two fait fprings, and thirtytwo
boiling-houfes, belonging to the noble families of the place. Of thefe
families alfo is compofed the magiflracy ; but two of thefe boiling-houfes
belong to the Stasfurt houfe or bailiwick.
Old-Stasfurt, a large village, or rather borough.
9. The bailiwick of Wanzleben^ in which is
Suldorf a large village, containing four free eftates. The fait fprings
here have been clofed and boarded, and the boiling-houfes pulled down.
Domerßebcn, a village, containing {e\Gn free eftates, and five other
villages.
10. The bailiwick of Dreyleben, comprehending under it five villages.
At Berge, in this bailiwick, is a manor, with twelve ferving-houfes, belonging
to the T'eutonick commandery of Luckhun, in the dutchy of Brunfwick,
which is alfo poffefied of the low jurifdidlion.
1 1. The bailiwick of Wolmirjladt, to which belongs
Wolmirjladty a fmall town, having a caflle, on the river Ohre. Here is
likewil'e

-
i82
GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
likewife a Lutheran nunnery, under which are the villages of Sa7nbf'u;egen,
Croc/jcr/], and Zielitz. In 1281 archbi(hop Bernhard, aflifted by yl/bert
Margrave of Brandenburg, made himfelf mafter of the town. In 1334,
Otho the Good, Duke of Brwipioick, took the caftle, but Archbifliop Otho
foon wrefted it from him. In 1642, Wolmirjladt was fet on fire by the
ImperiaUjh. In this town is a free eftate.
Colbitz, a village, containing a royal hunting feat.
Mefebcrg, a parochial-village, having an ecclefiaftical infpedtion : and
Nine other villages ; among which is th^it of Bar/eben, containing three
free eftates.
12. The bailiwick of Sommerfcbenbiirg, anciently belonging to the Counts
of Sommerfchenburg, who, in 1056, obtained from the Emperor Henry
IV. the palatinate of Saxony, (fee Vol. V.) and in 11 80 failed in the perfon
of the Pfalzgrave Albert. Among the feveral claimants to the fucceffion,
was Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, who conferred the
caftle of Sommerfchenburg on the Barons of Warberg. But Wichmann,
avchbilliop of Magdeburg, having purchafed fome of the Pfalzgrave y^/Z-^r/'s
allodial eftates of his f\f\.tv Adelheida, Ahhefs of ^tedlinburg, likewife poffefled
himfelf of the caftle of Sommerfchenburg, and fome of the lands belonging
thereto, which have, ever iince that time, continued annexed to
the fee, though claimed by Duke He/iry's fons ; and Sommerfchenburg itfelf
was included in the inheritance of the Emperor Otho IV. The proper
county of the Pfalzgraves (in Latin, comicia) was at Seehaufen, as fhall be
prefently fhewn more fully. The haiWw'ick of Sommerfchenburg, exclufive of
the caftle of that name, which is alfo called Sommerfeburg, comprehends
under it fix villages.
13. The bailiwick of Alven/lcben, conftituting one half of the lordflilp
of Ähenßeben. The other half belongs to the family of Veltheim, as fhall be
hereafter obferved. This bailiwick formerly gave title to Counts ; but in
1253, A'bert Count of Alvenßeben being killed in a battle fought by Wilbrand
archbilliop of Magdeburg and Liidolpbus biftiop of Halberfßadt on the
one fide, and the Marggrave of Brandenburg on the other, and his eftates
loft, his defcendants relinquifhed the title of Counts, and ftiled themfclves
only Lords of Ahenßeben. Alvenßeben formerly contained three
burgs, 'üiz. one belonging to the bifliop of Halbcrßadt, one to the Count
of Alvenßeben, and one to the Marggrave of Braiidenburg, as Lords Paramount
; but the Marggrave Otho being taken prifoner by the biftiop of Hal
berßadfi. forces in the battle abovementioned, was obliged to cede his burg
to the bifliopric. Ludolphus II. bilhop of Halberßadt, without the chapter's
confent, mortgaged his burgs at Alvenßeben, together with Scehaufin and
other places, to the Marggrave of Brandenburg ; but in 1
597 BÜhnp Volrath
his fuccelTor, with the chapter's approbation, fold thofe eft.ites to the fee
of Magdeburg, and in the following year the Marggrave of Brandenburg
refigned

. and
Magdeburg.] GERMANY. iJ?3
refigned them. To the prcfent bailiwick of Alvevßchcn belongs one half
of the burg ofthat name, together with Mark Alvenjleben, tlie old viliatje
oi Alvciiflchcn, Irxicben, Great-Sanderßcben, (the ancient proprietors of which
were the Lords of Sanderßcbcn, anceftors to the Counts of IScbanenbmg)
North-Germerßeben.
14. The bailiwick oi Ummendorß, confifling of the villages of Ummendorf
and EilJJeben, with the farm of Ovdgimne.
15. The bailiwick of Ampfurt and Schernicke, formed out of two manors
ofthat name, which were purchafed of the family of Affeburg. To
this bailiwick belong
The villages of Ampfurt, Schernicke, Little-Wanzleben, and Remkerß^:ben.
Seehaufen, a town, remarkable for having been tl^e affize-town of the Counts
o^ Sominerfchenburg. On the extinction of the Pi'alzgraves ci Sommerfhenburg,
this place came to the archbiiliopric of Halberfladt, on which account Eilhop
Frederick, in certain records, bears the title of Count of So-mmerjcbcnburg.
16. The \iz\'i\ss\c\'^ ci Schonebeck, confifting only of
Schönebeck, a fmall town having a caftle, on the river Elbe, and which
was transferred by the chapter of the cathedral to the Eledor of Brandenburg,
in lieu of the fourth part of the canonicate affigned to it by the peace
oiU'eflphalin. In the year 1372 Count Gz//7/Ät'r II, oi MuUnge'n, Lord of
Barby, fold this place to the archbifliopric for the fum of 2000 marks of
filver. In 1604 it fuffered greatly by fire. An hereditary toll is eflabliflied
at this place. Here are alfo fome boiling-houfes, in which upwards
of 8000 lafrs of fait are annually made, the water for that purpolc
being conveyed hither in wooden pipes from Old-Salze or Elmen.
17. The bailiwick oi Acken, to which belongs
Acken, in Latin, Aquce Saxonicce, a fmall town, fituated on the Elbe,
over which there is a ferry at this place. The feat of the bailiwick lies in
the old town. At Acken was anciently a commandery of the Teutonick
order, belonging to the baily or commander oi Saxony, but which was
fold to the Eledor of iJröWf/zi^arg-. Exclulive of the parifh-church, here
was alfo a foundation confifting of fix canons, and the like number of vicarages,
the revenues of which are at prefent levied by the dean of the
cathedral oi Magdeburg, but the church in 171 1 was given to the Cal~
'üinifh. The two manors formerly here, have by a purchafe made in 1700,.
been annexed to the bailiwicks. The town anciently belonged to the
Dukes of Saxon") of the Ajcanian race, and in 1277 was mortgaged by
Duke fohn to the archbifliop. In 1485 it was totally deflroyed by fire,
and in 1542 a great part of it fuffered by the like calamity.
Micheln, a parochial-village.
1 8. The bailiwick of Rofe}\biirg, which was formerly held by the Counts
oi Barby as an archiepifcopal fief, and accordingly in 1659, on the deeeafe
of Augußus Lewis the lall Count of Barby, reverted to the archbilhop..

i84 GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
^
bidiop. In 1703, by virtue of a royal mandate, it was feparated from
the dutchy, and eredied into a Chatoul or privy-purfe-bailiwick, but in
1717 re-annexed to it. To this bailiwick belong Great-Rofenburg, a cnftic
and parochial-village, with an ecclefiaftical infpedion ; and Saalfjern, fituated
at the influx of the Saale into the Elbe, where, in 1695, was eftabliflied
the fadory and ftaple for the fait exported from Halle, which
before that time was at Ackcn.
III. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Landgrave of Hejfe-Homburg-,
viz.
I. The town and bailiwick o{ Oehsfeld, which came from a family of
that name to a branch of the Oberg, who were poflefTed of it fo early as
the thirteenth century, and in 1369 offered it to the archbifhop as a fief.
On their failure, about the year 1448, the chapter, city and bailiff, granted
it to the families of Steinberg and Bottfeld; in 1459 to the Bodendykes, and
in 1485 to a line of the Bulow, on the extindlion of whom it again reefcheated
to the chapter. In 1694 the Eleftor Frederick III. made an
agreement of purchafe and exchange with Frederick Landgrave of Heffe-
Homburg, giving him for the bailiwick of Neufladt on the Do[fe, in the
county oi Ruppin, which was valued at 114,009 rixdollars, the town and
bailiwick of Oebsfeld, with the high and low judicature, all rights and
prerogatives, to be held and enjoyed by him, as an hereditary male fief;
and took on himfelf a debt of 52,000 rixdollars, in which it flood mort-
"ac^ed, and further added the fum of 2000 rixdollars towards difcharging
the intcrefts, but referved to himfelf the fovereignty both in church and
ftate. In 1701 this compacSl: was renewed, and extended to the Lando
rave's iffue and relations. The Landgraves annual revenue arifing from
the town and bailiwick amounts to upwards of 3000 rixdollars ; but the
King levies the contributions of the feveral villages. In this bailiwick is
Oebifeld, a fmall but immediate fl:ate town ; the magiflracy of which
aft under a kind of copyhold tenure, being inverted with authority only
for a limited time. This place lies on the Aller, clofe by the marfhy wood
oi Dromling, in which it is pofleffed of a part. In 1737
it confifted of about
one hundred and fixty-fix houfes. It is divided into the old and new
town, but the former confifts of only one flreet, and that not of any length.
In its
diftrift are eleven villages.
The fix following are called the Landchen, namely Kaltendorf, which
communicates with the old town of Oebsfeld by a bridge over the Aller^
JVedendorf, Breitenrode or Bredenrode, Wajfenjlorf or Wajmejiorf, Bergfried,
and Niendorf.
The other villages htvt zvc Jehrendorf, Retzlingen, Bof.orf, Lochßedt, and
Katendorf. To it likewife belong Silbeck or Zilpke, and Maxdorf, both
farms, with Jahnfmiihle.
2. The bailiwick of Hotenßeben. This bailiwick the archbifliop obtained
I
in

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. ,85
in 1247, of the Dukes of Brunfwick in exchange for that of Sdomngcn,
in J475 it was fold with power of redemption to the Bartetißebaiu Jn 164 c
it was purchafed by Count Konigjmark, who in 1662 difpofed of it to
Frederick Landgrave of Hejfe Homburg, to whom in 1664 the Eledor
Frederick William gave a fign manual for it ; and in 16 80 obtained the invelliture
thereof borli for himfelf and male iflue. To this bailiwick belong
the villages of Hotcißeben, Beniebtirg, Außcben, Warßeben (as far as refpeft its
high juiiRiidtion and certain contradts) Orßcben, lVackcrßebe?t, and fome
ruined
villages.
IV. Prelates eftates,
namely,
1. Villages belonging to the deanery of the cathedral: Thcfe are Bonjßedt,
Forder/lcdJ, Little- Ammenßcbcn, Rotbe/iße, Lemfü07'f ?i.nd Lobnitz, the
lad: of which lies not far from Cothen.
2. Villages belonging to the chapter : Of
thefe
1. To the domvogtey belong the villages o'i Oh:nßedt, Loiver-Dodeleben^
Schnorßrbrn, Flermfdorß, Thal-Warßhleben, Great-Otterßtbcn, Salpke, Weßerhüufen,
Beyendcrf an6 Weljchleben.
2. To the bailiwick of Hadmerßeben belongs
liadmcrßeben, a fmall town fituated on the Bode, and which in 1690
was almort totally dellroyed by fire, with two free-eftates here : as alfo
- The villages of Hadmerßeben, Hackeborn, Weßer-Egeln, having a free-
Langete- Wedding,
eftate and
3. To the treafury the Obedienz village of Ulnitz.
3. The fuliowing convents with their lands : viz.
1. Berge, feated on an eminence without Magdeburg. This place wfs
originally a monaftery of BenediSline monks founded in Magdeburg, by
theKmperor Otho I. 111937, and confecrated to St. Peter and St. Maurice;
but in 967 was converted into an archiepifcopal cathedral dedicated to St.
Maurice, aiidthe abbot with his monks afligned over to the new built convent
of St. John the Baptift, on the Berg or hill without Magdeburg. This convent
afterwards arrived to fo great reputation that it became one of the mofl
celebrated in all Germany. At the time of the Reformation it declared for
Lutheranijm, and this was the place where in 1577, the ßorniula conco7'dice
was drawn up and compleated by fix divines of that perfuafion. It is at
prefent under the diiedion of a Lutheran abbot, affifted by fix conventuals
and contains a Pcedagogium, whofe excellent conftitution has brought it
into great repute. Exclufive alfo of a farm at the convent, this foundation is
poflcfied of the villages of JSü^/^o, Oßer-Wedding, Dt'J :^orf znd Todejidorf,
with three other villages in the Circle of Jericho.
2. Ammenlleben, a monaftery of BenediSline Monks, confifting of an
abbot and fifteen brothers. At this monaftery is a farm, and to it likewife
belongs the wW^.'gz oi Great-Ammenßeben.
3. Old-Haldeißden, a 7?ö;ff/7;/-catholic nunnery of the Cißercian order,
fituated not far from the town of New-Haidenßeben and the Ohre, and'
Vol, VI. B b founded
and

,
J 86 GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
founded about the year 965 by Gtvo, Qowx\i oi Haldevßcben. The patronage
belonged to Duke Hatry the Lyon, but that Duke being put under
the ban ot" the Empire, the cathedral acquired both the convent and the
town of Ne-w-HaldenJkhen. It confifls of a domina, twelve nuns and a
priorefs. To the convent is annexed the village of Old-Haldenfleben
which was the refidence of the ancient Counts ot Haldenjleben. 1 he inhabitants
of this village are Lutherans. In the convent are two churches,
viz. one Rofnan-cs.i\ioWc for the ufe of the convent itfelf, and fuch of
that perfuafion as dwell within its liberty ; the other Lutheran, and appropriated
to the ufe of the Lutheran inhabitants in the villages, though the
minifter is nominated by the convent. Exclufive alfo of this village and
the farm at the convent, to it belongs the village of JVedringen, containing
a free manlion-houfe, and that of Pfahldorf, as alio the farm oiGluJig.
4. MayendorJ] a Roman catholic nunnery of the Cijicrcian order, confining
of a domina, eighteen nuns and a Lutheran fuperior. This nunnery is
poflefled only of a farm and a manfion-houfe at Jeringfdorf.
5. Marieriborn a Lutheran nunnery, which was formerly of the Cißercian
order. To it belongs one fingle farm, and that having no village.
6. Marienßuhl, a catholic nunnery of the Cißercian order, fituated a little
without Egeln, and confifting of an abbefs, fixteen nuns and a fuperior.
This nunnery has a farm, and a free manfion-houfe at Bleckendorj\
with another at T'arthtm, and fome land at We/ier-Egehi.
7. The convent ol Riddagßyuafen, lying in the dutchy oi Brunfwick which
is poflefled in this Circle ot the village of Unfeburg, with a free manfionhoufe.
The convent oi Marienthal pofleiles in the fame Circle the villages
of Sierßeben, Hackenßadt and Warßehen, containing each a manfion-houfe,
together with MammendorJ ; and the convent of Marienberge likewife is
proprietor of the village and manfion-houfe of Altena.
4. Copy-hold eflates, the greatefl part of which belong to
1. The family of Ahenßeben. This family is pofifefled of the noble
manor of Neugaterßben, which is divided into the old and new fide,
and contains two villages ; as Mo of Randan confiding of two villages, Eichenbarlcben,
containing one, T^cy^te confifiing of three, and iiZz/wj/^^/r^ formerly
called Hunoldisburg having fix villages, one of which lies in the Old-Mark.
2. To Count Schulenburg, who is proprietor of the manors of Altenhaufcn,
Hohen-Warßeben and Angern, to which belong nine villages, with
the caftle of JVolfsburg, having the villages dependent on it.
3. To the Vehheim family, which is poflefled- of
One half of the burg and lordfhip of Alvenßeben ; as alfo
Of the manors of Harpke, Bartenßehen and Rottmerßeben, confiding of
ten villages, among which is Morfchleben, formerly containing falt-fprings,
but at
prefent coal-pits.
4. To the Kotz family, who are proprietors of the edates and villages
oi Great and Little-Germerßeben, with a part alio oi Little -Qßberßeben.
t
5^ Thft

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. ,87
5. The other manors here are Bonigkejidorf^ Donßadt, Little-Ofcherjleben,
MaxdorJ\ ^aiid-BeyendorJ.
II. The JERICHO Circle
Lies to the eafl: of the v'wcv Elbe, being furroundcd by the Mark, the
prrncipality of Anheilt, and a part of the eledloral Circle. In it are
J. The following immediate towns : "ciz.
Burg, a town feated on the Ihle, and containing an ecclefiaflical infpection,
with two Lutheran churches, one German church, and one belonging to
the Calviniji French. In this town alfo are fome good woollen manufadures.
By virtue of the peace of Prague concluded in 1635, the town and bailiwick
oi Burg were feparated from the cathedral, and transferred hereditarily
to the houfe of Saxony, though as a fief of the cathedral ; which cefiioa
was confirmed to it in 1648, at the peace of WeßphaUa; but by a convention
agreed on in 1687, betwixt the Eledtor Frederick William and
"Johji Adolphus Duke of Saxe-Weijfenfch, the former re-annexed the town
and bailiwick oi Burg to the dutchy of Magdeburg. See Vol. V.
In the years
1618, 1623, 1626, 1630, 1635, 1677, 1680, 1691 and 1701, fome
dreadful fires happened at this place, but it has fince recovered itfelf.
Sandau, a town feated on the Elbe, and containing a Lutheran
church, with a fmall congregation oi Germaji Calvinißs, who are united to
that of Jericho. In the year 1695 this town was totally confumed by fire,
but is at prefent handfomer than ever. It belonged anciently to the Mark^
but in 1351 was acquired by archbifhop Otho for the cathedral.
II, The following royal bailiwicks : "uiz.
1. The bailiwick of Jericho, to which belong the villages of Great-
Mangelfdorf, Redekin, Heydebleck and Klitzenick. This bailiwick devolved
from the houfe o{ Brandenburg io the cathedral, at the fame time with Sandau.
2. The conventual bailiwi>.k of Jericho, which is formed out of a Premonßratenfian
abbey once belonging to the Markdi Brandenburg, and which
in 1356 became the property of the cathedral. In this bailiwick lies
Jericho, a town feated on the Elbe, and which exclufive of a Lutheran
church, contains alfo a congregration of German Calvinißs, to which are
joined the fmaller congregations at Gentin and Sandau :
Eight villages.
3. The bailiwick of Sandau, confining of fix villages.
together with
4. The bailiwick of Old- Plato, containing
Gentin, a fmall town, which in 17 10 was entirely deftroyed by fire.
Exclufive ofaL«/i)dTrt;z congregation here is
united
with that of Jericho.
alfo another oi German Calvinißs,
Old-Plato, a village, in which formerly flood a convent, and now the
feat of the bailiwick : together with
Four other villages.
Bb 2 c. The

i88 GERMANY, [Magdeburg.
5, The bailiwick of Loburg, to which belongs
hoburg^ a fmall town containing an ecclefiaÜical infpedion, and which
exclufive of the Liithercm church, has alfo a fmall congregation of German
Calvh?i/is, incorporated with that of Burg. In the year 1660 this town
was dellroyed by fire. At this place are three free eftates
Sclnveinitz, a farm lying not far from the town and being the feat of
the bailiwick :
Three villages.
6. The bailiwick o^ Derben and Ferchland, which was formed out of two
vacant manors and villages belonging to the Locbans.
7. The royal and princely bailiwick of Nigrip formed out of manors,
which were purchafed of the Morner, Treiko and IVuIffen families, by
King Frederick William, who eredled them into a bailiwick for the benefit
of his fecond fon. In it are four villages.
III. The following eflates belonging to prelates : 'ciz.
1. To the provoflfliip of the cathedral belong the villages of Gerwijch^
Corbclitz,
Lojlau and Cracaii.
2. To the chapter of the cathedral the village of Buden.
3. To the convent of Berge are annexed che villages ot Pecnau, Preßer,
and Calenberg.
IV. Copy-hold eflates, the principal prnprietors of which are
1. The family of Munchbaufen, which is pofT-fud c: c'.e town and
bailiwick oi Meckern. Ihefc cllates w.re contcrreuon the ciri^Cviral by the
Marggraves of Brandenburg^ and in 1195, the donation was confirmed by
the Emneror Henry VI. The cathedra! ftrft inverted the Counts of Lindau
with thefe eftates, who transferred th«. in to the Alvcnßeben family, from
whom archbifbop Albert, with Count Lindaus confent reafTumed them,
and in 13QO gave them to the chapter of the cathedral. Afterwards feveral
families, and among others, the Princes of Anhalt-Zerbß, became
pofTcfled of them as fiefs belonging to the chapter, but in 1684 they pafTed
to the Grnpendorfs, and from them in 171 2, to a line of the Barons of
Muncbbaujen. Thty confift of
Mockern, a fmall town having an ecclffiaflical infpe

Magdeburg.] GERMANY, l8(
4. The family of Arnim, are poflefled of the manor of Deefen together
with four villages.
5. The family of Alvenßebcn, are poflefled of Schermen manor, confifl:lng
of three villages.
6. The family of i^Trt//^, of the manors of Neutiklietzfche, JFuß, Vieritz,
Sydau and Scharlippe, with feven villages.
7. The family of Werder, of Wolterjdorf, Chade, Bretti?i and Rogafen
alio with five villages.
8. The family of Bietzke, of the B enfdorf rmnor, with three villages.
9. The family of B'-ieJl of the manor of Bohna, with two villages.
10. The family oi Hunecke, of the manor of °Jerchel, with two villages.
11. The Barons oi Plotho, of the manors ot Portland 'Zerben, with
fix villages. At Parey begins the Plauen canal in the Elbe, which enters
the Mark, at Plauen in the Havel.
12. The family of Tr^i/Jo, arc pofl"eflred of the manors of Ävc/^ö, Btitzer,
Jerchel, Milo, Schlagentin, Little-JVußerwitz, Old and New-Konigsborn,
Niermark and Scharteuke. Tiieir manor of Scholeiie here, they fold in the
year 1723 to one of the Barons of P* i?izen, and that of Littie-Mangelfdorf,
with their fhare of Great-Mangeljdcrf and Jericho, in 1743, to Gajpar
Wichard -von Platen.
13. The other manors in this diftridl are Charo, Deterßjagen, Drezel,
Golwitz, Hohenziatz, Lubbars, Malenzien, Mojcr, Netelitz, Parchheim,
Rtetzel, Tuchum, Wolterjdorf, Wormhiz, Warchau and Zabakuck.
III. The SAALE Circle
The greateft length of which lies along the Saale. This Circle is furrounded
by the county of Mansfeld, the elcdVorate of Saxony, and the principality
of Anhalt. Its greateft bieadth does not much exceed one German
mile, but its length is above five. It is a fine corn country. At Halle are
falt-fprings of very confiderable produce, at Wettin, Lobegun and Dolau
coal-mines, at Rothenburg a copper-mine, the metal of which yields likewife
fome filver, and gold duft is found here in the fands of the Saale, though
in fmall quantities. The whole Circle contains in it feven towns, one
hnu'lred and twenty-nine villages, and fifty-nine parochial-churches, of
which the principal are as follows, viz.
I. One immeuiate town, that is to fay
Halle, which is alfo furnamed in Magdeburg and Saxony, by fome called in
Latin Hala Venedorum or Plermundurorum, lying on the Saale and containing
1063 houfes which pay taxes, exclufive of its public edifices as well civil
and ecclefiaftical. This town is divided into four parts, named the Maria,
Ulrich, Nicolas and Maurice quarters. The inhabitants of this town and
fuburbs are computed by M.Dreyhaupt at 13 or 14,000, but in this calculation

1 9,0 GER
M A N T. [Magdeburg.
dilation neither the ftudents nor garrifons arc included. In this town is
a French and Palatine colony. The Mauriceburg was anciently a caftle
and the refidence of feveral archbifhops, but in the feventeenth century
was befieged, in 1637 let on fire, and in 1689 a part of it blown
up by the Swedes^ fo that it lies now principally in ruins. The lower
part of the remaining buildings to the eaft, ferves for the main guard of
the garrifon, and the upper part for its lazaretta. The chapel of the old caftle
is at prefent polTeffed by the French Cah'uiijh. The Mauriceburg being
untenantable, the laft adminiftrator of the archbifliopric built a new
palace here, which was formerly called the rcfidence-houfe, but at prefent
that part which is not empty is taken up by manufafturers and ofHcers of
the revenue. The three Lutheran parifli-churches here, are that of St.
Marys which is the chief, and commonly called the Market-church. Of
this church the red tower, which is yet ftanding in the marlcet-place, formed a
part. It has alfo a public library which is kept in a ftone-building fronting it.
2. St. U/rich's church. 3. That of St. Maurice. In this town are likewife two
Lutheran ecclefiaftical infpedtions tor the Saale Circle. The German Cahinißs
are poffeffed of the refidence-church and cathedral, and as we have before
obferved the French Cahinißs have the chapel in the Mauriceburg. The
Papifts are likewife permitted a chapel on the Kuhlenrunnen, for the private
exercife of their religion, and the yews have a fynagogue. The celebrated
Frcderickian
univerfity here was formed out of an academy of martial exercifes,
and on the twelfth o( "July 1694 confecrated with great folemnity.
Since that time to the twelfth of "July 1744, containing a Ipace of fifty
years the number of ftudents in it has amounted to 29,322, among whom
were two Princes, one hundred and twenty Counts, 2253 Barons and
gentlemen, 12,278 ftudents of divinity, 12,626 ftudenis of law, and 1941
of phyfic. In the weighhoufe lies the public hall belonging to the
univerfity, as alfo its library, which confifts of upwards of 10,000 volumes,
and on the parade it has an anatomical theatre. The theological feminary
of divines here was founded in 1695, ^^^ of the revenues of the convent of
Hillerßeben in the Holz Circle, but the conventual bailiwick was annexed
by King Frederick William in 1720 to his demefnes, who conferred on the
theological faculty in lieu thereof, the fum of 30,000 rixdollars, by the produce
of which the feminary was to be fupported. On this in 1726 it purchafed
the manor of Beefen on the Etfler for the fum of 49,000 rixdcllars, together
with that of Ammendorj which was the property of the city oi Halle. The Lutheran
g)mnafium here of ten clafles, and as many mafters, is kept in the bare^
footed cowveni, the church belonging to which, now called ihefchool-church, is
appropriated to \.he gymnaßutn, the univerfity, and garrifon. The Cahiniß
gymna/ium illußre et regium, has two procefies, five clalTes and a library.
The fecular free-nunnery here for ladies was founded in 1702, for the
reception of one abbefs and nine ladies of the Calvi?iifi religion, by Godfrey
Jena

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. 19,
j^(V?

92 G E R M A N r. [Magdeburg.
fovereign. The fait here is boiled with pit-coal. Thofe for whofe profit
the fait is boiled are called Pfanners, and muil be freemen of Halle. The
boiling itfelf is performed by the Hallen^ who are delcendants of
the Wends, a people who in ancient times inhabited this country, and ftill
retain their drefs, language and cuftoms. The vale-courts were in 1722,
in fome degree united with the Schoppenjlubl and Burg-courts. Tlieir
judge is fliled the Saltgrave, who at preient is the fenior or a member of
the ScboppenJiubL and is nominated by the King. The boiling of the King's
quota of the Soole is, by compadt afiigned to the company o^ Pfanners,
who are to pay the profits anfing from it, into the King's exchequer at the
rate of fix grofchen per Zober. As the Pfanners alfo ufed to let the furplusof
the Soole which they were not able to make ufe of, run to warte into the
Saale, the Ele

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. 193
the whole dutchy of Magdeburg, and poffibiy of all the King's territories,
being farmed for upwards of 100,000 rixdollars. In it are fix farms, with
four numerous Hieep-waiks, four water-mills, three large brew-houfes enjoying
an exclufive privilege, fine ponds, a ferry over the Saale, a brick-kiln, the
receipt of toll and conduä:, which are of confiderable produce, and extend
throughout far the greateft part of the Saale Circle. It is likeu'ife poffefTedofthe
high and low jurifdiftion over four towns, fifty-eight villages,
and four marches paying taxes ; as alfo over the territories of Halle, and
Tome free-houfes within that city. Among the places fubjed: to it is
Neumark^, sl town, fituated clofe to the north-fide of ä///^, without the
Ulrich-gate, infomuch that it feems one of its fuburbs, though in reality it
is not. This town confifts of about two hundred and eighty-three houfes,
has its own maglflrate, a parochial-church, and a fmall fchool. The
building of it was occafioned by the ancient convent at Neuewwerk.
Glauche, another town, lying fo near -the walls of Halle, without the
Rana and Maurice gates, as likewife to feem a fijburb belonging to that
city. This town Vi/as formed out of the villages of Upper and Lower.
Glauche, Bellendorf, at prefent known by the name of the vineyard, Klitzfchendorf,
and Stei?TWCg, with two manors. All thefe under archbifhop
Albert IV. were ereded into a borough, and afterwards into a town, which is
now divided into Glauche and Upper-Glatiche, and contains about three
hundred and thirteen houfes, public edifices included. The vineyards, excepted,
its hereditary jurifdidion belongs to the magiftracy and hill-court
at Halle. It has however its own magiftrates, and contains one parirtichurch,
with a fmall fchool. The moft remarkable buildings here are the
orphan-houfe, thz voyiX pcedagogium, the widows-houfe, ^c.
Its orphan-houfe, wiiich is fo univerfally famous, is one of the mofl:
noble and ufelul foundations in all the Frußian dominions, and has rifen to
its prefent greatnefs and profperity purely by donations remitted hither from
many countries and places. In the eftablifliment, confii:ution, and original
government of it, the celebrated Profefilbr Augußm Hermann Pranke
made a moft aflonifhing difplay of his confidence in God, and zeal for the
propagation of real Chriffianity. He undertook it in 1694, on a very
flender foundation, notwithfianding which, the many large and convenient
buildings now ftanding, and which are partly of fi:one and wood, were
ereded in 1698. In this orphan-houfe only two hundred orphans, one
hundred and fifty boys, and fifty girls, are maintained and brou^^ht up
gratis ; of which, fince the commencement of this foundation, till the
year 1749, above 2180 children have enjoyed the benefit; but other younoperfons
likewife receive their inftrudion in its fchool. The Latin fchool
is admirably regulated, and indeed the only one of its kind. Tiie Lati7t
tongue is taught here in eleven or twelve clafles, divinity in ten, mathematics
in two, phyfic in one, and logic in two of the higher Latin claiTe-,
Vol. VI. C c the

,94-
GERMANY, [Magdeburg.
the French in tlirce, ,2;eography in three, hiftcry in two, Grak in feven,
Hebrew in fix : writing, arithmetick, epiftolary correfpoiidencc, and finging,
are alfo taught here. The inftruäion of its alunnii is performed by
fifty ßndioß and candidaii Tkeologia, under the care of two infpcdtors. The
youths inftrudcd here come not only from all the Protertant parts of Gcr-
7;:i!ny, but likewife from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Rujia, Polajid, FrtiJfia,
Courland, Hungary-, Tranfilvania, Swiferland, Holland, and England',
fome have alfo been {

Magdeburg.] GERMANY, 195
and the provifion for the free table, are at prefent all defrayed out of the
eftates and revenues of the orphan-houfe. Among the former is a farm
at
the houfe, with two free eftates at Riedeburg, and one at Canene (the three
laft of which lie in the Saale Circle) not to mention thofe in other parts.
The
orpha}-i-hoiife at prefent flrenuoufly applies itfelf to the cultivation of filk,
in which it has already made no inconfiderable progrefs. There is fcarce
any foundation can be named, which has fent forth fo great a number of
ufefiil perfons, particularly of edifying preachers, and thofe not only in
Germany and other European countries, but even to America and yJJhi.
Its privileges alfoare very confiderable, and by royal charter, annexed to
the univerfity of Halle, and under its jurifdiction. Thefe privileges, including
what is annexed to the univerfity, extend alfo to
The roval Pädagogium, which is a fpacious ftruä;ure, ereded between
the years 171 1 and 1713, clofe by the orphan-houfe, on fome ground belonging
to it, and even at its own expence. It is alfo under the fame diredtion
with it, though totally diftindt and feparate therefrom. This
noble feminary owes its foundation to the eminent Profeflbr Franke. In
it young noblemen and others of creditable families, are, at their own expence,
taught the languages and fciences by teachers of approved abilities,
under the direftion of an infpeäor, who is always a perfon of diftinguiftied
learning and virtue. The number of ftudents educated here from the year
1695 to 1749, amounts to 1603, who were fent hither from various parts
of Europe, and among them are twenty-five Counts, and ninety-four Barons.
The Pädagogium has its ^i.xxxcuX^.v jeminarium prctccptorum.
To the crphan-\\ov^{^ alfo belong two charitable foundations in Glaucke,
namely a nunnery and Canjlcin, an alms-houfe for widows.
Lobegun, a town, fituated about half a German mile's diftance from
Petersberge, and not far from FwZ'W. This town confifts of two hundred
and fifty-two houfes, and contains an ecclefiaftical infpedtion, with a Lutheran
and Gz/wV;^ congregation (the latter of «.hich is united with that
oiJVcttin) a Latin ich.oo\, and a hofpital. Befides its magiftracy, which
is compofed of five perfons, here is alf) a jufticiary of the King's nomination.
Lobegun was in being fo early as the days of Olho I. and foi nierly
in the pofieffion of the Counts of /^Ft'///«. In 1153 the upper part of it
came to the cathedralj and in 1288 the lower. In the fixteenth and feventeenth
centuries it fuffered frequently by fires ; but the greatert of thefe
was in 1583. Near the town is a coal-mine.
Connern, a town, of one hundred and eighty-nine freemen's houfes lying
within its walls, and two fuburbs, containing one hundred and thirtyfour
more. Befides thefe it has a Lutheran and one Calviniji congregation,
the latter of which is united with that at A'W.'/n j as alio a fchool,
an alms-houfe, a governor, and a magifi:racy confifling of five perfons.
It is a place of great antiquity, and in 1004, or according to others in
C c 2 J007,

196 GERMANY. [Migdeburg.
1007, was, by the Emperor Henry II. conferred on the cathedral; but in
1473 buffered greatly by fire, as it had likewiie Jrequently in the llxteenth
and leventecnth centuries ; and in the thirty years war was almoft deftroyed.
Giebickenßein, a very ancient place, frequently n;ientioned by the hiftorians
of the middle ages, and lying on the Saale, about one-third of an
hour's diftance from Neumarkt. This town, in remote ages, was the property
of the Saxon Emperors, till in 965, Otho I. conferred it on the cathedral
of Magdeburg. Its caftle was very ftrong, as being fituated on a high
rock, and therefore was the ufual place of confinement for pri Toners of
note. Among others Lewis II. founder of the Counts of Tkuringia is
faid to have been irnprifoned here, whence he freed himfelf by a hazardous
leap from a window in the caftle into the Saale, but this fadt is very
dubious. In fucceeding times it became the ufusl refidence of the archbifliop,
when they vihted thefe parts, till Archbifliop Erneß making
himfelf mafter of Halle, built Moritzburg in that city, and removed his
court and officers there. Since that time the caftle has fallen gradually to
decay, and in 16^6 it was deftroyed by fire, fo that fome old walls and
the tower are all that remain. The archbiftiop had a Burgrave at this
place, under the title of captain. At prefent the chief of the bailiwick,
inftead of any concern in the jurifilidtion and finances thereof, has only a
falary, with fome perquifices. At the loot of the ruined caftle is a farm.
The villages of the bailiwick of Giebicbenjlein are divided into the five
following Fjlegen or diftrids, viz.
1. Grotzfche Pflege, confifting of fifteen villages, among which is the
parochial village of Giebichefjßein, lying beneath the ruined caftle, on the
Saale, with a ferry over it; Trotha, a parochial-village, alfo fituated on
the Saale, on which, at this place, is a fluice ; together with the parochialvillage
of Seebeji, containing a bailiwick-farm,
2^ The Oppin Pflege,
confifting of twenty-two villages.
3. The Ofzmund Pflege, of eleven villages, as namely Grofzkugel, a pa-,
rochial-village, ^c.
4. Heyde Pflege, fituated on the other fide of the 5^^/?, and containing
nine villages, in three of which, namely in Lettin^ Nietleben, and Lai7gen-
are bailiwick farms.
boQ^en,
^^. Holzkreis, to which belong the villages o^ Burg, Radewcll, and Ofendorf^
2. The bailiwick of Rotenburg, with a copper-mine, which formerly
produced, and that too for a confiderable time, upwards of 100,000 rixdollars;
but on the Gokioitz quarter, being overflowed without a pofiibility
of draining off the water, its produce has decreafed very greatly. The
llate is fufed at the old caftle of Rotenburg, but the copper is carried by
water to the public even on the Doffe, near Neufiadt, in the county
&f Ruppin ; each quintal of which, after filtration, yields from eight to
fixteea ouaces of ülver. For this mine, a particular mine-otücc has beeneredied.

Magdeburg.] GERMANY. 197
credled at Rotenburg. The bailiwick contains five villages. Kotenhiirg, a
parochial-vilhge, lies on the Saale, but the bailiwick buildings in it ftand on
the Schafberge, or Sheephills. Concerning the rmelting-houfe, ercdled in the
caftle for the copper ore, we have already fpoken above. Antiently the
Sputinesbiirg alfo I'tood at this place, which was conferred in 961 by Othol.
on the church of Magdeburg ; but this has long fince, and according to
fome fo late as the year 1074, been demoliihed. Its ruins are dill vifible
on a mountain below Rotenburg, near the river Saale. In the fifteenth
century Coppe von Amcndorf, proprietor of the place, in lieu of the former
ruined caftle, erefted a feat here below the Saale, which is the building
now ftanding. After paiTing, with its dependencies, through feveral hands,
in the year 1605 it reverted to the cathedral, to which it has continued
annexed as a demefne bailiwick of the fovereign's. The wooden bridge
here over the Saale, ierves only for the ufe of the mine, but a little above
Rotenburg is a ferry to Brücke, which lies in the Friedeburg bailiwick of
the county of Maiisjcid.
3. The bailiwick oi Wettin, being a part of the ancient county of 7f£-///;/,
the proprietors of which became extiiiil; in ]2go, in the perfon of Otho III.
Count oi Brene and JVcttin., who, in 1288, made a donation of the county
Q){ I'Vett'w, to the cathedral oi Magdeburg, The arms for this bailiwick
were pearl, a lion ruby. In the year 1446 Archbifliop Frederick fold
Wettln, together with Krozigkcaßle, to Coppen von Amendorf, and Gajpar aus
dem Winkel, who divided the lands betwixt them, and inverted each parcularly
with his fliare. The male fief heirs of Amendorf becoming extinct
in 1550, their part of /ff^//;? efcheated to the cathedral, whogr;nted it
to the Counts of Mansfeld; but the debts of the latter foon obliged them to
part with it to the Schonburg family, of whom the Marggrave John Frederick,
adminiftrator of M^/giA'^z^r^g-, purchafed it, and thus again annexed it
to the cathedral. The otner half of Wettin is ftill polTeffed hy the ancient
noble family of Aus dem Winkel, which, though a branch of the
Krofigks, have relinquifhed that name, and term themfelves Aus dem Winkel.
The Wettin coal-mine yields a hard and ponderous coal, with a large
mixture of an earth of a pitchy quality. This mine is not fo rich as formerly,
efpecially fince the ore part of it took fire in 1738, by the heat of the fun,
on which account feveral fliafts have been filled up, and other means ufed
for quenching and intercepting the fire, though the apprehenfions of it
are not yet totally fubhded, the flame having broke out feveral years after.
The town of Wettin and its territory is, both with refpedl to its high and
lov/ jurifdidlion, fubjed: to the fovereign and the aus dem Winkels, who
jointly appoint a judge for the town and country. Their joint court is
alternately held at the King's bailiwick-office and Winkel-houk, by the
King's bailiff, the joint-judge, and the Winkel family's receiver. The
town-council is likewife fubjedt to this joint court. The town itfelf ftands
oa

1 98 GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
on and between the mountains, on which the burg and feat are fituated ;
being nigh the Saale, over which it has a ferry ; and below the town, at
Fogeritz m\\\, is a fluice for the ufe of Shipping. Within the town are
only one hundred and fixteen houles, but it has alfo fome lubuibs, of
which hereafter. Exclufivc of the Luthcratt congregation, who are
poflefled both of the town-church and free-fchool, here are fome German
Cahin'tßs-, who perform divine fervice in a hall of the burg, and the minifter
of which officiates likewife to the Cahinißi at Lohrgun, Connern,
Rctcnbmg, and Jlißeben. The inhabitants principally fubfift by working
at the muies. Wettin has frequently fuffered by fire, particularly in the
years 1660 and 1714.
Under the jurifdidion of the joint-court likewife ftands the fuburb of
Law^e-Reibc, with the villages of Lobnitzmark and Dudekben, the latter
of which belongs to the ancient prelacy of this place, now enjoyed by the
paftor of Wettin, who is poflefled of the hereditary jurifdiöion over the
village.
The royal bailiwick has its feat at the Grajenhofe, as it is called, which
was formerly the SchrapJau burg-fief; and includes the high and hereditary
jurifdioion over the villages oi LetiL-itz, Sy!bitz, Trebitz, Gcrbitz, and
Raunitz, with the diftricfs of four other ruinated v 1 ages. To it alfo is
annexed the burg-bailiwick o^ Wettin, confiding of the villages oi Modrau,
Priejler, and ZaJ'chwiiz. The burg where the old Counts oi Wettin had
a Burgrave, as commandant, ftands on a high rock at the weft end of
Wettin, with the Saale running benesth.
To the Winkel bailiwick belcngs the old caftle of Wettin, feated on the
abovementioned rock, but a little lower than the burg, and more tc wards
the fouth. In it is a church, together wi:h the fuburbs of Fcgeritzmark
and Miihlgaß'e, and the villages of Scblettaii, Dalene, Dornniitz, Doblitz,
Neutz, and Sieglitz.
4. The bailiwick of Brachivitz, confiding of the parochial-village of
Brachivttz on the Saale, and the two manors there, of which, in 1703,
one efcheated to the Sovereign, the other he acquired in 1705, by purchafe.
'5. The bailiwick of Beejen on the Saale, lying at the end of the Saale
Circle, and on the border of the principality of Anhalt. This bailiwick
was formerly a manor, which was dividrd into New and Old-Bccfen. Of
the former, in 1720, the King made a purchafe, as he did alfo of the latter,
in 1737 ; out of them both conftituting a bailiwick, to which, befides Beefen
on the Saale, and the parochial-village of Z/i7z//^//;?^f«, belong five other villages.
At Pregel mill, on the Saale, is a lluice.
6. The Chatoiil, or privy-purfe bailiwick of Petersberg, which, with
all its regalia, fovereignty, &c. was purchafrd in 1697 by the Eleöor
Frederick III. oi Augtijhn King oi PoLmd, Eleöor of Saxony, for the fum
of 40,000 rixdoUars. This bailiwick was incorporated with the dutchy
of

Magdeburg.] GERMAN T.
199
oi Magdeburg, and placed under its regency and revenue oHice ;
yet as
being a privy-piirle bailiwick, is not included in the provincial taxes thereof.
It was formed out of the convent of St. Peter^ which formerly flood
on the Lauter, or Peter's hill, but is environed on all fides by a fpacious
plain, fo as to be feen at the diftance of leveral miles. This ancient convent
was begun by Z)t't/ö Count of JVeitin, and finifiied in 1136 by his
brother and heir Conrad, afterwards Marggrave o^ Mijiiia. In ij 55 the
latter caufed it to be confecrated, fubjeding it immediately, to the lee of
Rofne, but with a refcrve of the patronage to his own family. It was
an abbey of regular Augujlincs, and in its church lie interred divers of the
Marggraves of M//«/i? oi \}iit Wettin family. In 1540 it was fecularized
by Henry Duke oi Saxony. Iw "1565 the church belonging to it was burnt
down, but the middle part was lo far repaired as to fcrve for a pariflichurch.
The greater part of the buildings belorigirg to the convent, and
afterwards to the bailiwick-office, have been pulled down ; but in 1726 and
1737 the bailiwick-oifice itlelf, with the dwellings and flieep-ftalls were
rebuilt at the foot of the mountain towards the weft. To it belongs the
village of Ncglitx, fituated cloi'e by the mountain ; with that of Sproda,
ricar DcUtz, which is four German miles diftant tvom Petershrge ; and five
free eftates, which were formeily conventual farms.
III. Walii-itz and Dcßel, vallal-vülages, belonging to the chapter of
the cathedral.
IV. The copy-hold eftates, containing
1. The bailiwick of Aljlebcn, which, with other eftates, anciently belonged
to the Counts of Alßehen. The laft Count, by name Henry, dying
ill 1128 his mother fold Aißeben to the cathedral. The archbiflif>ps, after
feveral mortgages, transferred it, in 1479, hereditarily to the Krofigk family.
In 1 747 Ham George Krofigk, with the King's confent, difpofed of the
manor of Aißeben to Prince Leopold Maximilian of Anhalt-Deß'au. The
bailiwick of Aißeben is not however to be confounded with that of Great-
Alßrben, which has been already defcribed under the principality oi Anhalt-
Deßau. To it belongs
Aißeben, a fmall town, fituated on the Saale, and confifting of one
hundred and eight houfes. The high and low jurifdidion over this town
is vefted in the baihwick or manor, but it has a magiftracy of four perfons,
and exclufive of Lutherans, a Calviniß congregation, which is united
with that of Wettin. The parifh-church here was anciently a collegiate
foundation, which was formed out of a nunnery, as the latter had alfo
been out of a free fecular nunnery, which held immediately of the Emperors
; and in 1130 was exchanged by the Emperor Lotharius lU, with
the cathedral, for Scharz/cld caftle in the foreft of Harz. In 1561 the
revenues arifing from it were appropriated to the deanery of the cathedral
of Magdeburg, from v.'hich it came to the family of Kro/jgk, infomuch that
the-

200 GERMANY. [Magdeburg.
the whole of it at prefent remaining to the collegiate church in this town
confiAs of a few acres of land, with foir.e hereditary rents, which are collefted
and accounted for by the baihff and the minifter of the cathedral or
college, who, in the leafes granted, ftile themfelves conflituted prefidcnts
of the cathedral and collegiate church of St. 'Jdm the Bapliji at Alflcbcn.
It I'uffered greatly by fires in 1589, 1590, 1591, 1667, j 704, and 1718,
by feme of which it was even entirely deftroyed.
The old village ol Alßeben, lies fo near the town walls, as to feem a fuburb
of it. In this village is a parochial-church.
Belleben, a parochial-village, belonging to ZwVz-houfe, in the principality
of Anhalt, and confequently to the line oi Anbalt-Hoym-Schaiimburg, This
village lies about one hour's dillance from Alßeben, and confills of one
hundred houfes, exclufive of a feat. The Eledor Frederick William, to
whom it efcheated, difpofed of it in 1684 to Prince 'john George oi Anhalt-
De£au, who, in 1685, fold it for the (um of 34,000 rixdollars, to Prince
ViBor Amadeiis of Anhalt-Eernburg, and made it zfidei cotnmijjiim, together
with Zeitz.
2. The Krojigks are poflefled of the manors of P i
fzdorf Sind Gnelbs, the
latter of which contains three villages, with Mukrena, containing one,
Poplitz, Laublingen, comprehending a part of the village of that name, and
Mcrbitz^ in which lies the village of Merbitz.
3. The Trothai are pofleffed of the manor, v/ith the feat o^ Krofigk, and
three villages.
4. The Rcluchhaupts, of the manor of Trebnutz, containing two villages.
5. The Albiirgs, of the manors formerly belonging to the Diakau family,
namely Dieikau, containing two villages, Lochau, and Gottenz. At
the firft of thefe, in J 745, was a Prußan encampment.
6. The niagiftracy oi Halle, or rather, at prekn', though redeemabl)',
the faculty of divinity there, are pofi'effed of the manors of Beefen and
Ammendorf, under the title of the bailiwick of Beefen on the Elßcr, comprehending
fix villages.
7. The other manors here are Dacheritz, which is uncultivated, but
contains two villages, together with Dolnutz, Hohenthurm^ Afucheln, Great-
Schierßadt, Schwarz, and Zoberitz.
IV.
The LUCKENWALDE Circle
Lies feme miles apart from the former, between the Mark of Brandenburg
and the eledoral Circle of Saxony, and was formerly filled the
Circle of 'Juterbock, that is to fay, before the treaty of tVeßphalia, had
difmembered it from the latter and Dahme. In it is
I. The royal conventual bailiwick of Zinna^ which is poficfied of the
right of jurifdiiftion over
Luckewwalde.^

Brunf. Lüneburg.] G E R M A N T, 201
Luckentvalde, a fmall town, and ccclefiaftical infpedion. In the year
1723 the greateft part of this place was deftroyed by fire.
Zinnay formerly a convent, but at prefent the feat of the bailiwick, and
a village. In the year 1667 the Ele

202 GERMANY. [Brunf. Lüneburg.
towns, villages, and fingle farms included, exceeds 40C0 ; among which
are fifty-eight cities, and above fixty market-towns. In the year 1756,
the inhabitants, by calculation, amounted to near 750,0 00.
§. 2. Thefe countries, in general, produce all the neceflaries of life,
fucli as wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas, beans, vetches, linfeed, rapefeed,
buckwheat, divers kinds of culinary herbs and roots, potatoes, very good
fruit and in great plenty ; as alfo abundance of flax and hemp, with tobacco
; and at prefent even madder and woad are cultivated here. Moft
parts of this country enjoy a fufficiency of timber and wood for fuel ; and
fome parts of it even fo great a fuperfluity, as to enable them to make
pitch and tar. The woods abound likewife in honey, wax, horfes, cattle,
llieep, and all kinds of game ; and the rivers, brooks, and ponds yield
plenty of good fiOi. In thefe countries are likewife feveral valuable foilils,
fuch as flate, limeftone, marble, and other quarries ; together with vitriol,
very rich falt-fprings, coal, turf, fulphur, lapis calaminaris, zink, cobalt,
iron, lead, copper, and iilver, which, with the other minerals here, are principally
found in the Har'Z forefl, and fome of them in no other places.
§. 3. The manufactures and fabricks here, though both receiving intreafe
and improvement, are however very confiderable.
Among them are
to be reckoned (larch and powder ; with great quantities of linen thread
of all kinds, moft of which is worked at home into linen, and even into
damask ; as alfo ribbons and laces, fome of which are in no wife inferior
to thofe of Brabant ; cere-cloths both printed and painted ; and carpets of
the mofl beautiful colours. Linen printing is likewife fo far improved
here, that the ufe of chintfes and callicoes has been prohibited. Hemp
is employed for its ufual manufadures. Cotton, after being fpun here to
the greatefl finenefs, is worked into gloves, ftockings 2nd caps, as alfo
into dimitty, either white or ftriped. It affords likewife divers forts of
tobacco and fnuits. The madder and woad growing here is made into
colours. The skins. of the wild and tatne beafls are tanned and wrought
into various kinds of leather. Both its native and imported wool is converted
to various ufes, particularly to the making of the coarfe, middling,
and fine forts 'of cloths, among the latter of which are to be diftinguiflied
thofe by Scbarff at Gottingen, which for finenefs and laffing colours equal
the Dutch, as fhall be mentioned more at large in the principality of
Calenberg ; as alfo to the making of bales, flannels, ferges, rugs, friezes,
ratines, kerfeys, duroi, and fagathie. To thefe woollen fluffs which are made
here may likewife be added camlets, fuftians, callimancoes, mohairs,
{balloons, crapes, and cafFas of all kinds and manner of patterns ; with
woollen plufn, everlafting, and other fluffs ufed for waiflcoats and breeches.
Out of worfled here are alfo made very fine caps, gloves, flockings, and
breeches ; with divers kinds of corded manufadlures, fuch as hats ; and
likewife from wool mixed with beafls hair. Other fabricks of a more
5 coftly

GERMANY, Brunf. Lüneburg.] 20-.
v5
coftly kind to be feen in this country, are thofi: of filk ribbons, flockings
and fluffs, filvcr and gold twift, galoons, fringes, laces and fvvord knots,
hat-bands and taffels, and embroidery of all forts. Here are alfo places for
the bleaching of wax; and a fugar refinery ; with glafs-houfes, manufadtories
of tobacco-pipes, and fire arms, works in iron, copper and brafs, a damafkhoufe,
fuUing-houfes, paper, and powder-mills, ZSc. with yards for fhip-building.
§. 4. Its yearly exports of grain, flax, hemp, timber, turf, cattle, butter,
cheefe, fait, minerals and other natural produdts, together with thofe of
thread, coarfe linen and other manufaftures and made goods, amountto
fome hundred thoufands of rixdollars. On the other hand its importations
of natural produds and manufaftures, are alfo confiderable.
§. 5. The principal places of education in thefe countries are the grammar
fchools znd gymm/ia in the chief towns here, fuch as the Ilfeld pcedagogium,
the Liineburg academy for exercifes, with the very exceller. t
univerlity of Gottinge7i.
§.6. The eftabliflied religion in all thefe countries is Luther anifm. The
mother or parochial churches here, are about i&wew hundred and fifty,
which are divided into forty-three particular fuperintendencies, under the
infpeäion of four general ones. In the eledloral lands, as properly fo
called, are feven Cahinijl churches, and the like number of congregation?,
in the dutchy of Bremen. The catholics, by a convention made with the
Emperor in 1692, are permitted the ufe of a church and fchool at Hanover
; and in 1713 an eledloral Diet was publiflied, relative to the exercife
cf the catholic religion there. The fecular catholic priefls of this church
are nominated by the Eledor. The exercife of the RomiPo religion is likewife
permitted at Gottingen. At Norten^ one German mile from the forme,
is a catholic college fubjedl to the archbifliop oi Mentz; and the convent of
Mariejirode has a catholic abbot and fraternity. At Wtldeß:aufen their worlhip
is performed in a houfe by a fecular prieft. The 'Je'ws are tolerated aiid
protected in the eledoral territories, and their privileges have been feveral
times confirmed and enlarged particularly in the years 1687,1697, i/iö,
and 1737. They choofe at their own pleafure, according to the JcwijJj
cuflom, a provincial rabbi, who regulates their laws, ceremonies and fynagogues
; for which end he employs the compulfive means ufed among
them, and alfo amicably adjufts, and decides all contefts in caufes where
they are permitted to follow the Alojaick-hw ; in which cafes any Jeii's
under the royal protection applying to a rabbi out of the country forfeit
their privileges ; as alfo if they anfwer to the charges of foreign Jeivs out
of the country : yet the plaintiff may apply immediately to the civil power
without bringing his complaint before the provincial rabbi.
§. 7. The mofl: illuflrious houfe, which at prefent pofleflcs thefe countries
is like that of £/?^, defcended from the powerful Marqnifs oi' ^zo, who
was proprietor of the Mihniefe, the State of Genoa aid feveral other coun-
D d 2 trie«

204 GERMANY, [Brunf. Lüneburg.
tries in Lwibardy.
About tlie year 1040 he married Cunigundahtntk of the
JVelpho eftates in Alemannia and Bavaria, and their fon IVelpko exclufive of
his father's large patrimony, and the territories of IVelpho, his mother's
brother, obtained Hl

Brunf. Lüneburg.] GERMANY, 205
Emperor and Empire as a fief, on wliich the Emperor Freäerick W. raiTed
them to a dukedom, and granted them as an imperial fief to a Duke
and Prince of the Empire of the name of Otho, and his heirs male and
female. Thus thefe lands became in a legitimate manner freed from
the dominion of the Dukes oi Saxony oi iht Afcanian race, which othervvife
were of little or no account. In 1267 his fons the Dukes Albert and
"John divided the Dutchy of Brunfwick, into the Bninßvick and Lüneburg
part, the former of which belonged to Duke Albert, and the latter to
Duke John. Duke John fon to the latter purchafed the counties of
Dannenberg and Luchau, but the Lüneburg line failed in his fons Otho and
William, and their land?, after a tedious war with the Dukes of Saxonv^
on whom the Emperor Charles had conferred them as a vacant fief, came
to the line of Brunfwick, the founder of which was the above-mentioned
•
Duke Albert, who in 1264 loft the Thuringian land or the county on the
Werre. On his demife in i
279 he was fucceeded in the government by
his three fons Henry the Admirable, Albert the Fat and William, at firfl
jointly, but afterwards they divided their patrimonial lands ; Duke Henry
obtaining Grubenhagen, Duke Albert Gottingen, and Yi\x\i&William Brwifwic'k.
The laft dying in 1292 without children the greater part of his poffeffions
devolved to Duke Albert, and the remainder to Duke Henry. The
latter, who was the founder of the Grubenhagen line, died in 1322,
leaving feveral fons particularly Henry and Ernefl. The iffue of the
former failed in Duke Otho of T^arento, whofe confort was Johanna Qneen
of Naples, the latter propagated the GrubenhagenWnsxn \\\ii\No (ons Albert
and Frederick, to the fecond of whom the county oi Lutterberg efcheated,
together with Scharzfeld, as a vacant fief, but he mortgaged it to Henry
Count of Hohnßein, whofe fon Otho died without iffue male. Albert on the
other hand was fucceeded by his fon Erich, whofe fons Henry and Albert
founded two new lines, of which one came to a period in 1526, the
other in 1596, and thus the whole Grubenhagen line became extintT".
The Brunjwtck line derives its defcent from Duke Albert the Fat, whoie
fons Otho, Magnus and Erneji, during the life of Duke Otho the eldell,
divided not their paternal territories, but he dying in 1344 without male
heirs, his two brothers made a partition, by which Duke Ermjl obtained
Gottingen, and Duke Magnus JVolfenbuttcl. However Otho the one eyed,
grandfon to the former, dying in 1463 without heirs, Duke Magnus the
Pious became the founder of the feveral families of the Dukes of Brunfwick
and Lüneburg, which are txiftent. His Ion Lewis left his lands by
will to Duke William of Lüneburg, the lad of the Lüneburg line ; but this
Duke dying in 1367, he reinvefted his brother Duke Magnus the chain
wearer, with them, who on this account became involved in a fevere war
with Saxony, which he never lived to fee terminated ; but his fons Frederick,
Bernhard zxid^ Henry arrived at length, namely by a peace in X'^'i

920 GERMANY. [Bmnf. Lüneburg.
volved to Duke Bernhard and his fons, whilft Duke Henrys fons William
and Henry obtained the principality of Brnnfivick. The latter of thefe
died in 1473 without male iffue, but Henry the ViBorious continued the
Brunfrvick line, and added to it the principaHty of Gottingen or OberwaU.
On his deceafe, contrary to his injunäion, William the Toutljj'ul and Frederick
the Reßlefs made a divifion of his lands. The former in 1495
ihared his territories between his two fons Hetiry the Malicious or ivicktd
and Erich the Elder, aligning WolJ'enbuttcl to the former, and to the latter
Calenberg and Gottingcn, but it was not till 1498 that Gö/^/«^^« was forinally
delivered up to him, in which year it was ceded in a provincial
Diet at the convent of Steina, and fince that time both countries have
conftantly been under the fame fovereign and government. The Calenberg
line which was defcended from Duke Erich came to a period in 1584, in
his fon Duke Erich the Younger, but the Woljenhuttel line which was
founded by Duke Henry, continued in his fon Henry the Younger, his
grandfon Julius, and his great grandfon Henry Julius, till it clofed in a
fon of the laft named Frederick Ulrich. The fecond of thefe Princes, namely
Duke Julius, introduced the Reformation into this country, acquired the
principality of C^/t77/^fr^, and the upper county of Hoya. The third, who
was adminiltrator of the archbilhopric of Halberjladt, annexed to his
houfe the fuperintendency and adminiftration of the abbey of Walkenried.,
and likewife took pofleirion of the vacant county of Blafikenburg, with the
principality of Grubenhagen. The fourth of thefe Dukes died in 1634,
on which his lands devolved to the Lüneburg line.
This line derives its origin as above-mentioned, from Duke Bernhard,
and was propagated in his fon Frederick, who out living his own fons,
was in 1478 fucceeded by Henry the Mediator, his grandfon by his fon
Otho the Vi£lorious ; and who in 1522 made a perpetual fettlement of his
whole country on his three fons Otho, Erneß and Francis, and the heirs
of their body. The eldefl of thefe named Duke Otho in 1527 made a
compadl of inheritance with his brothers, and fixed his refidence at Haarburg,
but his progeny came to a period in 1642, in his grandfon William.
Duke Francis refided at Gijho7-n, and left no ilTue, but Duke Erncß became
fovereign, and propagating the lineage, introduced into his dominions
the Lutheran doftrine and worfhip. His fons Henry and William
founded the two prefent flourifliing lines of the illuflrious houfe of
Brunfivick and Lüneburg, namely Henry that of Dannetiberg, afterwards
called the Wolfejibuttel line, and Duke William that of Zell. Duke Hemy
transferring the government to his younger brother relided at Danneberg,
and held the bailiwick of that name with fome others j but his third fon,
Duke Auguflus, on the failure of the old Wolfenbuttel line, acquired the
principality of Brunfwick, and refided at Wolfenbuttel. This Prince was
fucceeded by his two eldefl fons Duke Rodolphus Augußus^ and Anthony
Ulrich,

Brunf. Lüneburg.] GERMANY, 207
Ulrich, the former of whom again reduced the town oi Brmfwick to obedience,
but the youngeft Ton named Duke Ferdinand Albert h'ved at
Bevern. The immediate fucceffor of Duke Aii'hony Ulrich, was his fon
Duke AiigitJimWilliam, who dying in 173
i without heirs, was fucceeded bv
his brother Duke Lewis Rodoiphus, who before enjoyed tlie principality
o{Blankcnbu7-g. This Prince dying alfo in 1735 without heirs, the government
defcended to the fon of Duke Ferdinand Albert of Bciern, of the like
name with his father, who died in the fame year, and was fccce^ded by his
fon Duke Charles,
the prefent glorious Duke oi Brunfwick-JVolfenbutlcl.
The line of Zell, as above, is defcended from Duke William who died
in "1592, and was regularly fucceeded by his three fons Duke Chrijtian,
Duke Aiigujhis, and Duke Frederick, who all died unmarried, fo that
his only furvivors were the idue of his younger brother George.
This Prince
died in 1641 before his brother Frederick the fovereign, who lived in 1648,
arriving to the great age of feventy-four years. The harmony which
fubfifted between thefe brothers induced them to leave him the principalities
of Gottingen and Grubenhagcn. This Duke George, who fignalized
himCelf greatly in the thirty years war, left behind him four fons, viz. Chrißian
Lewis, George William, John Frederick and Ernejl Augiißus, and out of an
affurance that the principalities of Cale?2berg and Liinebiirg would likewife
fall to them, enjoyned in his will, that the regency ftiould be lodged only
in two, who were to make a partition of the countries of thefe fons. Therefore
Duke Chrißian Leicis obtained the principality of Lüneburg, and
Duke George William that of Calenberg ; but on the deceafe of the tormer
in 1665, the third brother named Duke Joh/i Frederick, took pofTeflion of the
principality of Lüneburg, which occafioned a violent quarrrcl betwixt him
and his elder brother, which quarrel however was in the fame year, adjufted
by a convention, in which it was agreed that Duke George William
fhould hold the principality of Zell or Lüneburg, with the abbey of Walkenried,
the bailiwick ol Schauen, and the counties of Hcya and Diepholz,
the laif of which he refigned to his brother Duke £r«^/,? J^//^?-;///z;^, and that
the principalities of Calenberg and Grubenhagcn fhould belong to Duke
"John Frederick. The latter of thefe brothers died in 1679, but Duke
George William, who alfo acquired the dutchy oi Lauenburg, lived till 1705.
By his fon Lüneburg and Lauenburg with the county of Hoya fell to
Du.ke Enieß Augußus, who in 1662 was created bifljop of Ofnabruck ;' in
1679 acquired the principalities of Calenberg and Grubenhagen, and in
1692 the ninth eledorate. In 1680, with the confent of Yinkt George
William, this Prince introduced into the Wilhelmin line, the right of primogeniturefhip,
which in 1689 and 1692, was confirmed by the Emperor,
together with the grant of the eleäorate. His fon the Eledor
George Lewis was in 1708 formally introduced into the college of Princes,
in 1 714 raifed to be King of Great-Britain and Ireland, and in 1715
added

2o8
GERMANY. [Brunf. Lüneburg.
addec^ to his family the dutchy of Bremen, with the principality of Verden:
In 1727 he was lucceeded in his throne, and elediorate by his only fon
George Augußus or George II. a Prince who for his eminent merits towards
Europe m general, and the German Empire in particular, will always be
revered by the friends of truth and liberty.
^, 8. At the time that the Emperor Leopold grSiUted to Duke Erneß Augußus
of Brunjwick and Limeburg and his line, the dignity of Eledtor, with all
its pre-eminencies, honours, privileges, rights and ufages ; in the faid eledorate
were included the principalities of Caktiberg, Zell and Grubenhagen, with
the counties oi Hoya and Diepholz and the other lands, bailiwicks, towns and
appurtenances belonging to the Dukes of Hanover and Zell. To this
likewife, at the Eledor's requifition, the Emperor intended to have added
the poft of archftandard bearer ; but that being oppofed by the Duke of
Wurtemberg, the Elettor voluntarily receded from his demand. In 1710
he wai inverted, however, with the title of arch-treafurer, the Eledlor
palatine who had enjoyed it, inftead of the houfe of Bavaria, at that time
under the ban, having re-obtained the poft of arch-fteward, which had
formerly been in his family ; and though the houfe of Bavaria was afterwards
reftored to the dignity of arch-fteward, yet would not the Eledlor of
Brunfwick relinquifli his title of archtreafurer, till another fuitable and indifputable
arch poft was fettled on him. Thus he not only bears the title of archtreafurer
equally with the Eledlor palatine, but adually officiated as fuch at
the coronation oi Charles VII. in 1742, and in 1745 at that of the Emperor
Francis, the Eledlor palatine being abfent. The eledtoral dignity of the houfe
of Brunjiück-Lunebiirg, was in 1703 and 1706 acknowledged by the houfe
of Brunfwick-Wolfetibutlcl, and in 1708 by the whole Empire, on which
followed his folemn introdudlion into the college of Eledlors, where the
Eledlor of Brunfwick holds the ninth feat, exclufive of the three votes,
which he poflelled before in the college of Princes for Zell, Calenberg and
Grubenhagen, as alfo of his feat and vote both in the college of Princes and
thatof Counts by virtue of other poffeflions. This houfe has further acquired
three additional votes in the college of Princes, on account of Bremen^
Verden and Lauenburg. In the college of the Counts of Weßphalia the
Eledlor of Brunfwick enjoys four votes, namely for Hoya, Diep^jolz, Spiegelberg
and Hallermund, but the laft of thefe places has been conferred on
Count Platen. Exclufive of the former ufual affeflrnents in the imperial
matricula of the diftindl principality and counties of the eledloral houfe,
which may be feen under the particular defcription of each, the Elector of
Bfunjwick has engaged for all his pofTeffions and their dependencies,
to furniOi on all public fervices, the eledloral contingent, agreeably to the
matricula, which is fixty horfe, and two hundred and feventy-feven
foot, or one thoufand eight hundred and twenty-eight florins for each Roman
month. To the chamber of IVdzlar, the amount of what he pays for
the

Brunf. Lüneburg.] GERMANY. 209
the whole of his eledoral territories is eight hundred and eleven rix'-
dollars, fifty-eight kruitzers and a half, Bremen, Verden and Laiienhurg
are rated in a part. Inftead of the two afleflbrs in the imperial chamber,
which the eletftoral houfe as fuch is entitled to fend, when all the fifty feats
are filled; their number being at prefent reduced to half the ufual compliment,
this Elector as well as his brethren, the Eledlcrs, fends only
one. Alfo exclufive of the above-mentioned privileges of the electoral
houfe, it enjoys likewife as proprietor of the Dulchy oi Bremen alternattly
with Mogdchurg^ the dired:ory of the Circle of Loioer-Suxo/iy, and nominates
an afi'eflbr to the imperial chamber: when of the houfe oi Briiufwick
it poffefies the condlrc^orium iointly with Magdeburg and Bremen, and in
this Circle enjoys five votes in the college of Princes, though but one in
the Wejiphalian Circle of the Lower Rhine among the Princes of that
Circle, and four among the Counts ; but of the latter, as we have already
obferved, that of Hallermimd has been conferred on Count Platen. It is
likewife pofTelTed of the bifliopric of Ofhabruck, alternately with a catholic
bifhop, and by virtue of the principality of Calenberg, is vefted with the
patronage of the town of Hildeßxim, which was the capital of Henry the
Lion, who accordingly kept a garrifon there. It is likewife jointly poffefied
with the houfe oi Brunfwick-Wolfenbuttel o{ \S\t patronage of the abbey
of Corvey, with the town of Hozter belonging thereto, and the imperial
city of Gofzlar : laftly it prefents one of the four affeffors in the imperial
chamber for Lower-Saxony.
§. 9. The eledtoral title is only Duke of Brunfwick and Lüneburg, and
arch-treafurer and Eledlor of the Holy Roman Empire. His arms are divided
into three fields. In the firft, which is ruby, are two leopards pafiant
topaz, with tongues and claws fapphire. In the fecond, which is topaz
femee with hearts ruby, is a lion fapphire ; and in the third, ruby a wild
horfe pearl. In an efcutcheon in the centre ruby is the imperial crown, to
denote the poft of arch-treafurer.
§. 10. The privy council at Hanover is alfo called the regency, and is
of great authority, as reprefenting the abfent Sovereign. It direcfis in all
affairs both foreign and domeftic, makes laws and iflues ordinances in his
name, grants privileges, fuperintends the regalia, the polity, the nomination
of magiflrates, and judicial ofhcers in the country towns, grants in-
veftitures of fiefs, &c. In important affairs it fends to London for the
Sovereign's inftrudions and approbation, and receives his orders. Exclufive
of the ancient electoral lands, the dutchies of Brevmi, Verden and Lauenburg
are alfo fubjeft to it, and the affairs of the country of Hadeln, are
likewife immediately referred to that board. It confifts at prefent of nine privy
counfellors, among whom are divided the feveral branches of the adminiftration,
each of which has its own department, but important affairs are
laid before the whole council, under which are the four private fecretaries for
Vol. VI. E
.
e public
'

210 GERMANY. [Brunf. Lüneburg.
public inftruments, to whom are to be added the fecretaries of State who draw
up all the other dil'patches, with the prothonotary, clerks and other officers.
§. II. The Dukes of i5r««/zwV^ and L?Wi'i^«r^ have always condefcended in
affairs relative to the government to conlult with the States of the country ;
have even entered into conventions with them and confirmed their rights
and privileges, which has infufed into the States a zealous affedion, and
unrt:!aken fidelity for them. The rights of the eledoral and acquired
countries are in general the fame, but each province has its own diftridt,
conftitution and privileges.
§. 12. In the whole eledorate are four confiftories : viz. i. at Hanover
for the eleäoral territories, the prefident of which is a privy counfellor j
another at Stade for Braue?! and Verden, a third at Ratzeburg for the dutchy
of Lauenbiirg, and a fourth at Otterndorf for the diftridt of Hadeln ; as alfo
a court of juftice at iifowcwr for the principalities of Calenberg and Grubenhagen,
and the counties of Hoya and Diepholz, with a fupreme tribunal
for all thofe countries, Grubenhagen excepted, and a court of juftice and fupreme
tribunal at Zell, for the principality of Lüneburg, a court of juftice
and fupreme tribunal at Stade, for Bremen and Verden, and a regency and
tribunal at Ratzeburg, for the dutchy oi Lauenbiirg, to the laft of which an appeal
lies from the court of Ottemdorf, in the diftridt of Hadeln. From all thefe
courts, and confequently from all the other territories of 'ihe ekdoral houfc,
appeals are brought to the Upper-Appellationsgericht, or furpreme court of
appeals eredted at Zell in 17 1 1, the prefident of which is always a member of
the privy-council. This court confifls befides of two vice-prefidents, one©f
which is of the bench of nobles, the other of that of civilians, into which
two benches the counfellors of the high court of appeals are divided. Of
thefe the Eledlor appoints four, and the country the remaining members;
that is to fay Calenberg two, Grubenhagen one, Hoya and Diepholz one, Lüneburg
ivfo, and B?-emen and Verden xhxce. In the year 1733 another feat
was introduced here, which is alternately filled up by the provinces. This
court likewife has its own prot'aonotary, fecretaries and clerks. From
this fupreme court of the eledlorateno appeal lies
to any of the imperial tribunals,
and with refpedl to the dutchies of Bremen and Verden, appeals
to the imperial courts were precluded them by the ^c^cc oi JVeßphaliüy and
fince their tranflation to the eledtoral houfe of Brunfivick, an agreement has
been made with the States relative to appeals to the high court at Zell. With
regard to the eledloral territories, the Emperor Charles VI, in 1716
granted them an unlimited privilege de non appellando, as did alfo in 1747
the Emperor Francis, wherein was included the dutchy oi Lauenburg.
§. 13. The revenues of the Eledlor arife, i. From the demefne baili-
•wicks, which are farmed out ; 2. From the land, but efpccially from
the water tolls, bridge, ferry, dyke and road-monies, 3. From the feparate
Harze mine- works, and likewife from thofe which it holds jointly
with

Brunr. Lüneburg.] GERMANY. 211
with the houfe o^ Brimfioick-PFolfcnhuftcl.
4. From the falt-works, the forefl
and hunting profits. 5. From the portage of letters. 6. From the coinage»
which on account of the good ftandard of the money of tiiis eledtorate,
produces little. 7. From the excife on foreign and home made brandies, and
8, From the contributions in »-he dutchies oi Bremen and Verden. All tlit-fe
feveral branches are managed by the Eledor's board of treafury, the chairman
of which is a member of the privy-council. At prefent two privy-counfellors
alfo fit there, exclulive ot feven other counlellors of an mferior rank,
under whom are officers of various functions and degrees.
There is likewife a convent cheft here, into which are paid the revenues
of the conventual bailiwicks, which have been formed out of the iccularifcd
convents ; the prefident of this office is alfo a member of the privycouncil.
The country levies the iicent, land-tax, excife, imports, and contribution,
but different ways, as rtiall be rtiown under the particular defcription of each
country. In the principality of Calcnberg and the county of Hoya, the
country likewife manages the corn magazine, which is payable either in
kind or money, for the fubfirtence of the garrifons in the towns. The
Iicent and monies payable into that office are principally aßigned towards
the payment of the army ; whereas the land-tax is applied to the difcharge
of debts and other fervices.
§. 14. The military eftablirtiment of the eledorate of Brunfwick-Ltmeburg,
confirts of twelve regiments of horfe, to which have been added a
body of hunters, with hufTars and light-troops; and twenty-four regiments
Of battalions of foot, which likewife have been augmented with two new
battalions, a body of hunters and another body of light-troops. This
army is chiefly paid out of the Iicent and contribution. The invalids
were in 1730 divided into kvtn companies, each confirting of three
hundred men. The fund belonging to them, receives from fuch as come
to the pofTeffion of a vacant fief of which they had the reverfion, the firft
year's neat income, with the dedudlion of debts and other difburfements.
At Zell is a hofpital for them. The militia is formed into thirty-one companies,
making in all about 5000 men. The adminiftration of civil juftice in
the army is managed by a particular court or offices, conlifting of two
members of the privy-council and four counfellors at war, whereas criminal
jurtice is ex.cuted here by the civil power, in which their proceedings are
regulated by the martial laws and edifts.
§.15 In the eleiftoral territories are, i. Towns having both criminal and
civil jurifdidtion. 2. Abbeys and convents, which are yet occupied,
though their jurifdidlion is limited to their own walls. Thefe however
receive orders immediately from the fovereign, and fuch as have jurifdidlion
hold courts for the collecting of the Iicent ;
and pay the monies arifing therefrom
into the military fund, not allowing even the Elector's officers any
E e 2 power

212 GERMANY. [Bremen.
power within their boundaries. 3. Conventual bailiwicks formed out of
the eftates of fecularifed convents. 4. Demefne bailiwicks, governments,
courts, territories and diftridts, under which, though enjoying different
rights, are comprehended fmall towns, manors, free and other eftates, together
with villages, farms and private courts. 5. Courts of nobles, ftiled
Borden zndfrcye Damme, which are on a level with the fovereign's bailiwicks
and in no wife fubordinate to them. The orders to thefe, courts come
immediately from the fovereign,they remit the monies to the military fund,
without the intervention of the Elector's officers, hold the licent courts
jointly with the commifiioners, regulate all the aflcflments, colledl them
by receivers of their own, pay them into the refpedive offices, and appoint
the diftribution, marches and cantonment of their militia, with the choice
of recruits for the army and the like. The power of protedling the Jews
was prohibited by a decree of the high court of appeals at Zell, made in
1744; but the right of admitting them not being permitted, fuch as
admit them, lay a particular tax on them for fuch admiffion.
The Dutchy of Bremen.
,F the dutchies of Bremen and Verden, 'John Carries, by order of
Count Konigfmark has delineated an accurate map, which was
engraved by Blaeu, and copies of it published by de Witt, Viffcher, CovenSy
Mortier, Iloniann and Seutter. That of Homa?in's, conftitues the one
hundred and twenty-fecond in the Aths of Germany. The map formed
in 1718 by the late profeffor Roth of Stade, for his geographical defcription
of thefe countries, has not been engraved ; though a new one
executed with all poffible precifion would be very defirable.
§.2. The dutchy of £rcOT«'« terminates eaftward on the principality of
Lüneburg, foutheaftward on that oi I'erden, fouthward on the four Gehen or
Govens and the JVcfer, by which river it is feparated from the counties oi Hoya
and Delmenhorfl, weftward likewife on the Wefer, which on this fide falls into
the north fea, and feparates it from the county of Oldenburg ; but of this
county a fmall parcel, that is to fay the land of Werden lies on this fide
the Wefer. To the northward it borders on the bailiwick of Ritzebutte!,
belonging to the city of Hamburg. The land of Hadeln and the river Elbe,
which divides it from i?(5/y?m2, and is in thefe parts 16200 feet wide. Its
oreatefl; length is twelve and a \\MGerman miles, its breadth ten and a half.
The vf hole extent of the country belonging to this dutchy, and the principality
o? Verden is eftimated at 36,000 Pjlughes each Pßug being about
fifteen Morgens, the latter of which contains four hundred and eighty
fq^uare rods..
§. 3. The

;
Bremen.] GERMANY. 213
§. 3. The face of this country is entirely level. The Elbe and Wefer, by
which the greateft part of it is environed, receive into them feveral other
rivers, as for inftance, into the Elbe runs the OJle, which has its fource in
the bailiwick of Haarburg in Lüneburgs and from Bremervörde is navigable
by fmali veflels, but at Kirch-Oßeti becomes prafticable to fliips of burthen,
and at Behlum enters the Elbe-, the Sclnohtge, which lias its rife two
German miles and a half beyond Stadt, is navigable up to that town,
both at and near high water, and difcharges itfelf into the Elbe, below
Schwinge-Schanze ; the Luhe, which is alfo called the Aue, till it comes to
liorneburg, but after that acquires the name of the Lube, becomes navigable,
and joins the Elbe, below Grunendeich; together with the Ejle, which rifes in the
principality of Lüneburg, and runs through Buxtehude, whence it becomes
navigable, and at Kranze (at which place is a toll) runs into the Elbe. The
Wejer receives into it the following rivers, namely, below Lehe, the Geejie,
which, as far as Lehe^ is navigable by fmacks, and X.o Kohlen h-^ \iQ-SiK%
below Lefum the Lefum, which at a little diftance from that place, below
the bridge near the fort, firfi: takes the name of Lejiim, being belore called
the Wümme, under which appellation it has its fource near Warl and
Tutsberg, in the principality of Verden, and at Rotenburg receives into it
the Rodau and Wiedau, with the Rohre, the Lune, and Drepte, which in
Vielatide and Oßerßade, are conveyed by fluices into the JVefer. The many
lefler waters here we omit. The Elbe, OJle and Wefer, are bordered with
very rich marfh lands. Thofe on the Elbe, namely Alte Land and Kchdingen,
afford an extraordinary plenty of grain and fruit ; thofe on the OJie,
as forinflance, the bailiwick of Neuhaufz, and the jurifdiftion oi Ojlen, are
likewife exceeding fertile in grain, and yield alfo a clay, for^veffels, together
with a kind of free-ffone ; thofe along the Wefer, that is to fay the countries
of Wurflen, Vieland, and Oßerßade, befides their fertility in grain, produce
likewile large breeds of cattle. For the prefervation of thefe marih lands
againft inundations, the dykes and dams are kept in conftant repair, at a
great expence, under the infpedion of dyke-graves, dyke-judges and jurats.
The Gecß or champain country has in fome parts good corn land ; the
heaths too are covered with fheep, and the culture of bees is very much followed
there. On the moors, particularly in the great Dwveljmoor, are dug
vafl: quantities of turf, which is exported to Bremen and Hamburg, and
ufed in brick-kilns, the glafs-houfe here, or even for fuel in private houfes.
Thefe countries likewile yield a great deal of flax.
§. 4. In the whole dutchy are but two cities, and three places enjoying
the rights of towns, though it has other large villages which go under
that name. Whilfl this country was an archbifliopric, its States conlifted
of four clafles. The firfl was compofed of the cathedral chapters oi Bremen
and Hamburg; the fecond of the prelates, that is to fay of the abbots
ci Harßfelde &nd the bkj/ed virgin at Stade, mux the priors QfQßerhoiz
and

;ji4 GERMANY.
[Bremen.
and Zt'ven, and fome priorefles ; the third was compofed of the nobility,
and the fourth of the cities of Bremen, Stade, and Buxtehude; but the firft of
thefe places withdrew itfelf from them. On the devokition of this country
to Sweden, as a dutchy, the two firft claffes were fuperfeded ;
Qiieen
ChrijVnia giving away to her commanders and officers, not only all the
epifcopal eftates and boardlands, but even the lands belonging to the very
chapters and convents, and conferring on the bailiwicks and convents the
titles of noble manors. Upon this the other part of the nobility, moved
that the grandees fhould. be incorporated with them, which was fo far
cfteöed by means of a convention in 1664, that they were to make but
one body, though two diftinä: members, one of which was termed the
ancient nobility, and the other the new, but their privileges were equal and
alike. Thefc two parts therefore forming one body of the States, the fecond
is compofed of the towns of Stade and Buxtehude. The privileges of the
States and thofe of the principality of Verden are alike. The Bremen nobility
have a prefident and fix counfellors, the towns each of them two ;
and thefe form the college of the States. The nobility hold their ordinary
affemblies twice a year at Bajdal, where they deliberate on judicial, as well
as other concerns relative to the nobility and country. They are not
obliged to give the royal regency previous notice, nor to defue its permiffion
to alTemble ; whereas a general aflembly of all the States, or a Diet, cannot
be held without the previous knowledge and confent of the regency.
Every member of the nobility who has a leat and vote in the aflembly
of the nobles, may appear at the Diet, and the towns fend their deputies
there. Each defrays his own charges. It is now a confiderable time
fince any Diets have been held, the regency fummoning the towns to fend
their deputies, to whom they lay open the propofals ufually made at the
Diets, and the deputies return with the anfwer of their conftituents. The
other inhabitants of the dutchy, not belonging to the free flates, are taxable,
and confift of Erkxen, or fuch as are poffefled of farms or lands
of their own ; of tenants to the fovereign, an any one of the free ftates -y
or of farmers on church, and conventual lands ;. as alfo of vaffals in the
msFfh- lands, holding lands in fief under fome noble family y v/ith thofe of
Heuerlingen.
Of the hereditary offices in the dutchy of Bremen, thofe oi Droß-putke,
(which perhaps fignified the office of tafter) Frohneuy treafurer, and Brodljpejiner,
are aboliihed ; but that of hereditary cup-beacer belonging to the Iß'endorf
hmWy, that of hereditary clerk of the kitchen, to the Schultens vonder
Luhs, and that of hereditary marfhal, which is filled up by the Barons
of Marjchalke, are flill exifting.
§. 5. The eftablifhed religion here is Lutheranifm -^ in the country are
one hundred and fix churches, with one hundred and twenty-three paftors,
which are divided into one fuperintendency, under the diredlion of tliree
pra?pofitors.

Bremen.] GERMANY. 215
prxpofitors, but are not annexed to any particular pariHi. In the towns are
five churches, namely, the cathedral at i?'-t7«('«, having four paftors j three
churches at Stade, under (\x paftors, and a chaplain to the garrifon ; with
one at Buxtehude, having three paftors. Thus, in the whole dutchy are
one hundred and eleven Lutheran churches, and one hundred and thirtyfeven
paftors. The fupreme infpeftion of the churches of this dutchy and
the principality of Verden, is vefted in a general fuperintendent. The
Calvhiißs'm the dutchy of ^r^;«^;z form feven congregations, and have a
,like number of paftors. At Stade is a hatin fchool, and at Bremen a cathedral
and royal gymnafium,
§. 6, Exclufive of the making of cordage and linen, the only manufadlures
and fabrics here are thofe of cloth, flannel, kcrfeys, and other
woollen ftufFs at Scharmbeck, with a fugar refinery and porcelain fabric at
Aumund, in the diftrid; of Leju?n.
§. 7. The dutchy of Brctnen was formed out of an archbifliopric, as
this latter was out of a biihopric, founded by the Emperor Charles the
Great in 787, (tho' others fay in 788) and of which Willehad, an Engliß:-
man, was the firft bifliop. On the deceafe of Leuderichs III. Bifhop
Anfcharius was tranllated to Bremen ; and in 858 the fee itfelf adually incorporated
with Hamburg, as the archbiihopric of the northern nations.
The archbidiops gradually got into their hands the counties within the
diocefe of Bremen, together with the fovereignty over it. On the death of
Archbifhop ^0^/2 i^o^i?«, in 151 1, the chapter eleded only fuch for their
archbilhops as were of princely families.
In 1644 the Swedes made themfelves
mafters of Bremen, but, at the peace of Weflphalia, in 1648, returned
it as a dutchy and fief of the empire. In 1675 the Duke oi Briinfwick
and Lüneburg, in conjundion with the Bifliop of Munjler and feme
Danißo forces, overrun this dutchy as far as Stade, which laft place was
alfo taken the following year by the Lüneburg troops. The conquerors
at firft had forne thoughts of fliaring the dutchies of Bremen and Verden
between them ; but Sweden kept the whole to herfelf, excepting feme
fmall part of it which was reftored to the Dukes of Brun/wkk and Lüneburg,
at the peace of Nimmegen in 1679. During the northern war the Danes,
in 1
71 2, reduced the dutchies of Bremen and Verden, and in 1715 Kinp-
Frederick IV. transferred them to the Eledor of Brunfwick, in lieu of the
fum of 700,000 rixdollars. In 1719, by the peace of Steckhohn, they
were ceded by the crown of Sweden for ever to the Eledtor of Brunpivick,
together with all their rights and appurtenances, in the fame manner as
they had been granted to Sweden by the treaty of OJnabruck, and fuch as
it had hitherto poffeffed, or might have pofleßed them ; but for this renunciation
the Eledor of Brunfivick paid Sweden a million of rixdollars.
It was the year 1732 before the Eleäor obtained the Emperor's inveftiture
for Bremen and Pferden. The Dukes of Brwijwick-Woljenbuttel are poffeffed
of the co-inveftiture. §. 8. The

2i6 GERMANY. [Bremen.
§. 8. The dutchy bears the arms of the archbifhopric, that is to fay,
ruby two keys in faltire pearl, with a fmall crofs pearl in chief.
§. 9. The Eiedlor of Brwifwick, as Duke of Bremen, is pofl'effed in the
and in
college of Princes of the lixth feat on the bench of temporal Princes,
the Diet of Lower-Saxony, exclufive of a vote, is alternatively dircdtor
with Magdeburg. The affeflrnent of the dutchy to a Roman month is
twenty-four horfe and one hundred foot, or fix hundred and eighty-eight
florins, which is alfo its contingent to the matricula of the Circle ; and to
the chamber at Wetzlar it pays one hundred and eight rixdollars,
twenty-two kruitzers and a half.
§. 10. The dutchies of Bretneji and Verden are jointly under the following
colleges :
viz. the regency, which confifts of three counfellors, and is
fubordinate to the privy-council at Hanover ; and the chancery, which is
compofed of the three counfellors of regency, a director, and certain jufticiary
counfellors,' and which takes cognifance of criminal and executive
cafes. In the high court of juftice here, fit all the members of the chancery,
with feven afleflbrs, who are nominated by the States of each dutchy,
viz. three by the Bremen nobility, two by S'ade and Buxtehude, towns of
the dutchy oi Bremen, one by the nobility o^ Verden, and one by the town.
To this court of juftice all civil cafes requiring a judicial decifion are I'ubjeft,
as- alfo the fovereign's officers in matters relative to the fovereign himfelf,
together with the nobility, in affairs where their perfons or nobiliary eflates
are concerned, and the magiftrates of the towns. Appeals are carried
from this tribunal to the high court of appeals at Tjell, to which this dutchy
appoints three counfellors of appeal.
§. II. The chief branches of the Sovereign's revenues are thofe of the
demefne bailiwicks, diftridls and jurifdidtions, with the regalia ; certain
payments arifing from the fubjefls, as namely excife, and the monies for
the maintenance of the high court of appeal at Zell, for furniüiing forage,
i^c. Ever fince the year 16 So the contribution fund has been taken from
the States of the country. The excife was firfi: introduced here in 1651,
and increafed in 1690 and 1692. In, the former of thefe years the ftampduty
likewife became firft known here. Towards the circular contributions
of Loioer Saxony the dutchy of Bremen pays a fourth.
§. 12. Tht Ritterpferde, or the cavalry of the nobility, are raifed on
the manors of the States ; but the number of them has been varioully
fettled according to the diminution of the manors. In the year 1645 they
amounted to one hundred and fixty-feven horfe ; but at prefent they make
only 137 horfe, and igll nagels, or nails, to which there are two hundred
and fifty-five contributors, but all thefe are not nobles : an eflate of
nine hundred and eighty-five rixdollars furnifhes a horfe ; and one of
thirty-nine rixdollars, forty-four fchillinges is afTefTed in a nagel : twenty-four
nagcls are equal to a horfe. The States furnilh this corps entirely, that is
I
to

Bremen.] GERMANY. 2,
to fay, the men, horfes, cloathing, and accoutrements, and fupply all incidental
deficiencies. Being, by an ediift of his Danißj Majefty, in 1713,
eftimated at 33,750 rixdollars, the feveral quotas were fettled as foU
lows, viz.
That of the nobility at 844 parts, or 16200 rixdollars.
That of the town of 6'W(? at 3^4- 7200
Th^i oi Buxtehude at is4 3600
That of /^rö'if/^ in 3-r ^7S^
The feveral /hares
Total 18 parts, or 33750 rixdollars.
of the nobility were paid according to the horfe roll,
which is divided into fix circles : to the firft belong twenty-fix horles.
and fifteen nagels and a half; to the fecond, twenty-five horfes, tweniv
two nagels and a half; to the third, elven horfes, five nagels and ou^.-
eighth ; to the fourth, twenty horfe; to the fifth, nine horfes, two and
nails three-eighths; and to the fixth, 44 horfes, 2i|-i nagels. The firft
circle extends through the whole country (the diftrid: of Kedingen excepted)
lying between the Ofle and the frontiers of the principality of
Lüneburgs from the altenlandio the principality of Verden. The fecond reaches
from the bailiwick of Neuhaufz to Bremervörde. The third pafTes through
the bailiwicks of Bremervörde and Bedcrkefa, as alfo through Beverßedt
Borde. The fourth extends through the bailiwick oi Hagen quite to the
freyen damme, and certain nobles eflates as far as the Hamme and Wumrae.
The fifth paffes through the diftridl of Achim to the bailiwick oi Ottersberg ^,
and the fixth confifts only of the country oi Kedijigen.
§.13. We now come to a more particular defcription of the dutchy
of Bremen, which fhall be ranged under four divifions, wherein will be
defcribed
I. The cities which compofe the fecond eftate, and the magiftracy of
which is poflefTed of the high and low jurifdidlion. Among thefe is
I. Stade, a town, having a {\.Tor\g iorion the Schivinge, which, at one
quarter of a German mile's diflance runs into the E,ihe. This town is the
feat of the regency of the dutchiss of Bremen and Verden, as alio of the
chancery, chief court of iuftice, and confiffory, and contains in it three
churches, with fix ininifters, of whom one is ftiled the fenior, and
who are independent of the confiflory ; to which is to be added a Latin
fchool, where formerly ftood an Augujline convent. The garrilbn has
a chaplain of its own, and lives in barracks, lis two burgo-maffers are
alfo counfellors of State, Stade was formerly a place of confiderable
trade, and from the year 1 !j86 to 161 2, had an Englißj ffapie, which
was removed to Hamburg ; infomuch that by a concurrence of misfortunes
it is now greatly declined. In 1626 it was taken by the Imperial General
Tilly ; and in 1632 befieged by the Swedes, and relieved by General
Vo-ppenheim, but taken by them in 1645. In 1659 it was almofi: entirely
Vol. VI. F f deflroyed
C\

;
2i8 G E R M A N T, [Bremen.
deftroyed by fire. In 1676 It was reduced by the troops oi Lüneburg,
who in 1680 again quitted it. In 1712 the Danes iookxt by bombardment,
la 1715 the Danilh garriibn marched out, and was replaced by
the tooops of £r?/;2/:c7V/^. In iJSS^
tl'^e King having approved of a plan
for the better fortilying of Siaiie, and afligned the neceffary fums for it,
in 1757 thefe improvements were completed with all pofTible skill and
propriety. Its magiftracy is poflefled of the right of jurifdicftion over the
diftrifts of Depentec and Jlajhi'Lcinkcl ; and alfo levies a duty on all fhips
and veffels that arrive there.
Stade was likewife anciently the refidence of Counts, but the firft
of thefe Counts is not known with any degree of certainty. The moll
ancient of whom we have an authentic account is Lotharius., or Luther,
who was killed in 931, in a batde with the Redarii. His fon Henry
the Bald had by his fpoufe Jutta or Judith, daughter to Udo Duke of
Franconia, among feveral other children, He7iry the Good, and Siegfried.
"
The former, in» 1010, converted his caflle of Herfefeld, v.'hich firlt gave
title to the Counts, into a convent, which was alfo called Rcjcnfeld
and in 994 his fon Siegfried, being taken by the Afcomans, or pirates,
they cut off his hands, nofe and ears ; but his brother Siegfried efcaping
from thofe lavages, by whom he had alfo been taken prifoner, continued
the lineage, and built Stade, which gave nam.e to the county and Counts.
His fon Luther Udo I. in 1056, obtained from the Emperor Henry W. the
northern marggraväte, otherwife called the marggravate of Brandenburg,
or Solticedil, as alio the marggravate oi Stade, from the family of the
Counts of that name. His fon the Marggrave Ui/ö I. transferred the property
of the county oi Stade to the fee oi Bremen, which tranflation was
confirmed by the Emperor Henry V^ . in the year 1062, but the Marggrave
ftill retained it as a fief, and died in 1082. His immediate lucceflbr
v/as his eldeft fon the Marggrave Henry the 'Tall, who dying without
heirs, to him fucceeded his fecond fon the Marggrave Luther Udo W. who,
in the year 1095, conferred the county oi .Stade on one of the name of
Frederick, whofe mother was an Englißj woman, and had been caft away
near Erlittenen. This Prirceheld it till his death, which happened in 1 135,
The Marggrave Luther Udo II. had died before in 1106, whofe fon Henry
leaving no heirs behind him, and his brother Rudolph's ion of the fan-e
name, being killed by the Ditmars, in 1144, his brother Hariiicig,
Provofi: of the cathedral church at Bremen, became the lafl: of the line^,
and left his whole inheritance to the faid cathedral. Having been inflated
alfo by Archbifliop Adalbero, in the poffefTion of the county, he was in the
year 1 148 himfelf created Archbifliop of Brennen ; but Heiiry the Lion corrp'.ained
to the Emperor, that the above-mentioned Archbifhop Adalbero
liad promifed his mother, on the deceale of the Marggrave Rudolph, that
he would give him the county of Stade in fief, and therefore afterwards
poffefTed himfelf of it, by which means, at the partition of his territories,
it

Bremen.] GERMANY. 2r,
it came to his fon Duke Henry the Pfalzgrave, as a fief of Bremen. This
Duke, in 12 19, transferred it, together with divers other hereditary lands
hereabouts, to Archbidiop Gerhard, in confideration of mafles and prayers
to be faid for his father's foul ; referving however to himfelf the racificatioii
of it during his own life, on which the Emperor ivW?r?V/d il. in 1232,
granted to the fee his ratification of it : but his mind afterwards changing,
Henry, fome years before his death, bequeathed the county of Stade, and
all his lands in it, to Duke Otho the Child, and on his making public notification
of it to the fubjedts, exliorted them to a quiet fubmillion to Duke
Otho'. Thisdonation the Emperor Frederick II. in 1236, likewife recommended
them, on his declaring Otho Duke ; and in the lame year the latter made
himfelf mafter of the county, which at the fame time he enlarged, with
the addition of feveral eftates that had been purchafed of Count Siegfried
o{ Oßerburg. Though the defcendants of Otho loll the county, which the
fee of Brefnen became mafter of, yet, at length, together with the whole
country, it reverted again to the houfe of Brunfwick.
Buxtehude, a fmall town, feated on the EJie, and the little rivulet of
Viver. This town contains at prefent but one parifh-church, to which
belong three paflors, the firft ot whom is ftiled feniorj but they are all
independent of the confiftory of iS/öij'i?. The two burgo-mafters here are
alfi) counfellors of ftate. This place obtained its firft charter from Archh'iiho^
Gifelbert in the year 1273, and in 1278, was environed with a
wall ; but in 1682 its fortifications were razed,
II. The royal bailiwicks, diftrids, hordes, and jurifdiöions.
A. The royal bailiwicks, with their hordes and jurifdidtions.
1. The bailiwick of yS^^rti?, confifts principally of the few remaining eftates
which once appertained to the monaftery of Stade. To thefe eftates belong
a corn-mill, on the Schwifige, within Stade, together with divers parcels ot
land near that town, and in the Alienland feveral farms ; as alfo the villages
of Camp and Agathenburg ; formerly called the Lieth, though afterwards
named from Field Mar/hall Konigfnark's Lady, Maria Agatha of the Leejlen
family. This place having been purchafed by the electoral treasury, v/as
.added t3 the bailiwick of Stade, and is af prefent the feat thereof.
2. The bailiwick of Altklojter, having its feat in the village of that
name, on the EJle, near Buxtehude, and which was formed out of a Be-^
nediäine nunnery. This bailiwick, from its founders Henry and Gerlach
'von Buxtehude, or von der Luhe, was named Buxtehude, and is of greater
antiquity than the town. In it is a royal farm, with a corn and papermill.
No fervice is performed at its church, except that of burials. The
inhabitants of the diftridls of Neuenlande and Vogelfang, fituated on the
Eße, in the Marßüand, are fubjecls ' of this bailiwick. Its other dependencies
lie in the Altenlande, and in that part of it called dritten fneile,
the Domanialia and Cameralia of which belong to this bailiwick. To it
F f 2
has

,
220 GERMANY. [Bremen.
has alfo been annexed the bailiwick of Mühlen. The feat of the bailiwick
lies at'prefent at Buxtehude.
3. The bailiwick of Neiikloßer, alfo formed out of a convent, the laft
catholic prieft of which did not remove till 1706, after all the members of
the convent had fucceffively died. In the village of the fame name, fituated
about one hour's diftance from Buxtehude, is a church, where, every
fortnight, the paftor of Bliederjdorf performs divine fervice ; as alfo a
royal farm. To the bailiwick belong \\\z Dommiialiazxx^ Cameralia q{ \\-\t.
Zweyten meite of the Altenland. This bailiwick is adminiftered by the
officers of Altenkloßer, of which it is reckoned a part. The Hopken family
in Sweden are poffefTed in fief of the Droßey or government of
both bailiwicks.
4. The bailiwick of Harjefeld, which like others is a monaftical bailiwick,
but the vogtey\ or prefedlurate of Mulfum, confifling of three hordes^
or diftrids, has been added to it, fo that at prefent it is about three German
miles in length. • It is a fertile country for corn, ccttle, and turf,
and con fifts of thirty-one villages, which are comprifed under the following
parilhes,
viz.
Harj'cfeld, formerly called H^r/^f/rt^, a parochial-village, in which flood
the convent before-mentioned in the hiftory of the Counts 0^ Stade, which
convent was the original feat of thofe Counts, and was founded in loio by
Count Hrnry the Debonair. Its abbot, or as he was filled, its arch abbot,
was the head dignitary of the archbifliopric.
Mulfum, and Bargtledt on the Aue, two parochial-villages.
Ahlcr/ledt, a parochial-village, containing a nobleman's feat.
5. The bailiwick of Zeven, alfo formed out of a monaflery, but enlarged
by the addition of four hordes, fo that its length at prefent amounts
to above three German mW^?, and a half, and its breadth to two and a half.
The plains here produce rye, oats, and barley, with good buckwheat, and
the gardens excellent potatoes. The marfiies afford good paflurage for
horned cattle, as the heaths do for a fmall kind of fheep. The culture of
bees likewife is followed here to confiderable advantage. Vafl quantities
of turf are dug in the moors, and in fome parts burned for a kind of
charcoal, in which it drives on a fmall trade, efpecially in elder and other
foft woods, not excluding even oak and beech. The Oße receives into it
the following flreams, viz. the Ram7ne, the Tiinße, the Aue, and the
Bade, The Zeven, or Ottersberg Prepoßtorßip, contains under it thirteen
parochial-churches. The bailiwick itfelf is divided
I. Into the old bailiwick, comprehending
The parifli of Zeven, which confifls of three villages and two fingle farms.
The parochial village of Zeven lies on the Aue, containing about feventytwo
houfes, and being the feat of the bailiwick. In this village alfo formerly
itood a .ßf;?^^/'^//«^ nunnery. The hft of the rcclufes belonging to
it

-
Bremen.] GERMANY. 221
it died in 1694. At the mediation of Count L)';Mr, i\\e Danißj governor
of the counties oi Oldenburg and Dehrienhorji, a convention was conchided
at this place, in 1757, between the Duke of Cumberland, conitnander in
chief of the Eleftor of Brimfwick's forces, and the 'Duke de Richlieu, general
to the French King; but this convention never took place.
The borde and parißj of HeejUngen, to which belongs the parochial-village
oi Heeßingcn, with twelve other villages, and five fingle farms,
2. Into the hordes, which were added to the bailiwick in 1728, but
were before under one prefeflurate. Thefe are
The borde and pariOi oii Seifingen, comprehending under it the parochialvillage
of Selfmgen, with that of Sandbojiel, containing a manor, eighteen
other villages, and ten fingle farms.
The borde and parilh of Sittetifen, containing the parochial-village of
Sittetifen, together with Burg-Sitteijfen and Riihmuhlcn, two noblemen's
feats; fcvcnteen other villages, and ten fingle farms.
The horde and parifli of Elfdorf, in which lies the parochial-villages of
Elfdorf, Burgeljdotf, and Buchhorß, each containing a manor, together
with fix other villages, and the like number of fingle farms.
6. The bailiwick of Bremervörde, containing
Bremervörde, a large village, having municipal privileges, and two burger-mafters,
who, with refpecl to the inhabitants and in caujis liquidis,
enjoy a joint jurifdidion with the bailiwick. In this village formerly flood
a palace of the archbifhop's, which in 1682 was demoliihed.
The horde and parifh of Oehrel, with the parochial-viilage ofthat name ;
five other villages, one fmall eledoral farm, one inn, and dx private farms.
The horde of Hej'edoj-f, containing the village of that name, together
with Bevern, a parochial-village, and Oevelgunne, a private farm.
The horde and parifli of Lamßcdt, with which is incorporated the iurifdidlion
ofWarßade. In this junldidion lies the parochial-village of Lamßedt,
with nineteen other villages, fix private farms, and Bafzbeck, a parifh,
which is divided into fix diftrids, comprehending under it three noble
manors.
Obf. In the. pmpoßtorßsip of Bremervörde are thirteen parochial-churches.
7. The bailiwick of Ottenherg, containing
Ottersberg, a village, of feventy-five houfes and a chapel. This place
lies on the Wümme, in a part where that river forms an iOand, on which
formerly flood a fort, which, in 1676, was put into a good ftate of defence,
by the bifhop of Mtmßer, 'though at prefent nothing of it remains to
be feen.
The parochial-villages of Otterßedt, Wilfledt, and Kirch-Timke, with a
noble manor, nineteen other villages, and three private farms.
8. The bailiwick of Oßerhohz, being about three German miles in length,
and one and a half broad ; but the burg and the burgdamfn here are
feparated
'

222 GERMANY. [Bremen.
feparr.ted from it by the diftrifts of Lejjum and Rittcrhude, infomuch that
tliey He at about half an hcur's diftance liom the baihwick. The face of
the country is level, having only one fandy hill near JVorpsvjehJ.c, which on
one part of it is bordered by the large moor of Ottersberg ; but on all
other fides is environed by delightful meadows and paflure grounds, with
the Hamme meandering through their centre. The large moors on the
north and eaft fides of the bailiwick are of vaft benefit, and may be
deemed a kind of golden mines to the inhabitants, mod of the Gceß
villages here being paflelTed of a part therein. Tiie moor villages both of this
and the Ottersberg bailiwick fell annually to the town o; Bremen, turf to
the amount of upwards of 18,000 rixdoUars, which is conveyed in fmall
boats by means ot the canals, as far as the Uamtne, where it is forwarded
in large veflels to the Wümme, and Irom thence to tiie Wefer. The
moor-grounds where this turf is dug afford good paftujage, and when the
rivers have ceafed to overflow their banks, become fine meadow ground
and alfo good for tillage ; for which even the high moor itfelf is rendered
proper, by a particular kind of labour and plenty of dung, infomuch that
it is fowed with rye, oats, buck-wheat, barley, hemp and gardcn-fiufF.
It produces likewife timber of all kinds. The Geejilande yields rye, oats,
and a great deal of buck-wheat. It feeds alfo large breeds of cattle, and
fuch is the trade of this bailiwick, that the inhabitants are daily increafing.
It is
divided into
1. The parilli of Oflerhohz, in which is
Oficrholz, a parochial-village, formerly the feat of the bailiwick, and
containing a BeneMSline nunnery; with
Three other villages.
2. Into the Borde oi Scharmbeck comprehending under it
1. Schcirjnheck parifh, to which belong
Scharmbeck, ccnfifting of one hundred and fifty houfes, and which for
its largenefs and fettled companies of handicrafts, is called a town. In
it alfo is a parochial-church, and within the ]\ini

Bremen.]
GERMANY.
Eighteen other villages and eleven private farms.
2. The parifli of Hamliergen, containing under it the parochial-village of
Hamhergcn, with five other villages, three private farms, Burg, a finall but
223
ancient fort, fituated on the PFumnie, a land and water-toll, and the villa'-^e
of Burgdamm.
g. The bailiwick of Liliejjthal, which has been formed out of the eflates
of a convent. This bailiwick is three fourths of a German mile in Itn'^th
and half a one broad, lying on the rivers IViimme and JVorpe, the latter of
which runs into the former. At fpring and autumn both thefe rivers overflow
the low-lands, and in the latter feafon the light and porous grounds,
which are fowed v/ith rye, become detached from the findy foil beneath,
but fettle agqin in fpring, and produce good crops, till the return of the
floods fo binds and comprefTes the fuperficies as not to be any more raifed
by the water ; and thus thefe grounds, which ufed to be fown, became
only fit for pafturage. The foil here is partly a good bearing fand, fome
of which is marlliy, and fome parts entirely a moor. The cultivation of
winter-grain here is growing out of ufe, on account of the waters remaining
cut till late in the Ipring, fo that at piefent the greateftpart of the good
ground is ufed for fummer grain, hemp and pafturage. The exportation
of horned cattle and horfes, with turf, raw and wrought hemp, hempfeed,
fifli and wild-ducks, are branches of trade by which the inhabitants
of this bailiwick are enabled to fubfift very comfortably. In it is
1. Lilienthal, a parochial-village fituated on the Worpe, and being the
feat of the biiliwick. Formerly alfo it contained a Cißercian nunnery.
Trupc, a village, having one fmall church : with
Ten other villages and two private farms.
10. The bailiwick of £/z^w^«^/W, together with the ^\^nQ.o^ Neuhirchen^
once belonged to the city of Bremen, though under the fovcreignty of the
dutchy, but in 1741 was made an abfolute ceffion of to the latter. The
bailiwick is one German mile in length and half a milebruad, but the dillricfl
oi Neukirchen is but halfaGerman ir.ile in length and breadth. In the former,
towards the V/

GERMANY. 2 24 [Bremen.
1 1 . The bailiwick of 7/(7^

Bremen.] ' GERMAN!^.
Paludes and Infida bremenfu pahuiis. It lies betwixt tlie Wejer, Gceße
and Rohre, being principally marHiland, which affording excellent pafturage,
abounds in black-cattle, milk, butter and cheefe. The Geejlland here is alfo
fruitful. This country formerly conftituted a part of the county oiLrfmone^
and together with that county came to the fee of Bremen^ who conferred
it on fome Hollanders^ to whom it owes its prefent improvements. On the
death of archbifliop Albert, who annexed it to the fee, it devolved partly
to the c\.iy oi Bremen, and partly to the Counts of Stotel. The former of
thefe Hiares was afterwards repurchafed by the cathedral, and to the latter
it fucceeded on the extindion of the Counts of Stotel. Under arch'o.fhop
Nicolas the Vielanders refufed to be any longer obedient to the fee, but
Baldwin the fucceeding bilhop quelled them. Vieland contains unde> it
feven villages, which are divided into four pariHies : 'Siz.
1. The pariih o( Geeßendorf, confifting of two villages, together Vv'ith the
-parochial-village of Geeftendorf, which -is the feat of the bailiwick. In thio
country flood the caftle oi Stinteburg or Siijizburg, which was ereded as a
fortrefs againft the Wurjli, but demolifhed by that people.
225
2. The pariOi oi Wulfdorf, confifting of two villages. Wulfdorf \'\\\zgQ
itfelf is parochial, and in ancient records occurs under the title of
Woldcfdorpe. In it ftood the caftle or manfion-houfe of Syborg, otherwife
called
Segeborg.
3. The parifli of Schijdorf, confifting of two villages. The parochial
village here is that of Schifdorf. Apeler village in this pariHi lies nor under
the bailiwick-office of Geeflendorf,
at
Stade.
but depends immediately on the tribunal
4. The paridi of Bramel, confifting only of the village of that name.
14. The bailiwick of Nordholz, in the neuen lande Wurßen or the bailiwick
of A^z^i'/T/f/c/i?. Landes Wurßen, \% formed out of the manfion-houfe
of Nordholz, with its appurtenances, including alfo the lands lyinp- in
Neuenfelde, which in th& years 1736 and 1738 were purchafed by the
treafury, on the King's account, of the heirs oi the families of Voigt and
Lietb. The Neue Felde or New fields of the country of Wurfien were
firft dyked in, in the year 1635.
15. The bailiwick of Bederkefa, being about three German miles in
length and two broad. This bailiwick is watered by the Geeße, Lehe,
Wittgeeße, Aue and nine land-lakes, and affords plenty of oak and beech,
with turf-ground and a good champaign country. The inhabitants purfue
tillage, grafiery, and the culture of bees, with other rural occupations.
Bederkefa pra-pofitorflaip contains under it eight parifti-churches. The
bailiwick itfelf is divided into
I. The Borde of Ringfledt, including
I. The parifli of Bederkefa, in the parochial-village of that name and
being the feat of the bailiwick.
Vol. VI. G g 2, Ritjgßedf,

2 26 GERMANY. [Bremen.
2. Rin^ßcdt parifh, containing the parochial-village of Rin^ßedt, in
which is a Cahiniß and Lutheran minifter, with thirteen villages and five
private farms.
3. The parilh of Elmlohe, containing three villages and two fingle farms.
4. The parilh of Flogeh, confifting of two villages.
2, Into the Borde of Debjicdt, to which belongs
1. The parifh of Deh/iedt, containing feven villages.
2. Holfet, a Cahiniß pariüi, having its feat in the villages of the fame
name.
Obf. Betwixt Sievern in the parifli oi Debßedt and Holfet lie the ruins of
Pipimburg, once the refidence of the family of Diepholz, who were the
founders of the convent oi Neueriwalde ; and like wife the place called
Heidenßett.
16. The bailiwick oi Neuhaufoy fituated on the Rlbe and Oße, the latter
of which receives into it the Aue. This bailiwick is two German miles
long and one and a half broad. The marfliland here conftitutes twothirds, the
moorland near one fixth, and the Geeß or champaign, alfo one fixth of the
whole bailiwick. Its principal products are wheat, rye, barley, beans, oats,
rape-feed, turf and clay, of the laft of which are made vefTels and bricks,
which are conveyed down the Oße to the Rlbe, for Hamburg, and fometimes
even to Holland. The prsepolitorlliip of Nmhaufz contains under it
nine pariflies, eight of which are in this bailiwick, namely
1. The parifli of Neuhaus, containing
Neuhaiifz, a parochial-village fituated on the Oße, and being the feat of
the bailiwick. It has alfo a fafe harbour, and once drove fo great a trade,
that the number of foreign fliips that came here in a year exceeded a hundred.
But a fandbank arifing in it, at the iffue of the Oße into the Elbe,
renders the entrance dangerous. It is vifited therefore at prefent by few
foreign-fliips, notwithftanding buoys have been laid with the greateft
exaftnefs, for the pointing out of the faid bank :
With fix other places.
2. The parifli of Belum, containing
Belum, a village fituated at the conflux of the Oße and Elbe. This
place has a harbour, but this in fi;ormy weather or winter is not very fafe.
In it likewife is a nobleman's feat, and formerly alfo it contained a fort, but
the latter in 1678 was demoliflied.
Freudenthal, a manor-houfe, and
Nine other places. .
3. The pariih of Geverjdorf, in which is the parochial-village of that
name, with fourteen other places.
4. The parifh of Oberndorf, containing the parochial-village of Oberndorf^
and five parcels of land, which are inhabited.
5. The pcirifh of Cadenberge, confifting of the parochial-village o'l Cadenberge
and thirty-two other places.
6.
'
The

Bremen.] GERMANY. 227
6. The parifli of Oppelii, to which are united about eighty other places.
7. The pariih of Bilkau, which is divided into the north and fouth end,
and comprehends under it twelve places.
8. The pariih of Kcdingbruch, confifling of the parochial-village of
Kedinghruch-, and Aujlade a place of lefs note.
ij. The bailiwick of Kebdlngen^ containing under it
1. The conventual diftridt of Scholifcb in the country of Kedlngcn fitiiated
not far from Stade.
2. The dyked lands at TVifchhafen, a diftriifl lying betwixt the two
dams of Dcjenfings.
3. Certain inhabited illands or lands in the Elbe, namely, JVifchhafcner-Sand,
Kraut-Scind, AJJeler-Sand, and the fand of Biitzfleter or Abbenfieter-Sand.
18. The bailiwick of Hini'nelpforten, being about three German miles
In length and one and a half broad. This bailiwick is partly marih and
partly Geeß land, the inhabitants of the marQi-Iand live by tillage and grafery,
but thofe of the Geefl land, exclufive of tillage, apply themfelves to breeding
of flieep and bees, carrying on a large turf trade with Stade and Hamburg.
This bailiwick confifts of
I. The feparate bailiwick of Himmelpforten which was formed out of
a part of the eftates of a wealthy BcnediSline nunnery at Hhnmelpforten,
the annual income of which exceeded 4000 rixdollars. In the year 1628
it was plundered by the Imperialißs, in 1648 given to Comn Gußavus
Lotoenhaupt, but in 1681 realfumed. It has never a manor, but contains
1. The parifh of Himmelpfortefi on the Geeß ; confifting of the parochial
village of Himmelpforten, with three other villages-.
2. The parifli oi Horß in the marfli, to which belong five villages, with
eleven farms at Blumentbal.
3. The pariih ol Great-Wohrden in the marlh, confifting of two villages.
2. The Borde oi Oldendorfon the Geeß, formerly under a particular adminiftrator,
'but which in 171 2 was united with the bailiwick oi Himmclpjorten.
This borde contains only one parifli, the church oFwhich lies in the village
of Oidendorf, where alfo is a n;ianor. To this borde likewife belong fourteen
other villages, five private farms, and the manor of Kuhla, the lafl: of
which is poflefled of the right of jurifdiction within its boundaries.
B. The other royal diftridts and jurifdidtions, namely
I. TheAke land which lies on the Elbe-, and is feparated by the Schwingefrom
the country of Kedingen. Through this diftridt the Luhe and Eße^
both navigable rivers, make their way into the Elbe. Its length is about
three German miles and a half, but its breadth only from half a mile
to three quarters. It confifts of marfliland, and abounds in wheat, rye,
barley, oats, beans, hemp and flax, as likewife in common fruit. A great
part of the inhabitants fubfift by navigation. The whole diftridl is divided
into tiiree Meilen :
the firfl: of thefe reaches from the Schwinge, or from Stade to
Gg 2
the

2i8 GERMANY. [Bremen.
tlic Luhe; the fecond from the Luhe to the Eße ; and the third from the
EJle to the village of Mohrburg, belonging to Hamburg. It is again fubdivided
into twelve Hauptmannlchnfts or capitaincries, and fix vogteys or
prefedturates. Thefe captains and prefers look to all public affairs within
their circles, or departments j
give advice in all cafes to the jufiiLiaries,
efpecially in criminal affairs ; execute their orders, levy the monthly contributions,
and pay them in at the proper places, Laftly it is to be obierved,
that the Altcnland is further divided into ten parifhes. In thefe
pariflies are Siedejle, or lower courts of juftice, with a prefedl over each,
which take cognifance of malicious or abufive words and blows when
any one is beaten black and blue, or wounded in the face or any other
part of the body. Some of thefe Siedcße courts comprehend above one
parifli, and, on the other hand, there are pariflies containing more
than one of thefe courts. The general and fupreme authority is exercifed.
by two grefen or Counts, one of whom is nominated by the fovereign
alone, the other chofen out of four perfons prefented by the freeholders.
Under thefe grefen is a fecretary for the difpatch of ftate and judicial affairs
: for this ofhce likewife the country prefents two perfons, out of whom
the fovereign choofes one. In fome pariflies the above-mentioned Siedejte
courts are compofed of noblemen, jointly with the grefen; but in others
the grefen are the fole judges. From thefe courts of the grefen appeals in
civil cafes are carried to the Landgrefings gericht, or the dreygefchii)ohrnen
Rath, confifting of the chief Burgermaßer, the burgermaflers, captains,
and prefeds of the country : but the appellant is at liberty to pafs over
this intermediate court, and apply diredly to the fupreme court. Criminal
juflice is exercifed here by the Counts, in conjunction v/ith the burgcrmaflers,
captains, prefeds and jurats. The Altland praspofitorfliip contains
thirteen parochial-churches. Of the above-mentioned ten parifhes.
Hollern, anciently called Ditteffchop, Twielefjßeth, Grtmdeich, and Steinkirchen,
are within the firfl Meile ; in the fecond is Mittelkirchen, Neukirchcn,
and Jork (at the lafl of which ffands alfo the court-houfe) Borßelly
and one hdM oi Efiehrugge ; but in the third Meile, only the other half of
Eßebrugge, with the parifh of 'Neuenfelde. At the influx of the Efle into
the Elbe, lies Cranz, having a ferry to Blankenefe, and a toll.
2. The country of Kehdingen, alfo lyi:ig on the Elbe, and feparated
from the Altenlande by the Schwinge, being likewife watered by the Oße,.
which in this diflrift is navigable. It is fomewhat above four German
miles long, but its breadth is unequal. Its greateft extent is at Oederquart,
where it is upwards of one German mile, at Butzßetk is about half a mile, but
at Dorfjbu/ch and Hamckvorden, not one-fourth. The whole country, except
a large moor which feparates it from the bailiwick oi Hinimelfforteriy.
is marfh-land, though not of equal goodnefs. It produces however plenty
of grain and rape-feed, wkh a fufüciency of fruit, and abounds in horned
cattle

:
Bremen.] GERMANY, 229
cattle and horfes. The principal employment of its inhabitant?, both up
the country and on the fea-coads, is navigation. Notwithflanding the
flrong dykes here, it ha-s frequently fufFered by inundations. It is the
refidence of great numbers of gentry. The ancient inhabitants maintained
their liberty for a long time. In 1292 Archbifliop Gijelbert reduced them
to obedience, upon which feveral noblemen fettled in this country. In
1327 it revolted againfl Archbifhop Burckard, but was reduced a fccond
time. With refpedt to judiciary matters, it is divided into Butzßei and
Freylnirg, the former of which includes the pariflies of Butzflet, '^Jf^K
Drcchlerlhi, and Hamelworde?! ; the latter Freylnirg, Bailie, and Oederqiiart
all thefe feveral parishes belong to the pr^TpofitorlLo'p of Kehding, containing
in the whole fourteen parochial-churches. In the pariili of Biit^flet^
at the influx of the Schwinge into the Elbe, flands the fort of SchiviJige-
Schanze. At Brnriß^aufin is a royal toll. In the parilli of Hcinielivorden
lies Schinkel, which is the place where the pariflies of the country; of
Kehdingen, the Grefcn and fecretaries meet every year for the eledtion
of their captains. Freybiirg, on account of its largenefs, is called a town.
In Butzflet divifion both the civil and criminal jurifdidions are lodged in
a Grefe?! of the fovereign's nomination, and the captains of every parifh,
one of whom is a noble. The country propofes the fecretary. Civilcourts
are held at an inn in the parochial-village of every parifli. Each of
thefe parifhes has three captains, one of whom is a nobleman, the other
two are keepers, but all three enjoy both feat and voice at the court
equally with the Grejen himfelf. The criminal courts here are always held
in the delinquent's parifli, and confjfi: of the Grefen and a captain of each,
parifh. In the Freyburg divifion the ci^vjl and criminal jurifdiction belongs
to the country, and is exercifed by a Grefen and three captains, who are
alTifted by a fecretary for the difpatch of affairs, whether juridical or relative
to the country. The Grefen is chofen alternately by the nobility
and the houfe-keepers, and confirmed by the regency at Hanover ; but the
country appoints the fecretary. The court is held every week at an inn
in Fre-jbiirg, at which aflift two or three captains, who m.ay be either
nobles or houfe-keepsrs, eleftt-d by the pariflies ; the criminal courts are
held in the fame manner. l\\ this Freyburg divifion of t'le country of
Kehdingen, each parifli has an ecclefiaftical, or as it is called, a jurat court,
confifting of the minilkr of the parifh and the church jurats, under thejurifdiäion
of which are the farmers living on the lands and eftates belonging
to the church. In both diftridts the Grefen and captains annually
hold the land or marfh court, and colledl all the fines impofed in it, one
half of which goes to the Prince, and the other to the captains.
3. The bailiwick of Oßen, lies on the Oße, being feparated only by a
moor from the Butxflet divifion of the country o( Kehdingen. This bailiwick
is all marfh land, and conftitutes but one parifli, but is divided into
j
fix

230 GERMANY. [Bremen.
fix villages. The jurirdiaion here is lodged in a juftice appointed by the
King, but the noble-manor houfes are pofTcfied of the cfvil jurifdidUon
over the eftates belonging to their manor, and likewife over the free farmers
of noblemen's hinds.
4. The country of Wurßen, or the AJteland Wurßm, lying on the
-Wcfer, and fo called from the Wurßes, a branch of the Frifons, of whofe
language fome traces were left here till the beginning of this century.
The writers of the middle age call them Wortjati ; which leads us to the
origin of this name, v.hich is derived from the JVorthen, or banks of earth
thrown up here againft inundations. The foil is marfliy, and rhus very
fit for tillage and grafery ; accordingly confiderable exports are made here
of the produfts of both. In the IVefer avq found halybuts, prawns and
craw-fiih. Not one nobleman refides in this difiiriä:. Its parilL-churches
form a diftin(fL prapofitorfliip. The whole country, fince the fuppreffion
of the fourth vogtey in 1755, confifts of three vogteys, viz. i. The upper
vogtey, to which belong the parilhes oi Dorum, Cappel, Mijfekvarden, and
'Padinghuttd. 2. The vogtey of the parilhes of Midlum, Spiecka, and
Altemvalde, and 3. That of the parifhes oi Imfuni., Wremen, -inA Mulfutn.
The upper vogt, with the two others, are nominated by the Sovereign j
but the fifft is poikired of no authority over the other two, each fuperintending
in his diftind: diftrid: the adminiftration of juftice, and other
concerns ; but of the latter, the adminiftrators of the country likewife
takes cognilancc. An appeal lies from the Upper-vogt , and the -vogts to
the courts of the general i:ogt, in which the Upper-'vogt prefides, unlefs
the judgegfüvcs and the vagts be afleflbrs. From this court likewife appeals
lie to the country-court, which is annually held by a counfellor of
the regency and a jufticiary counfellor; or, inftead of the latter, the parties
may move their cauie to the fupreme tribunal. The fea-court, which fits
on caufes relating to dykes, dams, boundaries, and damages done by
florms, fluices, and the like, confifts of the head dyke-grefen, and four
dyke-jurats of the paridi in which the matter in debate lies. The impoft;
called Herren-korn, which is generally paid to. the treafury in money, is
levied by the feveral vogts in their own diftriös. Thefe vogts alfo receive
the Goldgulden tax, w'hich amounts annually to the fum of fix hundred
gold guldens; and is an amercement payable by the whole country of
^Wurjhn^ for having formerly murdered a deputy of the archbilhop's.
5. The jurifdidion of Lebe, is a marfliy tract, on the IVeJer and Geeße,
full one German mile in length, and about half a mile broad. The only
place in it is Lehe, which confifts of three hundred and forty-one houfes.
•
At this place alfo is a Luthcrai\ and Cahiniß congregation ; but both perform
worfLip in the fame church. The principal fubfiftence of its inhabitants
is tillage and grafiery. Its juftice is appointed by the regency at
Hanover; and the town itlelf was once under the jurifdidion of the city
Gl Bremen, but in 1654 came to the dutcby. In^

Bremen.]
•
GERMANY.
231
In the angle where the Geeße joins the JVefcr, formerly ftood a fort
called Kcrlsburg, or Karlßadt, built by the Swedes, and fo named from
King Charles XI. This fort has fince been demoliflied, infomuch, that at
prelent only fome ruinous traces of its' walls and moats are to be ken.
Near it alfo flood the fort of Leher-Jchaitze, the fite of which, at prefent, is on
the Viela}id fide, a fmall arm of the Geeße having been interfeded at this
place, and the old channel of the river flopped by the finking of a fliip.
6. The Gohgericht, or Gohgrefschoft o'l Achim lies on the' Wejer, being
in fome parts marlh land, but in others a pretty good champaign, though in
fome again it confifts offandy pla'ms, and in others is moorifh. It contains
twenty-two villages, and fix private farms. The parochial-villages here are
Achim, Arbergen, zndDaverden. The jurifdidion is exercifed in the Sovereign's
name by a Gchgrefen; but the Bremen Intendant collects the revenue.
C. The bailiwicks and cathedrals in the Imperial cities of Bremen and
Hamburg, belonging to the dutchy of Bremen.
1. The imperial city of Bremen has not only a vogt inverted with criminal
jurifdidion, appointed by i\\Q¥>\v\^oi Great Britain, as Duke of Bremen,
but to him likewife belongs the cathedral, in which is a fuperintendent,
having under him fourteen country parifh-churches, with three
minifters. In this city alfo is ?i Lutheran gymnafaun, confiding of {z\zn.
mafters ; with the ancient epifcopal palace, the cathedral chapter-houfe,
containing about two hundred dwellings, an orphan-houfe, and the abbies
of St. Anj'chariiis and St. Wilhad, as far as they appertain to the dutchy.
The revenues arifing from the eftates belonging to the cathedral are
managed partly by the King's Struktur or archited, and partly by the Intendant.
The latter has the management of all the revenues which are
not appropriated to the fervices and fiipport of the cathedral, and pays
them into the treafury at Hanover. He alfo levies the revenues arifinpfrom
the Hochgrefschajt of Achim, and the county of Oldenburg, and is
likewife judge
Of the iurifdidion of Svjachhaufen :
To which belongs the village of that name, lying at a fmall diftance
from Bremen.
2. In the imperial city of Hamburg, the King, as Duke of Bremen, is
pofi"efied of the cathedral. Its chapter confifls of a provoft, a dean, thirteen
canons, eight minor canons, and thirty vicarii inununes. The prebendaries
here are alternately in the gift of the King and chapter, on the followin-^
conditions ; vix. that if one falls in 'January, the King has the difpofal
of it, if in February, the chapter, and fo on throughout the year. The
Yslmg of Denmark, by virtue of the lordfhip of P/««d'^fA-^, is alio pofTefled
of the right of nomination to a prebendary.
D. Gerichte, or juriididions belonging to noblemen, which fhall be mentioned
in the fame order with the above defcribed bailiwicks, diftrids, and
jurifdidions i beginning with thofe of the bailiwick of Zeven, viz.
J. The

232 GERMANY, [Bremen.
1. The jurifdiftion oi Badenßedt, belonging to the noble family of the
Märjchalks.
2. The Upper-Ochtenhatifen]\in(A\Ci\ov\, belonging to iht von der Decks,
and confifting of the villages of Vppcr-Ochtenhaujen and Fallie, with four
private firms.
-?, The jurifdidlion of Lower-Ocbtenhaiifen, in the parifli of Oehrel,
belonging to the noble family of the Grotes.
4. The jurifdidlion in the horde of Rhade, belonging to the manor of
Hmjlcdt, and containing the parochial-village of Rhade, in which lies the
manor of Mclau, with the villages of Rhader and Orßer-Eiße, Karlßmfen,
Glinjle, and two fingle farms. This.jurifdidlion formerly belonged to one
of the name of IfendcrJ] but its prelent proprietors are the Makpfal hmWy.
5. The juril'diction in the horde of Gihum, belonging to the During of
Bockcl, the Lieths of Baden, and fome other noble families, and containing
under it the parochial-village of Gihion, with Bcckel z farm, the village
of JVchldorf, and fome fingle farms.
6. The jurildiäion of Samiheck, which is for the moft part furrounded
by the OJlerholz bailiwick, and belongs to the Sandbecks, The houfe of
this name lies near Schar?nbcck, eighty-five houfes of which belong to this
jurifdidion, together with the villages of Weßerheck, Barcheji or Bargthen.
Wackkaufen, fome inhabitants of the villages of Wiße and Ohlenßedt,
Haßab farm, and the inhabitants of the village of Bihhe.
7. The jurifdidlion of Ritterbude, lying in the parochial-village of
Ritterbiide on the Hcumne, and belonging to the owners of the three manors
there.
8. The jnrifdidion of Lcwer-Ende, in the parifh of St. Jürgen, in the
bailiwick of Lilienthal, belonging to the families of Schaden and Hilden.
9. The frcye Damm of Cafebruchy in the pariüi of Bramßedi, belonging
to the Wcrfahcs.
10. ThQ freye Danm oi Meyenburg, likewife belonging io the Werfahes.
At this place is a church, with a psrilh confining of feventy houfes.
11. The freye Damm o^ Schivaneicede, belonging to the family ofthat
name, and forming a diftindt parifli, which confifts of five manor-feats,
and feventy-four houfes.
12. The jurifdidtion of Neuenhaufen, belonging to i\\e Werfabe family,
and containing the villages of Neucnhanfin and Born, in the former of
which is a nobleman's feat. Both thefe places lie in the parifli of fVohltJhuttel.
13. The freye Damm of Hechtbaußn, of which the Mar/chalk family
is proprietor. This diftridl conftitutes a particular parifli.
14. The jurifdidlion of Bhimenthal, belonging to the Marjchalks of
Hech'haufen, and containing thirty-two houfes in the village of Blumenthal.
J c. The jurifdidlion of Brobergen, in the horde oi Oldendorf,
16. The

.
Bremen.]
GERMANY.
16. The jurifdidion of F/'ö;-r(j/', lying on tlie Elbe, in the third Meile
of the Alten land, and being incorporated with the parifli of Neuenfelde.
This jurifdiäion contains under it fcventy-five houfes, and belongs to the
Gevetterns of During;.
ly. The jurifdidlion of Nincop, alfo lying in the pari(h oi Neuenfelde,
in the third Meile of the Alten land, and belonging to the Ronnes.
18. The jurifdidion of Rtd^ke, likewife fituated in the third Meile of
the Alten land, and the parifli o'i Eßebru^gs. This jurifdidion belongs to
the Schultern of EJieburg.
19. The jurifdidion an der Eße, otherwife called in der Leefwig, fituated
in the parifli of Eßebrugge, and belonging to the Bergßens.
20. The jurifdidion oi JVifih, lying in the parifli of M'^^/^/rfi^t'/?, in the
fecond Meile of the Alten land, and belonging to the Ronnes.
21. The jurifdidion of Delm, containing the parilhes of Apenjen and
Bliederfdorf, and belonging to the Durings, Zeßerßeths, and other proprietors.
22. The jurifdidion oi Homeburg, in the large village of Horneburg^
lying on \}i\& Aue, which at this place receives the name oi Luhe. This
jurifdidion belongs to its caftellans, the principal of which are the Durings
and Schultens.
23. The borde oi Be-verßedt, confifting of champaign grounds, producing
rye, oats, and buckwheat; with conliderable breeds of flieep and bees.
This diftrid belongs to the families of Scbeither and Ißendcrf, aud confifls
of five pariflies, namely, Beverßedt, Loxjledt, Bexhcvede, Kirchivijle, and
Kidßedt ; in which are included fifty-four villages and private farms. Bei'erßedt
in this borde is called a town. In Kirchiciße pariHi hes the village
of Bajdal, where the nobility of the dutchy hold a meeting twice
a year.
24. Th^freye Damm of Old-Luneberg, lying in the borde oi Beverßedt,
but forming a diftind jurifdidion, belonging to the Scheithrrs, and conflituting
one parifli, under which are comprehended the villages of Old-
Luncbej-g, Havighorß, and Frelßorffermuhle.
25. The jurifdidion of Po^^^wza/Vf;/, Oefe and Clus, conftituting a parifli,
the church belonging to which lies at Oefe, This jurifdidion is the property
of the Ißindorf iumWy
26. The borde of Leffum, being one fourth of a German mile in length,
and one broad. It lies on the Geeß^ and produces rye, barley, oats, and
buckwheat ; with hemp, flax, and potatoes, though the laft in no great
quantity. Pafturage and wood are very fcarce here, infomuch that the
ufual fuel of the inhabitants is turf and heath clods. The jufiiciaries of
this borde are the Hudes of Ritterhude and the Schonbecks. It contains
fixteen villages ; and in LeJJutn is a parochial-church. At Aumund, near
Vegefack, is a fugar refinery, with a manufadory oi porcelain.
Vol. VI. H h 27. The

334
GERMANY, [Wildefhaufcn.
27. The Jfcye Dumm of Schönebeck, is three-fourths of z German mile
in length, and one fourth broad. It lies on tlie Wejer, and its foil and
nrodudls are the fame with thofe oi Leffum. The jurifdiäion and land
here belong to the Schotiebecks. In it are the villages oi Scho?iebeck, Leuchtenburg,
Platjenwcrbe, Grohn, and a part of the village of Sr. Magnus.
28. The conventual bailiwick of Neuewwalde, belongs to the body of
the Bremen nobility, and had its rife as follows : in the year 1219 the family
of Diepholz converted the chapel of Midhtm into a nunnery ; but
Midhan being an improper place for fuch a foundation, in 12H2 it was
removed to Alte7iiaaide, and from thence in 1334 io Neuen'waldc. The
crown of Sweden getting pofi'efllon of the dutchy, the convent, together
with others, was given in fief. In 1680 Charles XI. promifed the Bremen
nobility, thjt all conventual eitates efcheating to the crown, fliould
be applied to the benefit of noblemen's daughters. This happening
that very year to be the cafe with refpedt to the convent of Neuenivalde,
it was ceded to the nobility, as a maintenance for eight ladies. King
George I. in 17 16, made fuch large additions to its revenues, that two
more ladies were adnntted, and thefe were afterwards fucceeded by two
others, whence, at prefent, it contills of an abbefs and twelve conventualifts.
The convent itfclf has its particular adminillrator, and the patron of the
church oi Neueniaalde is the Ibvereign.
The Town and Bailiwick of TV I L D E S HA U S E N
At prefent form no part of tlie dutchy of Bremen, nor of any other
cf the Brunlii:ick'Ltinei>ing territories ; but having formerly belonged
to the fee and dutchy of Bremen, cannot be more properly introduced
than in this place. They lie on the Hunte, being entirely furrounded
by the countries of Olde7iburg, Delmtnhorfl, and Diepholz, and the
bailiwicks of Vcchte and Kloppenburg, belonging to the fee of Mimfier.
The grcateft part of the bailiwick is a champaign country of tolerable
fertility. It has alio large heaths, and on the rivers Hunte and Lethe
feme marfli lands. It produces rye, oats, and buckwheat ; befides which
here are breeds of flieep and bees. The inhabitants follow handicrafts,
diftillinc', and the conveyance of goods and paffengers. Divers of them
in fpring and fummer go even into Holland, where they earn no inconfiderable
fum by digging of turf, mowing, and other laborious occupations.
Its exports principally confift of rye, wool, knit ftcckings, wax, and
honey. The town of JVildcjhanfen, with its dependencies, belonged to
the hereditary eftates of the firll: Counts of Oldenburg of the Whikind race,
of whom feveral relide here. Henry and Burchard, fons to Count John
the Younger, had a conteft with their coufms, the other Counts of Oldeiiburg,
who were defccndtd from Chriftian, with refpecfl to the {fMoiWildefhaitjen,
but agreed to refer the point to the decilion of Gerhard II. archbifliop
of

Wildefhaufcn.] G E R M A N T. 235
G^ Bremen; who adjudged the feat, with its appurtenances, to Count IJetiry
and his brother, on which the latter, in 1229, in acknowledgment ofFered
it to the fee of Bremen, as a fief. Henry the Archer, who likewife (lilcd
himfelf a Count of Oldenburg and Bruchbaujen, and Lord of Wildeßjaufen^
which was the principal place of his refidence, dying without iffue,
Hildebold, archbifhop of Bremen, in the year 1270, took polleffion of the
town, feat and bailiwick, as a fief which had elcheated to him, caufed
homage to be paid to him, and by dint of money filenced the other Counts
of Oldenburg, who had laid claim to the lame. His fuccefl'or Archbiihop
Gifelbert, in 1279 and 1280, alfo found means to make the Dukes Albert
and Otho of Bninpivick renounce, for themfelve? and their heirs, all their
pretenfions to the town of Wildejbauj'en. In fucceeding ages both the
town and bailiwick were frequently mortgaged ; as for inlhnce, by Archbiihop
^//^^r/ in 1376, to the chapter and magiftracy oi Bremen, who, in
1405 and 1409, mortgaged it a fecond time to John Count oi Diepholz.
In 1429 it was mortgaged by Archbifliop Nicholas to the fee oi Mimjler^
and by the latter, in 1458, to "John Count of Hoya, but redeemed. In 1493
it was mortgaged \o William Bufch, after whofe death, in 1523, Frederick
billaop of Munfler poflelTed himfelf of it. The bilhops of Bremen were
not wanting in endeavours to recover it, but without effed:. In 1634
Axel Oxenjiiern, chancellor of Siveden, fent inflirudtions to Chrißopher
Deichmann, the SwediJJj refident in the Circle of Weßphalia, to reflore the
bailiwick and town oi Wildeß:>aujen to 'John Frederick archbifliop oi Bremen,
who alfo afterwards became King of Z)i?;7/;?^rft: ; and in 1648, at the peace
of WeßphaUa, the town and bailiwick, together with Bremen and Verden,
came to the crown of Siveden. They were indeed conferred in fiet on
the Count of Wajaburg, in order the more readily to prevail upon hini
to cede the bilhopric of Ofnahruch, whicii he pollcircd •, but all the right
and prerogatives of the fovereign here are fuperintended by the regency of
Stade. In 1675 Chrißopher Bernhard, bilhop of Mimjler, made himfelf
mafter of it j but in 1679, at the peace of iV/?«;//

2.36 G E R M A N Y. [WildefTianfen.
arc permitted the exercife of their religion, under a fecular prieft, who is
pa'd by the bidiop of Miitißer, but without bells, church-mufic, and procedions
; their marriages alfo, with their baptil'ms and burials, are performed
by the Liitheran minifter. To the Lutheran parifli-church here
belongs a fuperintendent over three pariflies. This ciuirch was originally
built by Wighert^ Ton to Witikind Duke of Saxony^ whofe fon IValkrt, in
the year H72, founded a canonry at this place, and endued it with tlie
bones of St. Alexander, whofe name it fince bore. In the thirteenth century
this collegiate church was rebuilt. Walhcrl\ male iflue becoming extindt
towards the clofe of the eleventh century, in the perfon of Hum
Count of Oldeiibergy the patronage of the abbey fell to the Duke of Saxony
of the Billung hne. The Pfalzgrave Ht'wr)', fon to Duke Henry tbe Lion,
transferred to Gerhard II. archbishop of Bremen, his ancellorial right of
conferring the provoftlhip of this canonry, on a vacancy, which w^s accordingly
done by Olbo the Child, Duke of Brimfwick, and in 1228 by Albert
Duke of Saxony. But by an order of Archbilhop Gerhard W. in 1226
and 12-^1, the provofl: was always to be chofen by the prebends of the
cathedral at B^e^nen, though the canonry appertained from the beginning
to the diocefe of Olnabruck. At the peace oiWeßphalia this canonry was
iecularized, and, with all its appurtenances, ceded to the crowa of
Siceden ; and though the canons might have enjoyed the revenues they
were pofiefled of at Jf'ildc/haujen, during their relpeftive lives, yet inflead
of remaining there, and paying homage to Sweden, they withdrew to
Fechte, in the diocefe of Munßer, and would not give up the tytlies, rents,
and other confiderable incomes, which the canonry o{ V/ildeß.aiifen had for
a very confiderable time enjoyed in the diocefe of Munfter ; and to this day
neither the 5ie.v^///.> regency at Stade, nor the eleöoral hou;e o^ Brunfrslck-
Ltmebur^ hive been able to recover tiiem ;
notwithflanding which, they
flill keep up their right by folemn protefts. In the year 1323 the biHiop
o'i Munjier caufed the town to be difmanded. In 1538, on its being
taken by the Counts of Oldenburg, the caftle here was laid in aflies.
Exclufive of ihc parochial-villages of Great-Kneten and Himdloßn, the
bailiwick oiWildeß:aujen includes alio twenty-eight other villages and farms.
At Hundioßen are ftiil to be ktn the ruins of the old feat of the Counts of
IVaTaburg. That place has alio a manor.
Obf. The bailiwick of Wildeß:außen has, from time immemorial, been
pofiefled of the Gokgrejschaßt of the Dejum, which is now enjoyed by Fechte,
a bailiwick belonging xo Munßer, and was exercifedby it in 1652 ; but fince
that time the Munfter officers have obftruifted the holding of the Gob courts,
though, on the Brwiß^ick fide, the rights of the bailiwick of Wildep:aujen
have been aderted by protefts, which, in the years 1712 and 1713, were
delivered to the baihwick of Fechte, by notaries attefted by proper witnefles.
The Holzgericht or wood-court, at Evenferholz, in the parifh of Etnßecke,
which belongs to Munßer, and depending on this Gohgrefichaft, has been
held by the WHdeß:außen officerSj without any obftrudtion or diflurbance.
The

Luneburg-Zell.] GERMANY, 237
The Principality
of Luneburg-Zell.
§. I. ' I
*
H E maps of this principality are very far from being as corrc

2 8 GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zell.
Old-Mark
-,
the
JImenmi, a navigable river, the fource of which lies in
Glffhorn bailiwick ; the Luhe, which rifes there ; the ^ee'ue^ and other
fmaller rivers. The Aller, another navigable river here, which rifes in the
dutchy oi Magdeburg, traverfes the whole fouthern part of the principality,
and being joined by the Ocker, Fuhfe, Leine, and the lefier ftieams of
Oerze, Böhme, and others, continues its courfe into the principality of
Verden.
§. 4. In this principality are three large town?, namely Lüneburg,
Uelzen, and Zell, with eleven fmall, and thirteen boroughs or large villages.
The college of the L*?;?^^/:'^?//'^ con fids of, i. A diredor, who is
abbot of the convent of St. Michael's at Lüneburg, and is prefented by the
college of provincial counfellors, for the royal confirmation. He takes
place next to the aöual privy-counfellors, and even before the prefident
of the high court of appeals, unlefs when that prefident happens to be a
privy-counfellor, and is alfo fhled excellency. 2. Of eight provir;cial counfellors,
who, iointly with the diredor, compofe the college of provincial
counfellors. 3. Of two counfellors of finances. 4. Of four ordinary deputies
from the nobility. In the King's ordnance of the fecond of ATbvembcr
1752, concerning the right of eledion in this principality, the
eflates of the nobility are divided into four cantons, namely into thofe of
Lüneburg, Luchau, Zell, and Giffhorn. The firft includes forty-eight manors,
the fecond forty-nine, the third fifty, and the fourth forty-eight. In
the eledions, or other affairs of general concern here, each has a vote ; and
the proprietors of the eftates, who are entitled to fuch vote, are not to be
in any wife molefled on this account. Each of thefe cantons fends to the
Landjchajt\ college two provincial counfellors, and one deputy of the
nobles. Of the two provincial counfellors, one is eleded from among the
whole body of the nobility, and one from among the nobiliary ftates of
the canton ; but without any fuperiority or precedence over each other,
except what arifes from feniority. Their eledion is performed in the following
manner; viz. the poffeirors of manors and of the votes annexed
to them, are firfl fummoned by the ordinary reprefentatives of the nobility
to meet on the day nominated by the provincial-diredor, at the towns
which give name to the fcveral cantons ; and the ordinary deputy in every
canton, fitting as prefident, they choofe, by a majority of votes, two
eledtion-deputies, who muft have a fufficient eftate in the canton to qualify
them to vote, and be alfo of unexceptionable nobility. Thefe
therefore in the name of their refpeftive cantons, jointly manage the
eleöion of the new provincial-counfellor. This eleftion is made on the
day appointed by the provincial diredtor, by the direÖor, the provincial
counfellors, and the eight eleftion-deputies, in the court-houfe of Zell;
'.md the perfon fo chofen is prefented to the fovereign for his confirmation.
The eledtion of a financicr-counfellor is alio managed by the nobility, and
in

Luneburg-Zell.] GERMANY. 239
in the fame manner with the preceding. He is eleäed by the whole
body of the nobility in the principality, and that the votes of the nobility
may be equal to thofe of the college of provincial counfellors, which when
complete confifls of nine members, the financier-counfellor for the time
being joins himfelf to the deputies of the nobles, and thus conftitutes a
ninth vote. An ordinary deputy of the nobility is chofea by the nobility
of that canton alone, where the vacancy happens to be. The college of provincial-counfellors
eleds two qualified nobles, of whom the nobility ofthe
canton by a majority of votes choofe one, who is prefented to the fovereign
for his confirmation. The provincial fyndic is chofen by the college
of provincial-counfellors alone, but the receiver-general and the clerk of tiie
financesby the provincialandthetwocounfellors of finances. The nomination
of all the other officers belongs folely to the college of provincial counfellors.
The general Diets here are convened by the fovereign and held twice a
year. Till 1652 they met at Hofering in the bailiwick of Bodenttich,
but their place of meeting at prefent, is the council houfe at Zell.
The members of the Diet are only the province and financier-counfellors,
with the four ordinary deputies of the nobility, but by the abovementioned
edift of 1752 they are poffefied of two voices only, which are given by the
two eldcft, namely the deputies of the fees of Bardeivick and Ramc'ßoby
with thofe of the towns of Lüneburg, Ulzen and Zt'//. The Prince's
propofals are laid before the States by a minifter, and their fentiments
delivered verbally by their iyndic.
§. 5. The number of Lutheran parochial churches in this principality
amounts to near two hundred, which are divided into fifteen fuperintendencies
and over thefe are appointed two general fuperintendents.
The town oi Lüneburg contains four pariflies with a fuperintendent of its
own. At Zell are two Cahiiiiji congregations and churches, 'viz. one
German and the other French. Some of the towns have good grammarfchools,
and in Lüneburg is an academy of exercifes formed upon an
admirable plan.
§. 6. The principal manufactures and fabrics in this principality are
thofe of linen, cotton, cloth, ribbons, ftockings and hats. Haarburg contarn's
a manufactory oi ftarcb, with a fugar-refincry, and a wax-bleachery. At
Zell are lome ingenious artificers in gold and filver, uhofe works are
efleemed even by foreigners. The exports made here are in corn, buckwheat,
meal, garden-ftuff, hops, flax, billberries and flraw-berrles, of
which the inhabitants of the bailiwick of Haarburg vend annually at
Hamburg to the amount of fome thoulands of dollars ; together with thole
of ftarch, timber, beams, marts, all kind of wooden-ware, barges, boats,
fliips, horfes, black-cattle, milk, butter, cheefe, fatted calves, (of which
laft the bailiwick oi Winjen, annually fends to Hamburg, to the value of
five or fix thoufand dollars,) poultry, wool common and bleacljed, wax,
honev, .

240 GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zell.
honey, fait, lampreys, fugar, thread, linen, knit and wrought ftockings,
ftufFs, gold and filver works, &c. The conveyance of the merchandife
hence to and from Hamburg, Lübeck and Altena affords no inconfiderable
commerce to the country, and divers of the inhabitants find their account
in the carriage of goods, others by navigating the rivers and other means
of
fubfiftence.
§.7. This principalitywas formed out ofthe hereditär}' lands of the j5///z/;;^j-,
who were defcended from Count Bilhnig, whofe fon Hcnnann was by the
Emperor Otho I. created Duke oi Saxony. His male iffue failed in the perfon
of Duke Magnus, by whufe eldefl: daugliter Wulfhild, the hereditary eftater,
of the houfe of Bilking, came to her fpoufe Henry the Black, Duke of
Bavaria and his defcendancs ; as we have aher.dy obferved in the general
account of the territories oi Bninfivick and Liincburg, where is alfo given a
fuccind Iketch of the many changes this county has undergone.
§. 8. This principality entitles the King of Great-Britain to both feat
and voice in the college of the Princes of the Empire, and the Circle of
Loiver-Saxofiy. Its matricular affelTment is twenty horfe and one hundred
and twenty foot, or feven hundred and twenty florins per month.
§. 9. In it are fome hereditary ports, which are enjoyed by certain
noble families fettled in the country, as namely that of hereditary
marfhall which is pofiefled by the Medijtgs, who anciently bore the name
*>
of Marjchalle, without the addition of Meding to it; that of hereditary fewer
and cup-bearer by the Behrens,
and that of hereditary arch-treafurer by the
Knefebecks. The Dukes oi Lüneburg have alio introduced the port of hereditary
tafter into this
principality, which port was conferred on the Sporken family.-
§. 10. The chancery and high-court ofjuftice here are both at Zell. The
country fends two alTeflbrs to the high court, but the choice of thefe
affeffors is left to the college of provincial-counfellors. It appoints likewife
two counfellors for the high court of appeals, one of whom is a nobleman,
the other a commoner, and thefe are chofen by the majority of fuffrages,
at a general meeting of the provincial and financier counfellors, each of
whom has a vote, and likewife the deputation of the nobility, fees and
towns, of whom each clafs enjoys but one vote.
§. II. The revenues arifing to the foreign bailiwicks and prefedurates,
including alfo the regalia mufl: be very confiderable, fome bailiwicks bringing
in upwards of fourteen, fifteen and even 27,000 rixdollars />^r amium. To
thefe fums are to be added the tolls on the Elbe, the produce of which
cannot amount to lefs than that of the bailiwick. The country looks, i.To
the monthly contributions, which are renewed at the Diets every fix
months, and towards which the town of Lüneburg pays -rV- 2. To the
licent which the country likewife grants every fix months, and which
has alfo been introduced into the towns. From this the prelates and
nobles are exempt. 3. To the Schatz, which has been occafioned by tlie
5
debts

Luneburg-Zell.] G E R M A N T. 241
debts of the province, and confifts of a duty on cattle, beer, wine, brandy
and other commodities. The country alfo contributes to the Lcgation/kojien.
The commilTioners of all thefe feveral taxes are elefted by the college oi'
provincial counfellors alone.
§. 12. In this principality are towns, fees and monafteries, with royal
bailiwicks, prefe£turates and jurifdidtions belonging to noblemen. The
feat of the nobility and other free-houfes {hall be mentioned in the bailiwicks,
under which they lie, though wholly independent of its jurifdidlion.
I. Of the towns, and therein
I. Of the large towns having both feat and vote in the Diets.
Lüneburg, the capital of the principality lies on a navigable river called
the Elmen or Ilmenau, which runs through a part of the town ;
is environed with moats and walls, which are fortified with towers, and
is half a German mile in circuit, confifting of about 1300 houfes, with
between 8 and 9000 inhabitants. The parifli churches here are three,
'uiz. That of St. 'John, to which is annexed the fuperintendency,
with a Latin fchool confifting of five clafi'es ; and thofe ot St Nicolas
and St. Lambert, the laft of which is otherwife called the Äw/s-church.
In the church of St. Mary was formerly a convent of Minims, which
at prefent ferves for the town armoury, a library and a houfe of corredlion.
The laft of thefe was thoroughly repaired in the year 1676. la
Lüneburg are alfo three hofpitals, of which that of the Holy-Ghoß, and one
other contain each a church. On the market-place ftands the Prince's
palace with the guild-^all, and fronting them is the Pramonßratenßan abbey
oi Heilige7ithal, which was fequeftrated by the magiftracy in 1530, and
its church now ferves for a fait magazine. In 1753 an anatomical theatre
was built at the Sulz-gz\Q. The convent of St. Michael ftands near the
Kalkberge or death-hill, on which it was firft founded in the year 955 by
Hermann Duke of Saxony, but in 1373 was rebuilt in its prefent fituation.
It was formerly a BenedlBine monaftery, but the monks were to be defcended
of genuine nobility. In the year 1532 they declared for Lutheranifm, But
in 1655 Duke Chrißian Lewis with the approbation of the nobility fuppreft"ed
the convent, and founded therein a fchool for martial exercifes, and
in 1660 eredled alfo an a.cademicz\ gymnajium, the latter of which however
in 1686 was fuperfeded, and the fchool itfelf ftiled the dcademy. Inftead of
its former abbot, a LanSof me'idev was appointed here, whofe title was
afterwards changed into that of Landfchaft diredlor, which latter is the
title ftill in ufe. For this high office the college of provincial counfellors,
feledls two or three proper perfons out of the body of the nobility, and of
thefe the fovereign nominates one. The direflor of the Landjchaft refides
in the abbey, and like the abbot is the head of the States of the principality.
He is alfo prefident of the provincial college, and next in rank to
the privy counfellors. He is ftiled Excellency^ and in public inftruments
Vol. VI. I i makes

. with
242 GERMANY. [Lüneburg- Zell.
makes ufe of the following title, viz. by the grace of God LandJchaJ't
diredor and Lord of the manfion of St. Michael in Lüneburg. He is
likewife chancellor of the academy, where young gentlemen, natives of the
principality of Luneherg^ are maintained gratis, but foreigners educated at a
certain price, and taught Fre?ich, fencing, riding and dancing. The
members of this academy live in a fpacious flone edifice, built in the year
1711, and Counts and Princes have been of their number. The Aujreiter of
the convent, in Latin Ruralium magißer, is poflefledjointly with the Landschaft
diredor of the right of infpedion over the academy, and likewife
of the eftates, kitchen and cellar of the convent. This officer feems to
fill up the place of the ancient Cammerarius belonging to it. The firfl
mention of his office occurs in the year 1559. In 1665 this poft was
continued. The Aufreiter is choien by the college of provincial counlellors
from among the Lüneburg nobility, and prefented to the Sovereign for
approbation and invefliture of his employment. The conventual church'
of St. Michael has its own paftor and deacon. Within it is an ancient
burial place of the Dukes, and on its great altar flands the celebrated
golden table, being a board formerly plated over with gold, and richly
adorned with gems, but which in 1698 was ftripped by the nuted l\\\ei Nickel
Lifi, inlbmuch that at prefent only a fmall quantity of the gold remains.
In the convent is alfo a Latin fchool of four daffies, to which belongs the
hofpital of St. Be?tediSi with its chapel, and divers countr\ churches and confiderable
eftaies which are under o.ie bailiwi. k, though widely difperfed j
infomuch that the conventual bailiwick cannot be exhibited wifh any
degree of accuracy in the maps of this principality. J he mufl rem;;rkable
place belonging to it is Grunhagen on tlie Rbnenau not far from Bienenbuttel,
a manor where the abbots ufed to refide. Tüc convent, though in
the town, is not fubjed to its jurifdidion. The burghers ccnfift of four
orders, "oiz. the patricians (who out of the town enjoy alio the privileges of
nobles, have always been cautious in their marriages, and are for the mod
part proprietors of manors) the brewers, \h^ Kogelbruder (merchants and
riadelmen) and the artizans. To thele four cklfes are likewife to be added
the Sulzers, boatmen, and day labourers. Since the year 1639 the
magiftracy here are one half of them patricians and one half men of letters,
and thefe are invelled with the low and high jurifdidion. The Suize
conflitutes a dillind part of the town, which is walled in and has its own
feparate magiftracy. It confifts of fifty-four fmall houfes built deep in the
ground and in each are four large leaden pans, which are [\

Liincburg-Zell.] GERMANY. 243
fprings the falt-water is conveyed by pipes into a refervoir in the Sulze,
and there diitributed among the houles. The fait produced belongs to
thofe who are poffefled ot a pan or fhare, either of tlieir own or hired,
and luch again are called Siilfmci/iers, and are for the mofl: part patricans.
The falt-houfes here are fifty-four in number, containing two hundred and
fixteen pans of fait, which are daily boiled, and every falt-houfc eitimared
at 40,000 rixdollars, fo that the capital of the whole Su/ze, greatly exceeds
two millions of rixdollars. Of thefe falt-works a fifth is the fovereign's
due, but farmed to the Sulfmeijicrs. The town o^ Lunchi-g furtlier
pays annually to the treafury near 6000 rixdollars for the fovereign's mimtum.,
the fulz toll and other duties relating to the company of Sulfmäßers.
Formerly when there has been a larger vent for the fait, upwards of 1 20000
tuns ofthat commodity have been annually boiled in theÄ/fec, and all iold
off. But fince the commencement, of this century the fait -trade is fallen to
a low ebb. In the year 1733 by order of the regency the town phyficians
of LiUneburg made feme experim.ents of the quality of this fait, compared
with that of Hall in the dutchy of Magdeburg^ as alfo with the fait made
at Allendorf, Frankenhaufe and the ß^rg-, and found it preferable to them all
as filling the meafure better, and being of a whiter colour, but more efpecially
that .at any age its cryflals are the hardeft and largefl;, whence confequently
it is the moft porous ; befides which when once dry it continues fo better
than the (alts abovementioncd ; the latter being likewife inferior to it in
falcjbrity and pungency.
The two rocks weft of the town, which are known by the names of the
Schildjiein and Kalkberg, afford lime-ftone. Till the year 1702 filver and
gold were alfo coined at this place, but at prefent only a bale fort of money
is made here called the Scharfe, thirty-two of which amount to no more
than one Mifnian Grofchen *. Its exports are fait, lime and beer. Litneburg
trades likewife in wax, honey, wool, flax, linen and frize. Goods
alfo are brought here from all parts of Germany, and forwarded down
the Ehnenau to Hamburg, and by means of the Achfe to Lübeck, their
returns likewife coming the fame way. The warehoufes for thefe imports
and exports ftand on the Elmenau. The commerce carried on here is
fuperintended by a particular commiffion.
The Kalkberg, which lies on the weft-fide of the town not far from the
new-gate, though within its walls, yet is feparate from the town itfelf.
It is a fteep rock, the fide of which next the town is a rich quarry of
lime-ftone. In it are fpacious caverns containing a great number of terraffes.
Towards the town it is furrounded by a crown-work, which joins the
town-wall, and on the other fide by a horn-work, and round its fummit,
which is level, runs a breaft-work, on which are planted fome cannon. On
a large terrafs towards the town ftands the commandant's houfe, with the
garrifon-church and the barracks.
* In our money about id. y.
I J 2 The

244- GERMANY.
[Luneburg-Zell.
The mofl ancient account o^ Lüneburg occurs in the year 795, when the
Baxom killed Wtzxan King of the Obotritcs at Luine. The Suize exifted
fo early as the year 906. The Aborigines here were probably the M^ends,
and the town itfelf appears to have been formed out of feveral villages,
one part of which to this very day is called dos ivemlijche dorp or the Wendißj
village, and another Modeßorpe or Modefdorf. On the Kalkbdrge the Dukes of
Saxotiy of the Billung-Wne, founded a monaftery to St. Michael. In the year
1073 Lüneburg was become a large place, but in that year was furprized
by the Emperor Henry IV. together with the Kalkberg. In the year 1 138
the Marggrave Albert of Brandenburg twice made himfelf mafter of the
fort, but Gertrude mother to Duke Henry the Lion recovered it. On the
demife of Duke William, the inhabitants inftead of acknowledging Duke
Magnus, entertained hopes of becoming free and immediately dependent
on the Empire, and in 1371 got poffcflion of the fort by a ftratagem, but
in 1442 purchafed the property of it from the Dukes Frederick William and
Otho. In 1636 the Swedes laid fiege to the town, which (;n the hafty
furrender of the Kalkberg was brought to a fpeedy conclufion. In 1637
Duke George of Lüneburg recovered it; and in 1651 the city ceded its
right in it to Duke Chrijiian Lewis, who improved its fortifications.
2. Uelzen, a town on the Elmenau, by the two branches of which it
is furrounded. Here alfo that river firft receives its name, being formed
from the conflux of eleven aues or rivulets, whence its title fe^ms to be
derived. The Elmenau was once navigable from this place, inlomnch that
(hips from England traded here, and the ancient harbour btlunging to
it is ftill to be ieen. In the great church alfo is fliewn a fliip of gilt
copper which was a prefent to the corporation from the EngUjk. The
town itfelf contains cbout three hundred and twenty-nine houfes, of which
three hundred and four belong to burghers; the others are inhabited by
gentry, ecdefiaftics, men of letters, ^c. The magiflracy is poilefled of the
high and low jurifdidion, and in 1750 on the abolishment of the governors
court, received from the fovereign a charter and plan for the adminillration
of juftice. The firft minifter of the ^rf

Luneburg-ZelL] GERMANY. 245
to that of Lüneburg. At firft it belonged to the Counts oi Schwerin, but
ill 1269 Gunzel Count of Schwerin transferred the iovereignty of Uelzen to
yohnXyxikQ oi Lwieburg. In 1270 Duke "John augmented its privileges.
In 1451
it acceded to the Anfeatic confederacy. In J635 the Swedes
raifcd a large fum of money upon this place ; and in 1646 the greateft
part of it was deftroyed by fire.
3. Zell, a fortified and well built town, fituated on the All-r, which is
here navigable, and behind the new-town is joined by the Fuhfe. The
town itfelf, in conjundtion with the fuburb of Fritzetiwiefe, confifts of
five hundred and fixty-four houfes ; but including the oth';r fuburbs, fummer-houfes,
and buildings without the grates, the number of them amounts
to about 1400. At this place are held the high court of appeals for
the feveral territories of the eledloral houfe of Brunfwick-hiincburg, together
with the chancery and chief tribunal of the principality of Lüneburg.
Here aUb ftands the provincial houfe, for the Diets of the principality ; together
with one of its fupcrintendencies, and a fpecial fuperintendency,
which is adminiftered by the general fuperintendcnt, who is always firll
minilter of the town-church. The othtr public edifices in it are the puildhall,
the riding-houfe, the mews, and the armoury. The magiftracy is
poflTeiTcd of the lower jurildidion in the town, and hkewife m fome parts of
the luburbs ; as alfo of fuch a fliare in the penal junfdidtion, that they
may caufe a malefadlor within ihe town to be apprehended, fummarily
examine him, and fome of the council even aiTift at the torture,
^fter which the burgermaftcr in ofHce delivers him over to the Biirgwgtj
who fees criminal juftice executed upon him, which, with the inquifitorial
adls, are remitted to the magiftracy by the court. This officer
likewife, together with the commifTary of police, attends to the government
of the town. Uelzen fubfiffs principally by being a thoroughfare
of great refort, the feat of the high court of appeals, and the mart of
the corn lands to Bremen, for which the navigation carried on here by the
Aller is very commodious. At this place too are manufadurers and
artificers in various branches, particularly in gold and filver, whofe performances
are held in great repute, even in other countries. The Prince's feat
near the town is walled and moated in, and was the refidence of the Zell
Wne oi Bruufwick-Luneburg, which failed in 1705. It was built by Duke
Henry in the year 1485, and afterwards improved. The town of Ncw-
Zelleh^dm firft beginning only towards the clofe of the thirteenth century.
The Copialbuch in the guildhall, places it in the year 1292, Duke Otho, in
1300, conferred on it a charter, with equal privileges to that of Brimfwick^
but in 1447 '^^ ftatutes were entirely changed.
The remarkable buildings in the fuburbs, fuch as the houfe of correction,
a'id the Neujtadt church, with that o^ tht Cakinijh, the Prince's
mews and garden before the Weß-Zeile-gate, St. Georges alms-houfc, the
hofpital for difabkd (oldiers, the Alumloger church, the Prince's large and
fmali

246 GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zell.
fmall garden without the Old-Zell-gate^ the alms-houfe of St.
Anne, and the
orphan-lioufe before the Hehlen-gate, are fpecified in the fcquel under the
article of the Burgvogtey or caftcllany of Zell.
The fmall towns, which do not belong to the jurifdidion of the bailiwicks
in which they lie, are
I. Haarburg, a town, fituated on the Seeve, which runs through it,
and after being joined by the Engelbach, empties itfelf near this place into
the Elbe. It confifts of four hundred and feventy-two houfcs, befides thofe
belonging to noblemen, and is the feat of the two general fuperintendencies
of this principality ; as likewife of a Ipecial fuperintcndencv, under the
direäion of the general fuperintendent, who is always the head minlfter
of the parochial-church. In it alfo is a Latin {choo\. The town itfelf
was anciently fo far fubjedt to the bailiwick here, that an appeal lay from
the magiflracy to the prefeft ; but in 1707 this was abrogated by a royal
charter, fince which, appeals from the magiftracv pafs immediately, either
to the high court or the chancery. Criniinal juftice is adminiftered by the
bailiwick J
but the magiftracy apprehends all malefactors within its circuit,
and after a fummary examination, delivers them up to the bailiwick, and
certain members of the council, who are fummoned to attend at the court
as afleflors. Here is alfo a conliderable Wax~bleachery, with a manufadture
for flarch, afugar refinery, ribbon, flocking and cotton weavers, hatters, and
woolcombers. Haarburg likewife drives a confiderable trade to Hjlland,
in knee-timber, beams, mafls and floats. It is very commodioufly fituated
for trade and navigation, velTels pafling through the canal, and the
large and new fluice near the fort and the harbour, into the Elbe, and
from thence into the bafon formed by the Seeve, in the middle of the city,
near the exchange. For the crofling of the Elbe to Hamburg, here are
large and fmall Evern or barks ; of the former always nine, and of the
latter eight, which conftantly retain their names, how frequently foever
they may change owners, either by purchafe or inheritance. For the
conveniency too of paflengers, two fmall Ever .go every day to Hanburg ;
and if there fliould happen to be but fixteen or twenty fliip-pounds * of
goods, one large Ever mufl go. The fare for perfons and goods is fixed.
Here is alfo a burg fief, belonging to Baron Grote of Wrejialt. The foit
lies betvv'ixt the town and the Elbe^ being a regular pentagon. In it is the
palace, at which feveral Dukes refided from the year 1527 to 1642 ; together
with the commandant's houfe, that of the governor of the country,
the armoury, the magazine, the garrifon church, the barracks, and cthtr
buildings. In 1757 the Trench got pcfleflion of it ; but towards the end
of the fame year the Hanoverians retook it by fiege. Haarburg anciently
belonged to the archbifliop of ßr^/?z^;z, fo that in 1222, Otho I. Duke of
Lüneburg razed it, in order to deter Archbilliop Gerhard from huf.ilities
* This kind of weight, which is much ufed at Hamburg, aaiounts to about two hundred
and fifty-fix pounds Engitfi.
again ft

Luneburg-Ze]].] GERMANY. 247
againft the people of ^/(^/(f. In 1236 it is faid to have been razed a fecond
time, on the conchilion of an agreement between the faid archbiOiop
and Duke; but in 1252 was rebuilt by Duke Albert. In 1396 Haarburg
was taken by Duke Frederick, and mortgaged to the town of Lüneburg.
2. Dannenberg, a fmall town, fituated on aa eminence on the navigable
river yetze. In this town are one hundred and fiity-nlne houfes,
paying hearth-money, and ten empty ones. Of the former twenty-feven
are under the bailiwick, the feat of which lies at a caftle v/hich is now
fallen to decay. At the entrance of this caftle is an old folid tower, with
four rooms over each other, ferving for prifons. It is a received notion
that IValdemar II. King of Denmark was kept prifoner in this caftle in
the year 1223, by Gunzel Count Schwerin ; but it is much more probable
that Tannberg, in the county o^ Schwerin, was the place of his confinement.
The principal trade carried on here is brewing. The wheat
flour ground at the fovereign's mills in this country, and at Prißer, is
noted for its finenefs. The noble family of Danneberg is proprietor of
feveral pieces ot land in and near the town. Mr. Scheldt, in the Hanoverlan
memoirs of Glernlure, publiftied in 1753, p- 142^5 conjectures with
no fmall probability, that the county which received its name from the
caftle and town of Dannenberg, was a part of the Bllhwg inheritance.
The laft Count of Dannenberg, nf whom we have any certain account,
according to Mr. Lenz, in the fame valuable work, p. 258, was Volrad,
who in I 158 ligned a pardon, in conjunftion with Henry the Lion. In
1303, Count Nicolas fold his county oi Dannenberg to Otho Duke of Limeburg,
for an annuity, and even in his life-time made over a part of it.
In 1 3 1 2 this fale received the Emperor's confirmation ; but the fons whom
Duke Nicolas had, pofterior to this fale, were for excluding the Duke
from the county, and frequently made depredatory fallies from the caftle ;
on which, in 1378, the Emperor C6^r/f'5 IV. aflifted hy Albert oi Lüneburg,
marched thither, and having taken and demolifhed the caftle,
conferred both that and the county on the Duke, as a fief. In 1566 the
town became the relidence of thsLihns oi Brwifwick- Lüneburg, which is
now call; d the Wolfenbuttel line; but in 1671 was again annexed to the
principality of Lüneburg.
3. Lucho, a fm-.^ll town, feated in a marfliy ground on the yetze, infomuch,
that many of its houfes are built on piles. This town has an old
caftic bcloninng to it, and is the leat of a fuperintendency. The Counts
of Lucho, the firft of whom, known with any degree of certainty, was
named Hermann, and who occurs about the year 1 144, were vaftäls to the
anceltors ot the houle of Brnnfivick and Lüneburg; accordingly Duke IFillimn
of Lüneburg, in an intfrument bearing date in the year 1209, terms
both them and the Counts of Dannenberg and Welpe, homines fuos. On
the deceafe of Henry the lall Count oi Lucho, in 1315, the county fell
I
to

j^.8
GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zdl.
to Günther Count of Kejerubcrg^ who, in i3?o, difpofed of it to Oibo
Duke of Lüneburg. From the year 1569 to 1671 it belonged to the Dmiiicnberg
line of the houfe of BriüTJwick-Luneburg. In 1 608 the town was
deftroyed by a fire.
II. Lutheran fees and convents.
1. Thofeofmen, namely
1. The kt oi Bardewick, which is a town on the L«/'f, belonging to
the bailiwick o'iVVtnfen. Of this town an account is given in the fequel.
The time of its foundation is unknown. On the dellrudtion of the town
oi Bardcioicky by Duke Henry the Lion, in the year 1 11)9, the cathedral was
fpared, but the fee loft many eftates which had been given to it. It
was in a fair way however of recovery, when in 137:, during the war
between Duke Magnus of Brunfwick, and Albert Duke of Saxony ; the
Saxons fet fire to the ecclefiaflical dwellings, as well as to the houfes of the
inhabitants. In the year 1529, Z,«//)^rö«//;« was introduced into the fee ;
but Cbrißopher Duke of Brwjfivick, archbirtiop of Bremen, and adminiilrator
of the bifliopric oi Verden, in 1534,
flattered himlelf with uniting
it to the diocefe of F^r^^«. The canons however, in 1535, oppofed this
provident incorporation; and in 1543 they entered into a convention with
Duke Eriufl, on which the jR^»/ö«-catholic worfliip was entirely fuppreflcd
in the abbey ; and on the other hand, the canons and vicars confirmed in
the pofTefhon of their rights and eftates. The chapter at prefent is compofed
of a dean, a fenior, a fub-fenior, and eight fecular canons ; and
The principal revenues belonging to
enjoys both feat and vote in the Diet.
it are the tythes of Undeloh, Vogelfen, Mechterfen, Handorf, Ludorf, Roidorf,
Winfen, ^iarrendorf, Hintbergen or Himbergen, Robbel, Gollern, Wendekate
or Wennekath, 2.x\^ Little-Hcjebeck, all which are known by the appellation
of Corpus Prcebendce, being the firft incomes reftored to the abbey after the
demolition of the town of Bardeivick.
2. The abbey of RammeJßohe, in the government of Paitenfen, in the
bailiwick of Winfen an der Luhe, received its origin from a cell founded
in 842 by Afcharius archbilhop of Hamburg, in RameiJIon foreft. In
the year 862 this foundation was confirmed by the Pope, and fubjeöed to
the fee of Hamburg, From 1529 to 1540 the reformation gradually
eftabliflied itfelf here. The abbey confifts of a dean, a fenior, and four
canons, and enjoys both feat and vote in the Diets.
2. Nunneries, at each of which the Sovere.gn, from among the provincial
counfellors, appoints a commiffary, who, on ail occafions, attends
to its welfare, receives the accounts, and confults the improvement of its
revenues.
I. The convent for ladies eftabliOied at Lune confifts of an abbefs, a
priorefs, and eight conventualifts, and lies on the Elmenau, at a fmall diftance
from the town of Lüneburg.
This convent was founded inuyz for nuns
of

GERMAN Liineburg-Zell.] Y.
of the BcneäiBine order, by one Thierry, a monk, who was pricft of
St. Michael^ convent at Liincbnrg ; but in 1528 hsc:\\r\Q Lutheran.
249
2. The convent for ladies eftablirtied at Ebßorf^ vi'hich alfb was formerly
a BenediSline nunnery, but at prefent confills of a Lutheran abbcfs,
a priorefy, and fourteen conventualirts.
3. The convent for ladies at Medingen, confifiing of an abbefs, a
and twenty-three convcntuaüfts, two thirds of whom are patricians
priorefs,
oi Lüneburg. This convent has continued at the place it now ftands,
which was anciently called Zellenfen, ever fince the year 1324, after iiaving
been removed to four different places, fince 1228, in which year it was
firfl founded. Before the Reformation it was a Cißercian nunnery.
^, The convent of ^!e??haiißn, founded in the year 1233, and wliich,
before the Reformation, Was likewife a Cißercian nunnery. At prefent it
confifts of an abbefs, a priorefs, and twenty-three conventualifts, eleded
as
well out of noble as trading families.
5. The convent of Ifenhagen, lying on the Ife, and which was firft founded
in 1343 in the neighbouring village of Old-Ifenhagen, for monks of the
Cißercian orä&v, who, in 1257, h&'inghy John h\(ho^ oi HiIdeßeim called
to Bakenrode, they were replaced by Cißercian nuns ; which latter, in
1345, built the convent at the prefent place. It confifts of an abbefs and
fourteen conventualifts, in whom nobility is not required.
6. The convent for ladies at Walfrode, anciently called Rode, founded in
986, by a Saxon Count of the name of JValo, and confifting of an abbefs,
a priorefs, and nine conventualifts.
III. Royal bailiwicks : viz.
I. Haarbiirg-, a bailiwick, lying on the Elbe and Seeve. This bailiwick
is five German miles in length, and four broad, confifting of
marfli and Geeßland. Some of this marftiland is dyked in, and. fome
open. It is almoft every were fiuitful, though far the greateft part of
it is ufed for meadow ground and pafturage, what iittle of it has been
referved for tillage, producing wheat, rye, barley, oats, beans, and peas.
The marlhlanders likewife cultivate flax and hemp, but no more than
fupplies their own neceflities. The people on the Finkiucrder, at Neukof
and Kattivieck, apply themfelves chiefly to the culture of garden ftuff.
The Kirchwerder is famous for its plenty of a large kind of ftraw-berries.
Laiienbruch, Neuland, Bullenhaiifen, Over and Kirchiverder, produce great
quantities of poultry. The grafery here likewife is very confiderabje.
The Werders, or iflands of Kirch-Alten, and Finken, afford fine breeds
of horfes. Great advantages are alfo made by the fidieries in this country,
particularly by the inhabitants of the Kirchwrrder, Vv'ho buy up lampreys
for potting, which they fend to all parts of Germany. The principal
market for the produds of the marfhiand is Hamburg. The Geeßland
has in feveral parts eminences and bottoms, with divers heaths and turf-
VoL. VI. K k moors.

250 GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zell.
rnoors. The foil, when well manured, yields a middling fort of rye, together
with oats, buckwheat, and feme barley. The inhabitants further
apply thcmfelves to the breeding of cattle, flieep, and bees ; and fell annually
at Hamburg, to the value of fome thoufands of dollars, of billberries,
which grow in the woods here ; as alfo poultry and eggs. They
likewife diftil liquors, convey goods by water, make wooden ware, knit
ftockings, and follow many other employments. The bailiwick itfelf is
divided into feven vogteys or prefeä urates :
'uiz.
1. The Hdufcogtey, or the vogtey oi Neuland and Over, containing five
places.
2. The vogtey of Kirchwerder, which (Munchhof excepted) has no particular
villages in it; but the vaflals of the bailiwick live on this ifland,
which lies in the EI/j, and are intermixed with thofe of Hamburg and Lübeck.
3. The vogtey of Alteniverder, containing under it the parochial-village of
Altenwerder ; with Kattivieck, an eftate, belonging to the Sovereign, Kjufenbiifcb,
fome of the iiihabitants of Finkeniverder^ Lauenbruch, having a
manor, and Neuhof, an eftate belonging to Baron Grote.
4. The vogtey of Hittjeld, in which are twenty-fix villages, all incorporated
into the pariOi of Hittjeld. Carohbcjlel, in this bailiwick, is a
farm, belonging to the Sovereign; and at Lindl.crß is a manor-houfe.
5. The vogtey of Hopen, confifling of twenty-lour places, among which,
is the parochial-village of Sinßorf, with two farms belonging to the
Sovereign.
6. The vogtey of Jeßcburg, containing eighteen places, particularly the
parochial-village of that name.
7. The vogtey of Toßedt, confifling of twenty-five places, among which is
the parochial-village of Toßedt. In Wintermoor, in this bailiwick, lies the
fource of the river Seeve.
2. The bailiwick of /'F/V/'^/wi^«;-^, lying on the £.i^^, betwixt the fouth
and north channels of that river. This bailiwick is about one German
mile in breadth, and as much in length. Its foil is marlliland, but that
not equally fertile in all places. The inhabitants indeed cultivate wheat,
rye, oats, fome barley, and horfe beans , but their principal profits arife
from the milk of their cows, and the great quantities of garden-fluff" which
they carry to Hamburg. Here is alfo a dock, wherein are built large and
flout faips for the Greerdand trade. This dock belongs to a merchant of
Hamburg, who lets it out to hire. The bailiwick itfelf was formerly a
jurifdidion belonging to the Grote family, one of whom, named Werner,
in the year 13 19,
obtained from Adolphus Count oi Schaumhurg, the feudal
fovereignty over Stiihorn. In 1672, Duke Wiliam having purchafed it of
that family, converted it into a bailiwick, to which he gave his name.
The inhabitants are exempted from quartering foldiers, and are protecffed
in all the rights which they enjoyed under the Grotes. Withelmsburg, the
I
bailiv/ick

Luneburg-Zell.] GERMANY. 251
bailiwick feat, (lands one-fourth of a German mile from Haarhurg ; but
the latter, in (lead of villages, is divided into three vogteys, namely
1. The vogtey oiStilhom, containing one hundred and forty-nine houfes.
2. The vogtey oi Reycr/iieg, confiding of eighty houfes.
3. T\\t. \ogtt\i o^ Georgifwcrder, containing fi;

25 2 G E R M A N 7\ [Luneburg-Zcll.
calves are fattened for ten or fifteen weeks, all the year through, and
afterwards carried to Hamburg for fale, where each calf generally produces
as many dollars as it is weeks old ; and thus this traffick, one year with
another, brings in 5 or 6000 rixdollars. Great quantities of poultry of
all kinds are likewife fattened throughout the whole year along the Elbcy
particularly in the vogtey of Neuland^ and never fail of a good market at
Hamburg. The filheries on the Elbe in thefe parts are alfo very advantageous.
In the forcft oi Racitbruch is a ftud, where draught horfes and mules
are bred for his Majefty's ftables. In the bailiwick itfelf is one city, one
town, one hundred and forty-nine villages, and fifteen fingle farms,
making in all 2236 houfes ; and, in the year iJSS^ ^'^

Liiacburg-Zdl.j G E R M A N T. 253
5. The vogtey of yhncUnghaufen^ containing the jjarochiai- villige of
Amelinghaufen (in whicli is a nobleman's feat) and Bijpingen. At O.'d:t;('orf
the Lcipau runs into the Luhe, ar.d at JJpper-Haverbcck the Wümme has its
fource. The Raiibkammer here is a large wood on the Liinehurg-Heuie.
6. The vogtey of Garljiorf. At Sahrendorf or Zahreiidorfi'ä a poll-ftagc.
The wood oi Garlßorß and //^/^f«'/ hills afford imnienfe quantities of fuel.
7. The amts vogtey of Bardewick, in which is the town of Bardewiclc,
with the parochial villages of Handorf znA St. Denny s.
The tovv'n of Bardityck lies on the Ebnenau, being an open fcattered
place, and in circuit far exceeding the city of Luneburg, though exclufive
of the buildings appertaining to the churches, the fchool and
abbey, its houfes are not above one hundred and fix. It is reckoned however
very ancient, at leaft is known to have been once a large citv
containing nine churches. It belonged to the hereditary patrimony of
Henry the Lion., but withdrawing itlelf from his jurifdidlion, he laid iiege
to it in the year 1 189, and making himfelf mafler of it, in the heat of his
refentment he dtflroyed a confiderable part of the town. \\-\
1371 it was
fet on .lire and again deflroyed by the Suxo/is, whom Duke Alagtms with
the Chain attacked at this place. The inhabitants are in fome cafes conlidered
as burghers, iniomuch that though without a burgher-mafler, yet they
have a council of their own, but are bound to perform fervices to their
Lord equally with peafants. They fubfifl for the mofl part by the culture of
their gardens, the produfts of which are carried to Lüneburg and Hamburg,
at the latter of which, near the church of St. Catharine i, they have a particular
warehoute of their own, called the Bardeivicker Zippeikaus, and by
virtue of an agreement between the magiftracy of Ü77«^Z(fr_g" and the council
of Bardewick, concluded in 1604, this warehouf'e is to be kept in good
repair by the former, in conlideration of the j-early payment of one
hundred and ten marks of good and current money. Here is alfo a fuperintendency,
and near the old cathedral flands the above-mentioned abbey.
The alms-houfe without the town called Nikolaihof, belongs together with
its church, to the city of Lüneburg.
8. The amts vogtey of Bienenbuttel has no limited circuit, but the villages
and fubjeds belonging to it, with refpedl to their contributions are diftributed
among other bailiwicks. To this vogtey belong the parochial
villages of Bienenbuttel, with the manors o{ Rgerßorf ,
properly called Edeflorp,
and Haiißedi ; Lhideloh, the church belonging to which, is incorporated witii
that o'i Hanß.edt ; Kirch-Gellerfen, Ra-ven iind Salzhaujen.
5. The bailiwick of Butilingen, containing the viflage of Buttling on
the Netze, which river at this place formsitfelf into the Baruin-\^kQ, and nor
far from thence runs into the Elmenau, together with the villages oi Barum
and Luderß:aufen on the Netze, in the latter of which formerly flood a
cadle,
and Britlingen,
6. The

254 GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zcll.
6. The bailiwick of Scbarnebeck lying on the Netze, and being five
German miles in circumierence. This bailiwick contains feme marfli land,
but is for the moft part either fandy or moorifh. It produces however,
wheat, peas and horfe-beans, but more particularly rye, oats and buckwheat,
though no more hemp than fervts lor home confumption. The
heaths breed flieep and bees. The grafery here is confiderablc, and befides
plenty of fuel and timber it yields al(b turf. In the bailiwick are four
villages, with as many farms belonging to the fovereign, two mills, a
great number of vaflals fcattered in the
feveral bailiwicks of Bleckede, Lune,
Winfe7i an der hübe and Laueyiburg. Its corn titlics likewife amount to a
confiderable fum. Scbarnebeck and Echen are t\A o parochial villages ; at
the iirfl: of thefe is a feat formed out of a pa. t of the building of the
Cyienian monaftery, as out of its lands alfo was er cted the bailiwick.
The bailiwick of Lune, fituated on the Elmenau, and containing under
J.
it forty-fix places. This bailiwick was formed out of the eftates belonging
to the provoftHiip of the convent of Lime, which has been mentioned
above. The parochial-village of Lune, in which rtands the convent, has
likewife a fuperintendency. Here is alfo a mineral and medicinal fpring. To the .
bailiwick belong the parochial villages of Embfen, ReinsdorJ'and Thomasburg.
The village of Heilingenthal was at firft called Zibelingborßel, but obtained
its prefent name on the eredion of the pr

Luneburg-Zell.] GERMANY. 255
conflituted a part of the county oi Dannenberg; and is in length three German
miles, but in breadth only two and a half. It conült? of marfh and
Gceji land, in the former of which is good tillage and grafery. It yields
likewife flax and l>emp. The Geefl land belongs to Drawan^ and confiüs
of heath and fands, but what it wants in tillage, is endeavoured to be
made up by the breeding of bees, flieep and horned cattle. The Go7-de is
a remarkable foreft of oak, beech and other trees, four German miles in
circuit, and abounding in dt-er, wild-boars, and all kinds of wild beafts
for chace. On the eaft fide of it (lands a royal hunting feat, with
buildings belonging to it for ihelter. The inhabitants of this bailiwick are
defcendants of the Wendi. From the year 1566 to 1671, it belonged to
the Danncnberg line of the houfe of Brtmfwick-Luneburg, and contains under it
I. Hitzacker, a fmalitown feated on an ifland i;i the yetze, which not far
from this pake runs into the Elbe. The bailiwick here was formerly one of
the Prince's caflles. Y)uke Augußus the firfl: ol the Princes who refided in it,
but who afterwards removed to Woljcnbuttel, had founded a library in a
I'ound tower here, which on its removal to that city, was increaied to
8000 volumes. Almoft in the centre of the tov/n too lies the king's toll
houfe, the produce of which is very confiderable, and all paid in ready
fpecie. In this town is likewife annually held a large fair on St. GaU\ day, in
which the Marjhlanders exchange their wheat, barky, beans and peas, with
the Geeßlanders in lieu of their rye and buckwheat, and at the fame time
alio the cornfaöors of the adjacent bailiwicks, who refort thither on this
occafion, fettle the price of grain, which price continues afterwards for a
confiderable time, and fometimes even for the whole year rouad. This
pkce in the Duke and Pfalzgrave Henry'?, records of 1203, relating to the
inheritance of his brother Duke William, occurs among the cities under the
name of Hedefackere.
Not far from the town, at the nver yetze, begins a mountain which reaches
to the Elbe and is called the Schlojz and Weinberg. The former of thefe
appellations it derives from a Schlofs or caflle which formerly ftood on it,
and the fecond from having been planted with vines till the year 17 13.
•2. Fifty-feven villages, of which Barendorf a.nd Rieberairxvo. both parochial.
3. In the village of Dotzingen not far from Hitzacker, are two manors
belonging to the noble family of Hitzacker.
I !. The bailiwick of Dannenbcrg, lying on the £ä^^ and yetze, and being
about eight German miles in circumference. By the latter of thefe r'lvers it is
divided into two parts, of which that between the Elbe and Jeize is
maifliland, intermixed with fome fandy trads and heaths ; but on tlie other
hand the part lying wedward of the yetze is heathy and fandy, and forms
a part of the Drawan, which is the country fituated betwixt the town of
Daunenberg and Luchau and the parochial-village of Rofche. It derives its
name from the Wendijh word Drawa, figaifying a wood or forefl, but is at
prefent

25-6 GERMAN
T. [Luneburg-Zcll.
prefent for the moH: part cleared, and divided into the Upper and Under
Draivan. To the former of thefe belong the parishes of Zcbelin and
Crumajel, with the vogtcy o( Kte/e?2 and all the land beyond it towards Rofchc.
The latter comprehends under it the parifhes of Cienz, Zeetz, Cußen and
Saicmin. The inhabitants are defcendants of the Wendig but at prefent
fpeak not that language, the ufe of it being forbidden them. Their
German dialed however differs in feveral refpeifts from that of their neighbours
j for inftance they never pronounce the h in a word beginning wiih
that letter, yet on the contrary prefix it to all other words beginning with a
vowel. The foil of this part of the bailiwick of Da7inenbe?g whi^h belongs
to the Drawan being barren, and labouring under a fcarcity of water,
their tillage and grafcry here mufl neceflarily be inconfiderable. The Lucie
is a large niarfliy foreft, affording but little timber or wood for fire. The
exports of the bailiwick are honey, wax, wool, hops and linen. It is the
proper county of the Counts of Dannenberg, of whom vvc have made
mention above, under the town of that name, and who appear to have
acquired it by fubduing the Wendi. In it are fixtv-fix villages, with ten
farms, and fheep-walks. Its parochial villages are Brefelenz, Damnatz and
Langendorf, in the neighbourhood of the lart: of which formerly was a
fand-hill on the river Elbe, yielding allum and quickeborn. On Gum/efaTm,
which belongs to the fovereign, lies the lake of that name. In the village
of
Pretzetze anciently ffood a feat.
12. The bailiwick cf "Jetze and Dumme, belongs to the Wendifo Gaiien
or F(tgi of the Dnnvanj Geyn-ot Chein, Lennigau and Nering or Oering. Its
inhabitants are defcended from the Wendi. Of the ancient Counts of Lucho
and their county, to which this bailiwick belonged, fome mention has
been made above under the town o^ Lucho. The bailiwick contains it in one
hundred and forty-two places, but of thefe twenty-one with refpeift: to
contributions are reckoned in the bailiwick of Wußro. The moft remarkable
are
The parochial villages of Crumafel and Zebelin, lying in the Upper
Drnivan ; T^ebelin partly belongs to the bailiwilick of Wujiro.
Clenze, a town.
The parochial villages of Cuflen, Satemin and Zcclz, (the church
belonging to the latter of which is united with that of Biilitz) both
lying in Under the Dra^u^an.
Bidiiz, a parochial village in the Geyn.
RebensdorJ znd Woltersdorf, two parochial villages fituated in the Nering
or Oering. In the latter of thefe villages are two noblemens feats.
Predohl, a parochial village fituated in Lennigau.
Waribeck, Warbecke or Warpke, a caftle, of which fome ruins ftill remain.
This caffle gave name to the Counts o^ Wartbeck and their county,
ill the year ij6i Count Hermann founded the convent oi Dijzdorf ox
Dißorf

Liineburg-Zdl.] G E R M A N T, 257
Dißorf in the Old Mark which is ftill in being. In 1388 Duke tJenry
ion to Duke Magnus vJtth the Chain icfided here. The ancient bailiwick
of this name has been incorporated with that of Lticho.
Bergen an der Dumme, a town once belonging to the county of Wartbeck :
with
The parochial villages of
Flate and Pretzel.
13. The bailiwick of Wiijho lying on the 'jetze and Dumme, and
belonging to the Wendijh Gaus, Drawan, Geyn, and Nering or Oerwg.
The loil of this bailiwick is very mooriOi but affords plenty of fuel. The
inhabitants who are alfo of Wendijh extraction apply themfelves principally
to tillage, grafery and the culture of flax. A great deal of linen is alfo
woven here and carried to Hamburg. The bailiwick itfelf was formerly a
jurifdiftion belonging to the /Fi'//?ro family, but in 16 15 becoming vacant
by the death of the Lord of the country and fief, was ere

258 G E R M A N r. [Luncbörg-Zell.
five Feißei or Veeß^s (that is to fay) Undervogteys. The mod remarkable
places here,
are
OlJenfladt, a parochial-village, which is the feat of the bailiwick, anJ
the place where formerly flood the convent. It lies near Uelzen on the Wipperau,
and was originally named UllcPmm or more contradledly Uclfen, but
fo early as towards the thirteenth century was called Olden or Old Uellefeny
and the neighbouring town of Lowenivold, Nien or Neu Uellejen. In procefs
of time, however both the convent and village came to be Itiled Oldenjladl,
and the town of Lowenivold obtained the name of Uelfen or Uelzen.
The parochial-village of Leembke or Leimhke.
16. The bailiwick of Medingen lying on the Elinenau, and being three
German miles in length, though only two and a quarter broad. This
bailiwick conlifts principally of heath and fand grounds, but in fome pasts
of it we Hnd a better foil. The principal fubfirtcnce of its inhabitants is
derived from the culture of flax, which is here naturally good in itfelf,
and ftill further improved by their fkill in preparing it. They likewife
weave linen, particularly a coarfe fort called Pechlinen, the greateft part of
which is fent to Hamburg. The inhabitants trade likewife in wool, honey
and wax. The bailiwick has been formed out of the provoftHiip of the
fupprefied convent of Medingen. The fifty-two places in it are ranged under
the united vogteys oi Haus and Bevenfer, with the three Fei/Is or Uiiderrogleys,
but of thefe places fome pay in their contributions jointly with the ba.liwick.
of Winjen an der Luhe and Lune, and two are even reckoned in them,
there being in each a farm which contributes to the bailiwick of Medingen.
The mofl remarkable places here are
Medingen, the feat of the bailiwick, and likewife of the above defcribed
convent. This place lies on the Elmenau, and confifls only of the buildings
belonging te the office, with the convent, and the parochial-church, as aifo
üf fome mills and an inn.
vT Bevenfe?!, commonly" called B^hmfen, a town feated on the Elmenau not
far from Medingen.
Old'Medingen, a parochial-village, where the convent which now has its
feat at Medingen, was firfl erected in 1261, by Werner and Gebhard oi
Meding; but in 1324 removed to its prefent place.
The parochial-village of Barum, containing a nobleman's feat, together
with Himbergcn, Romjiedt and Wichmansburg.
1 7. The bailiwick of Ebßorf, fnuated on the large heath of Lüneburg.
Scarce any part of the Bnmjwick territories equals this bailiwick in the
culture of bees; the produce of the honey made here amounting in a

Luneburg-ZelL] GERMANY. 25g
Old-EhßorJ^ a village, betwixt which and Wittenwater or fVeifzwiißcr lies a
plain covered with fepulchral TimiuU or barrows, and which is luppofed to
have been the fcene of the terrible battle fought between the Saxons and
Normans, in the year 880.
The parochial villages of Hanßedt, Munßer, Nathendorf, and
Wridel.
i8. The bailiwick of Bodenteich, which is one of the largeft in the whole
principality, being eighteen or twenty German miles in circuit, and containing
one town, with one hundred and fifty-fix villages, but of thefe,
feveral with refpeil to their contributions, are joined to other bailiwicks.
In it alfo are thirteen noblemens feats. The bailiwick itfelf is divided into
nine vogteys and Feißs, and once conftituted a part of the county of
Lucho. The moft remarkable places here are
Bodenteich, a town fituated in a marfliy foil near a lake, and being the
feat of the baiUwick. This place gave name to the noble family of Bodenteich,
which became extinct in 1666, but the town itfelf had been fold
by them in 1347 to William Duke of Lüneburg.
Hoßering, a village fituated on the Hardau, and the place where the
Lüneburg Diets were formerly held.
The parochial-village of Hollenßcdt, containing a manor-houfe, together
with Motzen, Nettlekamp, Rofche, Ratzli?2gen, Stedredorf] and Sudcrburgy
in the laft of which is a manor-houfe, and other places.
19. The bailiwick of Ifenhagen, formed out of the fupprefi"ed provoftfliip
of Ifenhageii convent, and containing no villages of its own. Of the
convent notice has been taken above.
20. Knefebeck, confifting principally of the original houfe of the noble
family of Kneßbeck and its appurtenances, which in the fifteenth century
efcheated to the Dukes of Lüneburg. In the year 1668 this bailiwick was
mortgaged to Otho the Great, and continued for fome time in his family.
On Pickeling heath in it lies Fickelßein and Rotheßerg or the Redhill. The
moft remarkable places here, are
Knefebeck, a parochial-village, in which is the bailiwick-houfe.
Wittingen, an old town built in the year 1012, and which fo early as
1203 was the property of the Lüneburg family. In 1639 and 1642 thi?
place was totally confumed by fire : In it are three manor houfes belonging
to the Kneßbeck family.
Ohrdorf, in which the Ohra has its fource, together with Zaßnbeck.
both parochial villages,
21. The bailiwick of Klotze is wholly furrounded by the Mark^
excepting that in the large, thick, marfliy and defart foreft of Dromling,
a part of which belongs to this bailiwick, it borders on the dutchy of
Magdeburg. It is about three German miles and three quarters in length,
L 1 2 and

.
26o
GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zell.
and two broad. The foil f-andy, heathy and moonfli. The inhabitants
cultivate rye, buckwheat, oats, barley and hops, and likewile breed cattle.
The bailiwick itfelf formerly belonged to the Old Mark, In 1344
Lewh Eledor of Brandenburg transferred it to fome noble families with
power of redemption j and in the fame century one of the name of
^it-z.0 made himfelf mafler of the houfe of Klotze, from whence
he ufed to make great ravages and depredations, till checked by the
Duke of Brwifwick and Albert Archbifliop of Magdeburg, who having
reduced Klotze houfe, held it afterwards in common, and probably in
the fixteenth century, it came entirely into the principaUty of Lüneburg.
To it
belongs
Klotze, a town fituated in a wood or heath, to which it gives name.
This place is the feat of the bailiwick, and likewife of a fuperintendency,
to which the parifli-churches within its jurifdidion are fubjetl.
Breitenfeld, a parochial-village one half of which belongs to this bailiwick,
nnd the other half to the Old Mark. The proprietors of the latter are
the families of Schulenburg and Albenßeben. The toll paid here is wholly
appropriated to the ufes of the bailiwick.
Kakerbcck, a parochial-village, containing a manor-houfe with
Four other villages, and Dolnitz, a farm of the fovereigns.
22. The bailiwick of Fallerfieben, lying on the Aller, and confining of
feventeen places. This bailiwick is divided into two Gohgrefschaften,
namely
1 into the Gohgrefichaft of Grevenkih, containing
Fallerßcben, a town which is faid to have been purchafed in the year
^337' °^ ^^ Counts of Woldenberg by Otho and TVilliam Dukes oi Lüneburg.
The caftic here was built by Francis Duke of Gifhorn. Fallerjlehen
is the feat of a bailiwick and fuperintendency.
The parochial villages of Hattorf 2ind Sidfeld, in the former of which
is
a manor.
2. Into the Gohgrefschaft of Hafen%i:inkel, in which lie the parochial
villages of Heiligendorf, NeindorJ, Ochjendorf and Rohde. The lafl of
thefe places contains a manor.
23. The bailiwick of Gijhom, being about four German miles in length
and near one and a half broad. This bailiwick lies on both fides of the Aller,
which here receives into it the IJ'e, and is further watered by the Ocker. It
confifls of two parts, namely
I. The dilhiä: of Fleidjnarkf, which lies on the north fide of the
Aller. The foil of this diftriä: is various, heathy, fandy and mcoriih, but
affords good tillage and grafery, with confiderable breeds of flieep and bees.
Its exports are honey, wool, wax and thread ; and in good years alfo
fome grain. To it belongs
I. Gifhorn, a town lying on the Alkr^ which below this place receives
into

Luneburg-ZelL] GERMANY. 261
into it the Ife. This town is the feat of a fuperintendency ; and clofe to it
lies a walled palace, which was built by Dul^e ir^^/zm in 1525. Gijhorn
was a town fo early as the year 1260.
2. ThQ Haujvogtcy, confifting of nine villages, one fingle farm, one mill,
and one (hcep walk.
In this part alfo lies the Boldcckerland, belonging to the Counts Schulenhurg
cf Wolfsburg, in which is the parilh-village of Jcimke-, with fix
other villages.
3. The vogtey of Warenholz, to which belongs the parifli-village of
the fame name, with three others.
4. The vogtey of Stcinborjl, in which lie the parochial-villages of Stcinhorß,
Great-Oefingm, and fix other villages.
5. The vogtey of Hankembuttel, containing the parochial-villages of
Hanketisbuttel and SprackenjM, in the former of which for fome time flood
the convent, which is now removed to Ilmhagen ; together with the village
of 01d-Ife}jhagen, where the above-mentioned' convent was firft built m
1243 ; and thirteen other villages.
2. The Papenteich, which lies on the fouth-fide of the Aller, being in
fome parts very fertile in all kinds of grain ; but in the Geejiland, agriculture
is not (o thriving. Great gains are made here by grafery and cattle,
which, with its foft wooll, which is made up in packs, and carried to
Brunfwick, and its thread, are the moft confiderable branches of its trade.
Some villages alfo get confiderably by water carriage. In this diftrid: are
forty-three villages, one fingle farm and one mill. Among the firft is the
parochial-village of Ribbuttel, containing a manor-houfe, together with
that of Ifenbuttel, likewife having a manor-houfe j as alfo thofe o^ Leiff'erde,
Didderfe, Great-Scbwiilper, containing a manor j Adenbuttel, Ejenrodcj
having manors ; PVetmerßagen, containing a manor ; and Meine. The
village of IFalle in the parifli of Great-Schivulper, lies on the Schunter,
which in this difl:ri(fl falls into the Ocker.
24. The bailiv/ick of Mcincrfen^ lituated on the Ocker and Fnhfe, and
being about ten German miles in circumference. The foil of this bailiwick
is in fome parts pretty good, but in others fandy. The principal
occupation of its inhabitants is agriculture, and in fome places alfo the
breeding of cattle, though in mofl it confifls in the fpinning of thread,
for which the greatefl part of the flax in the bidiopric of Hildeßieim is
bought up. At llanigjeji and EdemiJJen tar is prepared, and not far from
Eddeffe in Fißenherge, is an excellent quarry of flone. The bailiwick itfelf
is divided into three diftriös, namely
1. \xiXQ \S\Q Haulvogtey, con fifting of feven villages ; among which is
Meinerjen, in the ninth century called Meunrejfol, a parocliial-village,
>
fituated on the Ocker, and being the feat of the bailiwick. The firfl pro
prietors of it were the Lords of Meinerjen, The burg, which v/as the
place

202 GERMANY. [Luncburg-Zdl.
place of their refuience, flood on the Weinberge on the Ockc7- ; but Duke
Otho the Severe dilpoirelTed them of it, and conferred it on the JVendens.
This donation is faid to have been made about the year 1316; but both
are now become extind.
:('amiHes
Paß, a parochicii-village.
2. The vogtey oi Uctze, confifling of eighteen villages, among which is
Uctze, a parochial-village, having a manor-houfe ; Sieverß.aufen, containing
both a fuperintendency and a manor-houfe ; and Hanigfen. Near
Sieverjhaußnj in the year 1553, a battle was fought between Albert Marggrave
of Brandejiburg, Maurice Eledor of Saxony, and Henry Duke of
ßrufßwzck.
3. The Gohgrcfsckaft of Edemifen, confifting of twenty-one villages,
among which are Elze, Dedenhaujeti, Eddeße, Edemißen, Eickenrode, and
Stederdorf, (in the laft of which the family of Oberg are poffefTed of the
lower jurifdidion) together with Wipßoaufen, all parochial-villages. Ohoff
iß
a poil-ftage.
25. The bailiwick of Burgdorß, which is three Germmi miles in length,
and two broad. This bailiwick affords good tillage, woods, breeds of
cattle, and bees ; and contains under it
Burgdorß, a fmall town, feated on the Aue. This town is walled and
moated, and has alfo a caftle environed with a wall and double moats.
In it are two hundred and fixty-five houfes, and a fuperintendency. Duke
Otho having taken this place from the bilhopric of Hildejheim, in the year
1422, fortified it, and increafed the number of its inhabitants, by adding
to them the peafants of certain villages which had been juft deflroyed.
He at firft gave it the name of Burgau, which was afterwards' changed into
that of Burgdcrf. In 15195 during the Hildeßmm war, it was entirely
deftroyed, but afterwards rebuilt. In 1632 the Imperialißs i&i fixt io the
cafllc, which was repaired however by Duke Frederick in 1642, and in
1650 enlarged by him. Ever fince that time the Dukes oi Brwifmick
and Limeburg have held their private conferences here.
Seventeen villages, of which Great-Steinivedel and Obberßagen are parochial.
26, The bailiwick of ^y&/^(7z, lying on both fides of the Aller, whicbi
in this bailiwick, receives the heim and Böhme. It is one German mile
and a half in lengdi, and as much broad ; and conhfls of champaign,
heaths, and fandy grounds, but to the fouth of the Aller has alfo
good marOi-Iands end pafturage. Its woods confifl principally of oak.
At Hiidemidilen are built barks, which are employed on the Aller and the
Leine. Great quantities of timber are alfo conveyed on floats to Bretnen.
The inhabitants carry on a confiderabie trade in horfes, cattle, wool, honey
and wax. The bailiwick contains two towns, together with twelve villages,
and a mill. The mofi: remarkable places in it are
Ahlden^

Luneburg-Zel].] GERMANY. 26;
yihlden, a town, fituatcd on the old Leine, not far frofn the river AHer^
and fo called from the conrfe of that river, which formerly ran through
thefe parts. In the palace here, from 1694 to 1726, refided after her
feparation Sophia-Dorothea, confort to King George I. At this lafi; place
alfo lies the bailiwick-houfe.
In this country, between the Aller and the Leine, flood Eunkenhnrg
houfe, which is the feat of the Ahlden or Alten family. The Bunkenburg
court of nobility is faid to have been originally held here, though it was
afterwards removed to Rcthem.
Hudemuhlen, a fmall town, feated on the Aller, and in which the faniily
oi Hodenherg arc polfefled of three manors, with the right ofjurifdiöion
over the town itfelf. The heirs of this family are likewife proprietors
of the adjacent manor of Wicdenhaiifen.
Bierde, Eilte, Grethem, and Frankenjeld, villages containing manor-houfes.
Gilten, a parochial-village, having three manors. Not far from this
place the Leifie runs into the Aller.
Eckeloh,
a parochial-village.
27. The bailiwick of Rethem, lying on both fides of the Aller, and
being four German miles in length, and three broad. The borders of the
above river are marfhland, but the other parts here confift of champaign,
fandy and heathy grounds, with fome moor land. The inhabitants follow
agriculture and grafery, and trade likewife in wool, honey, and wax.
In it
is
li Rethem, a fmall town, fituated on the Aller, and confilling of five
parts, viz. i. Of the bailiwick-houfe. 2. Of the jfunkernvoriurg or
yiinkernßrafze, in which the eleven Burgmanns of the place refide. 3. Of
the Amtfvorburg, which is the feat of the Amtfvorburger. 4. Of the Burgerfchaft,
and 5, Of the "Junkern of Vorburg without the town ; in which
laft the proprietors of manors have their
refidence.
2. Walfrode, a fmall town, feated on the Böhme, and containing a bailiwick-houfe,
together with the above defcribed convent, a liiperintendency,
and two hundred and thirty-nine taxable houfes. In the year 1383
this place was only a village, but at that time obtained the municipal jurifdidiion
5 and in 1450 Duke Friv/tvvV^' granted it a charter. In 1626
and 1757 it fufFered greatly by fires.
3. The Haujvogtey, to which belong three villages and one fingle farm.
At Donnerhorjl, in this Haufvogtey, is a manor.
4. The. Gericht or jurifdidion oi IVahling, to which belong fev en villages
; of thefe Kirch-TFahling is parochial.
5. The Gericht of Boitzen, containing thirteen villages, of which Kirchl>oitzen-\5
parochial.
6. The Gericht or jurifdidion of Cording, including fixteen villages.
IV. The Greaf-vogtej of the bailiwick of Zelle, with the twelve Amtswgieys
belonging to it, over which is appointed a Creat-'vogt, (in Latin,
Magnus

;
264 GERMANY. [Lüneburg- Zell.
Magnus ad'vocatus) who is generally a member of the privy-council. This
Great -"üogt receives his inftrudtions from the Sovereign alone, to whom
alio he immediately prefents the Amtfvogts and other oi^icers of thefe vogteys
; neverthelefs they are fworn in before the treafury, from which alfo
they receive their warrants ; but thefe run in the Sovereign's name. At the
fwearing of the Amtfvogts and other officers in thefe vogteys, they are dircdled
to pay all proper refpedl, conformity and obedience to the Great-
'vogt, in whatever he fliall enjoin them by virtue of his poiT: and duty.
When any new general ordinances are made relative to the revenue,
fuch ordinances, as far as they concern the bailiwick of Zell, are tranfmltted
in a refcript from the Sovereign to the Great-vogi, in order to be
made publick throughout the Amtjvogteys. He has likewife the care^of all
the financier farms throughout the bailiwick of Zell, fuch as mills, tents,
flieep-walks, &c. as alfo of the Sovereign's buildings in the feveral Amtfvogleys
; and by virtue of his own authority orders fuch repairs as do not
exceed one hundred rixdoUars. To him too is committed the chief infpeäion
of the forefts and mills belonging to the Sovereign ; and he is
further empowered to grant petitions in cafes relating to the revenue, when
they do not amount to forty rixdoUars, &c. This officer likewife receives
the accounts of the feveral Amtfvogts, and other accountable officers in the
bailiwick of Zell, and having figned them, tranfmits them to the treafury.
With refpeä: to jurifdiäion, the fubjeds in the Amtfvogteys are at liberty,
either to bring their complaints immediately to the Great-vogt for his decifion,
or to apply to the Amtfvogteys in which the defendent lives. In
the latter cafe the Amtfvogts take cognizance of the caufe, and after a verbal
hearing, either terminate it by compromife, or pronounce a juridical
decree. The Great-vogt is vefled with the power of examining the protocols
of the Amtfvogteys, and confirms or reverfes them as he thinks proper
but in caufes amounting to upwards of twenty Lübeck florins, an appeal
lies from the fentence of the Amtfvogts to the chancery or the high courts
of iuflice. With refpecl to criminal jurifdidion, the Great-vogt has no
concern in it, unlefs in matters relative to fmall oftences, which come
within the cognizance of the country courts. The Sovereign's officers at
Zell, blonging either to the court, flables, or venery, as well as the
Amtfvogts, have their firft: hearing before the Great-vogt. When this
officer is at any of the country courts held in the Amtjvogteys, he fits as
We now come to the defcription of the Amtjvogteys themfelves.
prefident.
I . The Biirgvogtey of Zell, lies on both fides of the river Aller, which
behind the new town oi Zell receives into it the Fubfe, and between Zell
and Lachtenbaifen is joined by the Lachte. The foil here is moftly fandy,
lieathy, and a turf moor, but in fome parts is much better, and even
fertile. To the burgvogtey belong
namely
The fuburbs without the town of Zcll^
Before

Luneburg-ZelJ.j GERMANY. 26.
Before the weft gate, the Neußadt or Ntw town, which is liandfomelv
the BuUcnberg, and the
built, thtAhen Hauler, the Neuc?2 Hniifcr, the Trift,
Hanoverßreet. Thefe fuburbs in all confift of three hundred and thirty-three
houfes; the moft remarkable edifices among which are, the houfe of correöion,
built and maintained at the charge of the feveral States of Lz/z/cburgj
Calenherg, Grubenhagen, Hoya, and Diepholz ; the Lutheran parifli-church
in the Neufladt, to which have been annexed a hundred of
Vi^e old and new houfes, as they are called ; the German hunting-feat,
and the Sovereign's ftables and park, in which are kept the (taliions for the
provincial Studs.
Without the 0/J- Zt-// gate is the Kreis or ring, with the Blumlcige and
the Majch, all which confift of about two hundred and thirty-five houfes.
In this part lies the Bhanlagcr parilb-church, with the Hotel des Invalides,
dedicated to Saint William, -and founded by Duke George William, but
which has been liberally endowed by Baron Stechinelli, Landdrojl or Lordlieutenant
of the country ; alfo St. George 's, hofpital, of which the magiftracy
of Zell have the adminiftration ; the King's F/Y;7f/>garden, which
is planted with delightful rows of lime trees ; and anotiier lefler garden
called the King's Italian-ga.rden.
Without the Hehlen gate lie the gardens, with their houfes and other dwellings,
amounting in all to one hundred and eighty-eight. In this part alfo
ftands the alms-houfe o( St. Ann, which is under the direftion of the magiftrates
of Zell, and the church belonging to which ferves likewife for the
garrifon ; the crphan-houfe, built in 1757, and the diredors of which are
two court-counfcllors, with the general fuperirtendant, the burgher-mafters,
the fecretary of the chancery, and town clerk, exclufive of two purveyors,
who are recommended by the magiftracy ; and laftly a chapel, near the
burial-place, for the burghers and foldiery.
We/ler-Zell, a village, incorporated vi'ith the town church of Zell.
Alten-Zell, a parochial-villnge, lying within one long German mile's
diftance from the town of Zell.
Great-Hehlen, a parochial-village, lying within one fliort quarter of a
German mile from the town.
Jagerey o:Venery, a finglefree feat, lying between Hußedt and Scheuen, with
Sixteen other villao-es.
O
2. The Amtfvogtey of Eicklingen, fituated on the rivers Aller, Ocker and
Fuhje. Thi's yhntjvogtey is about three German miles in length, and one
and a half broad. Its foil is in moft parts fandy, but in others marfliy.
The country therefore not admitting of much tillage, the inhabitants induftrioufiy
apply themfelves to grafery, the fpinning of thread, and water
carriage. The bailiwick contains
Wienhaufen, a parochial-village, fituated on the Aller, which at this
place divides itfelf into two branches, one of which running weftward,
Vol. VI. M m and

:66 G E R M A N r. [Luneburg-Zdl.
and the other through the village, about a hundred paces below it, they
both unite again. At this place is a feat, with a garden, belonging to the
Sovereign; as alfo ^ Prohjieyhof, appertaining to the fame proprietor} tooether
with the above defcribed convent.
Great-Eickli?igen, a village, in which is the bailiwick-houfe.
Nicfihagen, a parochial-village, containing a manor.
fViihtHtigen, a parochial-village, having two manors, under the fame
proprietor with
the jurifdiction.
Brockel, a parochial-village, with a {lone caufeway of a confiderable
length, along which lies the high road from Zell to Brunfwick : accordingly
toll and road money is paid here.
Langlingen, a parochial-village, containing two manors, and lying on
the river yiller.
•
Milden an der Aller, a parochial-village, near which is the manor of
Dieckhorjl ;
together with
Sixteen other villages, and a hunting feat belonging to the Prince, at
which toll and road money is paid.
3. The Amtfvogtey of Ilten, which is two German miles in length, and
one broad, being in moft parts fruitful. This diftridi: from time immemorial
has been called Im Freyen, and agreeably thereto the inhabitants
ftile themfelves the Freyen or Free. They are poffefled in conjundion
with their dwellings, either of hereditary or fief land, or elfe hold
other lands as tenants ; and are exempt from the ufual fervices to their
Lords, being inverted likewife with the privilege of hunting within the
dependencies of their village; and may alfo brew and diftil. In the
whole Amtfvogtey are fourteen villages. Of thefe Flten, Sebnde, Lehrte,
Rethmar, in which is a manor, Heimar and Harber, are parochial.
4. The Amtfvogtey o( Burgivedel, which appears formerly to have been
a county of itfelf. This Amt/vogtey contains
Great-Burgicedel, a parochial-village, having a bailiwick-houfe and a
manor.
E?2gefen, a village, in which is a poft-houfe.
Jfenhagen, a parochial-village, about one German mile in length, and
which is divided into four Baiierjchafts, namely the Farjle, the Kircherbauerjchaft,
the Niederrihagen, and the Hobchorß.
Weimar and Kircbhorß, both parochial-villages, with others.
5. The Arntjvogtcy of Biffcndorf, lying on the Wietze, by which it is
feparated from the preceding Atntjvogtey. This diftrift is about one Ger-
}iwn mile and a half in length, and one and a quarter broad. In fome
parts it is hilly, and the foil fandy and ftony ; but in others moorifh and
lull of fwamps. The inhabitants carry on a confiderable trade in horfes,
horned cattle, fatted hogs, and buckwheat flour ; and likewife diftil brandy.
Tiiey have alfo honey, wax and wool. In this Amtfvogtey are twenty-
3
four

Liinebiirg-ZelL] GERMANY, 26:
four villages, of which Biß'endorJ\ containing the bailiwick-hcufe, Md-
Jcmhrfy Brehlitigcij, and Abbciißn, arc all parochial. At the villafre of
Jckhorji is a toll-olHje called Schlafe.
6. The Amtfvogicy of EJJcl, lying on the Aller, Two villages of this
Amffvogtey arc likewife watered by the Leine. The whole diibidl; is one
Gennan mile in length, and as much in breadth. Its foil is principally fandy„
with fome moor land intermixed, but very little clay ground. All it produces
is rye, oats, and buckwheat j and it is only along the Leine that
there is any good pafturage, which occafjons the grafery here to be very
inconfidcrable. To the ^iwffjDgtey belong eleven villages, among which is
Effel, with the parochial-village of Schwarmftedt, containing five manors,
znd Bothnjer, in which the noble family oi Botbmer are poffefTed of three
m.mors, a church, and a particular minifter of their own.
7. The Aintjvcgtey of Wiiifm an der Aller, being two German miles in
length, and one and a half broad. The foil of this diftridl is heath and
fand ; and its principal produds rye and buckwheat, with a fufficiency
however of wool, honey and v.'ax. To the Amffbogtey belong eighteen
villages, together with two fingle manors, one fingle farm, and a hunting
feat. In the parochial village oi Winfen an der Aller lies the bailiwick-
Jioufe, and a manor. Near this place, in 1388, \}ciQ Saxom and burghers
of Lüneburg were defeated by the Dukes Frederick and Henry. They
kept pofleflion however of the village, where the Limeburghers in 1389 built a
caftle, which the Dukes in 1396 burnt down. At Wolthaiif'en, on the
river Oerze, is Tijahnon-lake, belonging to the Sovereign.
8. Th^ Amffvogiey oi Fallinghoßel, fituated in the Heidfnark, on the river
Bobnie, and being very mountainous. The foil of this Amff'-jcgtey is ftony,
fandy and moorhh, with feveral heaths. The inhabitants have neither a
fufficiency of corn for themfelves, nor hay for their cattle, for which reafon
they are in a great meafure fupplied from the neighbouring bailiwick
oi Abiden. On the other hand they have plenty of oak, beech, pine, and
fir, and therefore trade in thofe woods ; as alfo in wool, honey, wax,
cattle, buckwheat, and juniper-berries. In the Amtfvogtey are thirty villages,
to which on account of the great number of lingle farms in it, belong
ninety-four places, which are diUinguiflied by particular names. The
moil remarkable of thele are the following : viz.
Fallingboßel, the feat oi tht Amtjvgtey, and containing a parifli-church.
Between Sudhojiel, in the Bauerfibaft oi Oberndorfmark^ and Lobe, in the
Amtfvogtey of Bergen, on a imall eminence, ftand the feven Steijthaufer,
coniilling of large unhewn rugged pebbles, covered with a lart^e flat
flone, each of which was once from nine to twelve feet fquare, and five
M m 2
or iiyi feet high. Six of them are now fallen down, but one is yet ftanding
and enire. Thele flones are reniains of Pagan antiquity.
Dorfmark, once fortified, and a town, and having ftill a parochial-
with two manors.
c'hurch,
Oßer-

268 GERMANY. [Luneburg-Zell.
Oßerholz, and Dufljoni, in the latter of which was a medical fpring; together
with Meinerdingen,- are all parochial.
The Bauerfchaft of Vorbrucke, is a fuburb of the town of Wcilfrode.
The manor of Wenfe, in the parifli of Dcrfmark, originally gave name
to the family of Wenfe.
9. The Amtjvcgtey of Soltaa, in which lies the fource of the Böhme.
This Amtjvogtey is two German miles and a half in length, but only two
fmall ones broad. Its foil is almofl: every where over-run with fern, and
therefore produces not a fufnciency of grain for the inhabitants j but they
carry on a trade in cattle, wool, wax, deals, laths, and wooden fpoons,
bark loads of which are exported to Bremen and Hamburg ; and to thofe
cities alfo Soltau fends canvas. In this Amtfuogtey likewife are fome
turf moor. The forefl oi Stubeckß:or?icr has been greatly hurt, but is at
prefent replanting with great diligence. To the Amtfoogtey belongs one
fmal! town, with twenty-one villages, and twenty-two fingle farms,
namely
Soltau, a fmall town, feated at the conflux of the Böhme and Soltau,
and containing one hundred and thirty-two houfes, with a magiflracy,
though dependent on the prefeft. The whole bailiwick is incorporated
with this pariOi. The greateft part of its inhabitants are clothiers, who
make bays, plufh, lind fey- woolfey, and a ftufF called kleine jeetuch. Near
this place in 151 9 was fought a very fignal battle, between Erich Duke
of Calenberg and Henry Duke of Wolfcnbttttel, on the one fide, and Henry
Duke of Lüneburg, and John the Turbulent, bifhop of Hildeßmm, on
the other.
Stubechhorn, or Stipshorn, a free SattelhoJ, which, in 1699, was endowed
with a charter by Duke George William, out of an opinion of its
being the original patrimony of Hermann Duke of Saxony, ion to Count
Billing.
10. The Amtfoogtey o( Bergen, containing twenty-four places, the mofl:
remarkable of which are
Bergen a parochial-village, in the records of the Duke and Pfalzgrave
Henry, bearing date in 1203, touching the inheritance of his brother William^
reckoned among the cities. It alfo contains a manor-houfe.
Witzendorf, a parochial-village, fituated on the Witze, with a pofl:-
houfe in it, and three manor-houfes.
The parochial-villages of Holme and Sulze.
Ever/en, a village with two manors.
11. The Amtfvogiey of Hermansburg, lying on the Oerze, which after
running near Hermambiirg, is increafed by the Witze, the Brunnu and
the Wferbach, and becomes navigable to fmall floats. The foil here confifts
of heath, tillage and grafery, yet does not afford the inhabitants a fubfiflance ;
but this is in fome meafure compenfated by its pines and firs, whereby they
are

Luneburg-Zell.] GERMANY, 269
are enabled to carry on a very profitable trade in timber, particularly in
deals. Sheep alfo and bees are bred here. In the ylmtfcogtey are feven
Bauerfchajh. Hermanniburg, a place known fo early as the year 1058,
being the feat of the bailiwick, and containing three manors, together with
Muden an der Oerze, are both parochial.
12. The Amtfaogtey of Beedenbojiel, being three German miles and a
half in length, and three broad : Its foil heath and moor. The inhabitants,
on account of the deficiency of tillage here apply themfelves chiefly
to graferv, the breeding of (heep and bees, but trade likewiie in wool, honey
and wax. The Lachte which comes from the bailiwick of Gijloni in
this Amtfvogtey receives the Liitter and Ajchau. We meet here with
thirty-one villages and three farms. The moft remarkable of which are
Beedenboßel,
Efche,
Weihaufen,
a parochial-village containing the bailiwick-houfe.
a parochial-village.
a village having a hunting'feat built by Duke Cbrißian Lewis.
Eldingen, a parochial-village with three manors in it, belonging to the
family of Wenfe, who are alfo pofTefled of certain manors in the villages of
Bargfeld and JVohlenrcde, that is to fay of one in each.
Hohnhorß^ a village containing two manors belonging to the Hühnhorß
family.
V. The following jurifdidions belonging to nobles, njiz.
i.Garto, lying on the Llbe and formerly belonging to the family of
Garto, by whom it was transferred to the houfe of Schulenburg, as it was
alfo by the latter, though with the Duke of Law^^/^r^'s confent, in 1360
to the order of St. Jobi, who were in polTelfion of it fo lately as in the
year 1428. From them it came to the families of Jago, Wenkt/lern, Bu'o
and Schacht, who were fucceeded therein by the Barons of BernßcrJ] in
whofe poflefTion it ftill continues. Exclufive of the town of Garto this
jurifdidion includes hkewife feveral villages, in the bailiwick of Lucho, as
namely Little-Brefe, Carfo, Crautze, Gadelitz, Gorleben, Marleben, Nehnnitz,
Tobringen,
Greai-Trebel and Volzendorf.
2. Brome, fituated on the Obre, and containing under it a pnrt of the
marfliey forefl of Dromling. This jurifdidion is mentioned fo early as the
year 1203, in a record of the Duke and Pfalzgrave Henry, relative to the inheritance
of his brother William. Towards the beginning of the thirteenth
century it belonged to a pcrfon of the name of Karo, in v/hofe time
Albert ArchbilLop of Magdeburg, that ia to fay in the year 1
209,
deftroyed the caftle qv Brome. The owner of it was afterwards of the fame
name, and from him it came to the Knefebeck family. Towards the clofeof
the iixteenth century it devolved to the Barons of Bartenf.cbcn. Gebhard
Werner oi Bartenßeben dying in 1742, it came with Anne Catharine Adelheida
of Bartenßeben, confort to Aiklphus Frederick Count Schidenburg, to
the houfe of Schulenburg of the Wolfsburg line. The places belonging
to it are Brome,.

70 GERMANY. [Grubcnhagcn.
Brome, a fmall town lying on the Ohre, and containing a nobleman's
feat. In the above-mentioned record of 1203 this place is called a city.
The villages of Altendorf, Baiitz, Croje, Ehray LeJ'zin, Voize^ Wißuedel
and Zicherie.
3. The jurifdifllon of the Weyen family which borders on the preceding,
and is compofed of FahrcnhorH^ and the village of Tub, with a fawing
mill. The inhabitants of Tulo are pofielled of a part of 'Dromling.
4. The jiirirdiäion of Wabtlingen, fitnated in the above-mentioned
parochial-village of //-Wj/Z/V/^cw, in the Amtjvogtcy o^ Eicklifigeii, and which
on the extindtion of the Dagtjorde family came to the houfe oi Lüneburg.
The Principality
^Grubenhagen.
§. I. A delineation of this principality, is to be found in the maps of
-^ the dutchy of Briinj'wick, but this befides its fmallnefs is very
imperfe.fl. Of the Har% foreft as far as it belongs to this principality,
and as it is alfo jointly poffelled by the Eledor of Bnmfiüick, and the
Princes of Bruiifivick-Luneburg, Homamis heirs have engraved a tolerable
map, which in the Atlas of Germany conftitutes the one hundred and
fixteenth.
§. 2. The principality oiGnihenhr.gen is furrounded by thofe of Calenberg
and Wolfcnbiittel, the county of Wernigerode, the principality oi Blankenburg,
the county of Hohißein^ the lordHiip of Klettenberg and Eichsfelde, and one
dtftinft part of it is on all fides environed by the principalities oi Calenbei-g
and Wolfaikittel, and a part of the diocefe of Kildeß^cim.
§. 3. In the bailiwicks oi Rotenkirchen, Salz der Helden, Catknbiirg, and
Radolfßiäiifen, are fome fertile trafts producing, wheat, rye, barley, oats,
peas, beans and buckwheat ; but the greateft part of this principality being
mountainous, and little corn growing in the lands bordering on the Harz,
and none at all on the Harz itfelf, agriculture is fo far from being the principal
way of life purfucd here, that it (lands in need of a fupply of corn frotn
other countries, particularly the bailiwick of Scharzfcls and the Harz.
Moft of the bailiwicks however grow great quantities of flax, and this
with the manufafturing of it into thread and linen, is among the principal
occupations of the inhabitants. In fome bailiwicks the breeding of horned
cuttle and llieep turns to a pretty good account, but its principal advantages
and profits arife from the large forefls, quarries and mines in it. Thefe
forells confift of oak, beech, pines, birch and alder : its minerals and fofliJs
are moflly Hate, lime, ftone, marble, gypfum, alabafter, certain fpecies
ofjafper, fand-ftone, lalt, zink, fulphur and cobalt. Its metals are fome
gold, with a great deal of filver, copper, iron and lead. The Harz (in
Latin

Grubenhagen.] GERMANY. 271
Latin Silva Hercxnia) in ami on which mod of tliefe minerals are to be
found, and fome part of which alfo belongs to this principality, is a mountain
or foreft extending from the bailiwick, of Lan^eljheim, in the principality
of Woljenbiittel and the country of Go/^Azr, through the eaft part of the
principality of Gmbcnbagen, a part of the county of IVernigerode and the
principality of Blankenburg, to the counties of Hohnjhin and Stollbcrg as far
as Harzgerode in the principality of Anbnlt, being in length about twelve
German miles, and in breadth four or five. In the county of IVernigerode,
in which lies the higheft of all its mountains, namely the Brocken,
the Harz is divided into the Upper and Under. But this divifion is not to
be confounded with another and like divifion of that part of the Harz,
which belongs to the elccT:oral houfe of Brunjwick, and of which a mort^
precife account may be found in the fequel. The rivers running through
the principality oF Grubenbagcn, are the Leine, which in this principality
receives the lime, the Ruhme which comes from Ricksfelde, the Oder which has
its fource in the foreft oi Harz near Catlenbiirg, and is increafed by the Sieler,
after which between'^i^frZr and Elverjhanfen, it receives the Sofe, which aUu
ilTuesfrom \hcHarz, and then enters the Leine below Ncrdkeim
-,
together
with the Ocker, which rifes not far from Altenau.
§. 4. In this principality are two Kanzleyi, i. e. cities enjoying both civil
and criminal jurifdidtion, and conftituting a part of the States of the county,
together with three mine towns on the Harz, the conftitutlon of which
fliall be more particularly mentioned in the article of Harz, another mine
city belonging to the bailiwick in which it lies, and three towns. To thtfe muft
be added four mine cities on that part of the Upper Harz which the houfe of
Grubenhagen poflelles'in common with the Princes of Brunfuick, and wliich
are under the Common mine bailiwick at Cellerjelde. Tne States of the
country are compofed of the abbey of Saint Alexander and that of the blejjed
Virgin at Einbeck, with the nobility, who are'fummoned to the Diets from
nine manors, and the cities of Einbeck and Oßerode. At the Diets which
are ufually held once a year in autumn, but at prefent alternately at
Einbeck and Oßerode, the feniors of the two abbies, with two deputies of
the nobility, and the like number from the cities affift. The provincial
fyndic makes the overtures, the deputies deliver their votes on the fubjedts
propofed, and the former then drawing up the protocol, the deputies take
a copy of it. In this principality are no provincial and tax-coun!ellors.
§. 5. Lidheranifm is the only religion exercifed here. The fortyone
paridi churches in it excluiive of thofe in Einbeck and Oßerode, are
ranged under four fuperintendantb. The minifters in the cities of Einbeck
and Oßerode, inftead of being fubordinate to any of thefe fuperintendencies,
have feniors of their own, vvho aCl here in quality of country-fuperintendant.
The chief grainmar-fchools in the principality are at Einbeck,
Oßerode and Claußhal,
§. 6. The

272 GERMANY. [Grubenhagen.
§. 6. The above-mentioned places carry on alfo feveral good manufadures.
At Einbeck is made, c'oth, flannel, bays, flialioons, ferge, crape, calimancoe,
druggets, dimity, and other flufrs, and at its orphan-houfe is a printing
houfe fur the flaining of cotton. 0//t'ro^/? is like wife noted for its fine woollen
cloths, which are wove after the Berliji and ILngUjh manner. The wooll
for this manufafture comes from a particular fpin-houfe at the Herzberg,
which houfe was there founded by Mr. Nanne the prcfedl, purely out of
public fpirited views. Other places fpin great quantities of flax-thread,
which is alfo wove by them into linen. At Lucas houfe too in the bailiwick
of Elbijigerode is a marble mill for the making of veffels, and all
other kinds of performances in that way. On the Harz are iron and
copper works, together with one for fire arms at Harzberg, and a manufadfory
of powder-blue at Saint Andreasberg, as alfo works of vitriol,
fulphur and Lapis calaminaris.
The exports of this country are flax, thread, linen, timber, deal, fandflone,
flate, marble-works, ironj copper, lead, fait, vitriol, fulphur,
Lapis calaminaris, zink, powder-blue, llarch, all kinds of woollen manufadlures,
and fatted
flieep.
§. 7. This land become a part of the principality of Brunjwick, and a
particular principality of itfelf on the affignment of it to Henry the Admirable,
fon of Duke Albert the Great, whofe male defcendants failed in 1596.
The principal revolution of this principality are briefly related in the
general account given above of the eledoral houfe of Bruiifxoick-Luneturg,
and the hiftory of its particular departments will occur in the fequel.
§. 8. This principality entitles to a particular vote in the college of
Princes at the Diet of the Empire, as alfo in the circle of Loiver Saxony.
Its afTeffment in the matricula of the Empire is five horfe or fixty florins.
§. 9. Appeals from the magiftrates of the cities of Einbeck and Oßerode,
and the fovereign's bailiwicks may only be carried to the chancery at
Hamver, and not to the jufticiary court there. The principality itfelf fends
one counfellor to the high court of appeals at
Zell.
§. 10. The immediate revenues of the fovereign arife from the demefne
bailiwicks and the regalia. The country, the Harz only excepted, pays
the licent and furnifhes magazine corn. The licent was introduced here
in 1686, inftead of the contribution, but produces more^ and at prefent the
furplus at the annual adjufting of the accounts, is delivered to the States of
the country. This furplus, with fome fmall fums arifing from other incomes,
defravs the exoenfes of the community, fuch as the iailerics of its
officers, and the counfellor at the high court of appeal at Zell, The contribution
levied towards the fupport of the houfe of corredf ion at Zell and
other charges. The Scbeff'elfchafz or meafure tax, which alfo is paid into
the provincial fund, is at prefent fo fmall that it fcarcely deferves
notice.
§. II. We

Grubenhagen.] GERMANY. 273
§.
1 1 .We fliall firfl: defcribe ihtKmzleyfafzig (owns, next the demefnebailiwicks,
afterwards the jurifdidion, and hilUygive an account oiih^Harz ibreft,
I. The Kanzk\'ßijzig towns are,
Einbeck,
in ancient afilgnments and writings (liled Embike, the capital of
the principality, lying on the Ihne, one branch of which runs through the
town and the other above it. Both however meet again at the little almshoufe,
and at the diftance of one tenth of a German mile run into the
Leine. The Krumme Waffer^ as it is called, which coming from the Brunft
wick-JVolfenbutfel bailiwick of Grcne, after filling the greater part of the
town moats and refervoirs, is conveyed into the liwe. The town of
Einbeck^ exclufive of ramparts, bulwarks and towers, is lurther furrounded
with moats and feveral outworks, and contains about kvtn hundred and
fifty-four houfes, belonging to citizens feventy-feven public edifices, and
others not fubjedl to the common imports, with eight hundred and fourteen
granaries, ftablcs and other out-houfes. At the Grubenkagen Diet which is
held alternately here and at Oßercde, Einbeck takes prefidence and furnidies
one fifth part of the magazine-corn levied on the principality. Its magiftrates
aie poffefled of the whole high and low jurifdidion over the cities (the precinit
of St. Alexanders abbey, of which we fhall fpeak hereafter, excepted)
within the fortifications and outworks, though with refpedl to the lower
jurifdidion within all the city-marches, they have had feveral procefies with
the bailiwicks of Salz der beiden and Poienkircben, which procefies flill remain
undecided. The city itfelf is divided into three pariflaes, which are called
the Markt, the Ncnjiadt and the Munßer. In the two firfl are parochial
churches, but the laft has been incorporated with the cathedral of St.
Alexander, of which more anon. The fuperintendent here has the infpection
over the country clergy," and is alfo one of the city ecclefiaflics,
the fenior of whom ads as a rural fuperintendent. The grammar fchool
belonging to the corporation, and lying not far from the church of the Neiißadt,
has feven mafters. The orphan-houfe in which forty or forty-five
children are educated, is under the immediate diredion of the royal regency,
and not of the magiflracy, and is alfo maintained out of the
provincial revenues, whereas the hofpital of the Holy-Ghoß, and the great
poor-houfe of St. Barihokmew belong to the city. Befides thefc, there is
alfo the lefler poor-houfe here, which is under the adminiftration of the
company of traders. The manufadures of Einbeck have been fpecified above
(§. 6.) The cathedral of St. Alexandcr\N2& founded by Thierry CownXoi Catlenburg.
It confifbs of a fenior and nine canons, with one vicar and four
'vicarii ordinarii. It has likewife a church of its own, and forms one
of the States of the principality of Gruhenhagen. The building which
ferved for the abbey of the Blcjed Firgin, formerly ftood without
Einbeck, but at prefent is no longer in being. The incomes annexed to it are
enjoyed by one fenior and nine canons, and it is likewife one of the States.
Vol. VI. N n Einbeck

2 74
GERMANY. [Gruhenhagcii.
Einkck owes its origin to the cathedral of St. Alexandtr. On the failure
of the Counts of Cailcnburg it was immediately united with the Dutchy on
the IVeßr, and together with the inheritance of Nordheim divolved to the
houfe of Welpho. On the partition made in 1203 at the deceafe of Duke
Henry the Lion, it came to his elded: fon the Duke and Pfalzgrave Henry,
and though on Heniy the Lio?is being put under the ban of the
Empire, the Counts of Dajfel endeavoured to poflefs themfelves of it,
vet they did not abfolutely attain their ends. For in 1274 the Counts
Ludolphiis and AdoJphus exprefly renounced all pretenfions to this place,
which was a town fo early as the year 1256. In 1447 however by means
of its quarrel with William Duke of Briinjwick, it was reduced to the very
brink of ruin, but faved itfelf by a convention. Formerly it coined money
in gold, filver and copper, and the table of the incomes of the copper money
made here, is flill conftanlly obferved in the treafury accounts, but for a
long time pafl it has not coined any PJhinige, as being of no advantage to
it. In 1540 it was entirely burnt down, and in 1549 one half of it fuffered
by the like calamiiy. In 1641 the Impcriliajls beficging it, it was
by a fevere bombardment compelled to furrender.
The old land works here, which inclofe near one half of the city
Grounds, and arc fortifred by eight towers in the ancient tafte, are 6000 rods
in circuit, and co;nprehend a great part of the foreil: as belonging to
the city. Northward about one tenth part of a German mile from the
town lies a pretty large mountain called the Hueff'e.
Oßerode^ a town fituated not far from tiie Harz, into which the little
river Apenke, which runs through the city, difcharges itfelf. This place is
divided into the old and new town, and confifts of five hundred and
eighty-two houfes, with a caftle, wherein feveral Dukes of Brunfwick
and himeburg, as likewife the regency of the principality of Gr/^/'^wZ'ö^f« have
refided, but at prefent this caftle is the feat of the bailiwick of Oßerode^
In the town is a fuperintendency, with three parifh-churches, and a Latin
fchool, as alfo a granery erected between the years 1718 ar;d 1723, at
upwards of 30,000 rixdollars expenfe, for the ule of the miners and other
labourers on the Bninfioick part of the Harz, and from whence they are
always fupphcd with rye at fixteen grofchen the bufhel, however higli
tiie market price may be. The manufaflures of Oßerode have been taken
notice of in the introduftion, (§. 6.) In 1545 by far the grcateft part of
this town was deftroyed by fire. The noble family of OJkrode, by fome
writers erroneoufly (tiled Dynafla, have been long fince extindt.
II. The demefne bailiwicks : "ciz.
I. The bailiwick

Grubenhagen.] GERMANY, 275
The villages here are divided into the hehie and mountain villages. The
fituation ol' the former of thefe is the befl:, as being in a loamy and not unfruitful
foil on the plain, whereas the latter are fituated among or on
mountains and in a foil either fandy or ftony. This bailiwick produces
more fummer than winter grain, together with buckwheat and flax in
pretty large quantities, by the latter of which the inhabitants are enabled to
carry on a very profitable thread and linen trade. It enjoys alfo a fufficiency
of wood for fuel, but for want of pafture its grafery does not exceed
the necellities of the inhabitants. The above-mentioned mountain of the
Hueff'e, which lies near the town of Einbeck, is a great inconveniency to
the common poft-road from Hanover to R'mheck. Agreeable to the aforefaid
divifion of the villages, in this bailiwick are
1. Ten mountain villages, of -which. DaffenJen, Hullerfen and Avenßjaufcn
are parochial. In the village of Wcllerjen are two manfion-houfes,
one belonging to the Dajen family, who are pofleffed of the advowfon of
the village; and the other, of which the Polhnans are proprietors, entitles to
a feat in the Diet. The village and eflate of Kiroendahl belongs to the
family of Berkefeld.
The bailiwick-houfe of Rotenkirclyen lies near Dajfenfen. About a quarter
of an hour's diftance from this houfe is a hill called Grubenhagen, on
which anciently flood
The caftle of Griibenhagcn, whence the principality derives its name.
Some ftately remains of this caftle are ftill to be feen. It belonged to the
noble family oi Gruben, which was in being in 138 i, but in the thirteenth
century was reaflumed with its appurtenances, by the Lord paramount,
as an elcheated fief, and has fince been enjoyed by various pofTeflbrs.
2. Seven Leine villages, among which Odagj'en, Iber and Stockheim are
parochial.
2. The bailiwick of Salz der Heide?! lies on the Leit2e, by the inunda-.
dations of which its produdfs are frequently damaged. In dry years
however, the foil here produces good grain and potatoes, and it has likewife
rich partures. Lii;en weaving is one of the principal occupations of
its inhabitants. To this bailiwick belongs
Sa!z der Helden, a town fituated on the Leine, and containing the
bailiwick-houfe, with an old caftle,
eleftoral trealury.
a manor and a falt-work farmed by the
In the year 1623 ^^'^ place was wholly del^royed by fire,
Sulbeck, a village, in which the fovereign is pofTefTed of very conftderable
fait- works.
Negenkrn, a parochial-village, together with four others.
The bailiwick of Catlenbiirg is about one German mile in lengtli and
the fame in breadth. The Ruhjne which comes out oi EichJ'/'elde, at Catlenburg
is joined by the brook of Catel, and the little river Oder, and between
Berke and Elverjhaufen receives the Sofe. The Lang faß, in which tlie
N n 2 Calel

276 GERMANY. [Giubcnliagen.
Catel has its fource, is a ridge of hills feparating this bailiwick from the juliididion
of Hardenbergs the higheft of which is diflinguillied by the
name of Stsllcn. The foil here is for the moft part a mixture of loam,
earth and fand. The corn lands lie chiefly along the hills, yet are tolerably
fertile, and produce rye, oats, peas and a little barley. A great deal of flax
likewife grows here. The paftures, of which here are no want, yield a
very good hay, though not in great plenty ; and the bailiwick enjoys alfo
a fufficiency of wood. Its gralery, particularly the breeding of (lieep, is
confiderable. The inhabitants manuladlure the greatefl part of the flax into
linen. Anciently this bailiv^ ick was a county of itfelf, under its own peculiar
Counts, who derived their title from hence. Count Thierry, who
married Gerlriide daughter to Egbert Marggrave of Mejhici, founded the
abbey of St. Alexander at Einbeck, and his Ion, of the lame name but the
lafr of the family, in the iirfl: year of the twelfth century converted his
caftle of Catlenburg into an Augußine nunnery, and endowed it with the
village of JValtbrechtJl:aiijen or JVolbrechfJhauJen with its dependencies. On the
death of this Count the coux^^y oiCatlenburg fell to Richenzad2i\yg\\\.€vXo Henry
the Fat, Count o^ Nordbeivt, by whom, together with the patronage of the
convent of Catlenburg, it came to her confort the Emperor Lotbarius, but the
Princels Gertrude brought it to her fpoufe Duke Henty the Magnanimous,
and thus it came to,the houfe of IVelpho. In 1532 on the introduction,
of the Reformation into the principality of Griibenhagen, the convent of
Catlenburg was fequelf rated, and in 1558 Duke Philip chofe it for his
relidence. Afterwards however it became the bailiwick-houfe and was demolilhed
in 1626, but again rebuilt. To this bailiwick belongs
Catlenburg, the bailiwick feat, {landing on an eminence on the Ruhme^
which at this place is increafcd by the Catel, from whence the ancient
caftle here feems to have received its name ; as alfo by the river Oder,
Its hiftory has been related
above.
Duhm, a parochial-village lying direöly beneath the bailiwick-houfe, and
fo called from the Dane or minifer of St. Alexander, now at Einbeck, but
originally founded here.
TFachenhazifen, a village.
Gillerjhcim or Gilderjhein, a parochial-village conflfling of one hundred
and one houfes, with the Mark of the village of JVolbrecbtß.aufen, which
being deftroyed its inhabirants are fettled at Gillerß:eim.
Suterode, a village, where formerly flood a caflle in a morafs, and which
with the village, on the failure of the Scfe family, came to the V/hirs, and
from them to the Recks, who in 1453 ^°'^ ^^ ^° ^^^^ convent of Catlenburg.
This convent being dilpoliefTed of the caftle and village, a long quarrel
enl'ued thereupon, which was not fully accommodated till the year J 522,
Vv-hen the convent was confirmed in the poÜefüon of it.
Bejkc,
a parcchial-village.
4. The

Grubenhagen.] GERMANY. 277
4. The bailiwick of Oßerodc, as bordering on the Harz, produces
little grain, but reaps great advantages from its numerous breeds of Oieep,
which are much valued both for thegoodnefs of their wool] and mutton, the
latterofwhich is noted for its fatnefs and delicious tafle. The Buttcrberg, as it is
called, at the foot of whicli lies the Freyhcit or Liberty, abounds in copper oar j
and the Bufch oppofne to it yields a rich iron. Behind the villages of PeYt^r-
Jhiitte and Katzenjlcin are large rocks, the flones of which being burnt and
pulverized make a beautiful gyplum. Near them alfo lies a quarry of good
alabafter, and the mineral fpring of Mitlingeroder, fituated one hour's
diftancc from the town of Oßcrode, at the foot of a hill, is of fuch repute for
its virtues, and withal fo pleaftnt, that the water of it is exported to feveral
parts. The bailiwick-houie lies in the town ot Ojlerode, but the bailiwiuk*
itfelf includes alfo the following villages, namely
having an eftate, which entitles to a feat
The Fryheii or Liberty, a village,
in the Diet, and belongs to the Hugo foniily. In this village alfo is a
copper flatting mill. At Fnyljeit likewife are ftill feen the remains of an
ancient Burg, which is fuppoi'ed to have been the feat of the noble
family of Ojierode.
The villages of Lcfzjelde, Feterßmtte and Katzenßein.
The parochial villages of Eisdorf und Nienßedt.
Forße, a village having two eflates, which entitles to a feat in the Diet.
One of thefe eftates belongs to the Olderßoaiifens, the other to the mine
fund at Claußlml.
8. The bailiwick of Harzberg, likewife bordering on Flarz, whence
accordingly in many parts it is hilly and ftoney. Belonging to this bailiwick
is
a large wood on the Rotenberge, which lies on the borders oi' Sc/nvarzburg,
Sonderßjaufen and Eichsfelde. The principal employment of its inhabitants
is agriculture, grafery, and the culture of flax, which laft enable them to
carry on a trade in thread and linen. In it is
Herzberg, in ancient records ftiled Hirzesberche or Hertesbcrge, a large
town fituated on the Sieher, with a fine manufacture of arms belonging
to the fovereign, and other iron-works. The produäs of thefe are exported
in large quantities. Here are likewife numbers of linen looms, with a
farm of the fovereign's. On an eminence alfo above the town ftands a
caftle, in exchange for which Duke Henry the Lion in ii 57, gave away
all the eftates in Sioabia belonging to his fpoufe dementia, to the Emperor
Frederick the Firß. On the partition made between his fens, this caftle
came to the Emperor Otho IV. and from the time of Duke Henry the Admirable
was the moft ufual place of refidence of the Dukes of Grnbenhagen.
Anne abbefs of ^ledlinburg inferted this houfe in the feudal patent, which
in 1563 fhe gave to Duke Ernefi of Grubenhagen, and in 1575 to his
brother Wolfgang and Philip, but the Emperor Rudolph II. afterwards
adjudged it to be a fief of the Empire, and not annexed to any ecclcfiaftic
foundation.

278 GERMANY. [Grubenliagcn.
füundaiion. At prefcnt it is only the feat of the bailiwick. Round the
place are feveral pits, among which the 'Jujz and Ochjenpftibl are the mod
remarkable, as being continually full of water, and containing fiHi. 1 he
outlet of the latter runs into the foot of the hill, on which the caflle ftands,
but where this water flops is not known.
ScharzfcM, a parochial-village, fuuated on the Oder, a little above one
quarter of
a German mile iVom Scharzjeh hoiife.
Pohle, in ancient records ftiled Palitki, Polede, Poc'ede, 6cc. a parochialvillage,
lying on this fide of the Rotenberg, and containing a farm belonging
to the Sovereign, which was formerly a convent of Prctmonßrateii/ian
Monks, but originally oi Benedicliiics, founded in 952, by the Emperor
Otbo I. on the Imperial eflate oi Palithi.
Wollerjhaujen or Wolderjbaufen^ a parochial-village, fituated on the Ruhme,
on the other fide of the Rotenherg. The Mlnnlgerode are poffcfTed of an
crtate at this place, which entitles to a feat in the Diet.
Hattorf, a parochial-village, fituated where'lhe Oder falls into the Sicher.
In the neighbourhood of this place lies the beft land in the whole bai^
liwick, together with a farm belonging to the Sovereign.
Wuljtcn, a parochial- village, fituated on the lake of Stein^ which is
formed by the jundion of the rivers Oder and Sieber.
Dorßcy a parochial-village, containing an eftate, which entitles to a feat
in the Diet, and belongs to the family of Hedemann.
Schwiegerß^aufen, a parochial-village. About one hour's diflance from
tliis place lies
Dima, a farm belonging to the Sovereign, on a hill near which, by
fome called Beber, but by others Kaßners Kopf, were found, in 1751, in a
marl pit there, certain large bones of beafls, which Profellbr Hollman has
given an account of in his Comment. Soc. Reg. Scient. Goetting. T. 2.
P. 215. Some of thefe bones are judged to have belonged to Rtincceros.
Plbingerode, a parochial-village, on the Sieber, containing an eftate
which entitles to a feat in the Diet, and belongs to the family of Weifz.
Horden, a village, alfo lying on the Sieber, and in which the Berkejelds
are pofleßed of an eftate which qualifies to fit in the Diet.
6. The bailiwick of Scharzjeh, joining to Harz, and being for
the moft part mountainous, and therefore not very fit for tillage. This
bailiwick is fupplied with grain from the lordfliips of Klettenherg, Nordhanfen,
and Thuriiigia ; but flax thrives here fo well, that great quantities
of it, as alfo of linen, are annually exported from hence into Thuringia,
and other parts. The Lauterberg has works of copper and iron j and
here are alfo chalk pits and quarries, of which great profit is made. The
places belonging to the bailiwick are
Scbarzfeh, a caftle, feated on a mountain, and in ancient inflruments
c
called

Griibcnhai^cn.l GERMANY, 2-0
called Scartfcid, or otherwife Scharzfeld, but at prefent mod commonly
known by the name of Scbarzfclu When occurring however under the
former appellation, it mufl: not l)e confounded witli the above-mentioned
village oC Scharzfcld. This caüle flands on a high mountain or rather a
vaft rock on the borders of the Harz, projefting to the height of twenty
common paces above the mountain. The only acccfs to it is bv means of
high fcone fteps, at the fummit of which is a round freeftone tower of a confjderable
height and thicknefs, but without any roof. In the lower part
of the caftle are baracks erefted along the wall. This fortrefs is defended
by a few cannon, and has alfo a fmall garrifon under the direöionofa
commandant. In it too is a very deep well, the water of which is dnwn
up by means of a large wheel. State prifoners are i^jm.etimes confined
Jicre. On defcending northwards fi-om the mountains, after pafTing through
a narrow valley, and then afcending a hill, we come to the famous
Schafzfcld Cave, which properly confifts of five caverns, all lying in a
row. The firft of thefe is very large and clear, the ground being funk
in towards the centre, and thus admitting the light ; but the others ara
quite dark. In the earth of the firft and fecond is found the Eburfo/jik,
and in the third and fourth is (tzn the llaiadite or drop (lone, which on
the roof refembles fo many large icicles. This caftle was exchan"-ed
by the Emperor Lö//6^rz«^, with the fee oi Magdeburg, for the abbey of
Alßeben. In 1157, by another exchange made by the Emperor Frederick
I. it was transferred, together with the Herzberg, to Duke Hetiry
the Lion. The Counts of Scharzfeld are agents to the Duke, as they
formerly were to the empire. Thefe Counts have been divided into
two lines, namely into thofe of Scharzfeld and Lntte'r, or Lauterberg.
The former became extind firll:, and the latter afterv/ards failed in 1390,
in the perfon of Count Heyfo, on which the county efcheated, as a vacant
fief, to the principality of Grubenhagen. In 1402 Duke Frederick
mortgaged it to his fon-in-lavv Count Henry of Hchnßein ; and in 1456
the faid Duke inverted the Count of Hohnßein with it, referving however
to himfelf thQ Domi?2ium DireBum. In 1490, i5'5o, 1568, 1586, the
Couniz oi Schwarzburg and SicUbcrg obtained the joint inveftiture pfit;
but on the extinöion of the Counts of Hohnßein, the Dukes of Gruhenhage?i
refufed to cede tiie county of Liittcrberg and Scharzfeld to the Counts of
Schwarzburg, unlefs with the confent of their relations j and the latter
again, on the extinction of the faid Counts, would not acknowledf^e themlelves
bound to the inveftiture, as having never confented to it. The
affair therefore was laid before the Aulick council, who determined it in
favour of the Dukes of Brunjwick and Lüneburg. On v/hat right, and
what good grounds the Elector of Mentz aflumes to himfelf the feudal
Lordfliip oi Scharzfeld, and inverts therewith the Princes of Schwarzburg,
I have not been nh'c to learn. At the foot of the cartle-hill runs the
Oder, on the oppofite bank of which ftands
The

2 8o G E R M A N T. [Grubenhagen.
The ba'iliwick-houfe of Nciihof,
with the farm belonging thereto.
Laiiterherg or htitterhcrg, a town feated on the Oder. The greateft
part of the inhabitants of this place are employed in the mines and other
works here. Of the Count and couniy oi Lutterberg, mention has been
already made under Sc/:arzjfl/s caftle. Lutterberg is ftill held as a fief
of the Tihhty oi ^icdlinburg, and in the fifteenth century is faid to have
been offered to it as fuch, by the Counts of Lutterberg, though, at that
time, no allodial eftates of thofe Counts, but the property of the Dukes
of Grubenhagen. In tl)e neighbourhood is a copper and iron forge,
ereded near fome mines of thofe metals. The latter are called the Konigshutte.
The mine and forefl: officers here, together with the miners,
are fubjedl to the mine-bailiwick of Claußhal.
Barbis and Barteljelde, both parochial-villages, with two other villages,
and Nuxcy, an inn, fituated on the borders of the Klettenberg.
7. The bailiwick of Raciolfshß:aufen, being very mountainous, yet containing
pretty good corn land, which, in years of no excef?lve wet or
drought, yield plenty of wheat and rye, together with fome barley, beans,
peas, and vetches. This bailiwick produces alfo a great deal of flax, and
enjoys a fufficiency of timber, with wood for fuel, as alfo good pafturage ;
but notwithflanding this, its grafery is by no means very confiderable, the
inhabitants applying themfelves principally to the culture of flax, which
furniflies them with a profitable thread and linen trade. In it likewife are
feveral quarries of land flone, from whence Eichsfeld is fupplied, which
lies but at a fmall diftance. This bailiwick was held as a fief of the principality
of Grubenhagen, by the Barons Fle[je, but on the extinction of that
family, in 1571, reverted again to the principality. The places belonging
to it
are
Radolfshaiifen,
near which lies
Ebergotzen, otherwife called Evergoddefen, a parochial-village.
Landoljihjhaufen, alfo ftiled LangcrJhauJ'en, but formerly Ludolfshßoat/fe}j,
likewife a parochial-village : with
Two other villages, three mills, and Rickenrode farm, which is a board
land belonging to the bifhop of Paderborn, and held by the JVriesberg
branch of the Barons Gorz, who pay a yearly quitrent for it.
8. The bailiwick of Elbingerode, lying on the Harz, between the
county of Wernigerode and the principality of Blankenburg. The agriculture
carried on here is inconfiderable, but its good paftures and meadows
render grafery very advantageous. It has alio fine woods of pine, which in
fome fmall trads are intermixed with beech, elder, and birch. This bailiwick
not only fupplies the iron works here, as alfo the filver mine works
at Claußhal, St, Andreasberg, and Altenau^ with wood and charcoal, but likewile
exports great quantities of timber and deals. The other confiderable
produds of the country are, a dark-blue flate, which never contrads
raofs;

GiTibenhagen.] GERMANY. 281
mofs} together v/ith an abundance of marble, which is converted into
various ufes ; two kinds of jafpcr found in the earth and the rivers,
chryftalhzations, and more particularly an iron ore, out of which is extraded
an excellent iron. The rivers here are the Kalte, and the Warmi
Bude, with the Sandbach, and the Wormke, from the laft of w'lich the Wormfgraben
has been carried through a hill and rocks to the! Holz^EjnmCy
which runs to Halbci-ßadt, &c. Arendsbom and Scheere?iborn are two warm
fprings, the waters of which being conveyed to the iron-works, keep
them going even in the hardcft winters. This bailiwick devolved from
the Counts of Hohußeiii to thoie of Stollberg, who, in 1575, mortga£>-ed
it to Afchen Kolk ; and he again transferred hi^ right in it to Status Munch-
.kaufen, who, in 1605, held it as a mortgage, and on advancing a confiderable
fam of money to the Counts of Stollbej-g, obtained it as a fief;
but having himfelf contradted great debts, the Duke of Brimfwick fequeftrated
the bailiwick, which was at firft managed by a fteward, but in
1623 farmed, and from the year. 1628 to 1653 managed by Philip Adolphus
MuiichhaufcUy and afterwards by redemption annexed to the principality
of Griibenhagen. The places belonging to it are
Elbingerode, an AmtfaJ-zige tovfn, confifting of three hundred and thirty
houfes. In the year 1753, the feat and bailivvick-houfe here, with all the
offices belonging to them, as alfo the church, the guild-hall, and the
other publick edihces were deftroyed by a fire; together with one hundred
and eighty-four of the beil houfes belonging to the townfmen, and all the
out-houfes ; but thefe have been fince rebuilt with greater elegance and
uniformity.
Koi.igß:cf, a fmall village, fituated at the conflux of the cold and i^arm
Bilde, and formerly containing iron-works. This place was anciently an
Imperial refidence, called
Konigsbiirg.
Lucaß:of\ a village, in which is a mill for the fawing of marble, wherein,
of the marble of this bailiwick, are made tables, ftoves, &c. which
are afterwards exported.
The Rot he Hui(e, ot red butt, an iron-work, fituated on the cold Biide,
and which, with feveral other houfes adjoining to it, belongs to the
Sovereign.
Luderß'of, a flatting-mill, with feven buildings belonging to it.
The Neue Huttc, a flatting-mill, fituated on the cold Bude, with a chapel,
fchool, and other buildings.
The iron-work at Mandelholz, which is at prefent fallen to decay, infomuch
that there are but two houfes remaining here.
Among the ruined places in this bailiwick is Botfeld on the warm Bude,
which has been rendered famous by the Kings and Emperors of the Saxon
houfe, who fometimes took the diverfion of flag-hunting here. In its
neighbourhood flood the above-mentioned palace of Konigsburg. The
Vol. VI. O o Emperor

282 GERMANY. [Grubenhagen.
Emperor Henry II. conferred Botfeld, with the whole foreft belonging to
it, as alfo Dorenburg and Redher, on the abbey of Ga?iderßjeim, of which
this country is ftill held as a fief.
III. The jurifdidion of Rudiger-ßjaußn, belonging to the family of
Hagen, and lying on the Eichsfelde, but belonging to the principality of
Grubenhogen. This jurifdidion entitles to a feat in the Diet. The village
of Rüdigerjhaufen, or Ruiigcrß^agen, is parochial.
IV. The Harz, in its nioft comprehenfive fenfe, has been mentioned
above in the introdudion to the principality of Grubenhagen. In this place
however we are to fpeak of the Brunfwick and Lüneburg fliare of the
Harz, which in a particular and more limited fenfe is called the Harz.
The air here is fo cold, that the winters ufually lafl: one half of the year.
The rains, fiiovvs and fogs are alfo more frequent than in the levels around
it, yet thofe who live and tranfad their bufinefs above ground, and not
in the mines and forges, arrive to as great an age as the inhabitants of the
levels. Tillage and the cultivation of fruits turn to no account here, the
produd feldom ripening, fo that the whole harveft confifts of good hay;
The foreft which covers the mountain confifts one-third of it of hard
wood, namely, of oak, beech, afh, afpin, alder, birch, &c. and twothirds
of foft wood, among which are firs and pines. This abundance of
timberj though in itfelf of great importance, yet is the more valuable here,
as without it the mines and forges could not fubfift. The minerals fourni
here are yellow oker, vitriol, falt-petre, fulphur. Lapis calaminaris, and
zink ; together with cobalt, for the making of powder blue, lead, borax,
iron, copper, brafs, filver, and fome gold. The Brmifwick-Luneburg
Harz being divided into the upper and lower, the mine-works in
it are diftinguifhed by the like divilions, which Ihall be more particularly
mentioned in the fequel. The Upper-Harz, with its mine-works, places,
and woods, is particular, or belonging only to the eledoral houfe oi Brunfmck-
Lüneburg, or elfe common. According to the tenour of an agreement
concluded in 1635, and the convention of HzVi(/ZWw, made in 164g,
between the eledoral houfe and that of the Prince, the former
poffefles four-fevenths, and the latter three, with venery and maftage to
a certain degree throughout the whole trad thus held in common, and
to which likewife belongs the falt-works near Harzbiirg. All the Loiver-
Harz, with its mir/es, is alfo held in common. The whole of the Harz
is divided into mine-bailiwicks, foreft-bailiwicks, and courts of juftice.
The mine-bailiwicks are three, namely, one at Clauflhal, for the particular
Harz, the iron-works in the bailiwick of Elbingercde, and thofe in Soiling
and Ußar ; a fecond at Cellerfelde, for the common Upper Harz ; and a
third at Gojzlar, for the common Lo^er Harz. Thefe take cognifance
of all affairs relative to the mines and forges, as alfo of any law cafes
happening in them, each being divided into two benches. The officers of
the

Qrubenhager.] GERMANY. 283
the /»^M fit on one, and thofe oi'" leather on the other. The two principal
niine-baiüwicks take an oath not only to the Sovereign, but likcwife
to the adventurers in the mine-works, though the third only to the former.
The forefl-bailiwicks are two, namely one at Claii/fhal, for the
particular Harz, and one held jointly at Gofzlar, for the common Harz.
Both thefe are properly inftituted for the Sovereign, and relate principally
to the foreft affairs, determining alfo in all cafes touching the forefts and
limits. The courts of judicature in the town look to the adminiftration
both of civil and criminal juflice, as alfo to the polity. In the mine-baiwicks,
the foreft-bailiwicks, and the courts of juftice for the particular
Harz, the mine, or vice-mine diredor, reprefents the Sovereign, as prefident
; but in the mine-bailiwicks, the forefl-bailiwicks, and the courts
of juftice in the common Harz, the mine-governors of both Princes
prefide every year alternately ; the elecftoral officer in the even years, and
the Prince's in the odd years. The director alfo, for the time being,
iffues the orders and inftrudions, remitting them however to his colleague
for confirmation. Appeals are carried to the court, which is polleffed of
the diredory for the yearj and here alfo caufes are finally determined.
On the vacancy of any employment in the territories enjoyed in common,
the diredory prefents proper perfons to the 72on-dire5lorjum, which
generally approves of thofe thus prefented. A good account of the produce
and profits of the mine-works in the Harz is to be met with in
Bofen 5 general principles of ceconomy in mine, forges, fait andforeß affairs.
The produce of l\\e. particular mine- works about the year 1724, reckoning
filver, copper, iron, lead and borax, did not amount to lefs than
706,125 rixdollars. On deduding the charges or payments made out of
this fum, the furplufs accruing to the Sovereign amounted to about
136,000 rixdollars, and that ariung to the ether proprietors to 120,567.
The common mine-works in the Upper-Harz ufed to yield annually in the
above-mentioned ore, about 286,000 rixdollars, of which the furplus
arifing to the Sovereign amounted to about 53,000 rixdollars, and that of
the lliarers to 19,707. Tiie ^w«»zö« mine-works of the Lcwer-Harz, or
Rammelsberg, have produced annually in gold, filver, copper, lead, borax,
fulphur, green and white vitriol, zink, and potafli, as alio in brafs and fait,
about 180,608 rixdollars, of which near 96,000 are its neat produce. Thus
the whole Harz yields annually about 1,172,733 rixdollars, of which,
to the value of 2880, is gold, v^hich is coined into ducats, and 802,860
filver ; which, after a dedudion of all charges, the furplus or neat profit
aiifiiig from it amounts to 425,274 rixdollars. The other fums arifing
from the produce of thefe mines ferve for the fupport of the Harz, and
are expended chiefly for the necelTaries of life in the adjacent countries,
•particularly at Halhcrßadt, ^edlinburg, Nordhaifen, and in the principality
of Anhalt.
The Sovereigns purchafe the produds of thefe mine-works
O o 2 at

2:8'4
GERMANY. [Grubenhagen.
at a certain rate of the proprietors or overfeers. The filver is coined immediately
on the B.arz. The other products the mine-offices at Hanover
and Wolfcnbiittel take at a ftipulated price, making their returns in tallow,
leather, and other neceflaries for the mine-works, which are alfo fur-
"
niflied at a certain rate. Thefe returns are reckoned advantageous to the
Sovereign ; the fums for which the produds are difpofed exceeding the
price paid the proprietors for them, and the fums the goods coft being
lefs than what they give. The gain therefore made by it amounts of
courfe to fomewhat confiderable.
The inhabitants of the Harz are compofed of miners, labourers in the
fmelting-houfes, wood-hewers, carriers, and the Sovereign's officers and
fervants, together with minifters, fchoolmafters, artificers, handicraftfmen,
and tradefmen. Thefe neither pay licent, nor contribution money, the
only imports levied on them being that whereby in the towns the owner
of every houfe is taxed in one rixdoUar, and a lodger and a mine-officer
in half a one, with a fmall excife on beer imported there. But this is
again applied to the minage and benefit of the miners and labourers in the
fmelting-houfes. The workmen at Claußbal pay a fmall matter towards
the maintenance of the forty men in garrifon there. The miners and
labourers in the fmelting-houfes on the particular Harz are entitled to
purchafe from the grainery at Ofleroäc, and thofe of the common Harz
from that at Gofzlar, rye at fixteen Grofchens per bufbel, how high foever
the market price may be. We now come to a more particular defcription
of
I. The Upper-Harz. The mine-works in this diflrid are divided into
lines, to each of which belongs a certain number of lodes, and to each
lode (o many tax Kuchfz, or proprietors. Thefe lodes are either Ausbeute,
Frevbau, or Ziibujz lodes ; every Ausbeute lode contains one hundred and
thirtv (liares, of which, in the particular Harz, four belong to the Sovereign,
one to the church, and one to the town wherein it lies ; but on
the commonUppcr-Harz, one hundred and twenty-four belong to the fliarers
or overfeers, one and a half to the church, one and a half to the demefnes,
and three to the Sovereign. A i7vy^rt« confifls of one hundred and
twenty-eight Kuchfes, and furniffies a certain quantity of ore for its freedom.
A Zubiifz or contribution-mine contains one hundred and twenty-eight
Kuchfes, which are paid for by the adventurers, and four worked gratis,
for the Sovereign's ufs. The JJpper-Harz is divided into
I. The Eirijeitigen ox particular part, which belongs folely to the Eledor
of Brirafwick-Lwieburg. In this part are the following places, viz.
Claußbal, an open fpacious mine-town, ornamented with broad ftreets,
and confifling of upwards of nine hundred houfes. In it are about 10,000
inhibitants, two churches, one grammar-fchool under the diredion of
nine mailers, and an orphan-houfe. This town is alfo the feat of the
mine-

;
Grubenhagen.] GERMANY. 285
mine-bailiwick-office for the particular Harz, of a mint, wherein, according
to the Leipzig flandard, between 4 and 500,000 rixdollars are
coined, and likevvifc of a fuperintendency, which is difcharged by the
general fuperintendent of the principality of Gruhenhagen. Here is alfo
a fmall garrifon of invalides. In 1634 and 1725 it fuJ&red extremely by
fire, no lefs than five hundred buildings being deftroyed in the lafl mentioned
year. At Claujlhal is a Jioufe for the fmelting of filver.
Altenaii^ a fmall mine-town, feated in a vale, and environed by rugged
mountains and a rock. In this town alfo is a houfe for the fmelting of
filver, the Aquafortis from which runs into the Ocker.
St. Aiuireasberg, a mine-town, feated on the Oder, and confiding of
about five hundred and fifty dwelling-houfes, with a hut for the fmelting
and a manufactory of powder blue.
of filver,
Obf. One German mile from this place, beyond the Rehberge, lies the
remarkable Oderteich, into which the Oder, with feveral fprings here, difcharges
itfelf. It is inclofed with a fi:one dam, begun in 171 9, and
finiflied in 1722, at a vafl: expence. From it the water is conveyed round
the Rehberg in a lined canal, which is 1600 rods in length, and then by
means of an aqueduft made through the fand hill, without St. Andreasberg,
is carried through all the lines, as alfo through the pitch and fmelting-works
fo that in the greateft droughts they never want water. This refervoir likewife
contains very fine fifh, efpecially trout.
Buntebock, a fmall place, wholly inhabited by carriers.
Leerbach and Sieber, two parochial- villages : and
Four farms.
2. Into the Gemeijifchaft or common part, which is jointly pofiefled by
the Eledtor and the Prince of Brunfwick and Lüneburg. To it belong the
following places :
'viz,
Cellerjeld, an open mine-town, feparated from Oaußhal only by a fmall
rivulet. This place is the feat of the mine bailiwick-office of the common
Z^pper-Ha?-z, as alfo of a common mint, in which between 250,000 and
300,000 rixdollars are annually coined in filver fpecie, reckoning according
to the Leipzig ftandard. Here is likewife a fuperintendency, with about
five hundred and fifty-feven houfes, a good library at the parochial-church,
which was the legacy of the reverend Mr. Calvcr, general fuperintendent
of this place; and a Latin fchuol. Ctilerfeid fuftered greatly by fire in-
1737 and 1753.
Grund, a fmall mine-town.
Wildeman, a mine-town, containing about three hundred houfcj, which'
Hand in a vale furrounded on all fides by wild loity mountains. This'
place was firft built in the year 1529. In it is a houfe for the fmelting
of filver.
Lautenthal, a fmall mlne-tov.'n of two hundred and fifty-three houfes.
4t this place alfo is a houfe for the fmelting of filver. ^chu-

2 86 GERMANY. [Calcnbcrg.
Schtilaiberg^ likevvife containing a houfe for tbe fnielting of filver,
Bockewife, and Hnhnenklee, all fmall places. In the lafl: is a farm belonging
folely to the Sovereign.
2. Of the Lower-Harz, or RammeJbergs, which is a ftcep high mountain
of pretty large extent, lying near the Imperial city oi Gofzlcir. This
mountain is poffcffed in common by the eledloral and princely houfes.
The ores found in it are of a very folid texture, and of fuch refirtance
againfl the hammer and wedges, that for the eafier diffolution of them,
the workmen find it neceflary to apply fire to the feveral paflages, through
which they are to come. The Rammehberg mine works yield lead, copper,
filver, fome gold, borax Lap'n calamina?-is, zink, fulphur, jet, vitriol and
yellow oker. On it are twelve mines, of which the magiflracy of Go/^/^r
work four, though to a difadvantage, as being obliged to deliver a certain
portion of the ore gratis to the fjvereign, and to fell the remainder to him
at the price formerly ftipulated between them, which at prefent is too
low. But on default of this it forfeits its forefi:-right, which it holds on the
aforefaid conditions. The Rammehberg ores are refined in the following
fmelting houfes, that is to fay, the filver, lead, copper and the above-mentioned
minerals, at the Ocker, or the fmelting houfe ot the Virgin Mary at Gofzlar,
which alio makes brafs ; the filver and lead at Duke Julius's fmelting houfe,
and that of Lady Sophia at Aßjeld.
'The Principality ö/'Calenberg.
R I,
A Reprefentation of this principality is to be feen in the map of
-^ the dutchy of Bnmjwick, publifhed firft by Blaeu in his Atlas ;
and after by Homarm and his heirs. This map however will yet admit
of fome amendments.
§. 2. The principality of Cahiberg is divided into two parts by a portion
of the principality of WolJaibutteL Of thefe the north part is furrounded
by the principality of Lüneburg, in the diocefe of Hildeßxim ; the principality
of Wolfenbuttle the counties of Pyrmont, Lippe, Schauenburg and
Hoya, and the principality of Minden. The fouth part is on all fides environed
by the principalities ol Wolfenbuttle and Grubenbagen, and the territories
of Eichjfeld and Lower-Hefe.
§. 3. All the rivers, ftreams, and brooks in this principality difcharge
theinlelves either into the Leine or JVefer. The former of thefe wafhes it
to the eafi; and the latter on the weft The Leitie has its fource indeed in
Eichjj'clde, but the greateft part of its courfe is in this principality, where it
is increafed by feveral leficr rivers, particularly by the Ridme at Nordheim,
the lime below Einbeck in the principality oiGruhenhagen, and the Innerße in
the

;
Calenberg.] GERMANY, 28;
the diocefe o( HiiJe/I.ri'n.
Near Nekaring at Hanover the channel contradting
itfelf, by means ot fluices it has been rendered navigable, fo that goods
and merchandife may be font down it from Hanover into the Aller, from
thence to tlve Wcfer, and fo on to Bremen, and returns made the fame
way. At Munden the Werra is increafed by the Fulda, after which it is
again called the Wefer in Latin Vifiirgis, the name it anciently had
at its fource, as is already obferved in the landgravate of Heß'e. Faffing
^
from thence it waters the principality of Calenberg in feveral parts, but
the Enimer and Hiimme are the only rivers of note which it here receives.
The JVcfer is every where navigable. The principal mountains
in this principality are the Deißer and Suntel in the north, and the
Solingerivald in the fouth. But it has alfo many other mountains and
fummits. The mountainous and ftony parts here, as well as the mooriili and
fwampy, with the heaths and fands, yield very little, but it has a great
many marfliy, clayey and loamy tradls, mixed with earth and fand, where
all kinds of fruits and vegetables are feen to thrive, fuch as wheat, rye,
barley, oats, lentils, peas, beans, vetches, buckwheat, excellent garden fluff,
tobacco, hops and flax with plenty of good fruit. In it likewife are fine
woods of oak, beech, alder, pine, birch, afp, Gff. which afford timber
for the building of fhips and houfes, as alfo wood for fuel and other ufes.
The maflage too from the oaks and beech are of great advantage to it.
We find here likewife large breeds of horfes, black cattle and flieep, with
no wantof venifon game, and fifh. At feveral places likewife in this principality
are marl pits, quarries of freeflone, and miiftones, with brick kilns,
turf and coal-pits, rich iron-ore and falt-fprings. At Rehburg is a medicinal
water of approved virtue.
§. 4. In this principality are nineteen cities and feventeen towns. Gottingen,
the Alßadt of Hanover, Nordheim and Hamelen are filled the four
great cities, the others being called the fmall. Several of thefe cities are
poffeffed both of the civil and criminal jurifdidion, but in thefe appeals lie
from the magiftrate to 'the upper courts of jullice. The other cities
here are entirely dependent on the bailiwick. To many of them alfo the
regency fends its refcripts immediately either on all occafions or frequently,
and their accounts are likewife immediately received by the privy-council
but for the reft the reicripts fent them are often, if not always, addreiTed
the bailiwick office, which is pofl'effed of the high jurildi(5tion over them,,
and in feme alfo of the proper lower jurifdidlion. The eflates here are divided
into the Ritter?najzige, which entitle to feat and voice in the Diets, and
are exempt from alt contributions, and the Freye, the proprietors of which
are not fummoned to the Diets, and therefore are not exculed from
public imports, unlefs on proof that fuch lands are aöually parts of
Rittermafzige eftates. In the whole principality are three abbies and fix:
convents, which are all inhabited, that ia to fay, one by men and live by
women. The States of the country aje compofed
J. (X
to

288 GERMANY. [Calenberg.
, I. Of the prelates, who are the abbots of Lockum, Hameln , Wunßorf zxi^
'
the convents of Mivioirode, Barfinghaufen^ Wennlg(cn, Walfinghaujen, Marienwerdcr,
and Marienfee. 2. Of the nobility, which is compofed of
one hundred and fixty-four proprietors of adequate eftates. 3. Thefe
two eftates are divided into three departments, namely into that of Hi^novcr,
Gottingen and liariidn, with the department of Lavaiaii. The
eftates of the latter till the year 1640 belonged to the county of Schauenburg^
but on the extindion of the ancient Counts of Scbauenburg devolved
to the principality of Crt/tv/^^rg', and in 1701 were incorporated with
the Hameln divifion. The Diets are held once a year at Hanover, to
which place the States are fummoned by the fovereign, or at his fpecial
command by his regency. The States are divided into the greater or lefler
committee. Thefe confifl: of four land and tax-counfellors, who are the
abbot of Lockum, and a noble belonging to each of the three departments,
who eledl a deputy to be prefented by them for the fovercign's confirmation.
The four large cities, for which a reafon fliall be given in the fequel,
have no part in the commifliou of taxes, whereas Munden and Mim/ier,
though reckoned among the lelfer cities, nominate each a deputy, who is
an ordinary member of that commifiion. Thefe States have -their fyndic and
other officers of whom more particular notice fhall be taken hereafter.
Laftly it is to be obferved, that out of the nobility of each departments two
provincial deputies are eleded.
§.5. In the whole principality (not to mention thofe in the county of
Spiegelberg, Vifhich is incorporated with it, but has been defcribed in the
circle of IFe/lpbalia,) are two hundred and ten Lutheran parilli churches,
thirteen fuperintendencies (out of which the clergy of the four large
cities and Munden are excepted) and two general fuperintendencies. The
Cahinijh are pofleffed of five churches here, and the i^owwvz-catholics of
fix churches and chapels.
§. 6. In the chief cities of this principality are good grammar-fchools,
and Gottingen boafts one of the moft celebrated univerfities in all Germany,
as alfo a royal fociety of fciences, and a royal German fociety.
§.7. Here is no want of manufadtures, fabricks and other ingenious
employments. Very great quantities of linen yarn are fpun here, and
linen itfelf wove not only in a fufficiency for home confumption, but likewife
for exportation, particularly a moft beautiful damafk. The printing
too of linen is brought to fuch perfcäion here, that it begins to take
place of the ufe of chints and callicoes. The oil fkins, and carpets printed
and painted here are of the heft fort. Cotton likewife is fpun here, to an
extreme finenefs and knit or wove into {lockings, gloves and caps. Here
are alfo tobacco manufactories, where that plant is fpun and worked either
for fmoking or fnuff". Moft of the woollen manufadtures mentioned
^;i'
p. 202 are to be feen in this principality and flourifli more particularly

Calcnbcrg.] GERMANY. 289
larly at Gotiingen. Not to repeat the lift there given of the feveral cloths,
iiLiffs and other appendices to apparel made iicre of native and imported
wool; I fliall only add a few particulars by way of illuftration. The
greateft part and the heft of the woollen manufadtories at Gott'wgcn have
been eftabiidied there by Mr. Qrazcl principal commiffary, and Mr. Scharf
commilfary of trade ; and the goods made in them, are held in great repute
both for their goodnefsand the beauty of their colours. Mr. Scharf likewife
niakes both light and fubftantial fine cloths, and ratnes of the befl: Spanißi
wool, after the £7z^///2' manner, which are fo very excel lent that they are without
wrinkle, and exclufive of the liH: are a Brabant * ell wide. Each piece alfo
makes two fuits of clothes, and fuch is the finenefs of thefe cloths, and fo
beautiful and lading the colours, that they equal the very befl: cloths made in
Heiland, and yet are fold at a very moderate rate. The worfted ftockings
made at Gottingcn are fo diftinguiflied for their finenefs that they deferve
particular mention. At Hanover are two celebrated gold and filver manufadories
for galloons and laces of all forts, as alfo for fringes, tofiels, embroidery
and otlier works. Among the other manufadurcs likewife are
filk-ftuff?, {lockings and ribbons, with good leather. At UjJar are iron
works with a mill for the flatting of copper, at Reher in the bailiwick of
Erzen a brafs foundery and a powder-mill, in fome parts are glafs-houfes,
paper and fulling-mills, and the Diiingen flone-ware is exported in great
quantities. At Heinfen in the bailiwick of Pclle are built velfels which are
employed on the Wcfcr. The other exports here are likewife very confiderable.
Omitting the natural produds and the Gottingcn dried faufage, which
is fent to all parts, large quantities of the goods manufadured here are
fent abroad, particularly linen-thread, linen, Gottingen-C'3.v^\zX.%, baraguins
and other ftufFs, in which a large trade is carried on to Bremen, Hamburgh
Holland, Frankfurt and even to Italy. Its foreign trade is greatly facilitated
by means of the IVeJer and the country where the heine has been rendered
navigable.
§. 8. The principality of Caletiberg conftitutes a part of the dutchy of
Bru7;fwick, and is chiefly formed out of counties, lordfhips, and convents,
as will appear in the detail of its particular bailiwicks and places. The
country about Gottingen was for fometime a diflind principality, known
by the name of the principality oiGottingen, and lying as to the fouthward
of the Sollingcriaald and Harz, was alfo called the Furßeyitum Oberwald or the
principality beyond theforeß ; but fince the year 1495, has been under the
fame fupreme government and tribunal as the Calenberg territories. The
States of thefe two countries have been incorporated, and both are now
included under the appellation of the principality of Calenberg. The
other circumftances relative to its general hiltory occur under the account
of the dominions belonging to the eledoral houfe of Branjioick-Luneburgi
and all is to be added in this place, is thatin the year 1757 it fell entirely into
* The Brabant or Atitiverp ell is three foot three inches and three quarters E^gUßi.
Vol. VI. Pp the

2 90 GERMANY. [Calcnberg.
^
the hands of the French, but was vvrefted from them towards the middle
of the following year, though afterwards in the fame year the Gotthgcn
departments fell a fccond time under the like misfortune, and has in
divers refpcds fercrely felt the dreadful efFedls of war.
§. 9. This principality has a vote both in the imperial college of
Princes and the Diets of Lower-Saxony. Its matricular afleffment is twenty
two horfe and a half, and one hundred and forty fqotj or fix hundred and
tighty-fix
florins.
§. 10. In the principalities of Calenberg, Örubenhagen and Wolfentutiely
the family of Oldirßoaiifen are hereditary marflials, and by virtue of a
recefs or convention made in 1495, between the Dukes Hc7iry and Erid\
are to be inverted with that poll: by both the reigning Princes of Calejiberg
•^x)^ PVoIfenhutlel. The office of hereditary gentleman-fewer in the principality
of Calenberg is vefted in the Rofzings, though between the Deijfer
and the Leine it is held by the Götzens of Ohletibaufen ; and that of hereditary
cup-bearer of the fame principality is pofleffed as a fief by the Rkedens
of RheJen.
S. 1 1. At Hanover is a juridical court for the principalities of Calenberg
and Grubenhagcn, and the counties of Hoya and Diepholz. At the fame
place likewife is a fupreme tribunal for thole countie?, Grubcnhagen excepted ;
and to this tribunal the principality of Calenberg fends two afleflbrs, but
the judge is appointed only by the fovereign, though he muft be always
of the Calenberg nobility. The States of CaleJiberg further depute two
afleÜbrs to the high-court of appeals at Zell.
§. 12. The fovereign's immediate revenues in this country arife from
the demefne bailiwick and Regalia here, to wijich may be added the
excife on foreign brandies conllimed in it, and likewife on thofe difiilled
in the four large cities, the convents and the jurifdidions of nobles, who are
proprietors of feats, hut which are confumed out of their refpcäive diftrids,
with the ftill-tax levied by the diftiilers of brandy in the demefne bailiwicks.
The revenues arifing from the corA'entual bailiwicks are paid into
the convent fund. The contribution has been aboliflied here, and the
licent introduced in its ftead. The infpeöcrs of the latter are nominated
by the fovereign but the States appoint the comtr.ißaries belonging to it.
Each controlls the licent accounts. Orders alfo relative to it, are fen t to both,
and both make their reports concerning them. The brewery and impofts
are under the care of the infpedors only, who fend accounts of them to
thetreafury, by whom they are hid before the regency, but the holding of
licent courts on any fraud difcovered in the licent, or on any information
of a fraud, is the particular privilege of the commiffaries. Every licent
commiflary has his appointed diftrift, as every licent infpeöor has his place
of receipt, and under the latter are the licent officers. In the country each
and
perfon upwards of twelve years of age muft licent two combs of corn,
thofe

Calenberg.]
GERMANY.
thofe between four and twelve one : accordingly the licent infpe^tors once
a year vifit the fmall cities, bailiwicks and jurifdidions, and in the prefence
of the juftice of the place, examine whether fuch proportion has been
univerfally complied with or who is in arrears ? but this inquifition is not
made with the ftrideft feverity. To the licent fund is a] fo payable the fo«-
tribiitio nobilium (who are exempt from the licent) together with the contri~
butioforenjium et cleri, but this amounts to no great lum. The contnbutio
forenfium is paid here by fuch, who though they live out of the principality
yet are proprietors of contributing eftates in it, of which eftates they fpend
the income abroad. Thefe pay one half of the contribution as it flood
in the year 1686, The licent fund alfo receives the flamp-duty. The
former being appropriated for the payment of the army, the receivers of it
every month pay the neceffary fums to the commifTaries of war, and the
infpeöors controil the accounts. Thefe accounts are laid before the States
at the provincial Diet, who after dedudting the fums appointed for the
maintenance of the forces, aflume the refidue into their own hands, towards
defraying the other public expences, fuch as thofe of the Gotthigen
univerfity, the high-court of appeals, the court of juflice, the falaries of
the provincial deputies, and the commiflioners of the roads, with the
houfe of correäion at Zell, &c. The Schatz vv'as introduced here in
1614, for the difcharge of the Sovereign's debts, amounting to 600,000
rixdollars, which the States took upon themfelves, but this impoft by
reafon of other publick fervices is flill continued. It confifts of the Dorf
or village-tax, as it is called, of the flieep and meafure-tax, and of the
duty on corn and large cattle. It is paid into the land-fund, which alfo
levies three nxdoW^n per annum on every brandy-ftill in the country, thofe
in the four large cities excepted ; which are not included in this land-fund,
on confideration of their having taken upon them, and paid olf, one fixth
part of the above-mentioned debt, amounting to 100,000 rixdollars. With
refpedt alfo to the eflates they then held they have been declared free from the
above-mentioned taxes and impofls, and likewife from the excife on liquors.
They have no concern neither with the board of taxes, the bufinefs belonging
to Vv'hich is denoted by its title, and the members of which are the
four above-mentioned provincial-counfellors of taxes, (§. 4.) with the
deputy from the town of Mimdcn, and one from that of Mimder. The
province has alfo a comptroller and fecretary of the provincial revenue,
and in each of the three departments a receiver of the Schatz. When any
general, and more efpecially when any extraordinary, diiburfements are to
be provided for, without an additional tax, the requifite fums are ufually
taken out of the land-fund, or in cafe of a deficiency there, recourfe is had
to a loan on its credit. In fuch exit^cncies the four great cities advance
onefixth part of the fum to be railed, that is to fay Gottinge-n one-third, Hanover
one-third, Nordheirn one-fixth, and Hameln alfo one-fixth. The laft
Pp 2
of
291

^g. GERMANY. [Calcnbcrg.
of all is the magazine corn, which is annually furniflicd by the principality
afTeeably to a dated divilion ) and that fometimes in kind, but at otheitimes
in money.
^. 13. In this principality are charter-towns, abbies, convents, fifcal bailiwicks,
conventual bailiwicks, and jurifdidtions belonging to noblemen.
Thefe are all divided into the three before-mentioned quarters or departments,
according to which we fliall now proceed to a more particular defcription
of the principality.
I. The HANOVER Quarter,
In which are eight cities, three towns, two abbies, fix convents and
eighty-one manors, qualifying for the Diet (which laH: pay to the nobilitytax
three hundred and (ixty-fix rixdollars, thirteen kruitzers,) and two
hundred and twelve villages. In the next place follow
J. The Kantzkyjajzige cities and among thefe
J. One of the four great cities, namely
I .Tho.Ahßnät Hanover, commonly called Hannove?-, but in ancient records,
and on the city-feal written Honover, formerly the capital of the eledorate,
and the proper reiidence of the Eledor, but in rank only the fecond among
the four large cities of the principality of Caknberg. This place is the feat
cf the privy-council, as likewife of the regency of all the territories belonging to
the electorate houfe oi Brinifwick-Limeburg, of the treafury, of the war-otfice,
cf the chief court of juftice, of the chancery, and of the Diet of the principality
oiCalmherg, whence confequently it is very populous. It lies on the left
iliore of the Leine, which alter running in two channels between the old
and new town, and thus forming an illand, unites into one ftreani again,
and thus becomes navigable. The town itfelf is fortified and contains
about 1200 houfes, among which are divers very large and handfome
buildings, particularly that of M. Biijch the privy-cculellor, which is a
mofl luperb flruäiure. The Nene Graben or Egidien-Neußadt, as it
is the neweft, fo it alfo makes the bell appearance of any part of the city.
The Eleilors palace, fituated on that fide fronting the Leine, having been
deftroyed by fire, in 1741 was rebuilt with great magnificence. In it
the privy-council and commiiTioners ofwar hold their meetings. The operahoufe
alfo takes up a part of it, and over the kitchen is a theatre for the
exhibition of plays. In the church belonging to it, which is very
fplendid, is kept a treafure of great value, confiding of reliques, gold and
filver-plate, and gems coUefted by Duke Henry the Lion in his journey to
the eaft in 1 171 and the fucceeding years ; which treafure was at firfi: lodged
in St. Blairs church at Brunfivick, but on the furrender of that city to Duke
yohn Frederick, was brought to Hancver, The Eledtor's armoury and fine
ftables ftand in a row along the Leijie. The States houfe on the Oßerfirafze
or Eoß-ßreet'n a very grand ftruä:ure. In this building are held the
Ccilc-r.berg

Calenbcig.]
GERMANY.
Caknberg Diets, and likewife thofeof the higli court ofjuflice. In the fame
fireet alfo is the Lockumer HoJ\ where the abbot of the convent o'i Lockum
refidcs; and not far from xht ^^idienkirche, or St. Giles's church, is the
chancery. The pariOi-charches here are three, namely the Markt^ or
that of St. yamcs and St. George, near which lies the free-fchool, Sr.
Giles's, and the Holy-Rood churcli. Befidcs thefe here is alfo a church for
the garrifon, with the hofpital of the Holy-Ghoji, the poor-houfe belonging
to the magiftracy, the fpinning-houfe, and the houfe of corredion ; ana
in the Mgidien-Nenjiadt is an orphan-houfe, which is a well contrived and
goodly ibufture. In the year 124.1 this town was transferred by Conrad
Count of Laueiirode, at that time proprietor of it, to Duke Otho the Child,
who promifed the burghers that it fliould be made unalienable, and remain
forever in his houfe. But notwithflanding thefe engagements, in
1283, his grandfon, Duke Otbo the Sc-vere, was for making it over to the
bidiop of Hilde/heim, which caufed an inlurredion, and thus the biiliop
never got poffeffion of it. In 1
297, however, a reconciliation was ciFeded between
tne Sovereign and the inhabitants. In 1526 one Broiban, a brewer,
invented a white and very palatable beer, which to this day bears the name
of its inventor, being called Broihan. In 1725 an alliance was concluded
here between Great-Britain, France, and Priißia, to which, in 1726,
Holland alio acceded. In 1757 the French poffelied themfelves of the city,
but quitted it again in 1758.
The neighbouring country makes a good appearance, and the number
of kitchen and pleafure gardens before the gates, with the elegant buildings
belonging to them, is artonifliing; particularly without the Stcinthcr,
or ^tone-gate, where is a moit delightful virta, leading to Monbrillant and
Herrenhatifcn, two eledloral palaces ; of which more fliall be faid in the
bailiwick of Langenbcgen.
2. The following fmall cities, 'viz.
I. HhcNeuJiadt Hanover, lying on the right bank of the ZivV;^, fronting
the Altßadt, and communicating with it by means of bridges. This town
is fortified, and though confifting only of three hundred and fevcnty-fix
293
houfes, is very fightly and populous. Its magiftracy is poifelfed of the civil
jurifdiftion alone. It is the leat, however, of the confiirory for the eiedoral
territories, as likewife of the general fuperintendency of the principality of
Caknberg, and of a fpecial fuperintendency. It contains alfo feveral valuable
manufactures. In the market-place is a curious grotto, but the water-Vv^orks
belonging to it are fallen to decay. In the fam.e part likewife
Hands the town-church, or the church of St. John's. On the parade.is
a large ftone edifice, in which are kept the eledtoral archives and library,
the latter of which is one of the moft copious and fplcndid in all Germany.
The building wherein the confiflory affembles, lies near the eledloial timberyard.
The Neujladt further contains a free fchool for the teaching of
5 hatii!^

294
GERMANY. [Calenberg.
LiUin, with a German and a French Cahinijl church, another for Romancathohcks,
a "Jcwijh fynagogue, and feveral hofs or palaces, as namely, the
Fiirßcnbof, or Prince's palace, the OJhabruckhof, that of Count Platen,
which llands in a manor, entitling to a feat in the Diet ; with thole of
Count Kiebmnjl'gge and Baron Bernjlorff. It exifted fo early as the thirteenth
century, at which time it was alfo a town. In the fourteenth century
it was divided into the Neußadt, the Bruel, and Laiienrode houfe.
The laft of thefe flood on the Berge, (which to this day gives name to a
ftreet here) and was frequently the relidence of the ancient Dukes both
of BruHJ-ivick and Lüneburg, as appears from the dates of leveral inflruments.
On its demolition in 1371, it was given to the city oi Hanover.
The Old Counts of Lauenmde derived their name from it. The criminal
jurifdidion here is lodged in the judge of the King's court.
2. Mimder, a fmall town, fituated on the Hcimel, and confifling of about
one hundred and feventy-fix houfes, with three manors, qualifying to a
feat in the Diet, and a fuperintendency. In the year 15 19
it was laid in
afhes. Its criminal jurifdidion belongs to the bailiwick of Sprmge, as
does alio the civil jurifdidlion over the fuhurb, in which is a falt-work.
3. Wunßorf-, anciently called IVongereflorp or W'Un7iendorp, (and in Latin^
Villa ainoenitatis) a fmall town, fituated between the South and the
Cafp-Aue, which a litde below this place unite, and behind Blutnenau
jointly difcharge themfelves into the Lehie. This town confifts of two
hundred and forty houfes ; is the feat of an abbey (which makes the fubjedlof
a particular article in the fequel) and of a fuperintendency, exclufive
of two manors entitling to a vote in the Diet. The criminal jurifdidlion
belonging to it is lodged in the bailiwick of Neußadt. The abbey church is
likewife the parochial-church of the town. In 1519, this building being fet
on fire by a mod abandoned villain, it was totally confumed ; and in 1625
the greatell part of it futfered the like calamity from the hnperialißs, after being
firfl pillaged by them. The old Counts of Wiinflorf zx& defendants of
the Counts of Roden ox Rotben, and thus of the fame lineage with thofe
of Laucnrode and Limmer, who have been mentioned above under the Neuliadt-Hanover.
In 1247 Count LudoJpbus foXdi one half of the town of
'iVunßorf, with its caflle, ^c. to the lee of Minden, from which fee he
alio received the other half as a fief In 131 1 Bilhop Gottfried, confirmed
its privileges as a town ; but it has ever been a bone of perpetual contention
between the Bifliops and Counts. In 13 15, by the mediation of
Oibo Duke of Brunfwick and Lüneburg, the bifliop of Minden, with the
Counts jchn and Liidolpbm of Roden and Wunßorf, were brought to an
agreement, by virtue of which the latter difcharged the inhabitants of
Wufjßcrf from their homage and allegiance to them, and renounced all
claim and right both to the town and caflle. In 13 17 it was further
agreed between thefe parties, that the caflle without Wunf.orJ, called
Sprcev.f

Calenberg.] GERMANY. 295
Spreemborg, fliould be demoliflied, and never be rebuilt ; but that tlie
Counts might ereä: another caftle on the fpot, called the Burgßate (which
caftle afterwards obtained the name of Blumaiau) and hold it both by
themfelves and their heirs : On the other hand, the bifliop and his fuccefTors
retained Bockelo caftle. In 1446 the Counts Julius and Liidolpbiis,
father and fon, fold the town and county oi Wiinßorf, with the caftle of
BliimenaUy to Magnus bifliop of Hildcßueim, for the fum of 10,000 Rhenißj
guilders : but Albert bilLop of Minden, in refentment of this fale, which
had been tranfadled without his knowledge, declared the Counts to have
forfeited their half of the town of JVunßorf, and likewife of the caftle of
Blutnenau, which they had hitherto held as a fief of his fee, and conferred
them on William the ViäoriGus, Duke of Brunficick and Lüneburg, and
his fon, under the fame tenure as they had been held by the Counts.
Immediately upon this Duke William purchafed the biftiop of Hildiß:eim\
claims to Wunßorf, for the fum of 10,850 Rbenißi guilders. In 1447 the
lame Prince made a compact with the fee of Minden for himfelf, fons, and
defcendants, by virtue of which, one halfof the town o'i Wunßorf, with the
caftle of Blumenau, and all the eftates acquired by the Duke, were for
ever to remain as the hereditary property of hitnfelf, iftue, and pofterityj
befides which it was further ftipulated that the Dukes fhould receive,
as a fief of the (tQoi Minden, whatever had been manifeftlyand legally held,
or ought to have been io held by the Counts of Wunßorf, and their predeceftx)rs
; and that they fhould poffefs fuch fiefs jointly with them, and receive
and hold the hereditary inveftiture thereof. But in procefs of time all Wunßorf
czmo. to the Dukes oi Brunjwick-Luneburg, on which the feudal tenure
was fuperfeded. The male iftue of the Counts oi Wunßorf fz\\cA in 1533,
in the perfon of George, fon to the above-mentioned Count Ludolphus.
4. Pattenßn, ^xo^tx\y coWtA Pattenkaufen, a fmall town of one hundred
and fixty-three houfes, and five eftates entitling to a feat in the Diet.
This place is an appenage of the fuperintendency of the Neußadt-Hanover.
The penal jurifdiftion belonging to it is lodged in the bailiwick of G-7/i?:?-
berg. Pattenßn was anciently environed with walls, ramparts and moats 3
and a celebrated court ufed to be held here on the Horn without the town.
5. Eldagfen, originally and properly \^Titten Eldcigsba7(fe7j, a fnqall to^^^,
lying net far from the Aller, which at this place receives into it the little
river Gehle, after it has watered the town. Eldagfen confifts of two hundred
and eleven houfes belonging to freemen, with four eftates entitling
to a feat in the Diet. It was formerly furrounded with walls, befides
which it had alfo a rampart and a ditch. The magiftracy here pretend to
demonftrate, that exclufive of the civil, it likewife once held and exercifcd
the criminal jurifdldtion ; but the bailiwick of Calenberg arrogating to itfelf
the latter, a procefs is now depending on that head. This town anciently
conftituted a part of the county of Hallermund, and the Counts had even
a palace

296 GERMANY. [Calcnberg.
a paliice. here, from which ihe Bvrgplalz is fo called. In the records of
1282 and 1320 it is termed a Wcickbild or precindt, but in another of
1366 is ftiled a city. In the beginning of the fixteenth century the Hildclhcim
war gave occafion to its augmentation, the inhabitants of nine
neighbouring villages, which had been deftroyed, retreating thither, and
after fome time obtaining municipal privileges.
It has often fuffered by fire,
but in 1552 and 1626 a very fmall part of it only efcaped that calamity;
and no longer ago than 1742, one hundred and fix dvvelIii\g-houfes were
burnt down here, which caufed the upper-fuburb to be taken entirely
into the town, the main-ftreet to be widened, and all the houfes to be
rebuilt of an equal height.
As Eldtigjhi not only belonged to the Counts of Hal/ermund, but was likewife
their principal place in this country, an account of tliem cannot be
more properly introduced than here. The caftle of Hulkrmu7id, in ancient
records ftiled Halremunt^ was razed in 1435 by order of Duke IVilliam.
The name feems to fignify that it originally flood at the mouth of
the Hallcr, or at its influx into the Leine : but the caftle of Hallennund,
which was deftroyed as above, ftood on the Burgberge beyond the Steiger,
one hour's diftance weft of Eldagfen, towards the S/)ri?7ge. The ancient
line of the Counts of Hallennund failing in the twelfth century, in the
perfons of Burchard, Ludolpbus and Willebrand, fons to Willebrand the Elder;
Ludolpbus, fon to their fifter Adelheida, whofe husband is not known, became
the founder of the modern Counts of Hallermund, and on his deceafe
in 1255 was interred with his mother in the zhhey of Lockum. In
J 282 Count Gerhard of Hallernmnd fold his caftle of Halkrmund, with
one half of its allodial eftates to Duke Otho the Severe ; and in 1366 the
Counts Henry, Gerhard, and Ludolphus, difpofed of their fliare in the county
of Hallennund, both as to property and feoffment, to William and Lewis
Dukes of Brunfwick and Lüneburg : that is to fay, one half of Halierfpringe,
one-fourth of the town of Eldagfe?i, the Gehgericht at the Horßy
Siebter, and Spelbrink, the verdurerftiip over Ojlerforejl, and other particulars.
This fale was ratified by their uncles, the two brothers and Counts
Otho and Gerhard; but the Dukes gave them back the whole on a feudal
tenure, and there is füll in being a record of Duke Magnus avith the
Chain, bearing date in 1372, whereby he invt^s Henry and 0/Z;ö, Counts
of Hallermund, with his town o^ Eldagfen, Hallerjpri?2ge, and the county
of Hallermund, by which means it appears firft to have come to the principality
of Lüneburg, though fince that time it has been incorporated with
the principality of Calenberg. In the beginning of the fifteenth century
the Hallermund Yme became extind in the Counts Otho and Willebrand, on
which the county efcheated to the Dukes of Brwijwick-Luneburg, as
Lords of the fief; though Count Otho was extremely defirous of transferring
it to his fifter, who was married to Philip Count of Spiegelberg. To
the

Calenbcrg.] GERMANY. 297
the title and arms of the county o^ Hallermund, with its feat and vote in
the Imperial and circular Diets, came to the Counts of Plate, has been
(hown under the lower Rbenifb circle of JVeßphalia, Vol. I. part 3.
II. The abbies, namely
1. The abbey of Lockum, anciently called Lticka, and in Latin, Ahbatta
Luccenjis, which was founded in 1163, by Count Willebrand of
Hallermtmd, for Cijhrcian Monks; but at the Reformation became Lutheran.
It confids at prefent of an abbot, a prior, three conventuals, a
preacher, a reclor for the fchool, aud a few hofpitallers. The abbot of
it is the firfl prelate, flate and provincial counfellor of the principality of
Calenberg, and ufually refides at the Lockumhofy in the Altßadt Hanover,
To the abbey itfelf belongs
The village of Lockum, adjoining to it.
Wiedenfahl, a town, containing one parifli-church.
The villages of Miinchenbagen and Winzlar.
A manfion-houfe in the Altßadt at Hanover; another at Colenfeld, in the
bailiwick oiBlumenau-, and a third at. Hamelfpringe, in the bailiwick of
Lauenau. It has alfo tythed barns at Hnpede, RickUngen, and Linderte.
2. The abbey oi JVunßorf, fituate in the town of that name, which
has been already defcribed. This abbey was founded in 870, by Thierry
bilhop of Minden, in honour of St. Coßnas and Damian. It is of the Lutheran
religion, and forms one of the States. Its conftitution confifts of an
abbefs and four conventualifls, who muft all be of noble birth. It has
alfo feveral canons, the fenior of whom is fuperintendent of Wunßorf.
III. Of the convents, which are
1. Marienrode, anciently called Betßngerode, and alfo Backejirode, In
Latiriy Novalis beatee Maria Virginity a convent of Roman-czthoXxok.
Monks, lying half a German mile from Hildeß^eim, and founded in 11 23
for regular canons of the order of %i. Aiigtßine. In 1259 tlie abbot of
Ifenhagen was removed thither, together with his convent of Cißercians,
the Augußine Monks, and the nuns of this convent, being expelled for
their immoralities. It confills of an abbot, nineteen patres, and fuc brothers.
Its abbot is one of the States of Caknherg. Every new abbot is
collated in the Sovereign's name, by an ecclefiaftical and lay commiilioner,
who are both to be Lutherans, and thefe having, at the altar, declared the
Sovereign's confirmation, he takes the ufual oath. Neuenhof i^rm belongs
to the convent ; beiides which it has alfo a munfion-houfe in the Altßadt
at Hanover.
2. Marienße, \n Latin, Lacus S.Maria, a Zz/Z^e'r/z/i convent for'Jadies,
iltuated on the Leine, and containing one abbefs, with twelve conventualifls.
This convent was founded by Count Bernard Welpho, in 121^»
under the name of Catejihaufen, The handfome flone dweliing-houfe here
was built in 1726 and 1727. Maricnfee is alfo a State of the principality,
and pofTefTed of the Vorburg.
Vol. VI. Q_ q 3. Marien^

.;2
98 GERMANY, [Calenbcrg.
"i,. MariaiivcrJer, formerly called only Werder, a Lutheran convent,
fituated on the Leinc, and containing an abbefs, with eleven conventualiiis,
in whom nobility of birth is not required. Count Conrad oi Roden founded
this convent in i 114, but it was not finiHied and properly eftablidied till
xindcr his fon of the fame name. Marienwerder z\(o is a State ot the principality.
4. Wenn'igjen^ a Lutheran convent of ladies, inftituted for an abbefs and
eleven conventualifls. This convent likewife forms one of the States ;
and to it belongs the parochial-village of JVennigJerit in which alfo it is
poflTefled
of the lower jurildidion.
5. Barfinghaujcn, a Lutheran convent for ladies, confifting of an abbefs
and ten conventualifls. This convent lies below the Deißer, and forms
likewife one of the States. It was not founded, as is generally faid, in
tlie year 1203, by Widekind Count of Siaalenberg, having exifted even in
the twelfth century, as a nunnery of Augußines. To it belong the villages
-of Barßngbüufcn., with a parifh-church ; Altenhoj and Nienßedt, in
v\hich alfo it is poffcfTed of the lower jurifdidlion.
6. Wulßnghaulcn, a Lutheran convent for ladies, under the diredlion of
an abbefs and eleven conventualifls. This convent was founded in 1235,
and is one of the States. Bahrcnhurg wood is fo called from a cafUe near
it of that name.
IV. Bailiwicks fubjedt to the Sovereign's treafury.
1. The bailiwick of Calenberg, is four German miles in length, and
three broad, extending as far as Hanover. Exclufive of a part of Z)i?//?^r
forefl:, in it alfo are the woody mountains of Lz^^i?, Benfh, Gehrde, Schulenburg
and Limberg. The other parts here arc level, and, excepting that part bordering
on Deißer, every where fruitful. The culture of grain and flax is
the principal occupation of the inhabitants ; which renders the grafery
here of little confideration. The Leine, in its ccurfe along the eaft-fide
of it, is joined v\tzx Wulfingen by the Haller. In the whole bailiwick is
one town and fixty villages. It is divided
1. Into the amts-diftricl, confifling of
a. The Haufvogtey or Vordorfem, with the vogtey of Kojzing. In them lies
Calenberg houfe, which gave name to the principality. This houfe wa&
once the Prince's reiidence, but is at prefent the bailiwick-feat.
"Jeinfen, a parochial-village, containing a fuperintendency.
Sdmlenbiirg, a parochial-village, having an eflate which qualifies to a
feat in the Diet. Rofzivg, alfo parochial ; but of which, only a part is fubjed
to this diflriifl ; with fix other villages.
b. The vogtey .of Aaerijen, containing
Adcfißn, a parochial-village, v/hich formerly belonged to the Lords of
Adenoys, whofc male iflue became extindl: about the year 1331, but theic
eftates defcended by marriage to the Counts of Hailenmmd.
Hji!erbu7'g, a village, fituated on the Hd/Icr, and Vv'hich once formed
a part of the county of Hallermimd, Widßngen^

Calenberg.]
GERMANY,
Wulßingeti, a parochial-village, having a manor, to which is annexed
the lower jurifdidlion.
Five other villages, among which is Wittenhurg.
c. The Gohes of Geflorff and Patten, containing ten villages. Among
thefe is Gejiorff, with fix manors, admitting to a feat in the Diet. Hupede
and Bennigjcn, each containing a manor qualifying to fit in the Diet, with
Holt €71fen,
which are all parochial.
2. The Gebrde Gohe, to whicia belongs
a. The vogtey oi Ronnenberg, containing
Koiinenberg-, a parochial village, having a fuperintendency.
Wettbergen, alfo a parochial-vilLige, with a manor in it, admitting to a
feat in the Diet.
Ricklingen, a village, containing a trinor admitting to the Diet, and which
muft not be confounded with another place of the like name ; and three
other villages.
299
b. The Gehrdai vogtey, in which are five villages : that of Lenthe is
parochial, and in it are two manors admitting to a feat in the Diet.
c. The Bonnigfen vogtey, confiding of ten villages. Among them is
heveße, containing a manor admitting to the Diet ; together with Kirch'
dorf and Wennigj'en, the laft of which is the feat of the above-mentionedconvent,
all parochial.
d. The vogtey of Goiter, confifting of thirteen villages, among which
Great-Goltern and Landringhmifen, each containing a manor qualifying
for the Diet ; together with Hohenboßel and Barfinghaitjen, in the latter of
which lies the above-mentioned convent ; are all parochial.
Gehrden, a town, containing a parifh-church, with a manor, and the
3.
eflate oi Franzburg, which qualifies to the Diet.
4. The bailiwick is likewile poflefled of the criminal jurifdiflion in the
two little towns of Pattenfen and Eldagfen, as has been already mentioned
in our account of them.
2. The bailiwick of Wittenbiirg, fituated at a fmall diflance from Rbre^
a town lying within the diocefe of Hildeß.vim, and formed out of a fequeftrated
convent, but having no villages belonging to it. The bailiwickhoufe
lies in the village of Wittenburg, which has been mentioned above
under the Adenfe vogtey, in conjunftion with the bailiwick of Gz/e^^/^frg-.
3. The bailiwick o{ Coldingen, lying on the Leine, and being two German
miles in length, though only one and a half broad. This bailiwick
reaches to the Altfladt Hanover. The variety of the foil in it caufes a difterence
alfo in the occupations of the inhabitants. Thofe who live in
the fertile parts, apply themfelves to agriculture ; but to fuch as refide in a
fandy foil, grafing turns to a better account. The Brunjioick Gohe owes a
great part of its fubfiftence to the breweries here ; and the people living in
the garden-grounds without Hanover are either gardners
or dav labourers.
Q q 'On
2

.
300 GERMANY. [Calcnberg.
On the borders of Bur^ii-^cJcI, an Amffoogtey belonging to Lüneburg, is a
moor affording turf, but fuel it enjoys in no great plenty.
Coldingen bailiwick-hourc Hands on the Lerne, one GeTman mile and
a quarter from Hi'.nover, and about a quarter of a mile from Vattenjen.
Formerly there was a feat at this place called Lauenburg. The bailiwick
confifts
1 Of the old Coldingen villages, which are divided into three yogteys,
namely
a. The Grajdorff vogtey, including the village of Grafzdorf, which is
parochial, and on account of its right of hunting and fuch other privileges,
ftiled a free village ; together with Retben, a manor admitting
to
the Diet.
b. Kirchrcder vogtey, containing
The parochial-village of Kirchrode, with three other villages.
The Gartengemeine, in which are comprehended all the houfes in the
gardens without St. Giles\ gate, in the Altßadt Hanover, as a'ifo thofe
along the Schiffgraben, which at this plage forms the boundary of the
Coldingen and Langeiihagen bailiwicks : with
About one-fourth of the /Egidien Nenßadt, or Neuengrabem, near the
Altßadt Hanover,
c. The vogtey of Mulnnger, containing under it the parochial-villages
of Mällingen and Wajjel.
2. Of the Calenberg villages, which in 1653 were detached from the
bailiwick of Calenberg, and added to that of Coldingen. Thefe form
two vogteys.
a. The vogtey of Hiddeßoj'ff' contains under it the parochial-villages of
Hiddeßorff and Wilkenburg, each of which has a manor qualifying to
a feat in the Diet ; together with the village of Reden, alfo containing a
like manor, belonging to the noble family of that name ; and three other
villages,
b. The vogtey o^ Ihm, including five villages.
3. Of the Brunfivick Gohe, which once formed a part of the Luiiebiirg
Amtfvogtey of Ilten^ but was feparated therefrom in the year 1675, and
incorporated with the bailiwick of Coldingen. In this Gohe lies the village
o^ Dohren, which is parochial, together with Wulfel and Laatzcn, both
fliled free villages, on account of their privileges, among which is that
of hunting.
4. The bailiwick of Langenhagen, alfo bordering on the Altßadt Hanover,
and containing fix vogteys : viz.
1. The vogtey of Langenhagen, which is divided into five places. In
the lilrchheuerfchaft, in this vogtey, lies the bailiwick-houfe, with a parochial-church,
and two manors admitting to the Diet.
2. The vogtey of Ohrte, confining of five villages.
1. The

Calenberg.] GERMANY. 301
3. The vogtey of Eotfjfeld, confining of five villages, among which
Bothfeldis parochial.
4. The vogtey oi Engelboßcl, containing eight villages, oi vv\\\c\\ Engelbojiel
and Stocken are both parochial. In the latter is an eftate qualifying
for the Diet.
5. The vogtey of Voremvalde, including under it, exclufive of the village
of Voreniualde, the parochial-village of Heinholz, and three other
places : namely
a. The gardens and fummer-houfes lying before the Stone-gate at the
Altßadt at Hanover.
b. Mon Brillajit, a feat of the Eledor's, at prefent falling to decay.
c. Herrenhaujai, a fplendid feat of the Elector's, with a delightful avenue
leading to it from the Stone-gate of the Altßadt at Hanover. This
feat is particularly remarkable for ajef d'eau of very uncommon height
near it, as alfo for its green houfe, which is embelliflied with Roman
buftos in marble and brafs, its gaiiery, and the theatre in the garden,
5. The bailiwick of Rlcklingen, fituated on the Leine, and being about
one German mile and a half in length, and as much broad. This bailiwick
confifts of marlli Lmd, champaign, and fandy ground. The principal
occupation of its inhabitants is grafery ; and to it belong nine villages,
of which the principal are
Ricklingen, a parochial-village, containing the bailiwick-feat or houfe,
and formerly belonging to the Lords of Ricklingen, from whom it paOed
to the Counts of Roden, and after them to the family of Mandelßoh. About
one-fourth of an hour's diftance from the feat, under a canopy fupported
by four pillars, ftands a ftone monument, ereded to Duke Albert of Saxony,
who, in 1385, befieging the caftle of Ricklingen, had his leg fhattered
by a (tone thrown by the befieged, and died of the contufion. This
monument rn 16 17 and 1722 was by the Sovereign's order repaired and
improved. The Mandelßobs, whom the Duke was at that time befieging
in the caflle, had revolted againft him, and committed all kinds of outrages,
which probably gave rife to the faying in this country, that I'ou are
not yet maßer of Ricklingen.
Ojlerwald,
a parochial-village.
6. The Nei/ßadt bailiwick, fituated on both fides the Lehe. This bailiwick
is four German miles in length, and two broad. Of the Steinbilder
Meer, only that fide bordering on the bailiwick belongs to it. The
other appertains to the county of Sehe uenburg, in the "Lipfe ßiare ; but the
Counts of Schaiienbiirg-Lippe hold it as a fief from the Eiedor of Briinfwick-Lüneburg,
on account of the principality of Calenberg. The Alpe,
which rifes in this bailiwick, paflcs into the principality of Lüneburg, and
zi Rethempm?. ihe. Aller. Along the Leine is good corn land and pafturage.
The Alpe is bordered with large beech trees and willows. The
o:her

302 GERMANY. [Calenberg.
other parts in it are, champaign, and here and there are fomc very fertile
fpots. It has alfo large moors aftbrciing great quantities of turf, which are
conveyed by means of a canal into the Leine, which canal was finifl^ed in
J 754, and are thence exported to Hanover and other places on that
river. The principal fubfiftence of its inhabitants arifes from grain and
flax,
as ahb Irotn graiery, there being a great trade for cattle carried on here.
It has been obferved above under the town of Wmißorf, that the criminal
jurifdidion ofthat place is lodged in this bailiwick. To it further belongs
1. Neujladt am Rubcnberge^ a fmall town fituated on the heine, which,
a little way out of the town, divides itfelf into two branches. Over the
main-flream is a ftone-bridge of three arches, and over the fide-ftream or
Scbiffkanal is thrown another of two. For the conveniency alfo of fhipjng
a line free-ftone lluice has been built on the Leine. On the hill from
.which the town obtains its furname, is an old caftle, which from its
ftrength was formerly called Landeßroß or the country % comfort, but in
1675 this caftle was difmantled, and at prefent is the feat of the bailiwick-office.
Here is alfo a luperintendency. Neußadt has been often deilroyed
by fire. The lad conflagration by which it fuffered was in 1 727.
Without the Leine gate a new-ftreet is building. The town once belonged
to the Counts of Welpe, who from the date of feveral inftruments appear
to have frequently refided here, and Count Bernhard Welpe, in the
foundation-charter of the convent of Marienfee, grants to it a mill at
Neußadt.
2. The vogtey of Bafe, confifting of ten villages, among which Bajfe
and Bordenaii are both parochial, and the latter has alio a manor intitling
to the Diet.
Meckknhorß and Scbar?ihorß are two demefne farms belonging
to this vogtey, together with Hachland a fheep-houfe. Thefe are all at
prefent farmed out for the lum of two thoufand five hundred rixdollars.
3. The vogtey of Mandelßok, confifling of fixteen villages, among
which thofe moli worthy notice are,
JVieck Mandelßok or Mandelßoh in der Wieck, and Mandelßoh iibcrn See, two
villages, of which the former contains a parochial-church, and has two
fairs yearly, and in both are fix eftates qualifying for the Diet. The latter
owes its name to the frequent inundadons of the Leine in winter, when
the meadows and paftures are laid under water, and thus form the
appearance of a lake.
Marien fee, a parochial-village, in which is the above-mentioned convent.
The parochial-village of Duenfen, containing an eftate qualifying for the
Diet, and belonging hereditarily to the convent of Marienfee; together
with the village of Heißorf
4. The vogtey of Stocken, containing fix villages. The village oi Stocken
is parochial, and has a yearly fair, with a farm in it belonging to the
Sovereign.
The

Calenberg.] GERMANY. 303
5. The vogtey of Rodeivald conßfting of three villages, among which
RodewalJ, having a yearly fair, and Suderbruch, are both parochial. This
vogtey formerly belonged to the county oi Welpe.
7. The bailiwick of Rehburg, which as well as the preceding, borders
on the Steinhuder Meer, the outlet of which, called the Moorbad^ after a
courfe of one full German mile through the bailiwick, runs into the Wejer .
at NicJiburg. This bailiwick is two German miles in length and one
broad, the foil generally fandy or moorilli, excepting one fmall tradl of
good clay land on the borders of the county of Schaiienburg. The inhabitants,
exclufive of grain and flax, cultivate alfo great quantities of hop?.
Two whole villages here fubfin: entirely by grafery. In it are large woods
of oak and beech, which both of themfelves and by means of their maftage
for fwine bring in great profits. Exclufive too of turf mcors the Rckburg
and Lockum hills yield good pit-coal, though in no great abundance.
Clofe by the former and on the borders of Schaiienburg, in the abovementioned
fertile fpot is a medicinal fpring, with feveral buildings near it.
The bailiwick itfelt belonged once to the county of Welpe. In it is
Rebburg, a fmall town of one hundred and feventy-ieven houfes, near
v/hich lies the bailiwick-houfe.
The village oi Schneeren, v.'hich is parochial, together with .that of
Mardorf.
8. The bailiwick of WeJpe or Wolpe, wliich is about three Germaii miles
in length and as many broad, and full of moors and woods, both of great
utility to it. The principal occupation of its inhabitants is grafery. The
ancient Counts oi Welpe or (as they are ftiled in the records de Welipe, of
Wilipa, Welepa, and JVtlepa, fiift occur in the beginning ot the twelfth
century. The moft celebrafed among them was Count Bernhard, a
faithful adherent to Duke Henry the Lion and his family, and who in 121 9
founded the convent of Marienfee. Befides this bailiwick the county of
Welpe, alfo formerly included the bailiwick oi Rehbiirg, with the vogtey of
Rodenwald, the town of Neußadt on the Rubenberg, the caftle of Ottersberg,
in the Dutchy of Bremen, with other places and eftates. The Counts alfo
were poflefled of the jurifdidion of Wahroae as an arrier fief of the Dukes
of Briivfväick. Otho the Se'-oere, Duke of Brunfvjick and Lüneburg, was in
pofTeffion of this county fo early as the year !326. Exclufive of the bailiwick-houfe
of Wolpe, and the adjacent buildings, to it belongs
Erichß^agen, a town united with the parifh of Holtorf.
The parochial villages of Holtorf, Hemßn, Steimbke, Huftmi and Hagcn,
with twenty other villages.
9. The bailiv/ick of Blimenau, fituated on the Leine, and containing
Blumenau, the bailiwick-lioufe, lying on the ylue, which at a Imail
diftance from this place difcharges itfelf into the Leine. Of the ancient
caftle here mention has been already made under the criuntv of Wunßorf.
5
'
The

304 GERMANY. [Calenberg.
The vogtey of Ahlem, containing feven villages, among which is more
particularly
Limmer, a parochial-village feated on an eminence near the Leine.
This place preferves the memory of the old caftle of Limmer or Lember
and its Counts,
3. The vogtey of Cohknfeldy including the i^arochial-village of that
name, together with Cromboßel.
4. The \ Q^\.Q.y oi Great-Munzel, confifting of f^ht villages, particularly
of Great-Munzel, (in which is a manor qualifying f - -- the Diet) Kirchwehren
and Stemmen (in the latter of which likewife is a manor qualifying for
the Diet) all three parochial.
5. The vogtey of Luthe, to which belongs the parochial-village of
that name.
6. The vogtey of Seelze confifling of five villages. Among thefe
Seelze is parochial and contains a mannor qualifying for the Diet. In the
road fronting it (lands a fquare pyramid, which from the infcription, appears
to have been erefled in memory of a 'Daniß^ Lieutenant general named
Obentraut ^ who on the twenty-fifth of Oöiober 1625 loft his life in a
battle at this place. Deenfen alfo is parochial.
V. Noblemens courts.
1. The jurifdidlion of Linden, belonging to the Counts Plate of Hallertnund,
confifts of the old and new village of Linden. The former of
thefe is parochial, the latter lies juft before the Neußadt at Hanover, and
contains feveral large and beautiful buildings.
2. The jurifdidion of Rofzittg, belonging to the family of that name,
and comprehending under it the greateft part of the parochial-village of
Rojzifig, in which is an eftate qualifying for the Diet.
3. The jurifdidion of Bredenbeck, belonging to Baron Knigge, and containing
under it the village of Bredenbeck, in which are two eftates qualifying
for the Diet.
4. The jurifdidion of Bemerode, feated in a village of the like name,
one fourth of which belongs to Baron Steinberg, one half to the Grtfeme-
Jen family, and the other fourth to the magiftracy of the Altßadt at
Hanover.
II. The HAMELN and LAUENAU Quarter,
Containing three towns, ten boroughs, one deanery, one hundred and
twenty-eight villages, and one hundred and fixty-four eftates qualifying
for the Diet, which 'collcdlively pay a Ritterßeuer or nobility-tax of one
hundred and ninety rixdollars, twenty-one kruitzers.
I. In the ü?»Z6'//z quarter are
1. The following towns holding, of the chancery : viz.
I. Hameln, in ancient times frequently termed ^tern, or Miihlen-
Hameln,

Calenberg.] G E R M A N T. 305
I. Hameln^ a town and fortification, reckoned the' fourth among the large
towns of the principality of Calenberg. Hameln lies in a fine country on
the Wefer^ which waflies it to the weft, and over it is a bridge of nine
wooden arches, fupported by pillars of flone. The Wefer al7o forms a
fmall illand at this place ; and for the further conveniency of {hipping,
hereis an admirable fluice, finiflied in 1734, under the direflion of the
Baron Munchhaufen, at the expence of 80,000 rixdollars. The Hamcl,
whence the town obtains its name, runs into the town moats at the
mill-gate, and continuing its courfe round the walls, behind the Thie mill,
difcharges itfelf into the Wefer. In the town, exclufive of fix hundred
burgher-houfes, are alfo fifty ecclefiaftical and other fplendid edifices. Its
abbey (hall be treated of beneath, under a feparate article. Though the
whole town conftitutes but one pariih, yet it contains two churches,-
namely the minder and market church. Near the former lies the Latin
free-fchool ; and at the eaft-gate is a hofpltal and poor-hcufe, ereöed in
1728. In the year 1712 its church alfo was inlarged for the ufe of the
garrifon. The church of the French Calvinifls here was built in 1690,
on the fite of two houfes. The i^ow^//-catholics once a quarter perform
divine worfliip in a houfe hired for that purpofe. Under the townhoufe
is excellent cellarage. The barracks afi:ord lodgings for a Vv'hole
battalion. At Hameln likewife is a manor qualifying for the Diet. The
magiftracy is poflefled of the civil and criminal jurifdidion. The latter,
together with the foreft-courts, right of venery, and Achtiverken^ is held
by them as a fief from the fee of Fulda ; but the mintage, together with
certain forefts here, as alfo the ferry and the police, are held of the chapter
of this place. The patronage of the market-church belongs wholly to
the magiftracy, but in that of the minfler, the abbey is likewife poiTelTed
of a fl^iare. The town judicature, introduced by their ^^v\z\tnl Advocati^ is
lodged in the city judge or vogt. At Hameln are woollen, filk and flocking
manufadturers, with lenther dreffeis. It exports alfo great quantities
of thread and linen. The town owes its foundation to the abbey, and is
compofed of feveral villages, to which are owing its extenfive boundaries,
its many woods, and the jurifdidion throughout its whole fovereignty.
It is probable that it exifted in the eleventh century, as in a record of
1 109, thQ Et}tberns, who were two brothers, flile themfeives cives Ha-
7nel{e?ifes
; and in the twelfth century it had a particular magiftracy of its
own. Among the burghery alfo were patricii znd gefiflemcn. The abbot
of Fii/da was once poffefl'ed of the fovereignty over it, together with tiie
criminal and foreft jurifdidion. The prior of the abbey held the mintage,
road-money and police; and the Counts of Eberßein, as protedors of the
abbey, enjoyed the tolls and lower jurifdidion. The town-council prevailed
on the two firft to invcft them with their rights, and the latter admitted
them alfo into ibme ffiare of theirs. In 1259 Henry abbot of
'
Vol. VI.
Fidda
R r

;
3o6 GERMANY. [Calenberg.
TuUa fold the town, together with the infeofFment of the patronage, to
Wedekind birtiop of Minden ; but in this fale neither the burghers nor the
Count of Eberjicin acquiefced. On this the bifliop of Minden prepared to
compel the burghers to compliance, who on their part alfo marched out
in a body againft him, but were defeated near Sedemunde with great
flaughtcr. This event is ufually placed in the year 126 1, but by M. Scheidt
is fixed in 1259, and as the reverend M.:. Feins with great probability
tonie^iureSj gave rile to the fable of the going out of the children of Hameln,
which was invented in the fifteenth century. It is falfly aflerted that fome
memorials of it are to be feen in the town records. In 1260 the bifhop
of Minden made over one half of the town, in fuch manner as he had purchafed
it from the abbey of Fulda, to Albert and 'John, Dukes of Brunfwicli
and Lüneburg. In 1265 an agreement pafled between the aforeiiiid
prelate, on the one fide, and the Count of Eberßein and town of
Hameln on the other, that the two latter fliould put the biOiop in
pofTefTion, and acknowledge him as Sovereign and Lord of the territory
but the homage was to be deferred till the billiops of Cullen and Munßer^
who were chofen arbitrators, had decided whether it fhould be paid to
the bliliop or count : and that the town (liould not come under the Brunf-
•wick government. This agreement, however, was of fliort duratiort,
and at length the Counts oi Eberßein were obliged to part vi'ith their
patronage, and all prerogatives in the town, to Albert Duke oi Brunjwickt
whom the burghers alfo acknowledged for their Sovereign, and who compelled
the bifliop of Minden to renounce all claim to Hameln and the abbey,
though leaving him pofl'eficd of the ecclefiaftical jurifdidion. In
1277 Duke Albert confirmed the town in its privileges, and in 1279
Duke Henry the Admirable conferred the like favour on it ; but he alfo
mortgaged it to Otho the Severe, Duke oi Liineburg. Duke Ernejl his fon,
however, redeemed it in 1334. In 1372 Duke Albert mortgaged it to
"Otho Count of Schaiienburg, of whom the Dukes Be7-7jhard and Hetiry
acquired it in 1407, by redemption. In 1433 the Dukes Otho and Frederick
mortgaged the town, together with the right of hom.age, the county
oi Eberßein, and the lordfliip oi Homburg, for the fum of 30,000 florins,
to the bifliopric of Hildejleim, on condition however that Hameln and
Eberßein houfe Ihould be redeemable for 2000 florins. In the Hildeßjeim
war, and the year 1521, Duke Erich the Elder iook entire pofTefTion of
the town ; but Duke Erich the Tcunger beflovved many marks of clemency
on it, and in 1554 reinftated it in its polity : on his deceafe it devolved
to the elder line of Woljenbuttel. In 1625 it was firft bcfiegcd by
the Danes, and on their departure, taken by capitulation by the Imperialißs,
v/ho continued there till the year 1633, to the great oppreffion
of the place ; and in 1630 again put the bifliop oi Hildeß:eim in pofTeftion
cf one half of the-town, which had been mortgaged to him j but this
mortgage

GERMAN Calenberg.] T.
mortgage being, as we have before obferved, redc^rm-iblj for the fum of
2000 florins, the loyal burghers raifed the money, and paid it at the townhoufe
of Hililrßjcim, of which Duke Cbrijlian expreffid his grateful {q\\{q
307
to them; and in confideration of this their zeal, in 1631 granted to the
town the toll and police. In the fame year Duke Frederick Ulrich tranfferred
the town to Duke Cbrijlian of the Zell line,
to whofe reprefentacives
it did private homage. In 1633 the Imperial garrifon furrendered it to
Duke George, as general of the Swediß} forces. In 1643, by the peace
€>f Gozlar, it was reflored to tranquility, and began to recover itfelf, but
never could attain the profperity it enjoyed before the year 1625, In
1757 it was taken on capitulation by the French, who evacuated it again
the following year.
2. Bodenwerder, (in Latin, Bodonis Injula) one of the fmall towns of
the principality, lying on the Wefer, by which it is wholly furrounded,
its main ftream running on the eafl: of it, whilft a branch from it has been
carried round the weft-fide, and behind the mill on the north joins the
former. The fituation of this town among mountains, both on the other
lide of the Wejer and the above canal, expofes it, almoft every year, to the
innundations of that river. On the fouth-fide, where the Wefer is wideft,
formerly ftood a bridge, but, at prefent, it is paffed over by means of a
ferry ; whereas to the north, where it is narröweft, it has ftill a bridge.
In it are two hundred and thirty-eight houfes, and more particularly three
eftates qualifying for the Diet ; to one of which, namely that of Haak,
belongs the village of Buchbagen, lying on 'the other fide of the Wefer, in
the principality of ^'ö^d'«i^z

^08 GERMANY. [Calenberg
fundions of the religious here were difcontinued. The abbey is p&ff:i]ed
of the civil jurifdidion over its members, officers and curates, and occafionally
ahb holds a court, in conjundtion with the deputies of the towncouncil,
for the deciding of differences relative to the abbey tenants.
3. The demefne bailiwicks : •vix.
I. The bailiwick oi Spyingi\ being above two German miles and :. half
in length, and one and a half broad. This bailiwick is very hilly, but in
the levels and towards Hameln is a good clayey foil. The paftures here,
which may be laid under water, for which the greateft part of them are
very commodioufly fituated, are excellent. In it alfo are fome fine woods.
It is watered by the Deijler and Simiel, on the latter of which is found
good pit-coal ; and near it is a glafs-houie. In the Münder fuburb are
lalt-lprings, which turn to good account. The Haller h?s its fource near
Springe., and enters the bailiwick oi Calenberg. The Hamel comes from
the bailiwick of Laiicnau^ and after receiving in this country the little rivulets
of Altcnhagerhach, Steinbach, and Kempe, at Hameln joins the IVe/er,
en which lies Werbcrgen, a village of this bailiwick. Great quantities of
thread are fpun here, and wove in the bailiwicks of Erzen and Lachern.
Some villages likewife drive a good trade in potters ware. Under the
iurifdiäion of this bailiwick is
a. The town of Springe ; together with Salze^ a fuburb of Munder^ and
the Vordorjer.
Springe, formerly called Hallerfpringe^ from the fource of the Haller^
being near it, is at prefent a fmall open town, but was once walled, and
contains no lefs than two hundred and ten houfes. This place lies among
very high hills, and has good arable and pafture grounds. Its principal
trade confifts in the brewing of beer, particularly in that kind called
Broihan'^K In 1753 a large tradl in the Deißer, and the adjacent wood,
were conferred on ir, together with the foreft-jurifdidtion. Here are alfo
two eftates qualifying for the Diet. The town has a magiflracy of its
own, yet both in civil and criminal cafes is fubjedl to the bailiwick. It
formerly belonged to the Counts of Hallermimd. In a record of 1282,
in which Gerhard Count of Hallermund difpofes to Duke Otho the Severe,
of his feat of Hallermund, with one half of the allodial eflates belonging
to it, Halkrjpring, which he referves to himfelf, is termed only a villa.
Salze, a fuburb of the town of Miinder, confifls of feventy-one houfes,
with falt-fprings, the Joole of which boils into a very good fait. In the
town of Münder the bailiwick is polleirtd only of the criminal jurifdidtion.
The Vordorfer are the parochial-villages of Volkfen, with two manors
qualifying for the Diet, Alteyihagen and, the village of Ahejrcde. Between
Mtenhagen and Springe flood the village of Sedemmider, in which
the townfmen of Hameln fuffered the above-mentioned fevere defeat.
* A fort of beer made from wheat.
The

Galenberg.]
GERMANY.
b. The Gohe of Hameln^ confifting of fourteen villages, among which
Hachmuhlcn, Flegcjai, Holicufen, Greai-HilUgsJeld, and Afferde, are all
parochial. The iecond and third of thele are each poffeiTed of a manor
qualifying for the Diet. The village of Bentorf, though in the principality
of Wdjenbuttd, belongs to this bailiwick.
2. The bailiwick of Lnuenßciny being about three German miles in
length, and two broad. This bailiwick lies among mountains. In fojme
parts of it the foil is fertile, in others tolerable, and in fome quite bad.
It has fpacious woods, of which confiderablc advantage is made both by
the timber, fuel and maftage. At Salzhemmendorj is a fine falt-work ; and
at Oßerwaldey a coal-mine, with a glafs-houfe, which, by means of the pitcoal
here, makes a mod: beautiful glafs. The ftony matter manufadured
at Duingen is of a very good kind. Of the flax growing in this bailiwick,
are fpun great quantities of thread, which is wove into linen. The Sank,
which runs through this bailiwick, rifes at Cappellenhagen^ but firft obtains
that name at Walknjen^ where it receives into it feveral waters, and
a quarter of an hour below Elze^ in the diocefe of Hildeßxim, difcharges
itfelf into the heme. The bailiwick is divided into two border or di-
Itridls,
'viz.
a. The Niederbordcy containing three boroughs, thirteen villages, and
a farrn belonging to the Sovereign, with two manors. The moft remarkable
places in it
are
Lauevßein, in records of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries ftiled
hewenßen. It is the capital of this bailiwick, feated among hills and
rocks J
and above it are the remains of a cattle, which was once the refidence
of the Lords oi Homburg. At this place alfo is the bailiwick-houfe,
with the court of juftice, the council-houfe, a farm belonging to the Sovereign,
and a parochial-church. It confifts in all of eighty-three hcufes,
being improved fince the great fire of 1730. Formerly alfo it was environed
with a wall, and is now under the diredion of a magiftracy of its
own, though fubordinate to the bailivA'ick.
A little way without Laiienßc'tn is a place called the Damm, but the inhabitants
of it partake not of the privileges of the town. They chufe however
their own burgher-mafter j and the houfes here are about twenty-eight.
This borough anciently belonged to the Lords of Homburgs who had
their own caflellans at this place. In 1247 Henry of Homburg made
over the caftle, as a hef, to Duke Otho the Child; hnt on the failure of
the Homburg fam^y, it devolved to the houfe of Briinfwick-Luneburg.
Afterwards the caftle and bailiwick became for a long time mort

10 GERMANY. [Calcnbcrg.
to the ancient Counts of Spiegelbcrg, mentioned in the fii ft volume of this
third part, p. 362, but at prcfent all to be feen here is a mill, with a poorhoufe
and a chapel.
Eggerfen, a farm, fituated on the Saale, and belonging to the Sovereign.
This farm is alfo the dwelling of the principal ofiicer of the bailiwick.
Marienau, a village with a church, and formerly alfo containing an
Aiigiifiiiie convent.
The Emigrantmhaufcry or Refugee Jjcufes, being fix houfes built by
Salzbiirghcn.
Hanmendorf, a village, fituated on the Saale, and likewife once belonging
to the lordfliip of Homburg, In this village^are one hundred and fifteen
hüufes, with one parochial-church ; snd its magiftrate is of its own
choofing. Before the building of the provincial houfe in the Altßadt at
lJami\T, the States of Calenbcrg ufed to meet in the guild-hall of this
village.
OJlerivaU, a place feated on ^hill of the fame name, and inhabited by
colliers, who work in the adjacent mines, as alfo by perfons belonging to
the glafs houfes here, which are famous for their fine glafs.
Eynie, or Einem, containing feventy-one houfes, and a parochial-church.
Oldendorf, a parochial-village, fituated on the Saale, and confifling of
fixty-fix houfes. In its parilh likewife is included Benjiorf.
The parochial-villages of Eii^e-C;^ and Deijjjen, {aUo cdiWedi Dede}2fen) together
with Sehle, anciently named Sevelde, in which is a manor qualifying
for the Diet } and the village of Dorpe, noted for its manufadory of
a yellow earthen ware, and its black furniture for ftoves.
b. The Oberborde, containing under it three boroughs and ten villages,
the moft remarkable of which are
Salz-Hamnendorf, a borough, having a parochial-church, and three.
profitable fak-fprings, for the boiling of the foole of which here are twelve
houfes; three belonging to the Sovereign, and nine to the company. The
former burn coal, and the latter wood. This town enjoys its own magi-
Itracy, together with other confiderable rights and privileges granted to it
by King George II. in the year 1732.
Walkiißn, or Wallhaujen, a borough, having a parochial-church, and a
mao-iflracy of its own. Wallenjen was once a town fortified with walls
and moats, and had a peculiar charter granted it in 135 1, by Sigfrid
Lord of Ihmburg. In the years 1483, 1533, 1582 and 1617, it ^vas
deftroycd by fire. At this place the Saale firft receives its name, as being
joined by the falt-fprings iiTuing from a moor near Wayberge.
Duingen, alfo written Diiin, though more properly Dudingen, a borough,
having a parifli-church and magiftracy, with a farm called Papenkamp,
belonging to the Sovereign, This place derives great advantages
from its flone-ware, which is exported not only over all Germany, but like-
Marien-
wife to foreign countries.

Calenberg.] G E R M A N T. 311
Muricnhagfn and Il'ycijhaiifcn,
both parochial-villages.
3. The bailiwick or Otj'cn, being one German mile and a half in length,
and one broad. This bailiwick lies on the JVefer, which at this place receives
into it the Emmer. Its foil is fruitful, and produces all kinds of
grain and pulfe, exxept buck-wheat. The occupation of its inhabitants is
principally tillage and grafery ; as alfo fpinning and linen weaving. The
bailiwick itfelf beionged to the Counts of El>er/ie!f2. In the twelfth century
Count Albert mortgaged Ohfen houfe to the Counts of Spiegelberg,
whom William and Otho., Dukes of Briivfmck and Ltmeburg, are faid to
have deprived of it in 1422. Afterwards it was for fome time mortgaged
to the Munchhaiifens and others. The "oon Ohjefis, who frequently occur
in ancient records, were at firft caftellans, both under the Counts of Eber-
Jlein and thofe of Spiegelberg. The bailiwick-houfe here, formerly called
Ohfen feat, {lands on an ifland in the Wefer^ fronting the parochial-village
of that name, where is a ferry over the river. To this bailiwick likewife
belong four other villages, among which is Tiinder, a parochial-village,
with a large plain near it, very fit for an encampment.
4. The bailiwick oi Grolmde, lying in a vale on the PFe/'er, amidft hills and
woods, and confifting for the moft part of good corn land. Some villages
here abound alfo in too much pafture ground, while others are flraitened
in that refped:. The woods, of which here is a fufficiency, confill: of oaic
and beech. The We/er m this bailiwick receives into it the life, the Mubknbach,
and the Allerbach. The principal fubfiftence of its inhabitants is
agriculture, grafery, and more particularly the cultivation of flax, with
a thread and linen trade. The bailiwick once belonged to the Counts of
Eberßein. It comprehends under it a borough and nine villages, the moil:
remarkable of which are
Grohnde, a borough, fituated on the Wefer, over which it has a ferry.
At this place alfo is the bailiwick-houfe, with a farm annexed to it, and
a chapel, in which the miniftcr of Hagen officiates ; as likewife a land
and water toll. In the year 1421 (not 1^22) near this place was fought
a battle between William Duke of Bninfioick-Lnneburg, and Philip Count
of Spiegelberg^ and their refpedive confederates, in which engagement fell
Duke Albert of Saxony, who was a canon oi Hildeßmvz ; and to his memory
was erefted a n:one monument» which is ftill remaining, at the well
entrance into the place.
Borrie, a large village, divided into the Vpper and Lower-Borrie, each
of which has its parochial-church, and the former alfo a fuperintendency,,
with a yearly fair.
Frenke, a parochial-village, the lower jurifdidion of which is veiled
in the Schulenburgs of Hehlen alone, who are alfo pofießed of a fliare in
the penal.
Hayen J
a parochial-village.
5. The

312 GERMANY. [Calenberg.
5. The bailiwick of Polk, alfo lying on the Wefer, and confifting of
hills and a few vales, whence agriculture and grafery here turn, at befl:,
to no great account, but this is compenfated by the woods in it, whicii
occafion a very profitable trade ; as, befides the Wefer veffels which are
built at Ileinfcn,
large quantities of fliip-timber and other wood, arc carried
from hence to Bremen. Vablbruch parifh is noted for knit thread flockings,
which are bleached for exportation. Good lime is alfo made at Brevor-de.
This bailiwick likewife formerly belonged to the Counts of Eberßein.
In it is one borough, with five villages, and a mill. We floali take
notice of
Pc/A", a borough, feated on the Wefer. The bailiwick-houfe here
ftands on an eminence, and was formerly a caftle. Here is alfo a parifhchurch,
with two eftates qualifying for the Diet, and of which, in 1757,
one was made feudal. At Polle too is a ferry over the Wefer.
The parochial-villages of Heitfen, Pegejhtf, and Vablbruch.
6. The bailiwick of Erzen, being two German miles in length, and
as many broad. This bailiwick borders on the Wejer, which in it receives
the Emnier and Humme, the latter of which is increafed by the Griefe
and Be'oer. The greateft part of it is mountainous, with few levels. The
tillage here is inconfiderable, and its grafery lefs ; but the inhabitants derive
great advantages from their woods of oak and beech, as alfo from
their flax, thread, and linen. The bailiwick formerly belonged to the
Counts of Eberßein. It contains under it one borough, and twenty-two
villages, of which thofe moft worthy notice are
Erzen, otherwife called Ertelfzen and Arzen, a market-town, feated on
the Humme, and containing a church, which is parochial. In it alfo is the
bailiwick-houfe,
with one hundred and twenty-two freemen's houfes.
Schwobber, a manor qualifying for the Diet, and belonging to the family
of Munchbmfen. The garden here is celebrated for the admirable tafte
in which it is laid out. Its proprietor is patron of Erzen church, and is
likewife poffefled of the civil jurifdidion in the village of Grupenbagen,
which belongs to him.
Reher, a village, containing a brafs foundery and powder-.niill.
Great and Litfle-Berkei, both parochial-villages.
4. Jurildidions belonging to noblemen : namely,
1. The jurirdiaion of Limmer, appertaining to Count Kamecke, and
having its feat in the parochial-village oi Limmer, beyond a hill called
the Kulj,
and containing likewife an eftate qualifying for the Diet.
2. The jurifdidion of Dehnfen, fituated in the village of Debnfen or
Dahnfen, beyond the Kulf, and belonging to the Steinbergs of Brugge, and
the Bork of IVulfingen.
3. The jurifdidion of Banteln, belonging to the family of Bentiigfen,
and having its leat in the parochial- village oi Baiitehi. This jurifdidtion
contains a manor admitting to the Diet, with a manufadure of tapiftry.
4. The

Calenberg.] GERMANY. -^ti,
4. The jarifdidlon of Haßenbeck appertaining to the Redens, and having
its feat in the parochial-village oi Hcijtenbeck, which alfo contains a manor
qualifying for the Diet. In the year 1757 a fmart adion happened at this
place between the armies of Brunfwick and France^ which, contrarv to
expedlation, turned out to the advantage of the latter.
5. The jurifdidlion of Ohr belonging to the Hakens and fituated in the
village of Obr\ in which is a Diet manor.
6. The jurifdidion of Hamclfchcnhia-g^ belonging to the family of
Klenken, and having its feat in the parochial-village of Hameljchenburg on
the Efwner, containing a manor qualifying to the Diet. This jurifdidtion
belonged formerly to the Counts of Eberßeiti.
2. The Laiienau quarter confiding of certain bailiwicks, which, on the
cxtindlion of the lafl: Counts of Schauenburg, devolved to the houfe of
Brtwßvick-Lutieburg, under the defcription of which is to be found a more
particular account of each. In the year 1701 the States in this quarter
were incorporated with thofe of the Hamelen quarter of the principality of
Calenberg.
To them belongs
. I .The bailiwicl^ oi Laiienau, which is almofl: wholly furrounded by the two
hills called the Dcißer and Suntel, and is
waflies away the earth in it,
itfejf fo very hilly that the rain eafily
wherefore the inhabitants are under aneceflity
of replacing it in the fields, before they can be made to produce any thin"-.
In the year 1573 En'cb Duke' of Brutijwick and Luneburg conkxr&d this
bailiwick as a male fief on his fon-in-law Otho V, Count of Schauenburg, and
on the other hand the Count refigned to the Duke as fiefs his patrimonial
feats and eftates of Bokeloh and Meßnerode. Jobß Hermann Count oi Schauen^
burg-Holßein dying in 1635, and in 1640 the whole male line failing in
Otho VI. the laft Count of Schauenburg, the bailiwick of Lauenau with
Bokeloh and Meßnerode, became annexed to the principality of Calenberg.
The bailiwick contains under it
Lauenau, z market-town, having a parochial-church and fifty-three houfes
with two eftates qualifying for the Diet.
The parochial villages of Bakede, Bever and Linbeckhaufen, in the lafl:
of which is a manor qualifying for the Diet, together with Hulfede having
a like manor and Nettelrede.
Hatnelfpringe, a village, near which lies the fource of the Havel.
Luttriehaußn, a village, having a manor qualifying for the Diet, and
fourteen other villages.
2. The bailiwick of Bokeloh, the hiftory of which is already inferted in
the preceding bailiwick. The foil is pretty fertile in grain, but flill
more fo in flax, part of which is exported raw, and the remainder fpun
here to thread. This bailiwick confifts of the village of Bokeloh, in which
alfo it has its feat, together with Llenfen containing a p.iroclual-church.
Mcfmerode having a farni belonging to the Prince, and Litdc-Heydorn.
Vol. VI. S f 3. The

^
431 G E R M A N r, [Calenberg.
3. 1 he bailiwick of Lachern fituated on the Wejer. The levels here produce
grain and puHe, and the hills are covered with fpacious woods of
oak and beech. Its grafery alfo is not inconliderable, and here are likewife
woven great quantities of courfe linen for exportation to Bremen.
This bailiwick together with the town of Oldendorf, and the vogtey of
Visbeck were formerly mortgaged by the Counts of Wiinßorf io the Counts
of Schmienberg. In 1 573 an agreement was made between Erich Duke
of Briinju-ick and Lüneburg, and Otho V, Count of Schaiienbiirg, that this
eftate during the lives of any of the male branch of the Counts of Schauenburg,
fhould remain unredeemed, but on the failure of them, devolve to
the Dukes of Briivjhzick and Lüneburg, without paying the mortgage
money or any charge or coft whatever. On the extindlion of the
Schmienburg male line in the perfon of Otljo VI. Chrißian Lewis Duke of
Brunfwick and Liineburg, and Philip Couwioi Schaiie?iburg-Li^pe in conjunc
tion \v\\\-\ Amelia Elizabeth \ä.x\Äoxz.y\nt oiHeJfe Cajfel, entered in 1647 into a
compaä at Lauenau, that Bokeloh, Mejmerode and Laiienau fl:ould remain
annexed to the principality of Calenberg. The prefent bailiwick oi Lachern
was likewife added to it ; and on the other hand the town of Oldendorf
and the remainder of the vogtey s of Lachern and Visbeck, were annexed to
the Heßan part of the county of Schauenburg, though with a claufe, that,
on the failure of the male line of the Landgrave William, the whole Visbeck
vogtey, as it then flood, as alfo on the failure of the Rothenburg line,
the town of Oldendorf fliould defcend abfolutely and gratis, to the principality
of Calenberg: further that to this end the fubjeds of the faid town
and vogtey Ihculd do homage to the fovereign of the principality of
Calenberg, at the fame time as they did it to the landgrave of Hejfe. The
bailiwick confifls of two pariflies, each of which is fubdlvided into certain
communities of peafants, and the fe again into villages and fingle farms:
namely
1. The ^ä.nCho^ Hcmeringen, containing the Bauerfchaften oi HemeringeOy
and confilting of two villages, and three farms, with Dehrnkerkerbroek,
confifting of three villages, one farm and a manor qualifying for the Diet,
fituated in the village oi Poßeholz, Egge confifting of four villages and two
farms, Halverßorf oi four villages and one farm, and Kerkendorf having
its feat in the village of that name.
2. The parifli ot Lachemer, containing the two Bauerfchaften and villages
of Lachern, with Haverbeck, and Helpenßn a manor qualifying to the Diet.
III. The GoTTiNGEN Quarter,
Which is fituated apart from the others, and once conftituted a dirtindl
principality. From its lying louih alfo ot the great fcreüs oi Selling and Harz,
i: was ftiled the Furßentum Oberwald or principality beyond the foreß. In
it

Calenberg.] GERMANY. 315
it are eight towns, witli the like number of fecularifed convents, fifteen royal
bailiwicks, and eleven noblemen's jurifdidions, which faid bailiwicks and
jurifdi(ftions contain under them four market towns and one hundred and
feventy-nine villages. The manors here qualifying to the Diet, are forty-eight
in number and their affeflhient amounts to two hundred and fixty-three
rixdollars, thirty-three mgr. fixty pfennings. We fl:iall begin
I. With the two large and Kanzleyfajzige towns of the principality of
Calenberg, in this quarter ; namely
I. Gottingen., the chief of the four large towns of the principality of
Calenberg, fituated in a fpacious fertile and pleafant vale, along the water
called the New Z,^/«^, which is a canal drawn from the river ofthat name, the
town being about a hundred rods from it. This canal feparates the Old from
the Neiv /öicv/and the Maijch, beginning a full quarter of an hour's diftance
above the town, and at nearly the fame diftance below it returns again into
the real Leine. The ramparts round the town, which are about fix hundred
and ninety-fevcQ rods in circuit, command a delightful profped: of gardens
of all kinds, with meadows, fields and eminences, and would form a
mod delightful walk, were the ufelefs bread works on it removed, the
wall levelled and planted with lime trees, or rather for the promotion of
the culture of filk with white mulberry trees, a change which for the
advantage and recreation of the inhabitants, particularly of the univerfity,
were greatly tobe wiflied. The town itfelf confifts of upwards of one
thoufand honfes, and fince the ereftion of the univerfity has been fo embelliflied
with new buildings and the old fo repaired, that it is at prefent
one of the beft built towns in all Loiver Saxony, and for the fine free ftone
pavement on both fides of its ftreets, may be faid to have few equals, as
in the troublefome years of J757 and 1758 the French themfelves acknowledged.
In winter the ftreets are illuminated with lamps. In the town are five
parochial churches, among which the principal is that oi ^t.John, together
with an alms-houfe having a church and particular preacher of its own, as
alfo another for the Cahinijh. The Papifls here celebrate wo fliip in a
private houfe. The church of the Bare-footed friars is con\'erted into an
armoury. But the principal ornament and advantage oiGottiiigen is the univerfity
oi Georgia Augiißa founded in the year 1 734, by King George IL (inftea I
of the ancient Gyinnafium in the Pauline or Dominican convent, founded in
1586) and confecrated on thefeventeenthof ^V/'/tv/z/^^r 1737, which univerfity
by the inexprefiible attention, and care of its firft and prelent curator Baron
Miinchbaufcn has acquired a very diftinguilhed reputation, among and above
the other univerfities of Germany, and even throughout the whole republic
of letters. Belonging to it is a large fplendid church, which conftituted that
of the Paulines, with a peculiar paftor, and to it likewife belong a new
and ftately ftrudure of itone, the ground floor of which ferves as a hail
for public ledurcs, and that above is the library, with the council chamber
Sf2
a^d

oi6 GERMANY. [Calcnbcrg.
and other apartments. This library to which confulcrable additions are
every year made, if confidered with refpecfl to the number, goodnefs and
value of its books, is one of the moft capital libraries not only in Germany
but even in all Europe. It is called the Uw/owiTß«, having received its original
from a colledion of about 10,000 volumes, bequeathed by the late Baron
Bulow for the public ufe, and by his heirs given to the univerfity. A royal
fociety of fciences founded in 1 75 1, and a royal German fociety a!fo form part
of the univerfity ; and it has likewife a fine obfervatory, eredted on a tower
which ftands on the rampart not far from the Geifmar gziQ, together with an
cxquifite phyfic garden in a place called the Cafzpiihle^ and near it a handfome
anatomical theatre of ingenious conftrudlion j a fchocl for teaching midwifry ;
a Scminarhan fhikkgicuvi under the direction of the profeflbr of eloquence,
and an academy of exercifes on the Freudenberg. The orphan houfe here is
under the care of the faculty of divinity. Cofmography in general and the other
more particular parts of geography are taught here, under the very able profeffors
Franz, Mayer and Loiviiz, and the mechanical machine of the latter
reprefenting the celeftial and terreftrial globe is a moft amazing curiofity.
The Latin free-fchool here is under excellent regulations and governed by
eio-ht mafters. The town itfelf is the feat of a general fuperintendency over
the five particular fuperintendencies in the Gottmgen quarter, one of which
is annexed to the church of St. 'John and the city parifhe:, include alfo
twenty one country churches. That of cur Lady in the new town is a manfion
houfe of a commandery of the Tentonick order appertaining to the
jSrt.vwzgrand-mafter-fliip J
which alfo is proprietor of the holpital of the Holy
Ghoß, ereded on the fame piece of ground. At the Cahnberg Diets the cominander
fits and votes among the nobility. Along the Marfcb from the
New Leine to the town wall, runs a beautiful vifta of lime-trees. Of
its feveral curious manufaflures, and the large exportation of Gottingen
~Mettiourße * mention has been made above in the introdudion to the principality
of Calenberg. The adminiftration of jufliice for the town courts is
vefted in a judge and the magillracy. The former is nominated by the
Sovereign himfelf, but with reipeft to the latter the regency appoims the
burgher-mafter and the fyndic ; and for the other feats in the council the
magiflracy prefents certain perfons to the regency for their choice and
confirmation. The criminal court here is held by the judge alone in the
Sovereign's name, yet in criminal cafes the magiflracy may apprehend,
and two perfons deputed by them aflifi: at the penal court, of which the
town-clerk, likewile keeps the record.
Civil jurifdiction is jointlyadminiftercd
here by the judge and magiftracy. The territory belonging to the town confifls
of 7223 Morgens of land. On this territory to the weft of the town at
the influx of the Grone into the Leine, is an eminence called auf dem
Hagen, which is remarkable for having been the fite of Grone, an
* A kind of fuioked puddings, held in great efteem.
ancient

Calenberg.] GERMANY, 317
ancient imperial burg and palatine town, and the very firfl: of the SaxcM
emp'jrors, who after Otho the Great made it their principal refidence, and
a pfalzgrave v/as inveftcd with the fupreme jurifdidtion of it. In the year
929 the emperor Henry I. afllgned it as a dowery to his confort Matilda,
who conferred its chapel on the convent of Polde, but in 1146 the
emperor ConrardWl. Icttled it on the convent of FredeJIob, which fettlejnent
continued till the lupprefiion and fequeftration of its lands. At length
the imperial burg devolved to the town of Gottingen, which ufed to receive
it as a fief of the Emperor and empire, but of late has for fubftantial reafons
declined the acceptation of it. The town is alfo poflefled of confiderable
woods, meadows and paftures. To it likewife belong the villages of Roringen
and Herberhaiijen in the bailiwick of Harße, in which alfo it holds a
vogtcy court, and it is
likewife inverted by the Sovereign with burg Grone, and
the villages of Gro«^, Roßorf.,Ellerßiaiifen Holtefifen, 2.% 2X^0 \v\ih. the ertates
poflefled by the now extinö noble families of Bovent of Elliehatife?t together
with Menge}'ß:aiifen, Upper and Loiver-Jefa, and Kkinejifrhneen. The moft
early account of Gottingen, occurs in fome records of the Emperor Otho
the Great bearing date from the year 950 to 960, in which records
it is fl:iled Gutingi, and was only a village belonging to the ancertors of
Hermann Bilimg V>\\V.t of Saxony. Duke Henry the Lion, held this place as
a free inheritance, and from him it defcended to his Ion the Duke and
Pfaizgrave Henry. In an inflrument of partition of 1203 it is ftiled Gudingin,
but no town. It appears to have received its firft charter from the
Emperor Otho IV. towards the clofe of his reign, and in a record of Duke
Otho the Child of 1232, mention is made of the burgher-mafter and
burghers of Gotingen. The town afterwards became hereditarily fubjedl to
the Dukes of Bninfivick and Limebiirg, yet for fometime was of the
j^nfcatic confederacy, and foon after acquired great immunities. It was
once a fortrefs, and in 1641 held out a fiege againfl: the Aufirian army,
headed by the Archduke Leopold William. Formerly alfo it coined both
in gold and filver. In 1757 and 1758 it was for fometime in the hands of
the French.
1. Nordheim, a town of five hundred houfes fituated on the Ruhme,
which at this place divides irfelf into two branches. Of thefe one takes
its courfe by Mahlenthor, and the other by the Lazaretta. Over each of
them is a bridge of flone, and in this country the whole river runs into the
Leine, which below it waters the territory of Nordheim. Nordheim is the
third in order of the great towns of the principality of Calenberg. Of its
ancient abbey an account fliall be given among the fecularized convents. It
has only one parifli church, but contains likewife a grammar-fchool
and fome manufadures. It was eredtcd into a town in 1252 by Albert
the Great. The governor of the town holds the court, examines caufes
and manages trials, but the fentence is pronounced by the burghermafter
and

3i8 GERMANY, [Calenberg.
and council, without any concurrence of his. To them belonged the
village of llammenßedt as a fief of the fee o'i Paderborn, The neighbouring
country was formerly called the Rittega.
The ancient counts of Nordheim, and lords of Bomeneburg were defcended
from Count Hermann, who lived towards the clofe of the tenth century.-
Some hold him to have been a iovi. of Henry Duke of Bavaria,
brother to the Emperor Otbo the Great, on whom the faid Emperor conferred
all the country along the Werra on both fides the Wejer, as alfo the
tradl of land, in which lies Nordheim and Gottingen. Others again affirm
that Count Hermann was fon to Olho a Count of Salzgau, who lived about
the time of the Emperor Otho the Great. Her^nannh fon \vz% named Count
tSegfrid, who among other illue had Count Benno, whofe fon Otho alter
receiving the Dutchy of Bavaria from the Emperor Henry III. was forcibly
ftripiped of it, by the Emperor Henry IV. and died in 1083. In feveral
records this Prince is even ftiled Duke of Saxony, which has led Leibnitz to
fuppofe that the Dutchy of Saxofiy was at that time divided into two parts,
anti that Weßphalia and Engern, belonged to the Biliung family, but
Oßphalia to this houfe, and further that the dutchy of OJlphalia was
the fame with the Dutchy on the Wefer. Henry III. married Richenza
widow to Hermann Count oi JVerla. Of the fruits of this marriage we
fliall take notice only of his fons, Henry the Fat, Segfred and Cofjrad or
Cuno. The firfl: of thefe was Count of Nordheim, the fecond of Bomeneburg,
and the third of Beichlingen, Count Heftry the Fat marrying Gertrude
daughter to Egbert marggrave of Meißen brought to his houfe, the town
and country of Brunficick ; but in iioi he fell in a battle againft the
Frifins leaving behind him no male heirs ; neither had his brother Conrad
or Cu?io an}', but their brother Sigfrid Count of Bomeneburg (a title de-
'
rived from his caflle of Boineburg or Bomeneburg in Sontra a bailiwick of
'
Heßc) had indeed a fon of the fame name, but that fon died , in 1
144,
without any iiiale ilTue. Richenza daughter to Count Henry the Thick, in the
heoinning of the twelfth century married Lothario of ^erfurt Count of
SuppHngburg, and afterv/ards Duke of Saxony and Emperor, by which marriage
he acquired the large countries of Nordheim and Brunjwick or the
Dutchy on the Wejer, which by Gertrude their daughter came to her
husband Henry the Magnanimous and thus to the Wclpho family.
2. Tb.e leffer towns holding of the chancery : as namely
I. Munden, in the records of the thirteenth century ftiled Gemunden, a
town lituated in a vale on the Fulda, which a little below this place at the
point of the Tanz'werders\6\v\% the Werra, from which conflux it is called
the Weler. Thefe iircams with the meadows along the JVjer, the
neio-hhour'.ii; gardens, woods and hills form on all fides a moft delightful
profpeft,'" but the town frequently fuffers by inundations. Over the
Werra is a long bridge of (tone, with a fuperficies cf wood to ic. The town
confifts

Calenberg.] GERMANY, 319
confifls of fix hundred and feven houfes, and in if arc alfo .wo Lutheran
pariOi churches wiJi a Latiti free fchool and an almshöufc. The CalvUiiJh
perform their worfiiip in an elegant building, in which is an organ, but this
flrudture is reck' ned a taxable houfe. In the town is a double garrifon,
namely one of tour companies maintained by the tov> n, and a regiment
of the Sovereigns, which quarters in barracks. Thefe barracks are fituated
in a large ftoue edifice, which was originally a palace built by Duke
Erich the Younger. The garrifon has its own chaplain. The front of the
town-houfe towards the market-place makes a good appearance. The
burghers of Mundeti are free of Brunfwick and Ojierode and fo vice verfd.
As the town has above 2000 gardens belonging to it, and little corn landj
fo there are only two burghers here, who confine themfelves to tillage.
It is not without fome filk and damask weavers, as alfo vinegar brewers,
tobacco fpinners and manufadurers, and all the necefläry artificers; but its
principal fupport is derived from its ordinary traffick and navigation. The
traffick carried on here confifts not only of fliopkeeping, but flili more fo of
large dealings and commiflions, which bring money into the country and
keep it there. T\\^ various goods brought hither by land and water from
Heffe,
T'hiiringia, Saxony, Frankfurt and Franconia, but more particularly
from Nitrnberg, Bavaria, ßcc. after a very fliort day here, are fent
down the I'f^efer ; and what comes up it hither is for the moft part
alfo forwarded into the above-mentioned countries. No foreigner, that is
no one who is not a freeman of Munden, is to trade beyond this town
but confign his goods to a faäor here, and whatever is brought in a veflel
mud by virtue of the flaple-right, granted and confirmed to the town in
the years 1246, 127g, 1289 and 1292, and further ratified in 1597 by
the Emperor Rodolphus II. be unladen and laden again. Every Tucfday and
Friday about nine in the morning a veffel goes from hence to d/JJel up
the Fulda, and this river none but freemen of Munden are allowed to
navif^ate. The IVei-ra may be navigated by Munden and Hef/ian vclTels,
but the latter on coming off Menden are not to proceed, without a licence,
and even then to have a Munden mafter, and pay a duty to the town,
which being done, a licence in writing is granted. The magiftracy here,
which confills of two burgher-mafters and lix counfellors is poiTefTed of both
the jurifdidions within the town. Munden is the firfl among the fmall
towns of the principality of Calenberg, enjoys the diredory among then\
in affairs of general concern, and of the Gottingen quarter alone makes a
part of the lefier committee of the States, as alfo to the tax-college, of
•which their reprefen.aiive is a regular member. The town anciently
belonged to the county, ;is it was called, on the Werra, and confequentiy to
the Nordheim patrimony. Its moft ancient charter now in being bears date
in 1246, and was granted it by Duke Otho the Child, to whom it had
fubmitted. In 1626 it was befieged and taken by dorm, by \.\\e In-'perialifis
under

320 GERMANY, [Calenberg.
under Count Tilly, by which ftorm, exclufive of the numbers of townfmen
who were killed, its lofs was eftimated at 350,000 rixdoUars, and on
borrowing only fifty rixdoUars of an inhabitant of Cafel to redeem fome of
their records out of the foldiers hands, to raife fo fmall a funi, the corporation
was obliged to mortgage all its revenues. In the following years
alfo till the year 1643, one calamity followed another, exclufive of confiderable
expences in which it was likewife frequently involved.
In 1757 ^"^
1758 it was for fometime pofi^efied by the French. A large ecclefiaftical
infpedion with tv/o fuperintendents takes its name from this town, though
without being held here.
2. Dransfeld, a fmall town of two hundred and eight houfes,
fituated between Miindeti and Gottingen, and containing two churches, one
of which namely that "of St. Martin'^ is under the patronage of Corvey
abbey. The penal jurifdidlion in this town is exercifcd by the bailiwick
of Munden.
3. Moringen, a fmall town watered by the little river Mobr, which at
Hockeljheim runs into the Leine. This town ftands in a pleafant hilly
country ; being at prefent an open place, but was formerly fortified with
moats, walls and ramparts. Exclufive alio of the freedom of the bailiwick
it contains one hundred and forty houfes, with a parochial church, another
for interments in Oberndorf, a large orphan-houfe built betwixt the years
1732 and 1745 at the expence of the States of Calenberg, in which
hitherto fixty-three children have been maintained, and two manors qualifying
to feats in the Diet. The magiftracy here is pofl"efired of the civil
jurifdidion, but the criminal is exerclfed by the Prince's bailiff, to whom for
this purpofe, the magillracy delivers up the offender. On the fite of the
prefent bailiwick formerly Itood Moringenbtirg, which was fortified with
moats, walls and baftions, and was the refidence of feveral dukes. Moringen
was a town fo early as the year 1 147, one half of which was then poflefled by
the. Lords of Roßorf, and in 1380 fequefirated by Duke Otho the Radian,
to^^ether with all their other eftates and places. In the thirty years war it fuffered
extremely by pillage and military executions. In 1461, 1491,1496,
1506 and 1566 it was burnt down. In 1671, 1679 and 1680 it again
fufFcred by fire, and flill more in 1734, and again, though lefs, in 1747.
Since the laft of thefe fires, it has been enlarged and its Itreets built in a
llraight line, forty-eight feet wide, fo that the town makes a much better
appearance than before thofe misfortunes.
4. Ußar, a fmall town of two hundred and forty-three houfes fituated in a
valley, and walled, but the new town, to the building of which Duke Erich
gave his confent in i 561 ; is an open place. In the town is a parilh-church,
and without it another for interrments, and on an eminence near it flands a
chapel. Here is alfo anefi-.U:; qualifying for the Diet, and from which the
noble family of VJlar lakes its name, but this eftate has been transferred
by

Calcnberg.] GERMANY, 321
by them as an arrlcr fief, to the family of Neuhaufz, and on the failure of
that family came to the Got:zc}i of Ohlenhanjen. The town itfelf was deftroyed
by fire in the years 1476 and 1641. In 1575 Duke Rrich ordered
its name to be changed to that o^ Fretidentbal, but without prejudice to its
privileges. The penal jurifdidlion here is exercifed by the bailiwick court.
5. Hardcgfcii, a fmall town feated on the Efpoldc, which at this place
receives into it the Schottelbeeck. Hardegjcn fiands partly on a rock, out of
which are hewn the cellars of the houfes in the burg flreet. In this town
are in all one hundred and feventv-fix houfes. The head minifter of the
parilli-church here is alfo fuperintendent of the infpedion named from the
town. It is noted likewile for its good leather, of which it fells great
quantities. In the town and the lands without it, belonging to the
burghers, the magiflrates exercife the civil jurifdiclion, the criminal being
lodged in the bailiwick, to which the delinquent is turned over by
the corporation. At Hardcgfen is a free burgmannfiitz or caftelbny. Anciently
it belonged to the Lords of RoßorJ, but in 1380, together with their
other eftates, was fequeftrated by Duke Otho, who in 1383 granted it a
charter, and died here in 1394, having firft fettled the caftle on his
fpoufe, as a dowery. Duke William the Yoimger, alfo made it his principal
place of refidence and died here in 1503. In the years 1566 and
J
579,
this town fufFcred greatly by fire.
3. The fecularized convents, which are farmed to bailiffs, and the revenues
of which are managed by the conventual chamber : namely
1. The convent oi S>t, Blajins at Noj'dheim founded in 1051 by Otbo
Duke of Bavaria, as a Benedicfi?2e convent for both fexes. In 1141 this
grant was confirmed and augmented by his grandfon Sigfrid Count of Bo~
7nc?icl/urg,h\M in 1234, by order of the Duke oi Brunfwick, the nuns quitted
the convent. About the year 1570, it was fupprefled, on which the lafi:
abbot voluntarily left it. At prefent it is farmed to a baiütf, and includes
under it, the farm of Gtmfgenburg, lying a little way without the town of
Nordheijn.
2. The convent of Wiebrechtß:aufen founded in 1030 as a Bcnediciinf
nunnery. This convent is likewife farmed to a bailifi"', and includes under it
the manfion-houfe and farm of Mandelheck in
the bailiwick of Brunjlein.
3. The convent oiFredeljhh ov Fredeßoh, in ancient records filled Fridejele^
Fridejfele, Fredelfe or Fredtße, fituated in the village ofthat name, in the bailiwick
of M?ri'«^t'Ä, and founded in 1137 by y4lbert the firft archbiihop of
Meiitz, but inlarged in 1 14 1 by archbifliop Marcolf. This convent was at firfi:
an Augußine foundation for both fexes, but the nuns were afterwards expelled
from it. On its fecularization the eflates belonging to it were
farmed to a bailiff. The convent itfelf was burnt down in the thirty years
war, and in 1752 the priory, which had ferved for the bailiwick houfe, was
forfaken, a new one having been built there before that year. Its church
is fiill in being.
Vol. VI. T t 4. The

holding
322 GERM A N r. [Calenberg.
4. The convent of Marieiißein or Sicina lying on the Leina, which at
this place is joined by the EjpoUc, and founded in 1 108 by Rothard Zich.-
bifhop of MentZy for monks of the Benediäine order. To it belongs the
village, fituated near the conventual buildings. Anciently the ruling
Dukes of Brunfuick and Lüneburg held Diets at this convent, with the
States of the country oi Gottingen, and their territories along the Z,«w;
and in one of thefe Diets, in the year 1408, the principality of Gotti/igen
was transferred to Duke Erich the Elder.
5. The. nunnery of J-Feefide, fituated in the village of that name belonging
to the bailiwick of Harße, and faid to have been founded towards the
year 1300. It (food originally at Nikolausberg and is farmed to a bailiff.
To it belongs a farm at Nikolainberg in the bailiwick of Harße, and likewife
Reinboldshojy a feat, formerly called Reinboldß:aujen, in the bailiwick of
Friedland.
6. The ancient nunnery of A/örzVw^ör^^«, fituated In a pleafant valley, and
having a parochial-church. This nunnery is at prefent farmed. To it
belongs the farm of Wetenborn, in the bailiwick of Friedland.
7. Bursfelde convent lying on the JVefir, and anciently one of the
moll celebrated monafteries of BenediBi7ie Monks in all Germany. It was
founded in the year 1093, by Henry the Fat Count of Nordheim, on the
Meimende eftate, which was purchafed by that Prince of Albert InfuL The
Emperor Henry IV. granted it the privilege of eleä:ing its own patron and
abbot, as likewife that of coinage and ; a market. Its firft monks
came from Corvey abbey. The excellency ot the dikipline, which, in the
fifteenth century was introduced here, gained this convent fo fingular a reputation,
that many other Benedi^ifie convents entered into a connexion with it,
and adopted its ftatutes of reformation, and thus gave rife to the celebrated
union and congregation of Bursfelde, which congregation was confirmed by
the council of Bajel'm 1440, and afterwards by the bulls of feveral Popes.
In the fixteenth century the convent profeffed Lutheranijm. Its lands are
indeed farmed to a bailiff, but the title of abbot of Bursjelde has for fometime
lain dormant.
To this convent once belonged the juridical village of Lipprechtrcde in
the principality of Halberßadt, at prefent farmed to a bailiff of the Eledlor
of Brunfwick.
8. The nunnery of Hilnvardß.^aufen or Hilde%vardeß:aufen on the Wefer.
A proof of the antiquity of this nunnery is that the Emperor Otbo I. in
the year 973 at Grone burg confirmed a large donation made to this convent
by a v.'eakhy lady of the name of Helmburg. At prefent it is farmed to a
bailiff, and has alfo a farm belonging to it at Diemarden, in the bailiwick
of Friedland.
4. Ihe demefne bailiwicks, among them is
1. The jurifdidion of Leineberg, being a remnant of the ancient court
palatine

Calenberg.] GERMANY,
323
palatine at Grone, of which notice has been taken in the account of the
town oi Gottingen. This jurifdi(5lion is properly Ailed ^aj- landgerickt auf dem
Leineberg bey Gottingen, or the land-court of Leineberg by Gottingcn, and
the firfl: mention of it occurs in an inftrument figned by Poppo Lord of
Flejfe in the year 1241. At prefent it extends only to the parochial villages
of Grone and Rißorf (in the latter of which was a burg belonging to
the lords of that name, whofe lands were reafTumed in 13 to by Duke
Otho the ^ladian as a forfeited fief, on account of Chrijlopber of Rojlorf
having murdered his brother Frederich. Upper-Jefa, Settmarßjaufhi, and
the villages of Eilerß:auftn and Holtenfen. It is held at Grone in the
Sovereign's name by the juftitiary of Goftingen, but the bailiwick of
Munden has alfo a conciirrcns jtirifdiSlio therein. la this tract alfo lies
the Diet manner of Oblenbaiifen, belonging to the noble family of the
Götzen of Ohlenhcmfen, who befides this hold likewife the eftate of HeiJJhitbal
in this bailiwick, as a fief of Gottingen.
2. The bailiwick of Munden^ which is the largeft and moll: confiderable
in all the Gottingen quarter. This bailiwick is very hilly, but has wiihul fine
woods. The bailiwick-houfe lies in the town of Munden, in which town
the part called the liberty is under its jurifdiflion. It is alfo pofTeffed of
criminal jurifdiftion in the tovi'n of Liransfeld, and under it likewife is
Hedemunden, a fmall town fituated in a vale on the IVerra, and wholly
furrounded by the adjacent mountains. This place confills of one hundred
and forty-two houfes, and is the feat of a fuperintendency, which forms one.
of the two infpedions, into which the infpedlion of Munden is divided.
Great quantities of linen alfo are woven and fold here. Formerly it belonged
to
the abbey of Kauffu-ngen in Hefe.
This bailiwick is further divided into the Upper and Lower.
1. In the Upper are twelve villages, and to it likewife belongs one half
©f the village of Niejie, the other half being dependent on Heß'e. The
mod: remarkable places here are
The parochial villages of Landtoernhagen and Lutterberg, at the latter of
which in 1758, a body of Hanoveridns and Hefians werQ attacked by the
French, and by reafon of their vail fuperiority Ox^ numbers obliged to retreat.
The parochial-villages of Ufchlc-g and Spcele.
Sichelßein,
(in Engiiß:) Sickleßone) a village where formerly ftood a caftle,
which in 1770 was refortified by T)v\V.t Otho the Radian, on his invafion
of Hejj'e ; and Hermann Landgrave of Hefe eredled another caflle fronting
it, to which he gave the name of Senfenfiein or Sitheßone.
2. The lower bailiwick confiuing of fixteen villages, befides one fixth
of the L^/w/^cr^ jurifdiftion, the bailiwick of Munden ht'mg alfo poiTeifcd
The parochial villages here, aie Giwbte,
of a concurrents jurijdiolio therein.
H-meln, Fitrßenhagen, Buhren, Varlojen, and Great-Wierfhaufen. The
village of Ellerßiaufen vor dem Walde, in which the family of Btcckhaujen
T t 2 are

324 G E R M A N r, [Calenberg.
are polTeiTed of an eftate, admitting to the Diet, is not to be confounded
with the village of Elkrhaujen mentioned under the account of Leineberg
jurifdidtlon.
3. The bailiwick of Brackenberg, confining of four villages. This
bailiwick is very mountaincus and ftoney, but contains valuable woods.
The inhabitants traffick in oxen for draught, linen and flieep. Brackenberg
the bailiwick-houfe ftands near the eminence, on which was fituated
the old caille of that name, called Old Brackenberg. Below the village
oi Lippoldjhaiijen is a quarry of good ftone. Meenfen is a parochial-village; of
that of MoUeiifehie one half lies in Heße.
4. The bailiwick of Friedland, fituated on the Leine, which in this
bailiwick receives the Dratnine, Garte, ^c. The inhabitants exclufive of
o-raiery grow alfo a great deal of grain and flax, and weave linen. To it
appertain feventeen villages and three conventual farms, the mofl: remarkable
of which are
Friedhmd, a village containing the bailiwick houfe. A flrong caftle was
eredted on a mountain at this place by Duke Otbo the ^adiaii, but in 1743
the old ruins of it were entirely pulled down.
The parochial villages of Lntgen or Little Scbneen, in which is a manor
qualifying for the Diet, Great-Schneen containing two churches and a farm
belonging to the Sovereign, Loicer-Jefa, Reiffenhanfen, Sieboldß:ai{fen,
Reckerjbaujen and Ballenhaujen.
Diemarden, a parochial-village, in which the convent oi Hildivardßaiifen
was pofleßed of a farm, and the lower jurifdidion, which were purchafed
by it in 1234 of the abbot of St. Michael \n Hildcßeim. This place was
once remarkable for two courts held here,
5. The bailiwick of Reinhaujen, which is every where hilly, and near
one half of it taken up by a forelt of beach, oak and other trees. To it
belong the villages of Reinhanfen with the bailift"'s office, IJchcnrode, Ganjeieich
and Lichtenhagen, in the lafl: of which the Bulzingßcben family are
poileffed of the upper and lower jurifdidion.
6. The bailiwick of Niedeck, to which belongs the houfe of that name,
together with the villages of Great and Little-Lengden, in the former of
which is a parifh-church, five vaflals at Bewiiehanßn, and KerßUngeroderJehL
7. The bailiwick of Brimftein, confifting more of mountains than levels,
and lying on the Leine and Ruhme. The principal trade of the inhabitants
confifts in thread and linen, for which purpofes, exclufive of the flax of
their own growth, they import alfo great quantities from abroad. Since the
beginning of the eighteenth century the bailiwick-houfe of this name has
flood three quarters of an hour's diflance from Nordbeijn, in a hilly fpot
called Klingenhagen. To the bailiwick belong fix villages, of which
Holtenjen or Langenholtenfcn, Edeß:cim, Hobnßedt containing a fuperintendencv,
and Eivcrßjaußn having a manor qualifying for the Diet, are all
parochial.
8. Tlie

Calenberg.]
GERMANY,
8. The bailiwick of Wcjierhofe, confining chiefly of a good corn and
flax land, and having alfo fine woods. This bailiwick contains nine
villages. In Wejlerhofe is the bailiwick-houfe and a manor qualifying for
the Diet. EboldßMufen, Kahlefcld, Echte, Dogerode, Harrichaiifen and
Willerßmiifcn are all parochial villages, and in the lafl alfo is a manor qualifying
to a feat in
the Diet.
9. The bailiwick oi Moriiigen, terminating both on theLf/«? and the foiefl
of Soll'mger. The villages in this bailiwick, which lye low, enjoy good
corn-land, and thofe on the bleak rocky mountains make up the want ox
that advantage by the weaving of linen. Here are alfo fine quarries of millftones,
whetftones and freeftone, and the lime-flone in the Weper hill
burns to exxellent lime. Of timber and other wood here is likcwife a
fufhciency. The bailiwick-houfe lies in the town of Moringen, where
alfo the bailiff exercifes criminal jurifdiftion. Among the twelve villages
belonging to the bailiwick thofe mofl: worthy of notice are Oberdorf, which
begins immediately without the Obern-gate oi Moringen, and contains a
manor qualifying to the Diet, Fredeßoh with the above noticed convent,
and Evenjhi which conflitutes one parifh v/ith the village of Stroth, under
the name of Trogen. In this bailiwick likewife may be reckoned the
village of Hockelheim not far from Nordhei?n, and from which the Lords
of Hoekelheim or Huckelum took their name, who as Mr. Scheldt conjectures
were progenitors to the Ple/fe family, to whom alfo it once belonged.
On the failure of the latter the houfe of Heße Cajfel took pofleffion both of
the convent and the village. This occafioned however a procefs betwixt
325
it and Brunfwick Luneberg, but while the fuit remains undeterm'ned it
is agreed, that all juridicial affairs (liall be determined jointly by the bailiits
which both houfes have at Moringen.
10. The bailiwick of Hardegfen, one half of which lies in the foreil
of Zollinger, being very rocky, ftoney and clayey, and confequentl) not very
fertile. The greatefl part of the mountains here, are covered, however with
forefts of oak and beech. It yields alfo fine quarries of ftone. The
growth of corn here is much lefs coniiderable than that of flax, as from
the latter the inhabitants procure their principal means of fubfifl:ence.
The chief fireams that water this bailiwick are the Efpolde, which comesfrom
the bailiwick of Vßar, and after receiving into it the Scbotfelheech,
and other rivulets falls into the Ltv/;f near the convent of Steina; the
Schwulmfche which iflues out of the Steyberg, and running into the
bailiwick of Ußar, at L'ppoldibergen joins the IVefer ; v/ith the BoUerback
which feparates the bailiwicks of Hardegfen and Uflar.
The bailiwick-houfe ffands on a fmall eminence above the town of
over the town.
The nine villages belonging to this bailiwick are divided into the Upper
Hardegfen, and w.is once environed vv'ich walls and moats. The baiiitf ispolfeflcd
of the penal jurifdiftion
aivd^

326 GERMANY, [Calenbcrg. "
Of thefe EUigerode\%^zxoc\iYi\.
nnd Lower, of theformer of which here are fix.
Of the three latter Hevenfen and Lutterßjaufcn are both parochial villages.
In the parochial-village oi U^olbrechtjhaufen i\\^ c\^\\]\xx\idi\€i\on belongs in all
cafes to the Pnpen family. In this bailiwick are alfo two farms of the Prince's.
11. The bailiwick of Harße, confifting of fourteen villages : the moft
remarkable of thefe are
Hcirflc, a parochial-village, in which lies the bailiwick-houfe, and a
fiiperintendency with a manor qualifying for the Diet. Haijie once
belonged to the lords of Rojhrf.
Gladcbcck, a parochial-village containing a farm of the Prince's, and a
manor qualifying to a feat in the Diet. This place alfo belonged once to
the lords of Ro/io'f, from whom the Gladebeck family are defcended.
The parochial villages of henglern, Elliehaufefi, Parenfen and Weende,
with the Nikohmsberg a village.
12. The bailiwick oiUßar, lituated in the midft of the foreft of Sollinge r,
and being of courfe mountainous and rocky. The grain produced
here is inconliderable, but it grows a great deal of flax, and has very
profitable woods. The bailiwick-houfe ftands without the town of U/lar,
the criminal jurifdidtion of which is lodged iri the bailiffs court. The iron
founderies, which lie at a fmall diftance from the town, are fupplied with
iron ore from the Harz foreft, the bailiwick itleif affording none. Here is
alfo a copper mill. Of the fifteen villages of this bailiwick BollenJeUi Schoninsen,
Offenjen and Volpriehaujhi are all parochial.
13. The bailiwick oi Launiforde, fituated on the TFefer, and containing
little t-orn-land, but having large foreftt. The only place in this bailiwick
is hauenforde a market-town along the Wejer, on which river a toll is
paid at this place. Formerly it belonged to the counts of Düffel:
among its parifliioners are the Lutheram living near it, though in the diocefe
of Paderborn. This bailiwick once formed a part of the bailiwick of
Niei70ver, but was difmembered from it and mortgaged to the Spiegel
family. On its redemption, however, it continued a diftind: bailiwick, but its
records are kept at Nie7]over, to which place the vaffals oiLauerijorde bailiwick
alfo carry their proceffes and indidments.
14. The bailiwick of A'/V«oi;

Calenberg.] GERMANY, 327
Bodenjcldt\ a market-town fituated on the Wejer^ and having a faltfpring,
but this at prefent is not worked.
Wahmbeck and Schotihagen both parochial, together with the village of
Cammerborn.
15. The bailiwick of Erichsburg, confifting of three parts, which are
feparated from each other by the bailiwick of Hunnefruck, in the diocefe of
namely
HJldejheim :
1. The part to the north of SoUinger foreft, which was formerly ftiled
the bailiwick of Lutborji, and in the year 1389 was taken as a forfeited
fief from the noble family to whom it gave name, by their feoffees the
lords of Homburg, but on the extindfion of thefe lords devolved to the
dukes of Brunjivick and Lüneburg. About the year 1539 Duke Erich the
Elder procured it from Duke Henry the Elder, by exchange in lieu of
Holzmunden, and aüded it to his feat of Erichsburg, built by him between
the years 1525 and 1530, on which it was united with the bailiwick of
Laue?iberg, and both together named the bailiwick of Erichsburg. The
corn-lands here are not only environed on three fides by mountains, but
lie alfo for the moft part on eminences being ftoney and barren. Thofe
however in the levels enjoy a clayey foil mixed in fome parts with a red, and
in others with a greyilh kind of loom. Thus, in this part of the bailiwick
flax thrives better than grain. In 1754 a rich iron ore was found in
Bedefau and the Heimbcrge, and pit-coal, very lately at Portetihage-a on
the borders of Hildejheim. In this part of the bailiwick lies
The feat oi Erichsburg, in which is the bailiwick office.
Luthorjl, anciently called Luthardeffen a parochial-village, with Fortenhagcn,
alfo a village.
2. The part fituated in the {oxt^oi SoUinger, was formerly (tiled the bailiwick
oi Lauenberg, and belonged to the counts oi Dajfel. On their failure it
came to the dukti, oi Brunfwick znd Limebu}'g,ax\d'm i539was united with the
bailiwick of Luthorß, under the common name o'i Erichsburg. The arablelands
here lie for the raofi: part along üeep mountains, whence confequently
the tillage of them is difficult, but they bear all kinds of grain and good
flax. Lauenberg yields a fine free-ilone, and a good clay tor bricks. To^
this part of the bailiwick belongs the parochial-village of Lauenberg or
hauenbiirg, with one half of the village of Hikvartjhaufen, the other half
being within the Hildt'ß:>eim bailiwick of Hunnefriick ; the little village of
Hoppenfen, the lower jurifdidtion of which is veiled in the Dajfels ; and
two forefler's lodges.
3. Relliehaußn farm, which joins to the forefl: of SoUinger, and is wholly
furrounded by tf^e bailiwick of Hunnejruck. The buildings belon^-ing to the
farm conrtitute a fmall village.
5. Jurifdidtions belonging to noblemen: viz.
1. The Hardenberg jurifdidlion, appertaining to the family of that
name-^

3^8 G E R M A N r, [Calcnbcig.
name, who are pofleflcd of two votes, viz. one for Hardenberg Vordenthaufe
and one for Hiutcriibaiifc, Both thefc houfes alfo are poflcfled of a fliare in
Leverßaußn farm, but under the latter alone are included the farms of St.
Margaratcn and Gr:fzcn-Rodc. The other places belonging to this court are
JSortcn, a market-town fituated near the Leinc, with a T^w//^«- catholic
collegiate abbey in it, fubjedl; to the archbifhop of Mcntx.
Lutgenrode and Bijhaiij'en two villages containing Popijh chapels.
Grofzen-Rodey Hilkrje, Bidole and ^uderß:mijen, all Lutheran parocliial-
•vlllages.
The villages of Sudbeim and Loiver-Billh2gß:aiißn, the latter of which
is not improbably the place of the Comecice BillijTgeßadt-, where, as likewife
at the town of Eivibcck the counts Ludolphus and Adolphus of Dcßel ufed
•in 1274 to receive all addrelles and nicmoirs. Billingß:außn formerly
belonged to the Pleße family, but anteriorly to that of BU'llng or Bilking,
from whom it received its name. Upper-Billingjhatißen lies in Bovenden a
bailiwick of Heße.
2. The jurildidtion of Gcifmar, alfo belonging to the Hardenbergs^
whom it entitles to feat and voice in the Diet. This jurifdiction confilts
of the parochial-village of Geifmar, in which is a manor qualifying for
the
Diet.
3. The jurifdidion of Addcbfin, appertaining to the Adelebfen family,
who, by virtue of it are intitled to two votes in the Diet, viz. one for the
upper houfe o^ Adelebfen, and one for the under houfe. Both the houfes lie
in the town of Adelebfen, in which is alfo a parochial-church. Exclufive
too of this town the bailiwick includes under it feven villages, of which
Barterode is
parochial.
4. The jurifdidion of Altcn-Gleichen, belonging to the Ußar family,
He7iry of Ußar having in the year 1208 obtained a grant oi Alten-Gleicben
houfe from Otho IV. and come alfo to an agreement with the Count of
Gleicbeu, who had been difpoflefled of it. This jurifdiction contains under
it the old mountain caflle oi Alten-Gleichen, together with the manors of
Sennickerode, Upper and Leaver Appenrode, Vogelfang, Elbickerode, Wehnerßiaißn,
with a village annexed to it, Gelgchaiifin a parifli, the parochialvillage
of Bremke, and the village oi Bengebaufen. The old feat here with
the feven manor-houles, entitle them to eight votes in the Diet.
Obf. The ancient mountain caftle of Ni/en-Gleicben, with the farm of
Mitmarß.oJ, and certain revenues in the villages of Altcn-Gleichen iurifdidion
lelong to the fliare of the houfe oi Heße-Rbeinßeh in Loicer Heße,
which levies thofe revenues, and exercifes palatine junfdidion over them.
The Elector of Hanover however does not allow that Houfe to be their
Sovereign, nor ti^at the bailiwick of Mitmarß:of fliould he termed Neuen-
Gleicben, other villages having been added to that Hcjfian bailiwick. See
Vol. 1. of this third part.
5. The

Wolfenbuttel.] G E R M A N 7. 329
5. The jurifdidlion of Imbjen belonging to the Stockhauftms, and comprehending
under it the villages of Imbjen with a demefne, which was mortgaged
to that family ; Loivenhagen containing a manor, DauieiiK'niifcn having
a parochial-church and a manor, and the manor of IVelkrfcn, which
four eftates entitle the Stockhaufens to the like number of vut;s in the Diet.
The criminal jurifdidiion within this diftridl is lodged in the bailiwick
of Munden.
6. The jurifdiftion of Garfendorfer, belonging to Baron Gorzen oi Wries^
berg, and containing under it the villages of Rett or Rittmarjbaufen, with a
manor qualifying to the Diet, Kerjilingerode having a paridj-churcb,
Beyenrode, WeiJJenborn and Bifchhaujen, m the laft of which alio is a
parilh-church,
7. The jurifdicflion of Waacke, appertaining to the IVangenheims, and
confining of the parochial-village of IVaacke, in which is a manor qualifying
for the Diet.
8. /wi^Zirtz^;7JurifdidionbeIongingto thejBaronefs oiKiepen,^x\A containing
under it the parochial-village of Imbßoaitjeny alfo having a manor qualifying
to the Diet, which village is a bord-land of Paderborn. In this jurifdidion
likewife lies
the village of Lagerßjaufen.
9. y«/Wf jurifdidion, appertaining to Baron Groten, and comprehending
the villages of Juhnde, in which is a parochial-church, and a manor
qualifying to the Diet, Barliefen, Mengerßjaufen, Volkerode and Little-'
Wierßjaiifen,
together with Oerßjaußn farm.
10. The jurifdidion of Uejzinghaufen, belonging to the ß'/;;/5«i's, and
confiding of Uefzinghaußen a village, in which is a manor qualifying to a
feat in the Diet.
1 1. The jurifdidion of 0/di?r/7j^z^/?, belonging to the Olderß:außens, and
containing under it the villages of Olderßjaufen, with a manor qualifying for
the Diet, Echte having a parochial-church, Duderode alfo having a parochial-church,
and a manor qualifying to fit in the Diet, Oldenrode, Willenfen,
and Vogelfang farm.
The Principality
of Wolfenbuttel.
§. i.'~r^HE principality of Wolfenbuttel, in haiin improperly called
•^ Principatus Guelferbytanus, is a part of the dutchy of Brunfwick,
and accordingly reprefented in the maps of that dutchy. The diocefe of
Hildeßjeim, and the principality of Halberßadt divide it into two parts.
The north part is environed with tlie principality of Lüneburg, the Mark
of Brandenburg, the dutchy of Magdeburg, the principality of Halberßadt ^
and the diocefe of Hildeß.-eim. The fouth part alfo lies between the two
V^oL. VL U u laft

330 GERMANY, [Wolfenbuttcl.
Ir.ft of thefe territories, the county of Wernigerode, the principalities of
Grubenhagcn and Calenberg, Corvey and the county of Lippe.
§. 2. The eaftern half of the fouth-part, which lies between the Leine
and the Ecker, or the county of JVcmigcrode, contains under it a part of
the Harz, the mine and falt-works which the Prince holds in commcn
with' the Eleäor of Brunjwick Lüneburg, as is fliewn in the above defcription
of the principahty of Gnibenhagen. In the weftern half of this
fouthern part, fituated between the Leine and Wejer, is a part of the forcll: of
Zollinger, confiding of oak and beech, with a chain of mountains, covered
with woods, which towards the fouth arc called the Hih, and northwards
the Ibdt or Niedt (anciently Igcitb) and laftly the hills of Lauenßein.
Thus the fouthern part of the principahty confifts chiefly of hills and
woods, with little arable land, but on the other hand has a great plenty of
timber, iron and glafs-houfes, the manufaöures of which are greatly admired,
particularly thofe of looking-glafs ; with a fine porcelaine manufadlure,
and the very rich mine and falt-works in the Harz. The north
part of the principality is more level and produces abundance of grain,
flax and hemp, together with all kinds of pulle and fine fruit. Their grafery
here turns likewife to very good account, befides which it has a falt-work.
The culture of filk too is now followed here, and premiums are affigned
by the Prince for the encouragement of it. The above defcription fhews
the Wejer and Leine to be the principal rivers in this fouth-part of the
principality. Here alfo as well as in the Harz, run the Innerjle and Ocker,
the former of which foon reaches the diocefe of Hildeß:)eim, whereas the
latter pafles through the north part of the principality, where it is
joined by the Schunter (alfo having its fource in it near Neiibruck above
the Warbcrg bailiwick of Repke) and this river is fuch an increafe to it
that at a fmall expence it might be made navigable as far as the Aller.
Duke Charles has already cauled this to be done between Wolfenhnttel and
Brimfwick, and to him likewife is owing the Schunter canal, drawn between
^lerum and Gliß'enrode, with its fluice, which is fo very convenient
for floats and veffels, and which was opened in the year 1750. The Aller
runs through the bailiwick of Wclfsburg.
§. 3. In this principality are ten boroughs, eight market-towns, three hundred
and eighty-fix villages, and feventeen fees and convents. The States
here are compofed, i. Of the deans of the iees and the priors of the
convents. 2. Of the nobility, who are pofleffed of manors within the
country, among whom the principal ftate is that of the provincial commander
at Liicklum. 3. Of the deputies of the oldeft tow.:s, which are
Brunjwick, Helmßcät, Scheningen,
Konigßutter, Seejen, Sanderß.^eim, Oldendorf
and Holzminden. The leffer committee is compofed of the Dean of St.
Blafius at Britnjhvick, who is alfo premier provincial and financier counfellor,
with two or three financier counfellors of the nobility, and the firfl
burgher-

WoJfcnbuttel.] GERMANY. 331
burgher-mafter of Helmßedf. The larger committee confifts of four prelates,
nine nobles, and the reprefentatives of the towns of Eninfwick,
KonigJIutter, Seefen and ^cbeningen. The principal officers are a lyndic,
receiver and others. The Diets are held at the provincial houfe at Brunflüick,
and meet four times a year. The duke's propofals are delivered to
the States by a
privy-counfellor.
§. 4. The eflabliflied religion here is Lutheranifm, and both the pallors
and congregations are at prefent ranged into fuperintendencies, which latter
are under the five general fuperintendants of Wolfenbitttel^ Bninfioick, Helmliedt,
Seefen and Holznmnden. At Briwfwick both the Cahinijh and Papijh
are permitted the ufe of a church.
§. 5. Not to mention the fpinning of thread and the weaving of linen,
here are alio divers manufadures in wool and filk, with houles for the
bleaching of wax. Tobacco likewife is prepared in feveral ways, and
Turkey and other forts of leather drefied here. Its porcelain, lead, iron and
fteel foundaries too are in great repute, and the glafs-houfes are much
admired for the beauty of their produdions. The trade of the country
confifts in thefe manufadures and fabricks, as alfo in minerals which come
from the common parts of the Harz in Brimfivick : Walnut tree, turnery
and cabinet-makers ware, ^c. with the celebrated Brimjkvick mum, and
Konigßutter beer, called Duckßein, and other home-made commodities.
Briinpwick has two noted fairs every year. /
§. 6. For the inftrudion of youth, befides other good Latin fchools, in
this country is a Collegium Carclinum at Brunjivick, and an univerfity
at Helmjledt.
§. 7. The country of Brunfivick was antiently under lords of its own,
who poflciled it as their abfolute and hereditary property, and derived their
lineage from Liidolphus Duke of Saxony, and confequently by his grandmother
Hafala or Gifela, from Duke WitikirJ, whole daughter flie was.
From King Henry I. grandfon to this Ludolphus was defcended his fon
Henry Duke of Bavaria, among whole iffue was Count Brmio^ on whom
the Emperor Otho conferred a trad of land in Saxony near Briinfwick,
namely Meherode and Hohenivart. Count Bruno his fon inlarged Brnnjunck,
and his fon Count Ludolphus, on the demife of the Etiiperor He?iry II.
was the firft that obtained the full fovereignty over Brunjwick and Tankloarderode,
and died in 1038. His fon Egbert I. became Marggrave of
'ThuriHgiaz\\AMfinia,'3iX\A hhionEghertll. likewife attained to thofedignities.
This laft Prince being k'lled in battle in the year 1091, his fifter Gertrude
fucceeded to the country oi Brunfivick, vi'hich country llie brought to her
fecond husband Henry the Fat, Count of Nordheim, and by their daughter
Richerrza it came to her husband Lothario count of Supplingburg, and
afterwards Emperor. By his daughter Gertrude \t defcended to her Inisband
Henry the Magnanimous, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, and thus to the
U u 2 houle

Od 2 GERMANY.
[Wolfenbuttcl.
boufe of Welpho, The remaining part of its hiftory, as alfo that of the
ducal houfe, has been related before,
§. 8. The Prince's title is only 'DwkcoiBrunfivick and Liineburg, but his
arms are more extenlive, as confifting of thirteen fields : The firft ruby
a lemee of hearts topaz, and a lion faphire, for the dutchy oi Lüneburg.
The fecond alfo is ruby with two leopards topaz, for the dutchy of
BntnJ'ii'ick. The third is faphire with a lion pearl, crowned topaz, for the
county of Eberßein. The fourth ruby chequee, pearl and faphire with
a lion topaz, for the lordfhip of Homburg. The fifth topaz a lion ruby,
crowned faphire, for the county of Diepholz. The fixth ruby with a
lion topaz, in chief, and four fefles of the fame, but through miftakeonly
three are marked, and thefe in the tenth field. The feventh is topaz, two
bears claws expanded, for the county of Hoya. The eighth is quarterly
party per feffe chequee ruby and pearl j underneath pearl and faphire
s;irony, for the county of Bruchhaujen. The ninth faphire an eagle pearl,
and forms the lower half of the Diepholz fhield. The tenth is chequee
ruby and pearl, for the county o'iHohnfletn. The eleventh pearl, a (lag's horn
ruby, for the county of Regenßein or Reinflein. The twelfth pearl, a flag
diamond, for the lordfhip of Klettenberg. The thirteenth is alfo pearl, a
llag's horn diamond, for the county of Laiiterberg. Among the five
crovyned helmets, the chief or that in the centre, has a pillar pearl,
crowned and furmounted with a peacock's tail, in which is a flar topaz,
and in the middle a horfe pearl betwixt two fickles reverfed and decorated
in five places with peacocks feathers.
§. 9. The principality of Woljenhuttel is poflelTed of a vote among the
Princes both in the college of the Princes of the Empire, and likewife in the
Diets oi Loiver-Saxony, in each of which by virtue of an agreement concluded
in 1706, when the feniority lies in the houfe of Brunfwick WolfenbutteU
it precedes thofe of the Eledor of BrunJ-wick and Limeburg for Zell^
Grubenhagen and Calenberg, but otherwife comes alter them : further thd
'houfe of Wolfetibuttel, when fenior, obtains the joint directory of the
Circle of Lo-wer-Saxony. The taxation of this principality in the matricula
of the Empire and Circle is twenty-two horfe and a half, and one hundred
«tnd five foot J or nine hundred and fixty florins one gr. and a half and to
a fingle Roman month the Prince for all its territories pays feven hundred
-
and thirty-four florins, and to the chamber at /^/-Ws/^r two hundred and
feventy-eii^ht rixdollars, thirty-fix kruitzers and a half. He has the fame
right as the Eledor of Brwifwick to depute an alleflbr in the rev^enue court.
§. 10. The hereditary court -ofiices are four. The 0!derß:aufen family
is hereditary marflial of the principalities of Calenberg-, Grubenkagen and
Woljenbuttel ; that of ^'W//v/;/>' hereditary fewer, that of Schließedt hereditary
cup-bearers, and that of Cramm hereditary treafurers.
§. II. The fupreme college of the Princes, is the privy-council, which
has

Wolfenbutte].] GERMANY.
333
has the diredion of all flate affairs, as alfo the general government of the
country laws and ordinances, with the polity, grant of privileges, nomination
of magiifrates and law officers in the towns and other important
concerns : The
reigning Duke affifts as prefidcnt. The^Prince's revenue and
all matters relative to it are either under the infpeöion of the treafury, in
which aUb the Sovereign prefides, or of the convent office. Brunjwick is
the feat of the two firit colleges, whereas the laft, together with the
chancery, the high court of juftice, (in which the Prince eleds and appoints
an alfeifor from each Curie of the country) and the confiftory are held
at Woljenbuttel.
§. 12. The Prince's immediate revenues arife from the trcafury-bailiwicks,
the conventual eftates, the regalia, the imports of the Circle and Empire,
contributions, legation and fortificatiün monies, fervice and quotas of
provifions. The lefTer committee of the States or the tax-college fuperintends
the fheep-tax, land-tax, convent-tax, town-tax, tythe-tax, meaiuretax,
and mill-tax, with the excife on malt, beer, wine, brandy and flamppaper
; as alfo the licent which has been introduced into Brunfwick and
Woljenbuttel.
§.13. The military force lately maintained by the Duke, confifls
generally of four regiments of foot, each of two battalions, a body of
horfe-guards, a regiment of dragoons, a militia regiment of five companies,
each company containing one hundred and eighty men, with
a corps of engineers and matrofles. The invalids alfo form one regiment.
§. 14. In this principality are towns, abbies and convents, together Vv'ith
princely baiiiwici^s and noblemens courts, but divers of the latter have been
purchafed by the Sovereign for himfelf. The v/hole country is divided
into four diftricls, namely into thofe of Wolfenbiittel, Schening, the Harz
and the Wejer.
I. The WOLFEN BUTTEL Diftrid
Lies on both fides the Ocker,
I. The following towns: viz.
and contains under It
Brunjwick, anciently called Brwifwyck, a fortified town, and the capital
of the country, as alfo the place oirefidence to the Sovereign. It lies oi^
the Ocker, which enters the town by two branches, but within it divides
itfelf into a greater number, all which unite ngain, in one ffream at the
ilfue of the Ocker out of the town. Its prefenc fortifications were begun
under Duke Anthony Ulrich and compleated under Duke Charles. The
ramparts are planted with mulberry-trees. The town is large, but its
buildings are for the mod: part in the old tafte. Of late however it has
from time to time been beautihed v/ith new buildings and its flrects
better paved. The number of inhabitants here is not proporcionaie to its
extent

334 GERMANY, [Wolfenbuttc].
extent. The Prince's palace called \}t\z graue Hof, was in 1731 the court
of Elizabeth, Sophia Maria widow to Duke Augiißia William. That
learned and pious Princefs created a fplendid library here, the
principal curiolity of which confifts in a very valuable colledion of fcarce
and curious bibles, or pjrts of bibles, in feveral languages, to the number
of above one thoufand volumes. The dutchefs lives in the left wing of
the palace, having in 1736 quitted the right wing, except the palacechurch
to the reigning Duke, v/ho makes it his ufual place of refidence.
The garden belonging to this palace is laid out in an exquifite tafte.
The graue Hof itfcit (lands in a ftreet called the Bohlweg, in which likewife
is the academy for m;irtial exercifes, with the Cavalierhaus, and
armoury, all new and fightly buildings. The lafl of thefe was once the
Pauline church. On the Hageni7iarkt is fecn the Collegium Carolinum,
which is a noble ftrudure built in 1745. The founder of this college was
Duke Charles. The ftudents, particularly thofe of good families, are taught
all the neceflary arts, fciences, langu:iges and exercifes. In it too is a good
library, and on the fame market-place ftands the opera-houfe, which
likewife makes a very good figure. The old burg, at prefent called the
Moßhaiis or M':Jhof lies on the Ocker in the fite of the village of Tajikwardtrode.
Before it on a high and broad pillar of free-ftone ftands a brafs
lion, ereited in 1166 hyl^ükc Hen)-y the Lion, which falling to ruin in
16 16 Duke Frederick Ulrich caufed it to be repaired. On the burg-platz is
the new play or pantomine-houfe. At the packhofe all goods imported or
exported are rated and taxed, which is faid to produce above 200,000
rixdollars/>tr rt«««/«. In the new town lies the council-houfe, where the
magiftracy of the town meet, as the treafury-board does in the council
houfe of the old, and during the fair time the pafTages round it are crowded
with toy-fiiops. Near it alio {lands the building called the Aiitorßjof, in
which was a chapel dedicated to a Saint named Autor, but in 1681 this
chapel was afiigned to the foreign dealers at the fair, for the fecurity and
more convenient fale of their goods. In the Hcyden ftreet is the mint,
and in the Green-market the main-guard. The work-houfe or houfe of
corredion here, was rebuilt by Duke Charles, having at firft been formed
cut of the hofpital, v/hlch was originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
The orphan-houfe exclufive of its largenefs is an excellent foundation,
and fince the year 1753, has had a Lati7i-(c\\oo\ annexed to it, with a
printing-houfe and book-fliop. It was formed out of the Alexhouje, fo
called from the Alexians or Fratres Cellita, whofe manfion it was. The
Lutherans are pofiTtfiTcd of ten churches here. The cathedral of St. B/a/ius
which flands on the Burg fquare, was erefted in 1172 by Henry the Lion,
0!i his return from the Holy-Land, inlfead of the church of St. Peter and
St. Paid, which was then fallen to ruins. That Prince alfo annexed to it a
chapter, (which (hall make a particular article in the fequel) and a
treafure

Woltcnbuttel.] GERMANY.
335
treafure of reliques and curiofities, but of thefe by far the greatefl: part
was in 1671 carried to the palace-church at Hanover. In it excluiive of
two fine large monuments of that Duke and his fecond confort, are
kept the records of the eledtoral family of Brunfwick Luneburg, and the
vault of the Dukes of the Beverfi-Xms. The paftor of this church is
immediately under the Sovereign's confiftory, and not under the town
fuperintendent. The latter preaches to the inhabitants in general every
Sunday in the afternoon in the Brudern-kirch, in which at prefent is kept
the library for the town clergy, but in other reipeds his proper parifh is
St. Marfins. The other churches here are thofe of St. Peter, St. Michael,
St. Laurence and St. JoLn (in the laft of which the paftors of the Brudet'n-kirche
preach every quarter of the year) St. Alajj's or the church
of our Lady, with St. Giles's, in which is a convent for twelve ladies and
a priorefs, but its fchool was fupprefled in 1758, and added to the great
orphan-houfe. This laft alfo ferves both for the aforefaid convent and the
town garrifon. To thefe are to be added St. Magnus s, St. Catharitie'i and
St. Andrews in the new town. The Dutch and French Cahinißs are
podeffed in common of St. Barthohmeivs church in tlie Schützend ftreet,
but each under their refpedtive paftor ; and to the ivcwö/z-catholics is
afligned the church of St. Nicolas at the Steintbor or Stone-gate. Their
prieft is to be collated by the Sovereign. The Tempelhof on the Bohkvege near
the Graimihofe is an antique building, which formerly belonged to the knights
templars, but on their fuppreßion palled to thofe of St. 'John, and particularly
to the commandery of Siipplnigenburg, which in 1367 difpofed
of it together with the chapel of St. Matthew at that time ftanding on
it, to Kaland St. Jürgen, but the dean thereof is to be confirmed by the
commander of Supplingenburg. The Dean and cameraj-ius are eccleliaftics,
and the two lay members are ufually magiftrates. Thefe four compofe the
fociety. In the town are twu Gynmafiums, namely that of St. Martin and
St. Catharine, with an anatomy and furgery-fchool, the latter of which
was founded by Duke Charles, and opened in 175 1. Here is alfo a
college for the ftiidy of phyßcinftituted in 1747, and reckoned a princely foundation,
as depending only on the Duke and his privy-council. The large
lazaretta near the Fallerjleb gate was likewife built by the fame munificent
Prince. St. Leonard'^ hofpital without the Stcne gate has a parifh-church
belonging to it, but incorporated with that of our Lady. The town itfelf
is wtll provided with a variety of ingenious artizans, and has feveral
manufadures and fabrics. Its ftrong beer invented hy Ckrißian Mummen,
and called after his name, is exported to all parts, even as far as AJia,
The firft fpinning wheels were invented here in 1530 by Jürgen a ftonecutter
and ftatuary. Brunfivick has two yearly fairs, and thofe alfo very
conßderable ones. The patricians here ufed formerly to wear gold or filver
rings, according to the divifion of ancient and modern to which they
belonged.
Its-

336 GERMANY. [Wolfenbuttcl/
Its magiPiracy is pofleffed of the high and low jurifdioion, and alfo appoints
the bciliff over its four villages of Lchndorf, Oclper, Ruhningeji and
Riihne, which lie in the bailiwick of Etch. The town has likewife its own
fpiritual court confifting of the corporation and town paftors. The ruling
hurghermafter is prcHdent, and next to him the fi:perintendent. It is
alfo the feat of one of the five general fuperintendencies of the principality.
Bnaifwick, appears to have been in being fo earlv as the eighth century.
For not only John I'on Eßen, in Mr. Schei(lf's Biblioth. hiß. Goetting. part I.
p. 38. Hiys that in the year ']']$> the Emperor Charles the Great, came to
the Ockcr, which runs through Brunonis vicum (or Bi-unjhoick) but alfo
in the ylch Sanöfonim for the month o^ February part I. p. 312, it is related
that in the beginning of the eighth century Bilhop Swibert, with his
priefts and other religious went to Saxony, and coming to a large town
called Brunfwick, they preached there and converted great numbers. Thus
it is not improbable that the pLice was founded by Duke Bruno fon-inliw
to Duke Witikind, if not by his very father Duke Bruno of Engern.
Somewhat more 'of its hiftory may be feen above in the introdudion to
the hirtory of this principality, §. 7. So early as the days of Henry ths
Lion, Br«;^rc7V/' confifted of five precinds namely the ^////j?^/, the Neußadt,
the Sack, Hagen a-id Alten Wick, each of which was environed with
its own difiiinä: wall, till the fame Duke in uyj inclofed them all within one.
In 1314 Duke Ofbo ihe Severe difchp.rged the burghers of Brunfwick from
all k'ndb of villanage, and the two brothers Dukes Magnus and Erneß,
were plcafed to grant to the town of Brunjhvick, and its beloved citizens
an exemption from all villanage. Formerly the Duke's governor of the
old Burg'v.'a.s invefted with both jurifdiftions over the town, but in 1345
the citizens by mortgage acquired this government, and by degrees arrogated
to themfelves Itili greater immunities and privileges, inlbmuch that
at length they prefcribed to the Sovereign the conditions on which they
would do him homage, in conlequence of which very tedious contefts
arofe between them, and the Duke. Accordingly in the years 1492, 1542,
1550, 1 5 '^3, 1605, 1615 they were befieged by the latter, but not reduced,
and the compafls of 1535, 1553, 1559» and 1615 became void.
At length, however, namely in 1671 Duke Rodolphus Augiiflm made
himfelF mafler of the town after a fhort fiege, in which, the very
cannon it had lent him were employed againfl it. In 1757
it was pofTeffed
by the French, who quitted it again in 1758. It was anciently the head
town of an anfcatic department.
The Lutheran convent of Heiligen Kreuz on the RenneUberg without
St. Peter s gate, confifts of a prior, a domina, and twelve feelers, with a
church of its own.
Under Dake Charles the Ocker was made navigable from this place to
Wojjenbuttel, and the road between the two towns raifed and well paved,
exclufive

Wolfenbuttcl.J G E R M A N T,
337
exclufive of a vifta of trees planted all along it, which renders it extremely
delightful.
2. Wolfenhuttel, a fortified town fituated in alow and marrtiy country on the
Ockcr. This is a pleafant place, and contains many fighdy houfes in it, befides
which it is alfo the feat of fome of the head colleges of the principality of
Wolfenbuttel, as namely of thechancery, the chief court ofjuflice, the confiftory,
the convent chamber, the bailiwick-oflice and a general-fuperintendency. The
caftle here was for the mod part the ufual refidenceof the Dukes. On the
Schlofzplatze (lands an ancient armoury. The Dukes library which is one
of the beft and moft copious in all Germmiy^ and even in Europe, flands
in a particular building compleated in 1723, and in the lower part is a
riding-fchool. The Gymnafmm here is fliled the ducal great School. In the
great church which is dedicated to our Lady, are to be feen an old and new
burial place of the ducal family. Since the year 1740 Trinity church has
been afligned to the garrifon. The ^^(f^^y?/?^^'^ contains a particular churcli.
The name of the town was indeed anciently tranflatcd vaduin Lupi, but
is as little derived from Wolfen^ as from Welphen or Weifen, and therefore is
erroneoußy termed Guelphej-bytum. In the moft ancient accounts of it,
which bear date in the eleventh century, it is called Wuljerhutle, and very
probably owes that title to the fiifl: builder of its ancient palace, whofe
name might have been Wolf, Wolj'er or Woljhard. This palace belonged
which with that of Peiiie made but one houfe,
to the JVolJenbuttel hmWy,
and of this houfe the jijjeburgs and Eartcvßebcm, are likcwifc faid to hz
branches. Giinzel of Wolfenhiittel was fteward of the Emperor's court.
In 1253 King William granted to his fon-in-law Albert the Great, Duke of
Brunfivick and Lüneburg, the reverfion of all Guter z feudal eftates, and
in 1254 declared Gunzcl, to have forfeited them by contumacy and diiobedience,
whereupon Duke Albert in 1255, made himfelf mafter of
Wolfenbuttel palace, which he demoliOied. In 1283 '^^'^ palace was
rebuilt by Dake Henry the Admirable, and thus became a ducal refidence.
Duke Heitry the Younger, at a fmall diflance without the caftle between the
branches of the Ocker built Heinriclfladt, which was fo called from him after
his deceafe. Duke •j'z^/m inlarged it, and in 1579 for the reception of the
goods of foreign traders built the town oiGodeßager,ox Gutßager') not Gtßager
as it is now called) and in 1584 the Juliusß-iedenßadt. His fon made new
additions to the town. From 1626 to 1643 '^^ hnperialißs were in polTeffion
of it. The founder of the Augußßadt was Duke Augiijlus. Thefe feveral
parts at prefent compofe the town of Wolfenbuttel. In 1757 it was in
the hands of the French, but in 1758 they abandoned it.
3. Scheppenßedt, anciently called Sciphitijlede and Scapbinßede, a borough
feated on the Altenau, which travtiTes the whole length of the town
from eaft to weft. Since the great fire in 1743, by which eighty-four
houfes were deft:royed, this town has been rebuilt with greater fymetry ajid
Vol. VI. X X beauty

-338 Cr E R M A N r. [Wolfenbuttel.
. from
bciUity than belbre, and is continually inlarging. In it is a fuperintendency.
In 141 H the village of PFeßendorf wzi annexed to it, and municipal privileges
conferred on it : the ground of the three ruined villages of Twelken,
Alhim and Neindorf, was likevvife added to its territory. In 1474 it was
ftill a borough, but in 1744 its juridical conftitution was fettled on a
different footing.
2. The following religious foundations: namely
i. The Lutheran armoury of St. Blafim at the cathedral of Brm/fwick,
confiding of a provoft, a Dean, a fenior and ten canons with feveral inferior
prebendaries and vicars. This canonry has the nomination of the paftors
of the cathedral of Delper, Alen, 6cc. Its provoft is poffefled of particular
eftates and the advowfon of feveral livings. The Dean is the principal
member of the States.
2. The hutheran foundation of St. Cyriac which flood on Monch hill without
the gate of old St. Michael, at Brunfwick, but its buildings and church
having been demoliflied in 1545 by Duke IJem-y the Younger, the canons
at prefent refide within the town of Brwifwick, and enjoy their revenues
without performing any particular divine fervice. Their houfe is exempt
impofts. They hold their chapter in St. John's chapel in the cathedral,
where they alfo keep their records. The Dean is one of the States
and likewife of the great committee, and the living of St; Pf^^r at Brunfwick
alfo is in his gift. The canons belonging to this foundation are five
in number.
3. The Lutheran abbey of Steterburg fituated at a fmall diflance from
Wolfenbuttel, and confifting of an abbefs, a provoft, and a convent for
ladies. It lends alfo a reprefentative to the States. This abbey was
founded in the year 1000 by the widow, and daughter of Count Altmam
oi Ohhurg, and formed cut of their feat. In 1 542, 1626 and 1641 the
buildings belonging to it were all deftroyed. To it is annexed Nortenhof.
Not far from Steterburg in 1641 the hnperialijh and Bavarians were
defeated by the Duke of Brunfwick and Lüneburg.
4. The Lutheran convent of Riddagß.^aufen lies about half a German
mile from Brunfwick, and confifts of an abbot, a prior, and a convent
with a good library. Its firft founder was Ludolphus Wenden in the year
1 145, but in \\\(:i\y\\\it Henry the Lion endowed it with the lands and
manfion-houfe of RiddagfMifen, to which alfo it was foon afterward I'emoved
as a monaftery of Cißercian Monks. li; compofes one of the States,
and is alfo a member of the greater committee. In the years 1542, 1545,
1552, 1606 and 1 6 15, it was plundered and laid in aflies. To it belong
the villages of Riddagß?aufen, Glieffenrode, Harivefe, Handeln, Mafcherode,
Mehrdorf, ^erum and Monch or Little Scheppenßedt, as alfo Unjeburg in
the dutchy of Magdeburg.
5. T])e Lutheran convent of Salzdahm, which will, occur hereafter
ot:ider the account of that place. 3- The

Wolfenbiittel.] GERMAN!'. 339
3. The following bailiwicks and courts belonging to the Sovereign, v'rz.
1. The relidential bailiwick of IVolJciihuttcl, formerly coniifling of nine
vogteys and Gohgrcfj'chajh, in which were included fixty-five villages, but of
thofe Rotaihof, Salzdahwi and Winnigßcdt^ at prefent diflin

340 GERMANY. [Wolfcnbuttcl.
At Alum is
a fuperintendcncy.
5. The bailiwick of der Eich, confifting of eleven villages, among
which arc Botlfeld, Brcitzen, Dcnßorj, &c. with a farm.
6. Lichtenberg bailiwick comprehending under it nineteen villages, one
-farm, and two manors. This bailiwick derives its name from the
old mountain caftle of Lichtenberg or Alten Lichtenburg, which in
1552 was rafed by Volrnd Count Mamjeld. Neiü-Lichtenburg, which
has been built at the foot of the mountain, on which this ruined caftle
ftood, is the bailiwick-houfe, and lies between the villages of Upper and
Lower-Freden. Barian is a village the feat of a fuperintendency.
7. The bailiwick oi Gebhardß.^agcn, commonly called Gebberßagen, confifting
of five villages.
8. Neiibriick bailiwick, confiding of Neubruck, which is the bailiwick
office, and fituated in an ifland on the Ocker, with a village, and five other
villages, as namely Wenden, where in the days of Henry the Lion was a
ftrong Burg, Bevcnrode, &c.
9. The bailiwick of Campen, lying on the Schunter, and exclufive of the
bailiwick-houfe of C-^w/^«?, containing under it fourteen villages and two
manors. In the year 1348 the old Wolfcnbuttel-WnQ difpofed of this bailiwick
to that of Lüneburg. At prefent it belongs to the new Wolfenbuttelline
of the houfe of Brunfwick and Lüneburg. The ten panflies in it
conftitute a particular fuperintendency.
of
10. Salder bailiwick formerly a manor, and containing only the villages
Salder and Watenfledt.
J I. The jurifdidion of Achen or Achim, confifting of the village of that
name, and belonging to the Steinberg family.
12. The jurifdiäion of Barnftorf, including the village of that name,
and being formerly a manor court.
J 3. The jurifdidtion of Kißnbruck or Hedwigsburg, belonging to the
hereditary Prince, and formerly conftituting a manor and court. In it is a
fuperintendency.
14. The ]un{d\€i\on of Wendhaufen, formerly alfo a manor court.
15. Scha??deln of the like nature,
16. Vechelde, the fame. hxVechel, in this jurifdidion isa feat.
4. The following jurifdidions belonging to noblemen, inz.
1. The jurifdidion of Brunjrode, confifting of the villages oi Great and
Little-Brunjrode, and belonging to the family of Bukw.
2. The jurifdidion of BurgdorJ, confifting of the village of that name,
and belonging to the Knießedt family. In this }urifdidion is a fuperintendency.
3. Defiedt jurifdidion, confifting of the villages of Arkercde, Deßedt,
Hemkerode, Kremlingcn and Schulmrcde, and belonging to the Veltbeim
family.
4. The

Wolfenbuttel.] GERMANY. 341
4. The jurifdiftion of Engerode, containing the village of that name,
and belonging to the Bujfch.
5. Thejuiifdidtion of Kneitlingen, with the village of the like name,
and belonging to the Gramms.
6. Kiibbelmgcn jurifdidion, including the village ofthat name, and appertaining
to the Schliedßedt
family.
7. The jurifdi(flion of Linden, belonging to the families oi Botticher and
Midler.
8. Thecommandery of L«f/^A(!7«, appertaining to the ^^ato;? grand mafter-
• (hip of the Tetitonick order, and being the refidence of the provincial commander,
who forms one of the States of this principality. Luckhim houfe
with its appurtenances was conferred on the Teutonick order in 1260 by
Volrad BiOiop of Halberßadt : to it belongs the village of that name.
9. The jurifdi(flion of Nei}idorf, fituated in the village of that name,
and belonging to the family of Lofmeifen.
10. The juril'diilion of Oberg, extending over the villages of Duttenßein
and Efzinghaußn.
11. O^^fr jurifdidlion, including the village of that name, and belonging
to the Cramm family.
12. The jurifdidlion of Salzdalufn, comprehending under it the villages
of Upper and Lower-Dalum, and belonging to the Honrodts of Veltheim on
the Ohe.
13. Schließedt jurifdidion, extending over the village of that name, and
belonging to the family which takes appellation from it.
14. The jurifdidtion of Lower-Sickte, having its feat in the village of
that name, and belonging to the family of Ludeck.
1^4 The jurifdidtion of Great-Valhberg, lituated in the village ofthat
name, and appertaining to the TVeferlii7g family.
16. The jurifdidion of Little-Vahlberg, having its feat in the village of
that name, and belonging to the
Schwarzkops.
\j. Veltheini ]ünf6.\iX\on, containing under it the villages of Veltheiin en
the Ohe, and Little-Vcltheim, and belonging to the Honrodts.
18. Watzen jurifdidion, fituated in the village of that name, and
appertaining to the Weßerling family.
II. The SCHEWING Diftricl, including
I. The following towns : namely
I. Helmßedt, a town, containing two fuburbs called iht Neuemark znä-
Oßendorf, with three churches, of which the principal is that of St. Stephen,
and a grammar-fchool. Here is alfo a celebrated univerfity founded by
Duke Julius, and confecrated on the fifteenth of Oöfober 1 576. In
1745
the Eledor of Brwij'wick refigned his üiare in this univerfity irt
^iwoup

-
j^2
GERMANY. [Wülfcnbuttel.
favour of Duke Charles and this auguft family, fmce which the Julian
univerfity, as it was formerly called, has been more properly termed Accidmia
Julia Carolina, as this Prince has omitted nothing which could
conduce to its profperlty and honour. Exclufive of its library and complete
phyfic garden, the buildings in it are fpacious and elegant. Here is
alfo a German fociety, with a feminary of divines confecrated on the firft
loi "January 1750, and a general fuperintendency. The building of the
town had its firft beginning in 789, and is attributed to Si. Ludgcr, who
alfo founded the henediSline convent of that name in the Ojittidcrf, ful
ieöin'3^ it to the independent imperial abbey of Werden in the Circle of •
'Wißpfjalia, fo that the fame perfon is abbot to both. This convent
of St. Liidgcr is alfo pofleffed of the fupremacy over the town of Helmßedt.
Both the Convent and town, however, were under the fovereignty of the
Dukes o'i S^XGhy-, from whom they devolved to the pfalzgrave oi Sommcrjckei;-
burg, and on the failure of thefe to Duke Henry the Lien, and his del'cen-
the town was
dants the Dukes of Brunfuick and Lüneburg. In 11 99
deftroyed by the archbiüiop of Magdeburg. From the year 1345 the
Dukes have feveral times mortgaged their fupremacy to the corporation,
who at length have got it into their own hands as their abfolute right
and inherent property. In 1489 the abbot of Werden, fold the town tcoether
with the abbot's manfion-houfe in it, to Duke William the Younger,
on condition that the faid abbot and his defcendants fliould be inverted
both with that and the patronage of St. LWo'tr's convent, as fiefsof the abbey
of Werden, which condition is obferved accordingly to this very day.
In J 7 ^- 1 a chalybeate fpring of fmgular virtue was difcovered, at about
an hour's diftance from the town, not far from the timber-mill on a
very foacious meadow environed on all fides with pleafant hills and woods,
and ha\'ing walks of trees leading to it from Helmßedt.
2. Scbeningen, in ancient records ftiled Scenighe, a fmall town containing
an old feat of the Princes and two manors, of which one is a demefne.
In this town is a fuperintendency and a good Latin-{choo\, to which in
1751 Duke Charles made a prefent of the library of the convent oi Marienlhal.
Near the town is a falt-work. In the years 1553, 1563, 1567
and 1644 it was deftroyed by fire. Of this bailiwick and the convent
without the town, particular articles will occur in the fequel.
3, Konigßutter, a fmall town feated on the rivulet of Lutter, and owing
its origin and name to the convent without it, of which as well as of the
bailiwick an account H^iall be given under feparate articles. The town
and convent ftand botli on a rock of Duckjlein (in Latin tophus) being a
giitty kind of fi:one ; and the celebrated beer here brewed of the river
water, which i» rernarkable for its tranfparency, is alfo known by the name
of Duckßetn. The convent nominates to the town living. Here are alfo
three manors and a fupennienaency. In 1571 the town was totally confumed

Wolfenbuttel.]
GERMAN!.
fumed by fire, and in 1613 the greatefl part of it wasdeftroyed by the fame
calamity. In 1640 the Imperial, Bavarian and other troops committed
fiich ravages at this place, that for near fix months after neither man
nor beaft were to be feen in it.
II. The following convents: namely
I. The Lutheran convent of Kxini^ßutter, fituated without the town
of the fame name, and firfl: founded as an Augußine nunnery in the year
1 1 1 o, by ÄT/z/jJr^ Count oi Haldeßeben, but in 1135 converted by the
Emperor Lothariin into a monaftery of Benedi5lme Monks, which faid
Emperor alfo lies buried in its church, on which account the name of the
convent was changed from plain Lutter to KonigsJJuiter. Richenza the Emperor's
confort, and Duke Hen7-y the Magnanimous alfo lye interred here, and in
1708 the abbot yohn Fahricius, with the confent of Duke Anthony Ulrich
erecSled for thefe three illuftrious perfons a new monument of white and
343
black alabafter, which monument ftands almoft in the centre of the
church fronting the great choir. At prefent the convent confifts of a
Lutheran abbot, a prior, and four conventuals. As an imperial foundation
it takes precedence of all the convents of the principality of Wclfenbuttel,
is one of the States and belongs to the grand committee. It is
likewife proprietor of the Vogts of Freyhof and the Hegehof, the latter of
which ftands one quarter of a German mile from it, and is pofleffed of
the advowfon of four churches, with the difpofal of ten fiefs.
About one quarter of an hour's diftance from the convent on a floney hill
very near the foreft oi Elm, the rivulet of Lnttcr iffues from feven fprings, but
no tophus is found here, the (tratum ofthat flone beginning near the convent,.
and running both under it and the town, as far as Rottorf. In 1708 the
above-mentioned abbot 'John Fabricius ereded a dome of free- flone over
thefe fprings.
2. The Lutheran abbey of Marienthal , in Latin MorjaßeriiwiVaHis Maria,
fituated in a pleafant valley, one half of a German mile from Helmßedt,
and founded in 1138 by Frederick II. pfalzgrave of Somrnerfchenburar,
as a monument of Cißercian Monks, but in 1569 became Lutheran.
It coniifls of an abbot, a prior, and four conventuals, is one of the States
and likewife one of the great committee. Duke Julius founded a fchool
in it, where a certain number of young people are maintained and inftrudted
^rcz/Zi. To the convent belong the villages of Barmckc, Grafzkben
and ^icrnhorß. It is polTeffed alfo of four villages in the dutchy of
Magdeburg.
3. The Lutheran convent of Marienberg, (in Latin Mcnrßerium montis.
Marla^ or the convent of our Ladys hill, feated on an eminence, oa
the weft fide of Helmßedt, and founded as an Auguthne nunnery in 1181
by Wolfram abbot of Werden and Count of Kirckberg. At prefent it confifts
of a domina, a provoit and conveutualifts, and is likewife one of the
States.

344-
GERMANY. [
Wolfenbutte] .
States. The village and manrioii houfc of Altena in the dutchy of Magdeburg
belong to it.
4. The Lutheran convent of St. Laurence, fituated without the town of
Scheningen, and originally founded at Kahce, in the O/J Mark, by a
countefs of the name of Oda, but in 1 120 Reinhard bifLop of Ualberjiadt
removed it to its prefent place, converting it into a canonry of Augiijiines.
The Sovereignty of this convent belonged originally to the pfalzgraves of
Sommerjchenbiirg, on the extinftion ot whom it devolved to Duke Henry
the Lion, and his heirs. At prefent it is compofed of a Lutheran provoft,
a prior, and conventuals, and likewife forms one of the States.
3. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Sovereign : viz.
1. The bailiwick of Konigßutter, having its feat in the town of Konig-
Jlutfer, and containing under it eight villages, among which are Upper-
Lutter, Rottorf, Bowman, &c. with one farm and three manors.
2. The b.iiliwick of Scheningen, having its feat in the town of that
name, and containing thirteen villages with two nxanors.
Above the village
of I'wiejlingcn, at the foot of the forefl: of Elm, ftood Elmsbiirg, which is
mentioned in the twelfth century as a commandery of the Teutonick order.
On its demolition the reliduc of its lands were annexed to the commandery
of Luckhim.
3. The bailiwick of yrrx/:'w;7, which exclufive of the village oi Jerxheitn^
and the bailiwick-houfe ofthat name, includes alfo fix other villages and the
^?iis of Kievitzdanim, one half of which belongs to the principality of Halber -
fladt, the pafs being the boundary of the two principalities, '^erxheiniburg
is faid to have been the ancient refidence of the counts to whom it gave title.
4. The bailiwick oi' Heffen, confifting of three villages, viz. Hejjen^
Hcß'endamm and Pabßorf, but of the latter one half belongs alfo to the
principality of Halberfladt. At HeJJen or Hrßtn'is a palace of the Prince's
with a beautiful garden. The Lords of Hejfenum or Hefjenem, who anciently
lived at this place, are firft mentioned in the twelfth century, and
failed in the fourteenth, on which Hepn-houk appears to have efcheated
t) the counts of Reinßein; as Lords of the fief, and thele fold it to the
Dukes of Brunßv'ck.
t;. The bailiwick of Voigtfdalum, confifting of Voigtfdalum, the bailiwickhoufe,
with the villages of Great and Little-Dalum. Voigtjdalum formerly
belonged to the vogts of Brunjwick, who filled themfelves of Wenden
and Dau-m, and failed towards the end of the fixteenth century in the perfon
of Hans von Wenden.
6. The bailiwick of Warberg, confifting of four villages, and having
b;en anciently a lordftiip belonging to the Lords of Warberg, who held
the junidiiiion over ihelr villages as a fief of the Sovereign, but in procefs
of L.me involved themleives grtatly in debt, by which means their circumflances
of courfe were greatly impaired. Henry Julius of Warberg
married

Wülfenbiittel.] GERMANY,
345
married a native of Schließedt, and after refiding for fome time at the
feat of Warherg-, died at Halbcrßadt^ leaving behind him a fon and four
daughters, but what became of the firfl: of thefe, who privately withdrew,
is not known. Duke Augr(ßus as Sovereign of the land and lord of the
fief paid off the debts contradted on it, and converted the lordfliip into
a bailiwick.
7. The bailiwick of Bardorf, confiding of the village of BarJorf, in
which lies the bailiwick-houfe, with fix other villages.
8. The bailiwick of Neuhaufz, comprehending under it Nenhaufz the
bailiwick-feat, with Reifzlingen and Volkmarfdorf, both villages,
9. The bailiwick of Forsjeld, conllfting of Wolfsburg, or as it is called
the Wolßburgijchen Werder once a tranor court, fituated on the weft-fide
of the marfhy foreft oi Dromling, of whichalfoa part belongs to the bailiwick.
It includes likewil'e under it the Wipper-Xzkc, which is half a Gertnan
mile long and abounds in fifh. The foil here being for the moft part
fandy, the grain principally cultivated in it is buck-wheat. Between Vorffeld
and Graßjorß, as alfo in Dromling it is pofTeffed of confiderable
woods. It belonged once to the Bart€7ßebens, and on their failure paffed
to the counts of Schuhmburg, from whom it became an efcheat to the Sovereign,
who converted it into a bailiwick. Woljsburg lies near the Aller in
the precindl of Breyer-Herreu.
Vorsßeld, anciently called Varsßeld, is a market-town fituated on the
Aller, and containing a fuperintendency. In the bailiwick are fifteen
villages.
10. The bailiwick of Cahorde, which lies feparate, being on all fides
furrounded by the Old Mark and the dutchy of Magdeburg, and anciently
belonging to the Alten Mark, from v/hich, it was probably difmembered
either at the clofe of the fourteenth, or towards the bcginnkig of the
fifteenth century, and came to the Dukes of Brmßwiok. It has been frequently
mortgaged, and laft of all to one of the Bulo'X's, from whom
Duke yulins redeemed it in 1571, and placed officers in it as a bailiwick.
The villages belonging to it
are
i.Calvordey in ancient records (iWed Callenvorde and Caheri, a'fmalJ
town fituated on the Ohre, joining to the Dromling, but the inhabitants
have nearly cleared their fhare of its wood, for the fake of acquiring more
pafture ground.
On the eaft-fide of the town ftands a very ancient walled
caftle furrounded by a marfli. In 1688 and 1700 it was almoft: totally
deftroyed by fire, and in 1745
fuffered alfo greatly by the fame calamity.
2. Nine villages, among which are Uthmoden and Zobbenit^ or Sobnit-:^^
fituated in what is called the Halbgcrkht, as belonging both to the principality
of Woljenbuttel,
and the archbifliopric, at prefentthe dutchy of Magdeburg,
which dutchy with refpedl to the paftures, commonage, fervices,
contribution, felling of timber, hunting, jurifdiäion, lodges for deer, and
Vol. VI. Y y
other

34.6 GERMANY. [Wolfenbuttel.
other privileges, carried on a contefl: for above two hundred years, till at
length in 1707 a complete partition and limitation was agreed on, and
the part afligned to the houfe of Bnwfwick, for ever incorporated with
the bailiwick of Calvorde and the Prußan fliare, with the dutchy of
Mogdchurg.
J I. The jurifdiöion oi Langelehen. In the village ofthat name is a
manor court, which at prefent belongs to the demefne chamber.
4. I'he following jurifdidtions belonging to noblemen.
1. The iurifdiöion of Ambleben appertaining to the Bottickers.
2. The jurifdiclion of Bujirdt containing the manor of that name, togechcr
with the villages of Velpke and Warßedt, and belonging to the
Beucrbavjcn.
3. The jurifdiflion of North-Sieimke, belonging to the Knefebecks.
4. The jurifdidlion of Sambleben, appertaining to the Cramnn.
5. The jurifdidion of Great-Sifzbeck, in which lie the villages of
Great-Sifzbeck and Grcat-Tiiidpßedt, both belonging to the Conringe;/s.
6. The jurifdiilion of the villages oi Altetiau, Mcckendorf znd Salßorf
all belonging to the Spiegels.
7. The commandery of Supplhgenbiirg, (otherwife called Supplingburg
or Sup/ilinburg,
belonging to the Sonneburg grand-mafterfliip of the order of
St. yobn. This iurifdiction forms a part of the ancient lordfhipof that name,
which lay in Darlingau, between the counties of Brunfwick and Sominerfchenburg.
In the eleventh century it was held by Count Gebhardy
whofe mother Ida was of the ^erfurt family, but who her husband, his
father was, is not known with any degree of certainty, though fome, and
that too not without great probability, fuppofe him to have been the
Pfalzgrave Otho Duke of Swabia, whofe father the Pfalzgrave Ezo or
Ehrcnjfied married Matilda daughter to the Emperor Otbo II. The above
Count Gebhard had for wife Hedwig Countefs of Formbach, who
a few days before his death, which happened at the battle on the Unßriä
in 1075, was delivered of a fon named Lothario, who afterwards arrived to
tie Duke of Saxovy, and at laft Emperor. In the year 1130 this Prince
•'conferred his patrimonial caflle of Supplingeiiburg on the knights-templars,
who converted it into a commandery, vi'hich, on their extirpation was
transferred to the knights of St, yohn. The Dukes of Brmifwick and the
grand-mafters of Sonneburg are poffefied of the alternate difpofal of it,
but this muft be always to a Prince of Brunfwick, who has been previoufly
created a knight. At Supplingenburg-houi'e is a village, exclufive of which
the commandery is
alfo proprietor of the village of Greai-Steifien.
III. The Harz diftrift, containing under it a part of the Harz-foreHy
and lying between the Leine and the Ecker. To this diftridl belong
I. The following towns : viz.
Ganderßeim, a fmall mean town, üluated in a valley along the little
river

.
Wolfenbuttel.]
GERMANY.
river Gcinde, and containing a ducal feat ereded by Duke y«//«;, together with
a bailiwick-houfe and a Latin free-lchool. In the year 1569, and in lieu
of the Francifcan convent, Duke yiilius founded a padagogitim here, which
was confecrated in 1571, but in 1575 removed to Helmjtedt and raifed to
an univerfity. To the abbey here the town owes its original, to which
alfo till the fourteenth century it was fubordinate, but under the ahbels Matilda
II. came to the Dukes of BrunJ'wick and Lüneburg, v/ho to this day
continue Sovereigns of it.
At this place alfo lies the Imperial, ducal, free, fecular foundation of
St. Anaßaßus and St. Innocent, which was firft founded in the year 848 by
Ludolphiis Duke of Saxony, at Bninjhaiijen, where his grand-father Bruno
Duke of Etigcrn had built a church, but in the year 856, being removed
to the fide of the Gande, it acquired the name of Ganderßjeini. This
abbey is at preknt Lutheran, and compofed of an abbefs, a dean and eleven
canonefles. Thefe have no particular drefs, but wear a crofs of the order
enamelled black and red, on which are reprefented the inftruments ufed at
the crucifixion of our Saviour. On the top of it is a clufter of diamonds,
and at the bottom a death's head enamelled white. This crofs is faflened to
a broad watered ribbon of a pale-blue, diverfified at the edges with narrow
black fi:ripes, and hanging from the right fhoulder quite down below the
waift to the left. To this celebrated foundation alfo belong eight canons
and capitulars, of whom a full account will be given in the fequel. The
Dukes are patrons and protedors of the abbey, notwithftanding which the
abbefs hath both feat and voice in the Diet of the Empire, and likewife
among the prelates of the Rhine. The abbey is polTeflTed of four hereditary
bailiwicks, and to it likewife belong the adjacent convents of Brunfbaußn
and Clus, asalfo the jurifdidtion oi Bormimhaußen, concerning which
more will be faid hereafter.
2. Seeßen, anciently called Seehujen, Seußi or Seß, and in Latin Scßa, a
little town fo named from an adjacent lake, but which is gradually
dwindled to a very fmall place. The houfe of Seeburg or Scekiijenburg
being fallen to ruin, the bailiwick-houfe here has been eredted in its Itead.
Ever fince the year 1728 here has been a general fuperintendency. Belonging
to it alfo are three manor-houfes. In 1620, 1664, 1673 and 1701
it
fuftered very greatly by fire.
2. The following foundations and convents belonging to the States of
the country :
"oix.
1 The abbey of St. Anaßaßus and Imiocent at Gcmderß:eim, that is to
fay, as far as regards the canons and capitulars there. In 1665 the number
of refidentiaries in this abbey was fettled at four, and m ^714 the
abfentees alfo at the like number.
2. The convents oi Brunßxjißen, and Clus or Clam, the former of which
lies about half an hour's diftance north of Ganderß^eim, and confiils c-f a
Yy 2
LiithcraK
347

348 G E R M A N r. [Wolfenbuttel.
Lvthmn domina, with three conventualifts. The latter lie« within one
quarter of an hour of it to the well, and was anciently a munaftery of
Bencdi£iij2C Monks, but fince the fixteenth century has had no convent,
and fince the feventeenth has been without an abbot. Thefe foundations
iiad belonged for ages to Ganderßoeim abbey, but at the Reformation were
fcparated from it, and in 1695 ^g^''^ reftored to it by the Dukes Rodclphm
Angujlus and Anthony Ulrich, with a referve however of the fovercignty
over them. They are fubjed alfo to the public impofts.
%. The monaftery of Frankenbcrg^ having its feat in the Imperial town
o^Golzlar, without which town it formerly flood, and confining of a
domina, a provoft and a convent of ladies. To this foundation belongs
the village of Eodcrijiein.
3. The following ducal bailiwicks, namely
X. The bailiwick of Ganderjheim^ having its feat in the town of
that name, and confi firing of twenty-one villages. Among them is Neueno'V/,
which lying jufl: without the town, looks like a fuburb, Old-Gandeijlcim,
Ritfigerode, with a manor belonging to the demefne chamber, CSV.
2. The bailiwick of Seejen, having its leat in the little town of Scefcny
and containing fix villages, together with one half of the village oi Liitlc-
Ruben, the other half belonging to Hildeßem. In this bailiwick alfo lies the
farm of Klingenbagcn not far from Sccjcn, and the new Wilkehmhutte at no
great diftancc from Bornum.
3. The bailiwick oi Stauffcnburg, in which Is
IStaufenburg, an ancient cafiile fituated on a high-rock near the Harz,
At a quarter of an hour's diftance, from this town lies the farm of Furßcnbagen.
Gittelde or Gittcl, a town having a manor. At this place alfo is an iron
foundery, belonging in common to the Eleöor and Prince of Brunfioick
and Lüneburg, and which furnifhes very good iron ioi the common mineworks
of the Vfper and Loiver-Harz. The iron ore ufed here is brought
hither from the mine town of Grund.
The village of Ahlß:aujen, in which is a fuperintendency, together with
thofe of Sieverß:aufeu, Badenhaufen and Munchhcf, and the iron foundaries
called the Upper and Undcr-Teicb-Hutte.
4, The Harzburg bailiwick, which derives its name from the very
ancient and fortified caftle of Hartesburg or Harzburg, which flood on
Burgbcrg-h\\\ in the Harz forefl, but in 1650 and 1651 was demolifiied,
and its fine fpring flopped up. The accounts which occur in feveral
books relative to the Harzburg cave and its curiofities are mere fictions.
On the Radau below the Harzburg, lies the village of Neußadt having the
appearance of a town. Accordingly its inhabitants deal little in tillage,
afFe

Wolfcnbuttel.j G E R M A N T. 34.

'
350 GERMANY, [Wolfenbuttel,
8. That of Nienhagen, appertaining to the Brabecks.
9. That of Rimmeroje, belonging to the Grmzines.
10. That of Schachtenbecky fornaed out of the lands of St. Mary'% convent
at Neuendorf x\t^x Ganderßmm, and conferred by Duke "Juliui on the
iiniverfity of Helmßedt, the con-oidioriiim of which is fupported by the revenues
arifing from it.
11. The jurifdiäion of Volkerß^eim, containing the village oi Volkerßeim
and two manors, named the Upper and Under-hof. This jurifdiclion
belongs to the Cra??tms.
12. The jurifdidion of V/indhaufen, appertaining to the Koch family.
13. That of Wolperode, belonging to the Brunings.
IV. The Wefer diftridl, lying between the WeJ'er and the Leine, and
compofed of remnants of the old lordfliips and counties of Homburgs
Eberßein and Daßl. The lail of thefe places having been as it were the
capital of the two former, a previous, but fliort account of them is in fome
meafure neceflary. The lord (hip of Homburg confifted of the vogteys of
Homburg, Hehlen, Hohenbuchen, Greene and Lauenßein, which included
the feveral caftles, towns and boroughs of Homburg, Lauenßein, Boden-
•werder, Stadt, Oldendorf, VVallenfen, Hemmendorj, Eßherßoaufen and Liithorß.
The lords of Homburg (for counts they were not) according to
Mr. Scheidt's very plaufible conjedure, are defcended from Berthold oi Homburg,
who occurs in 114 1 as a witnefs to an inftrument of Sigfrid count
of Bomeneburg, and in whofe comecia the caftle of Homburg flood, as appears
from a record of Bernhard billiop of Hildeß:eim. This Berthold was of the
high nobility, but withal a vaflal to the potent Count Hermann of Winzeftburg.
Henry Lord of Homburg \n 1247, offered his houfe of Lauenßein
as a fief to the Emperor Otho the Child, and another Henry, the lad of
his family, who was murdered in .T409, in the very fame year fold his
lordlhip of Homburg to Duke Bernhard of Brunfwick and Lüneburg, who
accordingly at his deceafe took poflefTion of it. Count Maurice of Spiegelberg,
and his fon of the like name, to whom, during the life of the laft lord of
Homburg, the lordrtiip had previoully done homage, in the fame year renounced
all their rights and pretenfions to this lordfhip. The lords of
Schauenburg alfo laid claim to it, and their demands efcheated to the //rtr^(?;i-
^^;-^ family, who in 1414 receded from them. At length, namely in 1631,'
the abbey of Gajiderßjeim alfo dropped the
pretenfions which it had made to
this lordfiiip. Hamburg feat flood on a fleep mountain above Wickenjen
the bailiwick-houfe, but towards the year 1 542 the greatefl part of it was
pulled down by way of ferving for materials for the bailiwick-houfe.
The counts of Eberßein were probably defcended from the counts of
the fame name, who poffefied the county of Eberßein in the Circle of
Sioabia, though there are other conjedures relating to their lineage. The
territories of thefe counts were of confiderable extent, as among them
were

Wolfenbuttel.] GERMANY. 351
were the bailiwicks of Forß, Furßcnbcrg, Ottcvßcin, Groh}?de, Erzen and
Ohßf!, together with the jurifdidion of Polle, Hamelßheburg, the town
of Holzmundcn, the vogtey of Hameln, and the burg of yuhnde, exclufive
of other places and eftates fituatcd about Gottingen, on the Harz foreft,
and in the diocefes of Paderbor?: and Fulda, as alio in the abbey of Corvcy
the counties of Lippc, Pyrmont, &c. Rberflein caftle ftood on a fleep
mountain above Sobach, and was called the burg or Worberg. Some of
the walls of it are ftill remaining. In the year 1435, PFillian: X^'ukt of
Brnnfwick having made himfelf maüer of this caflle, laid it in ruins.
Duke Albert the Great caufed Count 'Thiej'ry to be hanged up, as a difturber
of the public peace, but his fon Count Otho acquired the lordfhip of
New-Garten in Pomerania, and proved the founder of the Pomeranian
line. Count Hermann the laft of his race (who died in 1413, though
others fiy in 1423, and others again in 1433,) conferred his lordfliip of
Eberßein as a portion on his daughter Elizabeth, who in 1408, was
married to Otho the Lame, fon to Bernhard Duke of Bru?ißwick and
Lüneburg.
We now proceed to the defcription of the Weßer diftricl, in which are
I. The following towns, namely
Holzmimden, anciently called Holtefminne and Holtfmvie, a fmall and at
prefent an open town on the Wefer, which at this place receives into it
the river Holts or Holtßche, from the mouth of which the town takes its
name. Holzmunden is continually improving, and the feat of the general
fuperintendency of the Wefer diftridl, and in it is a Lfl/Zw-fchool to which
were added the ancient fchool and library of the convent oi Amehmxborny
Duke Charles alfo purchafed for it the colleäion of books left by the celebrated
"Jacob Bernhard. In this town are divers manufadurers, and the
iron and fteel works here vend great quantities of excellent ware. The
manfion-houfe is at prefent poflefled by the barons of JVriesberg. A toll is
paid here by veflels pafling on the Wejer. Towards the end of the twelfth
century the lords oi Holtefminne, who failed in the fourtenth century made
over the place, with referv^e of the Hef of Cor^vy-houfe, to the counts
oi Eberßein, under whom it obtained a charter, which in 1245 was confirmed
to it by Count Otho. In 1410 the town became abfolutely dependent on
Duke Otho, whofe fon Otho in 14 14 ratified its charter and all its other
privileges. In 1640 the greatefl: part of it was burnt down by the Iniperialißs.
Stadt-Oldendorf, in ancient records fliled 'uetus villa, iirbs vetus villa and
OldendorJ civitas, a little walled town of about two hundred houfes, (landing
on a hill, and containing a manfion-houfe and a fuperintendency. The
abbot of the convent of Amelunxborn is 'pofTefi^ed here of a Hegcr-vogt,
who prefides in the annual Heger court, where alfo the town council
aflifts. Formerly the town belonged to the lords of Homburg, but in
1410 it devolved to the Dukes of Brunjtdck, as a vacant fief.
5 2. The

^^2 O E R M A N r. [Wolfenbuttel.
Z. The following convents, "viz.
1. The Lutheran convent oi Amehmxhorn, properly called y/wc/w/;^/-
horn, (ianding in a little wood between Wickevjm and Bevern. The firtt.
founder of this convent was Sigfrid Count of Bomcncbiirg a defcendant of
the Counts of Nordhthn, and who in ancient records is alfo fliled Count of
Hombtirg. It was originally founded about the year 1120 for Cijlercian
Monks. The abbey has for a long time been conneded with the general
fuperintendency of Holzmunden, and thus one perfon is inverted with both.
The priorfliip here has been fuppreffed, but the redlor o'iGmiderßoeim is always
fubprior. The conventual ellates are managed by the bailiff, who is alfo
poflefled of the lower jurifdidion over the conventual villages of /fö^'/?;7^frg',
Lobach and Negenborn. The higher jurifdidion is divided between the
bailiwicks of Wickenfcn and Forß. To the convent further belong certain
farms at Eimbeck, Erzhaiijen in Greene bailiwick and Schnedinghaufen^ in
the bailiwick of Moringen, exclufive of fome feudal eftates at Landringhaufcn
in the bailiwick of Calenberg, and a forefl court at Stadt, Oldendorf.
The conventual Ichool which had a redlor and chanter with twelve penfioners
maintained out of the revenues belonging to the convent, is removed
to Holzmunden. The conventual church is ferved by the paftor
ef Negenborn.
2. The convent oiK€mnade,\n Latin Caminata, fltuated near the town
of Bodenwerder. This convent was anciently a nunnery and an imperial
foundation, confirmed by the Emperor Henry II. Conrad lU. conferred it on
the abbey of Cor'uey, which occafioned great animofities. Duke Henry the
Lion retained the Supremacy over it. At prefent its lands are mortgaged.
Adjoining to the convent is a village containing a church. The paftor of
Bodcn'wcrder is alfo paftor of Kemnade, and its dead are buried in Kemnade
church-yard.
3. The following bailiwicks : namely
I. The bailiwick of Wickenjen, being the largeft in all ihcWefer diftrict,
and containing under it the ancient vogtey of Homburg. JVickenfen, the bailiwick-houfe,
formerly called /F/(:-^fÄ/'ßz//^«,ftandson the bordersofthe mountain,
on which once flood Homburg-ho\i{e, and was eredled out of the ftones of
that building. In 1022 this place was called Wickinafeldißon. The
bailiwick is divided into
1. The Oberborde, in which are fourteen villages, with EJcherßiaufen a
market-town feated on a hill near the fide of the Leiine. In this town are
about one hundred houfes, and in 175 1 a magiftracy and juftice were
appointed over it. In an inftrument of the Emperor Henry IV. this
place is termed Afcherejlmfen.
2. The XJnterborde, containing thirteen villages, among which are Halle,
and Kirchbrack, with two manfion-houfes, Henrichjhagen, Heyen, &c.
Not far from Heyen in Hegerholz towards Linfe is a little eminence
called

Wolfenbuttel.] GERMANY.
353
called Lauenburg from a caft'e of that name, which formerly flood on it,
and of which feme remains are ftill to be feen.
2. The bailiwick of Grt'^/zt', confifling of twenty villages, and being once
a vogtey of the lordfhip of Homburg. The bailiwick-houfe here hes in the
large parochial-village of Greene on the river Leine, which village is alfo
the feat of a fuperintendency. On a hill in the forefl: are flill remaining
fome towers, and other parts of the old caftle, which after being demoliflied
in 1553 by Count M^«j/t'/(^ was rebuilt, but greatly damaged again
in the thirty years war. In the village of Erzhaufen,, anciently called
Erdijhujen, is a farm belonging to the convent of Amelunxborn. Not far
from Delligfen is an iron foundery named Karlßmtte. The ore ufed in this
foundery is dug in Hil's hill, which is covered with woods, and where alfo
is a looking-glafs manufadory called the griine Plan, famous for the
beauty of its glafs of which it makes great quantities. Above the little
village q{ HoheJibuchen i\.2inds Hohenbuchen or Hoimboken-hovi(Q in Latin Aha
fagOy which gave title to fome lords, but in 1355 the lordfliip devolved to
thofe of Homburg.
3. The bailiwick of Fojji fituated on. the Wefer. The bailiwick-houfc
of the like name, but formerly called Varjian, lies beneath the burg or
Worberge, on which flood the caflle of Eberjlein. Adjoining to the bailiwick-houfe
is a fmall-church. To the bailiwick alfo belong fix villages.
Of thefe the principal is Golmbach, which is parochial.
4. The bailiwick or jurifdidlion of Bevern, formerly belonging to a
noble family furnamed from it, but which failed in the lafl quarter of
the fixteenth century.
This bailiwick was conferred as a fief on Statz 'von
Mufichhaujen, who built the prefent feat there, but his fons by reafon of
their narrow circumflances were obliged to refign the fief to the Sovereign
in conlideration of a fmall fum of money. Duke Ferdinand Albert fixed
his relldence at Bevern and became the founder of the Bevern line. This,
jurifdidlion contains under it only one place, viz.
Bevern, a market-town fituated on the weft fide of the burg or JVorberg
below Sollingerwalde, and lying on the little river Bever. In this
town ftands the above-mentioned feat of the Prince's ; as alio a fuperintendency.
5. The bailiwick of Ailerßeim, containing four villages. The bailiwick-houfe
of Allerjheim or Allerjfen lies one quarter of an hour's diftance
from Bevern. It was anciently called Eilerfen, and was a farm of the
convent oi Amelunxborn, which making an exchange of it, a bailiwick wa«
thereby formed by annexing it to fome of the adjacent places. Brack village
was formerly called Novate, as the parochial-village of Aarholzen was
named AJclloldeJJ'in, Adelolldesjheim and AderoldeJJen. In the SollingerivalJe
lies the farm of Neuhaufz.
6. The bailiwick of Furjlenberg, confifting at prefent of only two
.Vol. VI. Zz parochial

354
GERMANY. [Wollenbuttel.
parochial villages, namely Bovzen or Bofzen, i. e. Boveßielm, and Derenthal,
The ancient feat of Furßenberg ftands on a rock of confiderable heighth,
being fortified with a ftrong wall and two draw bridges, and commanding
a beautiful profpeft. At prefent a fine porcelain is made here.
Not far from it lies the bailiwick-houfe. The bailiwick itfelf belonged
formerly to the counts o( Dafffl, bat in 1 130 with the confent of the abbot
of Corvey, who is lord paramount, thefe counts difpofed of it to thofe of
Eberßci?!.
7. The bailiwick of Ottenßcin^ fituated on the other fide of the Wefer.
Ottenjlein houfe was firfl: built by Otho II. Count of Eberflein^ and is at
prefent the feat of the bailiwick. It ftands high with a market-town adjoining
to it. The bailiwick further includes under it the village of Grave
on the Wefer ^ with Lichtenhagen and Hohe, the laft of which is parochial.
4. The following jurifdidlions belonging to noblemen, viz.
1. The jurifdiftion of Bifperode, containing the village of Bi/perode,
anciently Bifchcßrode, and in Latin Novak epijcopi, with Befzingen. This
jurifdiäion belongs to the counts of Metternich. The upper jurifdiftion
in it belongs to the bailiwick of Wickenfen.
2. The jurifdidion of Deenfen, having its feat in the parochial-village
o^ Deenfen, anciently called Deitereßeim, and belonging to the Campen family,
who are poflefled of both jurifdidtions. Near the village in the Sollingerwalde,
clofe by Schornborn dyke is the glafs-houfe of Schornborn noted for
its
fine glafs.
3. The jurifdidion of Hörif/Wf, fituated in the parochial-village ofthat
name, and belonging to the Noltings, who are poflefled of the low jurifdidtion,
the high jurifdiftion being lodged in the bailiwick oi Wickenjen.
4. The jurifdidion of Hehlen, belonging to the counts of Schulenburg,
who are inverted with both jurifdidions over the villages of Hehlen,
Brockel and Dafpe. In the firft of thefe is a feat and a parochial-church.
c. The ]uv\{d\Gt\onoi Mei?ibrexen, fituated in the parochial-village ofthat
name, which alfo contains a feat. This diftrid belongs to the Manszberg
familv, who are poflefled only of the lower jurifdidion, the upper being
lodged in the bailiwick of Furßenberg.
6. The jurifdidon of Brunkenfen, containing a parochial-church, together
with the village oiLiitgen (or Little,) Holzen fen, as alfo Koppengraben or
Coppengrave, and belonging to the Barons Gorz of the name oi Wriesberg.
The high jurifdidion here is annexed to Greene bailiwick.
7. The iurifdidion of Weßerbrack having its feat in the village of that
name, and belonging to the Grone family. The bailvvick of Wickenfen is
inverted with the upper jurifdidion.
* * *
The houfe of Brunßaick-Wclfenbuttel'is alfo poflefled of a part of the bailiwick
oilhedinghaujen, the hiftory and fituation of which has been related
under

Halber/ladt. J
GERMANY.
355
under tlie article of the county of Hoya in the circle oi IVeßphalia. To this
jurifdi(flion belong the villages of Burger, Hagen, and tVeßerwiJch.
The Principality of Halberstadt,
with its incorporated Counties and Lordiliips.
§. I. r\^ the principality of Halbcrßadt, Homajins heirs publiflied a v^ery
^^ good map in 1750, defigned by Riefe with Malers improvements,
fo that now the other maps by Zetter, copied by Blaeu, 'JanJJon, Funk,
Schenk, Valk and others, both with and without amendments, is become of
little ufe. Of the bailiwick of Wcferl'mgen, which is not to be found in
thefe maps, Weither has given us a good reprefentation in his Magdehufgifchcn
Mergwurdigkeiten, Vol. V.
§. 2. This country is furrounded by the principality of Wolfenbu'.tel, the
dutchy oi Magdeburg, the principality of Anhalt, the county of Mansfeld,
the abbey of ^ledlinburg, the principality of Blankenburg, the county of
Wa-nigerode, and the diocefe of HildePxim. According to the abovementioned
maps its greatefl: extent from weft to eaft is about nine geooraphical
miles, and from north to fouth feven. The bailiwick oiWerferlingen
lies
feparate on the Aller.
§. 3. This principality is for the moft part level, but contains alfo fome
eminences, though few hills. Of thefe the largeft are in the county of
Regenßein, zhoxxt Weßerhaufen and Thai: the others are but fmall. The
foil is extremely fertile both in grain and flax, with rich pafturages and
meadows, particularly in the neighbourhood of Bruch, which is the hay
magazine of the whole principality. The grafery here alfo is confiderable,
and their large breeds of flieep afford plenty of wool. On the other hand
the woods are continually leffening, and at prefent the want of fewel there
is fo great that the very poor have turf from the Seeland and Thai grounds,
and even ftraw and ftubble is ufed for it. The coal-pits in the Falkenßein
bailiwick are of no great importance, and the Afcherßcb falt-work is
at a ftand, but there is now a projeft on foot for renewing the copper mineworks
at Thai Of game and fifli the country has not even a fufficiency,
neither is there a river in it of any confiderable bignefs. The principal is
the Bode or Bude, which comes out of the principality of Blankenburg,
not far from the convent of Hederßeben. The Selke rifes in the
principality of Anhalt near Guntersberg, and after receiving the Holz-Etnme
At Nienhagen, which iffues from the county of Wernigerodi:, runs into the
dutchy of Magdeburg. The Jlje comes from the county of IVernigercde,
and pafl'ing through the weftern part of this principality, from thence
continues its courfe into that of Wo[f'cnbiatel, where it joins the Ocker.
The Aller only touches on the bailiwick of Ofiherßeben, but runs quite
Z z 2 through

356 GERMANY. [Halberftadt.
through that of IVefirllngen. The Wippcr alfo courfes along a part of the
principality not far from Afcherßeben, where it receives into it the Ei?ie.
§. 4. In this country, including the county of Regenjlein and lordfhip
of Dercnburg^ are three Haupjladte, as they are called, which fend reprefentatives
to the Diet, together with ten fmall towns and ninety-nine country
towns and villages. From 1750 to 1757, one year with another, the
number of burials here amounted to 2770, whence that of its inhabitants
may be eftimated at upwards of 200,000. The States are
compofed i. Of the prelates, who are, i. The chapter of Halberßadt as
Clcrus prifnariuSj which fends its dean or a provincial-counfellor, 2. The
Clerus fecundariuSj as namely the four collegiate foundations and three
Reman catholic convents of Monks, "viz. Hayiburg, Hammerßeben and St.
"John of Halberßadt. 2. The nobility, who are fettled in the country and
pofTelTed of manors. 3. The magiftrates of the three Ä?«;5//^ö'/f, namefy
Halterßadty Aßherßebin and Oflerwick, of whom one is fometimes appointed
provincial-counfellor, but muft be confirmed by the Sovereign.
The Diets here are ufually held every Ember week. The reprefentatives
take an oath both to the Sovereign and the country.
§. 5. The greateft part of the inhabitants are hiitherajis. The churches
of that religion are divided into eleven infpedljons, over which is a general
fuperintendency. The Cahijiißs and Runan catholics are pretty near?y
equal in number. The latter are prohibited from making converts, as
the convents, by an ordinance of 1702, are from purchafing immoveable
eftates. The "^ewi are tolerated to a fixed number of families.
§. 6. The woollen manufadlures eftablifhed in this country are in a
thriving condition.
Its exports are principally grain and broihan.
§. 7. The principality of Halberßadt derives its origin from the ancient
bifhopric of that name. The Emperor Charles the Great is faid to have
intended the eredtion of the fee, but it did not take place till under his (on
Lewis I. and its firfl bifliop was Hildegri?i, who was confecrated in the
year 814. At ihe treaty oi Weßphalia in J648 the diocefe was transferred
to the eledlcral houfe of Brandenburg as a temporal principality. But it
was at that time in a bad lituatioio, mofl of the eflates and bailiwicks
belonging to it being alienated. By good management however, thefe were
gradually redeemed. How the late bifliopric, and the new principality
attained to its prefent extent, by the incorporation of the counties and lordfhips
of Falkenßti?], AJcherßeben, Lora, Klettenberg^, Regerßein, Derenburg and
other bailiwicks, places and eflates, will appear in the following more
part'cular defcription.
§. 8. On its devolution to the houfe of Brandenburg^ it was placed both
n title and arms, before any of the other principalities. Its arms are
party -per pale ruby and pearl.
§, 9. It enjoys a vote among the Princes both in the Diet of the
Empire

Halberftadt.] GERMANY.
357
Empire, and that of the circle. To a Roman month it families fourteen
horfe and fixty-fix foot, or four-hundred and thirty-two florins, exclufive
of the afleflment of the lordfhips of Lora and Kletienberg, and likewife
of the county of Regenflein. It is rated each payment to the chamber at
Wetzlar in one hundred and fixty-two rixdollars twenty-four icruitzers.
§. 10. Two hereditary ports of this principality are flill fubfifting, viz.
that of hereditary marfliai, which is enjoyed by the family of Rofzingy
and that of hereditary cup-bear, held by the Schcnks of Flcchtingen:
The office of hereditary-treafurer belonged to the counts of Hoyjn, but
that family having in 17 13 fold all their lands in this country to the Sovereign,
the faid office was abolifhed.
§. II. Halberßadt, the capital, is the feat of all the State -courts and
offices, as alfo of the regency, which likewife conftitutes the chamber of
fiefs, and with the addition of a certain number of ecclefiaftics the confiftory.
In this town are held the war and demefne-offices, to which
belongs the bailiwick of Forß^ as alfo the criminal court and the court
of minors.
§. 12. The annual revenue arifing to the Sovereign from this principality
and the incorporated counties and lordfliips, including likewife the county
of Wernigerode, amounts to about 500,000 rixdollars. For the more convex
nient levying of the imports and affert*ments, the principality is divided into
fix circles, namely thofe of Halberjiadt, Oflerwick^ Afcherßeben or Afcan,
Ermßeben or Falkenßein, Weßerhauj'en or Reinßein and the Harz or Höhendßein
circle. The lart of theie having been defcribed at the end of the
Upper-Saxony circle, in which lie the lordlhips of Lora and Kletlcnbcrg,
only the five firft remain to be treated of, which we fhalldo in the follow'-
ing order, w». >
I. The Halberßadt circle contains under It
I. Halberßadt, the capital of the principality lying on the Holz Emme.
In the year 1752, the walls v/hich environed near one half of this city
were pulled down, and the moats filled up io as to form a level, which
has been converted into a plantation of mulberry trees. The buildin^rs here
are old fiifliioned and irregular. The inhabitants do not much exceed
1300, notwithftandingvvhich within and about the town are fixteen churches.
Peterß}of, formerly the epifcopal refidence, is atprefent the place of all the Sovereign's
offices, and the records, together v/ith the funds of feveral taxes and
likewife of the derrjefnes are aUo kept there. The Commiße am Markt
was an epifcopal palace, which was rebuilt in 1606 by Bifliop Henry
Julius, but in 1685 the Sovereign demanded it of the cathedra! chapter
as a horde eftate, and thus at prefent it is covertcd into the town-hoafe,
the toll and excife-offices. The cathedral or St. Peter's is an old bat
ftately building confirting of a very hard free-ftone. The chapter is com-
•
pofed of a provaft, a dean, a fcnior and fubfeniors and fixteen
canons,
'

i58 GERMANY. [Halberftadt.
canons, of whom four are Roman catholic, but all the others Lutheran.
To it alfo belong eight Minoren prabtmdoti and twenty-two Eleäi. In
1754 Fredrick II. conferred on the chapter a diftinguidiing crofs of gold
enamelled with white, and divided into eight points. In the centre on
one fide is the Frußan black-eagle, and on the other the image of St.
Stephen. This crofs is faflened to a deep fcarlet ribbon, bordered with
black. The cathedral being pofleiled of the burg jurifdidion, it exercifes
that right by means of a burgvogt. On the fquare named from it, which
is very fpacious, ftands the priory, and a nunnery, the latter of which was
rebuilt in 1754, with fome handfome houfes for the canons and prebendaries.
Fronting the cathedral is the Lutheran collegiate church oi our Lady,
To them alfo belong the collegiate churches of St. Boniface and Maurice^
and St. Fdcr and Faiil^ St. Martin\ to which the general fuperintcndency
of the principality is annexed, St. John's, the hojpital or Holy-Ghoji church
and likewife that of St. Elizabeth'^ hofpital, the laft of which lies near the
new town without the walls. The German Cahi?iijis are pofTefTed of the Hofkirche,
formerly called St. Feter's chapel, near the Peter/Ijof, and to the
French Cakinijis is alTigned the church on the Antonßxif. The Ro?nancatholics
arc poffefled of three convents of monks and two nunneries,
one of which together with its church flands without the town, and to
thefe is to be added the chapel of the voluntary poor. The Jews too arc
allowed afynagogue. In Halberftadt are three public Lutheran Latin fchools,
namely thofe of the cathedral, Sr. Martin and St. Johns. Near the Dominican
convent is an orphan-houfe, and at Harfzleber gate lies the Bridewell,
which is a large free-ftone building. The magiftracy are polTefTed of the
civil jurifdiäion ; the criminal jurifdidion is lodged in the city judge
and Schoppens. The conventuals hold the jurifdidion over the houfes
within their refpedive liberties, the bailiwick of Majorey, and all places
without the town-walls, and the French colony has alfo its own judge. In
11 '^9 the town was reduced to aflies by the troops oi Henry the Lion, in
revenge of an injury done to him and his territories by Bifliop Ulrich. In
120^ it was wailed and moated. The increafe of its inhabitants occafioned
the building of the fuburbs of Weßendorf IlvA Vogtey, the houfe-keepers in
which are put on the fame footing with the town burghers. Towards the
beginning of the prefent century was added to it the fuburb called the
G/c/'i?r on the other fide of the Hö/z-fiww^. In \y ^'6 Halberßadt was very
feverely treated by the French, who demoliflied its gates, and likewife its
walls for eight hundred rods in length.
2. The following bailiwicks of the Sovereign : 'viz.
I . The bailiwick of Majorey, lying within the town oiHalberßadt, and
pofiefled of the right of jurifdidion over its Feldmark or territories, as
al.o over the village oiWehrßedt, which confifls almoft entirely of gardens,
tcgcther with the village of Grcat-^ienßedt, in which are two cliurches,
L:lth-^ie}ßcdt and Sarkßedt.
2. The

Halberftadt.] GERMANY, 359
2, The bailiwick o^ Gruningen, containing
Gruningen, better written Groningen, a Imall town or rather precindt
fituated on the Bode. At this place is a ftately feat eredted by Bifliop Henry
Julhts, between the years 15H6 and 1590, the chapel of which is ornamented
with mod beautiful paintings. It has alfo fome manfion-houfes.
So early as the year 936, Groningen in the record relating to the foundation
of the abbey of that name, is Itiled a town, but at what time it fell to
the fee of Halberßadt is uncertain. Bifliop Albert III. in 1371 redeemed
it from a mortgage, and endowed it with a charter.
South-Gruningen, a parochial-village lying near the foregoing towr»
'North-Gnmingen^ the name of another village here, has been long fince
deftroyed.
Kroppenßedt^ a fmall town or precindl:. Its twenty-eight renters or
troopers, of whom each is pofl'efled of a huf of land, and who are all nominated
by the regency, are
defcended from Ludolphus archbifliop of Magdeburg,
who was a native of this place. Thefe perform the duties of
troopers and guards, and on any folemnity or other occafion are to appear
on horfeback with complete uniforms and accoutrements. But fince the
year 17 16 fome burghers have been exempted from thefe cavalcades,
though in confideration of their immunity they annually pay one hundred
rixdollars, to tht hdiiWvi'xck oi Griini?igen. In 171 3 this little place fuffered
extremely by fire.
Rochßedt, a fmall town or precind, fituated not far from /Zi/z^d'/w.'?/^. At
this place was a manfion-houfe, which being purchafed by the Prince in
1732 he converted it into a bailiwick, adding to it fome of its appurtenances.
Rochßedt anciently belonged to the county of AJclm-ßeben.
WegeleheUy a fmall town or precindt, feated on the Goldbeck, which
formerly belonged to the county of Ajcherßeben. The two brothers Otko
and Henry counts of Anhalt in 1267 made a tender of this place as a fief to
to the fea oi Magdeburg. In 1288 they mortgaged it to the bilhopric cf
Halberßadt, which afterwards acquired the entire pofiefilon of it. At this
place are fome manhon-houfes belonging to noblemen. JVegeleben burgwas
for a long time pofi'efi'ed by the Hoym family, but is at prefent become
a demefne, which is farmed to a bailiff.
The Cißercian nunnery of Aderßebcn founded in 1282 by Bifliop^
Albert I. of the houfe of Anhalt, whilft only a canon.
Schwanebeck,a fmall town, fituated on the Limbach,znd^orn\tr\y containing
a palace, which, together with its appurtenances, the Counts Ulrich and
Albert oiRei/ßein, conferred, in the year 1270, on Albert the Great, Duke of
Brunjwick, and his brother John. Near it lies a Popißj chapel, to which after
Corpus Cbrißi day is a great refort of pilgrims.
•
Three other villages and a farm.
3. The conventual bailiwick of Gruningcn, formed out of a convent of
monks,.

36o GERMANY. [Ilalberftadf.
monks, which anciently ftood without the town of Gruningen, and ha-otlorf, fituated on the Bode^ and confifiing of
four villages.
7. The

Halber/ladt.] GERMANY, 361
7, The bailiwick of Wejerlivg, lying without the principarty on the
Aller in the HolzlaJjd, and being environed with the principality of Wolfenbuttely
the Old Mark, and the dutchy of Magdeburg. The foil here is
bad, but of wood it enjoys even a fuperfiuity. Formerly it belonged to
the 7:Z"W^^? family, which held fiefs both of the dukes of Brunjhick, and the
bifhops of Halberjladt, till on account of the depredations committed by
Laurance Honlage, Bifhop Ernefl in 1487 laid liege to his caftle, and
having taken it, in 1401 came to an agreement about it with the Dukes of
Brunj'wick : Since which time this bailiwick has been annexed to thü
diucefe of Halbe7JladL In 1650 the Eledor Frederick V/illiam parted
with it to "John Chrijiopher Count Konigpnark, who in 1662 difpofed of it
to Frederick landgrave of HeJJc-Hombwg^ and he in 1701 again to King
Frederick I. for the fuui of 40,000 rixdollars, who in 1706 conferred it
on Cbrijiian Henry Marggrave of Culmbach. In 171 5 it was reaffumed
and has ever iince been managed by the King's officers. To it belongs
Weferlingen, a market fituated on the Aller, and containing an infpedtlon,
with eleven villages, two farms, and Walbeck a Lutheran abbey founded bv
Count Luther of Walbeck, who likewife bequeathed to it the tenth part of
his eftates. This abbey was dedicated in the year 997. Adjoining to it is
a village.
3. The cathedral bailiwick of Harßeben, having its feat in the village of
the like name, fituated not far from Halberßadt.
4. Aderßedt, Beckendorf, Etmneringen, Fmerßeben, Gunßeben, Lan^enßeiny
Neindorf, Nienburg and Nienßedt, all villages belonging to noblemen.
II. The circle of Afcberßeben or Afcan, comprehending the tradl which
once formed the Afcherßeben or Gaterßeben lake, being near two German
mile? in length and about half a one broad. Between the years 1703 and
1709 this lake was drained, and is thus become at prefentgood corn ground
and pafture-land. The town of Afcherßeben refuCmg to be concerned in the
draining of this lake, twenty-eight hufs of land were affigned to it, inllead of
the one hundred and thirteen, which it would otherwife have had. The Prince
of yf«/6^//-B^r;z/^ttr^'s (liare confifted of one hundred and thirty-eight hufs
and a half, the remainder was added to Seeleben a farm of the Princes, or farmed
out to the town of Afcherßeben and the adjacent villages. To this circle belongs
I. Afcherßeben, in Latin Afcharia, fituated on the Eine, and forming the
fecond flate town in the whole principality. Belonging to it are three
churches, of vsrhich one is common both to the Lutherans and Calvinifts.
It was once the capital of a county to which it gave name, and was alio
one of the moft ancient provinces of the houfe of Anhalt. Billiop
Albert I. Prince by birth of Anhalt, having made himfelf maCler of this
town, in 13 19 annexed to it the diocefe, Iince which all the endeavours
of the houfe of Anhalt to recover it have proved ineffedual, and though in
the year 1 547 it was taken by Prince Wolfgang, yet he kept poflelTion of
Vol. VI. A a a it

302 GERMANY, [Halberftadt.
it, but for a fliort time. It has fufFered greatly both by fire and war. At this
place was once a falt-work, which was difcontinued towards the end of
the feventeenth century, but a perfon of the name o^ Schmettau having fitted
it up again he fold it to two Leipzig merchants, who after a vaft expence
to little purpofe made an open fale of it ; at which one half was purchafed
for 30,000 rixdollars by Mr. Zech privy-counfellor to the King of
Poland, and a perfon named Heidaireich paid 20,000 for the other. But
the charges exceeding the profits, this work has again been difcontinued
and the buildings pulled down.
Within the jurifdidtion of this town, is included the village of Great-
Schierßedt-j which though fituated at a fmall diftance from it, yet lies in
the dutchy of Magdeburg.
Not far from this town alfo formerly flood the caftle oi Afcanian^ of which
at prefent there are very fmall remains.
2. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Sovereign : 'viz.
1. The bailiwick of Gaterßeben, containing the village of Gaterßeben
on the Seike, together with the village of Hederßeben alio fituated on the
Selke^ and in which is a Cißercian nunnery with four others.
2. The bailiwick of Neindorf, having its feat at Haiijz-Neindorf^ and
containing Ibme noblemens farms.
3. The bailiwick of Scbieidüngen, belonging to the cathedral chapter,
and comprehending under it the village of Schneidüngen, with Upper and
Loiaer-Börnecke.
4. The bailiwick of Winningen, appertaining to the Prince of Hejfe-
Homburg, and confifting of the villages of Winningen and V/ilßeben. This
bailiwick once belonged to the convent of Michaelßein, but in 1623 was
mortgaged by the Duke and abbot Chrißian for the fum of 36000 rixdollars
to Lewis Prince of Anhalt, from whom it defcended to the counts
of Konigfmark, and from them came again to the Landgraves of Hejfe-
Honbtirg, who flill keep pofleflion of it, though not without a very
chargeable proce.'s with the above-metioned convent.
5. ViSiorfeck, a farm belonging to the Prince of Atihalt-Bernburg-Hoyrn.
To this farm alfo appertain one hundred and thirty-eight ~ hufs of land
which in 1710 were by meafurement affigned to the Prince of Anhalt-
Bernburg, out of the land accruing from the draining of the Afcherfiebenlake.
This portion of land was given him in lieu of a demand of
SOjCOO rixdollars, which he had on the county of Teckle?iburg,
6. Wcftorf on the Eim, belonging to the Stammer family.
III. The Ermßeben or Falkenßein Circle, including
I, The following bailiwicks belonging to the Sovereign : 'viz.
I. The bailiwick of Ermfiebeu, containing
Ermßeben, a fmall town, having a feat on the Selke, and once belonging
to the counts of Falkenßein. In the year 1332 Count Burchard made an
abfolute

Halberftadt.] GERMANY. 363
abfolute and perpetual donation of this place, together with the caftle of
Falkenßein to the fee o{ Halbcrßadt, Till 1684 it was held by the Ho^rn
family, but in that year devolved to the Sovereign. In 17 17 a great fire
happened at this place.
Sinfzkben, Neu-plate7idorf and Niederdorf, all villages.
2. The bailiwick of Conradsbiirg, which is fo called from Conradsburg a
farm feated on a hill not far from Ermßeben. This bailiwick alfo in 1684.
devolved from the family oi Hoym to the Sovereign.
2. The bailiwick of Falkejtjiein, belonging to the yl/pbtirg family and fo
called from the very ancient caftle of Falkenjlein, which ftands on a high
hill without the Harz. It once gave title to counts, who are mentioned
in the twelfth century, and appear to have failed in the perfon of Count
Burchard, from whom in 1332 the fee of Ha/berßadf received this burg,
together with the town of £r//?/7(?/5^;z, as a free donation. The counts of
ReinßeiJi laid claim to it, but in 1338 compromifed matters with the fee. In
1428 Bifiiop yolm mortgaged the burg to Count Mansfcld, but it v/as
again foon redeemed, and conferred as a fief on the Ajj'ekirg family, who
ftill pay it. Among the five villages included in it is Meisdorf, containing
a coal-pit.
IV. The Weßerhaus or Reinßein circle, confifting of the county of
Reinßein,
and the lordfliip of Derenburg.
I. The county of R.egenßcin or Keinfcin lies for the mofl: part without
the Harz forefl:, and fome part of it even on it. Anciently it formed but
one county in conjunöion with that of Blankenburg, the counts of Regenßein
and Blankenburg being derived of the fame flem. Both Reinftein
and Blankenburg were among the hereditary lands of Duke Hefiry the Lion,
and in 1203 fell to his youngeft ion Pnnce fVii/iam of Lüneburg. The
counts to whom it gave title were alfo vaflals to the Oukes of Brunpwick
and Lüneburg. Sigjrid and Conrad fons to Poppo Count of Blankenburg
founded two lines, viz. The former that of Blankenburg and the latter
that of Reinßein. The latter alfo had a fon named Frederick in the
perfon of whofe fon named Ccnrad, the old Reinftein line became extinct
towards the middle of the thirteenth century. Count Sigjrid of Blankenburg
had two fons, namely Sigjrid the Elder and Henry the T'ounger,
the former of whom founded the Blankenburg-l'me, which afterwards failed,
and the latter the younger Reinftein branch, which branch in the brothers
Henry and Ulrich was further fubdivided into thofe of Reinßein and Hiniburg,
Of thefe the latter in procefs of time, became poffefled of the whole
county, that is to fay, both of Blankenburg and Rei7ijlcin. They generally
allumed the title of Reinftein, but failed in 1599 in the perfon of Count
fchn Ernejt, upon which i^fwrv Julius Duke of Bruffwick and Lunebjirg,
as lord paramount, took pofleffion of thefe countries. The counts of
Reinftein however were further poffeiTed of certain eflates, which they
A a a 2 held

364 GERMANY, [Halberftadt.
held as fiefs from the bifliop of Halberftadt^ and of thefe eftates the
above-mentioned Duke, received in 1583 a reverfionary grant from his
father, as prefumptive Bilhop of Halberftadt, which grant occafioned the
county of Reinftebi to be afterwards efteemed a fief of that fee. On the
deceafe of Duke Henry °Julhn the county of Reinftein, with the other
lands belonging to the principality of Woljenbuttel fell to his fon Duke
Frederick Vlricb, and on his deceafe Duke Augußiis of Zell took pofleflion
cf it in the name of the whole princely houfe, and made the firfl advances
towards an agreement with the Swedijh governor of Halberftadt, who
gave him fome moleftation in his new acquifitions. In 1635 it was
conferred on Duke William of Haarburg, who continued in pofleffion of it
till his death in 1642, when Frederick Duke of Zell, and ylugu/ius Duke of
UWenbuttcl p\n\\y took poffeflion of it: but Leopold IViHiam zrchduke of
Aiftria having in 1641 made himfelf mafter of the diocefe of Halberftadt
by open force, and looking on the county of Reinftein as a fief, which
liad devolved to him, he conferred it on William Leopold count of Tattenhach,
who was not only fupported by the cathedral chapter, but alfo by the
Emperor F(?r^/;/rtW III. and in 1660 confirmed by the Emperor Leopold.
It had likewife been flipulated at the peace oi Weftphalia, that the Eledlor
of Brandenburg fliould renew the inveftiture of the county oiReviftein,
the counts of Tattenbacb. The houfe of Bninfmck-Luneburg fo far acquiefced
in the firfl inveftiture of the Count, that Duke Augujlus of Woljenbuttel
with the confent of his relations, in the years 1643 and 1644
alfo inverted him with thofe parts, which the counts of Reinftein had held
as fiefs of Brunfüüick and Lüneburg, which invefliture he again renewed
in 1650. Count Tattenbacb being beheaded in 1670, the Eieftor of Brandenburg
reafiumed the whole county of Reinftein as a forfeited fief of
Halberftadt, and retains it to this day, notwithftanding the demands of the
houfe of Brunjwick-Luneburg relative to a reflitution of that part of the
county, which the counts of Tattenbacb had held as its fiefs. This has
given rife to a procefs, which is flill depending before the aulic counciL
The ulual afiTellment of the counts of Reinftein and Blankenbwg to a
Roman month was twenty-four florins. In the prefent county is
1. Regenjtein or Reinflein, formerly a ftrong caftle fituated not far fpom
Blankenburg, but which lay for a long time in ruins till the Eleöor Frederick
William 'm. 1 67 1 caufed it to be repaired. In 1757, it was taken by
the Frencb, but in 1758 furrendered again to \\\ePru/jians, who rafed it.
2. Wejterbaifen a bailiwick belonging to the Prince and coataining
under it
Wefterhaujen, a town, which till the year 1675 was the feat of the
regency of the county of Reinfcin, but at that time became annexed
to
Halberftadt.
Thill, ä village fituated without the Harz foreft and having a copper
mine-
to

Halberftadt.] GERMANY.
365
mine-work, which it is thought will be repaired this prefent year 1759.
Its neighbourhood is a good turf country.
The villages of Wurnßedt and Wedderßeben.
3. The bailiwick o^ Stecklenberg, appertaining to the Sovereign. In it are
the villages of Nienfledt and Suderode.
4. The bailiwick of Wi'flerburg, lying on the Bruch (of which a fhort
defcription is given above) and to the north of Dardejfen. At the peace of
WeßphaUa the rights of the houfe of Brunjhvick and Lüneburg to this
bailiwick were referved. About the middle of the feventeenth century it
was held by Frederick Schenk of Winterßedt, to whom it had been mortgaged
by the Steinberg family, who became proprietors of it in 1633, which
laid Frederick being fupported by the Dukes of Bnmßvick and Luneburgy
care was taken at the peace oiWeßphalia to confirm him in the polleffion of it.
But in 1 70 1, on the death oi von Steinbergs, Frederick I. King of Prußa,
conferred it on the Marggrave Albert Frederick, whofe Ion the Marggrave
Frederick Charles Albert is its prefent poffeflbr. It confifts of the caltle of
Weßerburg, and the village of Rorß:eim, as alfo of a part of the villages of
Dedeleben,
Dingelßedt and Deerßxim.
2. The lordfliip of Derenburg, which in the year 1008 was conferred
by the Emperor He?iry II. on the abbey of Ganderßxitn, which abbey iu
1383 difpofed of one half of it as a fief to the Marggraves of Brandenburg,
and in 1481, of the fecond half to xS\Q itt oi Halberßadt. The
counts of Reinßein being involved in this purchafe on account of their
feudal tenures, to this day the houfe of Brandenburg receives it as a lief
from the faid abbey. In the feventeenth century the lords of Velthenn
obtained it by way of mortgage, which mortgage was liquidated by the
Elecftor Frederick III. It never was properly incorporated with the diocefe of
Halberßadt, being rather reckoned a part of the Old Mark, though fubjeä:
to the Prince's colleges at Halberßadt. In it is
Derenburg, a frnnll town with a feat on. the Holz-E??vne^
Danßedt, a village, and two farms.
V. The Ojterwick Circle, containing
1. Oßerwick on the Ilß, the third municipal town of the principality, and
having feveral woollen-manufaftures. Some think this town was anciently
called Seligenßadt, but this has not been proved, and where the
place fo called really flood is ftill unknown.
2. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Sovereign : viz,
I . The bailiwick of Homburg, containing
Horenburg or Homburg, a fniall town, having a feat on the life. This
feat was once fortified, and has been feveral times befieged and taken. Inks
neighbourhood are great quantities of hops.
Velthei/n, Rhoden and O/hrcde, all villages.
2. The bailiwick of Wulperode, comprehending fix villages,
;. The

and
366 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
3. The bailiwick of ^/o/^fr/Zw^f«, confifting of two villages. Stotterlingenhiirg
the bailiwick-houfe was anciently a nunnery founded in the
year 995.
Zilly, a cathedral bailiwick, in which lies the town of Zilly, toge-
3.
ther with Baderßebcn, a village containing an Augiijtine convent, that of
Strophe, the inhabitants of which are noted for their Ikiil at chefs, Abbenrode
a village, with four others and the farm of Mulmke.
4. Dardejfcit hrm, belonging to the deanery of the cathedral. In it
Dardeßc?!, properly called Dardeß.eim, a little walled town lituated on
the Ortsberge, which is a hill containing good ftone-quarries. The ftone dug
in the(e quarries is noted for its infinite variety of petrifications. Nothing can
exceed the profpeft of the Harz forefl: from this place.
Vogehdorf, Rocklian and Huy-Neinjtedt, three villages : with
Bor[el and Dcerjheitit, two villages containing manors.
T'he Dutchies o/~ Schwerin ö-;/^ Gustro,
or the Dutchy of Mecklenburg.
§. I . 'T~^HE
maps of thefe dutchies, which are engraven by de Witt, Covens,
^ Mortier, Ho?nann and others, are far from being fo accurate as
could be w^iflied. That of liomann conftitutes the one hundred and nineteenth
in the Atlas of Germany. At prefent an accurate map of them may
be formed with the greater eafe, in that the compadt of inheritance of
1755, of which fomething more occurs in fedion 4, has occafioned
an exaft menfuration of the country.
§. 2. Thefe lands, to the north lie on the Baltick, eaftward on Pomernnia,
fouthward on the mark oi BrarJcnbwg, and weftward on the diocefe
of Lübeck and the principality of Lüneburg, as alfo on Laiie?ibnrg and
Ratzeburg. Geographers and hiftorians differ greatly in their accounts of
its extent. Bcehrs in his Reb. Med. makes its length fifteen German
miles, and its breadth twelve ; whereas Franke in his Meckletiburg gives it
(and that too exclufive of the lordfliip of Stargard) a length of eighteen
fuch miles, but reduces its breadth to nine, and according to Chrcier it is
from twenty-four to thirty long, with a breadth of nine, ten and eighteen.
The laft computation fcems to approach nearefl: to the truth, but till the
exadl meafurement of the country be compleated, and the refult of it
publirtied in a map, no precil'e determination can be made. Within it
alfo lie the principality of Schwerin, the Swedißi town of Wijtnar,
,
with its
dependencies.
§. 3. With refpedt to the nature and goodnefs of the country the
Mecklenburghers

Mecklenburg.] GERMANY. 367
Mccklenbuj-ghers themfelves difagree : Some extolling it and others again
depreciating it. According to the remonftrance of the nobility in 1718 to the
imperial court againft the contribution required of them, and which is cited
and confirmed by Beehr in liis eighth book de reb. Mecleb. This country is
full of large and fmall lakes from one to three German miles in leno-th,
and from one to one and a half broad, yielding alfo little or nothin^--.
There are likewife large and defolate heaths here, with moors, woods, fens
and quarries. One half of the country confifts of a fandv foil, which
when aflifted with the beft manure, will produce only a little rye and oats,
and the paftures and meadows make but a very indifferent appearance
if compared with thofe of Holftein and Fomerania^ whence of courfe the
gralery here is at a low ebb, and chiefly confifts in the breeding of flieep.
Of the other arable lands here, when well manured, one half, or at beff,
a third bears barley, but produces very little wheat. In general the foil yields
only four for one. But quite different is the account given us by
Chivier in his defcription of this dutchy, and likewife in Frmike's hiftory
of it. According to them, near one tenth part of the country is fandy,
and the very worft of the fandy-land in it produces excellent rye, and
when it lies fallow there cannot be better flieep-walks ; but the country in
general is incomparable, and nothing in Pomerania or Holftein (unqueftionably
they meau the champaign country there) can exceed it. When well
tilled and dunged it yields barley and wheat, and at the very leaft produces
four fold, but generally, five, fix or eight. The country is interfperfed
with delightful eminences, very pleafant and profitable woods, and f^ood
fruit-trees are not wanting in it. Several forefts have been afforted, iens
drained, and together with moors and quarries improved into arable and
pafture-land. The commons and meadows in moft parts are not at all
inferior to thofe oi Holftein and Pomerania^ and are capable ftill of further
improvement. Its grafery too is fo confiderable that the country exports
fome thoufands of cattle. The lakes and rivers yield large revenues, as thev
abound in fiih, particularly in eels and craw-fifli. It muft be acknowledged
that by art and labour,
the face of the country might be greatly improv-ed.
The Marli of Brandenburg^ to which it lies contiguous, and bears a o-re:Tt
refemblance, fliews their marlliy, fandy waftes may be converted into a
fertile, pleafant country > and Baron Lube^ who was chief adminiftrator of
thefe dutchies, publifhed a piece in 1730, wherein he affirms that the
nobility by a fkilful oeconomy, have improved their lands to double or
treble their goodnefs : eftatt-s, which, at the beginning of the eighteenth
century, cofi: only 12 or 20,000 rixdollars, felling for 60 or 80,000.
Now, as in 1632 the nobility eftimated the colledive value of their eftates
at 10,323,317 guilders, according to this computation the prefent value
of them muft at leaft amount to twenty-one millions. In it are alfo faltfprings,
with alum, iron and fome copper.
The

o 68 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
TXxzElbe
waflies the borders of this country to the fouth-weft, where it is
joined by the Eide, which has its foiirce here, as ifl'uing from the Planer
lake : at Lubz it receives a river omitted in the maps, above Parchim
divides itfelf into another branch called the Lockcnitz, and through the
Prignitz runs into the Elbe, but on the confines of the county oi Schwerin
receives the Stor, which makes the outlet of Schwerin lake, and at Eldena
divides itfelf again into two (beams, the eafl:ern of which, after forming
Ibme fmall iilands, and the weftern not far from Domitz ngzxn dividing itfelf
into two branches, they all afterwards lofe themfelves at that place, in the
Elbe. The Reckenitz rifes in the principality of IVetiden, at the village of
Reckenitz, one German mile from Guftro, and having pafTed by Suite forms
the limits between Mechletiburg and Pomera?jia. At Damgard it runs into
a lake, and laftly near Dafferovt difcharges itfelf into the Baltick. The
Pecne alfo rifes in the principality of Wendtn near Grubcnhagen, and pafilng
through the lake oi Malchin, )oins that oi Cummero, then forms the boundaries
between Mecklenburg and Pomerania, after which it leaves the former
a little above Demmin. Its further courfe has been mentioned under
Pomerania. The T'ollenfe iffues out of the lake of that name and running
into the lorddiip of Stargard after watering a part of Pomerania joins the
Peejie. The Warno riles almofi: in the centre of the country, not far
from the village of Herzherg, and continuing its courfe towards
Sternberg, Biitzo and Schivan, receives the Milnitz and Nebel, after which
having formed a lake and harbour at Roftock it falls into the Baltick near
Warnemunde. The Radegaft riles at Stellenz, runs by Gadebufch and Rhena,
after which it is called the Stopeniiz, and having under this name croffed
the lake oi Dajfau, unites its (Iream with the Drave, and thus terminates
in the Baltick. The Havel iiTues out of the Barn-\3k.& near Ankerßagen in
the principality of Wenden, and runs into the Mark of Brandenburg. In
the feventeenth century a projedl was formed for making a navigable canal
from JViftnar to the lake of Schwerin, and fo on through that lake, and
along the Stor and Eide, in fuch a manner as to open a navigation between
the North it^ and the Baltick, without palling through the Sund: but
the delign was dropped, or at leaft has not yet been carried into execution.
The country has only one harbour on the Baltick, namely Roftock, but it
were no difficult matter to make another at Neu-Bucko, and a third at
Rihnitz, the advantages attending which would abundantly over-ballance
the expence.
§. 4. In both dutchies, exclufive of Roftock, are forty-five great and
fiiiall cities, with three convents belonging to the nobility and States of
the country, and five hundred and ninety-four manors. The peafants are
under villanage. In the year 1628, the number of farms belonging to the
Sovereign were one thoufand and one, thole appertaining to the nobility feven
hundred and twenty-feven, and thofe to convents feven hundred and fixtyeight,

Miscklenburg.] GERMANY, 369
eight, whence confcquently in ti)c whole country they amounted (o 2496,
and according to a rcpreleniation of the nobihty in iöög and 1670, botii
dutchies made 12,545 hufs of land.
Parchini, Giijlro and Nc-xo-Brandenburg are (liled the Vorderftadt (or
Metropoks) Parchim being indeed the capital of the Mecklenburg Circle,
Gujlro the capital of that oi PVenden, and New-Brandenburg of the Stargard.
Each alfo convokes the towns of its own Circle, prefides in the afiembly and
adts in its name.
The nobility are accounted a free State and enjoy very confiderable privileges.
]n the convention of Rojhck dated the eighteenth oi April \JSSi
between Duke Chrijlian Lewis and the nobility and commons, it was
agreed that all and evt:y ellate or parcel of land belonging either to the
nobility, the three convents of the country, the diftridt of Ro/iock, the
dependencits'of the municipal towns and oeconomies iliould be meakired
and reduced into hufs, one half of which on performing the feveral fervices
referved in feuJal and allodial patents, fliould be exempt from the
contribution, but the other half remain lubjeä; to it, and agreeably thereto
pay the annual affeffment. Whether fuch meafurement has ever taken
place, I know not. The States are compofed of the nobility and towns.
in 1523 the nobility and commons of the two dutchies of Schwerin and
Gujiro entered into an indiflbluble compacl of union, which has been acknowledged
and confirmed by the Sovereigns, both in the Hamburg convention
of the ci^dith of March 1701, and likewife in the hereditary compadl
oi Roßock. This union confifls as well in a conjundion of the provinces
as in that of the States of which each is compofed. With refped to the
former, it was agreed that all the free fettled inhabitants of both dutchies, including
the whole of the StargardCwclt, iliould enjoy an undifturbed equality
in rights, privileges, and inmiunities, in fuch manner that thefe three circles
fliould be governed by the fame laws, ordinances and compacts, and that on
fuch an equality and communion, both in the civil and ccclefiaftical government,
diets, contributions and provincial convents, as was agreeable to the
tenour of the faid union, and of courfe in all other rights, privileges and
immunities, and that in all cafes and exigencies they fliould be duly
aiding in council and adion. The latter or the conjundion of the nobility
and towns implies an irrevocable participation and community of all
the rights and prerogatives appertaining to the nobility and States,
and confcquently
that Rojhck and the other towns fliould not be curtailed, detrimented
or excluded from their fliare in the Diets, courts of juflice, Icfler
committee, convents, and all other cuftomary rights and duties. Further
one State (liall not without the knowledge or confent of the other make
any contrail relative to common rights, and all contrads fo made are
declared null and void. In another inftrament, oppofite to the former, the
union of 1523 is not to be brought in plea nor be of any validitv either
Vol. VI. B b b 'dirediy

370 GERMAN T.
[Mecklenburg.
diredly or indiicdly, nor fliall the foveielgnty of the country be impaired
or weakened thereby.
The Diets are annually fummoncd by the Sovereign, in order to fettle
the v^^rly contributions, or to ifiue proper diiedions relative to the taxes of
the Empire, Circle, and portion of the princefles, and to deliberate on any
neceflary ediäs, as likewile that ail affairs or any grievances may be difcuffed
under the Prince's permillion. To thefe Diets are fumnioned the
feveral States of the three Circles, wliofe place of affembly is alternately held at
Sternberg and Malchin: at the former on the Jiidenberg without the town, but
at Malchin the place of their meeting is the town-houfe. Thefe Diets are commonly
held in autumn, but on urgent emergencies the Sovereign may
convene them at any time of the year. The articles to come under confideration,
are fpecified in the public fummons four weeks before the Diet
affembles. The propofals of the Diet are made at once at the ufual place,
and then being digefted in writing figned by the Prince's commiflaries,
and the feal of the Diet-chancery affixed to them, are fent to the nobility
and States, who ufually remit tiieir anfwer within three days. The
dutchy of Schivcrin appoints four Landratti or provincial-counfellors, and
the dutchy of Giißro the fame number, who mull be all adtually fettled in
the two dutchies and of a certain rank and eftate therein.
On the vacancy
of a provincial counfellor, the nobility and States of the dutchy where the
vacancy happens, prefent three qualified perfons, of whom the Sovereign
nominates one, who thereupon takes a particular oath. Four of thefe are
appointed afleflbrs at both the tribunals. The motions, opinions and reprefentations
of every provincial counfellor are figned in his own name and
with his own hand, and the wrapper fcaled with the prefident's feal. The
opinion and fignature of any particular provincial college is of no validity.
Each Circle has an hereditary marflial of its own, who in the circular
convocations prefides according to the order of time and place introduced
among them. The provincial counfellors rank according to ieniority with
the Duke's adual privy-counfellor, and the marHials of the Circles with
the colonels.
Tiie lefTer committee of the nobility and States confids of two provincial
counfellors, that is to fay one from each dutchy, with three deputies
of the nobility, being one from each Circle, one deputy of the town of
Ro/iock, and three from the Vorderßadte of ParcJjifii, Gujlro and Nfw-Brandenburg,
making in all nine perfons, but this number the nobility and
States may increafe at their own expence. This committee is by a royal
edidt inverted with the weight and rights of a college reprefentative of
the whole body of the nobility and commons. The choice nf the members
is left entirely to the free-will of the nobility and commons.
With regard to ordinances relative to the wisole country (the nobility and
commons included), the opinion of the latter is firfl: demanded, and nothing

Mecklenburg.] GERMANY. 371
thing enafted in prejudice of their rights.
The meetings of the nobility In
the feveral haihwicks are under no reftriftions : but other aflcmbles or
Laiides-Convaiie, as they were called, which may be thought nccefiary,
ir>i)(l
be" convened by writ from the Sovereign.
§. 5. The inhabitants of both du'tchies are Luthfram, The churches
and fchools here, are divided into fix rural fuperintendencies, and under
their fuperintendents are provofls. In this country are alfo fome Cahinijl
congregations, and in Schxi-erin the Roman cathoHci are permitted the privaie
£xerciic of their
worfiiip.
The towns have grammar-fchools, and at Roßock \i an univerfity.
§. 6. The country is not without woollen-manufadlurers, tanners, leatherdrellers,
tobacco-fpinners, and other trades, but the number of them is
not fufficient. Its exports are corn, flax, hemp, hops, wax, honey, cattle,
butter, cheefe, wool and feveral kinds of wood.
§. 7. The Vandah having in a great meafure quitted this country in the
fifth century, the Wendi gradually fpread themfelves in the habitations
which they had abandoned, and mingled with the remaining inhabitantf.
The moft confiderable tribe of the Wendig who fettled here was that of the
Obotrites, which had its own particular Princes. Under Charles the Great
the Obotrites conftituted a part of the German Empire, but after the deceafe
of the Emperor Lciuis, they detached themfelves from their fubjeflion to
it. In 1 161 Henry the Lion Duke of iV/Wv'ij)' and Bavaria, having reduced
this country, he held it not as belonging to the dutchy of Saxony, or a fief
of the Empire, but as his own property. On his falling however under the
ban of the Empire, he was difpofl'elTed of it. That Prince appointed
fome of the nobility as counts and judges over it, and divided the country
into four parts, of which the county of Schioerin alone retains its
former conflitution. Duke J/tv^r^ having in 1165 rcflored the other
Obotrite lands to Pribißau^ a Prince of the Wendi, as his patrimonial inheritance,
and that Prince on the other hand promifed fidelity to him,
embraced the CbriJUan religion, rebuilt Mecklenburg the ancient capital of
the Obotrite Princes, and took his title from it. His ion Henry Borwin
married Matilda natural daughter to Henry the Lion by a lady of qviality,
and from this marriage is defcended the houfe oi Mecklenburg, the fruits of
it being Henry and Nikolot, the latter of whom left no iffue but the former
propagated his lineage. Of his fons I fliall take notice only of John and
Nikolot, the firff of whom was the founder of the Mecklenburg line, and
the latter that of Wenden, Vv'hich becoming extinft in 1436, the principality
of Wenden devolved to the Mecklefibnrg hianch, which in 134.8 was raifed
to the dignity of Duke by the Emperor Charles IV. Duke John who died
in 1592 had two fons nxmeXy Adolphus Frederick and John Albert II. who
inheriting the whole country in 161 1, and more definitively in 1621 made
a partition of it, by which the former was to obtain the Schwerin, and the
B b b 2 latter

372 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
latter the Gußro part. But tl-ic town of Roßeck with its univerfity and hofpital,
as Hkewifc the monallic lands remained in common, and were
termed the Roßeck common-places. At the peace of Wi'ßphalia in 1648
the town of Wijmar with the bailiwicks of Pohl and Neucloßer were
ceded to the Sivedes, bnt on the other hand, the diocefes of Schiveiiti and
RaS-zebwg were converted into temporal principalities, and the commcndaries
of Nemcro and Miro appertaining to the order of St. John of Malta^ were
likewife afllgned to the dukes. The Gußro line failed in 1695, on which
Duke Frederick WiUiam of the Schwerin branch laid claim to the fole inheritance
of the dutchy o^ Gußro ; but his father's youngeft brother Adolfhiis
Frederick Duke of Strelit-z oppofed him. In 170 J however this conteft
was adjufted at Hamburg, by an agreement importing that the principality
of Gußro Hiould be added to his principality of Sthicerin, and that
Duke AdoJphus Frederick befides his dutchy of Strelttz Hiould hold alfo
the principality of Ratzebiirg, with the lordlhip of Stargard, the ancient
commanderies of Miro and Nemero, and a yearly penfion of 9000 dollars
in fpccie out of the Boitzenburg toll. At the fame time likewife the right of
primogenitureOiip, and the lineal fuccefhon was eftablin:ied in both houfes,
and the compacft rr.tified by the Emperor Leopold. There are flill fubfifting
two lines of the Dukes oi Mecklenburg. The iV/rarr/// line commenced
in the above-mentioned Duke Frederick William, who was firfl: fucceeded
in the fovereignty by his brother Duke Charles, but in 1728 that Prince was
depofed by the Emperor Charles VI. for his obflinate dilobedience to him,
and the admiiniftration of the country conferred on his younger brother Duke
Chrißian Lewis, who in 1747 on the demife of his elder brother became
Sovereign, and in 1755 concluded a remarkable and fundamental convention
with his nobility and States, but dying in 1756 was fucceeded by his
eldefi: fon Duke Frederick. The Sirelitz line began in the above-mentioned
Duke Adolphns Frederick II. whofe grandfon Duke Adolphus Frederick IV.
entered on the government in 1752.
§. 8. The title alfumed by both the dukes, is Duke of Mecklenburg,
Prince of Wenden, Schwerin and Ratzeburg, Count of Sclnverin and the
country of Rrßock, and lord of Stargard. Their Hiield is party per pale, two
bends divided it into tix fields, exclufive of an efcutcheon. The firft of
thefe fields is topaz a bufialoe's head gardant raby, crOi\ned with horns
pearl, with a ring of the fame through its noftrils for Mecklenburg. Thefecond
is faphire a griffin topaz ior Wenden. The third party /»c^ fefle harry of
two faphire with a grifiin pearl, and a lozenge amathyfi:. Both thefe are
held hy Beehr to be the arms of the lordOiip of Roßock. The efcutcheon is
party per fefie ruby and topaz, which according to Beehr denotes the arms
of the county of Schiverin. The fourth is ruby a crofs wavey pearl, for
the principality of Ratzeburg. The fifth ruby an arm cloathed pearl, and
bound with a ribbon of the fame, ilTuing from a cloud, and holding up a
fi-'^g

Mecklenburg.] GERMANY,
n^lZ
ring topaz with w flone infixed, for the lordlhip of Stargard. The fixth is
topaz, a buft.iloc's head diamond with a crown topaz, and horns pearl,
panting and placed oblique, but to what this alhides is not certain. The
Electors and Marggraves of Brandenburg alio ufe tlie title and arms, as
being on the total extinction of the male-ftem of the dukes of Mecklenburg,
the next heirs to all the territories of Mecklenburg, in conlequence
of the agreement oiWittJiock concluded in 1442, at which time that houfe
performed homage to Brandenburg for its lands, and BraJidenburg, receded
from its feudal ricrht.
§. 9. The Duke of Mecklenburg, Schwerin, has by virtue of the dutchies
of Schwerin and Gnjlro two votes among the Princes, both at the
Diet of the Empire, and likewife in that of the Circle of Zoro^r-^'^xom'.
The afileflment for theie countries in the matricula of tho Empire, is forty
horfe and fixty-feven foot, or feven hundred and forty-eight florins to a
Roman month ; but from this fum by virtue of a decree of the Diet dated
May 6, 1696, the portion payable by the towns ol Wijmar and the bailiwicks
of Poll and Neuklojler, is to be deducted from the houfe of Mecklenburg,
and added to Sweden. To the chamber of Wetzlar its oayment for
the dutchy of Schwerin is two hundred and forty-three rixdoliars, forty
three kruitzers and a half, and a like fum alfo for the dutchy of Giijlro.
§. 10. The fupreme college here belonging to the dukes is that of the
privy-council of regency. The revenue is managed by the demefne chamber,
and thefe two affemblies refer all difputes and proceffes brought before
them, to the country courts of juftice. From the three law-courts at
Schwerin, Rojlock and Strelitz, as likewife from the Rojlock confifl-ory
appeals lie to the high and provincial-court of juflice, fome particular cafes
excepted, in which appeals are precluded eitlier abfolutely or in part.
Ever fince the year 1701, this high and provincial court ofjuflice affembles
at Guftro, holding its feffions four times a year. This court is common net
only to the two ducal lines, but the nobility and States likewife have a
fiiare in its adminiftration. The prefidents and vice prefidents with four
affedors are nominated by the dukes. The nobility fends to it four extraordinary
affeffors and one ordinary, but the three other ordinary aflelfors
come from the principality of Schwerin, the univerfity of Roftock and the
town of Roftock. Procefles as far as comports with the privilege granted
to the dukes de rion appellando, may be removed from thofe courts to the
high tribunals of the Empire. The nobility and States continue unmnlefied
in the Jurifdiäion granted them, together with their fiefs and eftates,
as likewife the magiffrates in that appertaining to them in the towns,
namely of being inveflcd with the firft hearing of caufes.
§.
I I. The annual revenues of the Schwerin line, arifing from the
demefne bailiwicks and regalia here, are confiderable, and Duke Frederick
William has publickly faid that they brought hini in 300,000 rixdoliars per
annum.

374 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
annum. The provincial contribution, conformably to •;he perpetual agreement
of 1755, is paid by half the hufs, the number of whicli was determined
by an exadt meafurement, (§. 4.) every taxable huf paying annually nine
rixdoUars in new 4 pieces, but this import the Sovereign is not to augment on
any pretence whatfoever. The yearly tax of free-men living in the manors and
monaftic lands in the diftrid; of Roftock, as alfo of thole in the eftates and
villages belonging to towns, and of private perfons without any of the hufs is
likewife fixed. With thefe ordinary contributions of the nobility and
country, the Sovereign is to be fatislicd for defraying the expences of
garrifons, fortifications, envoys. Diets, extraordinary afiemblies and payments
to the chamber at Wetzlar. The contributions of the towns to the
fame ends are alfo ftated. The Sovereign to thefe annual contributions of
the country, adds a fubfidy from his bailiwicks and demefnes on the fame
footing as the taxable hufs, that is not under nine rixdollars per huf, payable
in new 4 pieces, in like manner as from the taxable hufs of manors.
Of thefe contributions public notice is annually given at the general Diets,
and thereupon levied by an ordinance of the Sovereign. Thofe paid by
the monaftic lands and manors, the feveral places in the diflridl of Roßock,
the eflates and villages belonging to the towns, the demefnes and thofe of
private perfons, as alfo the taxes of the freemen living on the lands out of
the hufs are paid into the provincial-cheft, and from thence remitted to
the Prince's treafury, but the contributions from the Prince's bailiwicks and
the towns are under the immediate diredlion of the treafury, without
coming into the provincial-cheft. The terms of payment are Lcfit and
Chrißmas. The produce of the taxable hufs may in fome meafure be
gueffed at, from the number of hufs fpecified above (§.4.) as likewife in
that during the menfuration of the country, the duke provifionally computed
the dutchies of Schwerin and Guftro, including five hundred and
thirty-five hufs and three quarters for the Circle oi Stargard, at 4700 taxable
hufs, on which it was refolved that the fum of 40,000 rixdollars fhould be
levied. Beyond the above fpecified annual contributions the Sovereign is
to make no demand either on the nobility, their vailals or the towns,
except taxes for the Empire, Circle or princefles, from which there is no
exception. A notification of thefe articles is given at the general Diet,
where the duke communicates to the nobility and States an authenticated
copy of the refolutlons of the Empire and Circle, as a teflimony that
what he requires of them is no more than the Empire and Circle have
demanded as necefl^iry. The nobility however pay nothing to the impofts
of the Empire and Circle, unlefs the demands of Emperor in behalf of
the Empire and Circle, exceed in one year, two hundred Reman months,
and the States pay only when fuch demands exceed three hundred. If the
demand be under two hundred Roman months the Sovereign himfelf
furnifnes it. Of the furplus above two hundred Roman month?, only 4- is
paid

Mecklenburg.] GERMANY. 375
paid by the nobility equally with the Prince's eftates and the towns. The
princeffcs tax is fixed at 20,000 rixdollars current money, and levied on the
whole country without exception, the demernes, the eftates of the nobility
and the towns paying each one third. The contributions of the exemptees
of whatever title or condition in the monaftic villages, the town of Roßock
and its diftridl, to the imperial, circular, and princefles taxes amount to
the above-mentioned contributing parties each one third. In fuch years as
a tax for the Empire or circle is demanded, no princefs's tax is required.
The free-gifts here are confented to and regulated, either, i. In the
meetings of the nobility of each bailiwick, or by the towns among themfelves,
at the afl'emblies of the towns, or, 2, By general conventions of deputies
from the nobles, or jointly by the nobility and States, or, 3. In
general Diets and convocations of the nobility among themfelves, or in
fuch
as are compofed both at the nobility and States. To all thefe fubfidier,
the Sovereign caufes to be added the proportionate contribution from all
manors by which his demefnes have been augmented ; and the convents-,
with the lands in the diftridt of Roßock, the villages and parcels of land
belonging to corporations, as alfo the vaffals of the clergy are likewife
obliged to pay their afTefiment to thefe free-gifts ; though the laft three
only, when they manifeftly appear to have belonged to the nobility. The
town of Roßock exclufive of its lands and villages, furnifhes one twelfth to
the alTeffments of the nobility and States for the common ferviccs, and
likeväfe to thofe which are required of the town.
The public expenditures or Neceffarien as they are termed, arj either
ordinary and annual, or extraordinary. To the former the Sovereign, for
his demefnes has engaged to furnifli the fum of 6000 rixdollars, and a
like fum alfo for all his patrimonial towns colledively, but the nobility
pay their proportion according to the number of their taxable hufs. The
annual quota of the town oi Roßock is 2000 rixdollars. The exraordinary
charges levied for the public fafety and benefit, arc defrayed by imports
agreed on between the Sovereign, the nobility r,nd the States, and of thefe
the Prince's demefnes, as well as the eflates of the nobility and towns,
contribute all in common one third; whereas the expences which are levied
for the concern of one State only, are defrayed out of its own particular purfe.
With refpeä: to the revenues of the dukes of the Mcckleiihurg
Sirelitzlins, the Sfargard ckcle, out of the land, and other taxes produces
annually between 70 and 80,000 rixdollars. In the Hamburg adl of 1701,
the revenues of the demefne bailiwicks of this Circle were eftimatcd only
at 31,000 rixdollars, but under Duke Adolplms Frederick IV. they are faid
to have been improved to above 20,000 more. From the principality of
Ratzeburg 2.nd ihe. Boitzeiiburg toll (out of which it levies 9000 dollars in
Ipecie, the Duke receives about 46,000 rixdollars;
whole about 126,000 rixdollars.
and conlequently in the
§. 12. For
'

376 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
§. 12. For the maintenance of the duke's troGj:o, no payment is required
cither of the nobility or States, the convents or places in the diftridl of
Rojlock, the Duke taking on him to defray all the cxpence of the military
eftablirnment out of the annual contributions agreed on. The nobility
and their vaffals are alfo exempted from quartering and maintaining the
militia, as the municipal towns are from quartering the horfe. Except alfo
in urgent cafes, and fuch as threaten the fafetyof the Empire, Circle or
country, the nobility and States are exempt from furnilliing magazines or
fummoning their vaffals, and dependents to work at any fortifications, cr
to carry neceflaries thither, or to pay money in lieu of fuch fervices. Tiie
towns however quarter the foot and pay fcrvice money.
§.13. The two dutchies are divided into three circles agreeably to
which we (liall now give an account of them.
J. The Mecklenburg Circle forms the dutchy of Scbiuenn, and confifls
of the ancient dutchy of Mecklenburg, the county of Schwerh?,
the weflern
p:5rt of the principality of PFcnden, and a fmall part alfo of the lordlhip of
Rojtock. In it are
J, The following towns : in:z,
Parchim, the Vorderjtadt (or Metropolis) of this Circle, fituated in the
principality of Wenden on the river Eide, which at this place divides itfelf
into two branches. Thefe branches infeveral parts run eaftand weft, through
the town, dividing the old town from the new. Parchim fends a deputy
to the IclTer committee of the States, and in both the towns is a parochialchurch.
Anciently alfo here was a caftle. In 12 18 Prince Henry\. rebuilt
this town under his own infpecftion. In the fourteenth century it had a
mint. In 1586, 1684 and 17— 2 it fuffered very greatly by fire.
Schwerin, in Latin Suerinum, the ufual refidence of the dukes of the
Schwerin line fituated on a pleafant lake abounding in a variety of fifli,
and which befides furrounding the greateftpart of the town, alfo gave name
to it. It is nearly fquare, and confifls of three parts, namely Schicerin,
the New Town and the Mccr. Schclffe indeed lies fo clofe to it, that
it feems a part of the town, but is notwithflianding a diftind: place, and
belongs to the principality of Schwerin. The Dukes palace ftands on an
ifland in the lake, being fortified and communicating with the town by
means of a bridge. Some parts of it command a moll delightful profpeft.
The colledlion of paintings in this palace is very valuable and its garden
laid out in a fine tafte. The town church is called the Domkirche, it
haviiig been the cathedral of the fee of Schweriti, which was founded in
1 170 by Henry the Lion Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, who created Berno
the monk its firfl: bifbop, which creation was confirmed by the Emperor
Frederick I. in the fame year, and in 1 1 77 bv Pope Alexander III. At
the fame time alfo Schwerin obtained a charter from the faid Duke, but
the fortifications of the town had been undertaken by him in 1161,
at

Mecklenburg.] GERMAN r.
377
at which time likewil'e he appointed Gunzclin its grave or count.
Such therefore is the origin of the county of Schwerin, which was held
for above two hundred years by the defctndants of Gunzelin, and, at
length, namely in 1355 (or according to others) in 1360, on the death of
Otho the laCi; count, devolved to the Dukes of Mecklenburg, who bear it in
their title. In 1531,1558 and 1658 Ibme terrible lires happened here
The freedom of this place was formerly of great confideration.
Gadebufch, a fmall town fituated on the river Radegajl, in the ancient
dutchy of Mecklenburg, and having a caftle. Its name is faid to fignify
lucm or falttis deaflri, and that Radegqß the idol of the Wendi was worfliipped
here in a wood. In 1218 it obtained the hubcck right. In 1712
the Swedes defeated the Danes near this place.
Rhena, a fmall town, fituated on the river Radegaß in the ancient dutcby
Q^ Mecklenburg, and formerly containing a BenediSline nunnery founded in
1236, but which together with its lands has been converted into a
bailiwick.
Grevefmuhlen or Gj-evifmohlen, in ancient records ftiled Cmiitis tnoJa, a
town fituated in the ancient dutchy of Mecklenburg, and which obtained
the Lübeck right in 1359, but in 1583, 1659, 1725 and 1756 fufFered
extremely by fire.
Buko, a fmall town alfo called New-Biiko, by way of diftlndlion from
Old-Buko a neighbouring church-village. This town lies in the ancient
dutchy of Mecklenburg.
Kropelien, a fmall town, fituated in the ancient dutchy of Mecklenburg,
and totally deftroyed by fire in 1378, at which time alfo its charter was
loft by the fame calamity. Duke Albert II. however the very fame year
reflored to it the Lübeck right, which it had before enjoyed, and that too
with fome additional privileges. In 1 580, it was again almoil: entirely deltro3'ed
by fire ; but afterwards in 1588 and 1609 received a new confirmation
•
of its
privileges.
Bruel, a fmall town, fituated in the ancient dutchy of Mecklenburg,
and formerly belonging to the Pleffens, but afterwards to other noble
families, till in 1754 it was purchafed by the Sovereign. In 1340 Rcmar
Plejfen raifed it from a village to a town. In 1504 its charter was confirmed
to it by Henry Plejen, and in 1578 the like was done by DukeUln'cb IV.
In 1485 and 1726 the greateft part of it was deftroyed by fire.
Kriewitz, a town fituated in the ancient county of Schwerin. This
place alfo fuffered by fire in the years 1573 and 1660.
Sternberg, a fmall town feated on a lake, in the principality of Wenden.
In 1508 a confiderable part of this town was deftroyed, and in 1659 the
whole. Without it, on the 'Judenberge is a place called Buchholz, where
and at Malchin the Diets are alternately held.
Banzko, a mean place, fituated in the ancient county of Schwerin not
Vol. VI. C c c far

378
GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
far from the ^tor\ but not mentioned in tlie matricula among the towns
of the province.
Wittenbiirg^ a fmall town,' in the county of Schwerin and containing a
feat. In 13 19 this place obtained the L«/^^d' rights. In 1659 and 1726,
great fires happened here.
Boitzenburg, a fmall town, fituated in the ancient county of Schwerin,
where the little river Boitze which gives name to it runs into the Elbe.
Mention is madeof this town fo early as the twelfth century, though at that
time only an open country place, and not walled till the fourteenth.
In 1267 it obtained the Liibrck rights, and in 1709 was almoft entirely
deftroyed by fire. In it is a priory, and a toll paid here on the Elbe produces
annually upwards of 40,000 dollars in fpecie, of which by virtue
of the convention of HatJibiirg in 1701, the houfe of Mecklenbiirg-Strelitz
receives 9000. How it came as a mortgage to the houfe of Bru?ifivick
Lüneburg, will appear in the fequel.
Hageno, a fmall town, lying in the ancient county of Schwerin, and
entirely deftroyed by fire in 1538.
Domitz, a fmal! town, fituated in the old principality of Wenden at the
entrance of the Eide into the Elbe, on the latter of which a toll of very
confiderable produce is paid at this place. In it alfo is a fortified caftle.
In 1590 and 1664, this town was deftroyed by fire.
Grabo, a fmall town, fituated on the Eide in the principality of Wenden,
and being originally only a village, which was raifcd to a town in 1255 by
Volrad Count Danneberg. This Count dying without iflÄie the town fell
to Otho Marggrave of Brandenburg, and after him to the Eledor Waldemar
I. both of whom confirmed its charter, that is to fay the former
in 1293, and the latter in 1317. From 1321 till the beginning of the
fifteenth century, the Lutzo family were proprietors of it. The feat here
is afiigned to the dutchefs dowager. In 1725 both the town and feat
were deftroyed by fire.
Neufladt, a fmall town, fituated on the Eide, and containing a feat. In
3728 this tov^n alfo was deftroyed by fire.
Liibz or Lubitz, a fmall town fituated on the Eide, which at this place
receives another river ifluing from Neucloßer and Kriwitz. In the year
1660 a great fire happened in this town, and in 1703 the beft part of it
Was deftroyed by the fame dreadful calamity.
2. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Prince : viz.
1. The bailiwick of Schwerin, having its feat in the village ofthat name.
2. The bailiwick of Wahmuhlen,^ fituated in the ancient county of
Schwerin, and in which at the pafs of Wahmuhlen, an adtion happened in
171 9 between the Mecklenburg troops and thofe of the Circle.
3. The bailiwick of Dcmpzien or Tempzicn, in the dutchy of Mecklenburg^
and formed out of a convent. In this bailiwick is a falt-work.
4. The

Mecklenburg.] G E R M A N T. zi9
4. The bailiwick of Gadebujcb, the feat of which js in the town of
that name.
5. The bailiwick of Zarrenihien, in the ancient dutchy 0^ Mccldenhurg^
formed out of a monaftery and the lands belonging to it.
6. The bailiwick of Wittcnhiirg^ having its feat in the town ofthat name
defcribed above.
7. Bakendorj\ bailiwick or Gaml'm, lies contiguous to the foregoing.
8. The bailiwick of Boitzenburg, having its feat at the town of that
name above-mentioned.
9. The bailiwick of Rbenci, having its feat in the little town of that name.
10. The bailiwick oiGrcvifmiihleii, fo called from the town ofthat name.
11. The bailiwick of ilfa-/^'/^';?^«/"^, having its feat in the church-villoge
of MecJdenburg in the neighbourhood of Wifmar. Mecklenburg was anciently
the capital of the Obotrites and called Mecklenburg. Some old
hiftorians call it Megapolis, and as generally fuppofed on account of its
very great extent. Formerly it contained three convents, and in 1058 a
bifliopric was founded here. In 11 64 Pribijlaull. the lafl King of the
Obotrites made himfelf mafter of the town, and laid it in allies, but in
1 1
70 rebuilt it, though it never after attained its ancient profperity, and
fince the founding of Wifmar^ has infenfibly funk to a village.
At the village of Frojeke or Frozeken the JVendi, who had fettled there
fubmitted to be baptized in 789, after a fevere defeat given them by the
Emperor Charles the Great, but foon apoflatifed. At Nienburg anciently
was a fortified burg. The village of Liibo gives name to a priory,
Obf. The revenues ariling to the treafury from the eiglit laft bailiwicks,
i. e. from number four to eleven, together with the toll of Boitzenburg,
were in 1734 made over by the Emperor to the houfe of Brunjwick-
Luneburg, in confideration of its expences in executing the ban in the
year 1732, of which the Brunfivick fliare alone amounted to 789,856 rixdollars,
twelve kruitzers, the Duke of Brunfivick's to 268,755 rixdollars, and
the fum total to 1,018,272, exclufive of 50,000 rixdollars advanced by
the Eledor of Bi'imjwick for the Salzburg troops, which makes the whole
fum amount to I, I o8j6 1 1 rixdollars, twelve kruitzers, exclufive of the charge
incurred in quelling the laft tumult here. Thefe demefnes are eftimated
at 60,000 rixdollars per afuium, and with them five per cent, intereft is to
be paid befides fome part of the capital, but with refped to the fovereignty
and jurifdidion of thefe bailiwicks, the houfe of Brunfwick is not poiTefled
of the leaft fliare, thefe continuing as before to the bailiwick of Mecklenburg,
and in their former union and connedion with the Mecklenburrr territories. At
the fame time alfo the Emperor ordered that the 9000 dollars in fpecie,
payable to the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz as his ftipulated fliare of the
Boitzenburg toll, fliould be duly remitted to him without any delay or
oppofition. This mortgage is ftiU in force.
C c c 2 2. The

38o GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
12. The bdiliwitk of Buko, having its feat in the little town of that name.
13. The bailiwick of Dob/>eran, in the lordfhip of Rojiock, fituated
about half a German mile from the Baltick, and formed out of a celebrated
Cißercian monaftery founded in 1170. In 1179 this monaftery was denioiifhed
by the Wendi, but rebuilt in 1 186. Its church is very large, and in
it
he interred two Kings of the O/^u/r/V^i, with twelve lords of ^r/^, feveral
Princes of Mecklenburg and other perfons of note. At prefent the convent
is converted into a hunting feat, and out of the produce of its lands and
fome falt-works at Lwieburg, which were bequeathed to the univerfity of
Roßock-, the profefTors were paid their f^ilaries. To this bailiwick belong
thirteen vogteys, namely Knmmerhof, Nienhager, Altenhof^ Rabenhorß,
Latnb7echfß:ager, Marienehifche, Hutter, Vorder-Bolhager^ Hinder- Bolhager^
T^enmnvitzer, Briijcwer, Retfchouoer and Satow. Along the Baltick coaft in
this neighbourhood runs the celebrated Heiligen Damm, being a natural
wall of ftones of moft beautiful imagery and colours.
14. The bailiwick of Sternberg, \o called from the above defcrlbed
town of that name.
15. The bailiwick of Kriewitz, (o called from the above-mentioned town.
16. The bailiwick of Doniiiz, having its feat in the town ofthat name.
1 7. 1 he bailiwick of Eldena, fituated in the principality of Wenden, and
formed out of a BenediEline nunnery founded in 1230, but fince the year
1 542 no nuns have been admitted into it. Its revenues are mortgaged to the
eledtoral hcufe of Brandenburg. The bailiwick houfe and the village of
Eldena lie on the Eide, which at this place divides itfelf into two branches.
Between Eldena and Grabo is a hill containing alum. This bailiwick has
likewife a falt-work. Gorlojen alfo formerly contained a caftle of remarkable
ftrength.
1 S. The bailiwick of Grabo, the feat of wl^ch is in the town ofthat name.
19. The bailiwick of Neiijtadt, fo called from the town of that name
above defcribed.
20. The bailiwick oi Liibz-, having its feat in the town of the fame name.
3. The following eftates belonging to noblemen: viz.
1. In the bailiwick of Sckiverin are twenty-three fuch eftates, namely
Bandeko, Befeiidorf, Campze or Ca?nbs, Gottefgabe, Gottmamjorde, Great-
Echfen, Je/o, Lampz, Mandeljtorf, Rofenhagen, Schonfeld, Stucke, Warlitz,
Zulo, &c.
2. In the bailiwick of Gadebufch, fourteen, namely, Great-Salitz, Holdorf,
Lutzo, Othenßorf, Rogendorf, Vehlboken, Vietlubbe, Wedendorf, ßrc.
3. In the hi'XmxQ.^i of Greveß]iuhlen , forty, r/z. Arxhagen, Barneko, Ber?ißorf,
Bvfchmiihlen, Da7nß:agen, Daßo or Darjo a market-town, Eggerftorf,
Ehnenhorft, Geftorf, Graniko, Great and Little-Kranko, Great-Wahnftojf,
Griindeß:agcn, Giddctihorn, Haufzhagen, Johannfiorf, Lutkenhof, Little-
Vogtß:agen, Oberhof, Parten, Plufcho, Friefchendorf, Kamkendorf, Schmachtenhagen,
IVifchendorf, Ziero, &cc,
4. In

GERMANY. Mecklenburg.] 081
o
4. In the bailiw-ck oi Mecklenburg are twenty-eight, namely EickhoJ {\\\^
proprietors of which, who are the Liitzo family, arc hereditary aiarfhals
of the Mecklenburg Circle) Grcej'e, Keetze, Mafelo, Naudien, Necheln,
Nienhof, Nutteln, Rambo, RctchendorJ\ Schim, Schlagßorf, Trampz, Turo,
&c.
Ventfcho,
5. In the bailiwick o( Buko, forty-one, among which are Blerigo, Buttelko,
Gameehl, Goldbergs Grcat-Nlenhagen, Hohen- Nie?idorf, llo once
fortified, Mechterßorf, Panzo, Pußchl, Rederank, WichmanßorJ, JViißro, &c.
6. In the bailiwick of Sternberg, are eleven, namely, Great-Radum,
Gußefel, Mußten, Prefzien, Stiedten, Weifzicn, 6cc.
7. In the bailiwick of Krieivitz, are twenty-eight, iiiz. Briiel, Buk,
Dargelutz, Defzien, Gecven, Gomto, Hohen-Prietz, Little-Prietz, Kolpien,
Moderitz, Parnien, Rchagen, Scblicven, Wendorf, &c.
8. In the bailiwick oiWittenburg, are thirty-eight, namely, Bado, Banzien,
Boddien, Braalßorj, Goldenitz, Harß, Hidjebiirg, Lehj'en, Liitzo, Mollenbeek,
Berlin, ^lafel, Scharbo, Schejzien, Tefzien, T'ufcho, Wafcho, Zuhr, ßcc.
9. In the bailiwick of Boitzenburg, are eight, mz. Badcko, Blucher,
Horß, Niendorf, We7idijch-Liebs and Wiebendorf, Sec.
ID. In the bailiwick of Grabo, are alfo eight, among which are, Cummien,
Dambeck, Meefc, Werl, Werlo, &c.
11. In the bailiwick oiNeiißadt, are twenty-two, namely, Ankerßjagen,
ClaugßorJ, Daß', Great-Vichlen, Federo, Little-Lucko, Mollenjtorf, lorgelo, &c.
12. In the bailiwick of Liibz, twenty-three, among wliich are, Balten,
Damero, Dafcbo, Glave, Grambo, Graven, Ghckflen, Great and Little-
Dejzien, Kuppentien, Linßo, Lutkendorf, Penzlien, Sammit, Sukeioitz,,
Weißen,
&c.
il. The Wenden Circle, containing the eaflern and greatefi: part of the
principality of Wenden, as alfo the lordfhip of Roßock, and forming the
largeft part of the dutchy of Gißro.
In this Circle is
Guftro, the capital of the Circle, fituated in the principality of Wenden
on the little river Nebel, and being one of the largeft and moO: pleafant
towns in the whole country, as alfo the feat of the chief courts of
judicature and a fuperintendency. In this town is a good palace of thi^
Prince's, and in the church belonging to it lies the vault of the ducal
family. It contains likewife a cathedral and one parifh-church. In 1220
it obtained the Schisnerin x\^t, but in the years 1503, 150B and 1512
fuffered greatly by fire.
Krako, a fmall town^ feated on a lake in the principality of Wenden,
X.0 which lake alfo it gives name. In, the year 1698 this place was defiroyed
by fire. It is faid to have formerly belonged to the order of St. '^ohn.
Goldberg, a fmall town, fituated in the principality of Wendeuy and
built in 1248, but by its frequent fires nov/ fallen to decay.
Plau

382 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
Plan, a {'.•nail town, alfo fitunted in the principality of Wenden on a
lake, which tikes its nanae from it, and out of which at this place
ifiues the Eide. In this town is a feat. It was built in 1228, but in 1696'
deftroyed by fire.
Makho-, a finall town, alfo lying in the principality of Wenden^ between
the Flan and Calpin lakes. It is an open place, but on all fjdes furrounded
with water. Its convent (liall be treated of under a feparate article. In
1697 and 172 1, Malcho fuffered greatly by fire.
I'/ahren, a fmall town, feated on the lake of Calpin^ in the principality
of Wenden, and in 151 8 totally deftroyed by fire, as alfo in 1671, though
others fay in i 699.
Rohel or Rabel, a fmall town lying in the principality of Wenden^ on
the lake of Miiritz. The origin of the old town here is unknown, but
the new one appears to have been founded towards the beginning of the
thirteenth century, and in 1261 obtained the Schwerin right. In 1727
Ro/h'I was deftroyed by fire.
Pe?izlcin, a finaU town, fituated in the principality of Wenden, and
which in 1263 obtained Lübeck privileges. In 1558 one half of it was burnt
down, and in 1727 the whole entirely deftroyed by fire. In 1517 the
Dukes conferred it as a fief on the family oi Moltzahn^ who on their part alfo
engaged that the burghers lliould continue in the enjoyment of all their
rights and privileges.
Stavenhagen, a fmall town, fituated in the principality of Wenden. In
the year 1282 BogißafD^ike oi Pomerania, transferred this place to Nicolas
Jferte, in confideration of the alTiftance granted him in war by the faid
Nicolas, but on the failure of his family' it devolved to the dukes of
Mecklenburg.
Malchien, a fmall town, fituated in the principality of Wenden, not far
from the borders o{ Pomerania, at the influx of the river Peejw into the
Cummeroe lake. Malchien alternately with Sternberg is the feat of the
Diet. Formerly it belonged to Pomerania, but in 1663 was deftroyed by fire.
Tefero, a little town, fituated near a fmall lake in the principality of
Wenden. This town has been twice deftroyed by fire, the latter of which
happened in 1722.
Neukalden or Neukahlen, in ancient records ftiled Nien-Kaland, a fmall
town fituated in the principality of Wenden and founded in 1281, but
deftroyed by fire in 1362, and in 1666 a fecond time a great fufterer by the
fame calamity.
Gnoyen, a fmall town lying in the lordfliip of Roßcck, and the greatcft
part of which was burnt down in 1659. In 1323 Chriftopher King of
Denmark, and his fon Erich conferred this town as a fief on Duke Henry.
In 1350
it obtained La^^C/^ rights.
Suite o'c Sulze, a fmall town, alio lying in the lordfliip of Roftock, -snd
con-

Mecklenburg.] GERMAN!. 383
containing falt-fprings and boiling houfes. In the year 1 298 this place
likevvife obtained Lübeck rights. In 1450 Duke Henry X. inverted the
family of Liche with the government and jurifdidlions both of this town
and Mario.
Mario, a fmall town, fituated in the lordfhip of Rcflock, on the river
Reckenitz, This town came to the family of Lube at the fame time, and
in the fame manner with Suite, and in 1459 obtained from Duke Henry yi.
Lübeck rights.
Ribbenitz or Rib?iitz, a town, fituated in the lordfliip of Roftock on a
lake formed by the river Recketiitz. This place was built in 1271, and at
the fame time alfo obtained Liibeck rights. In 1455 ^^ ^^^^ almofl totally
deftroyed by fire, and in 1538 fuffered again greatly by the fame calamity.
Its convents fliall form a particular article in the fequel.
T^efzien, a fmall town alfo fituated on the Reckenitz, in the lordfloip of
Roftock.
Laage, a fmall town likewifc lying in the lordfhip of Roftock.
Schwan, in ancient records called Cygnaa, a fmall town fituated on the
Warno, and containing a feat- In the year 1323 Chriftopher King of
Denmark and his fon Rrich conferred this place as a fief on Duke Henry.
It has thrice fuffered irretrievably by fire. Its neighbourhood abounds in
an excellent clay for bricks, which are tranfported by means oi\\\t Warno
to Roftock, fince the brickkilns there have failed through want of wood.
2. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Prince, ^'/^;.
1. The bailiwick olGiiftro, having its feat in the town above-mentioned;
Near the village of Wick, where the Nebel joins the Warno, ftood once
the ftrong caftle of Wurle, ereded in 1 162 by Nikolot King of the Obotrites,
but which fell to decay on the defeat of Pribijlau II. by Henry the Lion
Duke of Saxony and Bavaria,
2. The baihwick of Goldberg, having its feat in the above-mentioned
town of that name.
At Dubi?i a church-village here was formerly a caftle.
3. The bailiwick of Plau, fo called from the town of that name. The
revenues of this bailiwick were mortgaged to the electoral houfe of
Brandenburg.
4. The bailiwick of Wrcdenhagen, fituated near Robel. This bailiwick
once belonged to the knights Templars. Its revenues are mortaged to tiie
ele6toral houfe of Brajidenbiirg.
5. The bailiwick of Stavenhagen, fo called from the town of that name.
6. The baliwick of Ivenack, cov\t3\n\ng the market-town o^ Ivenack, not
far from Stavenhagen, and in which is a leat. This bailiwick is mortgaged
to the Plcjjen family.
7. The bailiwick of Neukalden, fo called from the above-mentioned
town of that name.
8. The bailiwick of Dargun or Dragun, fituated in the lordftiip of
Rrficck

384 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
Roflod', not far from Cummero lake, and formed cut of the lands of a
Beftcditfine monaftery founded there in 114^. The convent itfelf has
been converted into a ducal palace.
9. The bailiwick of Gnoyeji, having its feat in the above-mentioned
little
town.
10. The bailiwick of Ribbenitz, fo called from the town ofthat name.
11. The bailiwick of Sckwan, having its feat in the above-defcribed town.
3. The following manners : i;iz.
1. In the bailiwick of Gi/ßro, forty-feven, namely, Appelhage?r, Cummien,
Dieckhof, Great-Grabo, Hinzenhagen, Hoppenrade, Kejfau, Klaber^ Little-
Spreiiz, Koivelo, Lubbezcbe, MatkendorJ, Radumb, Reetz, Renjo, Rojcwitz,
Scho?iemvolde, Schivifel, Subzien, Tefzko, Vietzko, Wattmanß:ageny WehrdaUy
JVeitaidorf, Weßlßorf, Zablendorf,' Zierftorf, &c.
2. In the bailiwick oi Goldberg, eight, among which are, Dießelo, Dobbicn,
Littlc-PoJ'erim, Kuchdmijj'e, Lahlcndorf, Worßen, Zebberietiy &c.
3. In the bailiwick of P/^z^ four, namely, OId-Scl.merin, Gohren^Scc.
4. In the bailiwick of Stavenhagen, fifty-five, namely, Baßdo, Borgfelde,
Briggo, Caarßorf, Chcm/iitz, Deven, Floto, Gahlenbcck, Gottenbendey Grubenka'^en,
Gutzko, Keßorß, Kittendorf, Little-Lucko, Littk-Viehkn, Knorrendorß,
Liiveh, Mallien, Mollenhagen, Penzlien, Pucho, Kemplien, Rofeno,
Rothenmoor, Schloen, Schorjo, Swante, Tamo, Varcho, Woggcrßen, Wußro, &c.
5. In the bailiwick oi Neukalden, are thirteen manors, among which are
Grojcbendorf, Karnitz. Klenz, Lcvizo, Mßorj, Paenßorß, Rey, Schorrenthien,
Schvjcßorf, Schwetzien, Siiko, 6cc.
6. In the bailiwick of Wredenbagen, thirty-two manors, viz. Ahremberg,
Finken, Gottbiin, Kampz, Karcho, Knunmeel, Leppiehn, Ludorß, Maßau,
Me!z, Netzeband, Poppentbien, Schonberg, Wildkiihl, k.c.
7. In the baihwick of Gnoyen, twenty- feven, namely, Dalhi'ifz, Doblitz,
Granzo, Kuckßorß, Nußro, Prebberede, ^vitzeno, Samo, Schabo, Walkendorf,
iVaflo, Warbeh, Wobkendcrf, Wohrenßtorf, Zelko, &c.
8. In the bailwick of Ribnitz, fixteen, viz. Bahrenhove, Bandelftorf,
Dctmanßorf, Frejendorß, Gnevitz, GutendorJ, Liepen, Redderßorf, Schidenburg,
Stci?ihorß, Stormßorf, &c.
9. In the bailiwick of Schwan, twelve, namely, Boldenjtorf, Neuhof,
Ziefendorj, &c.
4. The town of Roßock and its dhlrid.
I. Roftock, anciently called Rotztoch, is the largeft town in both dutchie?,
but inftead of forming one of the States is reckoned only among the nobility,
nor was it included in the partition made in 1621 between the
Dukes Adolpbus Frederick I. and John Albert II. its diftridt remaining in
common to both princes and dutchies. Roßtock lies on the Warno, at the
mouth of which it has a harbour named Warnemunde, and thus enjoys alfo
a convenient fituation for trade. It confifts properly of three parts. The
Altßtadt

Mecklenburg.] GERMANY. •3g5
Altfladt or old town ftands on an eminence towards the eaft, and contains
the churches of St. Nicolas, St. Peter and St. Catharine. Of thefe the two
firftare parochial. In 1677 the greateft part of this place was deflroyed byfire,
but has been fince rebuilt with greater regularity and conveniency.
The fiiittlere ßadt or middle town is feparated from the Aitßadt by a
branch from the Warno. In it lies St. Mary's church, being a ftately ftructure,
in which are preferved the entrails of the celebrated Grotius, who
died in 1645. ^" ^'^'^
P^'"'^
alfo is the church of St. John, containing a
library with the council-houfe. In the Neufladt or iiew town lies St. James ^
church, which was formerly collegiate, and contained a library together with
that of the Holy-Ghojl, having a rich alms-houfe ; the church of St. Michael
and that of the Holy-crofs, at the laft of which is a convent for young
ladies natives of Roßock. The town-prior of this church is chofen by the
conventualifls and burghermaflers, and confirmed by the dukes. The
univerfity lies likewife in the new town. This was jointly founded by the
dukes, and the town in 14 19, and privileged by Pope Martin V. whofe
bull was afterwards confirmed by the Emperor Ferdinand I. In 1437 ^'^^
town falling under the ban both of the Emperor and Pope, the profeßbrs removed
to Greifsivalde, from which place they returned not again till the
year 1443- In 1487 a mifunderfianding having arifen between the dukes
and the town, the univerfity was removed to Lübeck, but reftorcd aga'n in
1492. This place has not only fuffered thrice, and that too very confiderably
by the pellilence, but at the beginning of the Reformation was almofi:
entirely forfaken by its profellbrs and ftudents, till in 1530 ylr/iold Biiren
vigoroufly fet about the refloration of it, and in 1560 the Emperor
Ferdinand endowed it with a new charter. Purfuant to a convention made
in 1563 between the dukes and the town, the former nominate and pay
fifteen profeflbrs, and the town nine. The fenate of the academy confills of
nine ducal profeffors, and the nine appointed bv the magiftracy. In the
fame convention it was agreed that the dukes Ihould annually contribute the
fum of 3000 florins, and the town five hundred towards the lalaries of
the profeflbrs. Here is alfo a public free grammar-fchool. The twelve minift;ers
of the town in coniunftion with the fuperintendent form the
confiflory, from which appeals he to the two fupreme courts of iuRice.
The dukes are polTefled of the manfion-houfe, which formerly helcn^ed
to the abbot of Dobberan, and on account of their frequent refidence in
it, fl:ile Roßock their refidence town. The magiftracy confifls of three
burghermaflers, one fyndic, twelve aldermen, one fecretary and a piothonotary.
It is endowed v.'ith the right of coining copper, filver and gold, and
in confequence thereof has a mint. It fends a deputv to the lefl'er committee,
and an extraordinary afleflbr to the two fupreme courts of juftice.
Both the civil and criminal jurifdiöion are vefled in the magiftracy, though
with right of appeal to the two fupreme courts of juftice, or the magiflracv,
Vol. VI. D d d excent

386 G E R M A N r. [Mecklenburg.
except in thofe cafes, where no appeal is allowed. The town enjoys
other confiderable privileges, yet is hereditarily fubjeft to the dukes, to
whom as an acknowledgment of its fubjedion, it annually pays the fum
.of fifty-five rixdoUars as an Urbor, (or tribidiim crigifiale,) as likewife the
fum of fix hundred florins, in confideration of the grant of an
excife. Of its contribution to the public expenditures, mention has been
made in the introdudtion. Roßock carries on a large trade. About the
year 1030 it was ereded into a town, and in 1160 inlarged and fortified
out of the remains of the town of Kifzin, which once flood in its neighbourhood.
In the year 121 8 Lz/^a/e rights were conferred on it, and in
the fame century alfo it was admitted into the anfeatic confederacy. About
the fame time too it had full its own lords. Beneath Nicolas tlie laH: of
thefe lords, it fell under the dominion of the Marggraves of Brandenburg,
but eight years after threw itfelf on a difguft, under the protection of
'Erich King of Denmark ; from whom about ten years after this event, that is
to fay tov/ards the middle of the fourteenth century, it likewife detached
itfelf. This gave rife to a hot war, both with the Danes and Henry Duke
of Mecklenburg, during which the burghers in a tumult, killed their magiftracy
and chofe others in their flead. But being bcfieged by Duke Henry
in 13 14, they came to an accommodation with him, and acknowledged him
for their Sovereign. In 1323 Duke Henry procured himfelf to be ii vcfted
with the lordQjip of Rojlock by Chrijlcpher King of Denmark and his fon
Erich. In 1428 they again depofed their magiftracy, but for this being
excommunicated in 1437 by the council of Bajel, and put under the ban
by the Emperor, they reflored them two years after to their former dignity.
In 1487 they again revolted againft the dukes, which gave rife to a five
years war. In the fixteenth century new animofities broke out between
the town and the dukes, but in 1573 and 1584 thefe were compofed by a
perpetual convention. In 1620 a compaift was concluded for the town
excife, flrandmonies and eftates, and in 1715 another relating to the right
of garrifoning,
venery and excife.
2. The ^\knG.oi Rojiock, as well as the town itfelf, was on the partition
made in 1621 between the reigning dukes of Schwerin and Gtijlro, left
in common between the two princes, under the title of der g^emeinjchaftscerter,
but in the convention of 1755 this title was laid afide for that of the
Roßockifcher difiridl. It confifts of the lands belonging to the town of
Roßock, the alms-houfe and the convents, which are
J. In the bailiwick of /^i/w/Vz, Niederkrug, Rs)verß:agen, Puthof, 71 part
of Bentwifcb, and Dierko, Cordßiagen, Purkß.-agen, Vogfß:agen, Goilnitz,
Schlage and Volkßiagen.
2. In the bailiwick ol Schwan, Sildemo, Barnßorf, Bramau, Great and Little-
Klein, Great-Sckwafs, Little-Stove, Dalvitzenhof, Dietrichßoagen, Elmenhorß,
Scbmarly Knjjcbom with its dependencies, Broderßorf, Ickendorf, Rikdahl, and
the

Mecklenburg.] GERMANY', ^^j.
the proprietors and poflefiors of the eftates of Bcckholt, BarteJßorf^ with its
dependencies, Bentwijch and Kcfziji, Ebmkenhagen, JVillerßMgen, Zeppelim-
Wulfßiageii, Roßockcr-Wuljß^agen, AherßorJ, Bcfilin, Biißcvitz, Finkenberg,
Harmßorf, Great and Little-Ktß'evitz, Oberhof and Hcbcn-Sebwarfzy
Gragetopf/hof, Huckßorj, NiendorJ, Greal-Stoue, Wabrßorf, Bißo, Polcbo
and Everßagen. Thefe feveral places form the Diet and on other occafions
are reprefented by the town of Roßeck.
Obf. Warneinunde haven, with the place near it, containing a church,
belongs to Roßock, though the crown of Siveden levies a toll of two rixdollars
and a half on all ihipping paffing that way, which when the commerce
of Roßock was in a more flourifhing State, amounted to upwards of
So,ooo rixdollars per annum, whereas at prefent it fcarce exceeds 6oco.
This toll was impcfed by Szaeden in the thirty years war, and the toll-ri^ht
in the ports of Pomeram'a and Mecklenburg, having been granted to it at the
peace of IVeßpbalia, they retained this, and for the further fecurity ard
levying of it, erefted a fort here. This fort the dukes of Mecklenburg
have complained of, alledging that the toll-right is to be underftood
only of the harbours of the towns, which were ceded to Sweden. That
crown however has kept pofleffion of it, but about the year 1740 mortgaged
it to the Duke ot Mecklenburg.
5. The three following Lutheran convents for ladies, appertaining to the
nobility and States of both dutchies, and by the 7?

388 GERMANY. [Mecklenburg.
converted into a nunnery of that order. On the Reformation it was fequeftratcd,
but in i 572 the dukes john, Albert and Ulrich transferred it to
the States. Belonging to it are twenty-eight villages.
2. The convent of Rihnif^:,, the town of which name is defcribed
above. This convent was founded in 1323 by Duke Henry IV. In his palace
in the faid town is a nunnery for ladies of the order of St. Clere. In
1572 the Sovereigns transferred it to the States. Under it are thirteen
villages, and it is likewife poffeffed of the patronage of St. Mary% church
in Ribnitz, zsüMcoiihoic oi Schivaii, Darfo, Wujtro and Mark. Lately alfo
with the Sovereign's confent it made a purchafe of the Wiilfß^agen eftate.
3. The convent of Malcho^ the town of which is defcribed above.
This convent w.is originally intended for a Dominican monaflery, but its
monks afterwards exchanged it with the AuguJlinc'Nun^ oi Rabel. In 1572
tlie Sovereigns made a grant of it to the States. Belonging to it are fourteen
villages, together with the patronage of the town of Mclcho, and likewife
tho(e of Lexo and Griijjo.
III. The Circle of Stargard, which forms a part of the dutchy of Gußro
and confifts of the ancient Iord£l;iip of Stargard. This country was the
lubjedl of long contefls between the Princes of Mecklenburg and the Marggraves
of Brandenburg. In 1283 the Marggrave Albert IV. gave it with
his daughter Beatrix to Duke Henry IV. who in 1303
acknowledgment of 50CO marks for it. In 13 17 the Elector Waldcmar I.
made a fecond donation of it to Duke Henry IV. and in 1349 a like ceffion
ftill paid an
was made by the Eledlor Lfro/i II. to the Dukes Albert II. and John Vllf.
and laftly in the year 1377 the Emperor Charles IV. annexed it for ever
to the dutchy of Mecklenburg. In 1621 it became a part of the dutchy of
Guflro. In 1701 at the convention of Hamburg, it was transferred by
Frederick William Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin to Adolphus Frederick IL
Duke of Mecklenburg-Sirelitz " cum omni jure principum imperii, in fuch
manner that the faid Duke iliould without referve exercife in it the Jura
territorii & fupericritatis, in all caufes and affairs, whether civil or eccleliaftical,
and by whatever name diftinguiflied ; as alfo that as dominus
feudi dircBus, all Meckhiburg vafTals fliould hold of him ; but the States
in it were to remain in an indiflbluble union with the whole body of the
States zw^ v\d^\\\ly oi Mecklenburg, to be continued in the enjoyment of
their votes at the
Diets, and remain capable of being chofen for provincialcounfellors,
aflelTors in the high-courts of juftice, and adminiftrators of
certain convents." The nobility and towns of this Circle are fummoned
to the Diets and other affemblies by the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schioeriny
who acquaints however the Djke of Alecklenburg-Streliiz of its fpecifying
alfo the articles to be laid before them, and has likewife the power offending
a reprefentative to infpecfl the feveral neceffities of the Circle. The taxes
and colieä:ions levied in this Circle as agreed on in the general Diets or
meetings

•
at
Mecklenburg.] GERMANY. 389
meetings of the nobility and States are remitted to the conimon treafury
of the province, but the Stargnrd quota contributionis'M refunded. The courts
of juftice and the confiftory are ufually held in the Duke of Schwerijis
name, but in caufes relating to the inhabitants of the Stargard Circle, the
citations, injundions and fentences run in both titles, and the Duke of
Strelitz may appoint his affefibr at the courts, and his fuperintendent of
Stargard to fit in the confiftory. In this circle are
1. The following towns : viz.
New-Brandenburg, the capital of the circle, fending one deputy to
the IciTer committee of the States. This town (lands on a rivulet, which
a fmall diftance lofes itfelt" in the lake. It is quite circular and ornamented
with ftrait bread ftreets, containing two churches, a grnmmar-
(chcol, and the luperintendency of the circle. In its neighbourhood grow
great quantities of hops. It was founded in 1248 by Hcrbord von Raven
wxxdcv John I. Marggrave oi Brandenburg : in 1675 was totally deftroyed by
fire, and in 1737 two hundred and eleven of its beft: houfes were confumed
by the fame calamity.
Friedlcind, a fmall town, fituated on a lake in a fenny country. This
church is parochial, and belongs to the village of Sandhagen in the bailiwick
of Stargard, and likewife to the magillracy of Scbivichtenberg a
village in the bailiwick of Friedland. The town itfelf was builc in 1244
by John I. and Otho III. Marggraves of Brandenburg. In 1444, ^556,
1583 and 1703,
it fuffered greatly by fire.
Woldegge or JVoldeck, a fmall town, which in 1443 was entirely burnt
down, and greatly reduced afterwards by many fubfequent fires.
Stargard or Old-Stargard, a town giving name to the lordfliip or
circle. In 1676 this place was deftroyed by fire. On an eminence above
it üands a palace of the Prince.
Strelitz, a town, fituated in a marfliy neighbourhood. This place was
eredted in 1349 by Otho and Ulrich counts oi Furjlenberg. In 1575 and
1676 it was entirely deftroyed by fire. Duke Adolphus Frederick chofe
the palace here for his refidence, but on its being burnt down in 1712, that
Duke built another palace a little way out of the town, at a place
called Glienke, and in 1733 alfo founded a town adjoining to ir, under the
name of New-Streh'tz, taking it for granted that in time it would inlarge
fo as that Old and Neto- Strelitz would become one place.
Furßenberg, a Anall town, fituated between two branches of the Havel,
and once the refidence of the ancient counts oi Furjienberg or Vorftenbach.
The county of Fiirßenberg was ereded in 1349 by the Dukes 'John and
Albert, with a view of conferring it on their faithful adherent Otho Demitz
and his- male heirs, whom the Emperor Charles IV. had for that purpofe
created a Count; but in 1369 Duke Albert reafilimed it, James and Gerhard
brothers and counts of Furjlenberg fiding with Fomerania in oppofition
ta

3§p GERMAN!". [Mecklenburg.
to h'un. Befides the town, to this county have further been added the
houl'e and town of Abrcmberg^ as alfo the houfe and village of Sirelitz with
nine other villages.
Wefcnherg, a fin:ill town, taken in the war of 1276 by the Marggrave 0//-'(j
from the lords of JVcrle, and added to the country of Stargard. Duke
Henry IV. made a grant to. this place, as its territory, of the fertile fpot of
ground called Pomcl. In 1676 and 1706 it was almofl totally deftroyed
by fire, and a third time alfo in 1737, when near one half of it was confumed
by the fame dreadful calamity.
2. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Duke : viz.
1. The bailiwick of Wanzkc.
2. That of Broda.
3. That of Sfargard.
4. That of Fddberg.
z,.
The bailiwick of Strclitz.
6. The bailiwick of Fmjienberg.
7. The bailiwick of Wej'enbcrg.
8. The bailiwick o^ Nemero, which was once a commandery of the order
of St. yohn belonging to the Soiincburg grandniafterihip, but at the peace of
IVefiphalia was alligned to the dukes of Mecklenburg, with a provifo
that they fliould obtain the confent of the order, and pay the Refponf-.
gclder, which is a kind of tribute.
9. The bailiwick of Miro, alfo formed out of a commandery belonging
to the graiid-mafterfliip of Sonneburg, and which came to the ducalhoule
at the fame time, and in the fame manner with the former : Its
chief place
Miro, a fmall town or rather a borough holding of the bailiwick, and
containing a feat of the Princes. In the year 1730 this town was almoft
entirely deflroyed by fire.
3. The follovving manours : ijiz.
1. In the bailiwick oi Stargard, fixty manours, namely Ballien, Bcferitz^
Brunn, Camnüen, Canzenitz, Carpien, Dahlen, De'witz, Eiechhorjl, Galenbeck,
Ganjcho, Gatzke, Genfcho, Gevetzien, Godenjclnvng, Gramelo, Hafeld, Helpede,
Kanzo, Ketek, Klocko, Kofebroma, Kreko, Leppiehn, Lichtenberg, Lub^
herßorf, Milzo, Mollenbcck, Neddemen, Neverien, Neukirchen, Niehcf,
Bodcwal, ^laden-Schonfeld, Rattey, Rhanfeld, Rieke, Roddelien, Rugenhagen,
Schonefeld, Schonhaufen, Sponholt, Trollenhagen, Warlien, Wetjchendorf, Wittenhagen,
Wrechen, &c.
2. In the Ä/r^Z/Vs; bailiwick, feven manours, viz. Blumenhagen, Blumenholz,
Hohen-Zieritz, Prtlleimtz, Weißten, &c.
3. In the bailiwick of Furßenberg, fix, among which are Blomeno,
Boßorf, Danncnnvolde, Prieberd, Torno, &:c.
* * *
The

GERMANY.
The following places and diftriÖs, formerly belonging to the dutchy
Mecklenburg.]
of Schwerin, at the peace of IVeJiphalia were ceded to the crown of
Siveden : namely
I. Wifnmr, in ancient records filled Wijfemer and Wifmer, a town feated
on a bay of the Ballick with a good harbour. This is one of the beft and
largefl: places in all thefe countries, as belides its fix churches it has alio a
particular confiftory of its own, with a grammar-fchool under the diredtion
of eight mailers, and is the feat likewife of a Swedijh court of juftice
ereded in 1653, both for the diftridl and Swedi^j Anterior Pomerania.
This court confifts of a prefident, a vicc-prefident, and four afTeflbrs.
Wifiuar {lill enjoys a middling trade. It was formerly alfo a Han/e~\.o\Nn
and poffelled o\ the privilege of coining. Its annual contribution amounts
to 3000 rixdollars, the licent to about 3500, and the rent of the
ground here, which formerly compofed a part of the works, with that lyinoin
other places, produces fix or feven thouland rixdollars. The firft origin of
this town is not known with any degree of certainty. In 1238 it was inlarged,
and in 1266 obtained the Lübeck right. In 126 1 it was annexed
29i
to the dutchy of Schwerin. In 1627 the Imperialißs got pcireffion of it,
but in 1632 were driven out by the Swedes, to whom it was abfolutely
ceded at the peace of Wißphalia in 1648. In 1675 the Danes 'took ir,
but in 1680 reftored it, whereupon between the years 1681 and 171 1 its
fortifications were increafed. At the end of the year 171 1 it was bombarded
by the Danes. In 171 5 it was blockaded, and in 1716 taken by the northern
confederates, who from the winter of the year 1717 to 1718 blew up and
rafed the fortifications, particularly IValfifcb fort, which flood on an illand.
In 1758 the Prujjians railed large contributions here.
To it belong, the villages of Bauto, Benz, Cliit-zendorf, Da?nmetihaufen, •
Martemdorf, Peplo, Stavin, ^Triwald or Triivalk, Vorder and MidJle-
Wendorf, as alfo Great and Little-Woltersdorf, with fcveral farms and mills.
The contributions from thefe villages and thofe of the Poel and Nciiklojier
bailiwicks, bring in about four hundred rixdollars /!'?r annum.
'
2. The bailiwick of Poel, being an ifland, which at the peace of
Weflphalia likewife went to the crown of Siveden, but is at prcfent mortgaged
to the town of Wifmar. This ifland lies towards the mouth of
the harbour of Wifmar, at the diftance of full one German mile from
the town. On it are the villages of FehrdorJ] Niendorf, Kirchdorf, Tnutnendorf,
Gohitz and Malcho, together with lour farms j befides which it
contains likewife the villages of Seedorf, JVeitendorf, Erandenhiifen and IFaii-
^ern, but thefe lafl belong to the Holy-Gkoß hoCpital at Lübeck.
3. The bailiwick of Neuklofier, fo called from a monailcry, which in
1233 was removed hither from Soimenkamp near Wejienbrugge. Th''s
bailiwick was alfo ceded to the crown of Sweden at the peace of IVeJiphalia.
To it, (exclufive of a large wood, out of which in the ye?,rs 1752
and

392 GERMANY. [Holftciii.
and 1753 timber was fold to the amount of 6248 rixdollars,)
belong the villages of Vorburg, Mcymburg^ Nevcrn, ToUo, Zufo, LuderJdorf,
Glaf'zin, Great-Sien (alfo called Dufain or Thefziii) ReimsJorf, Lubber-
[Jkrf, Bnpßi Tcplitz and Phmowerhof. This bailisv^ick is farmed for
'7690 rixdollars.
4. Of the Warnemunde toll mention has been made above, under the
article
of the town of Roßock.
',
ne Dutchy 0/ H o l s t E i N,
with the LordOiip of P IN NEBERG and the
town of ALTON A.
§, 1. TN DankwertU^ defcription of the dutchics of Sicjwick and Holflcin,
-^ is a general map of the dutchy of HoIJlcin and thirteen particular
r
ones ; all dcfigned with great accuracy by Meier about the middle of the
leventeenth century. The general map has been copied by de Witt^
Vißchcr, Schenk znd Homdun, with the addition of many places out of the
particular ones. That oi Homann conflitutes the one hundred and twentylirfl:
in his Atlas oi Germany. It were to be wiihed that we had a new
map of this dutchy, which accurately exhibited its prefent ftate and political
divilion.
§.2. The dutchy of Kolfleln^ including the lordfliip of Finneberg, is
feparated towards the north from the dutchy of Slejvoick, and confequently
'
alfo from the Kingdom of Denmark by the Eyder and Levenfaue. Some
of its northern parts likewife border on the Baltick, which is alfo its eaftern
boundary. Southward it joins lo xhe duichy oi Lavenburg, the territories
of Lübeck and Hamburg and the Elbe ; and weft ward alfo terminates on the
Elbe and the German ocean. Its greateft extent from weft to eaft is computed
at between feventeen or nineteen geographical miles, and from north to
fonth at tvi'elve or thirteen and a half. But within its circuit are included
the diocefe o^ Eutin and the county of Ranzau, which being lands belonging
to the Empire and Circle fhall be treated of feparately.
§. 3. Its fituation between the Baltick and the German ocean expofe it to
frequent ftorms, which if they purify the air, occalion alfo a heavy expence
to the diftriäs along the German ocean and the Elbe, and to the
lower parts along the rivers running into both, as to fecure themfelves from
the inundations, which they have caufe to dread in ftormy weather,
they are obliged to raife lofty and ftrong dykes, and always keep them in
exadl repair. Thefe diftrifis, however, though fo periloully fituated,
ccnfift of excellent marfhland, producing wheat, barley, beans, peas,
and"

Plolftein.] G E R M A N 7,
and more particularly rapefeed in great plenty, as alfo very nutritive herbage,
by which m^ans it affords fine breeds of cattle, and thofe much larger
and ftronger than in the champaign country, infomuch that a marlhland
cow, in one day generally yields from ten to twenty cans of milk, which
is made into rich butter and cheefe. Befides the native cattle, great number
of heifers are alfo brought here from 'Jutland, to be fattened in
thefe mardilands. The middle part of the country between Rendsburgs
Bordiß:olm and Scgcberg, towards Hamburg, and from thence back by the
way of Itzehoe to Rendsburg, is not much to be boafted of, being moftly
fand and heath, but yet affording good pafturage for flieep. The fern too
in thefe parts is mowed, and in winter ftrewed in the cow-houfes. Far
better and indeed of very good fertility, is the champaign in the other
parts of the country, particularly in the diftridl bordering on the Baltick^
and in that part called the Probßey, where the inhabitants have nocaufe to
envy thofe of the marOiland, though a champaign cow yields only from
five to ten cans. Holßcin in general produces great plenty of grain of all
kinds with a fufficiency of fruit. The oak and beech woods are greatly
diminillied, infomuch that at prefent confiderable quantities of turf arc
burnt. The gentry ufually farm their cows to a Hollander, as he is called,
and it is not unufual for the monies arifing from thefe farms, to make
half the income of their eftates, there being feveral capital farms, having
each three or four hundred head of cattle on them, befides a hundred or a
hundred and fifty on every tenanted farm belonging to them, and the Hollander
for every cow pays from fix to ten rixdollars, the proprietor providing pafiurc
for them in fummer, and ftraw and hay in winter. The beef, veal,
mutton and lamb here is very fat and palatable. Itsftudsare on the decline,
notwithftanding which Holflein ftill affords beautiful horfes, fome of which
are fold for two or three hundred rixdollars, and others even for more. It
abounds likewife in poultry, wild fowl and game of all kinds. The German
ocean with the Baltick, the rivers, the lakes and the ponds furnifli it with a
plentiful variety of fifli. In this country are fifh-ponds of a very fingular
nature, abounding with carp, lampreys, pikes and pearch, for two or
three years, but which every third or fourth year are drained and drawn,
and the fifli fold, after which the pond for fome years is fown with oats
and ufed as pafture land, then again laid under water and ffocked with filL.
This is a moft lucrative piece of oeconomy. Here are no hills which
mavbe properly {o called. The principal inland rivers are the Eydcr, the 5/'or
and the Trave, the laft of which among other rivers receives into it the
Schwartau, the Schwentin, and the Pennau.
§. 4. In this dutchy, the lordfhip of Pinneberg and the town oi Altana
included, are fourteen towns and eighteen boroughs. The peafants in the
prince's bailiwicks, (thofe o{ Cifmar and Oldenbufg excepted) and the monaftical
lands are a free-people, whereas thofe belonging to the nobility are^
Vol. VI. E e e under
393

394
GERMANY. [Holftein.
under villenage, and obliged daily to perform foccage fervices, nor are they
even to ftir off the eftates j though in the marfhland the peafantry of the
nobility are free.
The Holflein nobility form one body with that oi Slefwicky
and enjoy in common the fame rights and privileges,
the joint regency and
tribunals excepted, of which at prefent the Holßein nobility alone is
capable, as fhall be fliown more at large in the fequel. The nobility and
other proprietors of manors^are polTefled of both jurifdiftions, and exempted
from the licent and toll, for the produds of them, or for things brought
to them for their 9wn ufe, as alfo from the duty on ftamp-paper, and
are further poffeffed of the right of hunting. The nobility are proprietors
of the three convents of Itzehoe^ Preetz and Ueierjhi, which places
enjoy equal privileges with the nobility, and the conrtitution of which
(hall be (poken of beneath. Formerly the prelates, foUicitors and priors
of the noble convents, with the nobility and the towns were fummoned
to the Diets by the Sovereign, of which the ufual places were Kiel, Rendsburg,
Slefwick or Fletisburg, but fmce the years ijii and 171 2, when the
laft Diet was held, and that exclufively of the towns, they feem to be
entirely laid afide. The Rittertage or meeting of the nobles, however
ftill exift, and are convened by the prelates, and generally held at Kiel. A
provincial fyndic is alfo continually maintained for the greater conveniency of
them. The Holßein manors are divided into four diftrids, namely thofe
of Oldenburg, Preetz, Kiel and Itzehoe. Each of thefe has a deputy, who
receives information from the prelates, when a meeting or general confultation
of the nobility is necefTary, that each deputy may fignify it to his diftridt.
§. 5. The predominant and eftabliflied religion here is Lutlxranifm, the
churches and paftors being under the infpedtion of provofls, who are fubordinate
to the general fuperintendents, namely the King's, who prefides
over the King's fliare in the dutchies of Slefwick and Holßein, and the
great prince's who rules the churches within his part of the latter. Thefe
churches in common are vifited every year by the fuperintendent of the
ruling Prince, for fuch year. At Gluckjiadt and Altona are both Calviniß
and PopißD churches. At the latter the Mejincnites alfo are poflefTed of
two churches, not to mention other fedts which are tolerated there. Kiel
too has a Greek chapel for the Ru/Jians, and at Gluckjiadt, Rendsburg, Kiel
and Altona the Jews likewife are permitted the exercife of their religion.
§. 6. In the towns are Latin-ichooh, and Altona exclufive of a padagogium
contains alfo an academical gymnapum. In XzV/ is an univerfity.
%,. 7. This country is not without feveral manufadlures and fabricks,
particularly in the towns of Altona and Gluckfladt, but thefe might be
confiderably augmented. Its advantageous fituation too for commerce, as
bordering on the Baltick and German oceans, with its navigable rivers,
are not improved to a proper degree. Hamburg and Lübeck fupply the
inhabitants with moft foreign commodities. The principal inland trading
towns

HolMn.] G E R M A N r. 395
towns are Altona, Gluckjladt and Kiel. Its exports are grain, malt, grots,
flarch, buckwheat, peas, beans, rapefeed, horned-cattle, flieep, rams,
fwine, horfes, poultry, butter, checfe, venifon and fifh.
§. 8. The dutchy of Holßcin confifts of the ancient provinces of Holßeifiy
Storifiar, Ditmarfh and Wagria. The three firfi: of thefe were formerly
called Nordalbingia or Saxony beyond the Elbe. The Saxons of thefe countries
were a free people till fubdued by Charles the Great, who carried
away above 10,000 families of them, whom he fettled on the other fide
the Rhme in Flanders, Brabant and Holland, In procefs of time this
country came under the dutchy of Saxony, and Duke Lotharius afterwards
Emperor, in 1106 erefted Holßein and Stormar into a county,
conferring it as a fief on Adolphus I. Count of Schauenburg, under whole
ion Q,ov\x\i Adolphus W. Wagria alfo became incorporated into the dutchy
of Holßein. The fame count iikewife permitted the Wendi, who till that
time had inhabited Wagria, to tranfplant themfelves into the country about
Lutjenburg, Oldenburg ^n(i the trads on the Baltick; alTigning the other
parts to the new emigrants, whom he invited thither out of Flanders,
Holland, Utretcht, Wejlphalia and Frießand. Some parts alfo were conferred
on the Holßeiners, who fettled at Segeberg about the Trave, along
the Schwentin, and from the Schwale to the Ploen lake. Henry the Lion,
Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, being put under the ban of the Empire,
Adolphus III. Count of Holßein and Schauenburg, at firft difplayed a zealous
attachment to the Duke, but refenting his refufal of the property of
the prifoners taken in the adion againft the Weßphalians he forfook him,
who in 1180 however difpoflefTed him of all his territories on the other
fide of the Elbe, infomuch that the faid Count was obliged to retire to
Schauenburg. On the return of the Duke from England in 1189 after he had
recovered the county of Stade, and was crofling the Elbe towards Holfein,
the Holßeiners in conjundtion with the inhabitants of Stormar, Count
Adolphus being at that time abfent in Paleßi?ie, declared for the Duke,
but in 1192 the count returned and applied to the Emperor Frederick
for reftoration of his territories in Holftein and Stormar. This Emperor
efpoufing his caufe made him feveral prefents, on which the count entered
into an alliance with Bernhard the new Duke oi Saxony, and the Marggrave
Otho oiBrandenburg, by whofe affiftance he was again put in poilefiion of thofe
countries. On the deceafe of Duke Henry the Lion, he became reconciled
to his Ion the Duke and Pfalzgrave Henry, who befides granting him the
fief of Gamme, his patrimonial eftate, which lay along the Elbe, Iikewife
made over Lauenburg to him. But in 1203 Waldemar II. King of Z)t'/>
mark overran all thefe countries, and taking count Adolphus prifoner,
compelled him to renounce them by oath, on which he retired a fecond
time into the county oi Schauenburg. His fon Count Adolphus IV. in 1224,
again reduced them under his power, and in 1227 defeating /Fß/dt/;;V;r IJ.
E e e 2 at

3g6 GERMANY. [Holftein.
at Bornhovet fecured himfelf In the quiet poflefllon of them.
This Prince
fubmitted to Albert Duke of Saxony, who had aflifted him in the refcuing
the country from the dominion of the Danes ; but at length entered into
the order of bare-footed Friars. His fons the Counts John I. and Gerhard I.
made a partition of his territories, in purfuance of which the former obtained
TVagria and Kiel -, the latter Holjlein and Stormar, and afterwards
alfo the county of Schauenburg. The firfl of thefe lines became extind in
1390, in the perfon of Count Adolphus X. on which Wagria was again
united with Holßc'ni. The Holjicin line which defcended in the manner
above-mentioned from Count Gerhard I. again became divided into two
lines in his two fons the Counts Gerhard II. and Henry I. Of that
which had the latter for its founder, defcended Count Gerhard VI, on
whom in 1386 the King of Denmark conferred the dutchy of Slefwick as
a fief, which was alfo held by his fon Adolphm VIII. (or XII.) which
Prince in 1448 the Danes ^tr^ even for making their King, but he declined
the dignity. His death put an end to his line, and in J 459 Chrijlian I.
King of Denmark being by the States of the dutchy of Slefwick and the
county of Holftein, elefted Sovereign, that monarch came to an agreement
with Otho II. Count of Scljauenburg defcended from the abovementioned
Count Gerhard I. who, in 1460 in confideration of the lordfliipof
Pinneberg, to which at that time belonged the prefent county of Ra?2-
zati, and the fum of 43,000 Rheniß guilders, renounced all claim and
title to the dutchy of Shfuick and the county of Holjlein.
K'mg Cbrifianl. in 1474 permitted the countries of Hc^«'«, Stor?nar and
Ditmarß, to be ereded into a dutchy by the Emperor Frederick III. At this
time Wagria was reckoned as included in Holftein and Stormar, but the Ditwarß:ers
would not fubmit to him. Ckriftian left two fons behind him, namely
King John and Duke Frederick I. who made a partition of the dutchies of
Slefvick and Holftein, but King Chriftian II. fon to the former having loft
the crown, and with it his part of the dutchies, the latter fucceeded both to
the crown and territories, and in his two fons King Qjriftian III. and
Duke Adolphus founded the two capital lines, viz. the royal and princely
line, or that o^ Gottorf. In 1533 King Chriftian III. formed the celebrated
union of reciprocal afBflance, which in 1623 was renewed at Rendsburg.
In 1544 he divided alfo his part of the dutchies between his two brothers
Duke John the Elder and Adolphus, the convents of nobles with the nobility
and towns continuing under their joint regency. Frederick II. fon and fuccelTor
to Chriftian III. and the Dukes John and Adolphus at length, namely in 1559
totally fubdued the Ditmarß:ers, and divided the land among themfelves.
Duke John the Younger the King's brother, alfo came in for a fliare of
the King's part of the dutchies, and founded the Sonderburg hne. On the
deceafe of the faid Duke John the Elder, his fhare of the country was divided
between the King his brother and his father's brother Duke Adolphus.
The

Holftein.] GERMANY. 397
The King's part of Holftein ftill remains vefted in the royal family and the
houfe of Holftein. Of the Sonderburg Hne, which became fubdivided into
ihofe oi Somierburg,
(of which the lines ol Angußenburg and Beck are collateral)
Norburg, which is extindl, and Ploen, the iafl only is at prefent
pofTefled of a fhare in Holftein, which by virtue of the compadl made in
1756, on their failure is to be annexed to the King's part.
Duke Adolphus, fecond fon to King Frederick I. and founder of the Gottorf
or princely line, bequeathed his Ihare in the dutchies of Slefwick and
Holftein to his fons, of whom only the third, namely Duke John Adolphus
had iflue. This Prince alfo introduced the right of primogeniturediip, and
dying in j6i6 his Ion Duke Frederick III. had likewife for fucceflbr
Duke Chrifuan Albert, who was alfo fucceeded by his fon Duke Frederick
IV. whofe fon Charles Frederick in a fecond marriage, efpoufed Anne
the eldeft daughter of Peter I. Emperor of Rußa, but was foon after not
only difpoflelfed of all his territories, but at the peace in 1720 likewife entirely
lolt his patrimonial fliare of the dutchy of Slefwick. This Prince
dying in 1739, his fon Duke Charles Peter Ulrich was, in 1743, by his
mother's fifter Elizabeth Emprefs oiRußia, declared great Duke of Rußa^
on which he affumed the name of Peter Feodorowitz.
§. 9. The counts of Holftein were vaflals of the dukes of Saxony, and
that both of duke Henry the Lion, and the fucceeding dukes of the Afcanian
line, of the latter of whom in 1380 they received the county of Holflein and
Stormar in fief. It appears however that on the extindtion of the eledtors of
Saxony of the Afcanian line, the counts of Holftein detached themfelves
from all feudal duty to Saxony, and alfo that they neither follicited an inveftiture
from the Empire, nor from Erich V. Duke of Saxe-Lauenburgy
though the latter in 14 14, had permitted them to receive the inveftiture of
the counties of Holftein and Stormar from the Emperor Sigijmiind. About this
time too fohn Scheele Bifliop of Lübeck furreptitioufly procured from the fame
Emperor a commiflion for himfelf and fucceffors, to confer the inveftiture
on the counts of Holftein in the Emperor's name, but the counts of
Holfteiii did not thereby become vaffals to the fee of Lübeck or lofe any
part of their immediate dependency on the Empire. Accordingly at firll
they did not offer to oppofe that grant of the privilege to the bifliops of
Lübeck, it being at that time rather of no fmall advantage to them, as
furnifhing them with an opportunity of detaching themfelves abfolutelv
from the electors of Saxony, and likewife of becoming firaply vaflals of
the empire, nor could they receive the inveftiture from the bifliops of o
Lübeck within their own territories, and therefore muft confequently obtain
it with litde trouble and expence ; and their exemption from all impofis
of the Empire, in which they had before been included, continued in this
manner till 1548. But King Chriftian 11. obtained from the Emperoi-
Charles V. that for the future the inveftiture of Holftein fliould be conferred

398 GERMANY. [Holftein.
'
°
ill the Emperor's name, by himfelf and his fucceffors. And notwithftanding
Duke Frederick immediately made a warm oppofition to this privilege,
and King Chriflian II. himfelf voluntarily rcfigned it in ihetveaty oiBordiJlo/m
of J 522, yet ihe fee of Lübeck has never been able to recover the dilpofal
of the fief, though its intereft was efpoufed by the Kings Chrijiian III. and
Frederick II. as alfo by the Dukes John and Adolphin ; it being the Emperor's
unalterable pleafure, that the inveftiture of Holjiein fliould be conferred
by the Emperor's immediate perfon, which has accordingly continued
fo ever fince.
§. 10. The King of Denmark by virtue of his fliare in this country
ftiles himfelf Duke of Holjiein, Storniar and Ditmarjb. All the dukes of
Holjiein and Slefwick, both of the royal and princely houfe l^ile themfelves
heirs of Norway, Dukes of Slejwick, Holßein, Stormar and Ditmarjh, and
Counts of Oldenburg and Delmenhorji. The arms of the Duke of Holßein,
confift of five fields, and an elcutcheon. The firft of thefe is only
a lion crowned topaz in his paws a bent halberd pearl, for Norway. The
fecond topaz two lions pafiant faphire (or Slefwick. The third ruby a nettle
leaf expanded and divided into three parts pearl, with an efcutcheon party
per bend ruby and pearl, having round it three nails argent, placed between
the three parts of the nettle leaf, for Holßein, The fourth is ruby a fwan
pearl and crowned, being topaz about the neck, for Stormar. The fifth
is faphire a horfeman armed topaz with his fword drawn, and a horfe
pearl, caparifoned diamond for Ditmarßxr. The efcutcheon is quarterly,
the firft and fourth topaz barry ruby, for Oldenburg; and the third and
fourth a crofs wavey topaz for Delmenhorfl. All thefe fevera! parts occur
in the King of Dejimark's coat in the manner and dlfpofition defcribed
under the article Denmark. Wagria though it form no part either of the
title or coat, has in its arms topaz an ox's head faphire quadrant.
§. II. The King of Denmark by virtue of his fhare in the dutchy of
Holßein, enjoys both feat and voice in the college of the Prince's of the
Empire, as does alfo the grand Duke of Rußia for his portion. The vote of
the former is called the vote of Holjlein-Gluckfladt, and that of the latter
Holßcin-Gottorf. Both alfo under the fame titles, fit and vote in the
Circle of Lower Saxony, and together with Mecklenburg, prefent in their
turn an afiTefl^or for this Circle in the Aulic chamber. The afTefiment of
the whole dutchy in the matricula of the Empire is forty horfe, and eighty
foot or eight hundred florins. To the chamber at Wetzlar, Holßein-
Gluckjladt pays one hundred and eighty-nine rixdollars, thirty-one kruitzers
and a half, and Holfieiji-Gottorf the like fum.
§. 12. Holßein has an order of knighthood, namely that of St. Anne,
which was founded in ly 2
5 ^y "^^^^ Charles Frederick. The enfign of
this order is a red crofs enamelled, on the right fide of which is the word
AfJfie written in a cypher, and on the left the letters A. I, P. F. alfo in a
cypher.

Holfteln.]
GERMAN!,
cypher, which are explained by the fubfcription : Amantlbus yuftitiam,
Pictatem, Fidem. ' This crofs is worn pendant at a red ribboa edged with
yellow, floping from the left flioulder down to the right fide.
§. 13. The King of Denmark appoints a Stadthoider over his part of
Holftein and the dutchy of Slefwick, and every Sovereign has his col-
Jeges of State. At Gluckfiadt is held the King's regency-office, which
in 1648 was eredled at Flensburg on its prefent footing, but in 1649 was
removed to Gluckfiadt, and in 1752 received fome alterations. Befidesthe
prefident, who is always Stadthoider, the members of this office are a chancellor,
a vice chancellor, five counfellors, having falaries, and three fecretaries,
the third of whom is alfo keeper of the records ; and this court
is held four times a year. To it fince 1737 has been annexed the Oberajntsgericht
or fupreme bailiwick-court, which on the rifing of the
chancery-court, is held by the members of the regency-office, though
in the protocol of caufes thofe of the Ober-amtsgericht have a feparate
regifter. This court receives appeals from the lower bailiwick-courts, but
from thofe two courts no appeal lies, except to the King alone. The upper
confiftory is always held during the vacation of the chancery and bailiwick
courts. Its members, exclufive of thofe of the other courts, are the general
fuperintendent (if ordained to be prefent) the provofts of Munßerdorf,
and Finneberg-Alt07ia, and the court chaplain at Gluckfiadt. Ever fince
the year 1754 the regency court has been made the fupreme criminal
court, and an end put to fending the adls to civilians living out of the
country. The high courts of Finneberg., Altana and Ranzau fiiall be
fpoken of in our account of thofe countries.
The feat of the great duke's privy-council and regency-court, together
with the chief coniiftory, which is united to it, is Kiel.
With refpedt to inferior courts, the feveral caufes in the towns are tried
by the magiftracy, from whofe fentences an appeal lies to the court of
regency. Every town alfo has a petty court of its own, confifting of two
counfellors, who take cognizance of criminal caufes, as likewife of fmall
debts, defamatory words or wrongs, ^c. and from thefe an appeal lies to
the magiftracy. There are alfo other courts here, which for brevity's fake I
omit. In the bailiwicks the Kircbfpiehcgts are allowed to mediate a reconciliation,
and the bailifiT has the firft inftance. The party who thinks
himfelf aggrieved thereby, in the Geeß bailiwicks appeals to the Ding
and Recht, which judges in criminal and civil caufes, and is held by
certain houfe-keepers or peafants ftiled fromme Holftein^ by the Di?igiogf
who fits with a drawn fword, the arbitrator and the interceflbr. The
bailiffs have indeed a right to fee that their procedures be regulated according
to law, but that without any vote.
The clerks of the bailiwick conduft the
regifter. In Segeberg bailiwick the high bailiwick court has been introduced
inftead of the Ding and Recht. In Kretnpcr and Wilftermarfcly
the
399

400 GERMANY. [Holftein.
the lower court is called the Loading (or more properly the Landding, or
court held for a certain trad of the country) from which court an appeal lies
to the Coding, properly called the Gauding, being a court extending itfelf
over a whole Gau, in {Latin Pagiis) or province, which is a middle judicature.
Of the lower courts in the lordfliip of Pinneberg a fufHcient account
is given in its proper place. There are befides thefe, leveral inferior
courts or confiftories here, which Avail be taken notice of under the feveral
bailiwicks and towns to which they belong.
§. 14. The convents and nobility in the dutchy of Holßtin an4 the
tenants of both arefubjecl to the joint-government, to which every Michaelmas
the King and Duke alternately fucceed. The perfon in whom the
diredory is lodged adminifters it by his office of regency, which in all cafes
requirino- difpatch, or not admitting of an appeal to the provincial court»
after previous notification to the other Sovereign's office of regency, iflues
forth orders and citations to the provincial-court, and that in both their names,
but always gives precedence to the King's. The law affairs of the fubjedls
are ufually carried firfl before the joint ^arial couvt, which is held fix weeks
before the feffion of the provincial-court, and is at it were a preparative to
the next provincial couit for the greater difpatch of affairs. Thefe are
brought from thence to no other than the provincial-court, which, when
thought necefiary, is fignified by letters patent under the feals of both
Sovereigns, and then are held alternately at Kiel and Gluckftadt. The
dircdory of this court appertains to the ruling Sovereign for the current
year. It is compofed of four of the King's counfellors, and the like
number of the Prince's, who mufl be all nobles; as alfo of four men of
letters for each Sovereign, who are generally taken from the regency
or offices, affifted by a chancellor, who is alternately appointed by the
Sovereigns, and who in conjundion with the recorder of the Landgericht takes
an oath to both Sovereigns. Its other members are a fecretary from each
Prince. In this court the caufes of the prelates, nobility and paftors in the
churclies of the nobility have their firft hearing, and hither likewife come
all appeals from the courts of the nobility and convents. Every thing is
tranfaded verbally, but in appeals to the aulic council or chamber at
Wetzlar, vj\\\c\\ in fomc cafes are allowed, all the ads and proceedings
The moft recent Landgericht was convened at Gluckftadt
mufl: be in writing.
in 1753- At the breaking up of the Landgericht is held the joint general
confiftory, at which the two general fuperintendents affift. A joint criminal
court is alfo cuflomary.
With regard t-o-the lefier courts of the convents and nobility, the former
either .fit on the conventualifts, and are held by the abbefs or priorefs and
the fen^or members of each convent, the agent or prior affifling ; or are
courts eftabliflied in civil caufes over the vafiälsofthe convents. Thefe are
fometimes heard by the abbefs or priorefs or the agent or prior, horn wliom
they

HoIftefn.J GERMAN!'. 401
hey may appeal to the Ding and Recht, and again to the joint Landgericht,
but at the convent of Werfen the Coding mufl; be previoufly
applied to. The convents here have alfo a criminal judicature. The nobility
and proprietors of manors are
likewife poiTefled of both jurifdidlions
over the people of their eftates whether freemen or vaffals. In criminal
cafes, the ads are fcnt to the univerfity, but the nobility inflid the punifliment
due to the offence.
§. 15. The principal ordinary revenues of the Sovereigns arife from
the demefncs, the regalia and the feveral irapofts on the fubjecls, which
are the contribution, licent and ftamp-paper, with the furnifliing of rye,
oats, hay and llraw. The contribution is paid by the towns, bailiwicks,
convents and manors, according to the number of pflugs, but the number
of morgens reckoned to a pflug is according to the nature of the eftates,
being fometimes twenty-four, twenty-live, twenty-fix, twenty-feven, twentyeight,
twenty-nine and a half, and even thirty-fix. A morgen is one
hundred and twenty rods in length and three and three-fourths broad, a
rod is fixteen feet, and a foot twelve inches. There is no exadl terrar or
real number of pflugs belonging to each town, convent, baihwick and
manor. Some are aflelled too high and others too low. The convents
and proprietors of manors pay three rixdollars per menfem contribution for
every pflug, one half of which goes to the King, and the other half to the
Duke or great Prince, as he is fl:iled. Thus the yearly contribution of
feveral manors amounts to, or rather exceeds 2000 rixdollars, and the convent
and manor pflugs in the dutchy of Holjiein, which pay contribution
to the Sovereign being about 2625, their contribution alone produces
100,000 rixdollars, which is paid every month by the manors and convents
immediately into the military cheft of each Sovereign. In the towns it is
colleded by the magifl;racy, and in the bailiwicks by the greffier thereof.
The princeßenßeiier or Princefi!es tax is a dollar for every pflug.
§. 16. The King of Denmark ufually keeps here fome regiments of foot
and one of horfe. The provincial regiment of Echlcjkdg-HoJßein raifed in
1739, is generally formed out of the King's part of the dutchy of Holjlein,
though in ^"^
IJSS exemption was granted to Kremper and Wilftermarjch,
the lordfliip of Finneberg and the county of Ranzau. Out of every three
pflugs and three fourths is chofen a committee man, who mufl be between
fixteen or eighteen and thirty-fix years of age, and ferve fix years. The town
of Heiligenbafen on any emergencies furniflies a certain number of feamen
for the King's fleet, which feamen are regifbered. With refped to the
Duke's military force, it amounts to about eight hundred men.
§. 17. V/e now proceed to defcribe
I. Tne King's fliare and that of the Duke of Ploen, in the dutchy of
Hoijlein, the former of which is near double the extent of the latter.
I. The King's part which confifis of
Vol. VI. Fff i. The

402 GER M ANY. [Holflcin.
I . The following towns : 'viz.
Gluckßadt, m Laiin Tychopolis, a town and fortrefs fituated in Stormar,
and lying on the Elbe, which at this place receives into it a fmall river
called the Rhein. Gluckßadt is regular and well built. The market-place
looks into the main-ftreets. The adjacent country being hollow and
marfliy, a ftone caufe-way of near three quarters of a mile in length has
been carried along it from Kj-cmpe. On the landfide the town may be
laid under water. There being no fprings here, the greateft part oF the
houfes have cifterns for the receiving of rain, and thofe which are without
fuch conveniences are obliged to ufe the harbour water or that of the new
moat. Storms and inundations being frequent in thefe parts, the inhabitants
have not been negligent in making proper fences. That this town
-
is the feat of the King's regency, and the offices and courts connected
with it, appears from the above introduition, (§. 13.) and here alfo is kept
the joint Landgericht, when held in the King's department. Both the
garrifon and palace congregation frequent the town-church. Here is alio
a free grammar-fchool. The Bridewell with a work-houfe eredled in 1739
has a particular faftor of its own. The Cahinißs are permitted a church, the
Roman-C2iiho\\c% a chapel, and the Jews a fynagogue. In 1738 a commercial
college was inftituted here by King Chrijtian VI, it being a place of fome
trade, and in 1 750 King Frederick V. eftabliflied an office for keeping of the
harbour in good condition. Adjoining to this harbour is a bafon for the
reception of veffels, Gluckßadt was built in 1620 by permiffion of Chrißiian
IV. in a warte called the ivlldenießs, who in the patent granted to it
gave orders that it fliould be named Gluckßadt, or i\\Q fortunate town, conferring
on it at the fame time many cufloms, rights and privileges, as enjoyed
by the town of Wilßer, and foon after it was inverted with the Lübeck
and Hamburg rights. The palace of Glucksburg here, which was ereded
by the fame King, has been long fince pulled down. The town has been
feveral times befieged, particularly in 1628 by the Imperialifts, but has
never been taken.
Krempey a Imall town, alfo fituated in the Stormar marfhland, along
the little river Krempelnd fortified in 1535, but difmantled towards the
clofe of the feventeenth century. The walls here being pulled down, and
the moats filled by the people of Kremper and Wilßtermarßch, the ground
gained thereby was conferred on them as an hereditary property, and
added to the Stcinhurg bailiwick. Krempe was eredted into a town in
1 27 1 by Count Gerhard!, with the inveftiture of Lübeck rights, which
were confirmed to it in 1306 and 1363.
Wilßer, a fmall town, fituated in Holjtein on the nvex Wüßter. Its church
lies within the precindl: of the bailiwick of Steinburg. Count Gerhard II.
ereded this place into a town in 1282, conferring on it the Z///i^^i-/(' rights.
Itzehoe, a town fituated in Holfteiny on the navigable part of the Star,
and

Holftein.] G E R M A N y.
and divided into the old and new. The latter of thefc is partly furrounded by
the main ftream of thciS/w, and partlyalfo by the artificial branch drawn from
it, which feparates it from the old town. In this part alfo lies St. Laurences
church, which is a {lately edifice, and near it is a convent for ladies of
noble birth, which will znake a particular article in the fcquel. St. George%
alms-houfe has a chapel to it. In the new town lies St. Nicokss chapel,
with the town houfe and Lrt'//« free-fchool. In 1738 King Cb-i/UanVl.
inftituted a commercial college here. The town derives its origin from an
order iffued in 809 by the Emperoi Charles the Great to Count Egbert, that
on the Stor, at a place caWed Eßsf/J, he fliould build a town and fortrefs
againfl the Danes. This fortrefs afterwards obtained the name of Ejc/jo
or Etzehoe, which in the fourteenth century was changed into that of
Itzehoe. In the year 1200 the Burg, and no fmall part of the adjoining
place was deflroyed ; but the latter was rebuilt, and for its greater ftrength
furrounded by water, a wide canal being drawn to it from the Stor. In 1238
Count Adolphus IV. eredted it into a town, conferring on it Lübeck rights,
and in 1260 the Counts John znd Gerhard made it a flaple, fo that all
fliips coming up the Stor out of the Elbe and from Wiljkr zre to unlade
here, and offer their goods to fale, and not to proceed farther upwards
without the permiffion of the magiftracy. On account of the abovementioned
rebuilding of this place, all that part of the town environed
by the Stor is called the New-tow?!, though in reality more ancient than
that named the Old, which did not obtain municipal rights till 1303,
though part of it efcaped the deflrudtion of the year 1 200. The old Burg was
indeed rebuilt at the end of the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth
century, but in procefs of time is fallen to decay, and its fite annexed to
the bailiwick of Steinburg. In 1643 Itzehoe was taken and fortified by
the Swedes, but wrefted from them again in 1644. In 165-7, however,
they reduced it
entirely to afhes.
Obf. About a quarter of an hour from the town is a place confifling
only of two houfes called Nordo, where in 1578 Henry oi Ra?izau, out of a
fondnefs for glory, caufed a ftone pyramid to be ereded on an eminence.
Re?2dsburg, a town, having a fort in HoIJiein, on the river Eyder, and
fituated on the confines of the Empire of Germany. This place confifts
of three parts. The Alteßadt or Old-town lies on an ifland in the Eyder,
which runs in two branches through the town. It was formerly matter of
conteft whether this ifland belonged to the dutchyof Schlcfwig or Holjlein.
Over the old Holjlein gate, which looks towards Holßein, and leads to the
mine-work beyond \}c\QLower-Eyder, is engraved the following penthameter,
viz: Eydora Romani tennimis imperii. In 1690 when ¥J\ng ChrijlianY.
befides incorporating the fuburb of Vindizier made confiderable additions
both to the Schlefwig and Holjlein fides, this old town was confiderably inlargedj
a fociety of the inhabitants of Vindizier after fencing the ground
F f f 2
before
403

404 GERMANY. [Holftein.
8
before the fite of the ruined caftle, called the SchleufzJmhle building, on it,
which buildings form the fecond part of the town, and are fo named from
the fluice without the Schlefwig gate. The Eyder feparates itfelf at this
place in fuch a manner that the branch which runs above the Old-town is
called the Upper-Eydcr, and the main flream the Lower-Eyder. The
Schkufz Kuhle ftands within the fortifications of the Old-town. The third
part of the town, which is the neweft, is called the Neucwerk, and lies on
the other fide of the Loiver-Eyder in the Holßein territories, being regular,
Iiandfome, and having particular fortifications of its own, which environ
the Old-town in form of a half moon. The whole place confifts of fix
hundred houfes, and is generally well garrifoned. In it is the royal armoury
with the carri?ge-houfc, and the granary, which are all large buildings.
Rendsburg contains two parifli churches, namely, one in the Old-town^
near which ftands the Latin free-fchool, and the other in the Neue?iwerk.
In the latter of thefe the Emperor is ffiU prayed for> but not in the former.
It has alfo its own confifiory, and is the feat likewife of the King's general
fuperintendents over Ho/ßein or Scblefwig, and the h^Yiwick o( Re/idsburg,
as far as to its jurifdiftion belong the houles between the Muhlenbrucke and
Schleufzkuhle. In this town too is a commercial college eftabliflied in J 73
by Chriftian VI. It is pofl^efled.of the Lübeck rights, and owes both its
name and origin to the ancient caftle of Rcinholdiburg, erc(5led by
Count Adolphus III. in the year 1200, but repaired and improved in
1320 by Count Gerhard the Great. Several counts oi Holßein have made
it their refidence, but on the taking of the town of Tomiingen it was
totally demoliflied. In 1627 Refidsbia-g was taken by the Imperialifts,
and in 1643 by the Swedes, who evacuating it the Danes again took poffeffion
of it, and in 1645 defended it againft the ^tW« with great bravery.
In 1675 a convention was concluded at this place between Chriftian V.
and Duke Chrifiian Albert.
Segeberg, a fmall town, fituated in Wagria, and containing about one
hundred houfes exclufive of the fuburb of Giejchenhagen, a part of which
lies in the bailiwick of Segeberg, belonging to the King, and a part of the
Travendahl bailiwick appertaining to the Duke of Holjtein-Ploen. Segeberg
lies at the foot of a chalk-hill, formerly called the Alberg, and where in
1
137 the Emperor Äoz^/?)tr ereded a caftle under the name oi Siegelberg,
which in time became changed to Segeberg. This caftle ftcod feveral
fiege?, but at length fell to ruin. The town has been feveral times deilroyed,
but has always recovered itfelf. Before the year 1244 Count
Adalphus IV. conferred on it Lübeck rights, which were confirmed to it in
1260. In 1620 a meeting was held at this place of the Frotefiajit Princes
and their envoys.
without the town Henry Ranzaii caufed a pyramid to be ereded
A little
in 1 588^ and in 1590 an obelifk, with infcriptions on each. Beneath the
former

Hülftein.] G E R M A N r. 405
former is a chapel, in which an annual fermon is preached every V/hitßindayy
and money diftributed among the poor.
Oldeßoe, an old httle town, fituated in Wagria^ and enjoying Lübeck
rights. This place was in good circumflances till the fifteenth century,
when it fuffered fevcral times by war and fires, infomuch that it has never
fince been able to recover itfelf. At Oldeßoe is a falt-lpring of great antiquity,
which was flopped by order of Henry the Lyon, till one F/Vrc^^, who
had obtained the King's patent, in 1750, undertook to fet it on foot again.
Liitjenburg, an ancient little town lying in Wagria, and which in 1275 obtained
Lübeck rights. Thefe rights were conferred on it by Count Gerhard I.
Heiligenhafen, a fmail town alfo fituated in IVagria, on the coafls of the
Baltick, oppofite the ifland of Fernem, between which and the town lies
the Fernem Sund, being about one German mile in breadth. The harbour,
of which it bears the name, Hands about one-eighth of a German mile to
the eaft of it. The asra of its building was probably in the twelfth century,
and it may be fuppofed to have received its charter and Lübeck rights from
Co\xnl Adolphus IV". which were confirmed to it in 1305, by Count Gerhard
\l. In 1390 this place was entirely deftroyed by fire.
II. The following bailiwicks and provinces, in each of which was
ereded a chamber of ceconomy in the year 1738 : namely,
I. The bailiwick of Steinburg, which lies both in Stormar and Holftein,
and is the moft confiderable of all the bailiwicks, as comprehending under
it the Kremper and Wilftermarfch. Both thefe marflies have their infpeflors
and dykegraves, among the latter of whom the bailiff of this place is
reckoned the higheft. Caufes alfo are firfl tried before him, but from
him lies an appeal to the Lodding, which is held by fixteen houfe-keepers
and iheDingvogt, utterly independent of the bailiff. The Lodding of the J-Filßermarßh
is
held in the open airy on the market-place oilFiljter town, and
that of the Krempermarfch, in the council houfe of the town of Krempe ; but
from each of thefe a further appeal lies to the joint Goditig appointed for both
marlhes, which confifts of twelve ^^tV^^/-« //ö^^/«, as they are called, who
are appointed for life, that is to fay fix from Kremper and the like number
from Wilftermarßch. This court is held either at Kre?npe or on the Burg of
Itzehoe, and from it caufes are moveable to the upper bailiwick court.
The churches and preachers of this bailiwick are fubordinate to the Mun~
ßerdorß con fiCiovy, under which like wife are the minifters in the towns of
Gluckßadt, Krempe, Weißer and Itzehoe, with the paftors in the manour
churches within the precinifl of this bailiwick, and likewife thofe of the
churches on the Horß. The prefident of this confiftcry is the bailiff of ^/c-Zwburg,
and the affeffors (not to mention the provolt, who is generally the
chief paftor of Itzehoe) are compofed of the principal paftors of the four
towns above-mentioned, and likewife of thofe in the country pariflies, to
the number of twenty-one, exciufive of the deacons^ and its fecretary is-

:
4o6 GERMANY. [Holftein.
the adminiftrator of the bailiwick of Steinbitrg. The bailiff has for fome
time pafl held his courts at Itzehoe. We have above obferved that under
the bailiwick of Steinburg is included the land gained by the demolifhment
of the fortifications of Krempe, and that part of the new town of
Itzehoe called the Burg. It further confifts of
1. The Wilßcrmarfch, and in this part are fix Kircbfpiehogteyi or parochial
governments : namely
The Alte Seite, in ancient records ftiled Vetus Terra, lying to the north
and eaft of the town of Wilßer ; and
The New Seife, fituated to the fouth and weft of the faid town
both which are incorporated with the town church of Wilßer, which lies
within the precindt of the Steinhurg bailiwick.
Beyenßeth, having its church in the village of the like name.
Weioelsßeth, the church belonging to which alfo lies in the village of
the fame name, fituated at the conflux of the AVer into the Elbe, on which
account toll, licent and beaconage are levied here on foreign vefTels.
Brocktorf, and
St. Margarcthen, the churches belonging to which lie in the village fo
called, and at both fliips pay toll.
2. Of the Kremperniarjch, confining of eight Kirchfpiehogteys, namely
Netcenbrock, having its church in the village of that name.
liohenfelde, fituated in a champaign country, and having its church in
the village of the like name.
Grevenkop, which is incorporated with Krempe, and at the extremity of
which lies the fort of Steinburg, with its village. This fort gives name to
the bailiwick, having been formerly the refidence of the bailiff. In it is
kept a fmall garrifon.
Suderau, the church belonging to which lies in the village ofthat name.
Kammerland, which is incorporated with Suderau.
Ehkop, and
Krcmpdorf, the latter of which is incorporated with Krempe.
Borißeth, having its church in the village of the like name.
2. The bailiwick of Segeberg, lying partly in Wagria, and partly in
Stormar. Its juridical conflitution, both in civil and ecclefiaflical caufes, was
eftabliflied in 174"^, by a particular ordinance of the King. The Amtsgericht
or bailiwick court here, coniifls of the bailiff as prelident, afTifted by
the fleward, the Hans and Kirfchpiehogt of Segeberg, Leeizen and Bornho'-cet,
with the Kirchjpiehogts of Bramßadt and Kaltenkirchen, as aflefTors. This
court is held twice a year, for which Segeberg is the feffions town. The
bailiff on an equality is pofTeffed of the cafling vote, and the fteward is
alfo clerk of the court. The inferior confiflory of the bailiwick, and the
four towns of Segeberg, as namely, Oldeßoe, Lutjenburg and Heiligenhafen is
compofed of the bailiff, as prefident, who when the votes are equal pronounces

Holftein.] GERMANY. 407
nounces decllively, aßifted by the provoft aiid copaftor of Begebcrg, with
the paftors of Lectzen, Bombovet^ Warder and Prorrßorf. Befides thefe,
who are flated members of it, the other paftors of the provoflihip of i'^'^fberg
may whenever they pLeafe, but at their own expence, make their appearance
at the court, and at fuch times their vote is equal to that of the
other ordinary members. The flevvard of the bailiwick, as clerk of the
confiftory, is likewife regifter. This court is held three times a year, and
as well as the former is kept at Segeberg. Under this bailiv^^ick are included
The King's Hiare in GieJcbenhageHy which is a fuburh of the town of
Segeberg. The churcli here, together with the fchool buildings and the
paftors houfes ftand on the bailiwick lands.
The Kirchjpielvogtey of Lcetzen or heetzhig.
The Kircbj'piehogtcy of Bornhovet. Near the parochial village of Bortibovet,
in this vogtey an engagement happened in 1 227 between IValdemar II.
King oi De?imark, and Count Adolpbm IV, to the diladvantage of the former.
^ Here alfo under the open air was wont in ancient times to be held the
aflemblies of the Holjlein nobility.
The Kircbfpiehogtey of Brajnjledt. The borough of Bramßedt derives
its name from the navigable water of Bram. It conlifts of about one
hundred and twenty houfes. \x\ an open place in the centre of it ftands a
Roland'^ pillar. In the year 1681 near this tov^n was difcovered a medicinal
fpring, the happy eftedts of which in feveral diftempers are manifeft,
and almoft inftantaneous. In the neighbourhood of this place happened an
adion between Count Gerbard tbe Great and Adolpbus Count of Scbaucnbiirg,
in which the latter was defeated, and taken prifoner, under a bridge,
where he had concealed himfelf. To thefe is to be added
The Kircbfpiehogtey of Kaltenkircben.
3. The bailiwick of Rendsburg-, fituated in HoJfteifi. The bailiwick or
court-houfe lies in the town of Rendsburg, at which alfo the Di?ig and
Recht, were wont to be held for every parifli by its refpedive jurats and
other qualified peribns. In the year 1750 it was previoufly determined by
the King, that inftead of that former feat of juftice, a. bailiwick-court
lliould be introduced here, refembling that which had juft been eftabliihed
at Segeberg, but whether this Innovation has adually taken place I am not
yet certainly informed. The bailiwick churches lie vv'ithin the provoftfliip of
Rendsburg, and of courfe are under its confiftory, but no country paftor fits
in it. The bailiwick itfelf confifts of fix Kircbjpiclvogteys or parochial
governments, which are,
The Kircbfpiehogtey of Raumorhf, in low German ftiled Rumobrt, by
which almoft the whole town and its dillridt are environed.
The Kircbfpiehogtey of Jevenjiedt, having its church in the village of
that name, but the village itfelf appertains to the parilL of Raumohrt.
The KJrcbfpiehogteys of Nurtmf, Hobenwejiedt and Scbenefcldt.
The

GERMANY. tcin.
408
[Holftci
The Kirchfpiehogtey of KeUifJghttfcfi, having its church in the markettown
of Kellinghujat, at which is a hridge over the Star. This place firft
obtained a charter in 1740. The manour of Sorlbußn is at prefent a
royal demefne, of which l^nron George William of Solcfitbal is to enjoy the
ufufruftuary pofTeffion during life.
Obf. I cannot any where more properly introduce the manour or bailiwick
o^Hanran, to which belongs the parifh of 7/iry I. committed this country
to the government of the Counts of Sfaile. Rtidolpbus the lafl: of thefe
counts, being murdered by the Ditimrßjers in 1144, the county of Stade
fell to Henry the Lioti, Duke of Saxony, who in i 148 revenged Riidolpbtis's
death and quelled the Dilmarjhcn. On this Prince's being put
under the ban, Hartuoig archbiOiop oi Bremen took pofTeflion of the county
of Stade, and the Emperor Frederick I. having in the year 1 1 80 given the
country of the F)itmarß:en to his archbifliopric, that prelate reduced them
to obedience. But they foon revolted again, and put themfelves under the
protedion of Waldemar billiop of Schlefkcig. It was not long however
before this fovereignty alfo fat uneafy on them, fo that fliaking off his yoke,
they fubmitted themfelves to the ecclefiaflical jurifdidtion of the archbifliopof
Bremen. The counts of Holflein frequently endeavoured to reduce the
Dilmarß:ers under their dominion, but were never able to effed: it, Cbriftian
I. King of Df«w^r,^ received Ditmarjcb from the Emperor Frederick III.
as a fief to be incorporated with the dutchy of Holßein, but the Ditmarjbcn
inftead of fubmitting to him, addrefled themfelves to Pope Sixtus IV.
who in 1476 ratified the Emperor Frederick's grant of their country to
the archbilhopric of Bremen, and accordingly they admitted a Stadtholder
from the archbilhop, but in effed continued a free people. In the year
I reo Jö/w King of Den7nark mzdQ zn unfuccefsful war on them, but at
length, namely in 1559 the Emperor F/WtvvV/i II. and the Dukes John and
• Adolphiis

Holftein.] GERMANY. 409
^clolphuixn^^c a decifive conqueft of them, and 101568 divided the country
into three equal parts. On the deceafe of Duke John in 1580, King
Frederick II. and Duke Adolphm made a partition of the faid Duke's lands,
which partition continues to this very day, the King of Denmark poffefllng
the fouthern part of the country confifting of feven hundred and
twelve pflugs and a half, and the Duke or great Prince the northern part
which is precifeiy of the fame extent.
Over South Ditmarjch the King appoints a governor and chief juftice.
The former of thefe is ufually the King's Stadtholder of Schlefwig and
Holßein. The chief juflice in conjunction with the parifli juü;icese>fecutes
the civil and criminal jurifdidion, but the protocol is kept by the recorder.
The country receiver levies and accounts for one part of the royal revenues
; the other being immediately paid into the exchequer by the province
itfelf by the hands of its
filcals, who give a receiptTor it to the parochial
colledors. Some expenditures are furnifhed to the King by the province
in general, and not levied in every particular parifli. The lower confiflory
of this province is held at Meld&rf, and in it prefide the chief-juftice
and provofl. The affeflbrs are alternately compofed of the compaftors of
Meldorf, and three country minifters, and the veftry-clerk of Meldorf is
fecretary. Of the Kirchfpielvogteys feme are in the Marjhland, others in
the champaign.
I. Thofe in the Marß:> are the following : inz.
I. and 2. The fouth and north vogXty oi Meldorf. The principal place here
is Meldorf z market-town, fituated on the Miele, and built before the conqued
of the country. This town had once a burghermafter corporation and
charter of its own. It is now the feat of the temporal and fpiritual court.
In 1500 and 1559 it was taken by florm. In 1538 one half of it was
deftroyed by fire. The parochial villages of Windbergen and Bufenivurth
belong to the fouth vogtey. Near Delfbriigge the Holßeiners in 1403
built the fort of Marienburg^ but on the defeat of King "John this fortification
was demolifhed by the Ditmarfchers, and named Schlafeivald.
3. Tht Kirchfpiehogtey of Wohrden, in the King's part, containing under it,
the market-town of Wohrden, otherwife called Oldejiivorden, which is of a
middling bignefs. The Friderichsgabe-Kogy here Is a large piece of land,
which was inclofed in 1704.
4. The Kirchjpiehogtey of Barlt.
5. The Kirchfpiehogtey of Marne. The parochial-village of this name
had formerly a convent called Marienche, which by contraction gave rife to
the appellation of Marne. St. Michael's Donnen is likewife a parochial village.
In this Kirchfpiehogtey lies the Sophien-Kog, which was inclofed in j 7 1
7.
7, The Kirchjpiehogtey of Brunsbuttel. The market-town of this name
ftands on the Elbe, over which it has a ferry.
7. The Kirchfpiehogtey of Eddelack.
Vol. VI. G g g
2. On

4io GERMANY. [Holftcin.
2. On the Gecß or champaign are the following Kirchfpiehogteys, viz.
1. The Kirchjpielvogtey oi Burg, at v/hich formerly on the Woherjau flood
the flrong caflle of Bocklenburg, which was rafcd in 1559.
2. The Kirchfpiehogtcy of tnulcrhadjiedt.
3. The Kirchjpielvogtey of Nordhadßedt, fituated In the King's part, but
Riefcwold forefl which is now greatly diminilhed, belongs jointly to the
King and great Prince.
4. The Kirchfpiehogtcy of Albersdorj.
5. The Kirchjpielvogtey o{ Hemmingjledt, containing fome marfh land. At
this place it was where in the year i 500 the Ditmarfchers gained the fignal
vidtory which is to well known.
2, The Holjlein Plön part in particular.
Duke Joachim Frederick dying in 1722 without male iffue, Frederick
Charles the prefentDuke oi Holjlein-FIon, aflifted by the King oi Denmark,
took poffeiTion of this country. This poffelTion was indeed oppofed by
Duke John Adolphus Ernejt Ferdinand, who refided at Rebtwifch, but he
likewife dying in 1729 without heirs, on this, in 173 1 Duke Frederick
Charles was further invefled by the Emperor with his part of the dutchy
of Holfiein. The Duke having no male heirs, and the Dukes of Augufte7ihiirg
and Glucksbwg renouncing their hereditary claims to the Plön territories.
King Frederick V. in 1756 entered into a convention of inheritance,
by which in cafe of his dying without heirs, his lands are to devolve
to the crown. This country hes in Wagria, and confifts of the five
following bailiwicks : namely
1. The bailiwick of Plön, containing
Plön, a town which is for the mofl: part environed by the great and
fmall-lake, and divided into the old and tieiü. The laft of thefe belongs
to the bailiwick, and in the former is the parilh church and a Latinfchool.
Without the Lnheck gate is a fuburb. The ducal palace here
which was rebuilt with greater regularity than before by Duke Joachim
Ern'ßy ftands high and commands a beautiful profpeö. Weftward of it,
but adjoining to the flable is a garden lately made, with a park at the end
of which is an hydraulic machine for the conveyance of the water to
the palace. On one fide of it is a fpacious kitchen garden, and in an
ifland farther up the lake is a delightful pleafure-garden. In 1236 Count
Adolphus iV. conferred on it the Lübeck right. Plön has been four times
entirely deftroyed by fire.
Ftgefafch, at which a toll is paid.
2. The bailiwick of Ahrensbock, comprehending under it
Ahrensbock, a market-town containing a feat, a park, and a farm of
the Sovereign's.
The parifhes of Gnijfaii, Glejchendorf, Kurau and Su[jiL
The manours of Grcmnberg, GniJJdu and Wulfsfelde, by virtue of a compaft

Hülllein.] GERMANY, 411
pad made in 16S1, between King Chrißian V. and "Johii Adolphus Duke
of Plön, are exempted from the ulual imports, and with refped to all their
rights are reckoned on a footing with the bailiwick of the Duke oi Phi,
They are annexed alfo to the bailiwick.
3. The bailiwick of Rheinfdd, in which is
The market-town of Rhcinjeld, fituated on a pleafant wood, and having
an old palace belonging to the Prince : with
The parochial-church of Zarpen.
4. The bailiwick of Travcudahl, including the noble feat of TravendahJ,
fituated in the village of Great-Gladenbruggey not far from Segeberg,
where the famous peace of 1700 was concluded. To this feat is to be
added the duke's part of Giefchejihagen at Segeberg, with the chalk-pits on
it, as alfo thofe on Hermmuble on the Trave, and feveral villages.
5. The bailiwick of Rehiivijch, in which is
Rekwifcb, a village and feat, lying on the other fide of the Drave, not
far from Oldeßoe. This place is properly a manour : with
The parilh of Wefenberg.
6. The manour of Stockfee, enjoying the fame privileges as the abovementioned
manours, and added to the bailiwick of Ahrensbock. The Duke
is further proprietor of the manours of Clevetz, Peemen and Schlammien.
II.
The preat Prince's part ot the dutchy oi Holßcin, being about half as
large as that of the King's, and bringing in the Duke a revenue of 200,000
rixdollars. This part contains
I, The following towns : vl^.
Kiel, in Latin Kiiia, or as fome will have it called Cbiloniti/n, the capital
of the great Prince's part of Holßein, fituated on a bay of the Baltick.
and having a convenient harbour. This place is well built, and contains
a palace of the Prince's, and the fta*--^ colleges mentioned in the introduction
are held here. Exclufive of the town church, here is alfo a
convent church, with that of the palace for the court, and a chapel at
St. 'Jurgem at the farther end of the fuburb. Kie/has a particular confifiorvof
its own, from whence an appeal lies to the upper confiftory. The univerfitv
here was founded in 1665 by Duke Chrißian Albert. The profperity of
this place is not a little promoted by the annual refort to it, which confifts of
the meetings of the nobility and perfons of wealth in Holßein and Schljk-ig,
for the transferring, placing out, and redemanding of their monies. This
pecuniary intercourfe lafls eight days, and at the fame time alfo is held a
confiderable fair, which is rung in on Twelfth day, and on the eve of
the Purification terminated by a fecond ringing of the fame bell. The
c5lavoe trium regum or the pny days as they are called, laft properly from
the feventh to the fourteenth, but are ufually held till the feventeenth of
fanuary or St. Anthonys day. Debt-bonds and mortgages are always dated
in oBavii trium regum, but fometimes on a certain day in or after them, with
G g g 2 3 aflurancc

412 GERMANY. [Holftcin.
affurancc of repayment In the oBavis trium regum of the enfuing year.
The town originally made ufc of the Schißerin law, but Count Adolphm III.
conferred its Lübeck rights, which in 1232 were confirmed to it by
his fon Adolphui IV. It was anciently one of the hanfe-towns, and the
ftaple likewife for all goods exported or imported from Denmark^ an advantage
which Count ^ohn III. procured it in 1321 from Chrijlopljer II.
King of Denmark.
Oldenburg or Altenburg, a fmall town, fituated in VTagria, but formerly
of greater account than at prefent. About the middle of the ttnth century
the Emperor Otho I. founded an archbiflioprick at this place, which by
Albert archbifhop of Hamburg was in 1108, without the confent of the
Emperor Henry III. fplit into three bilhoprics, ^7^. into thofe of Oldenburg,
Ratzeburg and Mecklenburg. The firft of thefe was by Duke Henry the
Lion tranflated to Lübeck, which tranflation was probably refolved upon
in 1158; but it was not till 1 164 that the prefent fee was confecrated. The
town was deftroyed by the Weiids about the year J 065, and again in 11 60,
fmce which the like calamity has befallen it feveral times. In 1235 Count
Adolphus IV. conferred on it Lübeck rights.
Neujladt, a fmall town, fituated in IVagria on the coafts of the Balticky
on which it has a deep and fpacious harbour. The caftlc here has of late
been ufed as a place of confinement for ftate prifoners. In the year 1 293 Count
John II. confirmed this town in the enjoyment of the Lübeck rights.
2. The following bailiwick and province : viz.
1. The bailiwick of Kiel, lying partly in Holßein, and partly in
Wagria, and enjoying a fertile foil. In it is the market-town of "Brwifwyck
or Braufijchweig, which forms as it were a fuburb to Kiel, with
almoft the whole of the parochial village of Schonkirchen, and eight other
villages, befides feveral houfes in two villages and a large farm. To it
have likewile been added the manours of Cronshagen and Warlebcrg.
2. The bailiwick of Bordejholm, fituated in Holßein, and confilling of
a delightful trad:, yielding plenty of timber and other wood. In tjjis bailiwick
are twenty-three villages, half of which are divided into the parifhes
of Bordejhotm, Brugge and Flintheck. To it likewife belongs the village of
S>achfenbund on the Wiljlcr and certain farms. Bordeßiolm, which is the feat
of the bailiwick flands on a delightful eminence, and was formerly a
monaflery, which was removed hither from Neumunßer, but in 1566 was
converted into a Gymnaßmn, which falling to decay, its revenues were appropriated
to the univerfity of Kiel. The parifh church belonging to it
is very handfome, and among many other curiofities has a chapel, in which
are depofited the remains of \yv\\Lt Charles Frederick. In the year 1622
a convention was made at this place between King Chriflian II. and
Duke Frederick.
3. The bailiwick of Nnmunßer^ the foil o£ which is moftly fandy
and

Holflein.] GERMANY. 413
and full of heath, but breeds good flieep. This bailiwick lies in Holßein
and contains under it one market-town with twenty villages and half, viz.
Neiimunßer here, is a market-town lying on the Schwale, and divided into
the greater and the IclTer. The former of thefe was anciently called Faldera,
and in it, Vicelin an Augufline Monk founded in 1 125 a convent for
monks and nuns of his order, which convent in 1328 or 1332 was removed
to Bordtßjolm. The latter bore the name oi Wippendorf or WorpendorJ\
and in it lies the parifli-church, to which are annexed feventeen
villages and a half in the bailiwick. On the fite of the convent is now
built a houfe of corredion. At Neunarkt is a manufadlure for cloth.
Great-AJpCi a parochial-village, to which two of the bailiwick villages
are annexed.
4. The bailiwick of Oldenburg, fituated in JVagria, and deriving its
name from the little town above-mentioned. This bailiwick contains under
it nine villages and four farms. The bailiwick vafläls are at prefent fobjeä
to villanage.
5. The bailiwick of Cijmar, alfo fituated in Wagria ; the vaffals of
which are in the fame ftate with thofe of the former. The bailiwickhoufe
here was anciently a Benedi^ine convent founded by Count AdolphusYV.
in 1237. Within the bailiwick are the market-towns of Grz^^?
and Grombs, formerly called Grobeititz, both which are parochial, together
with Le?ifaen a parochial-village, and Rojelait onct a manour, but now a
farm under the diredion of the bailiff.
6. The bailiwick of Trembsbuttel, lying in Stormar, and formerly only
a manour, which Luder Holße, with the confent of King Chrijlian I, and a
provifo of redemption alienated in 147410 John Ehike of Saxe-Laiiejibiirg.
In 1571 Adolphus Duke of Schlejivig and Holßein lent money on this bailiwick
by way of mortgage, and in 1649 in confideration of a further fum,
an abfolute cefiion of it was made to Frederick Duke of Holßein. In it is
the parochial-village of Barchteheide, with that of Trembsbuttel thirteen
other villages, and a manfion-houfe.
7. The bailiwick of Trittau, alfo lying in Stortnar. In this bailiwick
are the parochial-village of Trittau, containing the bailiwick-houfe, Eck or
Eichede, Bargßedt and old KaleJ/ledt, with upwards of twenty other villages.
8. The bailiwick of Reinbeck, likewiie lying in Stormar, Reinbeck houfe
which is the feat of the bailiwick, was a convent till the year 1^30.
Exclufive of the parochial-villages of Steinbeck and Sicck or Sicke^ thi&
bailiwick further contains twenty-three common villages, with fsveral
farms and mills.
9. The province of North-Ditmarßj. The affairs of this province are
under the diredtion of the Vorßehers of the country, as they are called, who
are the Tfennigmeißer or treafurer, with the Kirchfpiehogte or parifh-juftice,
cf whom there is generally one in each parilli, and the yoUmcchten or
pieni-

414 GERMANY, [Holftein.
plenipotentiaries, of whonri each parifli has two or three, and who arc
likewife ftiled provincial and parochial plenipotentiaries, in petty proceffcs
the Kirchfpielvogts have fomc power, but in matters of importance application
is to be made firft to the La?idvogt, who every Saturday hears the
parties and endeavours to adjuft their differences. From his fentence the
caufe may be carried before the whole court, which confifts of the Landrogt,
the recorder, and all the Kirchjpiehogts, and from thefe a further
appeal lies to the great Prince's chancery at Kiel, but the court is divided
into that of Lundeti and Heyde, being held at thofe two places. The
diftrid: belonging to each court contains its own particular villages. Each
likewife has its own recorder, who befides keeping the regifter levies the
Sovereign's revenues within his diftriä:. The under confiflory or Caland, as
it is here called, meets every year alternate'y at Lunden and Htyde,zn^ confifts
of the Landvcgt, the provoft and all the clergy. The regilteris kept in the
hands of the reccider. We now proceed to the Kirchjpiehogtey into
which this province is divided.
1. The Kircbfpielvogtey of Liindcn, contains under it
Lunden, a market-town, lying not far from the Eyder, and which after
obtaining a charter in 1529, lofl it again in 1559. This place is the fefiions
town for one hzlf oi North-Ditmarfch. To its church are annexed nine villages.
St. Annen, a parochial-village.
2. The Kirchjpiehogtey of Neuenkirchen, in which lie the parochialvillag-es
o^ Neuenkirchen and Heninie.
3. The Kirchfpiehogteys of Wcßingbuhren, containing
Wcßingbiihren, a pretty-market town, having a new parlfh-church, confccrated
in 1738, and which is the handfomeft in all the country.
Schidperfiei,
a port of great refort.
4. The Kirchjpiehogtey of Bufum, once an ifland, which has gradually
become joined to the continent.
5. The Kirchfpiehcgtey of Heyde. The town of this name, which
makes a very good appearance, contains a fpacious market-place, and is
iikcwife the fefiions-town for the other half of North- Ditmarfch.
6. The Kirchjpiehogtey of Weddingßedt. In it flood the Itrong caflic
of Btellcrburg.
7. The Kirchfpiehogtey oiTellingßedt, in which once flood Tielenburg caflle.
8. The Kirchfpiehcgtey of Dche, which has lolt a great deal of marshland
by inundations. The parochial-village of Dehe lies at no great diftance
from the Eyder.
9. The Kirchfpiehogtey of Henßedt, containing the parochial-villages
of Henjiedt and Sch/icbting.
io. The Kirchjpiehogtey of Worden, in the great Prince's department.
HI. The convents and manours held in common ; among which aie
I. The Lutheran convents for ladies of noble birth,
Theie

Holßein.]
GERMANY.
Theleare appropriated to the nobilityof //ö^'to/z and 6V/6/(y^7^, foreign ladies
being excluded from them, or if admitted it is done as a very peculiar favour
or by grant from the Sovereign, by virtue of \\\t jus primäriarum precwn,
which he enjoys in every convent. The foundation of Itzehoe is under the
diredtion of an abbefs, and thofe oiPreetz and Vcterfai under a priorefs.
the former is joined an orator, and to the latter provofts, who occafionally
To
41. I*
vifit the convent and fuperintend their accounts and privilef^es. All tliefc
with the inferior officers of the convents, are appointed by the free choice
of the conventualifts, and at prefent the former arc confirmed by the Sovereign.
With refpedl to the convent thernfclves,
I, The convent oi Itzehoe was once a Ciftercian nunnery fituated at
I-verifleth in the Krempcr Marjh, which nunnery in 1263 was' removed to
Borsflftb, and^ before the year 1272 to the Aljtadt in Itzehoe, and near
both to Pafcbburg, which is an ancient feat of the counts, ilill giving
name to the country, and St. Laurences church. This foundation confifts
of an abbefs and nineteen conventualifts. Its orator is the firrt of the
four prelates of the dutchies of Holjtein and Schleßvig. The conventualifts
live feparate in the town, either in houfes of their own or hired ones.
In procefles their firft application is made to the convent, though in cafes
relative to honour, injury or equity, and exceeding two hundred Lübeck
marks *, they appeal to the provincial-court. But in matters of fufpenfion,
difcipline or debts, not exceeding two hundred marks no appeal is
allowed. The firft hearing of civil caufes among the conventual vaflals
belongs partly to the abbefs and partly to the orator, whofe fentence is
valid, unlefs an appeal be immediately moved for, but even though this
be done, if the plantifFoppofes the appeal, it is not allowed. Tht Di?g
and Recht court is held by xhQ Dhigvogt, arbitrator and other members of
the court. In it
the arbitrator fuperintends, and the convent recorder keeps the
regifter. But from hence a further appeal lies to the provincial- court. In criminal
cafes the examination belongs to the inquifition, and the fifcal and
attorney carry on the trial before the penal court, which court either pro- "
nounces fentence, or which is moft ufually done, remits the ads. The convent
is poflefled of the advowfon of the church of St. Laurence at Itzehoe, and
likewife of thofe of Heiligenftedt and Norddorf. The following villages with
the jurifdidion over them, belong folely to the convent : as namely, Bockhorft,
Everftorf, Ebtijchenwijih, Langicedel, Meinerfiorf, Sude, Silßen,Ve~
chelßorf &nd. Wefiermuhlen, but in the following it is only poflefi"ed of a part :
viz. in Armftedt, Afpe, Altendcrf, Brockrege, Heerfarth, Beyderbeeck, Beyen^
fieth, Bunzen, Edendorf, Fitzbeck, Little-Flindbeck, Gronhede, Hodorf, Heii
Jledt, Heiligetftedt, Homfeld, Indien, Keilingbufen, Neuenkirchen, Norddorf,
Overndorf, Ottenbiittel, Poyenberg, Peifln, '~Sluaremfedt, Rehtwifch, Kade,
Kidders^ Schonmohr, Mohrdeich, Stordcrf, Wejtedt, and Wiedenbojtel. The.
* A Lübeck mark is one fhiliiug and fix-pence.
convent

6
41
GERMANY.
[Holftcln.
convent pays contribution to the Sovereigns for one hundred and fixtynine
pflugs.
2. The convent of Preetz, fituated in Jhlftein^ on the little river Bornhepk
between Kiel and Plön, and founded about the year 1216, by Albert
Count of Orlamunde, and in 1226 confirmed by Count Adolphm IV.
At prefent it confifts of forty perfons under the diredion of a priorefs and
Tiie fenior conventualifts have their refpedive houfes-free, whilft
provoft.
the others are obliged either to be at the charge of building or purchafing
of the heirs of the deceafed ladies, or of hiring apartments of the other
members. The conventual "buildings are feparated from the town of
Preetz by the above-mentioned little river, and the convent has its own
church and paflor. The proceffes among the valTals, in the priory-villages
as they are called, di Ratjcndorj\ Warnau, Bahrmifen and Ellerbeck, which
have been latelv purchafed by the convent, are firft brought before the
priorefs, though in other refpeds the provoft is inverted with the jurifdidion,
and in conjundion with the recorder of the convent, and fome civilians
forms the ordinary conventual court ofjudicature, but from this an appeal lies
to the provincial-court. The precind of the convent includes under it two
hundred andfixty-eight pflugs, which contribute to the Sovereigns, and contain
1. The Pro/^

Hol/lein.] GERMAN!. 417
Landjten^ with the conventual villages of Great BarkaUy IVaniau, Bahr-
7nij]cn and H^nni^fee, as likewife the eflate in Barkau, and at Havighorjt.
Ovcndorf is an eitate bequeathed to the patronage.
The village of T'aßorfy
land in
Gadelandt.
in the country of Neutiiunßer, with three hufs of
3. The convent of Ueterfen lies near the market-town oiVeterfen in the
lordfhip of Pinneberg^ having been founded in 1235 by Henry oi Bramjiedt^
and'by the Emperors MaximilianW. and Rcdolphus II. taken into the particular
proteilion of the Empire. This convent confifts of a priorefs and fifteen
ladies, with a provoH:. Such of its vaiTals as in their procelTcs will not
acquiefce in the verdidl of the provofl or priorefs appeal to the conventual
Di}!g and Recht , from whom a further appeal lies to the Goding, and
from thence again to the provincial-court of judicature. The convent is
affeflcd at twenty-eight pflugs and a half.
2. The manours and eftates belonging to noblemen.
Thefe are divided into four diftridls : viz.
I. In the diftridl of Itzehoe, are the following, namely,
1. The lordfhip of Breitenburg, which is an hereditary eftate of the
younger line of the ancient and celebrated family of Ranzau, who were
firfl raifed to the dignity of counts of the Empire. Detlev Count of
Ratizau in 1669 direäed that in cafe he or his defcendents fliould die
without male heirs this lordlhip, as well as the county of Rafizau, (liould
efcheat to the royal family of Denmark, and accordingly Count Chrißian
Detlev of Ranzau, being in 1721 fliot in a murderous manner, at the
inftigation of his brother William Adolphm, and the latter condemned for
it to perpetual imprifonment, -King Frederick IV. took pofTeflion both of
the county of Ranzau and the lordlhip of Brciteiiburg, the latter of which
is conferred on the only fifter of the above-rhentioned counts, named
Catharine Hedwiga, who was married to Jolm Frederick Count of Caßell-
Rudenhaufen, and her defendants, and thus it came to her daughter Frederica
Eleoncra confort to, Charles Frederick Gottlieb Count of Caßell-Remlingen
and her children. To it belongs
The feat of Breitenburg, fituated on the Star about a quarter of a German
mile from Itzehoe, which feat was greatly inlarged by Henry Ranzau,
It was once fortified, and in 1627 taken by the Imperialißs fword in hand;
The old caflle here is at prefent utterly fallen to ruin, but a new manfionhoufe
has fince been ereded near it.
Munßerdorf, a parochial-village. The Kaland o£ this place as it was
once called, now forms the prefent Munßerdorf confiflory, of which fome
account has been given under the bailiwick of Steinburg. It receives its
name indeed from this place, but is always held where the provoft refides.
The parochial villages of Breitenburg and Stellau.
Neuendorf, a manour and parochial-village fituated in the Marßh.
Vol. VI. H h h Groffen-

S
41
GERMAN T.
Groß'enbrode, a manour and parochial-village, lying in the Baltick.
Arjrade, a manour fitnated in the parifli of Bornbcvef.
The Pafchbiirs; at Itxehoe and Welling: together with
[Holßein.
Barenfleth, bcTonging to the Bloines, and including under it the parochial
village of Neuenkirchen.
3. Kntmmenteieh, appertaining to the Barons of Meitrern, and comprehending
under it the parochial-village of Krummcnteichy with Beckbof and
Becklmid, two fmall eftates.
4. Heilige}ij1edt, belonging to the Biotnes,zr\d containing a part of the parochial
village of Heiligenjiedt.
5. Beckmiind, appertaining to the family ol Brockdorf., and including under
it a part alfo of the parochial-village of Heiligenßedt.
6. Drage, which in conjunction with Wedeldorf, was conferred by King
Chrißian VI. on Frederick Erneß Marggrave of Brandenbiirg-Cidmbach and
Stadtholder of Holftein and Schlefwig, on which the old caftle here was
pulled down, and in 1745 a feat built in its ftead called Friderichjruhe. In
"
this place is a fmall chapel confecrated in 1751. Behind the garden alfo is a
park. To this eftate belongs the parochial village of Hohen Afpe.
7, Mcclbcck, belonging to the Schojnburgs.
8. Colmar, appertaining to a gentleman of the name of Hahn, and
including under it the parochial-village of Colmar, with Campc, which is a
large farm.
9. Seeßcnnuhe, which jointly with the parochial-village of Seeßer,
belongs to Count Kielma-nfegge,
10. Hafeldorf, appertaining to the Schildens.
I I. Hafelau, in part likewife belonging to the Schildens.
12. Bramßedt or the Stedingß:of, fituated in the market-town of Bramfiedt,
within the bailiwick of Segeberg, and belonging together with the
village of Hitzhufen, which is annexed to it, to a count of Stolberg.
13. Borftel, appertaining to one of the name of Biichwald, and comprehending
under it the parochial-viliage of Suljeld.
14. Jerbeck or Girisbeck, belonging to one of the name oi Alefeldt, with
a beautiful pleaiure garden near it, and including likewife the Stegen eftate.
15. Schulenbiirg, appertaining to th^ Fehlen,
lb. Bhtmendorf, the property of the Flrtjen.
1 7. HolzernkUnken, belonging to the Petau.
1 8. Caden, which was purchafed in 1
,
753 by Baner burghermafter ofAltana.
19. Wandsbeck, anciently called Wandsbiirg, fituated not far from Hamburg,
and purchafed by Chriftian VI. of one of the name of Alefeldt, but
conferred for life on the Marggrave Frederick Chriftian of Brandenburg-
Cuhnbach. The place of the fame name, exclufive of a parochial-church,
enjoys alfo fome valuable privileges, which have drawn thither great numbers
of artificers and 'jeivs.
20. Arensburg,

Holftein.] G E R M A N 7.
20. Aremhw'g, appertaining to a Count of Ranzau of the Roßorf line,
and including under it the parochial-village of Oldenhorn or Woldenhorn.
II. In the dlftrid of Kiel^ are the following eftates belonging to noblemen
:
viz.
1. Doherßorf, appertaining to the Blomes, and including under it the
villages of Dnckendorf and Lilienthol, with Wulfßorj farm.
419
2. Oppendorf, alfo containing a village, and which, together with Schonhorß,
was in 1755 by the proprietor Dctle-v Count oi' Ranzarj, declared to
be a perpetual y?«'« commi/Jum, fo that none of his heirs could have it in
their power to alienate any part thereof. Under this Fidci romw/ßu?;i is
likewife comprehended the eftate of Biirau, in the diftrid: of Oldenburg.
3. Schrevenborn, belonging to the Meviits family.
4. Raftorf, appertaining to a Count of Ranzau.
5. Haage??, fituated in the village of the like name, and annexed to
the convent of Preeiz. This eflate belongs to the Blomes, and comprehends
under it the villages of Schrevaidorf, Mugfahl and Reepßorf.
6. Oßerrade, appertaining to a Count of RcventJau.
7. Kronsburg, belonging to one of the name of Rumohr, and once a
farm of the following eftates.
8. Great-Nordjee, the property of a gentleman of the Bucfjwald hm'ily.
9. Littk-Nordßec, appertaining to an Alejcldt, and including under it the
village of Achterwehr.
10. Boßee, and
11. Wcßevfee, having its feat in a parochial-village of the like name,
belonging to the Rumohr family.
12. Neuenhof, appertaining to the Heejpens.
13. Schier enfie, belonging to the »S'rt/ö't'rj.
14. Marutendorf, appertaining to a Baron Alejeldf, and including under
it the village of Steinjorth.
15. ^arnbcck, belonging to the privy-counfellor ö'^i MraVrj, and comprehending
the village of Flemhude, in which is a parifli-church, together
with thofe of Rcijaßorf, Stampe, Meißorf, Schoneivold, and Meyerhorf w'ah
the farm of Metjen hof.
16. Ehnkendorf, alfo belonging to the privy-counfellor ö'fj Merciers.
\j. Lammerßiagen, the property of a Count of Baudijzin, and including
under it the villages oi Seelent on the lake ofthat name.
18. Salzau, appertaining to one of the name of Riefen.
ig. Wittenberg, belonging to one of the name of Reventlau.
III. In the diftridl of Preetz, are the following eftates appertaining to
nobles :
viz.
1. Afchberg, the property of a Count of Ranzau.
2. Depcnau, belonging to a Count of Cojel.
3.
Frefetibiirg, appertaining to one of the name of Buchwald-
H h h 2 4. Trahui,

420 GERMANY. [Uoldcm,
4. TrnJau^ belonging to one of the noble family of the Grotes.
5. Nutlchau, the property of a gentleman named Bromfen.
6. lVtihlßorj\ appertaining to one of the family of Plcß'cn.
7. Knhren, belonging to Tbienen.
8. Lehmkuhlen, appertaining to the family oi Ropßorf.
9. Bothkampy the property of the family of Alcfeld. This place is \n~
veiled with a part of the patronage of Barkau church, and likewife includes
under it, the villages of Sicke, Dofenbeck and Littk-Bockwold, on
the Langen Rege, together with the farm of Schonhagen, and the villages
of Bußorf, Hollenbeck and Schiphorß.
10. Gbßiu, belonging to Reventlau, and including under it the parochial-village
of
Sarau.
1 1. Perdohl, appertaining to the family of Alefeldt.
12. Seedorf, the property of one of the family of Hahn, and polTefTed
of the patronage of the
1 3 . Muggesfeld,
benefice of Schlamersdorf.
14. Nembt, belonging to a Baron of Lilienkron.
15. Wenßen, appertaining to one of the name of Brockdorf.
16. Robljlorf, alio belonging to one of the fame name, and includiog
under it the parochial village of Warder.
ij. Wittmoldt, appertaining to a TÄ7>w«.
18. Rixtorf, with T;vzw, the property of a Count of Baudifzin, and
poflelTed of the advowfon of the church of Lebrade.
19. Sckonwcide, belonging to Baron Xar^rcf/^. Near this place, by the
fide of a fmall lake, is faid to have flood Ranzau, the patrimonial-houfe
of the illuitrious family, which took name from it.
20. Ranzau, belonging to a Pleffcn. /:/f«r)' ivrt«2:öa Stadtholder of this
country under the King of Denmark, made great alterations in this feat
between the years 1590 and 1595, and even writ a book concerning it.
In 1649 Cbrißian Ranzau exchanged it for the bailivs/ick of Barmjiedt.
21. ProhnßorJ, appertaining to one of the family of Buchii;aldy and including
under it the parochial village of Prohnßorf.
IV. In the diftridt of Oldenburg, are the following manours, I'iz.
I. Burau, belonging to a Count of Ranzau: 'vide Oppetidorf, in the
diftrldt of Kiel.
2.'EhlerßorJ, belonging to the Levetzau.
3. Farve, appertaining to the county of Holficin, and including under
it the parochial village of Hohenßein.
4. Weißenbaujz, and
5. Futterkamp, belonging to Count Platen of Hallermiind ; under the
latter of thefe places is comprehended the parochial-village of Bleckendorj\
with Sehlendorf farm.
6. Kleetkamp, the property of a Count of Brockdorf y who is alfo poffefled

.
Holftein.] GERMANY. 421
fefled of the eftate of Grunhaiifz, together with the parochial-village of
Nuchel, included therein.
7. Neuhaiifz, belonging to one of the HahnSy and comprehending the
parochial-village of Gieckaii.
8. and 9. Scbmoiand Panker, both appertaining to the Count of He//e/?ßeii7.
10. Teßorf, the property of the Landgrave" of Heffe-Philifßhal.
1 1 Gulde?jßein, belonging to a Thienen^ and poffelTed of the patronage
of the church of Hanjuen.
J 2. Helmjlorf, appertaining to a gentleman named Biichivald.
13. Garz, the property of one of the houfe of Brockdorf,
14. Putlos belonging to Count Plate?! oi Hallermund. In a grove in thefe
parts the pagan Wendi ufed to worfliip their idol Prono or Proven.
15. HaJJelburg, appertaining to Count -uc;? der Natt, and which jointly with
J 6. Sierhagen and Muhlenkamp, belonging to a BrockendorJ\ is pofleffed
of the patronage of the church of Old-Krempe.
17. Brodau, the property of the Niemeiers.
18. and 19. Lobr/lorf and Siggen, belonging to a Count of i^^^Azz^-. The
former of thefe is poffelTed of a part in the parochial village oi Neukirchen.
20. Neuendorf, appertaining to the dutchefs dowager of Anbdt-Tjcrbß .
21. Peterfdorf, the property of one of the family of Lcjetzau.
Appendix concerning the Lordfhip of PINNEBERG
and the Town o^ ALTON A.
I. The lordfliip of Phvieberg.
The Schauenburg line of the Counts of Holßein, Stormar and Schaucnburg
were proprietors of the lordfhip of Pinneberg., lb early as the beginning
of the fourteenth century. But it was wholly feparated from the
county of Holßein, when on the deceafe of Count Adolphus X, the lafl of
the Wagria and Kiel line, the fons of Count Nicolas II, and his brother
Henry II, in conjundion with Count Otho I. and his brother and fons
became poffeffed both of the lordihip and county of Schauenburg. On this
occafion the Schauenburg line acquired of the inheritance of the deceafed
Count Adolphus, the Schauenburg houfe at Hamburg, with the ifland of
Billen, and all the iüands dependent thereon, as alio other lands, befides 8000
Lübeck marks, which were bequeathed them by Count Nicolas. In a compadl
concluded in 1640, betwixt Chrijlian I. and Otho II. count oi Schauenburg,
the lormer promifed both for himfelf and fucceffors, that the latter and
his defendants fliould be protected by them in the poffcflion of the lordfliip
of Pinncberg. After the Holßein lands came to be eredled into a dutchv,
this detached part was frequently called the county of Hofte'in. Otho \l.
Count of Schauenburg dying in 1640 without maleillue, Chriftian IV', King
of

4.2 2 GERMANY.
[Holftcin.
of Denmark took poffeffion of Pinneherg, and fhared it with Frederick III.
Duke of HoIJiein-Gottorp. Both too by the agreement of Fkmburg in 1641,
jointly paid to Elizabeth mother of the laft count of Schaumburg, the
fum of 145,000 rixdollars, in confideration of her claim to this lordfliip.
The whole inheritance and iordihip were divided into five parts, of which
the King previoufly feized upon one in confideration of his expences, and of
the remaining four he obtained alfo two, and the Duke the other two,
that is to uyBarmftedt and Elnießiorn ; but the latter inftead of receiving
both his (hares in the land and people, obtained only the bailiwick of
Bannftedt, contenting himfelf with a fum of money from his Majefty, in
lieu of the Scbauenburg houfe at Elmeßm-n, and the toll at Hamburg : the
Schaiicnburg prebends and vicarages in the chapter of the cathedral there,
remaining in common. Of the Schaue>jburg debts on the lordOiip, the
K'ng took on himfelf two thirds, and the Duke one third. In 1649
King Frederick III. gave orders that his part of the lordHiip of Pinneberg
fliould not be incorporated with the Holjtein government, but continue in
its independency, diflindl government and exemption from the imports
levied in Holßein. The whole of it is under a Draft or chief governor.
The procefles of the fubjeds here are firfl tried by the country-court,
which confifls of the Dingvogt or juflitiary, and eight jurats nominated by
the Draft, and is held twice a year in every vogtey. From hence an appeal
lies to the Coding, which is alfo held twice a year by a juftitiary, afilffcd
by twenty-fix jurats, who are fele6led out of all the vogteys. From this
court likewife, as well as from the fentences of the Droß and bailiff^,
caufes may be moved to the high-court of appeals at Pinneberg, which was
firft inftituted in 1649, under the appellation of an upper bailiwick-court.
It is held at Ghickjtadt by thofe members of the court of regency, in whofe
warrant it is fpecified, and the Drofl of the lordfi-iip of Pinneberg fits as
prefident, if this office be likewife exprefled in his commifiion. In 1754
it was further erected into a high criminal-court, and the Pinneberg JLandrajt
or diftrid-juflice referred to foreign lawyers. Even from this court in
certain cafes appeals to the aulic council, and the chamber at Wetzlar are
allowed, but inftances of fuch appeals are rare. The lordfliip has a particular
under- confifiory of its own, which is compofed of the Draft, the
provofts of the lordfliip of Pinneberg, and thofe of the town of Altana,
afiifted by the clergy of the lordfliip. The upper confiftory is connedted
with the high-court of^appeal. Ever fince the detachment of the lordfhip
from HoJfiein, it has conftantly enjoyed an immunity from the imperial
and circular taxes. In it is
1. and 2. The Haus and Waldva'gtey o\ Pinneberg, containing the markettown
of Pinneberg on the Pinnau, with the parochial villages of Relling
and Ruckeborn.
'. The vogtey of Ottenfen. The parochial-village of Otten/en is under
the

Holftein.] GERMANY. 423
the jurifdidion of the town of Altana. To the vogtey belong the following
illands in the ß/Zv, viz. Auf der Hofe, or Ka!tenhoJ\ to the weft of
wliich lie the Petite, Fcddcl, Grevenhof or Schrevenhof., with Griejejiiverdcr
and the Fagei if and.
4. The vogtey of Hatteshurg. The vogtey-houfe of this name was
once a caftle. Wedel here, is a market-town containing a parochial-church.
At this place alfo is a ferry crofs the Rlbe. On an ifland in the Elbe
üzud-i HitlerJ'chanze with a commandant, a fmall garrifon and a church.
The parochial-village of Nenenßadt. At the village of Blankenefe is a
ferry over the Flbe. The village of Dockenbuden is mentioned in Grotius'i
letters, who himfelf refided there in 1632.
5. The vogtey of TJeterfen, containing the market-town of UeterfeiJ, in
which lies the convent above defcribed.
6. The vogtey auf der Horfl, containing a parochial-church.
7. The lordfliip of Hertzhorn. In 1671 King Chrijlian V. made an
abfolute and perpetual fale of this lordfliip in conlideration of the funa of
153,480 rixdoUars to Ulrich Frederick Guldettkwe, Stadtholder oi Norway,
who, in 1697 again ceded it to the King, xh.Q Landerepien oi Wildnifz
excepted. Upon this it defcended to a gentietnan of the name of Brockdorf,
and then to Otho Blomen ; from whom it came to Queen Anna Sophiay
till at length King Chriftian VI. reaflumed it to himfelf. It is under the
adminiflration of the county of Ranzau. The vaflals here firft carry their
caufes before the Schöffengericht, which is compofed of the Landfchiilze or
juflitiary, and twenty-one Schöpfen, and from them may be immediately removed
to the high-court of appeals ziFinneberg. To it belong two vogteys,w>.
1. The vogtey of Herzhorn, which is feparated from the bailiwick of
Steinbiirg by the little river Rhan. In the village of Herzhorn is a parochial-church.
The Wildnifzlandereyn as they are called, without Gluckjladt,
lie between the Rhine and Herzhorn, and conlifl; of five hundred and
fourteen and a half morgens of land. Of this trad the Count of Danneßiold-haurwigen
is proprietor.
2. The Sommerland vogtey, confifting of Sommerland, Grönland, Lanimerland
and Driickermuhle. This vogtey is incorporated with Suderau in
the
Steinburg bailiwick.
2. The town of Altona.
Altona, is a large town fituated in a moft delightful country, on a high
fl:iore of the Elbe, and not above cannon Ihot diftance from Hamburg, h
belongs neither to the dutchy oi Holßein nor the lordfhip of Finneberg. In it
are about 3000 houfes, containing upwards of 30,000 inhabitants, with two
Lutheran chwucht^, and the like number for Cahinijh, namely one German,
and one Dutch church,
together with a fifth for the Cahinifl French, a fixth
for Roman catholics, and two Mejwnite churches, exciufive of other
feus, who are permitted the free exercife of their religion. The
fcws

4
424 GERMANY. [Hdfteln.
Jeios alfo who are very numerous here have a large fynagogue, but
pay the fum of 2000 ducats per annum as protedlion-money. The provoft of
this town and the lordOiip of Pinncberg, with the Lutheran town
preacher, and the paftor of Ottenfen, compofe the under confiftory, in
which the upper-prelident enjoys the chief-feat. The Cahinißs have a
particular confiftory of their own. Here is alfo a r^yal Gytmjajium, to
which the town fchool is united. On one fide of the houfe of corredion
and work-houfe lies the anatomical theatre, befides which here is an orphan
and poor-houfe, with a variety of manufadures and fabrics, and three
docks for the building of fliips. Its trade too is far from being inconfiderable.
The government of the town is vefted in an upper-prefident,
who is nominated by the King, the burghermafters and corporation. The
court of appeals for Altona is held at Gluckßädt, where it meets twice a
year immediately after that of Pinneberg, and confifts of the fame members,
who with the addition of the provoft of Altofia, further compofe the
upper-confiftory in that town. Among its ornaments is the mall, which
being planted with four rows of trees forms an agreeable walk. Altona
was originally a village incorporated with the church of Ottenfen, but when
in 1640 it came in conjunöion with the lordfliip of Pinneberg, under the
dominion of Denmark, it foon increafed to a town, and in 1664 obtained
a charter. In 1710 it loft two hundred houfes by a conflagration, and in
17 1 2 was brutally fet on fire by the Swedes. In 171
The parochial-village of Ottenfen was put under the jurifdiäion of
Altona, which, including the protedion-money paid by the Jews, brings in
to the crown a yearly revenue of about 27,000 rixdollars.
The Diocefe

Hildenieim.] GERMANY, 425
nating likewife on the county of Wernigerode. Tlie bailiwick of Hundejruck
lies fcparate from it amidfl parts of the principalities of Cnlenberg and
Grubcnhagen. Its grcatefl: extent from eaft to weft is about ten geographical
miles, and from north to fouth fomewhat above eight.
§. 3. The greateft part of this diocefe confifts of a good foil, which is
very fit for tillage, and yielding alio large quantities of flax and hops,
together Vv'ith garden ftufF, but of cattle, fuch as horfes, beeves, flieep and
hogs, it affords only a fufficiency. The fouth part is hilly, but for the
moft part covered with fine woods of oak, beech, alli, and birch, as containing
under it a confiderable part oi the Sollingerivahle foreft-, with the Sieben
Berge, the Sackwalde, the Heinberg, Sündern, Hildißoeim'walde, and the
Efchenberg, as alfo the Iße, the Vorderkoh, the Hamerwald, and the
Heimerivalde ; and fuch of the mountains as are bare contain valuable
quarries with iron ore, in confequence of which fome iron found aries
have been built here. In this part are alfo fome good fait works, but
thefe are not fufficient to fupply all the demands of the diocefe. The
Lei?ie traverfes the weftern part of it, and at Rzdjte is joined by the
Innerße, which comes from Claußhal in the foreft of Harz. The Fufe
rifes below the convent of Heinitigen, and runs into the principality of
Lüneburg. The Ocker which has its fource in the principality of Grubenhagen,
traverfes the eaftern part of the diocefe, and after receiving the Ecker,
enters the principality of JVolfe?ibuttel. But notwithftanding thefe rivers
fifli is fcarce here.
§. 4. In the diocefe are eight boroughs, with four market-towns and two
hundred and forty-eight villages, and in the nobiliary of 173 i, were reckoned
feventy-five manours, the proprietors of which are admitted into the
affemblies of the nobility, and qualified for the Diet. The States of the
country confift, i. Of the cathedral chapter. 2. Of the feven abbies,
namely thofe of the Holy-Ghoß, St, Maurice, St. Michael, St, Gothard,
St. Bartholofncw 2i\. Sulze, St. Andrew and St. John, and 3, Of the nobijitv.
4. Of the towns of Hildeß^eim, Pcina, Elze and jjlfeld. The Sovereign
alone convenes the Diets, though the chapter have frequently pretended
that their confent was necelTary. Thefe Diets are generally held in the
nobles-hall at Hildeßmm, and in the beginning of the new year. They
are opened by the BiOiop's chancellor, and a Secretary reads over his propofals,
on which each clafs return thanks to the perfon of its Syndic, with
an aflurance that the propofals fliall be taken into confideration and a
proper anfwer returned. After this the deputies of each clafs lay the propofals
before, and then a general refolution is formed.
§. 5. At the time of the Reformation the greateft part of the bidiopric
belonged to Brunfwick-Liineburg, who after taking it from Bifhop John,
when under the ban of the Empire, obtained the inveftiture of it. Thouwh
thefe Dukes were fo far from promoting the Reformation in thefe parts.
-
Vol. VI. I i i
that

426 GERMANY. [Hildcfheim.
ihat they obflrudled it to the utmoH: of their power ;
yet ahnofl: the whole
country loon made open profefllon of Lutheranifm. I'he leffer fee did the
like, and the Bifhops granted the vaflals freedom of reh'gion, but in the
beginning of the thirty years war,
the lefler
the Lutheran minifters were driven out of
biHiopric oi Hildcß:eim, and the Lz//i^^r

Hildefhelm.] GERMANY. 427
Zell line,
together with the bailivvickof Zz/^/Z^r on the Barenberg, afterwards
given to the Wolfenbuttel line, and the bailiwicks of Coldingen and Wcjierhofen,
which were incorporated with the principality of Calcnberg, thou'-h
they are all held as fiefs of the bidiopric of littdeßmm.
§. 8. The arms of this fee are party per pale ruby and pearl. In the
Diet the Biihop of Hildeß:eim fits among the fpiritual Princes between the
Bifliops of Augsburg and Paderborn, and in the Diet of Lcwer-Saxonj, fits
likewife and votes among the Princes. His matricular affeffment according
to the former appurtenances of the bifliopric v;as eighteen horfe, and
eighty foot or five hundred and thirty-fix fiorins, but of this the principality
of Caienbcrg pays fifty-three florins, and that oiWolfenbuttel ioMX florins, one
gr, fix pfennings. To the chamber at Wetzlar the fee pays feventy-two rixdollars,
thirty-eight kruitzers and three fourths, and for the lands vvrefled
from it, the fingle payment of the Eleßor is rated at two rixdoUars, twentyfive
kruitzers and a half.
§. 9. The cathedral chapter confifts of forty-two members, who eled:
the Bifliop, and on a vacancy of the fee take the reigns of government into
their own hands. The chapter is alfo the firfl; fi:ate of the diocefe, and is
pofleflTed of very confiderable revenues.
§. 10. Belonging to the fee of Hildeßmm are four hereditary offices of
State. In thefe the Schimchelds are hereditary marflials, the Veltkeims hereditary
cup-bearers, the Bockes of JViilffingen hereditary Drojis, and
hereditary trealbrers, and invefl:ed alfo with thofe pofls and the feveral
cftates annexed to them as
real male fiefs.
§. II. The Bilhops are generally abfent, and leave the govei'nment of
the country to the Stadtholder and privy-council. The adminiflration of
juftice is committed to the chancery of the regency, and the chief tribunal,
each of which is poflefied of a concurreiis jiiriJdiSiio, excepting that the
former alone takes cognisance of criminal cafes. From both thefe
colleges an appeal lies in the Aidic council, to like manner as to them
caufes are carried from the towns, the Prince's bailiwicks and the provoft
of the cathedral's court, as alfo from the chapter bailiwicks, and the courts
of the nobility. The fiefs are under the chancery of the regency.
The fpiritual jurifdiclion over the Roman catholics belongs to the Bifliop's
official ; as the Lutheran fdbjecls, by the peace of Weflphalia have alfo
their land conßßorium, which was further eftabliffied by the confifl:orial
conventions of 165 1 and 171 1. This confijlorium is compofed of two
ecclefiaftical and two lay counfellors, who mufl be Lutherans, and to thefe
are added a fecretary and clerk, who muft likewife be of the fame religion.
The chancellor of the regency, or in his abfence a flute counfellor, repreients
the Sovereign, and is poflefied of the firfl: feat and voice in it, but is not
to flyle himfelf a confifl:orial prefident. His vote likewife does not extend
to certain cafes, in which on account of the difference of religion, he
I i i 2 cannot

428 GERMANY. [Hildeflieim.
cannot adl as judge. The confiftoiy is ufually held but eight times a
year. Its jurildidtion purfuant to the above-mentioned conliftorial convention
includes the whole bifhopric, together with the bailiwicks of
Peina and Steuerivald belonging to the lefler bifhopric, though the latter
is difputed by the bailiwick-office. The town of Hildeßoeijn has a con-
own.
fiftory of its
§. 12. The epifcopal revenues here are under the diredtion of the treafury,
and arife from the demefnes and regalia., exclufive of the fums annually
granted by the Diet. Here is alfo a tax-office for the country, into which
are paid the contributions, with the land,meafure, (lieep and village taxes, &:c.
§. 13. The whole military force of this fee confifts of one company of
foot, as a garrifon to the town of Pehia and a it\N troopers.
§. 14. The diocefe contains the following parts: 'üiz,
I. The town of Hildeßeim,
Hildeßeitn, in Laiiti Hildefiay and by fome called BennopcHs, though more
anciently Hildeiießeim, is the capital of the diocefe and ftands on a rugged
declivity near the Innerße. It is pretty large but old fafhioned and irregular,
and confifts of the old and new town, which in 1583 were united;
as ahb of the liberty, under the jurifdidtion of the cathedral chapter. The
magiflracy together with the greateft part of the burghers are Lutherans,
but the reft Roman catholics. The cathedral belonging to the latter, befides
its fine paintings is richly ornamented, and among its antiquities is
the idol Irmenjul, which ftands fronting the grand choir. Over the crolsway
is the nobility's hall, which is finely painted in frefco and the
place where the Diet is opened, together with the chapter room, the
treafury and a library. Near the cathedral ftands the chancery, which
was once the refidence of the Bifhop, but at prtfent of the Stadtholder.
The cathedral yard, where feveral of the canons have their dwellings, is
planted with rows of trees. On the fame place alfo ftands the Jefuits college,
which exclufive of other ornaments, is remarkable for its fine hall.
The Gymuafitijn belonging to it confifts of nine clalTes. Hcly-croß abbey is alfo a
ftately edifice, having a fplendid church. St. Michael and St. Gothard are
both convents of BenediSine Monks. At Hildeßeim alfo is a Cartbußan
monaftery, with another for capuchins and two nunneries. The collegiate
church of St. John was taken down in 1547, and the canons of it at
prefent are incorporated with the cathedral. The Lutherans are poffefled
of eight parochial churches, of which the principal is that of St. Andrew in
the Old-toivn, where likewife refides the town fuperintendent, and in which
part alfo lies the Gymnaßum Andreanwn, being a large elegant ftrudture
eredted by Peter Timpe, and contain a good library which v/as confiderably
increafed by a legacy, of Dr. Gerhke. This church was once collegiate, but
in 1542, on its being ceded to the Lutherans, the deans and canons were
removed to the Liberty, where they ftill refide and hold their meetings
L
every

HildeOieim.] GERMANY. 429
every year, but never enter the choir. Tlie Latiti fchool of St. Lambert
has only four maflers belonging to it. The Jews likewife have their fynagogue.
Though in 1583 the Neiißadt was united to the town oi Hilde-
Jheim, now called the Altjiadt, yet each retains its own council, which is
chofen by the burghery at the beginning of every year, and confiftb of
two orders. The Samirath or joint council, which fuperintends affairs
relating to the two towns, is compofed of the magiftrates of both.
Each of thefe magiftracies is poffeffed of the civil and criminal jurifdidion.
From the corporation of Aljiadt appeals lie either to the regencies Kanzley
or the Hojgericht-, and from that oith^Neufladt, firft to the cathedral, and
then to the epifcopal court. The town of Hildeßdeim has alio its own
confiftory, in which the Syndic of the two towns preiides. The afleffors
here are the fuperintendent affjfted by two of the Alßadt minlfters, one of
the Neußadt, the two fenior Aßadt counfellors, and the fenior counfellor
oi the Neißadt. The regifter is kept by the town-clerk of the Aßadf.
Hiideß.vhfi was the capital of Hcfiry the Lio?i, and the eledtoral houfe of
Brwißwick-Limehurg has ftill the hereditary patronage of it, and keeps a
company of foot here, but thefe are maintained by the corporation. The
town acknowledges the BiOiop for its Sovereign, but does no homage to
him, whereas the Neu/ladt does homage to the provoft of the cathedral.
In the taxes to the Empire and Circle the town pays one third of the
third part of the fum raifed by the whole diocefe. The magiftracy impofes
and colle6fs the duties, and applies them likewife to the public ufes, makes
edidts and ilTues ordinances, &c. It was anciently one of the anjcatic towns.
The calamities it fufFered by war in 1632 and 1634, in both which years
it was feverely befieged and taken, have been of irreparable prejudice to it.
At a fmall diflance from Hilde^mm eaflward lies the Augußine abbey of
St. Bartholomew of Sidze (fo called from a falt-fpring formerly there) and
on a hill to the weftward (lands the rich abbey of St. Maurice. On the
fide of this mountain once ftood a caflle called Be?2nebiirg, and at the foot
of it Dammßecken, both which were demoliflied in 1339 by the burghers
of Hildeß.'cim.
\l Of the lefTer diocefe, in which is
I. Peina, a town, fituated in a marfliy country on the Fufe, and formerly
reckoned among the fortrefles. The gieateft part of the inhabitants
here s.xt Lutherans. The patronage of the Lutheran town and parochial
church is lodged in the Biihop. Its garrilbn confifts of one company of
foot, who are in the Bifliop's pay. In a corner of the town ftands the
epifcopal palace, with a Capuchin convent, and near them is a fuburb called
the Da?nm, which is chiefiy inhabited by Ihopkeepeis and ^jews. The town
enjoys both the high and low jurifdidion, and has a feat alfb in the Diet.
What is written of an ancient county ofPei/ia, and of counts bearing the title
of. it, proceeded from a mifapprehenfion of the lenfe of the word Comecia.
Biirchoid^

430 GERMANY, [HiMeflieim.
Burchard o^ Wolfenbidtel and his fons, in an inftrument of 1258, acknow»
ledged to have received one half of the town of Feina^ together with th«
Cothtfia or l*he jtfrifdiöion th'ereof, as a fief from the ßifliöp tfnd church of
Hilde/heim. The church family of Wolfenbidtel for fome time fliled themfelve's
from this town. The Advocatus ö't' Pt'7«

Hildefheim.] GERMANY.
431
the 5f/;w/c/^t'/rf' family, but was wrefted from them in the war of the fifteenth
century by the Dukes of Brimfwick and Limcburg, and fold to the Obcr'rs
who are its prefent proprietors.
3. Oberg, a manour and parochial-village from which the family ofthat
name, were firfl: called.
4. GadeJifledt, a large parochial-village having three manours, and both
belonging and giving name to the Gadenfledts.
5. Great-life or Ilj'ede^ a manour and village appertaining to the Gadevßedtsi
6. Equord, a manour and parochial-village the property of the Barons
of Hammerjiein.
7. Oedelem or Oehlen, a manour in a village of the fame name, belonging
to the König family, but the living of which is in the gifts of the abbey of
Lockiim in the principality of Calenberg.
8. Netlinge?!, a manour and parochial-village of the SaldcrSy but atT
prefent mortgaged to the Woberfnau family.
9. Kcmtne, a manour and parochial-village belonging to the Cramtns.
10. IVendhaufen, a manour and parochial- village, which are the property
of the Weyhem,
11. Rautenberg^ a manour of Baron Frenz, fituated in the village of
the like name, the patronage znd judicium cenjiticum of which is vefted in
the abbey of Ganderß:eim.
12. Ding-Ehe, anciently called Elvede, a manour and village belonging
to the Veltheims, as being annexed to their hereditary pofl of cuo-bearer.
13. The Kaiitenherg, eftates appertaining to the Barons Frenz.
III. Of the larger diocefe, in which are
1. The following Diet towns : namely
\. Alfeld, a town, fituated on the Leine, which after running through
the town, receives into it the Warjie. To the benefice of the town church,
the advowfon of which belongs to the Eled or of Srz^;?/'K;zV/^ by virtue of the
convent of Marienrode, is ufually added a fuperintendency, and the dignity
of a confiftorial counfe'lor, and the fiiperintendent thereof bears likewife
the title of general fuperintendent. The magiftracy are poffeffed both of the
lower and upper jurifdidtion. In the church-yard without the Hölzer p-ate
the council and lords of Steitiberg annually hold a provincial court, as alfo
another under the lime trees without the Lei?ie sate. From this
to"
town
originated the noble family of A'jeld, which ftiil fiourifhes in Holftein.
2. Elze, anciently called Aulica, a fmall town, fituated on the ^aale,
which at a fmall dirtance from hence joins the Leine. This town is poffeflcd
both of the high and low jurifdidion. T\\& Boches of Widffingen
have a manour here qualifying for the Diet, and within the precintit of this
E/z^has frequently fuifered by fire,
manour enjoy alfo the low jurifdiction.
particularly of late 1692, 1706, 1708, 1734 and 1743. The Emperor
Charles the Great had a palace here, and in 1706 made it his head-quarters.
3. Bokcnemy
IS

432 GERMANY. [Hilde/heim.
3. Bohnern, a fmall town, the magiftracy of which is poßeflcd of the
upper and lower juril'didion. The benefice here belongs to the Eledoroi"
Brimjmck, it having been ceded to him by the convent, and to it is generally
annexed a fuperintendency, with the dignity of confiftorial counfellor, the
fuperintcndent of which is ftyled a general fuperintendent. The Cramrrn
are poflefled at this
place of a manour admitting to the Diet.
2. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Sovereign : 'viz.
1. The bailiwick of Ruhte, fituated on the Leim and Innerße. In this
bailiwick
Ruhte,
is
a beautiful feat lying at the conftux of the Innerße and Leine, and
ferving for the baiiiwick-houfe.
Sar/kdt, a fmall town, feated on the Innerße, and in which Earon
Weichs is poflefled of a manour qualifying to the Diet.
2. The bailiwick of Poppenburg, fituated on the Leitie, and formerly
a lordfliip, which by Bifliop Otho was annexed to the diocefe. The bailiwlck-houie
of this name fliands on the Leine. In this difl:ri6l alfo lie the
parochial- villages o^ Burg znd Nord-Stemmeu, together with that of H^vrfen,
at the lafl: of which is a falt-fpring belonging to the Brabes, as alfo
the village of Mehle, having a Prußan poft-fl:age, and near it likewife is a
hill containing coal mines.
3. The bailiwick of Gronau, comprehending under it
Gronau, a fmall town, fituated on the Leine, and containing a Dominican
convent, with five manours qualifying for the Diet, of which two belong
to the Bockes of Wulßngen, one to the Ben7iigjens, one to the Engelbrechts,
and a fifth to the Campens : together with
Ebcrholtenßn, a parochial-village.
4. The bailiwick of Winzenburg, fituated on the Leine, and being the
largeft in the whole bifliopric. This bailiwick is full of hills, of which
thole called the Siebenberge are the principal. It yields good hops, but the
principal advantages of the inhabitants are derived from their woods. That
Winzenburg was anciently a county has not been proved, but it is certain
that the wealthy Count Hermann the Younger, whole great grandfather was
a Bavarian Prince, refided in the now ruined mountain caftle of Winzenburg,
which gave name to the bailiwick. In 1 1
5 1 this count and his
fpoufe were both murdered, and leaving no heirs behind them, the caflile
fell to the bifliopric as a vacant fief The mofl: remarkable places in it are,
Lamßpringe, a market-town, fituated on the Lamme, which has it fource
in the garden of the Englijh Benedidline feminary here, lis abbot is
pofl^efl^ed of the lower jurifdidion in the town, and is likewife patron of
the Lutheran church.
Freden houfe an epifcopal farm lying on the Leine, above which formerly
flood the flrong mountain cafl:le of Freyden, together with
Schle,
a parochial-village.
S- The

Hildeflieim.J G E R M A N 7.
5. The bailiwick of BiLkrlah, (o called from Bildcrlab the bailiwickhoufe,
above which on Hcver hill fonncrly flood IVoldenfiein caftle,
which was rafed in 1522 by the Duke of Brunfwick. This bailiwick
belonged to a line of the Counts of H^oldenberg. Dahliim or Dalem z
village in it, is an ancient place, and Great-Ruhden contains a falt-work,
6. The bailiwick of JVoldenbcrg, fituated on the In/ierjlc, and anciently
belonging to the counts of JVoldenbcrg. Tiiis bailiwick was united to the
diocele by Bifliop Otho the laft count o^ that houfe, and in it lies
The old feat and bailiwick-houfe of IVoldenberg, which is lituated on a
lofty eminence : together with
Derenbwg, a convent of Cißercian monks.
7. The bailiwick of Liebeiiburg, which lies on the hmerße. and is of
coniiderable extent. The moft remarkable places in this bailiwick are
Lii'benburg, ^oxmtxly csWcd Levcnborch, a new feat Handing in a pitafaiit
country,
and anciently ferving for a caftle.
Saizliebenhall, a market-town, containing a pretty good falt-work, and
belonging to the houfe of Brimjwick-hiineburg.
"yerjiedty a parochial-village, which is the leat of the fuperintendent.
Ringelheim, alfo called Ringelen, and Ringeln, a convent of BenediSiine
Monks, with a village annexed to it, fituated on the Inncrße. This con-'
vent was originally a nunnery founded about the years 919 or 921.
Grauhof or S. Georg Kloßer, and Richenberg all convents of regular
Augujlines, fituated near Gofzlar : together with
Heilungen and Dorßedt, two nunneries, having villages annexed to them.
8. The bailiwick of SchUiden, lying on the Ocker. This bailiwick formerly
belonged to the counts of Schladen, on the failure of whom, Bilhop
Hejiry III. in 1345 annexed it to the fee. The old caftle of Schladen
43'3
flood near Ohlendorf, but the prefent village of Schladen, in which alfo is
the bailiwick-houfe, lies on a little river, which below it runs into the Ocker.
To the parochial-village of Burgtorf belongs the Feldmark or territory of
IVarle, a ruined village, where according to the convincing proofs
adduced in the eleventh and twentieth piece of the Hanoverian memoirs of
literature of ij$i, ftood Werla, a palatine town of the Emperors, in which
refided the Kings and Emperors Henry I, Otho I, II, and III, together
with Henry II. and Conrad I. Aifemblies of the Empire have alfo been
convened here, and in this place likewife refided the Dukes of Saxony of
the Billwig houfe, and the Saxon Princes and States ufed to hold their
confultations here, for the eledion of a King. Burgtorf ^r:ohd.b\y bears the
name of this burgh, which is now no longer in being. In 1086 after its
demolition, the Emperor Hetjry IV. conferred it, together with Gitter and
Immenrode two villages annexed to it, on the fee of Hilde/hei??!. The
lords of Burgtorf held a part of the lands belonging to the- palatine of
Werla, as a fief of the Empire. In this trad is
Vol. VI. K k k Ofum,

434 O E R M A N T, [Hikkflidm.
Orum, anoicmly called O/vZ/d'/;;, a parochial-village fituated on the Ocker.
9. The bailiwick of Vienenburg, alfo lying on the Ocker. The only
villages belonging to this bailiwick are Viencnburg, and Locbtum in each of
which the König ianiily are podeßcd of an eitate qualifying for the Diet,
and even the bailiwick itfelf is mortgaged to them.
10. The bailiwick of Hundefruck, which is feparated from the others
and environed by certain dillridts of the principalities of Calenberg and
Grubcnhagen. It forms a part alio of the county of the now extindl counts
of Daffel, who from its fituation, in the rauh or rugged foreft of Sollinger
were alfo Itiled Raicgrajhi. The county itfelf belongs to the dutchy on
the Wefer, and thus in conjunftion with the inheritance of Nordheim,
cfcheated to the Welpho family ; but the counts, efpecially on Henry the
ljion% being put under the ban, endeavoured to free themfelves from
menial tenure. Count liimon of Daffel, the laft of his family, in the beginning
of the fourteenth century fold Sigfrid Biihop of Hildeßjeim
the laft remains of his patrimony, that is to fay Hundefruck feat and the
the town of Daßel ; and in 13x0 this purchafe was confirmed by the
Emperor Henry VII. The moli remarkable places here are
Hundejruck, or the Dogsback, the bailiwick-houfe, fcated on a high rock,
and not far alfo from it ftood the caftle of the lame name.
Daßel, a fmall town, feated in a deep vale on the Spoling, which near
it difcharges itfelf into the lime. At this place are two manours qualifying
for the Diet, one of which belongs to the Raufchenplats, and the other to
the Hacks.
Mark Oldendorf, a market-town, feparated by the lime from the village
of Oldendorf. The parochial- church for both thefe places ftands in the
latter, but tlie former has alfo a chapel. The benefice and deanery here
are in the gift of the Elector of Brunfwick, as provofl: of St. Alexander %
abbey at Einbeck.
3. The following bailiwicks belonging to the cathedral chapter : mz.
1. The bailiwick of Steinbruck, fituated on the Fufe, and containing the
bailiwick-houfe of the fame name. In the year 1388 Bifliop Gerhard,
eredted a feat at this place. Hohen -Eggelfen is a large parochial-village with
two churches in it, and Great-Himßedt another parochial-village here, is
the feat of a fuperintendency.
2. The bailiwick oi Wiedelah, lying on the Ocker and Ecker. Wiedelah
the bailiwick-houfe fronts the former of thefe ffreams. In this bailiwick
lies Woltingerode, a Cißercian nunnery founded out of an old feat of the
counts of
IVoldenberg.
4. The following eflates and jurifdidions : namely
1. Gleidingen, fituated in the parochial-village of that name, and belonging
to the Redens.
2. Bledelem, lying in the parochial-village of the fame name, and appertaining
to the Bulows. 3» Bolzum^

Hildeflieim.] GERMANY. 435
3. Bolznm, havinp; its feat in the parochial-village of that name, and
belonging to Baron Frenz.
4. Lobke, the property of the Mdternkhts.
5. Reden, two eftates fituated in the parochial-village of the fame name,
and belonging to the Redens.
6. Bn/gger., vi'ith a parochial-village on the Leine, appertaining to the
Sleinhergs, who are poifefTed of a moit beautiful feat at this place.
7. fVifpenßeiny alfo containing a parochial-village, and belonging to the
Steinbe7-gs, who are like wile proprietors of Horfiim another parochialvillage
here.
8. Salz Detfiirt, a market-town and manlion of the Steinberg family,
having good falt-works.
9.iyrtr/^^;7//6'«, alfobelongingto the^/m^^^r^^, and including under \KNefze.
10. JVrisberghohe?ifen or Wrisbergkolzen, having its feat in the parochialvillage
of the fame name, and belonging to Baron Wrisberg, who has a
fine villa at this place.
11. Wejlelm-, alfo belonging to Baron Wrisberg.
12. SeHenßedt, having its feat in the parochial-village of that name,
likewife
the property of the above Baron.
13. Dotzian, appertaining to the Bennigfen family.
14. Ahnftedt, having a parochial-village belonging to the Rhodens,
15. Wehrßedt, containing a parochial-village, which is the property of
the Staplers.
16. Sack-, having a parochial-village belonging to the baronnefs o^ Kiepen.
17. Meimerhaujen, containing a parochial-village, which is the property
of the K.ü7iig family.
18. Armenful, having its feat in the village of that name, and belonging
to the Wrisbergs.
19. Great Heerde, having its feat in the parochial-village of the like
name, appertaining to the Storrens.
20. Hennekenrode, fituated in the village of that name, and being the
property of the Bnchholz family.
21. Walmoden, which, together with the two eftates ofHei/ide and Honrode^
the villages of Old and New-Walmoden, Heinde, Lißringen and Honrcdi
belongs to the Walmodens.
22. Lechjledt, containing a parochial-village, and
feat
23. Binder^ alfo having a parochial-village; both belonging to the Staplers.
24. Soder, appertaining to the Brabeck family, which has a mofl; elegant
at this place.
25. Steinlah, fituated in the parochial-village of that name, and belonging
to the Haiifz.
26. Knießedt, three eftates lying in the village of the like name, and
appertaining to the Knießedt family. The hill at the foot of which the
village lies yields fine ifing-glafs.
K k k 2 27. Flacbs-

436 GERMANY. [Saxe-Lauenburg.
27. Vlachs'Stockheim, containing a parochial- village, and belonging to
the SclnvichelJs. This place is alio noted for the goodnefs of its flax.
2-8. Eaß-Lutter, belonging to the Schwichdds.
29. The commandery o'i Weddingen or Weddie, which is annexed to the
^axon grand-mafteiHiip of the Teutonick order. This commandery was
originally founded at Gofzlar in 1227, but on the acquifition of a conliderable
traä: of land about Wcddingcn in 1297, 1298, and the following years,
was removed to this place. Its church is annexed to the parochialchurch
of Beuchte, of which the commander enjoys the patronage.
30. Wehra or Werder, belonging to the Stembergs.
31. Hcppenfen, appertaining to the Daffeh. This manour lies in the
parochial-village of that name, which forms a part of the Erichsburg in
the principality
of Calenberg.
32. Friderichßjaufen, lituated in the bailiwick of Hiindejruck, and belonging
to the Garm[]en family.
33. Garm/fen, lying in the bailiwick of Steitibruck, and alfo belonging
to the GarinJJem, who enjoy the gift of the living alternately with the
parifliioners.
34. Ahrbergen, appertaining to the Schilleren family.
35. Olber, the property of the Gramms: together with
36. The mvinours of Banteln, Bodenburg, Brunkenfen, Esbeck, Limmer,
Nienhagen and RoJ'ziftg, having all their appurtenr.nces in this country, on
account whereof they are reckoned among its nobility, though they
themfelves lie in the principalities of Calenberg and Woljenbuttel.
The Dutchy of Sax e-L a u e n b u r g.
§. I. ^r>F the dutchy of Lauenburg, the younger Hcmann publifhed a
^^ map in 1729, which is in many points juil, but its errors and
imperfedions amount to a greater number, and the bailiwick oi Steinhorß
in particular is omitted in it.
§. 2. This dutchy is environed by that o( Holßein, the diocefe oi Lübeck,
the territory of the citv thereof, the principality oi Ratzebiirg, the dutchies
of Mecklenburg and Lüneburg, and the Vier-Landen or four countries,
are called, and belongs jointly to the cities of Hamburg and Lübeck.
as they
§. 3. The hot of the country is for the moft part level, and the foil
according to its different goodnefs divided into wheat-land, barley-land,
fand-land and heath. In general it requires much labour tJ yield five or fx
fold. It produces however large quantities of flax. Greit advantages alio
are made of its woods, and the maftageof the oak and beech here, in good
feafons turns to a confiderable account. It affords alfo turf.
Grafery ßouriflies
here

Saxe-Lauenburg.] G E R M A N T.
43^
here fo well that the HolLvidefye??, as they are called, obtain in moft noblemen's
in like manner eftates as in Holßcin and Mecklenburg. The Hollander or
cattle farmer pays five or fix rixdoliars/)^r annum for each cow. A confiderable
trad of the dutchy lies on the TLlbe. The Bille ionwh the limits between this
country and Holßcin, and near Hamburg joins the Elbe. The Stcckcnit-z.
unites the Elbe and Trave, and by means of fluices has been rendered
navigable. This river is properly called Stecknltz only from Mollen to
Lübeck, and on the other hand from Mollen 'to Laiienburg, the Dehenau^
which is formed by the jundion of the rivulets of Steinau and Linau.
The IVackenitz ifiues out of Ratzcburg lake, being alfo navigable, and at
Lübeck enters the T'rave. The largeft lakes here, are thofe of Ratzeburg
and Schall, of which fitter the northern point belongs to the principality of
Ratzeburg, and the fouthern to the dutchy of the Schwerin. Both the
lakes and rivers
here abound in variety of fidi.
§. 4. In the whole dutchy are three borouhgs, one market-town, and about
36,000 fouls. The States here are compofed of the nobilty and towns.
The manours are twenty-feven in number, but of thefe four not being
admitted in the union of the country, enjoy no feat nor voice in the Diets,
whild the other tvv-enty-three, which belong to thirteen noble families,
are/poffeiTed of twenty-five votes in the Diet, two of them qualifying
each to two votes. Tht folemn Diets are held at Buchen, and the particular
meetings at Ratzeburg, in a chamber of the regency-ofHce. The pofl
of Landmarfchall is enjoyed by the Buloivs, by virtue of Gudoio fief,
to which it is annexed. The Landmarfchall is at the fame time firfl: provincial
counfellor in conjundion with three others, but for feveral years pail
two of thefe places have continued vacant. The nobility and commons
have their diftind Syndic. The privileges of both are derived from the
Lauetiburg ad of 1702, which their Majeflies King George I. and II, have
been gracioufly pleafed to confirm in all its feveral articles.
§. 5. The whole country profefles itfeif of the Proteflant religion, as
taught by Luther. In general here are thirty-five pariHi churches, and
Kirchfpiele vorhanden, z?> they are called, which are under the infpedion of a
fuperuitendent, appointed by the Sovereign. The general vifitations of the
churches, which however i'eldom happen, are performed in parifiies belonging
to the Sovereign, by a member of the regency, (who is nominated by him,
and ads as prefident,) by the fuperintendent, by a nobleman, (the laft of
whom is at the fame time a'.fo a member of the confiftory) and by the
officer of the bailiwick, in which the church lie:
but in parifhes belonging to
the nobility by the patron, and in the towns by a deputy from each. In
particular vifitations, which, for fome years pafl, have taken place of the
former, only the fuperintendent is employed in conjundion with the
magiftracy of each hamlet, and fuch vifitations are annual in every parifii. No
place of any note here is deffituteof aLö//Vz-fchool for theinftrudion of youth.
§. 6. Manu-

43 S GERMANY.
[Saxe-Lauenburg.
§. 6. Manufadures and fabrics are but little known here. The exports
of the country, cccording to the eftimate of a friend well verfed in thefe
matters, amount yearly to about one thoafand lads of rye, and two
hundred tons of butter, reckoning each ton at two hundred and twentyfour
pounds, four hundred and fifty hundred weight of cheefe, feven
thoufand ftone (or feventy thoufand pounds weight of wooll;) timber and
wood for fuel to the amount of twenty-thoufand rixdoUars, and fome
hundred dollars worth of fiQ-).
§. 7. This country was anciently a part ot Slavia tranfalbhm, and its inhabitant?,
who were a tribe of the wclfern Slan:! or Wendi, as confining on
the Elbe, were named Polaben. Henry the Lio7i, Duke of Saxony and
Bavaria, fubdued thefe Polabers, and held their country as his abfolute
property ; infomuch that when unjuftly put under the ban of the Empire,
he could not be deprived of this acquifition, as being no fief thereof.
However Bernhard, who had been created Duke of Saxony in his ftead,
was not wanting in endeavours to make himfelf mafter alfo of this country,
and accordingly in 1 182, while Duke Henry was in England, built the cafile
of Lauenburg, out of the ruins of Erteneburg a feat of Duke Henrys.
This caftle indeed was afterwards demolifhed by the Counts of Holjiein,
Schwerin and Ratzeburg, but by the Emperor's order they were obliged
to rebuild it. In 11H9 Henry the Lion made him.felf mafter of it, and
maintained both that and the whole country againft Duke Bernhard. In
the partition made of his territories, by his fons, it was annexed to Duke
William of Lüneburgs fliare, who notwithllanding does not appear to have
been ever in adtual poffefTion of it, Adolphus Count oi Holflein immediately
feizing it, and in 1197 adually received the inveftiture of it from Heriry
Duke and Pfalzgrave. But in 1203 this Count was obliged to cede it as
his ranlom to Waldemar 11. King of Denmark, who created his fifter's fon,
the brave Count Albert of Orlamunde, governor of Lauenburg ; but this
Prince being taken prifoner at the battle of Bornlyrcet by the Count of
SchiL-crin, he yielded up Lauenburg to him in confideration of his liberty,
on which the latter made a prefent of it to Albert Duke of Saxoity, in
confideration of his afliftance in the war. Thus it was this Duke who
firfl brought to his houfe the caflle and country of Lauenburg, neither
were they in any refpedl a part of the dutchy of Saxony, which had been
granted to his father; and as the Princes of Anhalt are not defcended
from this Duke Albert, but from his brother Count Henry the Fat, they
have no claim from confanguiniiy to any inheritance of thofe countries, which
the porterity of the former have lately acquired, unlefs they can prove
themielves included by him in the inveftiture thereof. But this country of
Lauenburg from the tirjie it came to Duke Albert has been a particular
principality or dutchy,
and the pofleflbrs alfo ftiled Dukes oi Lower-Saxony.
The hpufe of Brunjisoick and Lüneburg has never renounced its claim to
this

Sax-e-Laiienburg.]
GERMANY,
tliis ancient property of Duke Ht-wj the Lion. In 1369 alfo the Dukes
William and Magnus came to an ?greetnent with Ericb Duke of Saxe-
Laueitburg-, that on the failure of the Lauenburg line, the dutchy Oiould
devolve to the Dukes of Bruufwick and Lüneburg, and accordingly they
ti)en received the conditional homage of the States of the country. ' I'his
failure happening in 1689 by the deceafe of Duke Julius Francis, George
William duke of Zell, took podeflion of the dutchy, and in 1697 came to
an agreement with the Eledor of Saxony, who on account of the reverfion
granted to his anceftors by the Emperor Maximilian I. laid claim to it,
and on the death of the lall: Duke of Lauenburg firfl: took polTeffion
thereof. The fcveral pretenfions of the Dukes of Baxony of the Emeßine
line, together with thofe of the Princes of Anhalt, the Dukes of Mecklenburg,
the eledloral houfe of Brandenburg, and the Lauenburg allodial heirs,
are with great force and erudition overthrown by Mr. Strube in his di(-
courfe de vi?2diciis juris Bruiifuicenßs & Luneburgenfis in ducatum Saxo Lauenburgicum
publilhed in 1754, as delivered at Gottingen, before the honourable
Mr. y^rnr court counlellor. Duke Gfor^^ /^7///V?;« of Z^// dying, Lauenburg
defcended to Erneji Augujhis Eledtor of Brun/wick-Luneburg, in favour of
whom, in 1706, the line of the Princes oi Bru?jJwick-Wolfenbuttel vcWnquilhed
their claim to the joint poA'cIlion of the dutchy, but the iniperial
inveiliture for it, together with its feat and vote among the Princes of the
Empire was firft obtained by King George I. in J716, and in 1738 and
1739
his Majefty King Georgell. reannexed to it the bailiwick oi Steinhorß.
§. 8. This dutchy entitles the King of Great-Britain to feat and voice
in the college of the Princes of the Empire, and likewife among thofe in
the Diet of Lo'wer-Saxony. In the matriculas of the Empire and Circle
its contingent is eight horfe, and thirty-foot or two hundred and fixteen
florins ; and to the chamber at PFetzlar, it pays two hundred and fortythree
rixdollars,
forty-three kruitzers and half.
§. 9. The dutchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, though dependent on the privy
council at Hanover, yet has its own particular regency, which confifts of
the Landdroß or chief governor for the time being, and three regencycounfellors.
It has alfo its own tribunal, which is compofed of ajudo-e, two
provincials and two counfellors at law, with the like number of other affefibrs,
who are not in the Sovereigns fervice. The choice of the judge (in which
the Sovereigns have gracioufly promifed to have a regard to the nobility
4S9
of the country, and particularly to the landmarflial at luch times in office,)
of the counfellors at law, and of one of the afleflbrs is lodged in the Sove-=
reign alone ; but the two provincial counfellors, with the other airelTor are
prefented by the nobility and States of the province, and confirmed by
the Sovereign. From the above tribunal appeals lie to the high-court of
appeals at Zell, which determines in dernier refort ever lince the year 1747,
when the Elector of Briinjwick obtained, with refped: to this dutchy, aa
i
unlimited

^o G E R M Jl N T. [Saxe-Lauenburg.
unlimited imperial Privilegium de non appellando. Laftly the ciutchy of
Saxe-Lauenburg has alfo its own confiftory, the members of whicii are
the Landdrofi for the time being (who is prefident,) one affeflbr prefented
by the nobility, one counfellor at law, the fuperintendent, another minifter
prefented by the body of the clergy, and an afleflbr, whom the towns prefent
alternately at the expiration of every year. All thefe feveral colleges
meet at Ratzeburg.
§. ID. The nobility and magiftrates of the towns, are invefted both with
the high and low jurifdidion within their refpedtive diftrids. Civil caufes
may be moved from the town courts to the regency, as alfo from the
Sovereign's bailiwicks, but appeals lie from the courts Baron to the provincial
tribunal.
§. II. The immediate revenues of the Sovereign arife from the demefne
bailiwicks and the regalia. The nobility and States (but not their dependents,
nor the burghers of towns) are exempt from paying toll, bridge,
dam and road monies, the cuftomary paflage money at Arteknburg and
Dargau excepted, with the bridge money at Ratzeburg, which are paid
by every body without exception. The fum of the contributions is determined
by the nobility and States, who alfo regulate the afleflments and
divifions for coUeding it. The proportion in the feveral payments of the
contribution is as follows : When
The bailiwick of
Lauenburg pays
Ratzeburg pays
Neuhaufz
Sch'warze?ibeck
The fum total of which is 263 44
rixdollars. florins. kruitzers.
The Nobility 109 19 7
Tho. XQVfn oi Rafzehurg 12 00 o
Lauenburg 8 42 8
Mollen 20 00 o
Total 150 14
In this fcheme the new acquired bailiwick of Steinhorß is omitted among
the contributions. The Sovereign, befides paying the taxes to the Empire
and Circle, defrays likewife all the public expenditures of the country.
§. 12. We now proceed to a more precife defcription of the dutchy,
according to which it
confifts of
I. The

Saxe-Lauenburg.] GERMANY. 441
I. The following towns, the magiflrates whereof arc pofTefled both of the
high and low juriididion :
vi-z.
1. Ratzebiirg, a ftrong town feated on an ifland in the large and deep
lake of the fame name, and from which, as alfo from the Wacketietz a river
iffiies by means whereof boats go to Lübeck with goods and pafiengers. In
1693 this place was laid in afhes by a bombardment from the Danes.
Since that time the (Ireets have been regularly laid out. The greatert:
part of the houfes are built after the Dutch manner. On the market-place
ftands the regency-oflice, where alfo is held the chief-court of juftice and
the confifhory. The town church has for its firft minifter the fuperintendent
of the dutchy. The garrifon are quartered in barracks. Near the lake
to the north-weft of the town, where boats go off to Lübeck, is a delightful
walk of limes and afh-trees, named Behedere. One part of the town
appertains to the principality of Ratzeburg in Mecklenburg-Strelitx and
makes a particular article, The bridge on the Mecklenburg fide is above
four hundred paces long, and the rebuilding of it coft at leaft 10,000 rixdollars
Lübeck money ; but the town is to keep it in repair. Anciently Ratze-
burg had counts of its own, the firft of whom was Henry of Badewide.
Duke Henry the Lion being put under the ban of the Empire, and the
Marggrave Albert the Bear, endeavouring to poffefs himfelf of the dukedom
of Saxony, he drove out Adolphus Count of Holflein, who fided with
'DüktHe?iry, and conferred his county on this Henry oi Badewide, but he being
afterwards obliged to relinquifh it in his turn, Henry the Lions mother conferred
Wagria on him, and this alfo being reftored to count Adolphus of
Holjiein, Henry the Lion inverted Henry of Badewide with Ratzeburg, and
the country of the Polahers as a fief. His fon Berrihard after revolting
from D\ik.Q Henry, returned again to his former attachment and '.fteadily perfevered
in it. Count Bernhard II. his fon, left a fon behind him named Bernhard
III. who died young, and thus the line of the counts of Ratzeburg
became extind: in the beginning of the thirteenth century.
2. Lauenbutg, a fmall town, fituated on a hill near the Rlbe and Steckenitz.
Divers of the houfes here are built fo low that the upper ftory lies level
with the ftreets, while the ground floor of others is fome ells higher than
it. This town thrives by fliipping and its traffick in corn and wood. It
is alfo a great thoroughfare for goods brought up the Elbe, which are configned
down the Steckenitz to Lübeck. Here is likewife a toll on the Elbe
of very confiderable produce, and in the town formerly flood a palace of
the duke's ereäied on an eminence. Of this palace one wing flill remains,
and in it is held the court of the bailiwick of Laucnktrg. The
profpedl from it is incomparable. Concerning its origin and moft ancient
hiftory notice has been taken of thefe articles above.
3. Müllen, a fmall town, almoft entirely furrounded by two lakes belonging
to it. The Steckenitz canal or the Dchcnau runs weflward by
Vol. IV. L 1 1 Hanenburg
*'

442 GERMANY. [Saxe-Lauenburg.
Hanetiburg through the lake of Mollen.
In this town are two hundred and
fixty-two houfes belonging to the burghers, with feveral public edifices,
and other buildings appertaining to the Sovereign. Here too lies the monument
and other remains of the Eule nfpiegel ov the zrtiwX ideot, of which
monument it makes no fmall boaft. In 1359 Mollen was mortgaged redeemably
to the Imperial town of Lübeck, but in 1683, after a long proccfs
was reftored to the Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg.
II. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Prince : namely
1. The bailiwick of Ratzeburg^ being near five German miles in length
and four broad, and containing under it the pariOi-church of St. George, which
flands on a hill without Ratzeburg, together with Grünau a market-town,
thirty-nine villages and fix farms belonging to the Sovereign.
Among thefe villages, Berkenthien, Breitenfeld, Crummefz and Mußten,
are all
parochial.
2. The bailiwick of Lauenburg, being about three German miles long
and as many broad, and exclufive of the Obenhrucke, Hohleniveger and Unterberg
congregations which are incorporated with Lauenburg, containing under it
feven marfh, with twenty-two champaign villages, fix farms belonging to
the Sovereign, and two lordHiips.
The moft remarkable places here are
Artelnburg, Attehiburg or Atlinburg, a parochial-village lying on the
Elbe, over which it has a ferry. At this place formerly ftood the cafl:le
of Erteneburg, which was demoIiOied by Duke Henry the Lion.
Juliusbiirg, a village and farm belonging to the Sovereign, and where
formerly ftood a feat of the Dukes of Lauenburg.
Franzhagen, a village having a farm belonging to the Sovereign, and
formerly containing a manfion-houfe of the appenaged line of the Dukes
of Holjlein-Sonderburg, which line failed in 1709, and thus the houfe is
fallen to ruins.
Buchen, a parochial-village, in which the Diets are held.
Hitbergen, Johan?i'warden. Pofrau and Lutau, all parochial-villages.
3. The bailiwick of Neuhaufz, confilling of thirty-two villages, which
arc divided into three vogteys : viz.
1. The Ham vop.ty comprehending five villages. The bailiwick-houfe,
in which Duke Francis Charla refided, lies in Neuhaufz a parochial-village
on the river Elbe.
2. The Haarer vogtey, including under it fifteen villages, among which
more particularly is that of Haar and the parifh of Stapel.
3. The Pinnauer vogtey containing twelve villages, more particularly
Pinnau and Trihbekau.
4. The biiliwick of Schwarzenbeck, being two German miles and a half
in length and two broad. The Sachfenwald here is a large foreft. Within
the bailiwick are twenty-one villages, together with two copper-mills
and one paper-mill. The parochial-villages in it are Schwarzenbeck, Hohenhorn
and Rudiifworde. $• ^^^

Saxe-Laiienburg.] GERMANY. 443
5. The bailiwick of Stcinhorß^ which was fold in 1575 by Vranch the
Younger^ for the fum of 27,000 rixdollars to Adolpbus Duke of Holjiein
and Schlefwig. Towards the clofe of the eleventh century this bailiwick
was again transferred to one of the n^vntoi Alcfeld, from whom it afterwards
pafled to a branch of the JVeJderkops. In 1738 the line oi Holßein-
Go//ör/" relinquiflied its claim to this bailiwick in favour of the Eledtor, as
Duke of Saxc-Lauenburg, and on the other hand Weddsrkop, who was in
poflefTion of it, transferred tlie right of fucceflion to the King of Denmark^
who on an intention of Wedderkop\ to alienate the fame, appointed a
commiflion of adminifliration, and fent a party of foldiers into Steinhorß,
but thefe were driven out again by order of the Eledlor of Bninfivick,
who put a garrifon in the plate. This occafioned an open rupture, which
in 1739 was accommodated by a preliminary treaty, and in 1740 definitively,
when it was agreed that the Eledor of Brunßvick 11 o aid remain in poffefTion
of the bailiwick, on paying down a certain fum of money to Denmark.
This bailiwick is hilly. Exclufive of ftivw/f^o/y? the baiUwick-houfe, it contains
alfo twelve villages of which Sandefnehen and Sicbenhaumcn are parochial.
III. The following manours and jurifdicSions, which are fubdivided into
1. Thofe which qualify for the Diet.
1. To the Buloiv family belongs
1. Gudow, a fief annexed to the poft of hereditary landmarflial. In
1470 the Btdow family purchafed this fief of the Zidt'7is, for the fum
4300 i^/j^/Z/Z) golden guilders, and in 1471 were by Duke John invefted
both with that and the office of marOial. It confifls properly of two eftate?,
namely Gudow and Scgraii, and for this reafon enjoys two votes in the
Diets. To it belongs Gudoiv, having a parochial-church, Befenthal, Bergholz,
Drufmg, Göttin, Gramhcck, Leejien, Lchmradc, Rojaiihal, Sopbicnthal,
and Wojferkrug or Zemekoiv.
2. Marfcbacht, a fief, including under it one half of the parochial-village
of that name.
3. Pretcn, an allodial eftate.
4. PFchnitigen, a fief, to which belongs the parochial-village of the
fame name.
2. To the JVitz-endorf family belongs
1. Zecher, a fief and fidcccmmmißum, fituated on the Schallfce. This
lake, which abounds in nlh, and from north to fouth extends upwards of
two German miles, lies almoft entirely in the dutchy of Lauenbiug,
but belongs for the mofl part to this eftate, the fliare of which in
it is called the Butenfee, and exclufive of fome fmaller ifl.inds contains under
it, ahb that of Zecher. To this bailiwick likewife belong the villages of
Great and Little-Zecher,
with the farm of Marienftedt.
2. Seedorf, a fief, alfo lying on the Scbadjee, and to which belongs a part
of this lake, as namely the lake villages of the Binnen and Kucbaijec, with
L 1 1 2 the

444 GERMANY, [Saxe-Lauenburg.
the large Seedorjer ifland, the parifh of ScedorJ, and the village of Dargau,
to which are to be added the farms of Hackendorf and Brejan, Butze
the forrefter's houfe, and two other little farms at Sterhy.
3. T'urow, a fief fituated on the Goldenfec, one half of which belongs to it,
with a half alfo of the village of Little-Tiiroiv, the other half both of the
lake and village being within Dutzow, a manour of Mecklenburg.
3. To Baron Bernfiorj belongs
1. Berijjlorf, a fief, which gave name to the family. To this fief is
annexed a part of the Schallfee, which is otherwife called the Berjijlorf
Binnenfee, together with the village of Hackendorf on the Schallfee and
Altehutte a farm,
on which formerly flood a glafs-houfe.
2. Stlntenbiirg, a fief, fituated on a narrow flip of land running into
the Scballfee, and thus joining the large ifland of Steintcnburg, which lies
on the continent. The manfion-houfe here is a new and very fine building.
To it belongs the parochial-village of Laffan, with Techin farm.
3. Woterfen, a fief, containing the parochial-village of Siebeneichen.
4. Lnnken, a fief, including Sams a parochial-village, together with
Klmenhorß and Great-Pampau, all belonging to it.
4. To the Wackerbart family appertains
1. Kogel, a fief, entitling to a couple of votes at the Diet, as confiding
of two joint eftates, which are freehold and fief King George 11. has received
22,500 rixdollars (freehold money) as fines from them. This fief
contains under it the parochial-village of Sterley, with two farms at Salem.
2. Tiifcbenbeck, a fief, to which belongs the village oi Horßorf.
5. To the Plefe family appertains
1. Baßhorß, with the parochial-village of the fame name.
2. Daldorf having a village of the like name.
6. Niendorf am Scballfee, an allodial eftate, belonging to the Hciv/f, who
are likewife proprietors of a part of the Scballfee, called the Niendorf Binnenfee,
and of the Goldenfee farm, with the lake of that name.
7. Niendorf an der Steckenitz, belonging to Baron Albedyl.
8. Colpin or Culpin, a fief, appertaining to the Scbrader family, and
comprehending under it the villages of Colpin and Gollnitz.
9. Schenkenberg, appertaining to the Wettkem.
10. Muffen, an efl:ate of the Da?ine?iberg family, and to which are annexed
the villages of Muffen and Nurfau.
1 1. Gidzau, belonging to the counts of Kielmanfegge, and confifting of
three rich farms, together with the parochial-village of Gulzau, and the
villages of Collau and Borfe.
12. Ludersburg,co'nx.zxn\x\^ the parochial-village of the fame name, lying
on the Elbe and being a fief of the Wittorfs.
2. Thule which have no feat in the Diet, among which are the following
manours and places. Of thefe the four firft were once dependent on
Lübeck, namely 1. Caßorf,

. Appendix
Hadeln.] GERMANY. 445
1. Caftorf, containing a village belonging to the Hammerßeinu
2. Bließorf, with a village appertaining to the Sodcns.
3. Grinau, a village lying within the manour of Trenthorß^ in the
dutchy of Holflein.
4. Rimdjhagen, containing a village belonging to the Todens.
5. Der mien, a farm of the Werpups.
concerning the Country o^ HADELN.
This place is of all others the mofl: proper for introducing the country
of Hadeln. For though it does not at prefent belong to the dutchy of
Saxe-haiienhiirg, yet formerly the Dukes of Saxe-Laiienburg were Sovereigns
of it, and even flill appeals lie from its chief court ofjuftice to that of
Saxe-Lauenburg at Ratzekirg, fo that this country may very juflly be defcribed
here by way of appendix.
It lies on the Elbe and borders on the dutchy of Bremen, and the bailiwick
of Ritzebuttel belonging to the city of Hamburg, being about two
German miles in length, but hardly fo. many broad. The river Meden
which traverfes it and below Otterndorf is conveyed by three fluices into
the £//^if,'ifruesfrom the rivers Gofche and Aue, which unite at Pedingivorth.
The other rivers here, though fmall, yet are very commodious to the inhabitants.
The country is fecured from inundations by a large dyke of great
(Irength, It contains about 47,700 morgens of land, being very fertile
and abounding in grain, fruit, cattle and fifh. It was conquered by the
Emperor Charles the Great. Afterwards it came under the counts of Stade,
and laftly devolved to the Dukes of Saxe-Laiietibiirg, firft as a fief and
then as their aftual property. On the extindtion of thefe Dukes the Emperor
fequeftrated it, which fequeflration continued till 173 1, when it was
taken off, and the country ceded to the Eledor of Brunßoick. Since the year
1526 the inhabitants have profefled hutheranißn. The parifhes here are
ten in number, belonging to which are twenty-fix minifiers, who are
ranged under two fuperintendents. Thefe annually hold a KalaJid or
fynod, in which the Grcße prefides. The country confifis of three Stands
or States, the firft of v/hich is the Hochland or the diftrift, particularly fo
called, the fecond the Siet (or loiv land) and the third Weichbild ov the town
of Ottendorß. The two firft of thefe are divided into twelve parifties, each
of which has a Schidtheifz, or judge, with two or four afleffors, who adminifter
juftice according to the common country law, but at Ottendorß
the court of judicature is held by the magiftracy, who are direded by the
town-laws. The other courts here are the confiftory, which is held every
fourth Monday ; the country court of the firft State, which afi^embles on
the Tueßday after the confiftory ; the Vier court of the fecond State,
which fits on Wedneßdays ; the Obergericht or high tribunal, which commences
on Thurßdays and continues till the rifing of the other courts j the
E.\ecutioiv

.
446 GERMANY, [Hadehi.
Execution court, which is held on Fridays ; the upper town court, which
meets on the Saturday of the week, wherein the confiflorial court is held >
and the upper town court of appeals, which afl'embles on the Saturday^
on which the town court falls. From thefe feveral courts caufes may
be carried to the Lauenburg high-court of judicature at Ratzeburg. The
Greje who is nominated by the Sovereign, and is generally the lirft counfellor
of the college of the Bremen and Verden regency, is prefident of all the
courts in this country. The Sovereign alfo appoints a court diredor, who
fits in the Icveral courts, together with the bailiff", who in all the courts
ads as his counfellor.
Every twelfth or fourteenth year the Grefe holds the Satzung or afleffment
for the contribution, which each inhabitant is to pay in proportion, to his
fubftance and chattels. Whilfl; this afllffmcnt continues in force, the contribution
muff be paid according to it, notwithftanding any change for the
better or worfe in the circumftances of every particular inhabitant. This
contribution which is payable by every burgher, is levied by the courtdiredor,
but the land-tax by the bailiff. The annual revenues of the
whole country amount to about 10,000 rixdollars.
The more particular defcription of each of the Stands here is as foUov/?,
I. The firft Stand, otherwife called the Landfchajt, and likewife the
Hochland; conlifts of feven parifhes, which are marfliland, but from this
the inhabitants derive great profit. The order obferved among them is as
follows :
"viz.
1. The parifh of Altenbruch or Oldenbrock, to which belong all the inhabitants
from Wordings-Acker to
Groden and the Altenwalde
2. The pariffi of Ludingworth extending from Franzenburg farm to
Doringivorth.
3. The pariffi ofNordlede, fituated between the Emmelke and the Wettern,
4. The pariffi of Neuenkirchen, lying between the river Medem and
Doringivorth.
5. The parifh of Oßerbruch, comprehending under it the houfes fituated
between the Landmark and damm oiXJthwall or Auffewwall.
6. The pariffi of OJierende Otterndorf, including all the houfes and
farms to the eaft, north-eaff and fouth-eaff of the town of Otterndorf, as
far as the Bchlumerbaum, as namely the Vorßadt or long ßreet, with the
manour of Wallingsbuttel, Marienthal, a farm of the Sovereigns, Mardorp
a village,
ZSc.
7. The pariHi of Weßerende Otterndorf, containing under it all to the
weft of the fame town beyond the river Mcdem.
II. The fecond Stand or that called the Sietland or Low-land, confifts of
five pariflies, all lying in a dry foil, and ranged in the following order, viz.
1. The pariffi of Weß-llgenworth, or ligenwortb-Weßer-Ende.
2. The parifh of Eaji-llgeniaorth, or llgewworth-OJier-Ende.
O'
The

Lübeck.]
3. That of Steinau.
4. That of Wanna,
5. The parifli of Odißmm.
III. The third Stand confifts of
GERMANY,
Otterndorf, a precindl or fmall town, fituated on the Medem, and containing
a feat of the lord's. Its magiftracy is compofed of two burghermafters,
four counfellors, two affeflbrs and a clerk.
447
The Archbißdopric
of Lübeck.
§. i.''~r^HE archbifhopric of Lübeck lies in that part of the dutchy of
"*"
Holßein, which was anciently called Wagria. Its fee was firft,
eredled by the Emperor Otbo I. at Oldenburg, a city oi Holßein, in the year
951 for the converfion of the lVe?idi, who inhabited this country. In
1058 Adalbert archbifliop of Hamburg of his mere motion, without the
approbation of the Emperor Henry III. divided the diocefe into three
biflioprics, namely, into thofe of Oldenburg, Ratzeburg and Mecklenburg.
The firfl came to a period in 1066 on the extirpation of chriftianity
in thefe parts by the Wendi, and was not reeftablirtied till 1140,
when Hartwich archbifliop of Bremen confecrated a prieft named Vicelin
bifliop thereof. This prieft having petitioned Henry the Lion Duke of
Saxony for the inveftiture, received it at Lüneburg, but at the fame time was
reprimanded for afluming the title of bifliop of Oldenburg, without the
Duke's permiflion. About the year 1 158 the Duke determined to remove the
cathedral from Oldenburg to Lubeck, and accordingly in 1 164 it was confecrated
there. On the Duke's falling under the ban of the Empire, the Bifliop
of Lubeck obtained permiflion to hold immediately of the Empire. The
Reformation of the diocefe was begun under Bifliop Henry oi Bocholt, and
being forwarded by his fucceflbr Detlev of Reventlau, who was promoted
to the fee in 1535, as alfo by the fucceeding proteflant bifliops, it was
accompliflied in 1561. In 1586 the chapter for the firfl: time, eleded a
Prince of the houfe of Hol/lein-Gottorf for their biiliop, which afterwards
became a flanding rule, and that houfe feconding the follicitations of the
chapter, that the fee might not be fecularized, in the year 1647 i^ ^^^s
accordingly confirmed, in acknowledgement of which the chapter engaged,
on the deceafe of Duke John the ruling bifliop, and his coadjutor Duke
John George, to eledl fix biihops fucceflively out of ihthouie oi Holßein-Gottorf.
In 1648 at the peace of Weßphalia this lee was confirmed to the
protefl;ant church. In 1667 the eledled coadjutor Duke Chrifiian Albert,
in a convention at Gluckßadt with Frederick III. King of Demnark, prcmifed,
" that whenever an opportunity offered, he v/ould ufe his utmofl
" endeavours

448 GER M. A N T. [Lübeck.
endeavours to obtain a formal promife from the chapter that the eledion
fliould remain in the royal and princely houfe of Hülßeifi, in Tuch
manner, that for the future on the failure of the illuftrious perfons and
generations mentioned in the convention of 1647, one of his Majefty's
defcendents,' by divine favouf then living fliould alternately be promoted
to the fee." The compadl of 1647 being dillblved by the election
of Bifliop AJolphus Frederick, afterwards King of Siveikn, or at leaft by the
recommendation of his brother Henry Frederick yluguftus the prefent biihop,
the chapter made life of its own abfolute freedom in the eledtion of an
epifcopal coadjutor, and accordingly on the fourth of OSlober 1756,
made choice of Frederick Prince oi, Doiniark, (on to King Frederick V. by
a fccond
marriage.
§. 2. The Bifliop oi Lübeck, though a Prince of the Empire, yet in the
college of Princes, fits neither on the fpiritual or temporal bench, but on
a particular one placed crofs-wife, and laid there purely for him and the
Biihop of Ojnahruck, when a Lutheran. He has alfo a vote among the
Princes of the Circle of Lower-Saxoliy. In the matricula of the Empire,
he is alfefled at three horfe or thirty-fix florins, and his quota to the
chamber at JVetzlar is forty rixdollars, fifty-two kruitzers and a quarter. The
arms of the fee are faphire, a crofs wavey topaz, furmounted with a mitre.
§. 3. The cathedral ftands in the imperial city of Lübeck, where however
it is inverted with no manner of authority. The chapter confifts of thirty
perfons, who, four Roman catholics excepted, are all Lutherans. The
dean is always eleöed from among the members of the chapter. The
provoft of the cathedral is chofen alternately by the latter and the city
of Lübeck.
§. 4. The bifliop refides at Eutin, which is alfo the feat of his offices,
as namely of the regency, the treafury and the confiftory.
§. 5. The more particular defcription of the bifliopric includes
I. The bifliop's bailiwicks, namely
I . The bailiwick of Rutin, the moft remarkable places in which are
Eutin, anciently called IJtine, and in Latin Utina or Oitinum, a fmall
town moft delightfully fituated on a lake, which fupplies it with a plentiful
variety of fiih. In 1689 the palace being deftroyed by fire, it was rebuilt
by Duke Augußus Frederick at that time bifiiop, but received great
improvements from his fucceffor Duke Chrißian Augußus, who added to it a
moft exquifite garden. The town church is collegiate. In 1155 Adolphus
Count of Holßein and Schauenburg, at the requifition of Duke He?jry tfx
Lion, ceded this place to Biihop Gerold, who ereifted it into a town, and
built himfelf a refidence there; and in the thirteenth century Biiho^John
"jon Dieß conferred on it
Neuenkirchen,
the Lübeck right.
a parochial-village.
Lente, commonly called Malente, alfo parochial : together with
Bößu,

Schwerin.] G E R M A N 7.
449
Boßaii,
anoiber parochial-village.
2. The bailiwick of Schwartau, including the village of Schwartau, on
the river of the fame name, which at a fmall diflance from it joins the
Trave, together with Re?ifeJ'elii a parochial-village.
3. The bilhops of the Holßein-Gottorf line, have hitherto been poffefled
of the aliodial eftates of Lenfaen., wi'h the parochial-village of that
name, as alfo Stendorf and Munchen-Neverßorj .
II. The chapter's lands, in which are included aimed the whole of the
diftrids called the HoIJkji-Ort and Travemunder-Winkel. The hufs belonging
to thefe lands have been difpofed of to free perfons, as an hereditary
property, and given in fief, though with referve of the Dominium directum
to the chapter, which annually levies a certain impoft on them, beddes
other rights and pecuniary cafualties. Of all the places dependent on it
Lanchow and Gemiin are the moft ancient.
The Principality o/" S c H w E R i N.
'~p*'HIS country which is almofl: furrounded by the dutchy of Schwerin,
-* borders alfo on the lordHiips oiWifmar and Roßock. Its length is about
five German miles, and its breadth one and a half. It was formerly a bifliopric,
and the laft of the three fees erefted by Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony
and Bavaria, who founded it in 1 170 at the town of Schwerin, whence it
has obtained its name. At the peace of Weßphalia it was in 1 648 converted
into a temporal principality of the Empire, and afligned to the Dukes of
Mecklenburg of the Schwerin line, with right of feat and voice in the
college of the Princes of the Empire, and likewife in that of the Circle
o^ Lower-Saxony. Its matricular aflelTment is fix horfe and the like number
of foot, or ninety-fix florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar it contributes
eighty-one rixdollars, fourteen kruitzers and half. In it are
I. The following towns : namely
Butzo, a fmall town, containing a caftle, which was formerly the refidence
of the bifliops of Schwerin, infomuch that the bi(hopric itfelf was
frequently named from this place. In 1697 and 17 16 it was deftroyed by
fire. In the time of Duke Frederick William a colony of French refugees
came thither, and fet up leveral manufadlures.
IVahrien, a fmall town, which is not to be confounded with Wahren in
the dutchy of Giißro.
The Schelff'e or Neußadt, alfo a fmall town lying fo clofc to Schwerin,
the refidentiary place, that it appears to be only a part of it, though in
faft a diflinft town, and under its own magiftracy. Imyo^Tinkt Frederick
William conferred divers privileges and favours on the new fettlers here.
Vol. VI. M m m II. The

450 GERMANY. [Ratzeburg.
II. The following bailiwicks belonging to the Prince, viz.
1. The bailiwick of Butzo, io named from the town above-mentioned.
2. The bailiwick of Rhuny deriving its appellation from RJmn a convent
for ladies of noble birth.
3. The bailiwick of Wahrien, the feat of which lies in the little town
above-mentioned.
4. The epifcopal bailiwick of Schwerin.
HI. Ten manours.
The Principality of Ratzeburg.
'T^HIS principality lies between the dutchies of Saxe-Lauenburg and
'' Schwerin, and the precindl of the imperial city of Lübeck, being
about one German mile and a half in length, and as much broad. It was
formed out of a biihopric, erefted in 1 1 54 by Henry the Lion Duke of
Saxony, at the town of Ratzeburg, but which at the peace of Wejiphalia
in 1648, was converted into a temporal principality of the Empire,
and fettled on the Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, with right of feat
and voice in the college of the Princes of the Empire, and likewife in
that of the Circle of Lower-Saxony. By the convention of Hamburg in
1 70 1, it has pafled to the 6'//y///z line. Its matricular afleflment is one
horfe, and three foot or twenty-four florins, and to the chamber at Wetzlar it
pays fixty-feven rixdoUars, fifty-four kruitzers and three quarters. To this
belong
principality
1. The bailiwick of Ratzeburg, containing that part of the town of
Ratzeburg, which is annexed to the principality. The cathedral is flill in
being, together with a chapter, and in the crofs two apartments have been
built for the Duke's board of treafury and the confiftory. Adjoining to this is
the old chancery where the regency fits. Here are alfo fome other buildings
belonging to the Duke ; but more particularly the Palmberg, which is a
1 arge fquare area adorned with walks of lime-trees.
2. The bailiwick of Schonberg, fo called from Schonberg a feat which
was once the refidence of the Bifhops of Ratzeburg, but now ferves as
the bailiwick-houfe. Beneath it is a fmall town of the name.
3. The bailiwick of Stove, the court belonging to which is held at the
houfe of that name.
4. The manour of Horß, comprehending under it the villages of Little-
Hcrß and Oldenburg, with Chriflinenthal a farm and fheep walk. The
proprietor of this manour is M. Meier private fccretary to the Eledlor of
Brunjwick.
7ht

GERMANY.
45 t
IChe Principality

452 G' E R M A N r. [Ranzau.
of the Circle of Lower-Saxony ever come into ufe again, a vote and feat
among the Princes would unqueftionably be allowed him. Blankejiburg
and Reinflein formerly paid twenty-four florins to a Roman month, but at
prefent Blankeiibiirg alone pays only twelve.
§. 5. The government of this principality is under the diredlion of the
privy-council at Brunfwick, but it has likewife a diftindt court of juftice,
from which appeals lie to the counts of the Empire, as alfo its particular
confiftory, from whence lies no appeal to that of Woljenbuttel.
§. 6. To the principality belong two towns and four bailiwicks, viz.
I. The town and bailiwick of Blankenburg, confiding of
**
Blankenburg, a town, in which are held the courts of judicature, and
the confiftory, with the fuperintendency of the principality. It lies below
the Duke's palace which ftands on an eminence.
The villages of Huttenrode, Katlenßedt, Wienrode and Timmenrode, which
are all parochial.
II. The bailiwick of Heimburg, confifting of the two parochial-villages of
Heimburg and Benzingerode. The ancient caftle of Heimburg has long
fince been laid in ruins.
III. The bailiwick oi Börnecke, confifting of the parochial-village of that
name with a few hills.
IV. The bailiwick of Stiege, including
HaJJelfelde, a fmall town, fituated on the Harz, and containing a hunting
feat of the Princes.
Stiege, Alrode, Drudenßein, 'Tanne and Braunlage, all parochial-villages.
Rubeland, a place lying in a very pleafant valley on the warm Bode.
Near it is the famous cave called Baumannßohle , the only paffage leading
to which is by afcending a very high hill ; but Duke Lewis Rudolphus has
ordered the entrance to be fliut up with a door.
It confifts of fix or feven dark
caverns, which are diverfified with a vaft variety of figures in drop-ftone.
The Lutheran convent of Micbaelßein, fituated about an hour's diftance
from Blankenburg, and compofed of an abbot, who is generally profeflbr
of divinity at Helmßedt, one fenior and three coUegiates.
I'he County of K an z au,
§, j.''T~*'HIS county lies in the dutchy of Holßein, being two German
-^ miles and half in length and one and a half broad. The
greateft part of it is champaign, with fome marfliland. The Aue which rifes
not far from Heede and traverfes the county is both deep and navigable.
§.2. In the whole county are two market-towns and twenty-fix villages;
which feveral places are divided into three parifhes under the infpeftion of
a provoft. §. 3. It

Ranzau.] G E R M A N T. 453
§.3. It was formerly called the bailiwick of Barmßedt, and conflituted
a part of the lordfliip of Finncberg. On the divifion made of it, in 1640
between Chrißian IV. King of Denmark and Frederick III. Duke of
Holßein-Gottorf, the latter' obtained this bailiwick, which, however, in 1649
together with the fovereignty, and all rights, privileges, dues and prerogatives,
in fuch manner as it had been held by the Counts of Holjiein
and Schauenburg, the faid Frederick fold to Chrißian Ranzau, Stadtholder, to
t\Q King oi Denmark for the fum of 201000 fpecie ri\'dolIars, which fum
b.nng pa d him in ready money and land, he renounced botli for himfclf, h^ä
heirs and defcendants, all claim and right thereto. In 1650 this fale was confirmed
by the Emperor Ferdinand HI. who, at the fame time raifed the
Stadtholder Ranzau, and his defcendants to the degree of Counts, and eredled
the bailiwick of Barmßedt \nto a county of the Empire. Thehoufe of Ranzau
deriving a very confiderable part of its grandeur from the favours of the
Kings of Denmark, Detlev ion to Chrißian, the firfl: of thefe counts, in 1669
drew up an inftrument which in 1 671 was confirmed by the Emperor LctJ/'s/ö',
by which inftrument in cafe he or any of his defcendents fliould die without
male heirs, the county of i^owz^w, together with the \ox^^\^ of Brtitenburg,
were to devolve to the royal family, though with a provifo that this county
fliould always continue feparate from the lordlhip of Finneberg^ and for
ever retain the name of Ra?2zau. In 1706 the houfe of Gottorf was for
recovering the county on the payment of the purchafe nioney, and actually
took poffeffion of it, but by an exprefs order from the Emperor they were
obliged again to reftore it to Count Detlev. A violent conteft arofe afterwards
between him and his brother, who in 172 1 hired certain afTaflins to flioot
him, and then took poffeflion of the county ; but by virtue of an order
of Frederick IV. King of Denmark he was feized in his way to Hamburg, and
carried to Finneberg,
where being brought to a formal trial he was fentenced
to perpetual imprifonment in Norway, where he afterwards died. Upon
this in 1726 the King by virtue of the teftament of Count Detlev took,
pofl'eflion of the county, leaving the lordlhip of Breitenburg under certain
conditions, to the fifter of the two laft unhappy Counts, named Catherine
Hedwig, who was by marriage Countefs of Caßell-Rudeniäujcn.
§. 4. At a circular Diet held at Lüneburg in the vear 1662 this county
v/as admitted to be a State of the Circle of Lower-Saxo?:y, but whether
the King of Denmark, by virtue of it, takes place among the counts of
Weßphalia, I am not yet certainly informed. Its ailelTment in the matricula
is not to be found ; but to the chamber of Wetzlar it pays twentyfour
rixdollars, feventy-fix kruitzers and a half
§. 5. It is governed by an adminiftrator of the King's own nomination.
The Ding and Recht alfo obtain here, and are compofed of twenty-one
houfe-kecpers elefted from among the parifhes. From this court caufes
may be moved to the county court of appeals, which was inftituted in
3 17343

454-
GERMANY, [Lübeck.
1734,
and is held at Rnnzau houfe by the adminiftrator as prefident,
affifted by two members of the regency of Gluckjiadt, who are particularly
appointed to this office and this court of appeals, and who with the addition
of two more counfellors of the Ghickfladt regency, conftitute by a
royal edict of 1754, what is called the criminal court. This county has
alio its own particular confiftory, the members of which, are the adminiftrator
as prefident, affifled by the provofi: and alfo the clergy of the county.
^. 6. The annual revenues arifing from it amount to about 14,000 rixdoliars,
which are levied and accounted for by the adminiftrator.
§. 7. The mofl; remarkable places here are
1. Ranzau houfe, s.ncxtniXy cz\\g6. ihs Barmßedt hof, the buildings appertaining
to which ftand in a wood on three fmall illands formed by the
Aue in its courfe from Barmftedt. On one of thefe iflands is the bailiwickhoufe,
on another the court-houfe, and on the third the manfion-houfe, in
which the adminiftrator relides.
2. Barmßedt, a market-town, created fuch in 1736, and lying on the
Aue. This town confifts of about one hundred and twenty houfes and is
parochial.
3. Elmßjorn, alfo a market-town, fituated on the -(4i^?. In the year 1750
a fire deflroyed forty-feven dwelling houfes and nine barns at this place,
but they have been rebuilt to great advantage. The whole number of
edifices here is about one hundred and fifty. The head minifter of its
church, is provoft of the county, ever fince the removal of the provoftftiip
hither from Barmßedt. The poor-houfe and hofpital, which was founded
in 1663 by Count Chrßian, and wherein at prefent eighteen poor people
are maintained, has a chapel and a particular preacher belonging to it, who
is alfo catechift to the parochial-church, and the whole place. The inhabitants
have a great many fmall vefl'els, in which they carry on a traffick
along the Aue to the Elbe, but that chiefly in turf. Charcoal alfo is brought
from Kaltenkirchen to the Kruck near Elnßm-n, and there fliipped off
for Holland.
4. Hornerkirche, which was confecratcd in 1752. Near this church,
exclufive of the patronage and fexton's houfe, are feveral other dwellings
belonging to mechanicks and labourers.
THE
'The Imperial City 0/" L u B e c k.
free Imperial city of Lübeck, anciently written Lubecke, ftands
within the limits of Holßein on the river Trave, which is a navigable
river, and above the city receives the Steckenitz, another navigable ftream,
by means of which it communicates with the Elbe, but below it the
Wackenitz, which is likewife navigable and ifTues from the lake of Ratzeburg.

Lübeck.] GERMANY.
455
burg. After joining the Schwartau in its progrcfs, this river falls into the
Baltick. By means of thefe feveral dreams long and flat bottomed vefTels
pafs from the Baltick along the Trave,
the Steckenitz and the Elbe into the
German ocean. The town ftands on the two fides of a long hill of moderate
height, the eaftern part extending itfelf down the declivity towards
the IFackenitz, as the wertem does towards the Trave. Exclufive of walls,
towers and Fauße brayes, it is further furroundcd with ftrong ramparts,
(which being planted with trees form a very delightful walk) and to thefe
has the addition of wide moats. The ftreets are for the moft part fteep,
and the houfes all of ftone and old fafhioned. Ever fince the year 1530
Lutheranifm has been the eftablKhed religion of the place. Btfides the
cathedral of its ancient fee before mentioned, it has alfo four parochialchurches.
The principal of thefe is the church of St. Mary, which is a
large flrudure having the fuperintendency of the city annexed to it. The
other churches here are thofe of St. yamcs, St. Peter and Paul and St. Giles.
St. Cleme?it's church is fubordinate to that of St. James, and St. Laurence's
flands without the city in the church-yard belonging to the peft-houfe.
The nunnery of St. jfohri is compofed of an abbefs or Domina, a priorefs
and twenty-two conventualifts, and has likewife its own church and
chaplain. The convent of Mary Magdalen in the old Burg, was at the
time of the Reformation converted into a poor-houfe, which alfo has its
particular chaplain and church. In the fuppreffed convent of St. Catherine
has been founded a grammar-fchool of feven claffes, and in this convent
is alfo the public library. The church belonging to it is a filial of
that of St. Marten. The convent of St. Anne has been converted into
an alms-houfe and houfe of corredion, both which are handfome buildings
and under excellent regulations. Here is alfo a hofpital dedicated to the
Holy-Ghoß, to which are annexed villages on Pol, an ifland near Wifmar^
an orphan-houfe, a houfe for the entertainment of poor flrangers, a
fmall-pox hofpital, and many other charitable foundations. The papifts
likewife are poflelTed of a chapel near the cathedral, and the Calvinijis of
a church without the Holßei72-gz\.s.
The city armoury flands dole by the
cathedral. The corporation confifts of four burghermafters and fixteen
counfellors which may either be men of letters, patricians ortradefmen. The
whole burghery (graduates, and fuch as have employments in the fchools
and churches excepted) confift of twelve companies, each of which has
a vote in the public deliberations. This city was the head of the hanfetowns,
and in the town houfe is a large hall called the Hanfefaal, where
their deputies ufed to meet. An alliance ftill fubfifts between Liibeck, Hamburg
and Bremen, and under the flile of hanfe-towns they negotiate treaties of
commerce with foreign powers. They had alfo their envoy at the treaty
of Utrecht in 17 13. Further the Emperor Francis engaged in his capitulation,
" In the moft effedlual manner to countenance, fupport and
" defend

J
456 GERMANY, [Lübeck.
" defend in their navigation, trafHck, rights and immunities, according to
" the injlrumentian pads, ail trading towns in general, particularly the cities
" oi Lübeck, Bi'cmen 2inA Hamburg, from whofe maritime commerce the
" public reaps fuch great advantages." Its trade ftill continues to be verj
confiderable, for which its fituation as above defcribed, is extremely commodious.
In it alfo arc divers manufactures. On the fpot where the city
now Itands was formerly a town, named Biicii, on the demolition of which
about the year 1
144 Adolphus II, Count of Holßein and Shauo.burg, laid
the firft foundations of the celebrated city of Lübeck. Its fpeedy increafc
and the refort thither of all the merchants from Bardewick cxnAttd (vich.
umbrage to Henry the Lyon, Duke of Saxony, that he gave orders that nothing
Ihould be fold at this place but provifions. In 1 1 56 Lübeck being burnt down,
Duke Henry after a long negotiation prevailed on Count Adolphus to give
him the town, which having rebuilt he creded it into a free-port, and in
1 1 58 conferred on it the Stadtrecht or municipal right, which took its
rife from that of Soeß, and was then become very famous. This right
was confirmed to it in 1188 by the Emperor Frederick I, and in 1226 by
Frederick II. and afterwards by the fucceeding Emperors. Alfo ever fince
the year 1254, the towns in the countries adjacent to the Baltick have been
continually labouring to obtain this right. The Duke further removed hither
the fee oi Oldenburg, and in 1 164 its cathedral was confecrated. But Henry
being afterwards put under the ban, this city in 1 1 82 fubmitted lo the Emperor
Frederick I. to whom however it originally owes the title of Imperial.
In 1 189 it was recovered by Duke Henry, but in 1 192 efcheated io Adolphui
Count of Holßein and Schmienburg, from whom in 1202 it was wrefted by
Waldemar Duke of Schlefwig, and afterwards King of Denmark, under
whofe fovereignty it continued till 1226, when it threw off the yoke.
But that Albert the Great Duke of Brunfwick had afterwards fome prerogative
over it, is manifeftfrom the privileges granted to it by Henry King of
Ejjgland at his follicitations, which privileges, according to the words of the
patent, werie to continue in force, whilft the burghers and n\txQ\\&n\.% o^ Lübeck
remained under the dominion and protedlion (fub dominio et proteBione) of
the Duke. In 1276 the whole city was deftroyed by fire, five houfes only
excepted. In the Diet of the Empire it is poffeffed of the third feat
among the Rhenißj Imperial cities ; and in the Circle of Lower-Saxony
has the firf^. In the matricula of the Empire its contingent is four
hundred and eighty florins ; and to the chamber of Wetzlar it pays five
hundred and fifty-feventy rixdollars and eighty-eight kruitzers.
dependencies are
Among its
\.Trave7]7unde, a fmall town, with a fort, fituated at the influx of the
Trave \v\io ihe Baltick. In the year 1320 the city of Lübeck purchafed
this place oi John III. Count of Holßein. In 1477 one half of it was
deftroyed by fire, and in 1522 almoll the whole. The city of Lübeck
appoints

Gofzkr.] GERMANY, 457
appoints a commandant here, who was formerly ftiled Vogt. Travemunde
lies two Gc7-man miles from it.
2. Sclhukup, a filhing-village, fituated on the Trave, one German mile
from Lübeck.
3. Ritzerau, a bailiwick, containing the parochial-village of Kujfc.
4. Behlendorf, a bailiwi(.k, having its feat in the parochial-village of
that name.
5. The bailiwick of Bergedorf, in which is Bergedorf, a fmall town,
fituated on the BiLe, and the Fier Lande, as they are called, which lie on the
Llbe, and belonging in common to Lübeck and Hamburg, being an acquifition
made by their joint forces from the dutchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, which they
retained by the convention o^ Perleherg in 1420. This country being level
and interfered by rivulets and ditches, is extremely fertile, and in fummer
time inexpreffibly delightful, but at certain feafons fubje6t to be
overflowed. At the manfion-houfe of Bergedorf refides the bailiff, who is
nominated by the two cities. In the Vier Lande are the parifhes of Kirch-
•werder. Old and New-Gamme^ Korjlacke and Geiß-Hacbede or Geejibacht,
with a toll-houfe on the E.lbe called ZoUenJpieckcr, where is alfo a ferry
over the fame river.
7he Imperial City of Goszlar.
/'^OSZLAR a free Imperial city, lies without the Harz, at the foot of the
^-^ Rammelberg on the river Goß, which at a fmall diftance from the
town empties itfelf into the Ocker. It is environed by the bailiwick of
Liebenburg, in the diocefe of Hildeßmm, and likewife by thofe of Langelpieim
and Harzburg in the principality of Wolfenbuttel. The buildings
here are all in the old tafle, excepting that part of it, which was burnt
down in 1728, which has been rebuilt in the modern manner. The
cftabliflied religion is Lutheranifin, and in this city arc four parilh-churches,
namely thofe of St. Coßnas and Damian or the great-church, St. Stephens, the
Frankenberg and that of St. fames. Here are alfo two Lutheran foundations
holding immediately of the Empire. That of St. Simon and St. fude
was founded as a canonry of Augiiftines in the year 1040 by the Emperor
J/^;zr)'III,andjits eftateswere under the jurifdidion of the canons of thatorder,
but the Emperor Frederick I. curtailed their overgrown power, particularly
in 1188, when he confirmed the fee in its immediate tenure on the Empire,
as alfo in its jurifdidion in civil cafes, declaring it exempt from all
power and authority of the lord of the country. This independency has
been fucceßively confirmed by the Emperors, and the fee continues without
moleftatiou to exercife its jurifdidlion both in proceffes and arbitrations.
Vol. VI. N n n tut

458 GERMANY. [Gofzlar.
but the city oiGofzlar having feveral times ftarted difficulties on this head, a
procefs is now depending between thde two bodies before the Aidic-coMViC\\.
The Imperial füiindatioii oi Petersherg alfo receivetl its rile from the munificence
of the Emperor Henry III. and hisconfort ylgiies in honour ot St. Peter.
It Hands to the eaft of the city on the Kalkberg, the name of which or»
account of this foundation, was changed into that of Petersberg. It was
originally endowed with the village and diilrift of Bartunlep, which flill
conllitute a part of its
revenues. The edifice itlelf was confecrated in the year
1057. In I 512 the canonry made over the adminiftration of it to the city
magiftracy in confideration of an yearly ftipend, and one half of the cafualities,
which term has from time to time been prolonged, but this adiTiiniftration
is limited to places under the immediate lovereignty of the
foundation, and ftanding on St. Peter % hill.
In 1527 the burghers ot Gojzlar
pulled down every part of the building on the Petersbefg, inlomuch that the
canons were afterwards obliged to fing canonical hymns atfirft in the church
of the preceding foundation, but fince the year 1603, the chapel of
St. Catharine has been afllgned them. The canonry is Lutheran, and
their principal officer a Dean. The Emperor is ftill pofTefled of the jus
priniariiiraui precum over it, which he made ufe of in 1754, at which
time alfo the Emperor Francis confirmed to them the exercife of their
religion according to \\\z Augsburg confefiion, and further prornifed his countenance
and protedlion to the canonry, as long as it obferved the eftablifhed
iifages. Here are two othtv Lutheran convents. That of Frankenberg, which
confifts of a domina and three conventualifls, belongs to the principality
of Wolfenbuttel, to which it devolved in 1523, when the greateft part of
the Ä\oce.[& oi Hildeßjeim, in which it was included, came under the dominion
of Brunfivick-Luneburg. The church there, which however does
not belong to it, has been mentioned above. The nunnery at A?'«/t'«'Z£'i?r^
is dependent on the magiflracy, and has a church of its own. The city
derives its principal fubfiftence from the mines in the Rammehberg, which
have been taken notice of above under the principality of Grubenhagen, its
breweries of beer and its trade for provifions to xhtHarz. Its foundation ic
owes to the Emperor Henry I, who began it in the year 922. In the
Koningshof (or King's court) feveral Kings and Emperors of Germany have
kept their court, and have alfo held here many general aflemblies of the
Empire and folemn judicatures. Thus Gofzlar from its firft commencement
has always been an Imperial city. Duke Henry the Lion obtained it
of the Emperor Frederick in confideration of his affiftance in the wars of
Itah, and in 1180 walled it round, to denote its being an Imperial city,
tho' it had fided with the Emperor his enemy. In 1542 it was befieged
by Henry the Younger, Duke of Brunfwick and Lüneburg, but an amicable
accommodation taking place, the fiege was raifed. In the Diet it is poffeffed
of the feventh feat on the bench of the Imperial cities of the
Circle

Muhlhaiifen.] GERMANY.
459
Circle of the Rb'uie, but among thofe of Lower-Saxony has only the
fecond. Its matricular afkflliient formerly amounted to four hundred florins.
In 1568 and feventy-one this afleflment was reduced to one hundred and
twenty, but at prefent is only fixty. Its quota to the chamber at Wetzlar
is one hundred and eighty-four florins, feventy-nine kruitzers. The Duke
of Brunjwick-Wolfenlmttei is hereditary protedtor of it, and as fuch it pays
him an annual fum of money.
The Imperial City
of Muhl hausen.
'T^HE free Imperial city o'i Muhlhnifen\\t% mThuringia, on the river
•*-
TJnßrut, being divided into the upper and lower. The firll of thefe
was formerly called the Nnißadt and the latter the Altßadt. The George
fuburb in ancient records called Old-Muhlhaufen, fhews it to have been
the firfl: beginning of the city. Here are two Lutheran churches, with a
Ro?nan catholic foundation of Augußine Nuns, to which is annexed the eilate
oiTiretirode. The proper jera of the building oi Mublhaiife^i is little known,
and till the thirteenth century nothing can be faid either of the place or its
territory. In 1180 it was laid in aflies by Henry the Lion Duke of Saxony
and Bavaria, and in 1422 and 1487 fufi'ered again extremely by fire. It
appears to have held immediately of the Emperors from time immemorial.
In the years 1332 and 1337 it purchafed of the Emperor Lcms
the ofiice of Imperial judge in the city and its precincl. In the Diet it is
pofl^efled of the ninth place among the Rhenijh bench in the college of
the Imperial cities thereof, and of the third in the Diets of Loiver
Saxcfiy. In the matricula of the Empire it is aflefied at one hundred
and fixty florins, and to the chamber at JVeizlar contributes one hundred
and thirty-five rixdollars, twenty-three kruitzers. Within its diftrid are
twenty places : namely, Ammern, Bolßedt, Dachreden, Dorne, Emmelhaiifeny
a lazaretta, Eigenrieden, on an eminence above which flood a burg,
Felchta, Germar, Grabe, Hongede, Hohnbach, Hofmar or Horßhmar, Kayferßiagen,
Lengef eld, Pfaffenrode, Reijern, Salfeld, Sampach, Solßedt and
Windeberg, exclufive of thirteen other places which are now deftroyed. Its
precincl to the north and weft is environed by moats and a quick-fethedge,
as alfo by towers, but to the eaft and fouth is only marked with
limit ftones.
N n n 2 The

46o GERMANY. [Hamburg.
THE
I'he Imperial City ö/'Nordhausen.
free Imperial city of Nordhaufen lies between the county of
Hohiiflein and the lordflhip of Klntenherg on \\\q Zorge, being of
middling extent, and divided into tiie old and new. In it are feven Lutheran
churches belonging to which are ten minders, and a well-built
orphan-houfe. The Holy-rood convent with its church is pofleded by the
Roman catholics. This city canies on a good corn trade to the Upper-
Harz, and diftils great quantities for brandy, not to mention its curious
works in marble and alabafler, the materials for wh:ch are brought from
Stollberg and Hobenjlein. In the year 1180 it was burnt by Henry the
Lion Duke of Saxony. In 1234, 1540, 16 12, 1710 and 1712 great fires
happened here. It has been a free Imperial city ever fince its firft foundation.
In it refide an Imperial vogt and judge. The former of thefe
offices, or that called the penal judicature, was held by the ancient
counts of Hohtjßein, at leafl in the fifteenth century ; but on their failure
the Emperor Rodolphus II. in 1600 conferred it on the tledloral houfe of
Saxony, which in i 697 made an abfolute and perpetual ceflion of it to the
ele6toral houfe oi Brandenburg. The juftitiary was anciently a Landgrave
oi 'Thuringia. From him this dignity palTed to the Dukes and Eledors of
Saxony, who in 1697 likewife ceded it to the Eleftor of Brandenburg, but
in 1717 that houfe in confideration of the fum of 50,000 rixdollars tranfferred
to the city of Nordhaufen and its magiflracy, the two aforementioned
oflices of vogt and juflitiary, with all rights prerogatives and
emoluments. In the Diet of the Empire it enjoys the tenth feat on the
Rhenijh bench of Imperial cities, and the fourth among thofe ofthe Diets of
Lciüer-Saxony. The matricularalTeffement oi Nordhaufen is eighty florins, and
to the chamber at Wetzlar it pays ninety-four rixdollars, fixty-two kruitzers
and a half.
T'he Imperial City of Hamburg.
' f '*'HE free Imperial city o{ Hamburg, in Latin Hamburgiim Haintnoma, as
-* derived from the old German word Hanime fignifying a wood, appears
to have been a town of the Nordalbingers, before the days of the Emperor
Charles the Great, but fince the year 808, when that Emperor built a
fort there, under the name of Hochbuchi or Hohenbuchen (in Engliß: high
beachei) has been much better known. It ftands on the borders of that
part of Holjiein, called Stormar, being about eighteen German miles from
the influx of the Elbe into the ocean, and properly fituated on the rivers
Elbe,

Hamburg.] GERMANY.
461
Elbe, Alßer and Bilk, The firfl: of thefe claims a more particular defcription,
the Bilk being now fcarce piadicable, and the Aljti:r lervin?
only for parties of plealure, a iQ,Vi barges excepted for the convevance of
wood ;
but the Elbe, which at the city, the werders or little illands in-.
eluded, is not lefs than a German mile in breadth, bcfides forming two
fpacious harbours, runs through moft parts of the ciiy in canals, which
being generally pretty broad and deep are of prodigious conveniency to the
merchants, whofe houles ftand on them. In thefc canals, as well as in the
river itfclf, even to the diftance of fome German miles above Hamburg-y
the tide ebbs and flovv'S twice a day, which is alfo in many refpeds of fervice
to the inhabitants, though not without the frequent and great inconveniency
of inundations occafioned by the nurthweft winds, at which times the
lower buildings and cellars are filled with water to the mighty detriment
of their provifions and merchandifes, efpecially if thefe inundations happen
on a fudden gult of wind from the fouth to northweft. The brid

4.62 GERMAN
T.
[Hamburg.
the direflion of it conneded with the Armcn-Ordtiiing. The peifons committed
to this place, among whom are all who are found begging in the
flreets, are put to various kinds of labour, but chiefly to the rafping
oi Brajil and other kinds of weed. To thele is to he added the Wayßnhaus,
wherein orplians are carefully maintained and educated ; the Fejtboj, which
lies without the town, and where all perfons difordered in their fenfes and
other patients are received, to the amount fometimcsof near athoufand in
number ; St. Job's hofpital, or as it is vulgarly called, the Pockenhaus, ereded
for fuch as labour under contagious difbcmpersj the Spinnhaus where proftitutes
and fuch like ofienders are confined, who in other places are condemned
to the public works ; the Gajihcius, the Schiffer-Armenhaus, with
the alms-houfes of the Holy-Gboft and St. George, which are all inftituted for
the relief of the delervJng poor. I fhall only mention the Gotteskajhn'm the
churches, the many private charitable foundations, among which are the
Gottejimhnungen, as they are called, with the free-fchools,
wherein children
are educated gratis-, the cloiilers of St. John and St. Mary Magdalen; the
convent where unmarried women may be admitted for a fmall fum, and
comfortably maintained during the refidue of their lives ; and laftly foundations
for the redemption of fea-faring perfons taken by the Corfairs of Ba?--
bary, with many others no lefs deferving of commendation. With refpedl
to the regulations made here relating to fires, every perfon who can be of
any afliftance either far or near, knows precifely the part he is to ad, particularly
the engine-v>'orkers, who belong either to the fire-ofhce, the artillery or
fliip engines, and who at certain flated periods are exercifed; the militia alfo,
of whom fome muft always be ready, on the leaft alarm with fire buckets in
their hands, and others, as a referve whoftand at places appointed for them.
Further the inftitution of the Brandwachen or hre-watchmen, which was
made about twenty years fince is alfo very worthy of obfervation. Thefe
confift of certain perfons diftinguifhed like the engine-workers, by
their white frocks and large fire-caps, who both during the winter and
fummer months, when the wind is high, or when by the long continuance
of it at eaft the canals are grown dry or (hallow, are obliged to patrole
the ffreets all night, and to make a clattering on the ftones with the poles
which they carry in their hands. For other concerns relative to the lecurity
of the city, watchmen go their conftant rounds. The buhnefs of
thefe is only to keep a look out againft any appearance of fire, and by
thefe means many fmall fires are got under at their firft breaking out.
The fortifications of the city are in the old Dutch tafle, the moats being
deep and wide, the ramparts lofty, and planted with treee, and of fuch
a breadth too, that feveral carriages may go abreaft. On thefe ramparts
The number of baftions round
every one has the liberty of taking the air.
the town is twenty-four, with fome out-works, particularly thofe called
the Stcrncbanze and the Neuewerk. The latter is properly only a line regularly

Hamburg.] GERMANY. 463
larly fortified and inclofing the ftreets, houfes and gardens, hy fome called
the Ntuen IVerk or the fuburb of St. Geo7-ge. The Hamhu7'gcrbe7-g may
be ftiled a fiiburb, but this is not environed hy any worlcs, and the
houfes on it extend ahnoft as far as Altona^ infomuch that it is only a ditch
which feparates the one from the otlier.
To the city are four capital gates, namely the Dcichthor towards the
eaft, the Steinthor ^.nd Dammthor looking towards the north, and the
Millcrnthor to xh&Wi:^. But befulcs thele there are too fmalter ones tov/ards
the fouth, namely the Brcckthor and the Sandthor, both leading to
the Grasbrock, bat thefe are not fo much frequented, as the two entrances
in the lame qairter by water from the Elbe, that is to fay the Upper and
Lower-Baum. Through the latter pafs all fliips going to or coming from fea.
Every morning at the opening of it is fcen a multitude of boats and fmall
barks, whofe cargoes confift of milk, fruits, and all kind of provifions, all
rulhiing in at the fame time. And in this manner the country people, who
are for the nTift part under the neighbouring iurifdidlion, together with
a greater number of otliers on the land fide in carriages, as likewife moft
of the neighbouring peafantry daily bring in part of the fubfiftence neceffary
to the city, and on the other hand return home with their own.
To the north of the town is alfo another entriince by water, or a Baiini from
the ylljh'r, which in this part runs into the city, fo as to form a kind of lake
in it, which is included however within the fortifications. Here alfo in fummer
time the inhabitants divert themfelvesin barges, of which the larger fort that
have a cabbin, are called Arks. Near this part too of the Al/ier is a walk,
confifting of a double row of trees of confiderable length, which in fummer
evenings is crowded with people, and called the yunfernßü'g (or the young
ladies walk) and from hence the (Ireet in which it lies has obtained the
fame name.
The ^^?^rthus entring the city brings with it this advantage, that It not
only drives fome mills within the town, in like manner as others are driven
by the Elbe, but likewifi; by means of aquedudts is conveyed into feveral
houfes, yet fo that by the ihaices near the mills, on any dangerous inundation
of the Alßer lake it may be let into the Elbe, as this latter on the
appearance of a flood, may be turned into the Alfler.
The churches of Hamburg with their lofty fteeples make a grand aiDpearance.
The moft remarkable of thefe is the Great-church, or that of
St. Michael in the Neuftadt, which latter, together with the church itfelf,
was deftroyed by lightning in the year 1750, and as yet the church is not
entirely completed, nor any thing done to the tower. The four principal
churches in the Altfladt are thofe of St. Peter, St. Nicolas, St. Catharine
and St. James. The tower belonging to the cathedral is about the fiime
height with thofe above-mentioned, and though it leans as if juH: falling, yet
on account of the beauty of its architedure the danger attending it has hitherto
been

464 GERMANY, [Flamburg.
been overlooked. Exclulivc of thefe capital chiirclies, the largenefs of
which may bt; conjedlured froii the linallnels of" tlicii number, there are
Oihers annexed to them, as namely thofe of S . yohn^ St. Mary Magdalen and
St. Michas!^ the laft of which iü a fmall new chui\.h, together with thofe
of the Holy-Ghcß and St, Gertrude. Some of the alms-houfes here have alfo
churches annexed to them, particularly the Orphmi-houjc and the Bridewell.
In all thefe feveral churches is fomething or other worthy of notice, fuch
as tombs, fplendid altars, pulpits, organs, paintings and the like. The
tower of St. Peter has two fets of chimes belonging to it, one of which
plays by clock-work ; but thofe of St, Nicolas far furpafs them. The
latter play every morning very early, and likewife at one o'clock in the
afternoon, as alfo on all teftivals and folemnities : they bear fome refcmblance
to the celebrated chimes at Dormßadt, and are faid to be the work
of the fame arti(f, St, Catharine'^ tower is very like that of St. Mary\ at
Zwickau, and diftinguiflied for the elegant grandeur of its architedure,
*
and the gilt crown on its fpire.
The public edifices of the city are wanting in nothing fo much as in
outward flatelinefs. The Guildhall cannot be viewed without wifliing
Hamburg had a better, though it has lately received fome embellifhment
from the new court-houfe erecfled there. The other ftrudtures
here are chießy worth feeing for their utility, and the prodigious quantity
of fhores in them, fuch as the building yard, the arfenal and two
armouries j and a ftranger who has never feen a number of large fhips
together at one time, cannot but behold the Baumhavfe on the EJbe with
aftonifhment. The lovers of old Rbenißj^ who have not before fatiated
themfelves at Strafzburg or Bremen^ will not fail to vifit the corporation
cellar here. There are indeed a great number of inns in the town, but
of thefe few are large enough to entertain foreigners with all their attendants,
every part of the city being fo clofely built upon, and the infides of
the houles withal not fo judicioufly difpofed as in other places of a more
modern date, fo that the want of conveniency in this refpeft, does by no
means correfpond with the plenty of all kinds of provilions and liquors in
it. With regard to the conftitution and form of government here, it has,
and that more efpecially in 1708, when the perpetual difturbances at
Hamburg occafioned an Imperial commiflion to be fent thither, been
fettled on a footing the moft agreeable, that is its former laws, cuftoms
and equity, infomuch that it exhibits a perfedl model of a well conflituted
State.
The exercife of certain Regalia here appertains folely to the magiftracy,
but in all affairs of general concern the burghery aflift at the deliberations,
and in order to give validity to any motion made by the magiftracy in
cafes relative to the joint affembly of the magiftracy and people, the
confent of both fides is required. All points touching the impofition of
taxes

Hamburg.] GERMANY. 465
taxes and new laws, are by the magiftracy laid before the firft college of
the burghery, then before the fccond, next before the third, and laftly
before the whole body, and on the approbation of both clafTes is termed
a decree of the magiftracy and burghery, or fimply a Rccefz.
The magiftracy is at prefent compofed of thirty-feven perfons, or more
ufually of thirty-fix, that is to fay, four burghermafters, four fyndics,
twenty-four aldermen, and four fecretaries, of whom one is prothonotary,
and another afts as recorder ; but the votes are limited to the burghermafters,
and the aldermen, of the firft of whom one mufl; be a trader, and of the
latter thirteen traders and the reft graduates. All members of the magiftracy
are chofen by the burghermafters and aldermen only, the former of whom
are elected out of the body of the aldermen, and thefe again out of the
common council, and both by ballot ; but the fyndics and fecretaries are
chofen from among the graduates in the common council, and that by a
majority of votes. Any perfon eleded into the magiftracy, and declining
the office muft depart the city.
The burghery of Hamburg are divided into five pariflies, agreeably to
the five capital churches above-mentioned. The firft college of the
burghery is compofed of the Oberalten, which confifts of three out of
each parifli ; the next is the college of the Sechziger, being of every parifh,
befides the Oberalten, nine Diacoiii, who are fo called as holding fome
office in the parifli where they refide, and for which they are elected.
Next to thefe is the college of the Himdertachtziger, which confifts of the
SecbJ'zigers and twenty-four fubdeacons of each capital church. To thefe
every parifli further adds fix adjimSli, who are obliged to make their appearance
only at the meeting of a general cominon council
along with the
former, and into fuch parochial aflemblies are likewife admitted all
burghers who are fo inclined, provided they are pofilefl^ed of the qualifications
required, the principal of which is the ErhgefeJJe?iheit or hereditary
fettlement, the meaning of which is, that a burgher fliall dwell in a houfe of
his own within the city, and be at leaft polfefied of looo rixdollars in
fpecie, or of 2000 in immoveable goods within the jurifdidion of the
fame, and that too in free money, over and above the fum for which it
may be mortgaged.
The management of the public revenues is committed to ten burghers,
two out of every parifh, who continue in office fix years, at the expiration
of which a new election comes on, which is performed partly by votes and
partly by ballot. Thefe are ftiled die Verordnete der Kammerey or deputies
of the treafury. Of thefe and the above-mentioned offices, as alfo of
others belonging to the city, which are for the moft part filled by members
of the magiftracy or common-council, a particular account may be feen
in the Hamburg State Almanacks.
It is now above two hundred years fince Lutherafjifm has been the
Vol. VI. O o o eftabliihed

466 GERMANY. [Hamburg.
eftabliflied religion of this city, and no other pubhc exercife of religion is
tolerated here. In the mean time both Papifts and Cahinijh have an opportunity
of attending worrtiip at the envoys of the Emperor, and other
Sovereigns, to the Circle oi Lower-Saxony who refide in the city j and the
Rnglißoy whofe merchants form a company here, have divine iervice performed
in a building called the EngUjh-houje. The Hamburg clergy, thofe
of the country included, amount in all to fifty-three perfons. Each of
the five capital churches has a head minifler, and three or even four
Diaconi belonging to it. The principal ccclefiartic here is fiiled the Senior,
who is chofen by the magiftracy, and is ufually the eldeft of the five head
miniflers. On Sundays there are lour fermons in mofl: of the churches,
and on every week day one at leafi in three places. The regulations refpefting
church affairs, fuch as the appointment of faftdays, feftivals and the
like, are determined by the magiftracy in conjun(flion with the abovementioned
college of the Sechzigers. Thofe cafes which in other parts are
termed confiftorial, at Hatnburg come under the recognizance of the
civil power. --'«,-=:..-
Having mentioned its ecclefiaftical State it will be proper to fay a word
of the cathedral chapter here. Its conftitution can no where be better
feen than in the words of the tenth article, §, 7, of the peace of Weßphalia,
according to which his Imperial Majeily with the confent of the
whole Empire, wholely and abfolutely ceded to the crov/n of Siveden, all
the powers and prerogatives which the archbilhop of Bremeii enjoyed over
the chapter of Hamburg and its diocefe, with a referve however of the
feveral rights belonging to the houfe of Holßein, the city of Hamburg and
the chapter itfelf. But the dutchies of Bremen and Verden being by the
peace of the north, transferred in 171 9 to the eledoral houfe of Brunjivick-
Lüneburg-, the chapter oi Hamburg was involved in this revolution. But how
this chapter came to be fubjedl to the archbifliops oi Bremen is a point of very
ancient hiftory. The Emperor Charles the Great had formed a defign of
ereifling an archbidiopric at Hatnburg, and that all the northern nations
flaould be comprehended in its province. This devout fcheme his fon the
Emperor Leids the Pious in fome mcafure accompliflied. The name of
the firft archbiiliop oi Hamburg, who was called >r^;/^Vj^/"/^!^, is ftiU preferved
there, feveral places being ftiled after him, as for inftance the 6'f/^/zr market
the Schar gate, and the Schar gate bridge. But the archbifhops oi Hamburg, by
the frequent aflaults of the adjacent pagan nations were at length obliged
to feek fafety at Bremen, and this afterwards occaiioned long and violent
contefts between the two churches relative to the real place of their fee,
till in 1223 it was decided that the arch-epifcopal dignity fhould from
that time be held by the church of Bremen. The chapter at prefent confifts
of nobles and men of letters. The principal officer in it is theprovofl
of the cathedral. Next to him is the Dean, who prefides in the chapter,
with

Hamburg.] GERMANY.
467
with eleven canons, a fyndic and a fecretary. To it alfo belong fome
minor canons, as likewile a certain number of 'uicarii imtnunes, who are
under the jurifdidion of the chapter, whereas the other vicars are fubjeä:
to that of the city ; but the former forfeit this immunity if they marry a
burgher's daughter.
The Hamburg courts are divided into extrajudiciary and judiciary inflances,
and no caufe can be brought before the judiciary, unlefs referred
thither by an extrajudiciary, or unlefs a citation to fuch court has been
granted. The chief extrajudiciary inflance is to the magiftracy by preferring
a petition to them, but there are feveral others, fuch as to the
two burgher-mafters, who are changed every year, to the two pra?tors, to the
lords of manors, &c. The judiciary courts are the following, viz. the
court of admiralty for naval caufes, the bailiwick court for the companies
of trade, the country courts, the Niedergericht or lower court for all other
affairs of the city, and the Obcrgericht which is compofed of the magiftracy.
Any party who thinks himfelf aggrieved by the inferior courts may
appeal to the Obergericht ^ from which no appeals lie but to the ^«//V-council
or
other Imperial colleges.
The court of admiralty befides taking cognizance of naval caufes, is
invefted, jointly with the city treafury, with the care of the fupport and
improvement of its navigation. The treafury is particularly to fee that all
proper meafures be taken for the fafety of fliips, efpecially thofe of burden
going out or coming in on the Elbe, from the city to the river's
mouth. For the Elbe being full of fand banks, and thefe often (liifted
by the force of the waters wadiing away the fand, befides great attention,
certain marks alfo of thefe alterations are neceflary to point out the
places, where the depth of v/ater affords a fife channel, as well as the faid
flioals and flats, fo that there are conftantly floating in the Elbe a hundred
large buoys, fome white and others black, all fortified with iron hoops and
terminating at the lower part in a point. Thefe buoys are moored with
chains and flones. The fartheft of them at the river's mouth is called the
7?t'^ buoy, and in wintertime inflead of the buoys, which are moft expofed
to the danger of the ice, are placed fmall machines like thofe called ice
beacons. Not to mention the company of pilots here which is fubordinate
to the admiralty, and has a captain, as alfo two veflels, one of which
always cruizes at the entrance of the Elbe, the other regulations for the
fecurity of navigation, are the paiifadoe at Ritzebuttel, a bailiwick belonging
to Hamburg, lying at the mouth of the Elbe, and containing a few hamlet^
the bailiff of which is always an alderman, and continues^in office for fix
years. This work is under the infpeclion of a member of the city magiftracy,
the treafury and the admiralty who compole the paiifadoe commiffion.
To it are to be added fix beacons, fome flanding in the part
belore-metioned, others on a little ifland fituated at a fmall diilance above
O o o 2 it.

468 GERMANY. [Hamburg.
it, and called the Neuewerk. Thefe latter are large and for the moft
part built of wood, being difcernible alfo a good way off, and having on
one of them a light-houfe. The pharos or Helgeland is maintained there
by the city with the King oi Denmark' 6 permiflion. Lafl of all is to be
mentioned the fpacious harbour of Ritzcbiittel, otherwife called Cuxhaven,
where on any exigencies all fliips either outward or homeward bound
find a fafe retreat. The immenfe charges of all thefe regulations are defrayed
by the admiralty and treafury, feme jointly, but others feparately.
The right of tolls as granted by particular patents from the Emperor
took its rife, as the tolls alfo do their name, from the above-mentioned
Neuewerk, and the beacons, though the toll-office agreeably to the
aforefaid patents has been removed from Cuxhaven to the city. Thus
the motive for granting thofe patents was to encourage and fupport the
eftablifliments formed by the city at the mouth of the E/lfe, for the general
advantage of commerce.
Exclufive of thefe tolls Hamburg has alfo impofls of divers kinds, as on
beer, brandy, wine, flefli and meal, but all very moderate. That on
meal is called Matten, being a Icw-german word fynonimous with Maiith,
which fignifies an import or gabel. Here are likewife ftated contributions
which are paid annually, particularly the afleffment on effeds and immoveables,
but moft of thefe, fuch as the tax on burials, and head money,
with the ^artprocent, and the like, muft be previoully agreed to in a
common council of the magiflracy and burghery.
Formerly the principal occupation of the inhabitants (commerce excepted)
confifted in brevv'ing and the cloth manufacture ; and even to this very
day, the companies, of which each has its appointed patron in the corporation,
enjoy many privileges.
At prefent the principal manufadory here, is beyond difpute, the fugar
refinery, for which, whether it be owing to the quality of the water, or
whatever be the caufe, Hamburg has hitherto, been diftinguiHied. The
cotton, flocking, gold-thread, ribbon and velvet manufadures here, with
others, are greatly efteemed abroad.
With refped to its feveral branches of commerce, linen, cloth, filkware,
wine, fugar, coffee, colours, fpices, metals, tobacco, wood, leather,
grain, dried and ialt-fifli, train oil and furs are accounted the mofl confiderable
of them ; though this point is not eafily afcertained, the merchants
here buying up all kinds that offer, and the convenient fituation of the
city drawing thither a great variety. Here we are not to omit the Pm/^cz^r^«/
publilhed at certain ftated times as a news paper, and fpecifying the courfe
of exchange, with the price which every commodity and merchandife bore
lad on the exchange. The multitude of Hamburg merchants, among
whom are not included any felling by weight or the ell, with the no lefs
number of brokers, Chrißiam and Jfiw, can at no time be better obferved,
than

Hamburg.] GERMANY, 469
than about one at noon, that being the hour of full change. This building
which fronts the guildhall is half covered and half open, being compofed of a
covered piazza and an area. A particular commilTion is appointed to examine
all affairs, immediately relating to the advantage and improvement of commerce.
The members of this commiffion are merchants, one of whom
goes out of office every year, and a fenior of the maflers of fliips. Thefe
are called the commerchiniy and meet in a place adjoining to the exchange,
where the commercial library is kept. If the books in this library are not
very numerous, they are neverthelefs all valuable for their ufefulnefs.
Another uncommon benefit to the merchants of Hamburg is the fpecie
bank, eredled there in 1619, and which for the goodnefs of its credit
and prudent regulations is by no means inferior to any even the moll
fiourifhing. With the bank is connefted the corn money, by which the
granaries are kept well flocked for fupplying the poor with meal at a low
rate, as alfo the mintage. This lad: royalty, which it holds by charters from
the Empei-ors, it has always exercifed, Hamburg ducats being to be feen of
every year for a long time paft, not to mention the Banco-Portugalefer, of
which thofe called whole, weigh ten, and the half ones five, ducats. Of
filver money it coins alfo very large quantities. The ftandard obferved here
is precifely the fame with that oi Lübeck, that is to fay, that in the large and
fmall pieces down to the Doppelfchillings or heavy good Grofchers, inclufive,
the mark of fine filvcr, make no more than eleven rixdoUars and three
quarters. Accordingly the fame refpecSive coins are current in each of
thefe two cities.
With regard to the flate of carving and the fine arts at Hamburgh it
may be afiirmed that they are held there in great efl:eem, and nothing
omitted for the encouragement of them. 1 he memoirs of the learned
mention but a fmall number of perfuns natives of Hamburg, v/ho were
eminent for their knowledge in all the branches of fcience ; but far greater
is the number of thofe whofe merits were known only to their fellow
citizens. Hamburg may be faid to abound in libraries, there being fcarce
a church in it without one j but that of the Gymnafmm is indifputably the
largeft, as having received a very noble addition by Mr. Wolf\ donation. For
the private libraries, the number of which may be concluded from the
frequency of auctions of books here, that of Mr. Richey is the mofl: confiderable.
Belonging to the Gymnajhan are fix profefibrs, and ledures are
read there, as at the univerfities, though without any public or ordinary
introdudion to the three chief faculties, which deficiency however is in
fome meafure fupplied by extraordinary leftures. The principal fchool zt
Hamburg is that of St. John, which as well as the Gyrnnaßum is under the
infpedion of the Scholarchi, who are an alTembiy cornpofcd of the eideft
members of the magiflracy, with the live paflors of the bead churches,
and the whole body'of tlie Oberalten, This fchool conufts of ei"ht clafies
the

470 G E R M A N r. [Hamburg.
the firft of which has both a redor and correftor. There are befides
liere feveral other public fchools,
as for inftance thofe of the other churches,
among which that of St. Michael is one of the largeft, with many charitvfchools.
\\\ a word few places equal Hamburg in its feveral inftitution's,
both for the liberal and religious education of youth. Among the fine arts
mufic is particularly encouraged here, but its patrons are under great
apprehenfions, that the fplendid opera-houfe which laft year had i

Hamburg.] GERMAN Y.
471
account of the city of Hamburg, with the feveral privileges from time to
time conferred on it, as alfo of its dependencies, and plans of the fame, is
to be met with in a hatin piece, juft publifhed by Mr. Klefeker the fyndic, a
gentleman who has deferred greatly of his native city. The title of this
piece is Curcp Geographica, and in p. 1 7 is a map of the iflands in
1
the
Elbe, fituated near Hainburg, in p. 1 1 9, (ßc. maps of the city and its diftrift,
and in p. 458, ^c. plans of the three Hanje-toijcm oi Lubeck, Bremen and
Hamburg. In p. 479, &c. the lafl: and more efpecially what relates to
its geography is treated of in a very judicious manner.
The charters conferred by the Emperors of Germany, the Kings of
Denmark, the Dukes and Counts of Hcljtein and other powers, on Hamburg
as conneded with the HanJ'e-ioivns, and for itfeif in particular, are fo numerous
that it would be tedious to recount them all. Its immediate dependence
on the Empire, which was adjudged to it at Speyer in°i6i8 by a decree
of the öz^/zV-council, is indeed ftill difputed by the houfe of i?o^/w/, particularly
by the King of Denmark^ and it forbears voting at the Diet
though conftantly fummoned thereto, ever fince the above decree. It
however exercifes every branch of municipal and territorial prerogative
without any moleftation, and a good harmony betwixt it and the crown of
Denmark has been cllabliflied on a folid footing, by the agreement obtained
in 1736 from Chr/Jiian VI. in which agreement, as likewife in the convention
of ^//o?/« in 1740, relating to the limits of their refpeftive territories,
the principal differences are removed, fuch as the mintage, the
Schaimibiirg houfe within the city and the boundaries oi Altona, Its moft
eflential charters have received the confirmation of his prefent Imperial
Majefty, and together with Lübeck and Bremen, Ha?nbiirg rtands recommended
to the Emperor's particular protedion, in the two moft recent
capitulations of eledlion (fee Art. 7. §. 2.)
In the matricula o'i the Empire of 1521, this city is aflefied at twenty
horfe and one hundred and twenty foot ; and in the iaft matricula of the
chamber at Wetzlar is rated at four hundred and thirty-nine rixdollars,
fifty kruitzers and a half.
Its arms are a caftle crowned with three towers, or rather as may be
feen on the ducats and other coins ftruck here, a open portal, furmounted
with three towers and a portcullis after the ancient manner. "With refped:
to the notion, that there fliould be a flinging nettle at the opening of the
portal, the confutation of that belongs to antiquaries and politicians. To
conclude with one word more relative to the hiftory of Hamburg, it being
fcarce poffible to comprehend within a fmall compafs its mofl: remarkable
paffages, without omitting fome important circumftances, let it here fuffice
ju{t to mention the fieges and ravages it underwent from the ninth to
the thirteenth century; fuch as the celebrated fiege it fuftained by the King
Qi Denmark in 1686; the inteitine broils in the Iaft, and towards the
beginning

472 GERMANY. [Bremen.
beginning of the prefent, century j its calamities and loffes by inundations,
tires and peftilences the earthquake at Lisbon and the hke misfortunes j
the prefence of Sovereigns with which it has frequently been honoured,
the treaties it has entered into with foreign powers, its former confederacy
with the Anfeatic cities, and its prefent connedion with Lübeck and
Bremen: efpecially as the hiftory of this powerful city has been circumftantially
written by more than one author, a lift of whom is prefixed to
the Munz and Medaillen-Vergnügen printed at Hamburg, and to v/hich
(hould have been added Pjeßnger in Vitriario illujlr. L. i. tit. i8. not. d.
p. 7^0,

Bremen.] GERMANY. 473
and condiudion. At the other end alfo of this bridge is a mo({. ingenious
fulling mill. In the New-town is St. Paul's a Cahiniß church, and in
the fuburbs are two more. The Calvitiiß is the eftablifhed religion here,
the whole body of the corporation at prefent profefTing it, though with
refpedt to numbers the Lutherans nearly equal them. The Papifls attend
divine worfliip at the chapel belonging to the Emperor's refident. The
corporation is compofed of four burghermafters and twenty-four counfellors
or aldermen. It is the centre of all power, and confifts of merchants and
men of letters. The merchants and tradefmen have their jlelterleute or
elders, but thefe enjoy no fliare in the government of the city. In affairs
of moment and the impofition of an extraordinary tax, the Wittheit (or
wifdom) is aflembled, the members of which are the Aelteneuten^ and
burghers paying to the affeflment. The corporation is invcfted with both
jurifdidions, but the Eledor of Brunfwick and Lüneburg by virtue of the
dutchy of Bremen, appoints a Stadtvogt, who in capital cafes pronounces
fentence with certain ceremonies. The garrifon conilfts of about fix
hundred men. Here are feveral manufadtures exclufive of a very con-
(iderable trade, and Bremen ftill bears the title of a Hanfe-town, as has
been obferved before under the article of Lübeck.
One difadvantage it labours under is that ihips of burden inflcad of
coming up to the city with their cargoes, are obliged to unlade at Brake or
Ehßeth, which lie three or four German miles below it.
This city was anciently the fee of the bifliopric, and afterwards of the
archbifhopric ofthat name, but fo early as the thirteenth century, frequent
difputes arofe between it and the bifhops and chapter. In the time of
Archbifhop Chrißopher, Bremen was in great danger. For having in
1522 embraced Lutheraiiißn, pulled down the Pauline convent without
the city, and in 1530 forcibly difpoffelTed the Papifls of the cathedral ; the
archbifliop after the battle of Muhlberg, whichwas fo fatal
to the Proteflants,
caufed it to be befieged by the Imperialißs ; but it made a ftout defence,
and was relieved by Count Mansfeld and the Hamburghers. It was with
great difficulty, however, that after the treaty of Pa/fau, the city recovered
the Emperor's favour. In 1562 under archbifhop G^ö;-^^ ^/^//^tr/, Hardenberg
openly preachedjthe Cahiniß doflrine here, and being countenanced by
burgher-mafter von Buren and great numbers of all ranks, violent diflurbances
arofe thereupon, and even part of the magiflracy left the place.
This affair being brought before the Diet of Lower-Saxony then he!d at
Liineburg, Hardenberg was filenced, and in 1568 an agreement made
between the abdicated and the new magiftracy. The foriner, however,
never returning to the city, the Cahiniß dodrine has ever fince retained its
fuperiority. Frederick the lafl archbiUTiop of Bremen was frequently at
variance with the city, as oppofing its appearance at the Diet though
formally fummoned thereto, and in 1639 he conferred the cathedral on
Vol. VI. P p p the

474- GERMANY. [Bremen.
the Lutherans, which had been ihut up ever fince the year 1568. Thefe
differences notwithftanding were in fome meafure adjufted by the treaty of
Sfnde. In 1640 Bremen was fammoned to the Diet and allowed a feat and
\cXq on i\\t Rbe/iijh bench in the college of Imperial cities. In 164831
the peace of Wejlfhalia. both the city, its dependencies and valTals were
confirmed in their State freedom, rights and privileges, as well ccclefiafticul
and civil ; and it was further ordained that all difputes at that time
fubfifting or which might hereafter arife between the city, the dutchy of
Bremen and the chapter fliould cither be amicably compofed, or decided by
Ü court of judicature, each party, in the mean time, remaining in poflefilon
of what it had. But the conflruction of thefe words, and the partition
of the lands belonging to the collegiate foundations of St. Stephen, St.
Wilhad and St. Anjgaritis, together with the homage which the city ufed
to perform to the archbifliop, and other incidents, occafioned various contcfts,
which broke out into hoflilities, infomuch that in 1654 and i 666 the
city was warmly befieged by the S'xeJes. The feveral parties, however,
came each time to terms of accommodation, though the city's freedom
of the Ernpire was left undecided. The arrival of the houfe oi Brunpivick
and Lüneburg to the pollelüGn of the dutchy of Bremen was lefs fevere,
as in 1731 it voluntarily granted the city that freedom, and all other difputes,
particularly thofe relating to the half contributions, arifing from the
four Gches, for which Bremen had for fome years pafl been in arrears, and
which were now accommodated, the city in 1741 making an entire ceffion to
the dutchy of the bailiwick of Blumenthnl, ^nd Neuktrchen]\\ü{d\£t\on, together
with the farms and falt-houfes on the Duvelfmoor. In 1757 ^^^
French got polTeflion of the city, but in 1758 haftily quitted it, and were
fucceeded by a body of Hanoverians. In the Diet of the Empire Bremen
poffeffes the eighth feat on the Rhefiijh bench in the college of Imperial
cities. Its matricular alTefllnent is three hundred and twenty florins, and
its contingent to the chamber at Wetzlar, one hundred and forty-eight
rixdoUars, fixty-feven kruitzers and a half
The territory oi Bremen is divided into four Gohes, z'jz. the Upper-Vieland,
the Lo\oer-Vieland, the Werderland, and the Holler and Blockland with the
diftridt of Borgfeld; but the fovereignty of eight villages lying in the
W.rderland, and the diilrid; of Borgfeld appertains to the dutchy, and their
caufes may be moved from the city-courts to the high-court of juftice at
Stade. In thefe Gohes are nine parities. To the city alfo belongs Vegefack
a harbour on the Wefer, with the civil jurifdidion over the village there,
and the juridical examination and puniiliment of petty offences. Any party,
however, thinking himfelf aggrieved by the fentence of the magiftrates,
jnay, appeal to the high court of juftice at Stade,
The

GERMANY.
The Imperial Lordßjip
o/* Schauen.
475
'TpHIS lordfliip is fituated between the principality of Ilalbcißdik zn^i
* the county of Wernigerode, at no great diftance from Ojkrwick. The
beft reprefentation of it is to be feen in the new map of the principahty of
Halberjladt.
It lies in the Circle oi Loiver- Saxony, but is not reckoned among
the States thereof It was formerly only a farm with a nianfion-houfe to
it, belonging to the abbey of Walkenrled, but in 1528 abbot Paul fold it
with all its appurtenances, for the fum of 3000 /?^f;;//7^ gold guilders, to
Botho Count of Stollberg and Wernigerode, with a referve, however, of the
right of redemption at the expiration of a certain number of years.
Afterwards,
the counts of StoUherg intending to make over fome of its lands
to their creditors, fuch intention was lirongly oppofed by Hebafiian PcUmann
prior oi Walkenried, who to prevent the faid alienation, in 161 r
came to an agreement with Statz -von Mancbhaujen, that on depofiting
the fum of 5500 rixdollars he fliould be put in polfeflion of the farm of
Schauen, and hold the fame as a fief from Duke Henry Julius, bii'hop of
Halberjladt, and adminiftrator of the abbey of Walkenried, but that the
Duke and Bifliop on every vacancy of the fief, fliould pay unto the abbey
two hundred rixdollars, which the latter was to transfer to the faid Statz von
Munchhaufen or his heirs. But on the extindion either of the Duke and
his heirs, or of Statz von Munchhaufen and his heirs, the abbey of Walkenried
was not to re-enter into polfeffion of this farm, till it had firfl;
paid down the fum of 2000 Rheniß:/ golden guilders, either to the Duke's
relations or to thofe of Statz von Munchhaufen. Duke Frederick Ulrich
redeemed the farm out of Munchhaufen\ hands, for the fum of 65000 rixdollars,
and fettled it on the chapter oi Halberßadt, in return for their eledlion
of him to the bilfiopric. But afterwards the Dukes of B-runfwick and Lunc- '
burg lofing all hopes of acquiring the hifliopric of Halbaßadt, renewed
their pretenfions to the farm, and at the treaty of Weßphalia in 1648 it was
definitively adjudged to belong to them, as a fief which they were to hold of
the Emperor and Empire ; and the inveftiture thereof was accordingly
granted them in 1651 by theEmperor Ferdinand III. and again in 1668 by
the Emperor Leopold. At length, namely in 1672, the Dukes George William
and Erneß Augußus, and in 1680 Duke Rodolphus transferred this lordfliip,
with the whole fovereignty thereof to George Frederick count of Waldeck,
in confideration of his affiftance in reducing the town of Brunfivick. Accordingly
in 1684 he received the Emperor's inveftiture, but in 1689 with
the Emperor's confent, fold it again to Otho Groten, whofe dcfcendant's
are Barons, and at prefent the proprietors of it.
*
P p p 2 By

.6 GERMANY.
[Mumpelgard.
By way of conclufion to this Circle it is not wholy improper to take
notice of a certain ridiculous article, in the matricula of the Empire,
which is no fmall b'emifli to it. Among the States of Lower-Saxony it
reckons the dutchy of Maajz^ with a matricular afleflment to it of twelve
horfe, and one hundred and thirty-five foot, or of fix hundred and eighty-four
florin«, yet obferves that the Duke or Dutchy of Mr.vj/z is no longer in
bein"-, and that the King of Poland is the prefect podeflbr of it. Here the
Dutchy on the MaaJ'z or of Bouillon^ being by a very ftrange miftake inferred
in the matricula of Lower-Saxony, is confounded with Mafovia in Poland.
At firft the fituation of the faid dutchy was not known, but on a fuppofition
of finding it in MafoinUy no difficulty was made in demanding of the
King of Poland, as poffefTor of it, a contribution towards the fund for
carrying on the war againfl; the Turks.
Two Countries immediately depending on the Empire,
and belonging to none ofthe Circles above-mentionediy
that is to Jay the Principality and County of
Lordßoip of Asch.
Mumpelgard and the
LIES
Tlie Prhicifality aj^d Couniy of MUMPELGARD,
between the diocefe o{ Bafel, the county of Burgundy, (otherwife
called Franche Comte) the dutchy of Lorrain and the Sundgau. The beft
view of it is to be had in the maps of the county of Burgundy, namely
in thofe publiflied by Jaillot, Sanfon, Vijfcher, Hotnann and others;
Neither the Circle of the Upper-Rhine nor that of Swabia admit it among
their States. It had anciently particular counts of its own, who came to
a period in 1395, in the perfon ofCount Henry, whofe daughter Henrietta
being married to Count Eberhard, the younger, oiWurtemberg, the county of
Mu?npe'gard efcheated to him and his pofterity, and afterwards became
an appenage of the Princes of Wurtemberg. The laft Mumpelgard line
had for its founder Duke Leopold Frederick, who dying in 1631,
was fucceeded in the government one after the other, by his two fons
Leopold Frederick and George, the latter of whom had for lucceiTor his fon
Leopold Eberhard, who died in 1723. In 1723 and 1739 the barons
and haroncH'iS de I' Efperance were hy the j^ulic council, declared incapable
of the princely dignity or of inheriting the principality of Mumpelgard, and
in 1747 the King of France alfo paffed a fentence of illegitimacy againft
them, annulling all their claims to the lordfliips appertaining to the
county of Mumpelgard within the French territories, and affigning them
onlj

Afch.] GERMANY. 477
only a bare fubfiftence out of the fame. At length, namely in 1758, an
Imperial commiffion being appointed for a decifive accommodation
between them and Duke Charles Eugene of Wurtemberg, it was decreed
that they Hiould upon oath renounce all claim to the arms and name of
Mumpelgard^ on condition that the faid Dukes fliould annually pay them the
fum of 14,000 florins.
The reigning Duke of Wurtemberg appoints a governor over this country >
who alfo is prefident of the college of regency. The county itfelf
confifts of
I. The principality and county of Mumpelgard properly fo called, and
containing
1. Mumpelgard or Motnpelgard, m French Montbeillard, the capital of the
country, lying on the river Alaine, which at a fmall diftance from thence
unites itfelf with another ftream called le Doux. This city is the refidence
of the governor, and the feat alfo of the regency and a fuperintendency.
In the palace church here divine fervice is performed in German, but in
the parifli church the language ufed is French. Inthefuburbs likewife is
a French congregation and church. The Gymnafium has but three paftors
belonging to it.
2. The parilhes of Abevillen, Audincotirt, AUenjoie, Bavans, Bethencourt,
Beutal, Clairgoutte, Couthenans, Dejandans, Dale, Etoupes, Eflobon, MandeurCy
St- Julien, 'Tremoins and Vellantigney.
II. The following feven lordfliips, which are incorporated with the
principality of Mumpelgard, but are at prefent fiefs of France, namely
1. The lordfhip of Hericourt.
2. The lordfhip of Chatelot, on the river Doux.
3. The lordHiip of Blamont.
4. The lordlhip of Ckmont.
5. The lordfliip of Gratjges.
6. The lordfliip of Clerval.
7. The lordfliip of Pajjai^ant, containing the little town of that name.
T'he Lordßoip of A s c H,
'T^HIS lordfliip lies between the capitanate of Hof in the principality f
^ Culmbach and the bailiwick of Wunfiedel, tiie territory of Eger belonging
to the Kingdom of Bohe?nia, and the Circle of the Fogeland in the
eledlorate of Saxony. The beft rcprefentation of it is to be met with in
Homann'i map of the principality of Culmbach. It belongs to Baron
Zedwitz, and exclufive of the market tov.'n of Jfcb, contains alfo about
twenty villages.
7be

478 GERMANY,
The three Circles of the Nobility in Swabia, Franconia and on
the Rhine, 'which hold immediately of the Empire.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
^T~*'HE free nobility holding immediately of the Empire, are according
-• to Mr. Mofer's account of them in his delineation of the prefent political
conititution of the Germanic Empire b. 5. c. 2. a body or fociety
united under certain regulations and endowed with divers privileges. Of them
lome are counts, but the greater part barons, or perfons defcended from
noble families, who together with their eftates, generally hold immediately
of the Empire and Emperor. They are divided into the three Circles of
Sivabia, Franconia and the Rhine. All the three have one general direcloriiim
which is triennial and held alternately by each, but to every Circle is
atfigned a particular diredor ; and further each place or canton has its own
diredor or captain, with certain appropriated diftridts, or dirediorfliips
annexed to it. The meetings of the nobility are either general,
as when the direSioria or even the committees of the three feveral Circles
of the nobility or of every canton aflemble ; or particular, that is to fay of
a fingle Circle, when the directories meet feparately or jointly with the
committees of all the cantons of a Circle, or elfe when a local convention
is held, at which are prefent all the refpedlive members of a canton, or as
is mofl ufually the cafe, when a committee Diet meets, which is compofed
of the directors and committee men of each canton only,
affifted by
the confultants, &c. belonging to it. The admiffion of new members
depends vvholy on the pleafure of the nobility, which has gradually
obtained confiderable privileges of the Emperors. Though they fit not
in the Diets of the Empire and Circle, yet are they in fome refpedls accounted
a flate thereof. In a preffing exigency or general war made upon
the Empire, they are tied up to perfonal fervice, but not to any contribution
of men or money, though at prefent they are difpenfed even from the
firfl:, in confideration of a fum of money to be paid to the Emperor under
the i\\.\t oi Charitativ-Subßdien, and under an inftrument that the fame fhall
not be to their detriment. This money they levy on their vafials, and
the Emperor receives it without placing it to account. They pay nothing
to the chamber at Wetzlar. For their other privileges, I refer the reader
to the above-mentioned work of Mr. Mofer. At prefent I am not able to
furnifli an entire and complete lift of the feveral eftates belonging to
every Circle, canton and place. Befides which I alfo want room to fpecify
their fjtuations, to give defcriptions of them and to name their proprietors.
A detail of thefe particulars requires a feparate volume, but in the mean
time, the reader will kindly accept of this firft. eflliy towards a particular
account of the ftates and places holding immediately of the Empire.
5 "The

GERMANY.
The Nobility Circle of Swabia.
479
'T^HE nobiliary Circle of Sivabia confifts of five places or cantons, as
-''
they are called, namely
I. That of the DONAU or DANUBE, the
fummoning place or Canton.
The principal lordfliips, market-towns, villages and hamlets, in which are
Great and Little-Achhaufen.
Achßetten, a feat on the river Rottam.
Altenweiler, fituated near Warthäufen.
Almendingen.
Delmenfmgen^ a market-town, fituated
not iar from the Danube.
Dietingen, lying not far komArnegg.
Dirlauinge?!.
Altheim. Under-Dijjen, near Lech.
Halb. Eberjpach, and its appurtenances.
Under-Angelberg.
Eber/lall, a feat not tar from Jetingen.
Anhojen.
Egeljingen.
Arnegg, on the river Blau not far Egli?2gen or OegUngen on the Alb.
from Ulm.

48o GERMANY. [Swabia.
Grouen.
Grutrzheim.
Grwicnbach, a feat lying near the
nuuket-town of that name, and
belonging to Count Fugger.
Ilaimhofen, with its appurtenances
on the river Sdmnittcr.
HaldeNivang, a lordfliip.
Harthaufen.
Haufen.
Heifehburg.
Upper and Under-Heimerttngen,
both
fituated on the Her, and belonging
to Count Fugger,
Herliiigen.
Hettuigetiy
a fmall town and feat on
the Alb, near the river Lauchert.
Heydorf lying not far from the
Danube.
Heyfchtifchbach.
Himerding.
Hirbel,
a lordHiip.
Hohenreichen-t fituated not far from
Wertingen.
Hopferau.
Horn.
Horflein.
Hiinderfingm,
Hundfriet.
Ichenhaufen, a market-town, lying
not far from the Gunz.
""jetingen, a market-town, with a
feat on the river Mindel.
llereichheitn, a lordfliip fituated on
the 7/fr, with the market-town and
feat of that name, and belonging
to a line of the Counts of Lintburg-Styrum,
llerdißeny a joint feat and markettown
not far from the Her.
Kettnacker.
Kirchdorf or Kuhrdorf^ with its
appurtenances.
Klingenßcin.
Kfioringeny
a lordfliip.
Kuh'wi}igen.
Kronburg, a feat not far from the Her.
Great and Little-Landßroß, both
lying on the river Danube.
Laupheim, a market-town with two
feats on the
Lauterbronn.
Machbronn.
Magolfjcim.
Under-Marchthal,
Matzenßefz.
Mayfenburg.
Mittelbibrach.
river Rottam,
Mofzbeyreuy belonging to the Count«
of Stadion.
Munßerhaufen, fituated on the river
Mindel.
Neiß'ra or Nuifray a market-town
lying on the Alb.
Neuburg an der Rambach,
New- Steufzlingen.
Oelfingen.
a feat.
Ochfenbronn.
Oßngen, a lordfliip lying on the
Danube.
Ogelß.^aufen.
Omatingen.
Oppenbronn.
Orfetihaufen, a market-town fituated
on the river Weßerlich.
Oßerberg, a feat and barony not far
from Ilereichheitn.
Oßerzell.
Ottenweiler, with its vogtey.
Rechtenßein.
Reifenfpurg,
Remß.^ardt, and its appurtenances.
Reneftark.
Rieden.
Riethalfen.
Rifztieffen, a feat and market-town
lying on the river Rifz.
Hohen and Lower-Ronau, on the
Kamlach,

.
.
Swabia.]
Kamlach, the former a feat, the
latter a market-town.
Kottenbach.
Rotenßein, a feat not far from the Her.
Vnder-Rotb.
Rothrieden.
Schlipjheif?i.
XJpper-SalmeJidingen
Schnirpßifrgen.
Schwaickhaufen
Schwendi, a market-town and feat on
the river Wejlerlich, both belonging
to Count Olting,
Siejfenberg.
SoHetiberg.
Solßetten.
Upper- Sobzingen .
Tipper-Speyer.
Upper and Under-Stadion.
Stein zmn Stein, a lordfliip and feat
on the Gu?iz.
Steinkirchen.
Stetten,
near
Upper and Under-Stotzingen, a feat
and market-town lying between
Giindelfingen and Langcnau.
II. The Canton
and
The principal
are the following :
Achberg.
Almijzhoff'en,
Althaufz,
Anhart.
Anzell.
Arier.
Aulefingen.
Each or Bachen.
Beda.
Berg.
Beuren.
Vol. VI.
lordfliips,
viz.
GERMANY,
Streitberg.
Sulzburg, with its appurtenances, a
feat lying in the vale of Lenninger.
Tijcbingen.
Upper- Uhnetiftgen.
Veld.
Velheim on the Iler^ in the barony
of Rauchlin.
Waal
Wachaim.
Wahlßetten.
Wald, belonging to the Counts
Fugger.
Waiden, a fortified market-town.
Waldkirch.
Wertingen, a lordfhip with a fmall
town and feat belonging to Baron
Pappenheim.
Wilflingen.
Wippingen.
Wernau and its
Zayferß.-)ofen.
Zweiffelsberg.
appurtenances.
Zivifalten, a village lying not far
from the Danube.
of the HEGAU, ALGAU
BODENSEE:
market-towns, villages and hamlets, in which
l^oli^
Bietingen belonging- to Baron Horn'
ßein.
. Bilafingen'
Binningeii.
Bingen.
Bitelfchiefz.
Bitzenhofen.
Blumeneck, a lordfhip appertaining
^° ^^^ imperial dhh&y ofWeingarten.
Blumenfeld.
Bodman, a market-town fituated near
Q q q
the
481

GERM
4-2
the Bodeulake and giving name to
Boll.
a baron's family.
Bollingen.
Biirfzingen.
Bulfzheim.
Biijlngen,
Dahraberg.
Daiibcrg.
Dorßingen.
Dutchtlingen.
Ebcrfpacb.
Hohen - Efritzweiler.
Einhardt.
Frechenzell.
Freiidenegg.
Frey berg.
Gelungen .
Glafzkiitten.
Glitzweiler.
Griefenberg
of Ulm.
Halsberg.
Hartheim.
Hafenweiler.
Hayä.
Haufen on the Ach.
belonging to the baron
, without the Foreß.
Heijtißetten.
Hcrbllngen,
Hofingen.
Hohenegg.
Hohenfeh.
Hohe?iklingen.
Hohewweer.
Homburg.
Homburgerberg.
Hum.
Kargegg.
Katzenthal.
Hohen-Klingen.
Kolbingen.
Kraucheniviefz,,
Krayen.
s
A N r.
Kreit.
Krombach.
Landau.
Langenbronnen.
Langenegg.
Langenmofz.
Langenßein.
[Swabia.
Laubenberg.
Linz appertaining to the Imperial
town of Pfulkiidorf.
Magdberg.
Marbach.
Meinwang.
MenJiingen.
Merklingen.
Mockingen, belonging to Baron Bodmar.
Mollenberg.
Mühlen-, fituated
Mujidelfingen.
Neuenburg.
Neuenhofen.
Neuetithann.
Neubaufin.
Obcrflatt.
OßerzelL
on the Danube..
Owelfingen.
Ramjheim.
Upper and Under-Randegg.
Ratzefiriedt, a barony giving name
to
a family.
Rengnufzhaujen.
Riethen.
Schomburg, a lordfliip belonging to
the counts of Montfort.
Schlaft am Sand appertaining to the
Ebingers of Burg.
Old-Schrotzburg.
Sclnoagehburg.
Schweimingen.
Sengen.
Siken.
Sirgenßein-, a barony from which a:
family derives its name.
Stein,.

Swabia.]
Stei?i.
Stetten.
SteiifzlingcnJot\ong\x\gio the burghers
of Burg.
Steffeln. -
Storzehi or Starzeln.
Stiiringen.
Theyningeji.
Tigeß:eim.
Vindeck.
Vogelfang,
GERMANY.
Waldrams.
Waldfperg, a lordfliip of the houfe
of Furßcnberg.
Weiterungen belonging to the Barons
Horfjßein .
Werenwag.
Wiekt
Wo7inlingen.
Worndorf.
Wolkenberg.
Zifjimerholz.
belonging to Baron Bodmann.
aH
lies
III. The Canton on the NECKAR, the SCHWAR Z-
rVALD, (or hlack-forefl) and the ORTENAU,
I . The
Neckar and Schwarzivald Canton, the office belonging to which
at Tubingen.
Abldorf.
Baifzingen.
Bemegg.
Bettefihaiifen.
Bichriftgen.
Bierli?tgen appertaining to the Ow
family.
Blaßberg.
Dizin^ren.
T)otternhaitfen.
Durremettßetten.
Du7-ren.
Durrenhard.
Eck, belonging to Leiitrum of Er~
tingen.
Egeljtall.
Boltringen and Oberdorf, two market Eitingerthal.
towns belonging to the Counts of Eningen.
Wolkenßein, to whom they came Enzhcrg.
by a daughter of Count Otho of Ertingen, appertaining to the Leu
Eberßein. t7'um of Ertingen.
Borßingen.
Braitenau.
Brandegg.
Buhrlingen.
Buttelbronn.
Bußenweiler.
Freudeneck.
Frideck.
Gamßmm.
Geifzlingen.
Gereniweiler.
Glatt.
Crefpach, appertaining to the Leu- Gotteißngen.
trums of Ertingen.

484 G E R M A
Harihaufen, a market-town and feat
belonging to the Steins of Recb-
N r.
[Swabia.
to the Duke of Wurietiberg and

Swabia.]

.
486 G E R M A J

;
Swabia.] GERMAN!.
'
487
to ruins, with Tiettenheim a mar- ßein family.
ket-town, near which lies Graben Schnittlingen.
a village, where are ftill to be Schonbach.
feen Ibme remains of the Grabe Schotzach.
or canal, dug in 793 by order of Schnait.
the Emperor Charles the Great for Schwarzenioang.
uniting the Altmuhl with the black
Retzat or Rednitz, and for open- at this place is joined hytht Lauter.
ing a navigation out of the Da- Steinbach.
nube into the Mayn and Rhine Stetten.
Little- Siejfe)i,\y\ng on the Fils, which
as alfofeveral villages, among which Strafzdorf, a parochial-village beis
the village and convent of Soh- longing to Count Rechberg. .
lenhoffen on the Altmuhl. Thalhcim.
Ra?nbfen-Strutt. Treißelß.Hmfen, fituated at the fource
Ramsberg. of the little river Eybe.
Ravenßein. Ttifßetten, belonging to the Holz.
Rechberg, a lordfliip belonging to Trochtelfingcn.
the Counts of Rechberg, and con- Vtz77iemmingen.
taining under it Hohen-Rechberg Vtzwingen.
a mountain caftle, with feveral Wagetihofen.
other places. Waldenjiein.
Rechberghaufen, a feat lying not far Vnder-Waldßetten.
from Göppingen, and fold in 1377 Weiden.
by Duke Frederick von Teck to Wafchenheuren, a parochial-village.
the family of Hohen-Rechberg. Weifenßein, a fmall town with a
Reinach. feat, lies in Albuch and belongs to
.i»'"
Reuffenßein.
the counts of Rechberg.
Scharpfenberg.
Schaubeck.
Wilde?jßein.
Wildenfchwann.
Schechingen, a parochial-village. Winzi?7gen.
Schenckefißein.
Zatzetihaufen.
Schlat appertaining to the Lieben- Zaveljlein.
V. The C RE I C HG AU Canton having its office
ift the Imperial town oi HEILE RO N N.
In this
Adelßoofen.
Aderjpach.
Aglaßei-haufen.
Angeloch.
Canton is
'
Bargen.
Beckijigen.
Bergivaiig,.
Beuerthol.
Ardinfpach. Bifchofßm?n, a feat and village bejB
alzhofen,
longing to the family of Helmliatt.
Bietigheim

488 GERM
Bietigheim or
Bonjeld^
Buchen.
ClandizcU.
Ddffijch.
Dcrdingcn,
Dim.
Biiiihhain.
a feat of Baron Gemmingen.
Drcfchlingen, a feat appertaining to
to the Gemtningen family.
Diir7nenz.
Epfeiihach.
Erl/gbeim, belonging to the Gemmingens.
Efchelbronn.
Eyfeß:eim.
Felbertß.-'anjen.
Flamborn.
Flechingcn.
Freinberv.
Furfcld, a town and feat of the Barons
Gemmingcn.
Gartdch.
Gauangeloch.
Gemmingen, belonging to the Barons
of that name.
Gimpar.
Grujeneck.
Giindeljhdm, appertaining to Baron
Menzingen.
Hehnßatt, a fmall town already mentioned
in the Palatinate.
Upper and Under-Hemßeim.
Hirfihorn.
Hohenklingheim,
HohentraSh
Horkheim.
Ifzheim otherwife called Jfzigßeim or
Vpper-Ebidmm,
Kirchhaußn.
Klingenberg,
Kochendorf.
Konigsbach.
Kurnb ach.
ANY.
Lahren.
Linbronn.
Lindenfeh.
Mainß:eim.
[Swabia.
Mahlfperg.
Maßenbach.
Maur, fituated on the river Elfatz.
Menzingen., belonging to the Barons
of that name.
Mertelßein.
Michelbach.
Michelßeld.
Mikenheim.
Minnenberg.
Mojzbronn.
Muhlberg.
Munichzell.
Neidenßein,
a village.
Neipfen.
Neuhaußz, appertaining to the Barons
of Degenfeld.
Neiiperg.
Niebß:ei}n.
Nießern.
Northeim.
Oberkenn.
Ochfenbach.
Ochfenberg.
Odetß:oßen.
Oliveßeim.
Paurbach.
Rappenau:
Reicherßzaiißen,
Rohrbach,
Roth.
Odenheim.
belonging to the priory of
Schadenhatßen.
Schwanheim,
Schwarzach.
Schweigern, the property of Count
Neipperg, who has a prefedturate
here containing Haußen and otherplaces.
Speckbach.

Franconla.] GERMANY. 4B9
Speckbach.
Stemsfeld.
Sternfels.
Stettbach.
Stetten.
Stettenfeld.
Streichenberg.
Sunerßmm.
Wogenbach.
Waltorf.
Wefzingen.
Widern.
Wiefenloch.
Wollenberg, appertaining to the Barons
Gemmingen.
Zaberjeld.
Thalheim, belonging to the Gemmin- Zaifenhaiifen.
gen family.
Zeitern.
Vbjlatt. Zuzenhaufen fituated on the river
Ukingen.
Elfatz.
The Nobiliary Circle
ö/'Franconia.
'"T^HE nobility of Franconia, holding immediately of the Empire
•* are divided into fix places or cantons, with a captain or chief to each.
Every fix places hold a Ritterratb or fynod of the nobility, which is compofed
of four nobles, two civilians, one fecretary, one recorder and two
clerks. Of the four nobles, Odenwald eledls one, Geburg, Rhön, Werra
and Baunach two, and Steigerivald and Allmuhl one. The civilians, fecretary
and recorder are prefented by the fynod, for the approbation of the principal
perfons in the feveral places. This fynod of nobles takes cognizance
of all affairs relating to the body of the nobility. The DireSloriiim every
two years changes the four noble members, and Schweinfurt an Imperial
town, is the place where this convention meets. It fits alfo generally
three times a year. The charges of this convention are defrayed out of a
particular chefl: kept at Schweinfurt, The adual counfellors and captains
of places here were in 171 8, admitted by the Emperor Charles VI. into
the number of counfellors of the Empire, and theiix captains prefented
with a quadrangular gold crofs enamelled black, furmounted with the Imperial
crown, and having in the centre, the fpread-eagle with this infcription,
"virtuti etfidei, engraved within the name of die Emperor Charles,
as the firft
author of fo diflinguiihing a favour.
I. The Canton of TTE NIVAL D 01 DE NIVAL D,
Having its office in the Imperial town of Heilbrtnn. The places belonging
to this Canton either whoiy or in part, are as follow : viz.
Abjleinach, apper-aining to the chap- Ackeltjhaujen, at prefent belonging to
ter at Wurzburg.
the fee of Wurzburg.
Vol. VI. R r r Adelßeim,

490 GERM
Adclß.'cim, a fmall town the property
of a family of the fame name.
Albertßatifen, in the pofTeirion of the
PFolfskehh.
Aibertß:oj\ the proprietors of which
are the Eyb family.
Ailt'rß:eit?:, belonging jointly to the
families of Braudenburg-Onolzbüch
and JVolfskehl.
Altenberg,
the property of the Gctnmiiigens.
Altcnbucb, belonging to the convent
of Grünau.
Liiile-Almerfpan^ appertaining to the
families oi Scckcndcjff znA. Erffa.
Aifilifhageny the property of the
Clengels.
Angcltborn,
Palatine.
belonging to the Eledor
Arcbß.'ofen, in the pofleflion of the
Rotenhans.
Afchhaiifent together with two farms
at Oberndorf, appertaining to the
convent at Schonthal.
Afpach, belonging to the Holzes and
Holzfchuhers.
AJßumßatt, the property of the Elrichß^aujen
family.
Aiib,ii town, the fourth partofwhich,
together with the feat, and all the
market towns, villages and farms
annexed to it, belongs to the fee
of Wurzbiirg.
Aulenbach, the property of the Meyerhoffen
family.
XJpper-Balbach, belonging to the
Zobels.
Under-Balbach, appertaining to the
Teutomck order.
Bauerlbach, to the families of Seckendorf
and Erffa.
Baumen-Erlenbach, to Baron Berlichi?igen.
ANT.
[Franconia.
Bechkof, fituated in a hamlet, belonging
to the family of Elrichß.ai/fcn.
Bechßein, appertaining to the fee of
JVurzburg.
Benzen, a hamlet whici) together
with Berlichingen, belongs to the
Barons of that name.
Bernßioffcn, the property of the Stetten
family.
Bcuttingen, the proprietor of which is
the Count oi Hohenloh-Oehringen.
Bcymbacb, belonging to the E^rffa
family.
Biebcrsfeld, appertaining to that of
Falkenhaußn.
Bierbach, belonging to the Gemmingens.
Bierifigen, pofleffed by fhe convent
of Scbonthal,
Birkelbach, by the family of E/r/Vi?»-
ßjaufen.
Birkenau, appertaining to tlie Wambolds.
Bodighelm, to the Rudts of Collenberg,
Boxberg,
a prefefturate belonging to
the Eledlor Palatine, and which
together with this little town and
other dependencies has been taken
notice of before under the account
of the Palatinate.
Boxmuhl, belonging to the Gemmingens.
Brachbach, to the Creilß:eims.
Braniieck, fituated not far from
Creglingen in the principality of
Onolzbach, and onceaflrongmountaln-csitle
belonging to the Lords
of the fame name. On the failure
of thefe lords which feems to have
happened about the middle of
the thirteen :h century,
their lands,
which were very confiderable, fell
to

Franconia.]
GER
to the Counts ofHobe?j/ohe,of whom
one line bore the title, and frequently
ftiled themfelves of Br^uneci
only. But thefe Counts alfo
failing in their turn, the lands here
belonging to them devolved to the
Marggraves of Brandenburg^ who
conferred them fuccefTively asmale
fiefs on the Ehenheims, Giindelfheims
and Dajmgriefzes of GkiJ-
fenberg, the lad of whom in 1690 Dutienberg, of which the Eledlor
ceded them again to the Marggraves
of Brmidenburg-Onolzbach. Eberbach, belonging to the Getn-
Palatine is proprietor.
Bruanfpach, belonging to the chapter
of Wurzburg.
Eberflatt, to the Rudts of CoUe7:berg.
mingens and Steffens.
Little-Bretheim, to the Cknge/s. Upper and Under-Eibigheim to the
Brombach, in the poffeffion of the Bettendorf family.
Meternich family.
Eichelberg,
Brunholzheim, appertaining to the
Cfcil/leitn, Ckiigeh., Elrich/haufens,
Ho!z, Sechndorf and Erffa.
Buch, to the Seckendcrfs and Erffas.
MANY.
Dilhof, held by the Mey erhoffens.
Dilßjofen,
by the I[arthau fens.
Dinsbdch, belonging to the Creil-
Jheim family.
Dornmuhl, to xhzti^i i\\tGen2minge7is.
Dortcl, to the Adeiß.'cims.
Dorzbach, in the poffeflion of the
Eybs.
Drinfpach, appertaining to the families
of Erffa and Seckendorff'.
held by the Weilers.
Elenbach, appertaining to the families
of Prcttlach and Ulner.
Elperß:ojen,
Elrichß.'aujm.
to the Creiljheims.
Buchenbach, the proprietors of which Elterfhofcu, of which the Imperial
are the Steifen family. city of Hall and the Sejift family
BucbLof, and are proprietors.
Burg, in the pofleffion of the Gem- Enfzlingen, belonging to the Senft
fuingens.
Burghaufen, belonging to the Forßers.
family.
Eppertß.'aufen, to the Grofchlags at Er-
Burlcsivagen, to the families of Seek- bach. Both in the town and village
endcrfs and Erffas. arefomepofrefrionsoftheM(?)rr/65/i.
Carlßatter, a farm appertaining to jEri^^r/M'w, appertaining to the Barons
the Wambolds.
of Berlichingen.
Collenberg, a lordfliip now held by Erkenhrechtß:aufen, held by the Seck-
the Rudts, who are Lords thereof.
Dannhach, pofieficd by Ueberbruck
of Rotenßein.
Darßatt, appertaining to the Zobel
family.
Derynens, to the Seckendorffs and
Erffas.
Dicpach, to the Addßjeims.
Ditpurg, of which the family of
Grojchlag is proprietor.
R r r 2
endorf and Erffa families.
ErJau, by the Genimingens.
Erlebach and Wildenhof, belonging
to the town of Rothenburg.
Ermerfhaufen, to the Princes of
Hafzfeld.
Er?2/lhoJen, to Heffe-Darnißadt.
EJchauerhof, of which the Meyerhof
family are proprietors.
Effelbrotincrhaf, belonging to the
BettcndorJ
family.
Eubigheini,
491

49'
GERMANY.
Eii,bi'yh('im ,
to the Rudts oi Collenherg.
Juilcnhofy held by the Prince oHIatz
feld.
Euljpacb, bv tlie families of Prdtlach
and Uhier.
Fdlkenlhoffen, appertaining to the
Stetien family.
FecketibiJch, to the E\t(Xox oi MefUz.
Vnder-Vinkenhach, to the Counts of
Degenfeld.
[Franconia»
Schwarzenherg is proprietor.
Collach'Ojiheim and
GolJl'dib, belonging to Brajidetil/urg-
Omlzback.
Gramm, to the Mctternichs.
Groningen, held by the Creilßjeims^
the
and
Elrichhcwfem, the Seckendorfs
the Erffas,
Gullichßjeim, appertaining to the
Counts of Hat zf eld.
Elnkenhnjcb, held by the Creillhcims. Gundflfl:cim, to the Marggrave of
For/}, belonging to the Creiljheifns, Brandcnhurg-Omlzbach.
the Gemmingens and the chapter Grundier or Gnindelhart to the fame,
of Wurzhurg. Gunzenroth, of which the Eledor
Frankenberg or New-Frankenbcrg, of Mentz is proprietor.
of which the liutten family are Hachtcl, held by the family of ^«V/-
proprietors.
Freudenbach, belonging to the Counts
of
Coßell.
Fridvrichßiof,
to the Waters.
^
Fugllatty now in the pofieilion of
the Woljihbh.
Gackßntt, appertaining to the Creilß^einn-XhtSeckendorp
andtheErfas
Gconraikaufen, belonging to the
Haxthaußm.
Gerazahn, to the fee of Wwzburg.
Gerolzhaufen,. held by the Wolfskekl
family.
ßmm.
Hcigenbach, by Baron Berlichingen, and
the Teutonick order.
Hagcnhof, belonging to the Hdz
family.
Hahißatt, to the fee of Wurzburg..
Hambach, to the Gemmingens and
Weilers.
Camberg, to the families oi Sickingen Handfcbucheim, and its dependencies,.
and Dahlbcrg
Ganzcnroth.
at prefent pofieffed by the Eledtot'
Palatine.
Gcckenheim, a village, of which the Haßelhof, by the Watnbold family.
Hütten family are proprietors. Haynßatt, and
Hauffen, appertaining to the Rudts
of Colknberg.
TJppcr-Heimbronn, to Count Degenfeld.
Heimhaufen, to the Steften family.
Gcr//t'//f7/,a village, one half of which Helmß:oJen, held by the Elrichß:aubelon

Franconia. G E R M A N 7,
493
Hergaißatt,
to the AJelßje'mn.
HergcrJ'baufcn, poifeired by the G/o/cblags.
Herkbach on ihc Landthurm, belonging
to the Scnjts.
Ilcrlinglhoffen, held by the families
of Seckcndorf and Eiffa.
Hcrrenberchtheim, appertaining to the
town of Windjheim.
Hcrtlwgjhagen^ in the pofleflion of
the Scfifts.
of the Zobels.
Jlerxhcim,
IJtjplinJhof,
belonging to Baron Gcmtiimgen.
Jlctiigenbcurn, to Baron Berlickingen.
Hetjchbach, an eftate of the TVambold
family.
Heiißl'nßa?n, appertaining to Count
Scho'nborn.
Wrfchdorn, the prefent proprietor
of which is the Eledor of Meiitz.
Hirfchlandcfi, and Buch, belonging
to the Counts of Loiüenßein-JVerthcim.
JJofheim, to the Barons oiBerlichingen.
Hobbach, to the Count of Caflell
and the Meycrboffe-n family.
Holkch.
Hcdzbaufcriy held by the Counts of
Hafzfeld.
Hornbacbj of which the fee oi Wurzbiirg
are the
prefent proprietors.
Ilornberg, belonging to the Creilß.vims.
Scblcfz Homberg to
the Gemmt?igens.
Horjcbbaufen, to the Elricbß:auj'ens
the St'ckendorfs and the Erffas.
Huchelbeim, of which Count Scbonborn
in the Speßart is proprietor.
Hungbeim and
yagßbiiufin, belonging to Baron Berlichingetz.
lagßheim, to the Elrichßaußn family.
Jgelfpach,
Ulners.
held by \hc Prettkcbs ::ind.
likjheim, of which Baron Berlicbingen
is
proprietor.
Iiigt'nheim, appertaining to ih^ Zobels.
IngoUßatt, at prefent in the pofleflion
of Brandenburg-Onolzbacb.
Ippeßmm, belonging to the Huttens.
Kabla,. of which the Counts of
Ecbonborn in the Spefart are proprietors.
Kircb-Berftirf, appertaining to Baron
Gemmingen.
KircbbeitiJ, to Brandenburg-Onolzbach.
Little-Gumpetty to the Frettlacks and
TJlners.
Klinge7iberg, the caftle of which
is held by the Mcyberhoß'cn ^nm\]\'.
KochcftdorJ] belonging to the two
families of Greek and St. Andre.
Kocberßetten, pofleflcd by the Stet fens.
KorbyZn eftate of Baron Berlkhingen.
Krumbacb, on the Spejfart, together
with its dependencies, belonginr^ to
the hoiife of Scbonbcrn.
Frankißcb-Kriimbach, to Baron Gemmingen.
Ktichelbof,
to the Sfetten family.
Kunzelfau, a market-town arid coinheritance.
See vol. V.
Langentbal, appertaining to the family
of Metternich.
Laßpach, to the Stetten family.
Laude}}bach to the Fecbetenbachs and
Count Schonbom of the Speßart.
Laudenberg, of which the Adtßx'uii
family are proprietors.
Lauienau, belonging to the families
of Frettlack and Uhier.
Leibach, an eftate of Count
Leibenßatt, belonging to the Gemmi?igen
family.
Lendßedel,

494 GERMANY.
Letidfiedel, in which the Ahfpergs
have an eftate.
Leojif'els, a feat and village, together
with feveral other places and lands
in the neighbourhood pofleffed by
the counts of
Hohenlohe.
Limbach, belonging to the Erßa
family.
Lindcnfels, in which the Prettlachs
and Ulners have a houfe, with an
eftate in its neighbourhood.
Lindßuhr,
held by the Wolfskchls.
Merchingen, by Baron Berlicbingeti.
Maufzdorf,
appertaining to the Steifens.
Mayenfehx, pofleffed by the Getmni?igem
and Weilen.
Meijfenhelden, by the Elrichßjaufefis.
Mefzbacb^ belonging to the Oehninger
family.
Mejfel, of which the Grojchlag family
are proprietors.
belonging to the Zobels.
Mejfelhatifett.,
Mejzhofy
to the Bettendorfs.
Mejpelbronn, in the poffeflion of the
fee of Wurzburg.
appertaining to the Gem-
Michelbach,
tnitigens and the Counts Schonbern
of the Spejfart.
Mißlau, held by the families of
Seckejidorf and Erffa.
Mittelbach, of wliich the Prince of
Schwarzenberg and the Counts of
Hohenlohe are proprietors.
Moglingen, poffeffed by Baron Berlichingen.
by the Stettens.
Monbach,
Morßein, belonging to iheCreißjeims.
Munerberg, a feat of which, as likewife
of all its dependencies, the
Eledor Palatine is proprietor.
Upper and Under Munkheim, appertaining
to tlie
Senft family.
[Franconia.
Nechar-Binau poffeffed by the Adelß:ieims.
'Neckar-Steinach, a lordfliip confifl;-
ing of Steinach a fmall town, togelher
with the villages of Darfperg
and Grein. The latter of
thefe places is a fief of the archbiflioprics
of Worms and Speyer^
by whichin 1657, on the extinäion
of the Landjcbaden family, they
were vefted in the Barons McZ/^rnich
of Burfcheidt. The tenants
in this lordfhip are all Lutherans.
Neckar-Zimmern, belonging to the
Gemmingens.
Neidejifels, to the Ehichß:aujen family.
Nenzenhei?n, to that of Hütten.
Neubronn, of which the Prince of
Hatzfeld is
proprietor.
Neuhutten, held by the Gernmingen
and Weiler families.
Neukirchen, appertaining to Brandenburg-
Onolzbach.
Neumuhl, to the Clengels.
Loioer-Steinach, of which Baron
Gemmingen is proprietor.
Niederßetten and
Oberndorf, held by the Princes of
Hatzfeld.
Ohlhaufen, belonging to the Barons
Berlichingen.
Oßhalten, poffelled by the Creilßmm
family.
Ojlhaiijen,
by the Zobels.
Oßhcim, et which the Eledor of
Mentz is proprietor.
Upper and Under Pßzhof belonging
to the Barons of Berlichingen.
Pfaff'enhcfen,
Plobcich,
Preßenegg,
to the fame Barons.
to the Clengel fairji'y.
held by the Gemmingens.
Ncunßetten, held by Baron Berlichingefi.
Rappolts-

Franconia.]
GER
Rappollfnveilerhoj, tlve prcJeritpüdcirors
of which are the Stellen family.
Rechbach, appertaining to the convent
of
Schonth'.l.
Rechenbdiij'en, held by the family of
Holz.
Rehehof, of which the Prince of
Hat'zfeld is proprietor.
jR^/V/'f'«^t'A-^,belüngingtothc//^ö//}y(r*/f.
Reilhof, at prefent held by the Stelle?is.
Reinhorn, appertaining to the Preltlachi
and Ulners.
RcinsbroH)!, of which the Marggrave
of Braiidenburg-^Ondzbach is the
prefent proprietor.
.Reinftein,
family.
Reifch,
belonging to the Wolfskehl
held by the Huttens.
Reißenhaujen, of which the Eledor
of Mentz is
Rickerhof,
proprietor.
appertaining to the Meyerhoff'ens.
fympach, held by Brandenburg-Onolzbach.
Rinderjeld, the prefent pofleffor of
which is
Rohrbacherhof,
the Prince oi Hatzfeld.
held by the Wambold
family.
Rofperg, by the Clengeh.
Rojjach, belonging to the Barons of
Berlichhigen.
Rofenberg,
noble Lutheran family
a lordfhip formerly appertaining
to a
of great antiquity, but which on the
extindlion of that family in 1632
efcheated to the Counts of Hatzjeld,
who about forty years after
morteaeed it to the T^eutonlck
order, and afterwards fold it to the
^Princes of howenßeiyi-Wertheim,
to whom it accordingly belongs,
though the Bifliop of Wurzburg is
Ordinarius and feudal lord thereof.
Exclufive of the three Lutheran
MANY,
j->ari(hes, of Rofenberg^ Bof^lcim,
Bremen and Hoheiißatt, it contains
ahb as tnany others.
(haufens.
RofzhoJ, held by the Rudlsoi Collenberg,
Rofzthal, of which the Marggrave
of Brandenbui-g-Onolzbach is
proprietor.
Rofzftld, belonging to the Elricl-
Rotenbau, in the poUeffion of the
Wolfskehl family.
Rofenberg, appertaining to the counts
of Degejifeld.
Ruckerjhagen, in the poiTefiion of
the Erffa family.
Rudelsdorf and
Rudern, belonging to the Seckendorfs
and Erffds.
Rutfchdorf an eftate of the family
of the Zobels.
Sandehb7-omi, of which the chapter
of Wurzburg is proprietor.
Satteldorf, belonging to the feveral
families of Elricbßjaufn, Holz,
Seckendorf am] Erffa.
Saiirach,\o the Seckendorfs and Erffas,
Schafhoj, of which the chapter of
Wtirzburg is proprietor.
Scheinbach, appertaining to the Seckendorfs
and Erffas.
Schelkingen.
Scelkrippen, an eftate of the Counts
of Schonborn of the Speßart.
Schlierbach, belonging to the Pretilachs
and Ulners.
Schmerach, pofleded by the Seckendorf
itnA Erffa families.
Schonbronn ,2.^^e.Tt?L\n\ng to (he Holzes.
Schonfld, of which as likewife of
its appurtenances, the Eledtor of
Mentz is proprietor.
Schrofsberg, a feat and village belonsins;
to the Counts of Hohenhhe-Oehringen.
Der
495

•iicjö
G E R M A N T. [Franconia.
Der Schupfer Grund, together with Triftßjaufen, to the Erfa and Creil-
Kuppcrichhaujhi, Lengrietheim one ßeim families,
half of Sachfcnfhihr and Uffingen, Velherg, a town and bailiwick conbelonging
jointly to the families of fifting of forty-feven places, and
Gemmingen and 'Bernhaujhi. The belonging to the Imperial town of
YAt€ior''Palatitie z\[o is owner of Äz//,as alfocontainingan oldi?«rg-.
five villages in this valley, namely, Ullenheim, poileffed by the Hatten
oi Daimbacb, Epplingen, one half of Ungarjhaujen, an eftate of the Wolfikehl
Sachfenßubr, Schilling and Bobflatt.
family.
^chujierßof, appertaining to the Barons
Under-Eichholzheim, appertaining to
Gemimngen.
the Counts dc Riaucour.
Schwebheitn, held by Baron Berlichtngenheim,
Underhaußn, to the Counts of Ingel-
Seehaus,\^dov\

.
.
;
Swabla.]
JVeipertJhqfcn, licld by the Sechendorß
anei Erffas.
Wemmenhach, appertaining to the
Addjheim family.
Wtmkhcim, held by the Counts of
LoivenJlein-iVcrthcim
JVennutbauJtn, of which the Prince
of Hatzfcld is proprietor.
Upper, Middle and Vnder-JVeJkrn, he\d
by the Counts Schonborn of the
Speßdrt.
Wibeljheir/i, belonging to the Barons
of Berlichi}ige?i.
Wickhach^ of which the Eledor of
Metitz is proprietor.
IVickenßein, pofleiiecl by the houfe of
Loweßein- Wertheirn
Widdern, a co- inheritance held in
common by the Gemmingens, the
Zyllnhardts, the fee of Wurzburg,
and the Dukes of Wurtemberg.
Upper and Lower Winden, eflates
apj>ertaining to iXiQSeckendorfs and
Erjfds.
Winterkaflen, to the families of PretU
Jack and Ulner.
Witweiler, held by the Erffa family.
Wolmerß;aiifen, by that of Holz.
Wurzberg, of which Count Erbach
GERMANY, 497
is proprietor.
Wurzburg, m which tlic fee of that
name is polTefled of an eflate.
held by the Steffens.
Zottiß:offen,
Zuttlingen, belonging to the Elrichßjaufens.
Zwingcfiberg, a lordfhip purchafed
in 1474 and 1484 by the
Eleäor Palatine of the Hirfchhorn
and Bodikeim families ; but
in 1504 fold again as an hereditary
hef to the Elirfchhorns, from
whom it defcended to the Gohlers of
Ravenfpurg ; v/ho in 1 746 again
parted with it
to the Eledtor Palatine,
for the funi of400000 florins,
with an exprefs
relervation in the
inilrument of fale of an unlimited
freedom of religious wonlrip for
the Lufheran and Calvi?2iß peafants
and freeholders. In this lord (hip
is Zwingenberg, a village and feat
together with the village of Strumpfelbronn,
Dilbacb, Weifzbach, Katzenbach,
Friderichjdorf, Upper and
Under-Ferdinandfdorj, Mcdwer and
Wachcnfchwend ; as alfo Balsbach
and Robern, two hamlets.
II.
The Canton of the STEIGERJVALD: containing
AdeJfdorf, belonging to the Bibra
family.
Aijch, to the Counts of Schonborn.
Alberfßoofen,
Afchbacb,
Bibergau,
to the Mauchenheims.
to the Poljiitzcs.
to the Mauchenheims.
Breitenlohe, to the Munflers.
Burg-Breitbach, to Baron Fuchs.
Burg-Hafziach, to the Munßers.
Burg-Rennbach, to the Hefzbergs and
Oberlanders,
Vol. VI.
Sf
f
Deutenbeim and
Dutzoithal, to the Seckendorfs.
Eckersbach,
Erlabron,
to the Schrottenbergs.
to the Eichlers.
Efzclhcim, to the Seckendorfs,
Faffchenbron,
Frohßockheini,
to Count Rieiuck.
to the Crcilßmins.
Geubach, to one of the Counts of
Schonborn.
Gleißnberg,
to Count Dangriefz.
Goclojheim, to Count Erthal,
Grleßof,

;
498 GER M
Grießjofy
to Count Dangriefz.
Hallburg, to the Schenks of Staiiffenberg.
Hallerndorf, to a Count of Schonborn.
Hembofen., to a nobleman of the
name of Wtnkler of M'J:renfeh.
Hoholz to the Scckendorjs.
Hohn am berg, a Lutheran parochial
village, to Baron Pcliiiiz.
Koßi to a Count of Schonborn.
Langenfeld^ to a Seckendorf.
Lijzbergi to the Munßcrs.
MarktSugenheim, to the Seckendorfs.
Mayn Sontheim and
Mayn Stockheim-, to Baron Mauche?iheim.
Upper and Vnder MAfendorf to the
Schrottenberg families.
Muhlhaufen, to a nobleman of the
name of Eglofßein.
Munch-Steinacb, to the Seckefidorfs.
Pommersfelden, to the Counts of
Schonborn. A little above this
place is a mofl beautiful feat called
the Weißtnßein, built by Count
Lotharius FrancisEleCxov oiMentz,
for the refidence of his family.
ANT.
[Swabla.
Reichmansdorf appertaining to the
Schrottenbergs.
Rockenbach, to the Seckendorjs.
Rotelfee,
to the Creilßeims.
Saßerfarth, on the Rednttz, to the
Schtamnierfdorf family.
Schernau, to that of the Kunsbergs.
Scherzenbach, to the Hejzbergs and
Oberlandirs.
Alten-Schonbach, to thofe of Creilß:eifn.
Schivebheim, to the family of Bibra.
Steinbach:
Stubach and
Tajchendorj, to the Eichlers oiAuritz.
Trabelfdorf to the Marfchalh of
Ojfheim.
Traußadt, to a nobleman of the
name of Erthal.
Uhlßadt, to a Frankcnßein.
Veßenbergfgreuth, to a Bernegger.
JValsdorf
to a Creiljheim.
Weingartjgreutb, to the Seckendorf.
Wißenbuch, to the Polnitzes.
Zeilitzhei?n,
to the Counts of Schonborn.
Zeifenbrun,
Oberlatider.
to thofe oiHefzberg and
III. The Canton of the G E BU RG: in which is
Alienbios, belonging to Baron iS/mz
of Alten ft ein.
Abtenbwg, to the Schawnbergs.
Auffefz,
to the Barons of that name.
Upper-Auffefz here is a feat
Under-AufItfz, a village on the
river Aujjefz.
Biberbach,
appertaining to the Eglofßeins.
Bifchberg, to the Zohiersoi Brand.
Brand, to the Baiinaus.
Breitenreuth,
to the Giitteiihergs.
Buchau, a lordiliip and bailiwick
near the Mayn, which together
with the lordfliip of Thiirnau are
reprefented in a particular map.
This map conftitutes the feventythird
in Homamis Atlas of Ger~
ma7iy. The country belongs to
Count Giech, and exclufive of the
large village of Biichnu contains
alio Peeßen, Ratfchenreuth and
other places.
Bug, belonging to the Bunaus.
Burg

.
Swabia.] Cr E R
Burg Gailerfreuth, to Baron Voit of
Ricncck.
Bu7-ggrtib, to the Schaiks of Slaufjaiberg.
Durgbaig, to the Varels.
Burg Lofau, to the Eglofjieins.
Burkerfaorf] to the Rcdwitzes.
Btittenheim,
to the Stiebars of Buttenhcim.
Cunretitb,
DafuiendorJ^
Dondorf,
to the Eglcfßeins.
to the Kufisbergs.
to the Luchaus.
XJppcr Dornach, to tlie Redwitzcs.
Ebnet,
Eckersdorj,
to the Seckendcrfs.
to the Luchaus.
Egh'fßchi, to the Barons of that
name.
E'ipcrfreuth, to the Voits oi Rieneck.
Emerjheim, to the Redivitzes.
Ermreuth at Grajenherg, to the
Kunshergs.
Fifchbach, to a nobleman of the name
of Reit'zeiißein.
Fort,
to the Bunaiis.
Frcyenfels, to the family of Aiiffefz.
Gartenroth, to the Redwitzes.
S. Gi/genberg, to the Luchaus.
Creifenjlcin, to the Sckefiks of Siauf -
fenbcrg.
Guttenberg, to the Barons of that
title.
Hagenbach, to the Stiebars of £///-
tenheim.
Hahn., to the Kunsberg family.
Jleckenhof, to the Aufffz.
Hcinicrjreuth, to ^'c/V of Rieneck.
Heroldsberg,
Hiimmendorf,
to the Geuders.
to the Guttenbergs.
Hundjhaupten, to the Barons Pohiitz.
Kninach, to the Auffejz family.
Katjchenreutb, to the Guttenberg family.
Kirchahorn, to the Counts of Schonborn.
Sf
MAN r.
Kirch/eis,
to the Guttenberg family.
Konigsfeld, to the family of Au/fefz
Kohljtein, to the Grö/i of Trokau.
Kuhknfels,
to the family of Guttenberg.
Kitps, to that of Redivitz.
Vpper-Langenßatt,
Vnder-Langenßatt ,
to the Ktmsbergs.
to the Rcdwitzes.
Undcr-Leinleiter, to the Luchaus.
Under-Lctterbach, to one of tiie
Counts of Brockdorj.
Leiipoldßein, to thofe of Eglofßein.
Leuzeuhof,
to the Pohiitzes.
Leyfau, to a Baron Schonbeck.
Lindenberg, to the Lahners oi Huttenbach.
Luiherifil -Heiligenßatt ,io the Schenks
of Stauffenberg.
Markfreuth, to the Wildenßeim.
Melanger, to the Redipitzes.
Mengerjdorf, to tlie family of -^z//^
Meynleis, to the Kunsbergs.
Upper and Under-Mittizitz to the
family of Wurzburg,
Monchfeld and
Nagel, to the Kunsbergs.
Neideißein, to the Aufjefz.
Neuhof, to the Welfers.
Flaiikenfels,
to xh^Schlammersdorf.
Flankcnßcin, to the Aujjefz family.
Pretsfeld, to tlie Stiebars of Buttenhcim.
Rabeneck,
and
Rabenßein, to the Counts of Schonborn.
Rathsberg,
to thofe of /Zi

500 GERM
Schmolz, to the Redwifzes.
Svbnahelneid,
to the Bibra family.
Sciboldsdurf, to a nobleman of the
name of Eichinger of Eichßvn.
Seidewitz, to the Arnims and Ariers.
Seitenhof\
to the Giitenbergs.
Steche?idorf, to the houfe of Auffefz.
Slecherthumhachy to that of Pclnitz.
Steinenhaiifz, and
Steichenreuth,
to the Gutlenhergs.
Straßendorf, to the Schaumbergs.
Teifenortb, to the Barons of Redwitz.
'Tcublitz,
to thofe of Kuvjzberg.
Thurn, to one of Schonjeld.
Thurnau, a lordfhip and hailiwick
near Buchaii, belonging to the
Counts of Giech. Thurnau the
chief place in this lordfhip is a
fmall town, which together with
feveral villages is annexed to k.
Tifchnitz, an eftate of the Kiinsbergs.
1rokau,o{t\\t Barons Grofz oiTrohiu.
'Truppach, of the Auffefz.
Tucbersfeld, of the Grofzes o^Trokaii.
Veitlahm, appertaining to the Kiinsbergs.
JVadendoif,
to the Schlammerfdoif (imily.
ANY.
Waferknoten,
[Swabla.
to the Schimdings.
JVeidenberg, to thofe of Lindenfels.
JVeidnitz, to the family of Schaumbcrg.
Upper, Middle and Under-Weilersbach,
to Baron Karg of Bebenburg.
Weifenbrun, to the family of Redwitz.
Wtrnßein, to the Zolners of Brand.
Weyher, to the Counts of Schonborn.
IVeyher, to thofe of Auffefz.
Wiefentjels, a bailiwick of the Count
o{ Giech, in which is the magnificent
feat of Wiefentfels, together
with the village of the fame name
lying on the river Wiefent, and
other places.
Wiefenthau, belonging to a noble
family of that name.
Wildenroth, to the Redwitz family.
Windifch Leibach, to the Arnitn% and
Arters.
Winterflein to the Touchers of Simfueljdorf.
Wohnfdorf, to thofe of Auffefz.
Wolkenflein, to the Stiebars of Buttenheim.
Little- Ziegeifeld, to the Schaiimhergs.
IV. The Canton of ALTMUHL, in which IS
Abfperg, belonging to the Teutonick
order.
yldlitz-, to a nobleman of the title
of Staiiff.
Upper and Under-Altbernheim
Seckendorj
family.
to the
Bernhardfivinden, to a nobleman of
of Eyb.
the title
Bir7ibaum, to a Wildenßcin,
Bechtjhofen, to a Htfzberg.
Brcitenau.
Brunn, to Count Pickler,
Buch, to Baron Winkler

Swabia.]
Undcr-Rrlbach-,
EniH'lp.ojen^
Falbenthal,
GER
to a Leibelfing.
to a Seckendorf.
to a Liebclfing.
Farnbacb, to the Counts Pickler.
Geyern,
Gottefgabe,
Greutb,
to the Schenks of Geyer?!.
to a Seybotb.
to the Counts Schonborn.
Haufen, to a For finer.
Hornfegen,
to a Leonrod.
llleßjehn, to a nobleman of the title
of
Berlichingen.
Kalben-Ste'inherg, of which the Imperial
city of Nürnberg is proprietor.
Kaltengreuth,
the title
appertaining to one of
of Eyb.
Keyerherg, to a Clengel.
Kcrnburg, to the Imperial city of
Nürnberg.
Krefzberg,
to a Knoringen.
Lenzelfdorf, to a Hefzberg.
Leonrod, to the Barons ofthat name.
Linden, to a IVildei/Jiein.
Markt Liißenau, to the Knoringem.
Mebenberg, to one of the title of
Üeefried.
Muggenhof, to a Leonrod.
Alien and Neiien-Muhr,
XJpper- Megerfkeim, to a faxtheim.
Neudorf, to the Leonrods.
Neiiburg, to Stettner of Grabenhof.
Neuendetteljau,
Fflaiimfell,
to an £)'(^.
of which the Marggrave
of Brandenburg-Onolzbach is
proprietor
to the Lenterßjeims.
Tolfingen, belonging to a nobleman
of
the name of PFokvart.
MANY. 501
Rammerfdorf, to an £)'(5.
Rofenberg and
Rugland,
to a Creilßx'ifn.
Xlpper-Schivaningen,
Auritz.
to an Eichler of
Sofmnerfdorf to a Creilßmm.
Steinhard, of which the Marggrave
of Brandenburg-Onolzbach is proprietor.
iS/^z« on the Rednitz, appertaining
to the Geuda family.
Syburg, to a Schenk of Geyern.
Tanzeuheid,
Trautßirchen,
to a Count Pickler.
to a Seckendorf
T'empelhof, to a Knoriiigen.
Than, to a Creilß:eim.
T'rendel,
to an Apfold.
Urphetßjof to the Seckendorfs.
Veflenberg, to an £)'/^
/F^/^ on the Altmuhl to a nobleman
of the title of Falkenhaujen,
Wcifendorf, to the families of Hütten
and Langen.
Wicderfpach,
to an Ey;^.
Wiefenbnick, x.oih& Schenks o^ Geyern.
Wilhermfdorf a lordfliip on the river
Ze7w, to the Prince of Hohen-
Iche-Schillingsfurß . In this lordfhip
lies Wilhertnfdorf a feat and
market-town, with the parochial
village of Ncufes.
Wthnersbach, to the Wildenfleim.
Wolkerndorj , to a faxtheim.
Zeckern, to Wi7tkler of Mohrenjeld.
Upper and Utider-Zenn, two eftates,
to
the Seckendorf family.
Ziacernberg, to a nobleman of the
title
of Berga.
V.The

502 GERMANY. [Svvabia.
V. The Canton oiBAUNACH:
So called from the river Baiinach, which difcharges itfelf into the Mayne.
In this Canton is
Albersdorf, belonging to the Barons
Greiflhiklaii.
Aller tjkaiifen,
and
AltcnJleiJi, to the Barons Stein of
Alterißcin.
Altmiinjlcr.
Betteiiburg and
Birkach, to the Truchfrß'es of Wezhaufen.
Birkenfeld,
Bi/cbwend,
to the Hidtens.
to the Lichtenßcifrs.
Breitenfee, to the fuliaii almshoufe
at JVurzburrr,
Bundorf, to the Truchjejfes of Wezhaufcn.
Burg Preppach, to Count Fiichi of
Bimbach.
Ditici-Jiüind, to Baron Stein of Altenßein.
Ebeldsbach,
fee of (Vurzburg.
to the Kotenham and the
Ecknrtß:aufen, to the Steins of ^Ztenßein.
Edhaufen, to the Trt/cbfeffes of Z)«?/-
^^'^ and the fee of Wurzburg.
Upper and Under-Eisfeld, to the
Tj'uchfeßes of JVezhaufen, and the
above-mentioned fee.
XJpper-EVdorf, of which the Langbeim
convent at Wurzhurg is proprietor.
JJnder-EHdorf, appertaining to the
Lichtenfteins, the /F///i and the
fee of Wurzburg.
Ermcrß:aufen, to the Huttens.
EyrictßhoJ, to the Kotenha?n.
Fißchbach,
to the Rotenhans.
Friefeuhaujen, to the Dalbergs, to
whom it devolved from the i7/c/3
family. A great part of this
place belonged anciently to the
Zolners of Rodenßein, as their
property, but in 1451 they ceded
it to the houfe of Saxony as a
male fief, and were again invefted
with it. The Dominum directum
was yielded up b, Saxe-Hildhurgbaujen,
to the f c of Wurzburg;
and fobn Godfrey of Gititenberg,
^x^xo'^f.Ä Wurzburg, made
an ablblute purchafe of it from
the feveral co-heirs.
IJndcr-Fidbncb, to the Barons of
Reitze??ßein.
Gereuth, to the Greiff'enklaus.
Geyenberg,
to the L^btenßeiiis.
Gleujcua, to a Count Fucb of Bimbacb.
Heiligersdorf, to the Licbtenßeins.
Ilereth, to the Rotenhan and Altenßein
families, the fee oi Wurzburg
and the convent of Theres.
Hofbeim, to the l'nichfeßes of /^^zbaufen
and the fee oi Wurzburg.
Kaltenbrcn, to the family of Botenban
and the T^^ws convent.
Kalt-Herherg, to the Barons 5"/«';«
of Alten/lein.
Kerfeld, to the T'rucbfejfes of /#^f^haufc7i
and the fee oi Wurzburg.
Little Munfier, to the T'rucbfcßes of
Wi'zbaufen.
Upper-Lßuringen, to the l'ruclfeßes
of V/ezhaujcn.
Lenderßjaiifen, to the Altenßein and
Hütten families and the fee of
Wurzhurg.
Leuzendo?f

Swabia.]
Leuzendorf, to the Erthals.
Manau, to the T^ruchjejfes of Wezhaufen.
Maroldiwcifach, to the Barons Stein
of Altenßein.
Memmel[dorf\ to the Greiffenklaus.
Upper-Mer-zhach, to the Rotenhans.
Ufidcr-Merzbach, to the families of
Kotenhaii and Grciffe?2klau.
Meyks, to the 'Trucbfejfei of Wez.-
haujen,
Nfiihaufz, to the Rotenhans.
Pjarweilo.cl\ to the Altenßeim and
the fee of Wurzburg.
Pfauhaufz,
to the Rotenhans.
Riippach, to the fee of IViirzbiirg
and other proprietors.
Rentiveinjdorf^
Roienhan,
Rudendorf-,
Salmfdorf,
and
Sendelbach, all to the Barons of
Rotenhan.
Schotten/iein, to the Greiffenklau,
and Hendrich families.
Schivsinßiaupten, to a Count jpz/f^^i
of
Bimbcich.
Schwey, to the Count of Brockdorf.
Seerfeld, to the Huttens, the Truch-
and the fee of Wurzburg.
feffes
Sternberg,
GERMANY.
to the Truchfejfes of ^^2;-
häufen. Some part of this place
belongs ahb as a male fiel- to
Wurzburg, another part to Saxony,.
and the third is free property.
Sulzdorf, to a Guttenberg. This
place alio is free property, excepting
that in certain cales the
fee of PVurzburg by an agreement
made in J664 is poflelfed
of the Cent-Qowxt.
Unfind, to the families of Rotenhand,
Altenßein and the Truckfejfes
of Wezhaufen.
Vockawinch, to the Steins of Altenßein.
Wachenfeld, to the family of Hütten.
Wafnuthhaufen, to the Voits. of
Rieneck.
Weinberg, to the Greiffenldaus.
Weifenbrunn, to the family of Varel.
Wezhaujen, to the Truchf/Jes, who.
are likewife Barons of this place.
Welkender f, to the families of Rotenhan,
Erthal and the fee oi Wurzburg,
Zimmerau, to the Truchfffes, the-
Guttenbergs and the fee abovementioned.
This place is both
a male and female fief oi Wurzburg,
fome part excepted, vvhicli
is free property.
VI. The Canton of ROHN and WERRAt
So called with refpect to the former of thefe names from the Rohne, a chaia
of mountains reachmg from Helpers on the Vlßer to beyond Bißhoßheim, and
With relpedt to the latter, from the river Werra. Witli this Canton is
likewile reckoned the Buchan quarter in the territories of the bilhopric of
Fulda.
S^3
Abersfeld, here belongs to the branch Anithof, to the Kempitißys.
of Steinau named Stcinruck. Artenfchwangy to the Weyhers of
Altenbofen and
Ebersberg.
Afchenhaifen.^

504 GERMANY.
Afchcnhaufeu , to the Spefzharts.
Aura, in the vale of Sinn to the
Breidenbachs.
Aubflatt, to the Bibras.
Bajibeim, to the family Oiled from it.
Berkacb,
to the Steins of Oflheitn.
Berjladt, to the Schenh of Schweinsberg.
Bibra, gave name to the noble family
of Bibra, which is fince
become divided into thofe ot
Schwebhcim, IrmcJJhans and Bibrci.
Bifchojjhcim., appertains to the JVcy-^
hers of
Eberfperg.
Boineburg, a lordHiip near Sontra^ a
town of Hcffc, to the Barons of
Boincbiirg. The caflle of the
fame name, now lying in ruins,
was anciently called
Bomcncbiirg,
and formed a part of the eftates
of the Counts of Nordheim. On
the death of Sigfrid Count of
Bomeneburg, in the year 1144,
this caftle efcheated to the Empire.
The Emperor Rodolph of
the houfe of Naffhu conferred
it as a fief on the Landgrave
ticnry I. whofe defcendants ftill
invert the Barons with that title.
In it are thirteen villages
Buchenau, to the Schenks o( Schweinsbcrg,
the Da/bergs and Buchenau.
Burglauer^ to the Voits o^ Salzburg.
Burg Sinn, a feat and bailiwick on
the river Sinn, to the Thungens.
Dankmfeld, to the Marjchalls of
Oßheirn.
Doijiadt,
to the Iltejis.
Drevfz,to the Schuztbers o^Mikhllng.
Deitern and
Ditloffrode, to the 'Thungens.
Durnau, to the Degenfelds.
Durreiiboj,
to the Voits of Salzburg.
[Swabia.
Ebernburg, to the Sickingcn family.
Eberißiaufen,
Eff'elter,
to the Dieinars.
to the Schaiivibergs.
Eichenhaufen, to die Voits oi Salzburg.
Eckarts, to the T^hungen family.
Emejthurn, to the Schoumbergs.
Etierbach,
to the Munjiers.
Gehaus, to the family of Boineburg.
Gersfeld, a market-town on the
Fulda, which fuftered extremely
by fire in 1756, to the Ebersbergs.
Grafeudorf, to the Breidenbach.
Grumbach, to the Buttlar family.
Ihiig, to the Schaumbergs.
Hazelbach, a place of four houfes.
Heiligkreuz, to the family o'i'T^hungen.
Elehner[häufen, to the IVecbmars.
Henfßadt, a parochial village to the
Hanflein.
Hefzdorf,
Hohenbiirg,
Hohen-Vippach,
to the T/jungens.
to the Sickingens.
to the Degenfelds.
Hoflars on the Rhone to the 'Thann
family.
Hollerich, to the Thungens.
fuchfen, to the Diemars.
Irmelß:aufen, to the Bibras:
Ketten, to the noble fa-mily ol Thann.
Knoch, to that of Schaumberg.
Lebenhan,
to thofe of Gebfattel.
Lehrbach, to the Barons of the like
name.
Lengfeld, a fmall town to the Boineburgs
and Midlers.
Letterbach, to the Schaumbergs.
Leuterß:aujen,
to the Gehjattels.
Liinberg, to the Kempinfl:ys.
Lofzhaufen, and
Lutter, to the noble family of Lutter.
Manfiach, to the Geifaus.
Mnriengard, to the Buttlars.
Marisfelä, to the Marjchalls of
Ofiheim.
Mauert

S^iwabia.]
Meiner,
GER
to thofe of Fechenhach.
Mublfeld, a parochial-village, to a
Bibra.
Muppeug,
Neuhmifen,
to the Schaumbergs.
to the Dege/ifelcls.
Neuß^tteben, io the Schenks oiSchweinsberg.
Loiver-Fulbach,
to the Schaumbergs,
Niederwehren, to the Miinßers.
Nordheim, near the Rhone, to the
Thanns.
Ohevnhofen, to the Breidenbacbs.
Oppach, to the Bobenhaufens.
Oßkeim, to the Thanns.
Pfandhaufen, to the Munßcrs.
Auerbach, to the Voits of Salzburg.
Reichlojz, to the Schleifrafz family.
The Riedefel eftates.
the Riedejel 0^ FJfenbach,
The family of
at which
place alfo is their refidence, are
barons and hereditary marflials of
Heße, and exclufive of the eftates
they hold under Heße Darmßadt,
of which mention has been made
above, are likewife poffefTed here
of fome others by no means inconfiderable,
fuch as Eißeiibach,
a feat and market-town, with
the jurifdidion of Stcckhaiifen,
Altenfchleif, Freyenflein, the market-town
of the fame name,
Mais^ and Ludwigßck, in the
lall of which lies the feat and
market-town of Ludwigfeck, with
other places.
Rodelmeyer, belonging to the Voits
of Salzburg.
Rofzbach,
to the Thungens.
Rofzdorf, a parochial-village to the
Wechmar and Geijau families.
Rupperthayn, to tiie Bodenhaujens.
Saahnunfter, to the BrAdenbacbs.
Salzburg, to the Voits, who are
likewife barons of this place.
Vol. VI.
MANY.
Schaumbcrg, of wjiich the barons of
that name are proprietors.
Schlitz, a loriifliip of the Counts of
Schlitz, who are named Gorz.
This lordHiip lies on the Fulda,
between the Darmßadt part of
the landgravaic of Heßi':,
the principality
of Uersfehi, and the
diocefe of Fulda. The anceftors
of its prefcnt proprietors were
created barons in 1677, ^"^ ^''
1726 arrived to the dignity of
Counts. The greatcH: part cf
the lordlbip is a fief f^i Fulda, and
pays alfo to the matricular afleilment
ofthat fee. In it is i. Schlitz,
a town fituated on the river
Altfeld, which a little beiow this
place joins the Fulda. The burshers
here amount to near five hundred.
2. Five burghs belonging to the
Count, and called the Vorder, the
Hinter, the Schachten, the Otten^
and the Halleburg. Of thefe the
four firfi: lie within the town; but
the fifth ftands without it.
^. The
jurifdidlions of Hutzdorf, Pfordt
and Bernßjaufen. 4. The lordfliips
of Wegfurt and Rechberg.
Schney, and
Schwabach, belong to the Schaumbergs.
Schwena, a market-town with a feat
and an orphan houfe in it, to the
Hunds.
Schweichrß:außen,
Sontheim, to the Gebfattel.
Stockach,
to the Bronfaris.
to the Hedersdorß.
Strut hof, to the Tha?in family,
Thann, a lordfliip on the Ulßer, to
the very antient family of that
name. Befides the little town of
'Thann, this lordfhip further contains
twenty-two villages,, which«
T t t are
505

;o6 GERM
are divided into four quarters, each
under a juflice, who is nominated
by the lord, and for his colleaguesare
appointed village judges,
who are eleded by each place
in its turn. The names of thefe
leveral quarters are the Winder-
Jkaujen, confifting of four villages,
the Habeler of eleven, the Neiijzloerthfer
of three, and the Scblitzenhaufen
of four.
Thungen, belongs to the T'hungens.
Tomsbruck, to the Berkpjch family.
Trabehdorf, to the MarfchaUs of
OJthcim.
'Trimherg, to the Breidenbachs.
JJemßebefiy
to the Spefzharts.
ANT.
[Svvabia.
Waldorf, to the Dieman, the Mar^
[chalks
and JVoIJskebK
Walterßaufen, to the Mar/chalks of
OJiheim.
Weickerfgruben,X.o the ThungftihmWy.
Weifenbach, a village and feat, alfo
to the
Thungem.
Wenigentaft, to the family of Geifau.
JVeyhcrs, to the Weyhen.
Werda, to the Trumbachs.
Weylen, to the Boineburgs and Mullen.
Wilmersy to the Schenks of Schweimberg.
Woljsmunßer, to the Thungens.
Zcitlofs, a market-town on the
river 5/««, to the fame family.
The RHENISH Circle
of Nobility,
'"T^HIS circle of nobility confifts of three cantons. Of thefe the canton
^ on the Upper-Rhine is alfo called the Ort-Gau and the Wafgau, and
its office lies at Menz. The canton on the Middle-Rhine is divided into
four parts, namely into thofe of the /•^(//^r^z/, the Rheingaii, Hainrichzud
JVeßerwald, together wich the Sebacher-Grund. The leat of its office is
kept ^t Friedberg Burg. The canton on the Loiver-Rhine contains alfo the
Hundfruck and Eberwald, and has its office at Coblenz. At prefent we are
able to exhibit only a fmall part of the lordffiips,
places and eftates belonging
to it, and thefe not ranged according to their refpeftive cantons,
being uncertain to which many of them properly belong, for which
reafon we fhall infert them here promifcuoufly, but in alphabetical order.
Abenheim, a parochial-village, belongs
to the Dalbergs.
Adendorj, together wuh Arzdorf,
and the lordihip of 'Eckendorf,
which laft is lituated about three
hours from Bonn, to the Counts
1)0« der heyen. This place is a
fief of the Empire.
Ahrenjels, another lordfliip, belongs
alfo to Count heyen. In this
lordfliip is a feat of the fame name
lying on the Rhine, together with
the market-town of Honningen,
and Argciidorfznd Gurgenroi/j,hoth
villages. The lordihip itfelf is a
fief
of Triers.
St.
Aißerß>eim, appertaining to the Hohenfeld
hm'ily.
Aiban.
Ahnech, belonging to the Hchenfelds.
AUJiatt,

Svvabia.j
Altßatt^ in the JVettcrau is a feat and
market-town lying on the river
Nidder.
Arenratb, belongs to the Kejjelßadt^
faniily,
Artnada, to the Counts Lcyen.
Arzhsim, is held in part by the Hettpfdorfs.
Bcchto!jhcim,
to four coheirs,
Roman catholics,
a market-town belongs
two of whom are
and two Lutherans,
namely the Dalbergi, the
Ebersbcrgs,
Berme7-fl:eim.
Blirfca'jtell,
ficc.
antiently ftiled the county
of Caßclle, (or de Caßris) is
lordlhip in
a large
Weßreicb, appertaining
to the Counts of Leyen. In it are
included the feat and markettown
of Bliefeaßell on the river
BlieSy together with Wolferdingen,
Wußweikr, Rulchingen, Habniceiler,
Sclnveigen, and other places.
This lordrtiip is alfo a fief of Triers.
Bongard cum Simpeljeld and Bocbholz,
a lordfliip of the Counts of Leyen,
are fiefs of Brabatit, and lie within
the dutchy of Limburg.
Bopßatt,
Bojz.
belongs to the Frankenßein.
Boskiengernheim.
Bruch-Loßnich, to the Keßeßadts.
Biirggrajerod,
to the Counts of Rlz,
Burgßatt.
Burreßmm, to the Breidbachs.
Buruceiler, is a lorddiip bordering on
the prefefluiate o^ Germerß:eim in
the Palatinate. Under it arc included
Geysberg feat, with the
villages of Wernersberg and Flemlingen.
The right of Venery and
villenage in it formerly appertained
to the Eledtor Palatine^ but in
Ttt
GERMANY. 5-^7
1665 he rclinquiflied thofe privileges
in confideration of the fum
of 6000 florins.
Bußhfeld,
belongs to the Hagens.
Calenborn, a village in the Eyff'cl, tc
the Counts of Leyen.
This place
is alfo a fief of Triers.
Dalberg gives title to the Barons of
that name, who were formerly
treafurers to the fee of Wor^ns.
Dodenberg is the property of the
Ke[JelJtadt family.
Ehrenberg, belongs to the Clodf.
Eppenberg, a village in the Eyß'ei, to
the Counts of Leyen. This place
is likewife a fief of 7/ /Vr:.
Efpen, to the Frankenßein.
Fait-zberg, is an eftate of the Wildbergs.
_
Falkenßein, belongs to the Bettendorf,
Fenderßjeim, to the Counts of E/z-,
Florßadt, to the Loivens of Steinfurth.
Frankenßein, to th.e Walbrunns.
Friefenbeim.
Fruchten,
Fuhren,
Fufgenheim.
to the Steins.
to the Keßelßadt family.
Gabß:eim, is an eftate of the Dalbergs.
Ganerß:eim.
Geißenbeim, in the Rheingau.
Gerbach.
Gerclßoeim,
appertaining to the Dalbergs.
Guntheim, to the Gricßenklaus.
Hahnhcim.
liasborn,
to the Wildbergs.
lleicbelfneim, to the Wree family.
Hernßmm, to that of Dalberg.
Heuchelbeiin.
Flepzloch, to the Dalbcrgs.
Hilßuim.
2 Hoch-

;o8 GERMANY. [Swabia.
Hoch-Sfcyer, is a parochial-village, Melbach, a town in the Wetterau beone
third of which belongs to the longs to Baron Wetzel, though
Walbruns, and two thirds to Count HeJJe-Darmßadt is poflefled ofCe-
Leyne. veral prerogatives in it, particu-
Hochfly to the Mambachs. larly of the patronage of the living.
Holdin^ßiaiifeny a lordfliip of the Merten belongs to the Hatzjelds.
Hees family. Mommernheim, to the Dalbergs.
Holzbach. Montfori, to the family of Boos.
Horchheim, belonging partly to the Motten, contains a lordfhip of the
Hettesdorf family.
Hagens.
Huffelßmni, a village not far from Mtinchweiler, a lordfhip of the Lfy«'??
Kreutzenach, belongs to IValdeck family, lies on the Hunjdruck on
of Montfort, who holds it as a the riverGA?«, and isafief of iJ^wx
fief of the Wild and Rheingraves. Fonts. To it are annexed Glan,
JJßein, contains a manfion-houfe of Munchweiler,Nanfweiler,Steinbach,
the Stockheim family.
Gries, Birsborn, Heifchbach, and
Illingen, belongs to the Isj;rpens.
Kiergernhcim, lies on the Selz.
JLandskron.
Dietziveikr,
Sec.
Nalbncherthal, appertaining to the
Hagens.
Landjluhl, is a barony of the Sickin- Neuweyer, to the Knebelns of Katzegens,
containing four parochial- nelnbogen.
villages, viz. Landjluhl, Horbach, Loicer-Hofheim, to the Bette?idorfs.
Labach and Kirche?i-Armbach,vi\i\\ Loiver-Saiilbeim.
lome other places.
Nievern, with Fachbuch and Miihlheim,
a lordfliip on the Lahn, fi-
Leiningcn, on the Hitndjriicky belongs
to Count Leycn.
tuated about two hours from
Lind, a fief in tiie archbifliopric of Coblenz, to the Counts of Leyeny
the fmie name.
but is a fief of Sponheim.
Lixingen, an eftate of the Kerpens. Ockßatt, to the Frankenßeins.
Lorzweikr.
Oedingen, to the Hatzfelds.
Lutz, to the Wildbergs.
Otlerbach, not far from Kayferßautern,
Mambach, to the family of the like
is an eflate of the Counts
name.
Leyen.
Marrd-eiler, one part of it to the Fartenheim.
R indccks.
FauJfendorJ, appertaining to the Keffeljladts.
Medeß.cim, together with Seywei/er
and Fcppsnkam, a lordfliip near Flanig, a bailiwick to the convent
Bliefcafteil, to Count Leyen. oijacobsberg. This bailiwick lies
Meifenheim, a bailiwick, to the ba- near Kreutzenach.
rons of Steincallenfels. Remelßeim, to Count Elz.
Meißcrjcel, to the Leyen family, but Rollingen, to the Kerpens.
the village and feat of the fame Ruchum, to the Dalbergs.
name have long fince lain in ruins. Rudelß:cim.
Ruperfsberg,

Swabia.]
GER
Rupertsbergy to the Dalberg family.
Sqffig, a feat and village at a fmall
diftance from the Nette, to Count
Leyejty but is a fief of the Eledlor
of Cullen.
Sambach lying not far from Kayfers-
Lautern is another eftate of Count
Leyen.
Schornflmm.
Schonßeiti
belongs to the Hatzfeld.
Schweighaufen, to the Stein family.
Schweiberditigen,
to the Walbriinm.
Strafzbei}?!, to the Lowem of Steinfurth.
Steinbach.
Tripflatt.
XJdenbeim.
Venderß^eim.
Ulmen, to the JVildbergs.
Wachenbeim, to the Primen family.
MANY.
V/ahkcky to the Booji.
Wdldlauberjbeim, between Stromberg
and Bingen, was once a patrimony
of the Princes of Najfaii,
but has fince been made over redeemably
to the Counts oi Defeld.
JValhaufen, is a bailiwick of the
Baron Dalbergs.
Warsberg, and
Wartelfiein, belong to the Warsbergs.
Wattenheim, to the Blumenkrons.
Weiterfweikr.
Werther, and
Wildenberg, to the Hatzfelds.
Upper and Lower-Wiejen to the Hunoldßein
family.
Wiffeljheim, is an eftate of the
Lowens of Steinfnrth.
Wurzioeiler, belongs to the nobis
family of Kerpen.
5^9
Certain GANERBSHAF1LICHE GERBER^
Or C H E R I r A GES.
Forming no Part of the Nobility of the Empire.
'T~^HE Ganerbfchaftliche Oerter, are fuch as are under the joint poflefTion
-*•
and government of various families. Of thefe fome arc members of
the nobility of the Empire, but others not, and of the latter are compofed
the following articles, which contain,
however, only a few of the principal.
The FR I E D B E RG Burg,
T7RIEDBERG, a free burg holding immediately of the facred
Roman
"*•
Empire, is a Lutheran State thereof, confiding of a genuine and
antient nobility, who are both military and ecclefiafi;ical. Its name it
derives from the Burg, or caflle, which ftands on a rock above the imperial
town of Friedberg in the Wetterau, being very ftrong both by nature
and art. This caflle has a caftellan, with regent-burgmen and a great many
common burgmen. The defcendants of a burgman, though by the
mother's fide, are entitled to the freedom of the Burg. Its rights in the
town of Friedberg have been taken notice of under the account of the
latter.

E
5IO GERMANY. [Swabia.
latter. To It alfo belong the county (or comccid) with the Freygericht of
Kaichcn. The Burg, though it acknowledges itfelf a member of the
Rhi'fii/h nobility coHecftively, and concurs in the fubfidies or Charitativ
Gelder, payable to the Emperor, yet will not allow iticlt to be an incor-
MidJle-Rbine.
porated member of the canton of the
The GAN-ERBSCHAFr of STADEN
'T'^HE feat
in the IV
TTERA U,
and jurifdidion o^ Siadcnon the river Nidda'm ihtlFetterau,
-*-
to which is annexed the little town oi Staden, with the villages o^ Upper
and Lower- Mockjldtt, Heghcim, Staiuheim, and Upper and Lower-Fioßatt,
of which the three firft are fiefs of Menz, but the others, as likewife the
town of Staden, fiefs of the fee of Fulda, was purchafed in 1405 by
'John Count of IJenburg in conjundtion with fome noble independent
families, of "John of Livipurg and his confort Hildegard of Saariverden.
In the fame year the purchafers made a divifion of this inheritance into
four parts, but till 1662 held the jurifditlion and other privile2;es in common.
In that year the fole jurifdidion of Mockjlatt was ablblutely and
wholely ceded to the houfe of Jfenbiirg. Till 1729 the co-inheritance of
Staden was divided in the following manner: viz. the firft quarter was
pofiefied by the Counts of IJhiburg, of the fecond quarter five eighths by
the Carben family, and three eighths by the Burg oi Friedberg, the third
quarter was the fole property of the CorbeviS, as the fourth was of the Lowens
of Steinfurth, but the male line of the Corbens failing in 1729, the houfe
oi IJenburg intended, by virtue of a compaft made in 1709 with the coheirs,
to divide the Cor ben Hiare with the Lowens pro rata proportionis fua. The
Burg however took pofieffion of that ihare, which occafioned a procefs,
but whether it be terminated, or what is the prefent ftate of the eoheritages,
we ore not certainly informed.
7he Burg ofGELN HAUSE N.
'"jpHIS Burg flands near the town of Gebihanfen, defcribed above under
-* the county of Hanau. It is faid to have been ereded by the Emperor
Frederick I. and to have been inhabited fome time before the year
1444. The prefent coheirs to it are the For7;ieißeri of Gelnhaufen, the
Kemps of Freudenßein, the Schelmes of Bergen, and fome others. It is
greatly fallen from its former grandeur, infomuch that the Burg regency
at prefent confifts only of two mailer builders and a few regency burgmen.
The

[5" ]
The
D U T C H Y of
SI L E S I A.
INTRODUCTION.
|. I. ' I ''HE firft map of Sikfia was publifhed in 1561 by Martin
_|_
H^Iwig on four large (heets. This map is alfo to be feen in
OrteJius's theatrum orbis terrarum, and Cellarius's fpeculum orbis geograpbi'
cum, and has been inferted with amendments and divifions in the fubfequent
editions of Munfler\ Cojmography, and likewife in Blaeti's atlas. In
1738 alfo it was reprinted by Baumann of Breflau from the original copper
plates, which are ftill in being. Mercator in his atlas has given us
another, but this has been far furpaffed by a more recent one delineated
by "JoJias Scultctus and publifhed by Blaeiiw, Hond, "Janjfon, the Waesherges,
Sche?2k and Valk. The fame Scultetus has likewife defigned
particular maps of Lower-Sikfia, and the principalities of Breßau,
Grotkau, (more properly called Ncyfze) Lignitz, Oels, Wolau and Glogau
all appertaining to it. Further we have from "Jauer and Schweidnitz by
Khunow the fame maps as thofe firft publifhed by Blaeuw and "Janfon,
but which were afterwards greatly improved by Schenk and Valk. Another
good map of the principalities of Scbweidnitz and Jauer is that drawn by
Kohkr. Who was the author of a map entitled, Abrijz der Land-
Jchaft Schießen, fammt den angranzenden Königreichen und Landen, which
appeared in 1627, is uncertain. The Dankerts, Schenk, Hotnann, Covens
and Mortier have likewife publiflied new maps of Silefia, but thefe are all
fo defedlive and erroneous, that a more correcft one would be highly acceptable
to the public. In 1724 Nigrinus delineated a map of the principality
of Tefcben, and even engraved it himfelf on a copper-plate, which
being fuppreffed. Schenk put forth a much more elegant edition of it. By
order of the Emperor Charles VI. Mr. Mullcr a captain of engineers
famous

12 INTRODUCTION TO
famous for his excellent maps of Bohemia and Moravia, in 1720 fet about
a map of Sikfia, but his death, which followed in 172 i, put a flop to fo
defirable a work. Hereupon in 1723, the Emperor gave a like commiflion
to Mr. Wicland lieutenant of the engineers, who finirt)cd it at the
expence of the Princes and States of Sikfia ; but his work flill abounding
with hiftorical errors, and his premature death preventing him from
making the intended amendments, it was put into the hands of Mr. Schubarth,
at that time lieutenant, afterwards major of the engineers, and the
engraving and publication of it committed to Homantis heirs, under the
infpedtion of Count Haugwitz. Thefe employed profeflbr Hafe to redlify
the fcale, and other errors of Wieland in the admeafurement of degrees,
befides which they inferted all Mr. Schubartb'% amendments. The faults
however committed in the msnfuration were not to be remedied. The publication
of particular maps of this country firft took place in 1736; but
the Silt'/ian war breaking out in 1740, and the greater part of Silefia
falling under the power of Prujia, the publication of the faid maps was
by order of the King deferred till 1750, when it was permitted on condition
that the maps Hiould be publifhed as they were, and no further
amendments made in them. Thus in 1751 (though the title page fays 1750)
Homanns heirs put forth an Atlas Sileßa in a larger fize than the ufual
maps of that houfe, containing Meyer's map of all Silefi.a dated 1749,
with a map of Lower-Sihfia, publiQied in 1745, one of Upper-Sileßa
dated 1746, one of the dioce(e of Breflau dated 1751 and fixteen of the
particular principalities oi Silefia. Among the latter fourteen are dated 1736,
and two 1739. Wieland's maps of the principalities of Oels, Munßerberg,
Oppeln, Ratibor and T'efchefi were not corredled by Mr. Schuhartl\
though by miflake faid to be fo in the titles of the two former. In the three
general leaves of Silefia 2lxq alfo fome important errors. In the leaf containing
the whole dutchy of Silefia, the divifion of the county is erroneoufly
marked, and even three governments of Prußian Silefia not very accurately
delineated, the principality of Jauer belonging to the prefedlurate of
Brefiaii, and the county of Glatz, not incorporated with Silefiia, though
under the judicature of the pretediucate of Breßau, whereas the illuminatory
ftrokes include it within that oi Brieg. The two leaves zKooi Lower
and Upper-Sileßa are erroneous in making the principalities of Neyfize and
Munfierherg parts of Upper-Silefia, feeing they adually belong to Lower-
Sileßa, and it is not the obfervation of this in the leaf of Upper-Silefiia
that can fufficiently correiff fo grofs an overfight The faults common to
all the three leaves are that they ftill place the diftridl of Katficker in
Moravia, whereas by virtue of the peace of Berlin it appertains to Silefia,
and they ftill call the prefent principalities of Trachenberg and Carolath
State-lordfhips, the principality of Bilitz an inferior lordiliip, and the
itate-lordfliip of Gofcbucz an inferior lordfliip. It is hoped however that
we

SILESIA.
Ve fliall foon fee thefe errors correded by the induftry oi Homann\ houfe
which when done, \S\\% atlas notwithftanding the above-mentioned inaccuracies,
with fome others of lefs confequence, will deferve the charadler of
an ufeful and valuable performance. During the times when its publication
in the manner above-mentioned was permitted, Schienen of Berli/t
put forth a general map of all S'dijia, and likcwife fixteen feparate half
fheets of its principalities, fome of which are toleiable, but others full of
blunders. In 1757 was publiHicd at Vienna, a let of maps entitled
Novißmum Silfßce T'keatrum ßudio et opera lo. lac. Lidlii, which if the
title maybe believed, are quite new and excellent beyond all others, though
in reality they are only copies of Homanns general maps of Upper and
Loiver-Siltfia, with the addition of a few names of places borrowed from
more particular delineations. This map has been republifhed by Ccvens
and Mortier o^ Amßerdam, but both thefe alfo have their defedls. Another
edition of the atlas of Sikfia has been given us by Mr. Julien, and pub-
Uflied in 1758 at Paris In the firit part oiYix^ Atlas topographiqiie et militaire.
§. 2. Silejia terminates to the eaft on Poland, on which fide likewife
the country is wholly level and open, fouthward is feparated from Huno-ary
by a chain of mountains, and a wild thicket in fome parts a German mile
broad, and in others more or lefs, which thicket properly belongs neither to
Sileßa, the principality of Tejchen nor Hungary, though both countries
have frcquendy attempted to make it their own. But as neither are to part
this wüdernefs ;
and it has but one way to it, namely the main road, which
has been cut through the fame, it remains a natural and impenetrable
barrier both to Sileßa and Hungary. Towards the weft it joins Moravia
Bohemia, Lufatia and the county of Glatz. From the two firft of thefe
it is feparated by a vaft chain of hills, concerning which we fliall fay more
sn
in the fequel, but towards Lufatia is level and open. Northward it
borders on the Mark of Brandenburg, on which fide likewife it is level
and open. Its whole extent is about fix hundred and fifty geographical
Iquäre miles.
§. 3. To the weft and fouth Silefia is environed by a chain of hills,
for height and extent fome of the moft remarkable in all Europe. This chain
is called the Sudetißhe Gebirge or Monies fudeti, and commences at Fricdbcrg
on the ^eis in Upper-Lujaiia, forming two ridges. The firft of thefe, whicii
is in Lower-Silefta, pafles through the principality of Jauer znä Schweidnilz.
into the principality of Munßerberg and the county of Glatz, being about
fifteen geographical miles in length, and dividing Silejia from lirhcmia
and Glatz, on which account it is generally called the Bohei/nifche Gchirife.
A confiderable part of it, however, lying in the principality of yauer \%
known by the name of the Rießngebirge, or monies gigantcei, the hJghefi:
peak of which is the Schneehppe [or Jnow head) oiherwil'e called the Riejcnkoppe
(or giant\ head.) 1 his ridge, or rather a part of it, is likewife
Vol. VI. U u u fl:!cd

514 INTRODUCTION TO
filled the Mantes Riphai, or more properly Rhipai, but its other appellation
of Monies Cerconeß is devoid both ot" fenfe and property, as being coined
from Krkonojs, a Slavonic word fignifying a mountain. To this ridge ia
the principality of Schweidnitz belongs the mountain called the Eule or
Owl. The fecond ridge of the Sudet chain begins in the principality of
Mimßerberg, at the end of the firft, and pafiing through the principalities
of Neyfze, JagerndorJ, Troppau and 'tefchen, terminates at "Jablunka,
being about twenty-four geometrical miles in length. This ridge is called
the Mabrijche, (or Moravia??) Gebirge, and of it the Reichenfleinifcbe
Gebirge in the principality of Mimfterberg, with the Gejenke, or Montes
Demerforii, between the county of Glat-z and the principality of Troppau^
are two branches. Near yablwika alfo in the principality of 'Tefchen begins
the Hungarian or Carpathian chain, in Latin Carpates, and Montes Sarjnatici,
which afterwards divides Poland and Hungary. Below it alfo, in
the middle of the Zotenberg, is the highefl mountain in the principality of
Schweidnitz. Among the other mountains here the moft remarkable is
the Spitzberg, lying in the principality of Lignitz, the St. Georgenberg
clofe by Strigau, the Gratzberg in the principality of Lignitz, the Ruheberg
fituated between Schivetdnitz and the Reichenbach, or Jabnjdorferberg
in the principality of Brieg.
§. 4. In the above-mentioned mountains and all over that part of Upper-
Silefia lying towards Moravia and Hungary, the winter fets in earlier, is
of longer continuance, and much more fevere, than in the levels. In
thofe very months, when, at the foot of the Riefengebirge and the Gefenk
every thing is covered with ice and fnow, the trees at Breßau are in full
verdure in winter. The inhabitants of the mountains are not only confined
to their houfes by the fnows, but like the Laplanders and people of
Car7iiola ufe a kind of flN.aites, by the help of which they pafs over the Inows
with amazing fwiftnefs. The fandy parts in the principality o^Glogau, and
beyond the Oder towards Foland, with the mountainous traft, which is of
confiderable extent, produce but little, befides which their grain alfo is
far floort of a fufficiency for the inhabitants. This deficiency however in
good years is compenlated by the fertility of the other and larger part of
Silefia, which exclufive of wheat, rye, barley and oats, yields likewife
maize or turkey wheat, fpelt, buck-wheat, millet, linfeed, peas and beans.
The culinary vegetables, about Breßau, Brieg, Neyfze, Frankenßein and
Lignitz are excellent, and the neighbourhood of Grunberg and Lower-
Biiitben afford plenty of fine fruits. Such fpots likewife as are unfit for
tillage or not duly improved that way, either make good pafture grounds»
or are covered with wood, inlomuch that there is fcarce any part of
Sihfia, which may be faid to be abfolutely ufelefs and barren. Even in
the circle of the principality of Oppeln, which lies contiguous to Foland^
and bears fo indifferent a charafter, are many fubftantial families, who live
in

SILESIA. 515
in the moft defirable affluence. Perfons of rank are alfo feen to purchafe
edates there, and in thofe piirchafcs it is always an article of their
agreement that the eftates fliall yield Cix per cent, but of many, after feme
years, the produce amounts even to ten or twelve. Of flax too here is
abundance, but hemp not in fuch plenty as is wrought, confiderable
quantities of that commodity being imported from Hungary and Poland.
H'nnmel, which is alio fpun here, is already become fufliciently known.
Hops likevvife are feen every where, but principally abound near Miinßcrberg,
Madder which was firfl brought hither in the fixteenth century, by a
Flemijh merchant, is cultivated with fuch fuccefs about Brejlau, Lignitz,
Ohlaii and Strelen, as to form one of their moft confiderable exports.
Scharte, a yellow die is gathered by cartloads, befides which here are tobacco
plantations, but the faffron of this country has little to recommend
it. In many feafons the wine here is fuch as may be drank with pleafure,
efpecially when it has continued for fome years in the cellar. In the
mountains and Upper- Silefui, tar, pitch and refin is m

5i6
INTRODUCTION TO
produce, and even at prefent at 'Tarnoiuitz^ the SUberberg and Rcichcnßcin
fome of the latter are ftill worked. Vitriol is alTo found here in feveral
places. At Kupferberg too, or t\ie copper hill, in the principality oi Jauer,
are mine works of copper and lead ; at Riideißadt alfo fome of the former,
and at Muffel of the latter, exclulivc of great numbers of iron foundaries.
Warmbnin one German mile from Hirjchhcrg has a warm bath.
In the principality oi Schweidiiitz and other parts are feveral mineral fprings.
Their breeding of horned cattle extends no further than what is juft neceffary
for the plough and a fufficiency of milk, butter and cheefe, and their oxen
are ftill fewer in number, on which account the markets are principally
fupplied from Poland and Hungary. The moft noted of thefe ox markets
are thofe of Brteg, Bre/Iau and Schiveidnitz, where formerly at the annual
fair, it was ufual to fee ten, twelve or fifteen thoufand head of Polißj and
/itf77^^r/fl« cattle, and fometimes even more. The ftudshere breed many fine
and flout horfes ; but the country does not afibrd a fufficiency of this fpecies of
cattle, wherefore befides thofe bought up at Francfort fair, great numbers
are brought hither likevvife from Lithuania. The inhabitants of the hilly
trafls keep goats, and eflimate the profit of two good ones to be equal to that
of a cow, a great deal of cheefe being made of their milk. The breed
of flieep here alfo is very profitable on account of the excellency of their
wool. Thefe üieep are fliorn by them twice a year, but the fummer wool
is reckoned preferable to that of winter, though fomewhat lighter. The
mofl frequented wool fairs are kept twice a year at Breßau. Of venifon
and game fome parts enjoy a tolerable plenty, wbilfl; in others they are
fcarce. The wild beads of this country, whofe fkins are valuable, are
lynxes, which frequent only the mountainous parts, foxes, weafels, otters
and beavers, but thofe in no great number. In the Oder are caught
falmon and flurgeon, the latter of which are fometimes fix or feven ells
in length, Zante, fkate from forty to fifty pounds and upwards, lampreys,
^c. The other rivers here, but more efpecially the lakes and
ponds abound in various kinds of fi(h, fuch as pyke, carp, trout, mullets,
&c. The breeding of bees in this country is not fo confiderable as to
anfwer the confumption of honey and wax, for which reafon great quantities
of both are imported from Poland, but their culture of filk is in a
fair way of being carried to its utmofl extent.
The Oder or Ader, in Latin Odera, Viadrus, and Viader, has its ccurfe in
Moravia, but is not of any confiderable bignefs till it reaches Silefia, which
it traverfes nearly from end to end, and at Ratibor becomes navigable. Its
depth is very unequal and no lefs uncertain on account of its fandy
bottom ; befides which, as the fhifting of thefe fands cannot be prevented, and
great numbers of oaks undermined by the torrents fall into the rivers, efpecially
in Upper-Silefa, where its courfe lies principally through forefls ofthat
wood J the gravel gathering among them cccafions flioals and banks. Its
margins

;
SILESIA.
margins too are generally low and fandy, infomuch that it frequently
overflows them, to the great damage of the adjacent country. Into it
run all the lelTer rivers of this territory, as namely, the Oppa, the OJicr or
Oßravice, the Elje, the Neyfze, the Ohhiu, the Stobe)-, the Lake, tiie IVeyde^
the Barfjch, the Bcbcr, 6cc. the courfe of which through the Mark
of Brandenburg and Pomerania has been already defcribed in thole countries.
Two other rivers, vi-z. the /^//?i^/i;7 and £7^^ have their fource alio in
this dutchy, the former ifluing from three fprings or rivulets fituated
among the lofty mountains in the principality of Te/chen on the frontiers
of Poland, after which it runs northward through the principality of
T^efchen, from whence meandring eaflward it paffes through the
ftate-lordihip of Plefz into Poland. The fource of the Elbe, though
generally placed in Bohemia, yet lies in reality within Sileßa, and therein
on the Riefengebirge or gia?jt'% hill in the principality of Jaiier. However
it immediately enters the circle of Kofiigfgratz in Bohemia, where it is
further increafed.
§. 5. With refped to the number of cities in Sileßa, even the hiftorians
and geographers themfelves, who are natives of that country, differ.
Sch'wenkfeld reckons one hundred and thirty walled cities and towns
Schickjus computes them at one hundred and fifty, but this Lucas makes
a difficulty of affenting to. The Sileßographia, as corredled by Fibiger,
enumerates in all Sileßa, the dutchy of Crojfen included, one hundred and
feventy-feven cities, exclufiveof five charter-places, though atprefent in low
circumftances. Sommer affirms that Sileßa aüually contains one hundred
and feventy-three large and fmall places endowed with city charters, and
profeffor Burk is of opinion that this computation is right, to which he
adds, that thus in the whole of Silefia and the county of Glatz are one
hundred and eighty cities and market towns, but concerning thefe laft
words two things are to be obferved ; viz. firfl: that market-towns are not
cities ; and fecondly that the county of Glatz contains nine of the latter,
whence of courfe the true number of places there, endowed with city
charters amounts to one hundred and eighty-two ; from which if we
dedudl the cities in the dutchy of Croßen and the county of Glatz, one
hundred and fixty-nine would remain flill to Sileßa in its prefent flate. In
the Atlas of Silefia we find one hundred and eighty-two places marked as
cities either walled or open : and in all Sileßa, the principality of Croß'eii
and the county of Glatz excluded, I have reckoned one hundred and fixty
nine cities walled and open, with fourteen market-towns. No lefs variation
is there in the number of its villages, but inftead of propagating,
the abfurd exaggerations of fome writers, we fhall only obferve that
Henelius of Hennenjeld afferts that the number of villages returned, after a
formal computation of them in 1 6
1 3 amounted to 476 , 1 . Fibiger in a note
upon this author is for correäing bim, and thinks that their number muft
be
S'7

5i8
IN T RODUCTIO N TO
be nearly 6000 more or lefs j but profeffor Burk very juftly gives us to
uiidcrftand that this' computation carries a conliderable excels with it,
and that the number let down in the regifter is about 5000. This being
luppofed true, and the dediK'.tion inade oi the villages on the dutchy of
Großen and tlie county of Giatz, which are included therein, the number
for Silefui, in i's prefent ftatc will be found to amount pretty nearly to
that given by H^ncliui, which wc therefore adopt as the moft exaft and
probable. The ILmnin's oi Niirtiba-g in their Adas of Silefta have been
at the pains of numbeiing ail the cities, towns, villages, feats, farms,
fheephoufes, forges, mil's, pirch and glals-houles therein, together with
the convents and chapels, and in a word all places diftinguifhed by any
particular appellation, the lum total of which is 6^97. To thefe wc
fhali add that the largeft and moft wealthy villages here, with the
greattfl number and brft of the fmall cities, as alio thofe that en'oy the
moft thriving trade, with the richeft likewife of the nobility and commoners,
a;e all fitujted in the hilly parts. That the number of people
in S.'/c/ia exceeds one million and a half will appear from the followiiig
probable computarion. In our account of the Altuk of Brandenbuig
we have aflerted from unqueflionable authority, that betwixt the
years 1750 and 1756, the annual number of burials in all the King
of Pfußiüi dominions amounted to 125,348 one year with another.
Now Mr. Siifzjnilch in his work entitled die beßatigte gottliche Ordnung in
den Berovderu7igcn des inenj'chlichen Gefchlechts or an illufiraticn cj Gods
Jlated method in the change of the human race, p. 79, fays that during the
aforefaid years, there died annually in the ancient Prujßan territories, exclulive
of Sileßa and Edßfriijland y^yOoo perfons, which fum being fubftradled
from the foregoing, the yearly number of deaths for Prujian Sile/ia
and EiiJlJrießa?id vj'iW amount to 47,348. For Eaßfrießand may be reckoned
equal to the Bohemian part of Silefui. Deducing therefore this number of
annual burials from all Silejia and the county of Glatz ; let us next fuppofe
that in thefe countries, of thirty-eight living perfons, there annually
dies four, then mufl the number of the living of courfe amount to near
iSooooo. Thus we hope we have made good our aflertion. The principal
nations in Silejia are the Germans and Poles. Of the latter are chiefly
compofed the country people in Upper-Sileßa, but in the principalities of
Troppau and JagerndorJ^ with the Germans and Poles, are intermixed fomfe
Moravians. Formerly the country dialed here was the fame with that
fpoken in Poland, but Sileßa devolving to the fon of Ladißaus II. and
great numbers of foreigners, particularly Geimans, fettling in the countr}',
the old language not only became gradually changed to a Slavonic,
and very different from the Polijh, but the German has alfo diffufed itfelf
atTiOng dicm. Till the fourteenth century all law inflruments, as well as
all writings both public and private were drawn up in the Slavonic or
Latittt

SILESIA.
Latin, but at that time, and more efpecially in the year J 3
was introduced into their offices, and to this very day is fpokcn by tnott
of the inhabitants, though in Upper-Sik/ia and beyond the Oder the
52, the German
Slavonic is very common, but in fome places bears a nearer affinity to the
Polijh, but in others to the Moravian. Further, in all the courts within
the principalities of Oppeln, Ratibor, 'Troppau and Ttifchen all proceedings
are carried on in the Bohemian language,
Exclufive of the clergy, in Sile/ia refide dukes, princes, counts, baron?,
gentlemen, citizens and peafants, with all either immediately or mediately
fubjedl to the grand duke or fovereign of Silefia. The dukes or princes
here, with the free Standcjherrcn or State lords, alTifted by the nobility, who
are immediately fubjeä: to the fovereign of the country, both in the Erb~
jurßentumcrn., or hereditary principalities, and the chief cities of thofe principalities,
compofe the States of the dutchy of Sllejia, which in general
are called Furjlen or Princes, and Stande or States, and their general
aflembly, from the firft rank thereof, is diftinguifhed with the title of
Furßentage. Whilft Sllejia was under a fovereign of its own the Fur-
Jientage were generally at Brejlau. Its dukts or princes till the year 1740
were only fiv^, namely the Bilhop of Breßau, who is always firll Duke
or Prince, the Prince of Oeh and Bernjiadt, who is Duke of IVurtemberg
and Teck, the Prince of Troppau and 'Jagerndorf, who is Prince alfo of
Lichtenjleln, the Duke of Sagan, who is Prince of Lobkowitz, and the
Duke of Munllerberg and Frankenßeln, who is likewile Prince of Allersberg.
To thefe, fince the King of Priißia has been fovereign of it, are
to be added the Prince of Carolath, who is Count Schonaich, with the
Prince of Trachenberg, who is likewife Prince of Hatzfeld. In the
Bohemian part of Sile/ia the Mijtderherjfchaft or inferior lordffiip of Bilitz
has been raifed to a principality under the title of Sulkowiky. The tree
Sfatidejherrfckaflen here were formerly fix ;
viz. Wartenberg., Miliffch, Plefz,
'Trachenbcrg, Beuthen and Carolatb, but of thefe the fouitli and (ix'h are
now principalities. On the other hand, the Mmdcrherrjchaff of Gofchutz
is at ^xtkntiiStandeßjerrfchaft. The ^vo^ntiovs oi (heixte Minderherrlchajts
(or Status minores) were (and indeed are flill) pofTefied of divers privileges
above other Counts and Barons, but are not admitted to the D.et. 1 he
Princes and States here when affembled in Diet were divuied into three
clafies or councils. The firfl confided of the Princes ami free Staudesherren,
in which each Prince had a diflinil vote, whereas ail the free
Standeßjerren colledively have now but one. The fecond council v/as compofedotthe
nobility in the hereditary principalities, and capital oi Brcßaii^'wh'xQh.
unitedly enjoyed but nine votes, that is to fay the nobility of the principalities
of i'Ci^ic'f/d'w/Vz z\~\d yenter jointly one, thofe of G/ö^yz/^ one, ihoi&oi Oppeln
and Ratibor one. thole of Bre/lau one, thofe of Lignitz one, thofe of Brirg
one, thofe of IVolau one, thofe of T'ejcben one, and the city of Breßau
alfo one. The metiibers of the third council were the eight reprefematives
of
519

S20
INTRODUCTION TO
of the cities of Schweidnitz and Jauer, with, their precinft towns ; of
Gkgau with the precindt towns of the principality of the fame name ; of
tlic cities of 0[>peln, 'Neumark and Namflau, with thofe of Li^nitz^ Brieg
and Wolau ; but the greater part of ^ikfia falling under the Prußan dominion,
this form of government was luperfcded, and no longer any Furßentage
held. This innovation, however, was mitigated by his majefty's
confirmation of the Furft^nrecbty concerning which more in the lequel.
With refpedt to the htcolat in the dutchy of Stle/ia, and county of Glatz,
K\n2^ Frederick \\. in 1754 iffued an ediä: to the following purport, viz.
that the families of nobles fettled there, fliould at all times be at liberty to
difpofe of their eftates to other noblemen ; but that all, both natives and
aliens not defcended of a noble family of uncontroverted antiquity, that is to fay
of fuchaswere ennobled before the year 1 701, and at the fame time poflefled of
eftates in Silejia, or between that year and theprefent time, have been favoured
with the Incolatfdiploma, for the attainment of the Incolat privileges (fuch
not being ranged under any particular rank) muft qualify themfelvesat the
feveral courts to which their eftates are fubjeded, which courts are impovvercd
to grant fuch licence. Nobiliary eftates alfo at prefent enjoyed by
noble families fhall he alienated only to nobles; but on the other hand, nobiliary
eftates of which the prefent proprietors are commoners fliall remain
in the hands of commoners. Further, commoners who have obtained the
Silefuin incolat in its full extent, fliall be capable of purchafing other fuch
nobiliary eftates.
§. 6. The inhabitants of Siileßa are of different fedls in their religion.
His majefty King Frederick II. was pleafed at the peace of Berlin in 1742
to promife that the popifti religion fhould continue in ßatu quo, though
without detriment to the freedom of confcience of the proteftant inhabitants,
or to his own prerogati\e as fovereign. This promife has accordingly
taken place fo happily that all parties enjoy a perfedl liberty of confcience.
The greateft number uf papifts are in the diocefe of Breßau.
Though the principality oiTroppau belongs to the diocefe of O/wr/Zz, yet the
part of Ä'/iP/w bordering on the Polißo Woywodjchajt of Fofen is under the
Bifhop of Pofen; and the ecclefiaftical jurifdiftion of the Biftiop of Cracoio
extends throughout the Auic\\y oiTefcken,X.\\t free Standeß^errfchajt oi Phßz,
and the country bordering on the dutchy of Severia. This fee was firft
founded in 966 at Schmoger (or Sz-mogrow) in the precinft of Natnßau^
but in 1041 removed to Pitfchen, though foon after to Breßau. Formerly
its bifhop was a fuiTragan to the archbifhop of G^«/ö m Poland, but a:
prefent holds immediately of the Pope. He is always the firft among the
princes or dukes of Sileßa, and as firft duke thereof receives the principality of
Neyfze, which belongs to him, in fief from the K\n g of Pru^ia, to whom he
does homage for it, and takes an oath of fubmiftion, fidelity and allegiance.
King Frederick II. has alfo declared the Bilhop vicar-gcneral of all the
popiih

SILESIA. 521
popifli clergy within his dominions. In 175
i a map of the bifhop's diecefe
in Sile/ia was publithed by Homann% heirs from a draught of Felbigcr,
and is to be feen in the Jtlas of Sile/ia. This diocefe or the biüiopric itielf
is divided into four archdeaconries, namely thofe of Brc/Iau, Glogau,
Oppeln and LignilZy which, exclufive of the cathedral of Brcßau, comprehend
under them feven collegiate churches, with feventy-feven arch-prefbyteries,
fixteen priories, five hundred and feventy-fix pariüies, and eightyfix
convents, that is to fay fixty-eight of monks and eighteen nunneries, of
which, however, feveral are exempt from the bilhop's jurifdidion. All ecclefiaftical
benefices here, not even excepting thefee of BreJIau are in the King's-gift.
The reformation in Sikßa was firft introduced in the year 1522 by the
principality of Lignitz^ under the aufpices of Frederick II. Duke of
Ligiiitz, and foon extended itfelf from thence into the hereditary principality
of Briig. The city of Breßau, which had before fequeftrated fomc
monallical lands towards charitable ufes, likewife embraced Lutheramfniy
and its example was followed by the city of Scbiaeidnitx, as it was alfo
afterwards by the Dukes of Munflerberg, and Ot-Z^ with great numbers of
their vaflals, next by the principality of Sagan, and then by the hereditary
principalities, fo that by degrees the reformation became propagated all
over Silifa. In 1609 the Emperor Rodolphiis II. granted to the Princes,
States and vafTals of the ylugiburg confeflion in Upper and Lcwer-Silefia the
Majeßatbrief, by which the free and uninolefled exercife of their religion,
with the pofTeffion of their churches, fchools and confiftories were confirmed
to them, as well as permiffion to build others, &c. but on the deceafe of that
Emperor violent meafures were ufed for bringing back theLntherans to popery.
In 1635 the treaty oi Prague feemed to promife them quiet and fafetv, but
thefe blefllngs were of fliort duration, though fo far reflored by the peace of
Weßphalia'm 1648 that it was therein expreßy flipulated, that the Princes of
Stilejia profefTinig the Augsburg confelTion, that is to lay, the Dukes oi Briegy
Lignitz, Munjlerberg and Oels, with the city of Breßau, fhould continue
polfefTed of their former privileges, as alio of the free exercife of their religion,
in fuch manner as was permitted them before the war. To the counts, barons,
gentlemen and vafTals ofUpper-Sileßa, profefTing the Augsburg confeffion, his
imperial majcrty is pleaicd to permit, that they may perform divine
worOnp in their neighbouring placts, and if not voluntarily difpcfed to depart
the countiy, they are allowed to remain there. To thofe of the Aiicsburg
confelfion in the cities of Sckweidnitz, Jauer and Glogau, he grants
to build three churches, (ic. The Lutherans, however, thus loil not only
the above-mentioned dutchies and the city of i)rcy7^/z/, together with their
churches, the three new built churches excepted, but their opprefiions
alfo were foun renewed, and prvaüed on too many to embrace popery.
Thefe conveniencies fell heaviert on the Lutherans xn'Upper-Sileßa, who had
many miles to go to the nearefl Lutheran church, and in the principality of
Tejchen and Troppau^ even above twenty German miles. By the protedlion
Vol. VI. X X X however

522 INTRODUCTION TO
were diftinguillied
however of Charles XII. the religious ftate of the Lutherans in Sileßa vvas
greatly amended, that monarch in the convention, concluded between him
and the Emperor Jofeph at Old-Ranßadt in 1707, obtaining for them,
befides other religious liberties, licence aUb to build fix new churches, which
by the appellation of the Gnadenkirchen, with the reftitutionof
one hundred and eighteen more in the principalities of Zz/g^wZ/z, Briegy
Wolau, Mimßerherg, Oels and the city of Breßau, which they had been
deprived of,
fo that they became poflelled of three hundred and twenty-five
churches, to which one was afterwards added under the Emperor Charles VI.
Thefe benefits were confirmed in 1709 by an adl of State at Breßau^
though it is to be obferved that they coft the Lutherans no lefs than
487000 florins, partly as a loan to the Emperor, and partly as a gift. Laftly,
under the aufpicious government of the King of Prußa, aperfecTl liberty of
confcience has been granted them, with permiiTion likewife to build new
churches under the title of Bethhaufer or oratories, which have increafed to
the number of two hundred and thirty. But in places where the benefices
are in the hands of the popilh clergy, the Lutherans pay the /«r

S I L E S I yJ.
sr relide. The ScbwenkfeUers likewife, by a royal edid dated in 1742, Lad
liberty to return into Loiver-Silejia, where they were taken into immediate
patronage. At Brcjlau is a Greek church, befides which the jVa'i alfo arc
permitted their lynagogues.
§. 7. Silejia has ever been famous for producing men of learning, of
whom not a few have very eminently diftinguiOied themfelves : among
them is that great improver of philofophy Baron Wolf. The Lutherans
for the inftrudtion of youth, befide fome Latin fchools, fuch as thofe in the
new town at Breßau, Lignitz and other places, are further poßeiled of two
Gymnafiums at Breßau, and of one at Brirg. Among the papifts the principal
feminaries are the Jcfuits colleges, with the univerfity at Brcj7au, and
at Lignitz is an academy, where young gentlemen of both religions arc
inftruded in
martial exercifes.
§. 8. The principal manufacture, and at the fame time one of the greatel'l
means of fubfiftence in Silejia, is that of thread, twine, linen, flax and
dainafk, for which Landcjhut, Hirjchberg, Schniedcberg, Greijfhiberg, and
other places in the hilly country, as well towns as villages, are the mol}:
noted. The printing of linen in water and oil colours, is alio at fome
places here carried to great perfeiftion, belides which canvafs and buckrams
of feveral kinds are made of thread and worfled, and for this laft manufacture
Reichenbach is the ftaple. The plain, ftriped and flowered veils, with
a mixture of red Turhjh thread, are made in this country of fuch finenefs
as to fell for four florins and upwards per ell. For thefe manufactures the
moft famous place is Hirfchberg. Laces are alfo made here of tolerable
finenefs, and of paper, Sileßa makes more than for its own ufes. Strong
woollen cloths of a middling finenefs are wove at Breßau, Brieg, Grunherg,
Luben, Steinau, the Goldberg, Parchwitz, Strelea and other places.
Befides flückirigs too and hats, here are likewife manufadures of linfeyv/oolfey,
ferge, druggets, plain and figured fuftians, plufii, calamanco, and
other ftufl^s; as alfo of cotton, ginghums, (s'c. befides which ieather-dreffing
is well underftood here. In their glafs-houfes too, which are numerous
enough, are made thofe beautiful kinds of glafi^es known liy the name of
Krißall, and Kreiden or chalk glafs; and in no country is glafs more exquifitely
poliflied and cut. In Sileßa alfo are great numbers of powder-mills,
with a greater number ftiU of iron mills and manufadures of that metal.
§. 9. The principal exports of this dutchy are madder, millltones,
thread, yarn, linen, veils, uool and woollen cloths, with flufls and paper.
The Sileßan merchants deal likewife largely in wax, honey, hides, leather,
and furs, which are for the moft part brought them from Poland, Hungary,
and Rußia. On the other hand, they import Poliß:/ wheat, oxen, horfes,
and rock-fall-, with wines, though chiefly from Loioer and Upper-Hungary^
Moravia, Aujiria, the countries about the Rhine, and France ; black cattle,
and horfes from Hungary^ boiled fait from Hall and Schönebeck^ fpices, drugs,
X X X 2
manu-
S^T

524 INTRODUCTION TO
manufa

SILESIA. 525
ekus, Miecißaus, and Conrad fons of IVladlßaiu II. the territory of Silcßa,
which at that time was not exadtly bounded by the fame limits as at prefent,
Thefe three brothers fliared the country among themfelves in fuch a
manner that the firft obtained the middle part, the lecond the upper, and
the third the lower. The middle part oiSikfia in thofe days included the
prefent principalities of Neyfze, Brieg, Oels, Munjlcrberg^ Brrßau, Sclnvcidiiitz,
Jauer, Lignitz and Wolau, as alfo Militjch, T^racbenberg and Wartenberg.
To Upper-Silcßa belonged the prefent principalities of Tefchen, Ratibor,
Oppeln, Plejz and Beuthen. Laftly, under Lower-Silefia were included
Glogau, Saga/!, Crojfen, Beuthen, Schiviebus, and all the country between the
Mark of Brandenburg to the Warta. Conrad dying in i 578 without heirs,.
BoL'ßaiis feized on all Lower- Si lefia, and kept polTeffion thereof againft the
oppofition of his brother Miecßaiis.- From this cera the title of Middle-
Sileßa again became obfolete, and Lower-Sileßa, which was thereon annexed
to it, was rendered almoft twice as large as the Upper. How the
fcveral principalities in Sileßa came to be erefted by the deicendants of Boleßaus
and Miecißaiis, who all ftiled themfelves Dukes of Sileßa, fhall be
related under the particular defcription of each, only observing here, tha^t
every appenaged Duke named his own portion, or principality from the:
chief town. John King o^ Bohemia availed himfelf of thefe divifions and
occurrences, by which Silejia had been weakened, to bring it under his dominion,
in which he fucceeded ; for from the year 1327 all the Dukes of
Sileßa, two only excepted, fubmitted one after another to hold their territories.
in fief from him, with a referve only of the moft confiderable Regalia.
His fon and fuccelTor King Charles IV. by virtue of his confort Anne, inherited
the ftill
fubfifting principalities oi Schweidnitz and Jauer, and thereon
in 135? incorporated all S;7f//ö with the Bchemia/i dopcwmorii:, Caßmir the
Great, King ot' Poland, in 1335 and J
338, and his fucceffor King Lewis in
1356 and I
372 reigning their claim to it. Under the Bohemian governors
great revolutions happened in Sileßa. The do;'i^rines of Hujz, Luther,
Scbwenkfeld and Calvin found their partifins, who fometimes by formal
compaüs were permitted the public exercife of their worfhip. The Ober or
Furßenrecht in Latin (fupremum tribunal principum atque ordijium^ granted
ill 1498 by King Wiadißaus to the Dukes and States oi Sileßa, united the
feparate dutchies into a clofer conneäion with each other: but the power of
thele dutchies was continually declining, and that of the governor's inciealing.
Further the Dukes of the Piaßa family failing, a part of their lands
fell under the immediate vafialage of the governors, though other parts
indeed were conferred on Dukes and Princes,
but on a much worfe tenure
than that by which the Piaßa race held them. Thus all things in Sileßa
came gradually to be put on the German footing, and many German families
of all ranks removing thither, they introduced a better ceconomy, with great
improvements in trade and manufaitures; and the profperity of the country
wculd

526 INTRODUCTION TO
would have been carried ftill higher, had the Proteftants been treated lefs
rigoroully, and the natives inverted with a proper fliare of the employments
in the court of the governors. The death of the Emperor Charles VI. in
1740, produced alfo great changes in Silejia, Frederick II. King oi Prußa
laying claim to the following principalities: mz. Firft, to the principality of
"JcigcrndorJ, which in 1524, with the approbation of Le'wis King of Bohemia
and Hungary, was purchafed by George Marggrave of Brandenburg from tiie
hoLife of Schellenberg, and bequeathed by him to his fon George Frederick,
from whom by agreement it devolved to 'Joachim Frederick, Eledfor of
Brandenburg, who left it to his fon John George, whom the Emperor Ferdidinand
II. put under the ban of the Empire, by which in 1623 he loft; the
principality of JagerndorJ] the Emperor, notwithflanding a proteft; from the
ieveral branches of the whole houfe of Brandenburg, conferring it on the
Prince oi LichtenJIein. Indeed the E\cö:or Frederick PFilliam in 1686 renounced
his claim to it, in confideration of the circle of Schivibus being made
over to him ; but this, in 1695, his fon Frederick rcftored to the houfe of
Au/lria in lieu of the fum of 250,000 florins: but King Frederick II. maintained
by feveral arguments, that thole ceflions and compacts on which they
were founded, were invalid. Secondly, to the principalities of Ligmtz, Brieg
and PFolau, by virtue of the compadt of inheritance entered into in 1537.
between Frederick Duke of Ligniiz and Brieir, and Joachim II. Elector of
Brardrdburg, by which the former was fully empowered to feize it by virtue
of the privileges granted the Kings oi Bohemia in the years 1329, 1505,
151 1, 1522, 1524, and 1529, to his anceftors and himfelf, notwilhftanding
the Emperor Ferdinand I. in i 546, had declared fuch compadl of inheritance
void. Thefe principalities therefore had been unjuftly withheld from the
electoral houfe of Brandenburg, ever fince the failure of the Dukes of Lig-
Tiitz. The above claims were fo effecfually fupported by the march of an
army into Silcßa, that Maria Thereßa daughter and heirefs to the Emperor
Charles VI. and Queen of Hungary and Bohania, by a preliminary treaty at
BreJJau, which was foon followed by a ratification of the fame at the peace
of Berlin, did on behalf of herfelf
her heirs and fucceflbrs of both fexes, for
ever cede to the King of PruJ/ia and his heirs and fucceffors of both le.xes,
with intire fovereignty and independency of the crown of Bohemia the countries
of Upper and Lower- Silefia, together with the diftri

S I L E S I yl
hand, the King of P/7///Vz, for himfelfand fucceflbrs renounced all deinands
on the Qaeen oi Hungary, and took on himfelf the dilcharge of the Silcßaii
debt due to the fubjeds of Great-Britain, Holland, and the ftates of Brabant.
T'he fame year alfo the Hmits between Prußan and yliijlrian Sik/ia'
were fetded and diftinguiOied by one hundred and thirty-eight pillars, with
plates of lead affixed to them. This peace however, in 1744 was interrupted
by a new war, which, was terminated by the treaty oi Drrfden, on
the twenty-fifth oi December, 1745, wherein ihok o( Brejlau iind Berlin,
with the convention of 1742 were renewed and ratified. The year J
756
produced the third Sileßan war, which flill continues to the very great de-
Iblation of that country.
§. II. The King oi Priißia is {\.y\c6. fiuveraine and oherßc herzog von
Schießen, and in his title, thefe words immediacely follow that of Eledor.
By the treaty of Berlin, the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia has alfo retained
to herfelf her heirs and fucceflbrs the title of Sovereign Dutchefs of
Sileßa, but the Emprefs Queen Maria Therefia properly ftyles herfelf Dutchefs
oi Upper and Lower-Sileßa, placing this title immediately after Burgundy.
The arms of the dutchy of Silejia are topaz, an eagle crowned,
diamond with a half moon pearl on its breafi:, the ends of which are fomctimes
in form of an acorn and fometimes refembie little crolles.
§. 12. Silejia was never immediately conneded with the Empire, having
at no time been an imperial fief, nor obtained a feat or vote in the diet.
Neither has it been ever fubjedt to the fupreme tribunals of the Empire, fo
that here the imperial laws are of no force, and though in the antient matriculas
of 1431, 1447, 1471 and 1481, it ftands aflcfled with Bohemia,
Moravia, and Liifatia, this was afterwards difcontinued ; yet uhen it came
to be annexed to the crown oi Bohemia, it acquired a mediate conjunction
with the empire; and in 1708 when the Emperor Jofeph reaflumed his feat
and vote in the eie-doral college as Eleflor of Bohemia, he ingaged both for
that kingdom as well as for all the territories appertaining thereto (confequently
therefore for Silefia alfo) to pay to the feveral imports and taxes of
the Empire and the Circle the afleflrnent of an Eledlor, with three hundred
guilders befides, annually to the chamber oi Wetzlar. On the other hand,
the Germanic body obliged itfelf to take into its defence and protedtion the
kingdom oi Bohemia with all its incorporated territories, and of courfe Sileßa;
in which mediate conjunftion with the Empire the Bohemian part of
Sileßa flill. continues, whereas the King of Prujia having obtained the
greater part of this country with intire fovereignty, and abfolutely independent
of the crown of Bohemia, (fee §. 10.) governs it accordingly, as a flats
abfolutely free and diverted of the leaft connexion with the Empire. But
in 175 1, the Empire becoming a guarantee to his Prujian majefly for the
fecure pofliefllon of the dutchy oi Sileßa ; a provifo was made for its rights
confequential to fuch an engagement.
§• J3-
527

52a
INTRODUCTION TO
§, 13. In lieu of the ancient courts in the immediate principalities, fucli
as thofe of the Oberamt of Breßau, as far as it is juridical, with the
Landeßjaiiptmanneyen, the Mamigericbt, the Zivolfergericht, the Zaudenrechts,
the Ritterrechts, the HoJ iind all other courts held in the fovereign's name, the
King of Prußia in his part of Sile/ia, has eredled three Oberamtfregierungen,
that is to fay thofe at Breßau, Glogau and Oppeh, but in 1756 the
laft of thefe was removed to Brieg. To the firll belong the immediate
principalities of Breßau, Schweidnitz, Jauer iknd Brieg ; under the fecond
are Glogau, Wolaii and Ligtiitz ; and the third includes Oppeln and
Ratibor. To thefe Obcramtfregicrungen is alfo in a delegatory manner committed
the care of the adminillration of juftice in the mediate principalities,
with the Standeßoerrfchaßen or ftate lordfliips, and the city oi Breßau;
and on any complaint to them of a denial or delay of juflice, the papers
of the procefs are to b- delivered to the chief prefidents of the Oberamtfregierungen,
who thereupon prcfcribe the method and manner of the procedures.
But by the diftribution of the regency of the mediate principalities
and Standeßjerrfchafts among the Oheramtjregierungen, under that of
Breßau are the principalities of Oe/s and Munflerberg, with the free Etandef~
herrjcbafti of Wartenberg, and the town ai Breßau : under that oi Glogau, the
principalities of Sagan, 1'rachenberg and Carolath, with the free Sta?ideßjerrJchcifts
oiMilitfcb and Gofchutz ; and under that of Brieg, the Prußian part in
tlie principalities of 'Troppau, Jagerndorf ä.uA Neyfze, with the free Standefhcrrfchafts
oi Pleße and Beutben. Each Oberamtfregierung is compofed of an
Oberpreßdent, z prefident {txcti^img that the third has no fuch officer) a director,
counfellors, referendaries, fecretaries, regifters and clerks. Thefe take
cognizance of all civil criminal, feudal and finanical cafes ; and hear
appeals likevv'ife from the courts in the Minderherrfchafts, the royal caftellanies,
magiftrates and other inferior places of judicature, but from
them alfo, when the fuin exceeds five hundred rixdoliars, caufes may
be moved to the court at Berlin. Before thefe Oberamffregicrwigeti, all perfons
vvhofe caules both in perfonals and reals were cognifable by the fupreme
tribunal in every principality, have their firft hearing. The principal rule
of proceeding in thefe courts is the Codex Fridericianus in fcrmalibus et materiahbus.
Next to this are the royal ordinances and relcripts, with
Brachvogel'?, colleiftion of the imperial fanSiiones pragmatica,
befides which
there are certain particular conftitutions in every principality and lordfhip,
and even in every town. The old Saxon law is alfo cailcd in as far as it
fuits with the prefent times, as likewife the Roman and canon law ,• but
in the principalities ofl'roppau •^xvd'jcgerndorf the former is become almofi
obfolete, having in a great meafure been fuperfeded by the Moravian inflitutes
of 1627. The Lutheran churches and fchools are under the infpection
of the Upper- conßßories at Breßau, Glogau and Brieg with right of
appeal to the tribunal at Berlin. The members of thefe conijftories are
'the

SILESIA. 529
the prcfidents and counfellors of the refpedive Oheramtfrcgierimgeny with
an ecclefiaftic to each, but the principaHty of Och and the city (:i{ Breßau
have their own diftindl confiftories. Church affairs among the papifts are
cognifable by the Bifhop's court at BreJJau, from whence alfo appeals lie
to the tribunal of Berlin.
The princes with the free Standcßerren and the .city of Breßaii have
their own regencies and courts both in civil and penal caufes, from which
no appeal lies to the Oheramtfregierungen, excepting that when the fum in
queftion amounts to upwards of one hundred rixdollars, a caufe may be
moved to Berlin. The Ober or Furßenrechl granted to the Princes and
States in 149B by King Wladißam^ and in 1528 augmented and confirmed
by the Emperor Krc//?W7Z^/ I. was in 1742, with fome limitations and a
new preamble, further ratified by King Frederick II. and the Prince of
Carolath appointed perpetual prefident o( \he Oherfiirßenrecbt. At prcfent
it confifts of the following privileges, viz. that the deputies of the princes
and Standelherren fliall aifemble twice a year at Bnßau, and that tiiefe together
with the Oberamtfregierung of that city, and the above-mentioned perpetual,
prefident, fliall make enquiry into, and decide all contefts which may
have arifen among the princes and Standeßoerren, concerning a principality
and a Standeß.vrrßhaft or any traft of land once belonging thereto, but fo
that the party which thinks itfelf aggrieved may apply to the King in
perfon, though before the country came under the Prufflnn government
both the Ober and Furßenrecht judged without appeal. At prefentthe-
Princes and Standeß^erren, both in perfonals and in reals, when fued on
account of the rights or properties of others, or in difputes between
themfelves and their vaflals or fubjeds, muft (fand trial before the Oberamtß
regierungen under their refpedive prefidents, to which fuch caufcs are
referred by fpecial delegation. The Minderherrßbafts^ inferior lordfliips,
Burglehem and other country corporations and magiftracies with the upper
and lower courts, are held without any controll or moleflation, excepting
that in capital or penal cafes they require the royal confirmation j and in
qtbers may be appealed from to the nearefi: Oberamtjregiermig.
The regency of the Bohemian part of Silefia has been ereded at 'Troppau^
but of its conftitution we are able to fay nothing particular.
§. 14. Whilft Sileßa was annexed to the crown of Bohemia, the fovereign
by his connniffioners ufed to lay before the Diets of the Princes
and States, demands of pecuniary fupplies, which were taken into confideration
and the refolution of the Diet notified to the faid commiffioners,
as well as to all the principalities and towns, by their refpedive deputies.
Hereupon meetings were held in the principality to deliberate on the
beft means of raifing the quota, which each principality was to pay
towards the fum agreed to at the general Diet. One principality paid
it out of the tax on cattle, another out of the duty arifing from liquoi's,
and a third out of the tax on mills, efpecially in cafe of extraordinary
Vol. VI. Yyy demands.

530 INTRODUCTION TO
demands, and when the taxes on lands and houfes were in force. Sometimes
alio head-money was demanded of the States, and from this neither Dukes
nor Princes wtre exempt. The whole produce of the contributions and
taxes levied by the colleilors of the Princes and States in their feveral principalities
and lordfliips were remitted to the general fubfidy office at
Breßau, which was dependent on the faid Princes and States, and paid the
monies fo received either into the fjvereign's treafury or war-office, but
mcjnies granted for the fovereign's free ule were fent to the place of his
refidence, and paid to the treafurer of the hcufehold. The Princes
and States aflcmbled in the Diet ufually relerved out of the fupplies cr
fometimes out of the refidues a certain fum to be expended for public fervices.
P>om the year 1729 to 1740, that is within twelve year?, they
granted to the Emperor the fum of 28,606256 florins, which totidem
amiis produced at leafl: 2,020000 florins, and at mofl: 2,769369 florins.
The principal fource from whence thefe fums were derived, was the excife,
which having been introduced both into the country and towns, produced
within the faid twelve years no lefs than 16,406348 florins, fo that to
make up the grants only 12,199908 florins remained, or every year one
with another 1,0166659 florins, though the imports were always laid
higher. This method of taxation, however, together with the fubfidy
office were abrogated at the fame time with the Diets by King Frederick II.
and two war and domain treafuries erefted at Breßau and Glogau for the
management of the feveral branches of the public revenue. The excife
here is on the fame footing with that in the old dominions of Priißia^ and
limited to the walled towns ; whereas the coniributions or payments in
the open towns, villages and feats were fixed and continue at the fame
height both in peace and war. Every principality or lordfliip, as alfo every
circle into which they are divided, receives notice of its annual and
monthly contingents, which are payable to the contribution. The two
war and domain offices, each of which has its prefident, direcl:ors, counfellors
and other officers, fuperintend the contributions, caufe them to be
duly received and accounted for by the receiver general's office, and in the
particular receivers offices of the principalities and Standejl^errfchafts^ take
care that fuch an oeconoir.y be obferved as that the contnbutional and
fubndial aflcflments may be hid and revifed in the fame precife manner,
the feveral fums notified for coUeftion, and duly paid every month into
the provincial receiver's offices and from thence remitted to the receivergeneral's
otiiccs at Breßau and Glogau,
or difpofed of by the fore-mentioned
offices, as circumftances may require. Under the war and domain treafury
at Breßau are the principalities of Breßau, Brieg, Schiveidnitz, Neyfze,
Oels, Munßcrberg, Oppeln, Ratibor, Jagerndorf 2ind Trcppau, on this fide the
O/»/^, with the iv&Q Sta>jdep:errfcbafts o'i Warte7iberg, Gofchutz, Beuthen and
Plejfe, and the free Mmderberrjcbafts of Neufchlojz^ Freyhari} Su/au, one
half

. rivers
532 SILESIA. [Breflau.
and Loiver-Silefia.
At leaft Abeh opinion that this divifion agrees with the
firft conftitution of the dutchy of Silcfia is groundlefs, the antient divifion
into the Upper, Middle and Lcwer-Silefia, which continued for fome time
in the twelfth century relating to all Sile/ia, and differing widely from the
prefent one into Oberamtjregierungs, as will evidently appear on comparing
§. lo and 13. In our opinion the Frußian part of Silefia cannot be better
divided than into thofe of Lower and Upper, and each of thefe parts again
fubdivided into imviedinie principalities, which belong to the fovereign or
iirft Duke, after that into mediate principalities, Standes and Minderhcrrfckafis.
The more precife political divifion of SHeJia is into Weichbildern,
which in the Prußan part are commonly called Kreije (or circuli)
and over each of thefe is a Landrath, and fometimes even two. On the
other hand feveral circles are under one Landraih. Thefe officers are always
chofen from among the nobility, and each has two gentlemen belonging
to him as afliftants, under the title of Commiß'arii perpctid. Ni.xt to thefe
is the circle receiver, who fuperintends the levying of the taxes in the
country. The States of the Circle are fuch towns as are pofTelTed of any
lands, and the proprietors of manors within the Circle, this dignity not
defcending to meaner tenures. The ofHcers of the Circle are fubordinate
to the war and domain offices at Breßau or elfe to thofe of Glogaii, In
the Bohcmiaii part of Silefia the principal officer of the Weichbilds retain«
the antient appellation of Lnndefalteßcn or elder
We now proceed to the defcription of
I . The Prußan part of Sileßa, which confifls of
of the la?iä.
A. The greater part of Loiver-Sileßa, and includes under it
I. Seven immediate principalities, viz.
a Hoe Principality of B R E S L A U,
§. I. ''TpHE principality of Breßau, exclufive of the Circle of NamßaUy
•*
which though belonging to it, lies feparate, to the north borders
on the principalities of Oels and Wolau, weftward on thofe of Lignitz
and Scbiveidnitz, fouthvvard joins the principalities of Sclrdi-eidnitz and
Brieg, and eaftward the latter alfo and Oels. Natjßau circle, to the northward
borders on the free Siandeßierrfchaft of Wartenberg, weftward on
the principalities of Oels and Brieg, fouthward on thofe of the latter and
Oppeln, and eaftward on certain diftrids of the principalities of Oels and
Brieg, and likewife on Poland.
§. 2. The Oder in its courfe through this country receives the little
Ohlau, Lohe, Weyda and Weißritz, the laft of which at Romberg
is joined by the Pdfnitz, which comes from the principality of Schweidnitz."
The circle of Namßau is watered by the Weyda and Stober. The
principality

Breflau.] SILESIA. 533
principality itfelf is every where flat and level, and the parts near the Oder
and other rivers either fandy or Avampy. It is notwithftanding an excellent
corn country, and not devoid of rich pafture grounds, the Namßau Circle
alone excepted, but this abounds again both in timber and wood for fuel,
which are fo fcarce in the other Circles, that the country people ufe flraw,
with the ftalks of thirties and burdoc, as alfo thofe of fun-flowers and
potatoes, which in fummer fupply the place of hedges. In many places
which are fuitable to that purpofe, willows are planted merely for burning.
In moft parts they have good cattle and flieep, and the breeding them
turns to very great account, but the moft celebrated kine are the Krauterkuhe
herbeows about Breßau, which arc of an uncommon fize and yield
a proportionate quantity of milk. The parts near the rivers are well
fupplied with fifli, of which every where elfe there is a fcarcity. The
neighbourhood of Breßau produces great quantities of madder. The
roads are very bad, and where the foil is black in wet weather fcarce
paflable, and for want of timber and quarries of ftone not to be
repaired without great difficulty and expence, and even at beft not
thoroughly. One fingle mile, 'known by the name of the black mile,
fometimes takes up all the Schwciduifz, Reichoibach, FranJicnßein, Strehtz
and Bobrau carriers a whole day or more. The city of Breßau, however,
in order to facilitate its intercourfe with other places, has at a prodigious
expence, caufed dykes to be made along all the roads, with
ditches, canals and bridges over them, and the roads themfelves to be
paved-with ftones, a work of feveral years labour. Some of thefe dykes
are not lefs than a mile in length, and the keeping them in repair is an
annual charge of fome thoufands of dollar:.
§. 3. If the villages of this dutchy are not very large, the deficiency is
made up by the great number of them, as being every where placed within
cannon fhot of each other. Of cities it has nine, and two markettowns.
§. 4. On the partition oi Sihfia in 1 164 between the fons of Wladißaus II,
Breßau came to Boleflaiis, furnamed Altus. In 1202 this Prince was
fucceeded by his fon Duke Henry the Long-bearded, who dying in 1238
likewife had for fucceflbr his third fon Henry II. vvho created the liifhop of
Breßau Prince oiNeyfze. His fon Bohßaus II. or the Bald, made an exchange
of the tevviiovy of Breßau with his brother He?iry III. who after conferring
many benefits on the city died in 1266; on which Breßau defcended to his ion
Henry IV. and on his demife in 1290 to Henry V. fon to the above-mentioned
Bohßaus the Bald. The fons of this Prince dividing their patrimony, the
principality oi Breßau fell to the fecond fon named Henry VI. who applied to
yohn King of Bohemia for affiftance againft his eider brother Boleßam IIIand
fold it him, together with the county of Ghitz, during his life, and
with this claufe annexed to it, that in cafe of his dying without heirs the
principality

534 SILESIA. [Breßau.
principality of Breslau fliould efcheat to the King, on whom he conferred
it as a fief. Accordingly Henry dying in 1335 King yohn incorporated
the principality of Breslau with the crown of Bohemia, endowing th«
city at the fame time with divers important privileges.
§. 5. The Kings of Boheifiia always appointed governors over tliis
principality. In 1337 ¥J\ng John made a grant of that poft to the city
-^ of Brejlau, which grant was confirmed by his fon King Charles IV. and
in 1505 King JVladiJlaus irznzhxvti^ the judicature of the whole principality,
as well as of all the JVeichbilders or diflridts hereditarily on the city,
by which means the nobility no lefs than the commoners were rendered
fubjedl to the governors. The premier coup.fellor oi the city was always
at the fame time governor. In 1635 it was obliged to furrender up to the
Emperor Ferdinand III. both the government and judicature, with all other
rights appertaining thereto, and that Prince referved to himfelf the difpofal
of all offices in the regency. On this footing things continued till the
Prußan fuvereignty, and at prefent the principality is under the royai
Oberamtsregierung, with the war and domain treafuries at Breslau,
§. 6. It is divided into four Circles or Weichbilders, viz.
I. The Circle of Breslau, which name, though actually fubfiftlng, yet
is omitted in Schubarth'% map of this principality. In it is
1. Breslau, in Latin Vratislavia, the capital of this circle and principality,
and likewife of the whole dutchy of Silefia. It lies on the Oder,
which on the north fide runs clofe by the walls, and in that part receives
the Oblau, after its winding courfe through Old Breslau. In 1241 thii,
laft mentioned place was fet on fire by the Tartars, and is moft probably
thought to have ftood above the Dominfel or cathedral ifland, on the
Old-Oder near Scbeitnig, if not beyond it in the country of Gruneich, fome
confiderable remains of the caftle being ftill to be feen near St. Martins
church on the Dominfel. The prefent old city was formerly environed
by the Oblau, as with a moat, all without the Oklau to the walls of the
city in their prefent pofition, that is to fay from the Schwibbogen arch
behind the Ketzerkunjl to the Burgfe.ld fronting the hofpital, called aller
Heiligen, being additions made by the Emperor Charles IV. The
Nevjiadt, that is all within the Schwibbogen or gate at the Ketzerkunß and
the Ziegel or gate bill, beyond the armoury at Blind gate is more modern,
and fincc the year 1529 has been incUided within the fortifications. Thefe
feveral parts, which are comprehended under the fimple appellation of
Breslau, are colledlively of great circuit, and if to thefe be added its
large fuburbs, viz. that of St. Moritz without the Ohlauer gate, the fuburb
before the Scbweidnitz gate, that before the Nichols gate, the Burgerwerder,
the Elbing fuburb, the (uburb before the Sand gate or the Sandinfel
(in Englijh the fand ifland) with the fuburb of Poland on the other fide
the Oder,
the whole circumference is not lefs than two long German miles.
Th--

Breflau.]
SILESIA,
The fortifications of the city are of no great importance. It has fevcral
large and regular fquares. The main flreets alfo are broad, and befide»
many ftately public edifices, it contains likewife numbers of very elegant
houfes and other private buildings. The Dominjel though lying without
szs
the circuit of the town, is fortified with low walls and fome baftions. In it
ftands the Dem or cathedral of St. John, which in 1759, together with the
deanery was deftroyed by fire. In the fame part likewife is the Bifhop's
library forming a particular building, with the abbey of the Holy Crojs,
having
under it another church called Crypta St. Bartbolomai , St. Martifis, St.
Peter s and Paiifs, all fmall churches, the BiHiop's palace a very fpacious
edifice, the Prebend's dwellings, fome of which have very beautiful gardens
belonging to them, and the eledloral hofpital for poor children of both
fexes. On the Sandinjel is St. Mary's church, a very beautiful building,
wherein the regular ^i!/^?//??«^ canons, who, in ii8j were removed from
"Lotenberg to Gorkau, and in 1190 invited hither, have a fplendid convent,
with a large library} St. Javies's church containing an Augußifie nunnery,
and St. Annes belonging to the canons of St. Mary. Beyond the Sandbilel,
at the end of the Leimdamm is St. Michael's, a popifh parochial-church built
of timber. Near the Sandgate lies the fuperb Prcemonßratenßan monaftery
of St. Vincent, and adjoining to it is the no lefs magnificent Jiunnery of
St. Clare. iSIear thefe fine ftrudlures ftands alfo the beautiful abbey of
St. Matthias, with a parifh-church and a valuable colledion of books,
belonging to the red Star prebends, and fronting this laft is St. Agnei's
church. In the fame ftreet likewife, which is called the Schiihbrucke, is
an Vrjeline nunnery. The Jefuits college with its fplendid church ftands
on the fite of the caftle, which was once the refidence of the Dukes cif
Breßau, but by the Emperor Leopold given to the Jefuits. The other
popifli churches and convents in the city are the Francifcan or barefooted
convent dedicated to St. Anthony, to which is annexed alio a reoular built
church ; St. Hedwiga's belonging to a capuchin convent ftanding behind it,
St. Dorothy's, of which the Mi/iorites are in poflefiion, the parochial- church
of the holy corpß belonging to the Johannite comniandery-houfe facin«- it,
which is alfo poflefled of a right in a common near Breßau, but lying wirliin
the. dntchy o{ Schiaeidnitz ; the parochial-church of St. Adalbert near the
Dominican convent, together with the beautiful chapel of St. Ccßaiis contiguous
to it; as alfo St. Jofeph's a fiiiall church, where is another Dominican
convent, with the nunnery of St. Catherine. To thefe are to be added the
manfion-houfe of the fifters of St. Elifabcib, though no regular convent nor
poflxfled of any particular church ;
St. Nickeh's church before the Nickeifgate,
St. Maurice's without the Olau gate, the fmall hofpital church of St.
Lazarus, with the church and convent of the bons hommcs.
The churches here belonging to the Lutherans are the following, viz. St.
Elifabeth'^ which is the principal, and St. Mary Magdalen's^ both in the O/i

536 S I L E S I J. [Brenau.
toim, and containing valuable libraries j to vvhicli are to be added, St. Beriiardine\
in the TV'fW town, likewife having a good collcäion of books ; St.
Barbaras church appropriated to the ufe of the garrifon, three hofpitalchurchcs,
and that of St. Chrißophcr'-i, not to mention a large hall in the
hoitfe cf correBiofi, wherein alfo the Lutheran fervice is performed j and
without the town, the Lutheram are ftill pofleflld of the church of St. Salwhich
fcrves for the fol-
.niator on Schweidjiitz common near the city moat,
.diery v/lio are quartered without the city,
virgins on the SteindavDne without the Odergate.
with that of the eleven thoufand
The Cahinißs alTemble in
a building on the other fide of the Odtr, which was once the general tax
ofiicc. The Greek chriitians, the grcatcft part of vvhoin are Armeniatis, have
alfo a church here, and the Jews their fynagogues.- The popißj univerfity,
which by the Emperor Leopold was committed to the pare of the Jefuits, is
a noble llruifture. The Lutherans at St, Elifabeth's and St. Maty Magdalena
have two flouriiliing Gymnaßums, each under the diredion of eleven profeffors,
with a grammar Ichool at St. Bernardine\ in the Neio tcwn. The
council houfe is
a large old-falhioned building, and the Oberamt houfe likewife
makes no very grand appearance ; but the exchange adjoining to it is
an elegant ftrudure. On the Bia-gfelde is an armoury and another alfo at
the Sandgate. The city befides a governour, has an Obcramtfregierung
with which are connedted an upper confiftory, and Pupillen collegium, or
court of wards, an aulic and criminal court of judicature, a court of exchequer,
the war and domain office, with thofe for fait, for cuflom, excife and
trade, as likewife the war domain and tax treafuries, a college of phyficians,
a mint, &c. King Frederick II. granted to Breßau the third place in rank
among all his capitals, that is to fay, to be next to Berlin and Konigßerg,
with two fairs, befides its two yearly markets and two high markets for
wool. The magiftracy is Lutheran, and confifcs of a town court and a
council: Its confiTlory likewife is Lutheran. This city is at prefent the centre
of all the trade in Sileßa, and carries on divers manufadtures. It was in
the year 1741 that it fell under the Priißian government. In 1757 a fmall
Pnijian army urider the command of Duke Augußus William of Brunfwick
Bevern fortified itfelf in this neighbourhood, and being attacked on the
twenty-fecond of November by the Aujlrian forces, made a mofl: vigorous
evening, but in the night quitted their camp and again crofled
refiftance till
the Oder, on which the city furrendered to the Außrians. On the twentieth
of December, however, it was retaken by the King of Prußia, and the Auftrian
garrifon, which amounted to near 18000 men made prifoners of war.
In the laft fiege divers of its churches were damaged, and St. Mary Magda-
\en\ library demolilhed by the falling of a bomb. The greatefl part likewife
of the fuburbs fufFered extremely, and that part lying vvitliout the Sandgate
was entirely burnt down.
To the city belong the following villages : namely, Bohmifchdorf, Cawallen,
Dambf-

Breflau.] SILESIA. 537
DäinhfJorf, Dom/lau, Klewburg^ Klettendorf, Kriettern, Mickcl'witz, Picffch,
Ranßr on the Oder, where in 1614 fevcral Pagan urns were dug up, Riemberg.
Old and Ncw-Schfitnig, Sthicoitfcb, &c. Elldng cftate, cj'r.
To the city treafury belong the eftates oi Haiiffen, Jackel, Riemberg and
Voigtf'walde.
2. Auras, a royal Kammeramt., which till the year 1745 was a Burglebn,
contains under it
1. Auras, commonly pronounced Aiiris or Aurcs, and in Latin Aurafiwn,
an open little town lituated on the Oder, near which is alfo a feat ftandin*
on the fame river. In this town is a popidi church with a Lutbcrnn orator\-.
2. The eftates oi Lnhamu, Sorgau, Henningsdorf d,x\d. KunzendorJ.
3. The following royal Burglehns : viz.
1. The Burglehn oi Lijjd, belonging to the princely abbey of the holv
Crofs of St. Matthias in Bicßau.
Ufa is a market town here, with a feat on the Weißritz.
2. The Burglehn of Malkwitz, :o named from a church-village and feat
on the Weißriiz, belongs to the Oberg family.
3. The Burgkhn of Krolkivitz, which alfo receives its name from a
church village belonging to Count Burghaus.
4. The Grofzburger Halt, in 1234 conferred on the fee of Lebus bv
Duke Henry the Lor.g bearded, whence accordingly on the fequcftration of
the bifliopric by the Eledlor of Brandenburg, this diftridt was included
therein, and granted by the Eleäor as a fief to the Canitz family, who ftill
poflefs it. Belonging to it are five villages, viz. Grojzburg, containing a
Lutheran church and feat, Little-Lauden, Schioeinbraten, Otiwitz and
Krentfch.
5. The Burglehn of Bogenau^ fo named from a village in it, and belonging
to the Counts of Sternberg.
6. The Burglehn of Kreyka and Weygwitz, appertaining to the lords of
Bachßein.
4. To the Bifliop of Brefau, within this circle belongs
1. Pogel Halt, containing the villages of Great and Little-Pogel, both h,-
ing on the Oder, Bfchanz, Neudorf and Stuben,
2. Lange ^ Melfchivitz, Rüttwitz and Kotticitz, all villages, lying in a
direä: line on the other fide of the Oder.
3. Divers fcattered villages, as namely, PiJfiiitz, Waßerjentßch and Lcofoldowitz
or Liebenthal, all three lying on the Lobe, with Lanifih on the
Oder, &;c.
5. The chapter of the cathedral is likewife proprietor of many fcattered
villages here, fuch as, Altbof, Bißchwitz, Cammelioitz, Cofel on the Oder,
Eckerfdorß, Ketitfhkau, Kmitfchutz, Maßen, Mandelau. Great- Mcchber, Mellowitz,
OltaJ'chin, Oppfrau, Pajclnvitz, Great and Little-Pißhkonz-itz, the
former of which is fituated on the Weyda, Pifohl or Ptßchkoiva, Polnifcb-
VoL. VI. Xz-L Neudorf

.
.
53« SILESIA. [Breüau.
NeudorJ, PoJanomtz, Pogußawiiz, Littk-Rajfelivitz, Radwaniiz, R-pplin,
Siehe?jhubau, lying not far from Breflau, Little-Sirnig, Little-Tjchanjch,
'T'jchauchel'witz and T'Jchirnau on the Oder.
6. Dyhrcrifurt, an open town {landing on the Oder; and which till towards
the end of the feventeenth century was only a vilbge known by the
name of Prfig. But about that time, by the follicitation of its proprietor,
George Abraham Baron of Dyhr, it obtained a charter, and he called it by
his own title. At prefent however, it is in the Sternberg family. In this
town is a Lutheran oratory, with a "Jewijh printing houfe.
7. Borau, an open little town, or iStadtmarkt, fituated on the Lohe^ and
belonging to Count Pofadowßy.
8. Rothenfirbeti, another open town feated on the little river Setine, which
joins the Lobe. This place obtained its charter in 1608, but at prefent looks
little
better than a village.
9. ydtjch, a fort and pafs on the Oder appertaining to the Barons Sauere
manrty who took their rife from it. This pafs is frequently mentioned in the
hiftories of former wars.
10. A village not far from the Weyda belonging to Count Neidhard, whofe
gardens here are very beautiful and celebrated all
1 1
over this country.
Goldfcbmieden, a village appertaining to Count Karwarth, and likewife
containing fine gardens.
12. Ruthen^ a village having a moft exquifite garden, laid out at the expence
and under the dire£tion of Baron Mudrach, head furveyor of the
King's works in this country.
1 3. Weyda, a village and important pafs on the Weyda, one long German
mile from Breßaii.
14. Jackjcbe?!au, Marfchivitz, and Stabelioifz, with other eftates and
places belonging to nobles.
II. The Nciimarkt circle, containing
1 Ncumarkt, the circle town, and a place of feme antiquity, as having
been burnt in 1250 by Bokjlaiis the Bald Duke of Lignitz. In this town is
a popifh church with a convent of Minorites, and a Lutheran oratory. In
1747 there were fifty-four buildings here, lying in ruins. Its antient manlion-
houfe, with the eftates of Stephan/dorf, 'jajchkendorj and Kobehiick, dependent
thereon, belongs to the city of Breßau. Neumarkt is alfo noted for
its carriages. The eftate of Scbiaiip belongs to the town-treafury. In 1757
an adllon happened at this place between a body of Auflrian and fome
Prußan pandours and huflTars, in which the fecond fiiffered greatly.
2. Flernijchdorf, a village near Neutnarkt, and belonging to the village of
Robel. Its neighbourhood yields plenty of turf.
river.
3. Koßenhlut, a fmall town belonging to St. Vincenth abbey at Breßau.
4. Great-Petcrwitz, a royal Burglebn and parochial-village on the Strigau
5. Rofn-

.
Brcflau.] SILESIA. 539
5. Rommenaii, a royal Burgkhn and village.
6. Leutken, a village, where on the fifth oi' December 1757, the Vrufjians
obtained a fignal vidory over the Außrians. In this village is a Lutheran
oratory.
7. Stephanfclurf, a village belonging to Count Scb/ege?ih'rg, whofc feat
here is particularly noted for its fine gardens.
8. NimJ)ka, a village, with a manor houfe, appertaining to the ye/hits of
BreJIau.
III. The Circle of Can/ h, under the (i\n\Q Landrath with that of Neiirimrkt,
and belonging to the Bifliop of Breßau.
1 Canth or A'^«/, the circle town lies on the Schweiiliiil-z water, being
fmall, and its feat very old. It belonged to the Dukes of Oels, and was
more particularly the refidence of Conrad V. who alfo took his title of Duke
from it. After being mortgaged to the fee of Breßau, in 147 1 it was intirely
made over to it. In 1428 it fufFered much by the Huljites, and in
151 2, Duke Barthel of Munßerberg wz'i, defeated there by the people of
Breßau. In 1752 it was almofl: totally deftroyed by fire.
2. The royal Kamweramt of Furßefiau, fo called from the village and feat
of Furßenau ; which formerly belonged to the Dukes of Holjiein. This
dillridl lies
on the Schweidnitz. water.
3. Borganie, Lorzendorf, Viehauy Lower-Strufe^ &c. villages and eflates
belonging to noblemen.
IV. Nainßau circle, lying a-part from the others. The beft view of this
circle is
to be met with in the map of the principality of Brieg.
1. Namßau or Nambßau, the circle town, lies among moralTes on the
river Weyda, and contains a feat,
with a popifli church and a Francifcan convent,
a PoUß church, and two Lutheran oratories, one for Germatis the other
for Poles. This town once belonged to the Dukes of Breßau, next to thofe
of Glogau, and afterwards to the Dukes of Lignitz, till in 1348 Duke IFenceßaus
fold it to the Emperor Charles IV. who in 1350 walled it in. The
Emperor Wenceßaus included it under the fame government wath the principality
of Breßau. FerdinandY. mortgaged it together with feven valleys to
the city of Breßau, and this mortgage ftill fubfifts. In 1619 it was defiroyed
by fire, and in 1741, after a cannonade of three days, taken by the
Prußians. In 1746 it had fixteen empty houfes and forty-fix ruinous buildings.
To its corporation belong the eflates of Deutfch-Marchivitz and
Eilgut.
2. The feven villages mortgaged to Breßau at the fame time with the city
of Namßau, are: Altßadt, JauchendorJ, Strelitz^ Glaujche, Obljchau, a part of
Reinerfdorf and Wtndifch-Schmarchwitz.
3. The Skorißbau Halt belonging to the fee of Breßau^ and comprehending
I. Reichtbal, a Imall town.
Z z z 2 2. Skoj-if-

540 SILESIA. [Brieg.
2. Skorifcbau, a church-village giving name to tliC Halt.
3. Other villages, fuch as Kreuzendorf, Profchaii, Wallendorf, Sec.
4. Schmoger or Smogra, formerly called S-zmogroiv a church-village,
where, in the year 966 was eredled the firfl; Chriftian church in all Silejia,
together with the See, which, in
1041 w^as removed to Bitfchen, and laft of
all to Breßau. In 173 i, however, it purchafed the reftoration of it.
5. Stadlel or Stcidkin, a church -village feated on the Steher.
6. Bankwitz, EckerJ'dorj\ Tammcr^ and other villages.
§. I. ' I
VI. The Principality of BRIEG.
""HE Principality of Brieg is on all fides environed by thofe of Oeh,
*'
Breßau, Schweidnitz, Mtwßerberg, Ne\fze and Oppeln, a detached
piece excepted which borders alfo on Poland. It is one of the largefl: principalities
in all SiL'/Ja.
§.2. The Oder traverfes the Weichbilder oi Brieg and Ohlau, and on the
confines of the principality of Oppeln receives the Neyfze, after which in its
further courfe it is joined by the Stoker. The Ohlau, which tomes from the
principality of Munßerberg, paffes through the Weichbilds of Strehlen and
Ohlau, into the principality of Breßau. The fource of the Lohe is in the
circle of Nimptfcb. The highefl. hill in the whole country is the Jahnfdorferhcrg,
not far from Langen Oeh, which is feen at the diftance of many
miles. With refpect to grain it is one of the moft fruitful principalities in
all Silefia. Strehlen likewife, and Ohlau cultivate madder and tobacco. In
the Weichhilde of Brieg and Ohlau are large forefts of oak, beech and pine ;
and in x\\t Galgenberge, a hill not far from Strehlen, quarries of a very hard
and durable ftone.
§.3. In the whole principality are nine cities and two market towns.
The firfl Duke of Brieg was Boleßaus III. eldefi: fon of Duke William the
Fat, to whom this principality came by the partition made in 13 14 with his
brothers, and foon after was added to it his third brother's portion, that is
to fay, the principality cf Lignitz. In 1328 this Prince made a tender of
his lands as a fief to John King of Bohemia. His fons Wenceßaus I. and
Lewis I. in 1359, came by the mediation of the Emperor Charles IV. to
an agreement that the former fliould have Lignitz, and the latter Brieg.
Duke Wenceßaus II. youngeft fon to the above-mentioned Weticeßaus, in
1418 ceded the principality of L?^7;/V2; to Letvis \l. grandfon to Leiais \.
In 1523 Frederick II. Duke of Lignitz and Brieg embraced Lutberanifni,
in 1524 purchafed the principality of Wolau, and in 1537 concluded a
eompaft of fraternity and fucceflion with Joachim II. Eledor of Brandenburg.
In 1539 he divided his territories among his fons, giving Lignitz to
Duke Frederich III. and to Duke George II. Brieg with the Weichbild cf
Wolau^

Brieg.] SILESIA. 541
Wohnt. In 1596 Joachim Frederick and John George fons to the latter, inherited
alfo the principality of L/^OT/s, and by a partition made in i6ir
between John Chrißian ancl George Rudolphiis fons to Joachim Frederick, the
former obtained Brieg, and the hitter Lignitz and Wolau. George Rudolphus
dying without ifllie in 1652, the ions oi John Chrißia?i i^WiAtd the lands,
by which divifion George III.
acquired Brieg, Lewis IV, Lignitz, and ChriJtian
Wolau. The lad however Succeeding to the territories of his two brothers,
left the three principahties to his fon George William; who dying in
1675 in the 15th year of his age, the Hne of the piaßa Dukes oi Sile/ia thus
came to a period ; and on this the Emperor fequeflrated the principaUdcs
of Lignitz, Brieg and Wolau.
§. 4. The pnncipaHty of Brieg is under both the Oberamtfregierung, as
well as the war and domain offices oi Brcßaic. Its divifion is into ßx circles
or Weichbildcrs.
L The circle oi Brieg is
divided by the Oder into two almofi: equal parts.
I. Brieg, in Latin Brega, the circle town and the capital cf the whole
principality, ft:ands high on the river Oder, whence accordingly in the patent
granted by Duke Henry in 1250 it is ftüed Civitas altae ripac. It is
one of the largefl, handfomefi: and mofi: confiderable cities in all Silefia, and
is likev.'ife well fortified. It has a very long, lofty and ftrong built wooden
bridge. Without the Brejlau gate lies the inhurh oi Rathen, without the
Briegifchdorf g'it.t
another large fuburb, without the Oppeln gate that of the
Neuhaiife, and fince its falling under the dominion of Bmjßa, a fourth
fuburb has been built on the other fide the Oder. The caftle here which
was once the refidence of the Dukes oi Brieg, was burnt down during the
fiege of the city in 1741. In 1756 the Oberamtfregierung oi Upper-Silejia
was removed from Oppeln hither, and with it is conneded the confiflorv of
JJpper-Silcfia. On the fouth fide of the town ftands the abbey of St. Hedwige,
which the papifts are in pofleflion of, befides which here is alio a
Jejuits college and a Francifcan convent. To the Lutherans belongs the
parochial-church oi St. Nicolas, over which, as the chief, is appointed a
luperintendenr, and they have likewife a Gymnafium ilhißre, founded by
Duke George II. with the church of the Holy 'Trinity, where the Polijb
congregation hold their meetings. Further, here is a houfe of corredion,
and in this town is made a good cloth. In 16 18 a great fire happened
here. In 1643 it held out a fiege againfl: the Swedes-, but in 1741 the
Frußians made themfelves mafters of it in four days.
Half a German mile north oi Brieg is a large foreft of oak, beech and
pines, partly belonging to the city. Alfo between this foreft and it is a
fpacious meadow to which the Poles bring many thoufand head of cattle,
and on St. James's day hold a great kine and horfe fair. Through the
middle of the meadow runs a high and broad dike paved with üones, being,
very little
fliort of a quarter of a German mile in length.
jdbraham/-

542 SILESIA. [Bi
Ö
Abrahamfgarten here is a fmall iiland fuirounded by the Oikr and
overrun with buflics, and in extent alfu about one fourth of ^German mile.
Befides the above-mentioned fubnrbs and the villages of Rathen and
BricglJlbdorf\ with their farms, to this city hkewile belong, i. the
villages oi Gierjdorf, Schonfeld, Pcgarcl, Alzcn (the lafl: of which has a feat)
and all four contaniing Lutheran oratorifS. To thefe is to be added Bohmijchdorf,
with its Lutherati church, one half oc Schuffeldorf, the other half
belonging to the cathedral of St. yohii in BreJLiu, Schreiberjdorf and one
half alfo of Leupafch or Leubijch, a Lutheratz parochial-village fituated in
a turf country. 2. The lordfihip of Canterfdorf containing the village and
feat of that nnnie, with the village of" Liitk-Neudorf. 3. The lordfliip of
Sclonjeld, in the village of which fo called, is
a Lutheran oratory and a farm.
2. The royal Kammerburgamt of Brieg, to which belong Grurtingen,
Linden, Bankau, Zundcl, Berzdorf, Briefen, Paulau, Great-Neudorf,
Ifchepplcwitz, Michelwitz, Scheidehvitz and Dobern.
3. The royal Stijt or abbey amt of St. H'd'-jjiga at Brieg, forming alfo
a Kammeramt. Its villages lie in the JVeichhilds of Brieg and Olau, in
the former of which are, Conradfwaldau, Laugiaitz, Pampitz, all three
\\'Sis\n^ Lutheran oratories, with fagendorj and Schonau, confai: ing churches
belonging to the fame fcdl ; in the latter, Great-Peiskerau, Frauenhayti and
a part of the village of Ottig.
4. The royal Kainmeramt of Carlfmarkt, taking its name from Carlfmarkt
a town on the river Stober, having a Lutheran oxa^ory. This didridl
was formerly called the Ketzerndorf amt from Ketzerndorf caftle, which
flood on the Bober. The village of Coin, alio lying in this aitit, is the
original eftate of the Counts of Bees to whom it belonged, as well as the
ancient lordflfip of Ketzerndorf The other villages in the amt are Kauern,
RafJjwitz,
'Tarnoivitz and Stoberau.
5. LoTc-en or Loben, otherwife called Leivin, a fmall town on the Ney/ze,
containing a Lutheran oratory, and belonging to the Counts of Bees as a
Majorat.
6. Michelau or Upper-Michelau, a town, which obtained its charter in
1615, and ha\\v\ga Lutheran church. This place, together with Lower-Michelau,
belongs to the abbey of Camenz.
7. Schwarioivitz, a village having a manor-houfe, and which with
Prambfen another place here both contain Lutheran oratories, and belong
to the IValdau family.
8. The commandery of Lcfa, appertaining to the order of St. fohn, as
likewife does Loffa a large village here, with Jefhen, Biichitz
and Riiflels.
9. Molwitz, a village having a Lutheran church, and belonging to the
abbot of St. Vincent in Breßau. In 1741 Frederick II, King of Pruffia
gained his firft vidlory at this place over the Aujlrians, Hermfdorf a
neighbouring village alfo belongs
to the above-mentioned abbot.
10. Man g
fchutz.

Brieg.]
SILESIA.
lo. Mansifchutz, a large village and manor with a Lutheran oratory, and
appertaining to the Counts Puckler.
I I. The manfion-houfes oi Great-Jankwitz, Great-Neudorf, KreyfeivitZy
, "John[dorf Koppen, Micbekoitz and 'Tafchenberg.
II. The circle of Oblati, which in 1654 was detached from the principality
of Brieg, and annexed to that of IFolau, but in 1680 after the dcceafe
of the Dutchefs Louifa, whofe property it was as a dowery, it became
again incorporated with the principality of Brieg.
I. Oblaii, Olavia, the circle town lies on the river of the fame name,
543
not far from the Oder. In this town is a caftle, the church of which is
the property of the papifts ;
but the Lutherans are pofleffed of the parifh
church, whofe minifter is inl'jjedor of the circle cf O/'/ü'//. Befides thefe
here is alfo a Poliß: church, with a copper flatting-mill. Ohiciu has fufFered
much by war, and in 1502 and 1641 one half of it was deflroyed by
fire. In 1741 it was taken by the Prußans. Great quantities of tobacco
are produced here. The village of Zedlitz is the property of the town.
2. The royal Kammeramt of Oblau, to which belongs Gußen and other
villages.
3. The commandery of Little-Oels, appertaining to the order of St.
yohn. LittJe-Oeh is a country town containing a manfion houfe, and has
belonged to the aforefaid order ever lince the year 1243.
4. The eftates and villages of Gaulau, Heide, LaJ'kowitz, Mechwitz^
Weigwitz, all containing Lutheran oratories, with Kraufenau, &c.
III. The circle of Strebten^ forming one of the belt countries in all
Silefia for wheat and all manner of grain.
1. Strebten, the circle town ftands on the Oblau being environed with a
double wall and having large fuburbs. The parilh church hero is Lutheran,
and its head minifter the infpeflor of the circle. The Pclijh
church here alfo belongs to the Lutherans, who have likewife a grammar
fchool. Further, in this town is an Aigußine convent, with divers good
manufaftories of cloth. In 1619 the greateft part of it was deft:royed by
fire. Near Strebten is a very profitable quarry of fione.
2. Hujzinetz, a village lying clofe by Strebten, and built by a Lutheran
community of Bot^emians^ who called it after the native place of yotm
Hiijz. Formerly here were two very confiderable farms, which were
purchafed by the Botoemian brethren of the town, for the fum of 11 coo
rixdollars, and paid for out of their colledions. The Emperor FrederickW.
granted to this place this fingular privilege, that none but profeflbrs of
the genuine BoJjetnian confeffion fhould be permitted to dwell here. This
community perform divine fervice at a church in the old town at Strehlen^
which was giveif to them.
3. The royal Kammerarnt of Strehlen, which, exclufive of the town of
that nat^ie, comprehends under it the villages of Rugerfdorf and Frieder/-
dorj, both containing Lulheran oratories, Toppendorf, IVoiJelwitz, &c.
4. The

544 SILESIA. [Brieg.
4. The royal Kammeramt of Priborfi, a lordfliip of which the family of
Czir?i were proprietors till the extindlion of that houfe, on which it
efcheatcd to the Duke of Brieg as lord paramount. In 1654 this place
was incorporated with the Wctchbilde oiOhuiu. In 1664 it was bequeathed
by Duke George to his brother-in-law Angußin Count of Lignitz, but on
his death in 1667, the Emperor took policflion of it, and in 1687 it was
inortgaged lor tlie ium of 100,000 guilders to a perfon of the name of
IVaffeiiberg. Among other places belonging to it is
i.Priborn, a feat and village having a Lutheran church. In the
neighbourhood of this place is a quarry of green marble.
2. Siebenhuhcn, a feat and village containing a popiHi church, and lying
at the foot of the Numttiehberg.
3. Habendorf, a village, having an allodial eftate.
4. The village of 'JJ'chammendorf, &c.
5. Prous, 2. feat of the Counts of Zierotin.
6. Middle-ArnJlirrJ, Eifenberg, Krippitz, Kurt-witz, Rankau, Upper-
Rofen, Rupperfdorf, Schonborn, Mtddle-Schreiberjdorf and JVcinewiz.
7. Vlbendorf, a village and feat, where in 1741 a (liarp rencounter happened
between a corps oi Außrian hußars and another Q^PriiJ/ians^nd Ulans,
to the advantage of the former.
IV. The circle of Niniptfch.
1. Nimptfch, in Latin Nimitiiim, the circle town lies on the Lohe,
having a cadle ftanding on an eminence. The Lutherans and Papifts have
each their church here. In 1500 and 1633 Nimptfch was burnt down,
and in 1728 another terrible fire broke out there, which did great damage.
T[\t Altßadt or Old-Nimptfch, Pangel SiXiAVogelßtig, are reckoned its
fuburbs.
2. The royal Kammeramt of 'Teiche or Rothfchlofz. The amthoufe of this
name lying on a large Teiche or pond has brought the firfl: appellation into
more general ufe. in 1741 a very fharp fkirmifli happened here between
the Prußam and Aujlrians, in which the latter were worfted. The villages
within this amt are
Senitz and Great-KjiigniUz, both having LutBeran oratories,
IVammehoiiz, Gregerjdorf, Brockut, Great-'JeJentz, Karfen^ Karfche
and Tteffenfee.
3. The commandcry of Gr^ö/-7V//2;, appertaining to the knights of St.
'John. At the village of this name, which lies on the Zoi^v, is the commandery
houfe. This diftriä: is noted for its ftuds. The other villages
in it are : Little-Tinz, Gleinitz, Heyder[dorf, 'J.jjchiäitz, Kanigen, Langen,
Oels, Mlitjeh, Najllwitz, Foppelwitz and V/ußlruoitz, with tiiree farms at
yordanjmuhle.
4. The lordfliip of Schwentnig, in which is the village of Schwe/2tnig
with a Lutheran oratory, Little-Kn egnitz, alfo containing a Lutheran
cratüiy> Weinberg^ Carlfdorf ^v\iii Prjchiederwitz.
5. The

Bricg.] SILESIA.
545
5. The manors and villages of Dirfcbdorf and "JordaJifmuhlc, both containing
Liitbcrmi oratories, Kiirtwitz, Siegroth and RudeljdorJ, in the two
laft of which are Lutheran churches, with Great-Wilka and Zid-zendorj\
both having Lutheran oratories, &V. Not far from the laft alfo is a warm
fpring, whence ilfues the river Lohe.
V. The circle oi Creutzhurg, under the fame Landrath with the following.
1. Creutzburg or Creutzherg, the cir< le town, lies on the little river
Brinnitz, and contains a caftlc, with z Lutheran and a popiHi church. In
1588 tills place was facked and burnt by the Poles. To it belong the
villages of Upper and Loiver-Elgnt and Czapel hvm.
2. The royal Kammeramt of Creutzburg, includes under it Zigainer
farm, with the villages of Burgfdorf, GotterfdorJ] Ludwigfdorf, Margfdorf,
Scbonwald, Sarnau and Ulrichfdorf, as alio a part of Wuttendorf.
3. The manors and villages of Bankaii having a Lutheran church, together
with Rofen and Niederfcbmardt, (all three containing Lutheran
oratories) and Matzdorf, &c,
VI. The circle of Pitjchen under the fame Landrath with the foregoing,
and containing
1. Pitjchen, or Bitjcben, in Latin Bicina, the circle town, having a
Lutheran and popilh church. The fee of Smogra feventy-five years after
the eredlion of it was removed hither, but in 1052 tranflated to BreJIau.
In 1588 the Poles h^w\ug dthzitd Maximilian oi Ai/ßria, in the neighbourhood
of this place, pillaged and burnt the town. In 1627 and 1633
it was facked a fecond and third time, and in 1
654 fufFcred much by
fire. To it belong the villages of "Jafcbkoivitz and Pottanowitz.
1. The eftates and villages oi Baiangarten, Bifcbdorf, Go/koivitz, Omechau,
Profchlitz, Reinerfdorfy Roskowitz and PFilmJdorf, all containing Lutheran
oratories.
VII. The following two Bergßadte or mine-towns, which, though
lying within the principality of Munßerberg, yet do nut belong to it,
having fo early as the year 1581 been fold to William Urfin Prince of
Rofenberg, from whom they defcended to Peter JVock Prince o\ Roß)iberg, who
in 1599 fold them to Joachim Frederick. This laft being Duke of Lignitz
and Brieg, the Dukes of thofe countries are accordingly joint proprietors of
them, notwithftanding which they are reckoned within the principality of
Brieg, though in no particular circle thereof.
1. In Reicbenßein is a fr.^e mine-town, having a Lutheran and popida
church. In this town is likewife a royal mine-office. To the fouthweft
of it alfo in a hill called the Goldene E/el or the golden aß, is a filver
mine-work, in which is dug a kind of white arfenical gold ore.
2, Silberberg, a mine-town, alfo containing a Lutheran and popifli
church. This place is fo named from a filver mine near it, in which is found
a foft lead ore containing a great deal of filver.
Vol. VI. 4 A c. The

5+6 SILESIA.
c. rhe Prindpalhy of SCHJVEIDNIIZ.
§. I. 'T~^HE principality of Scbiaeidmtz borders to the eaft on the princi-
-*-
palities of Bricg and Brcßati, northward on thofe of Lignitz
and j'^.V/W ; weftward alfo on the laH: j and fouthward on Bohemia, the
county and principality of Muiijlcrberg. It is one of the largeO:, moft
populous and heft: principalities in all Silefia, and in coniunftion with the
principality of yaiier, is fuppofcd to form one eighth of the dutchy.
§.2. It is feparated from Bohemia by the Sudet mountain?, among
which is the high mountain called the Eule. With this chain, the StaJchcndorf
liwA. hangenJ'c\fferfdorJ\\\\\%y as alfo the Geyerbergi or Mom "uu/lurius
intervening, is joined the celebrated Zottenberg or Zothenberg, the
moft ancient and beft known Lati?i name of which is that of Mons Sabothm
or Xabothus, which very probably owes its name to Zobten a fmall
town at the foot thereof. It is however likewife called Mom Zotenßs,
ZobtenfiSy Silenßi and Sileutiia, as alfo Seguax, and Bochart is of opinion
that it is likewife the Mons Ajciburgius mentioned by Ptokjny. It lies in
the circle of Schweidnitz. two Ger^nan miles from the town of that name,
and five from Breßau. Towards the north, eafl: and wefl:, it is environed
by a plain of confiderable extent, but fouthward borders on the beforementioned
Geyeriberg. Bcchart ]\\^

Schweidnltz.] S I L E S I yJ.
this being moftly done in the hilly parts of the principality, its greateft
trade is carried on there. It lias no large rivers, the principal of them
being the IFeißritz, rolfnitx and Bolyer. The firft of thefe or the Weiflritz
ifliies from the Rumpel, a fpring in the Sndet mountains near Upper-Gietfdorf,
and running to Scbiceidnifz, partes from thence into the principality
of Breßcju, where it has been already taken notice of under the
title of the Schweidnitz -ivater. The Polfiiitz, fonietirncs called the Zirfa,
rifes in Bciretigruiidc, and direcling its courfe towards Waldcnburg and
Freyburg, receives the rivulet which runs by Striegau, after which it enters
the principality of Breßan, where it joins the Weißritz. The fource of
the Bober lies near Schatzlar in Bohemia, from whence it foon enters the
circle of LandeJJmt in ^the principality of Schweidnitz, and fo continues its
courfe to Jauer.
§.3. In the whole principality are fourteen towns. The ancient Dukes
of Schweidnitz were defcended from the line of Lignitz-Bricg. By the
partition of this country made in 1278 among the fons of Duke Henry the
Bald, BoleJJatis I. obtained Munßerberg, and in
1286 Henry IV. Duke oi Bref-.
lau gave him Schweidnitz in confideration of the Glogaii war. His brother
Henry the Fat in 1291 alfo ceded to him y^rmtr, Striegau, Frankenßein,
Reichenbach and Strehlen, and in 1296 left him T^ohtenberge caftle, with
the guardianfhip of his children. Bunzlau he wrefted by force of arms
from Conrad Duke of Glogau. His three fons, though they governed
jointly, yet refided at different places; that is to fay Bernhard at Schweidnitz,
Henry I. at Jauer and Boleßaus II. at Munßerberg. Bernhard left
behind him two fons, of whom the eldeft named Boleßaus III. fucceeded
his father in the government of the principality of Schweidnitz. On the
fecond called Henry II. his father's brother Henry I. conferred the principality
of Jauer, which by his death efcheated to his elder brother ; whofe
only fon dying before him, and Anne daughter to Heiiry II. marrying
King Charles IV. it was agreed between him and Boleßaus, that on his
deceafe, the principalities of Schweidnitz and yauer fhould devolve to the
King and crown of Bohemia, which accordingly came to pafs in 1368.
Hereupon King Charles IV. conferred feveral important privileges on both
principalities, which privileges the fucceeding Bohemian Kings augmented,
from whence it is that the nobles and other inhabitants of thefe territories,
in feudal and other concerns, flill enjoy feveral immunities fuperior to
thofe of the other principalities.
§. 4. The principality itfelf is under the oberamtjregiening and the war
and domain treafuries at Breßau, and divided into five circles or Weichbilders.
Of thefe
I. The circle of Sclnveidniiz is the largefl.
I. Schweidnitz, in Latin Suidnicium, the circle town and the capital
of the principality, is a ftrong fortrefs fituated on the Weißritz, in one of
4 A 2 the
547

54.8 SILESIA. [Schweidnltz.
the moft delightful countries in all Sikfui. Its ftrength, formerly, confifted
in a triple wall, but in 1748 King Frederick 11. caukd it to be fortified with
regular and very ftrong works. The pari(h-church here is in the hands of
the Jefuits, who got footing in tliis town in 1629 and are likewife poflelTcd
of a college and fcminary adjoining to it. The Dominican, Minorite, and
Capiicbin monafteries, with the Urjclinc nunnery have alfo all
their relpedive
churches. St. Michael's, church without the lower gate is a Com?nenda>n of
the red Star prebends of St. Matthias at Breßau. Without the town is a
Lutheran church, the head minifter of which is infpedor of the churches
within the circles of Schweidnitz, Reichendach and Strigau, as alfo within the
principalities oi Mtinjlerberg. Schiveidnitz was firft walled in by Duke Bolco I.
in 1295, but in 1716 the greatcft part of it being burnt down, it has fince
been rebuilt with much more beauty than before and all entirely of ftone.
The new town-houfe in particular, is a moH: elegant ftrudure. In 1757,
however, it was taken by the Anjhiam, alter a fiege of fixteen days, during
which it was in a great meafure deflroyed by the bombs, bullets, and fires
occafioned by them. In 1758 the Frußans recovered it after a fiege of the
fame continuance.
To the town belongs the village and eflate of Leutmanfdcrf., in which is
a Lutheran oratory.
2. Zobten or der Zotten, in Latin Zobtena or Zahothiim, a fmall town
fituated at the foot of the Zohteiibergs or Zothenhill. This place was a town
lo early as the eleventh century. It belongs, together with the priory of
Gorkaii, to the Auguftine convent auj dem Sande at Breßau, and its parifhchurch
is pofiefled by the Papißs. It has frequently luffered by fire ; the
lafl of which was in 1741, when two thoufand Tolpatfches and Pandours
headed by Colonel Trenk, having been routed by two companies oi Prußian
grenadiers, in revenge pillaged and fet
fire to the town, fo that the grcateft
part of it was confumed. To this circle likewife belongs the village of
Marxdorf.
3. Fiirßenflein, a feat flanding on a hill, of which as well as of the lordfliip
appertaining thereto, xht Counii oi Hochberg-Furßerßein arc proprietors,
it having been mortgaged to them in 1509, and under the Emperor
Rodolphus II. the propertv of it acquired by then). Within this lordfhip are
the villages oi Dornhau, Upper-RudolphJ'waldau, Niederwußegirfihdorf, Oberivußegirjchdorj
,
Dorjbach, Falkenberg, Lomnitz, and Kaltwafer.
4. Freyburg or Freyberg, furnanjed unterm Furßetißsin., a fmall town fituated
on the Polfnitz, and belonging to the Count of Hochberg-Furßenftein.
In this town is a popidi church with a Lutheran oratory. In 1427 the
Hufzites attempted to ftorm it, but were repulfed.
Near it lies the village of Z/>/^?/, which is under the fame proprietor
with the town.
5. Gottefoerg, a finall town containing a popifh and Lutheran church, and
belong-

.
Schvveidnitz.] SILESIA. 549
belonging to Count Hochberg- Furßen/lein. Great quantities ot common
worftcd (lockings are made here. In 1633 it was greatly datnaged by fue,
and in 1645 plundered by the Swedes. In 1555 in its neighbourhood was
opened a filver mine, but this has been difcontinued ; of pitcoal however, it
has plenty.
6. Friediand, a fmall town on the river Steinau, and containing a popi(h
church with a Lutheran oratory. This place belongs to the Counts of
Hochberg- Furßenßein ; was built about the year 1325, in 1427 burnt down
by the Hufzites, and in 1639 pillaged by the Swedes. The lurdfiiip of
Friedliwd alfo includes under it the diftrifts oi Rajpenau and Neiidorf.
7. IValdenburg, commonly called Wallenberg., a fmall town fituated on
the Poljhitz, and belonging to the Zettritz family. In this town is a popiflr
church with a Lutheran oratory.
8. Rudeljiadt, a mine town lying on the Bobcr, not far from the confines
of the principality of Jauer, and appertaining to the Barons Schweidiiitz.
At this place are fome copper mines. Till the year 1754 it was only a
village named Rudeljdorf. To the fame proprietor likewife belong the
neighbouring villages of yagerndorj and Stein-Ku?izendorJ.
9. Salzbrunn, a village, one fhort German mile from Furßenßein, and
hitherto the only known place in all Sileßa where any traces of a falt-pit
for culinary ufes have been found, but the fpring which produces this is
alfo reckoned medicinal. In this village is a Lutheran oratory.
10. Kinßerg or Konigßerg, in Latin Regiomontium, a caftle {landing on
a hill, at the foot of which runs the Weißritz. This is one of the oldefl:
caflles in all Silefia, and with its lordlliip belongs to Aaron Eben. Southward
behind the caftle is a valley called the fcklefier Thai or Silefian valley. The
lordfhip, among other eftates, includes under it alfo that of Dittmannjdorf.
11. Tannhaufen, a village fituated on the /F^//?r;V2, and appertaining to
Baron Seer-Thojz. Near this village is a chalybeate fpring called Charlottenbrunn.
12. Weißritz, a village on the river of the fame name, in which fome
refearches have been lately made for the difcovery of gold.
13. Doma77z, a feat on a rock with the Weißritz running between. Its
proprietor, as well as of its lorddiip. Count Opperfdorf. In the village of
this name is a popifh church with a Lutheran oratory.
14. Kratzig or Kratzgau, and Rofenau, two feats of Baron T^edlitz.
15. The feats and manors of Schxvenkfeld and Teichenau, a Saxon fief
held by the Lucke family : Würben, whence the old Counts oi Würben had
their title ; but now belonging to the abbey of Grijfau, Great-Mohncu aiid
Portfihkenhayn
16. Altwaßer, a village half a German mile's diftance from Waldenburg,
and containing two chalybeate fprings :
coal mines.
Clofe by this feat are very profitable
ij. Mer-

SSO SILESIA. [Schweidnitz.
17. Merzihrf and S/cpbanßMyn, lying to the north-ezü o( SchiveUnilz.
Between thefe villages in 1642, a body of Iniperialißs was worfted by fome
Swediß? forces.
II.
The Circle of Striegau.
1. Striegau, in Latin Stregovia, StregonuWy and Trimontium, the circle
town, lies on a river by fome called Czißa^ by others the Striegau w,7ter,
which joins the Polfnitz. Its parifh-church belongs to the comn^andery of
the order of St. "John in this town. Here is alfo a Carmelite convent, with a
BenediBiue abbey and a Lutheran oratory. Its charter was conferred on it in
1289 by Duke Boleßaus the Martial. The pillages this town underwent in
1633, 1639 and 1642, with the fire in 1718 have very much reduced it.
Formerly the terra figillata dug in the Georgenberge here, and marked with
three hills, was in much greater requeft than at prefent, the magiftracy felling
it at twenty-four Sihergrofchen per pound. In 1745 between this town
and Hohen-FrieSerg, a pitched battle was fought, in which the Pnißiam
obtained a complete vidlory over the combined armies of Auflria and Saxony.
To the town belongs the village of Haydau.
2. The royal Kammeramt oi' Oel/e, was formed out of Oe/fe, Ullerfdorf^
and 'Teichenaiiy &c. eftates of Chtmt Niemptfcb, and at prefent belongs to
Prince Henry. In Oelje village here, is a Lutheran oratory.
3.
Saßerhaiifen^ an efcate at prelent belonging to Grijfau abbey.
4. The manors and villages of Damfdorf, Geulau, Plejchwitz, Great'
Rofen, Stanowitz, Taubnitz, Ruhnern, &c.
III. Bolkenhayn circle, which is united with the following, and under the
fame Landrath.
1. Bolkenhayn, in Latin Bolconis fanum, the circle town, is fmall, but contains
a popifh church, with a Lutheran oratory. Above this town ftands a
callle, which, together with the villages and rights belonging thereto, was
mortgaged in 1703 by the Zedlitz family to Grißau abbey, though with
power of redemption.
2. Hohen-Friedberg, a fmall town having a caftle, with a popifh church
and Lutheran oratory. This town obtained its charter from King Wenceßlaus
in the year 1409. The battle above-mentioned happened in 1745)
between this place and Striegau.
3. Ronßock, a feat of Count Hochberg.
4. The manors, feats and villages of Nimmerjat and Wederau, containing
2. Lutheran oratory; Schiveinhaufz, Kauder, Rudolphßdorf znd Gujzmannjdorf\
alfo having an oratory oi Lutherans.
the laft
IV, The circle of Landeßmt, united with the former, and containing
1 . Landeßmt, the circle tov>^n fituated on the Bober, which at this place
is joined by the little river Zieder. In this town is a popifh church, with a
Lutheran, G^iadenkirch; or Permiffrce -church, (the head minifter of which is
infpe(ftür of the united circles oi Landeß:ut and Bolkenhayn,) and z Latin
fchool.

Schweidnitz.] SILESIA. ^^i
fchool. This toleration of the church and fchool was purchafed by a loan
of 80000 florins to the Emperor, befides a prefent of 12000. The town
itfelf was founded in 1292, In 1638 the greatefl part of it was dcftro^ed
by fire, and in the following year it was pillaged and demolirtied with io
much barbarity, that only two pcrfons remained there. It enjoys, howe\'er,
a flouridjing linen trade. In 1745 a fmart fkirmiHi happened here be-
a body of the former in
tween the Aiißrians and Prußam; and in 1757
this neighbourhood defeated one of the latter.
The hill here called the Burgberg ftands clofe by the town, and in it is
a good ftone quarry, with a fmall fort, where formerly flood a guard or
watch-houfe. It owes its name of the Burgberg to a Burg or caftle which
once flood here.
2. Liehau or Liibau, an open little town feated in a valley. In this town
is a popifli church, but the place itfelf belongs to Gruffau abbey.
Shonberg or S'chomberg, another open little town fituated among hills
3.
and wilderneffes, and having a popifli church.
This place likewife belongs
to Grijfau abbey, by which it was purchafed in the fourteenth century. Jn
1426 it was fet on fire by the Hujzites.
4. Grijjau or GruJJhu, an abbey oi Cißercians, on the little river YJedcr,
but firrt founded in 1242 for Benedi£iine monks, by Afuia widow to Henry
Duke of Ligniiz, purfuant to the will and intent of her fon Boleßaus. In
1292, however, Duke Boko placed a fociety oi Cißercians here from Henrichau
monaftery. Its abbot wears a mitre, and is Vicar general of Silejm.
In 1633 its convent was burnt down by the Swedes and Saxons. With this
foundation is incorporated the priory of Warmbrunn. Befides the abovementioned
towns of Schonberg and Liehau, with the feats of Bolkenhapi and
Würben, the abbey is likewife proprietor of the neighbouring villages of
Zieder and Reich, or Great-HcnnerfdorJ, and feveral others.
5. Kreppelhof, a feat of Count Promnitz.
6. Schwarzwaldau, a feat of the 'Zettritz, family.
V. The circle oi Reichenbach , abounding in manufadures, and containing
under it
1. Reichenbach, the circle town fituated on the little river, P«7. In this
town is a commandery of the order of St. "John, (to which belongs the patronage
of its parochial-church, which is popifli,) and a Lutheran oratory.
Without the Frankenßein gate alfo is a priory dedicated to St. Barbara,
and appertaining to the red Star Prebends at Neyjze, and without the
Schweidnitz gate a hofpital having a fmail church. In 1632 Reichenbach
was pillaged by the Saxons, in 1633 by the Imperialifis^ and in 1634 fuffered
ftill greater calamities from the Croats. In 1642 it was facked by the
Swedes, and in 1643 the Imperial gdiXn(ox\ here demoliflied upwards of one
hundred and fifty houfes for fuel. In this town are feme confiderable
manufaäiures of linen, canvafs and fuftian.
2. Pet erf.

.
552 SILESIA. [Jauer.
2. Pcterfwaldaii, a very large and handfome village, divided into the Upper,
Middle and Lower, and containing fome manufadures., with a (lately
feat, a Lutheran oratory, and a colony of Moravians. This place belongs
to Count Promniiz.
3. Upper-Pcylc, a village having a colony of Moravians.
4. The caftle and village of Mellendor-J, with Schlaiipitz another village
belon{2;ing to the Prince of Carolath.
5. The feats and villages of Habendorf, Lower-Pcila and Pfaffendorf
6. The villages of Langen-Bielau, containing a Lutheran oratory, Ernfdorf
zx\^ Hennerjdorf, alfo having a Lutheran oratory, with fome flourishing
manufa(fl;ures.
d. I'he Principality of J J U E R,
§, I. 'T^^'HE principality oi Jauer borders to the eaft on the principalities
* of Lignitz and Schiveidnitz, fouthward on Bohemia, from which
it is feparated by a branch of the Sudet chain, weftward alfo is bounded by
Bohemia and Upper-Lufatia, and northward by the principalities of Glogau
and Sagan. It is one of the largeft and mod populous territories in all Silefia.
With refpedt to the Bohemian limits in the circle of Hirfchberg, in
1 70 1 the lordfliips of Starkenbach, Brauna and Hohenelb, belonging to
Count Harrach, and lying in Bohemia, had a conteft with Rynaß and Greiffenjiein
two lordihips appertaining to Count Schafgottijch, and confequently
with the dutchy of Silejia, concerning a trad: of land five German miles in
length and in many parts upwards of one broad; which they infifled formed
a part of Bohemia; but judgment was given in
favour of Sile/ia.
§. 2. The whole principality is in general mountainous. The branch of
the fudet chain, which to the fouth and wcfl feparates it from Bohemia, confirts
of the Flinßerg or Abendburg, the Iferiäefe and Riefengebirge, to which
belong the Seifenberg, the Krumhubel, the Bornberg, the Schneekoppe and
other fummits. The Schnee or Riefenkoppe is the highelt of all the Riefen
or Giant chain, as well as of all in Silefia; to which we may add, that it is
one of the loftieft mountains in all Europe. It exalts its head giant-like far
above all the neighbouring mountains and for the greateff part of the year
is covered with Inow. Thofe who have climbed it compute its afcent, from
the foot to the higheft fummit, at three German miles; and Mr. Schilling
late reftor of Hirfchberg, is faid to have difcovered by means of mathematical
inftruments, that its perpendicular height is not lefs than 30 Stades or
22500 Rheijiland feet. Were this height duly afcertained, this mountain
would be the very higheft in all Europe, but we much queftion the accuracy
of the menfuration. For if this mountain was of fuch a height, its
fummit would not only be covered with fnow for the greateft part of the
year

Jauer.]
SILESIA.
year, but alfo perpetually loaded with it, bcfides which the cold would be
nuich more intenie and fevere than it is in reality found to be. Its loftitft
part is a fteep flony rock of conliderable circumference, and on this part in
166H Chrijlopber Leopold Couni of Scbajgof/c/j, to which family this mountain
belongs, built a chapel, which was confecrated in 1681 and dedicated
to St. Laurence. In this chapel mafs is celebrated five times a year, namely,
on 'Trinity Su/uiay, Aiviiinciation day, St. Laurence'?,, the Nativity and yjfcenßon
of the Virgin Maty. This lofty fummic is faid to be 4500 feet
higher than all the circumjacent mountains, and the way to it, which is
from another fummit called the Kamm or Comb, is reckoned one fliort
quarter of a German mile ; but the ftone fteps by which we afcend it, at
eleven or twelve thoufand.
If this principality does not produce a fufficiency of corn for the great
number of its inhabitants, (though the Lemberg and part of the Bunzlau
circle abound in it,) yet it has other refources and natural advantages. Its
mountains are covered with wood, and its forefts in the Bunzlau are not to
be equalled in all Loxver-Silefia. It yields likewife pit-coal and mill-ftones.
The mountains contain various ores, with numerous mines of iron and copper
which are adlually worked. In this principality too is a mineral fpring,
with fome warm baths, which are much frequented. The Hirfchberg circle
affords an infinite variety of natural curioßties. Its many fabrics and manufacftures
fliall be fpoken of hereafter.
That the Elbe has its fource in the Riefengebirge has been obferved above
in our general Introduftion to Silefia. Befides that, the Ifer alio rifes here
in the Iferwieje below the Riefengebirge, from whence it haftens into Bo/jetnia.
The principal river which traverfes the whole length of the principality,
that is to fay, from fouth to north, is the Bober, which comes out of
the principality of iV-6:üm//;//2;, and enters th'M of Jauer nt^v Kupferbetg,
but leaves it again below Lejchen, where it paffes into that of Glogau. The
^eis, in Latin ^ijfus, has its fource alfo here from two fprings ; one on
the Jj'erioiefe, which runs to Fegebeutel, ^ei/e and Friedberg ; the other
beyond the village of Giebren, or even beyond Egelfdorf, and diredling its
courle to Steinau and i^ieißach, after which at Friedberg it joins the former,
Thefe two ffreams being thus united, the S^ueis forms the limits between
the ^x\nL\^'^\\xy of Jnuer ^nd Upper-Liijatia, and laftly, in the principality
of Sagan mingles with the Bober. The Wutende or raging ISleyfze, otherwife
called the Jauerfche Waffer,
paffes by the town of fauer with a gentle
current, but is fometimes fo fwelled by the fnows and rains, that it does
conliderable damage. The Xaken iffues from the Rifengehirge, being
formed by the three following currents, one of which commonly called
the Xakala, comes from the 'Lakelberge, whence it precipitates itfelf down
a height of two ells, and after that trom the Kranicbfwiefe. The fecond
or Great-Zaken rifes not far from Katzenjkin near the Pumpelwiefe, and
Vol. VI. 4 B the
SSI

554- SIL E S 1 /L [Jaiier.
the third or the Xz^cx Zakcn comes from the Wm'm oi Greiffhiflein, and
after palfing through the Mvncbivald or Monks Foreji at Upper-PeterfdorJ,
falls into the great Zaken. Thefe united ftreams pafs by IVarmbrutm to
Hirfchberg, where they join the Bober. Near this lafl: mentioned place
alfo, this river is further increafcd by the Lomnitz which iflues likewiie
from the Riefengebirge. The Katzbach has its rife beyond KetjchdorJ in
the circle oi Hirfchherg, and palTes into the principality ol Lignitz.
§. 3. Exclufive of twelve towns, in this principality are villages a German
mile in length, and in general the largeft and longert: in Sileßa, particularly
thofe in the circle o{ Hirjchberg. Some of thefe villages contain two hundred
families and upwards; and among their inhabitants are artificers, particularly
linen and veil weavers, whofe goods are bought up for exportation.
The Bunzlau earthen ware alfo is much efteemed.
§. 4. The hiftory of this principality being included in that of the principality
of Sckweidnitz^ we fliall omit it here. The diftridl itfelf, which is
under the Oberamtsregierutig, and the domain and war treafuries of Glogau^
is divided into four Weichbilds or circles : namely
I. The circle of yaiier, which is the fmalleft. In this circle is
1. yauer, in Latin lauravia^ lauravium, lavoria and Javoriu/n, the circle
town and the capital of the principality, lying on the PFutejiden Neyfze or
yauerjchen Wajfer. Its old caftle, which was the refidence of the ancient
Princes of Jauer, was burnt down in 1648, but built again by the States of
the principalities of yaiier and Scbweidnitz. The houfes on the market
place have a range of piazzas along the front for fhelter from the rains, but
thefe befides disfiguring both the buildings and the town, render the forepart
of the ground f^oor of little or no ufe. The parifli-church is popifh,
befides which, here is another fmall church belonging to the fame religion,
with a Francijcan convent having likewife a church ; and without the Goldberg
gate, the Cahinijls are pofTefTed of another church and a grammar
ichool. In the year 1640 the town was taken by the Imperialißs ivvord in
hand and plundered.
2. BrechelJhoJ, Brechehvitz or Brechelfdorf, a large village belonging to
Leubtis abbev, and improperly called a priory.
3. Lobris and Profen, two villages having feats, and belonging to Count
Nolutz.
4. The villages of Peterwitz, Seichau, Prauf?iitz, &cc. containing Lutheran
oratories.
II.
The Hir/chberg circle contains
I. Hirfchberg, in Latin Ccrvimontiiimy the circle town, fituated on the
Bober, which here receives the Zaken. This is one of the handfomeff,
mofi: populous and opulent towns in all Sileßa, having large and well built
fuburl3S belonging to it, in which are fome very beautiful gardens, and
bleaching groimds, where every year many thoufand pieces of linen veils
and

Jauer.]
SILESIA.
and other works of the loom are whitened. Thcfe gardens are llkewi(e
remarkable for their difpofition, oeconomy and decorations. The confecrated
buildings here in the hands of the Papifts are the parochialchurch,
to which belongs an arch-prieft, who is inl'pedtor over fiv archprefbyteries
; and a refidence of Jcfuits. Without the town the Liitheram
have a large and handfome Gnadenkirche , called zum Kreuz Chrijli, (the
head minifler of which is likewife infpedtor of the Hirfcbberg and Loiwnberg
circles) as alfo a fchool. For the grant of this church and fchool the
Lutherans paid 30,000 ducats as a gift to the Emperor, and advanced him
a loan of 100,000 florins befides. Next to Breslau Hirfchberg is the principal
place of trade in all Silejia, as having a very extenfive commerce for
its linens and veils. In 1549 it was burnt down: In 1633 pillaged
by fome Saxon troops, and in 1634 laid in aflies by the Imperialißs.
Not far from the town are two mountains, one called the Hausbergy
on the top of which flood a caftle : the other known by the name of the
Sattler. - Thefe mountains fome Hirfchbergers, fons of the Mufes, have endeavoured
to give celebrity to by erefting on it,
call a Parnaßus, built entirely of flone.
with great toil, what they
2. Schmiedeberg, an open free mine town of confiderable trade, feated
among hills, feme of which are half a German mile in length. This place
owes its origin to the vaft quantity of iron ore found in its neighbourhood.
Among the inhabitants are a great many lock and gunfmiths,
with other artificers in the iron branch. Hereis alfo a damask manufadure,
which makes linen, with half and whole filk damafks. It likewife
deals largely in linen. The parochial-church here is in the poffeffion of
the papifls, but the Lutherans at prefent have alfo an oratory. The town
once belonged to Count Tfchernin ; till in 1747 King Frederick II. purchafed
it for 144000 rix'dollars. Formerly very few of the inhabitants were
free from wens, which was imputed to the vitriolic and ferrugineous
quality of the water in the mine trenches ; as fince the difufe of that
water for drinking and drefling of vidluals, they are become much lefs
frequent. In 1746 it fulFered greatly by fire, but thefe damages were
immediately repaired.
3. Ku/)ferberg, a fmall mine-town feated on an eminence near the Bober^
and owing botii its building and name to the copper-works near it, the
profits of which however are greatly declined. This town belongs to the
Furji family, and contains a Lutheran oratory.
4. Schcnau, an open town fituated in a country environed on all fides
by mountains. It flands on the Katzbach, which has fometimes done
the town confiderable damage by its inundations. The parifh-church
here once belonged to the Lutherans, but about the year 1680 was given
to the Jejuits. At prefent, however, it is in the hands of the fecular
priefls. The L?///'ir««i likewife have an oratory here. Fire, war, pillage,
462 pelliknce
555

55 SILESIA. rj^^'

Jauer.]
SILESIA.
of Hirjchberg \ t\zrv\c\y Fi[chlAicb coxxtzmmg a Lidheran oratory; Kemrjifz,
Langenau and Lomnitz-, the lail of which has a Lutheran, oratory j NtukircLe
the original houfe of the ZcdUtz family ; Profeti and SchilJcw.
10. Bolkenhaus, fituateil at the conflux of the Zakcn and Eober, Bo/km
or bolzeiijiehi, lying not far from Kupferberg, Falkenjhi?! and Molkenhaus., ^\\
ruinous leats.
1 1. Between Kauffung and Seiff'ersdorf, or rather CiinnerfwahJau, is a remarkable
cavern, by the neighbouring country people called the Kutzelloch
or Kntzelkirche, full of intricate paflages, and on the top crafted with
white and brown fpars, which are very brittle and friable into a white
powder like mundic.
111. Tht Lowenberg circle, which yields great 'quantities of mill and
other ftones, and is conneded with the following.
1. Lowenberg, commonly called Lemberg, and \n Latin Leoberga and
Leopolis, the circle town, lies in a pleafant country on the Bober. In this
town is a popifh parochial-church belonging to the order of St. John, with
a commandery, a Fraucijcan convent, alfo having a church, and a Lutheran
oratory. It was once famous likewife for its manufaiftures of cloth. In
1704 it fuffered much by fire, and more ftill in 1752, during which the
parifh-church and commandery houfe were both confumed. As long fiiice
as 1746 here were no lefs than eighty empty houles. It is to be wilhed
the number may not have increafed.
2. Greiffhiberg, in Latin Grypbimojitium, a fmall town feated on the
Slueis, and containing a popi(h parochial-church. This place enjoys a
confiderable Hnen trade. The Lutheran inhabitants frequent divine fervice
at Lonn-er-Wiefa in Lufatia, the church there being very near. It is faid to
have been founded about the year] 242 by Duke BohJIatisthe Bahi, and Duke
Boleslaus or Boleo the Martial having environed it with a wall, in 1300
conferred it on the above-mentioned hero Gotjche Schaf, v/hofe defcendants
the counts of Schajgotjch continue in pofTefTjon of it. The feat here
was deftroyed by fire in 1 603 at the fame time with the place itfelf.
3. Greiffenßein., an old caftle fituated on a rocky mountain about one
fourth, or according to the map half a German mile from Greißcnberg,
and belonging to Count Schajgotjch, who has a bailiage clHce here.
The caftle is divided into three parts lying one above the other, iu an
adjacent fpot of ground, called the Rabenau, is found a dark red amber.
4. Friedberg am ^leis, an open litde town, like the two laft, belonging to
Count Scbafgotfch. Theparochial-ehurch here is in the handsof the pap)ft^^,,^ld
the Lutherans have likewife an oratory. This town has been deftroyed by
fire no lefs than five feveral times, -oiz. in i 558, 1583, 162 1, 1626, und 16^2..
5. Liebenthal or Lubenthal, called alfo Lowenthal, a fmall town fcatcd
in a moft delightful vale, about one Silefian Hiile from Greijf'enberg, aad
belonging to the neighbouring nunnery oi Benediölines. The piiell of the
parochial-church is a prior and arch-prieft, 6. Lahn
557

.
5sS SILESIA. [Jauer.
6. Lahn, a fniall town fituated on the Bober, and containing a popifli
parothial-church with a Lutheran oratory. In the year 1427 this place
was fet on fire by the Hufzites, in 1622 pillaged by the Imperialifli and
in 1640 laid in afhes by the Sivedes. The ground whereon it is faid to
have been firft built, which was in the year 12 14, was called Birkenaue.
It belonged to Lahnham or Lehnhaus, a neighbouring caftle on a lofty
eminence, but which after the peace of Weßphalia was rafed. In 1660
Adam von Kiihlhacis purchafed the town and caftle, near the latter of
which he built him a handfome manfion-houfe with a church.
7. Holßein, a caftle feated on a high rock, half a German mile's diftance
from Lowenberg, and once forming a fortrefs of great importance. It
belonged formerly to the Leßs, from whom it pafled to the Counts of
Gall. Annexed to it are the villages of Grofzivaldttz and Gierfdorf.
8. PlagwitZf an old caftle belonging to Count Schafgot/ch, and environed
with a
deep and marfliy moat.
9. Siebeneichen or Seven oaks, a handfome village having a ftately feat«
not far from the Bober.
10. Zobten, a village and feat not far from the former and lying on the
Bober. At this place alfo is a Lutheran oratory.
11. The villages and eftates of Langen-Oel/e, Neuland^ Warta and
Wenig-Rackwitz.
IV. The Bunzlau circle, which is united with the foregoing, and divided
into the Upper, Lower and Hinder.
I. In the upper circle is
1 Bunzlau, in Latin Boleßavia,
the circle town fituated in a fertile country
on the Bober. The building of this town is placed in the year 1 190. In
it is an old caftle laid in ruins by a fire, with a Dominican convent, a
church belonging to the papifts, a Lutheran oratory and an orphan-houfe.
On the fite of St. ^irin'i hofpital once flood a commandery houfe belonging
to the order of Sr. John. In the year 1739 great part of this place was
deltroyed by fire. Bunzlau exports great quantities of its beautiful brown
earthen ware. Not far from it is the ^eckbrunn or ^ick fpring, the
limpid and falubrious waters of which have been frequently celebrated by
^ileßan bards.
2. Naumburg am ^eis, a walled town lying on the frontiers of Lufatia,
and built in 1202. In this town is a popiih church under the direöion of
an arch-prieft, with a nunnery of regular Augujline canonelTes at St. Maria
Magdalena de pmiitentia, to which nunnery the town belongs. At Naumburg
likewile is made a very beautiful brown earthen ware, and befides this place,
the convent is alfo proprietor of the adjacent village of Upper-Thiemendorf.
ail
3. Greai-Kraufche, a village containing a Moravian feminary.
4. The eftates and villages of Seifferjdorf, GiJzmandorJ, Ottendoif, &c.
having Lutheran oratories.
2. In

,
Lignitz.]
2. In the lower circle is
SILESIA.
1. The lordiliip of K/ifJchJor/ bdomgmg to Count Promliz. The village
of this name, lying on the ^leis, once formed a good fortification.
2. Lorenzdorf on the ^/eis, with Old-Oels on the Bobcr, containing a
Lutheran oratory; Kitlitz-Treben, alio lying on the Bober ; Sclmifeld, Tbonmjivalde
and Aßau^ the three lafl: of which have Lutheran oratories j Woitfdorf
and Brockendorf, all efiates and villages.
3. In the binder circle is only Modlau feat, with the village of the
fame name.
559
e. 7:^^ Principality of L I G NIT Z,
§. I. 'T^HE principality of Lignitz to the wefliward is bounded by that
* of yauer, fouthward by the two principalities of Jauer and
Scbiveidnitz, eaftward borders on thofe of Breslau and JVolau, and northward
on the principalities of JVolau and Glogau ; being one of the largeft
in all
Silefia.
§. 2. The only confiderable mountains here are the Spitzi>erge and Gratzberge.
The Oder waters it for near two German miles, running along the
borders of the principality of JVolau, where it is joined by the Katzbach^
the largefl river in all the country, but which by its inundations has frequently
been very detrimental to it. Into this river run the "watende Neyfze,
with the Schivarzwaffer and the Weilach. The principality itfelf is one of
the moft fertile in all Silefia, and contains fome large woods. The horfes
bred here are alfo very good and ftrong ; and the villages about Lignitz
grow madder.
§. 3. In the whole country are five towns. The firfl Dukes of Silefia^
as namely Boleslaus, Hetiry Long beard and Henry the Good, refided at
Ligfiitz. Boleslaus II. or the Bald, fon to the latter, fucceeded to the principality
of Lignitz, -ä-nd in 1277 Duke Henry W. left him Breslau, with
many other towns. Lignitz at firft came to his third fon Boleslaus JJladißaus,
but afterwards to the eldeft named Boleslaus III, Dukes of Brieg j
from whom were defcended the Dukes of Lignitz, Brieg and Wolau
who failed in 1675, as is obferved above under the principality of Brieg.
§. 4. This diftrift is both under the Oberamtfregierung and the war and
domain chambers at Breslau and divided into four circles, with one luigle
amt or prefedlurate.
I. The circle of Lignitz, containing
I. Lignitz, in Latin Ligniciiim, the circle town, and likewife thecapital of
the whole principality, as alio one of the beft in all Silefia. This town lies in
the firft circle of Lignitz clofe to the borders of the fecond ; which extend
to its very walls. It is likewife feated on the Katzbach, which below it
receives

560 SILESIA. [Lignitz.
Not far from the Gkgau gate
receives the Schvarze V/aßer or Black IVnter.
fhmds tlie old palace of the Princes, which though within the town is
environed wi h a diftin

. Vol.
Lignitz.] SILESIA. 561
church. Each has a lake belonging to it, and between them lies the highway.
Thefe lakes being fuppofed to communicate with each other by
fubterraneous paffages, or as fome fay, this fuppofition having been proved
by filli with marks on them, the tradt of land between them ha'i been
diftinguiflied
by the fingular appellation of the broadejl bridge in all S/lr/ia.
4. A part of the village of Little-Schuveinitz, in the fecond Lignitz. circle.
5. The large Arnßwrf Teich or Mere, with five villages in the fecond
Lignitz circle.
6. Four villages in the third Lignitz circle.
2. The royal Kamtnerajnt of Great-Bcwdis, containing
1. Great-BaudiSy a village, having a Lutheran church.
2. The Wirche-Teich or Mere, being a full German mile in circuit, and
one of the largefl in all Sileßa.
3. Great-Wandris, a village, having the prefedurate-office, with 2. Lutheran
oratory.
4. Nickelßadt, a village and demefne formerly famous on account of the
great expeftation in 1342, that a gold mine of inexhauflible richnefs was
difcovered here: This fuppofition in 1345 procured it a charter, but in
1364 all the riches of the mine came to a period, and the works were difcontinued.
5. Great-Tinz, a village, containing a Lutheran oratory, with a royal demefne,
and fituatcd on the little rivulet oi Leije.
3. Klettimerwitz, an epifcopal village.
4. The eflates and villages oi Jejchendorf, Kummertiig, Mertfchutz, having
a Lutheran oratory, Peterfdorf, Prinfeiiig, Raufze, SeiferJdorJ, Little-JFandris,
&c,
5. Barfchdorf, a village half a German mile's diftance from Lignitz, and
where in 1757, for the fpace of two hours and a half, the Aujlrians and
PruJJians cannonaded each other with great fury.
3. The fecond Lignitz circle or vor der heyde, containing
1. Sophienthal, a royal farm lying without the Glogau gite at Lig?niz,
and fo named from Amta Sophia dutchefs by birth of Mecklenburg, and
confort to Duke Lewis, who in 1657 embelliflied it with a beautiful feat.
2. Litile-Schweinitz, a village partly belonging to the King's rent chamber
in Lignitz. In the year 1570 this place palled away from the Schweinitz
family, whofe mofl; ancient patrimonial houfe is in Silefia.
in
3. Goldenhube and Lindcnbujch, two villeges near Lignitz, between which
1634 the Saxon army defeated the Imperialijh.
4. Waldau, one of the largeft villages in the whole principalitv, and containing
a Lutheran church. Near this village in HS^i
the people o{ Lignitz
defeated Duke Jchn. In 1664 George III. Duke ci' B/ieg parting here
with his only daughter Dorothy Eh/abet h, confort to Httiry Prince of Naffau-Dillenburg^
and the feparation drawing a flood of tears from the eyes of
VI.
_
4 C both,

562 SILESIA. [Lignltz.
both, he caultd an elegant ftone pillar with an infcription to be erefted on
the fpot, to which alfo he gave the name of the T'ranenthal or vale of tears.
5. Rolkircb, in ancient inftruments ufually called Ruffa eccleßa, one of the
mort ancient villages in the country, and lamous for a very obitinate battle
fought there in 1216 between the Dukes Henry II. and Conrad-, both brothers,
to the advantage of the former. In this village alfo is a Lutheran
oratory.
6. Wahlßadt, i. c. \\\t field of battle., a large village belonging to the prelate
oi Braunau in Bohemia, and near which in 1241 a moft bloody battle
was fought between Duke Henry II. and the 'Tartars, wherein the Duke
being flain the vi

.
LIgnitz.] SILESIA. 563
1. GoISerg, in Latin Aurimontium, the circle town, v^'ith tlie Katzhach
running near it, ftands in a delightful country and next to Lignit-z, is the
befl: town in the principality. It is fituated on a hill, which within the town
is not every where level. The parochial-church here belongs to the Lutherans.
In the fixteenth century it had alfo a celebrated Gymnafmm, the
building ufed for which had been a Francifcan convent, but, in 1704 it v/as
reftored to that order,
lb that the Lutberajis have only a common grammar
fchool here. In this town is likewife a commandery of the order of St.
'John. The place itfelf derives its name from a very rich gold mine formerly
worked here. Its foundation is fuppofed to have been in the twelfth
century. The terra ßgillata dug here is at prefent little efteemed. The
Katzbach is a great convenience to the town, yet its fwellings have frequently,
and particularly in 1608 and 1736, done it very confiderable damages,
befides which it has likewife more than once fuffered very much by
fire. To it belong the villages of Lower-Au, Koppijch, Kofendau and the
Haynwald.
2. Rochlitz, a royal demefne and village fituated on the Katzbach, and
having a Lutheran church.
3 The Graizberg or Graditzberg, formerly known by the name of the
George?iberg, a mountain of no common height, and on the fijmmmit of
which once ftood a cafde, which was built by Duke Frederick I. in 1473,
but in 1523 one half of it was burnt down, and towards the conclufion of
the thirty years war it was totally demolirtied. At the foot of it now ftands
a ftately feat of Count Frankenberg i.
4. Harperjdorf and Probßhayn, two large villages having Lutheran ora-
The inhabitants of thefe places are moftly Scbwenkjeldijis.
tories.
5. Adelfdorf\ Alzenau, Gierjdorf, Hernifdorf, Neudorf, Pilgramjdorf, all
large eftates having villages, containing Lutheran oratories.
6. Roth (or Red) Brinigen, an epifcopal village.
7. The Spitzberg or pointed hill, ftanding on the confines of the principality
of Jauer, and which at a diftance has the appearance of a green
pyramid.
III. The circle of Haynau, united with the foregoing and containing
1. Haynau or Hayn, in Latin Hainovia, the circle town, fituated on the
little river Deichfa-, and having a caftle which was once the ufual refidence
of the dowager princefles of Lignitz, but the greateft part of it now lies in
ruins. The Lutherans are in pofi'eflion of the parifli-church here, but the
papifts have another. In 1427, 1503, 1581 and J651, this town was deftroyed
by fire, and in 1661 and 1672 fufi^ered again greatly by the fame
dreadful calamity. To it belong the villages o[ Miche/ßoff and 'PolJwi?2keI,
with Hayn heath.
2. The royal Kammeramt oi Haynau.
3. The villages and eftates oi Becrjdorf, Kaiferfwaldau, Kreibe, Lobendau,
4 C 2 Fan-

;64. SILESIA.
Panibenaii,
[Wolau.
Reificbt and Sicudtiitz, having Lutheran churches and oratories;
as alio BuchwaU, K'Jiira'lJdorf, Upfer-Golfchau, Reifichi ai)d Vorhaui.
4. Bilchdorf, an epilcopal-vilbgc.
\V. The Lube?2 circle, containing
1. Lubai, the circle town, feated in a plain, which though fomewhat
fiony, yet is rot unfruiUul. The town of itfeltis fmall, but its fuburbs.
Called the Aldjladt and Malinitz, are large, and in them are fome farms
belonging to the town trcafury. Of the ancient palace of the Princes
here little more than the walls are now to be feen. Near this palace is
a fmall popiOi chspel. The parilh-church and fchool are in the hands
of the Lutherans. Here are a great number of cloth weavers, but by no means
fo many as formerly. In 143
i it was fet on fire by the Hujzites, on which
occafion a very fmall part elcaped the flames. In 1453 another dreadful
fire broke out here. To it belong the village of Altjiadt and Liibenßoeatb .
2. The royal Kammeramt of Luben,
3. Ofzig, a village, having a Lutheran oratory and a feat. In this village
was born the celebrated Cajpar von Schivenkjeld, but the tombrtone
in the church is that of a brother's fon of his of the fame name. At
prefent it belongs to the Johnjlon family.
4. The villages and eftates of Braunau, Dictenbach, Great-Kricchen,
Petjchkendorf, Pilgramsdorf and Schwarzau, having Lutheran oratorie;,
with Ziebendorf,
V.The royal amt or prefedturate of Parchiviiz, which is annexed to nocircle.
1. Parcbivitz, a fmall town on the Katzbach, without the L^gnitz
gate, has a fuburb, in which is theLw/^^r^« parifli-church, with another
fmaller one alfo Lutheran, and an almshouie adjoining. On the other
fide of the Katzbach is a feat formerly ferving for the Prince's refidence, and
containing a chapel for the ufe of the papifls. In this town are made
good cloths. It was founded in 1280, by a gentleman of the name of
Parchwitz, from whom it pafTed to the Dukes of Lfgni/z, and from them
to the Zed/itz family, but in 1563, reverted again to the Dukes, who in
1568 mortgaged it to Fabian von Schonaich, but in 1597 redeemed it. In
1683 the greateft part of it was deftroyed by fire.
2. Pirl, Lower-HeydCy Upper-Heyde and Heinerfdcrf, four villages,
which lying near each other form a ftreet of near a mile in length.
3. Dame, an epifcopal village,
f. I'he Principality of JVO L AU,
§. i.'T^HE principality of Wolau to the fouth borders on the princi-
*•
palities ': Breslau and Lignitz^ vvcftward on thofe of Lignitz
and Glogau, nortl vard alfo joins the latter, and eaftward Poland, with,
the principalities oi ^rachenberg, Oels and. Breslau.
§.2, Its

K
e
Wolau.] SILESIA. 565
§. 2. Its foil is for the moH: part either dry, marrhy or ovenut) wi:h
woods and bufhcs ; though feveral trads ahb yield good corn lanci. Th^ Oder,
which traverles the whole principality from fouth to north, on the borders
of Lignitz is joined by the Katzbcch, where it Hkewife receives the
little rivers of Kaltenbacb, Jujeritz and feveral other ftreains with Vv'hich
the principality is watered.
§. 3. In the whole country are fix towns ; but anciently it furmed no
particular principality, the towns and diftrids of which it is at prefent
compofed being divided among other principalities ; as for inrtance,
Wolau belonged to the principality of Ods, and Steinau to that of Glogau.
In 1524 Frederick Duke of Lignitz and Brieg purchafed that part of
which the prefent principality of Wolau confifts. His fons making a partition
of his lands, Gt'org't' II. obtained the principality of ßr/V^ with the
Wolau weichbilders, and thefe continued a long time annexed to the principality
of Brieg, till the partition between his grandfons Dulce John
Cbrißian and George Rodolphus, when the Wolau laeichbilders came to the
latter, together with the principality of Lignitz. On his dcceafe the
Wolau weichbilden were ereded into a particular principality, which
fell to Chrijiian, the third fon of Duke yoh)2 Cbrißian, but at the fame
time the Ohlau weichbild, which at prefent belongs to the principality of
Brieg, was annexed to that of Wolau. The fame Duke Chrijiian alfo inherited
Lignitz and Brieg, which in 1675, on the deceafe of his fon Duke
George William, was fequeftrated by the Emperor.
§. 4. The principality is both under the Oberamtfregierung, and the war
and domain chambers at Glogau -, and confifts of fix circles or xoeichbilds, of
which, however, only the four firfl are under the fame Landratb, the two
lafl being under another.
I. The Wolau circle contains under it
1. Wolau, the circle town, and the capital of the whole principality.
This town is on all fides environed with marflies and meres, which in
wet weather are in fome meafure a natural defence to it. Belonging to it
are two fuburbs, namely thole of Breßau and Steinau : and even Krum
Wolau and Polnifchdorf -iXQ alfo reckoned as fuch. In it likewife is a palace
with a popiih church and a Carmelite convent, but the town church and
fchool are held by the Lutherans. In 1640 it was taken by the Swedes,
in 1642 furprifed by the Imperialijis, but loon retaken by the Swedes, and
in 1644 recovered by the Imperialiji • .. \ ; town treafury belong the
eftates of Garben, Polnifchdorf, Ganyi'. :•. Kaudichen.
'
2. The royal Kammeramt of PFcUi., helungs Tomiiitz, in the
circle of M'inzig, with other villager.
3. Leubus, in Latin Lubejis or Luba. abbev founded about
the yea'L '^0^0 as z Benedi^ine monaftei r
'^ the Great, King of
Polancu but in 11 50 by Duke Boleßaus eib.; . a fociety of Cißercian
monks-

566 SILESIA. [Wolau.
monks. This abbey which ftands on the Oder is a fpacious ftrufture, and
before it is a large village forming one long ftreet. About a quarter of an
hour aUb below it, on the O-s'tr, ftands Leubus, which though commonly called
a city corporate, yet is properly only a market-town. In the neighbourhood of
this place in 1 741, the Prußan huflars were roughly handled by the Außriam,
4. Old-JVolaUt MontfchutZy Pulgfen or Polfejt, all containing Lutheran
oratories.
5. Kreydel or Kreyl, a priory belonging to the convent of St. Maria
auf dem Sande at Breßau, as to this alfo belong the villages of Great and
Little- Kreydel.
II. The circle of Winzig, containing
1. Winzig, in Latin Wincium, the circle town. This place is but
fmall, and ftands high. The town church and fchool belong to the
Lutherans, but the papifts likewife have their church here. In 15 14
Winzig was totally deftroyed by fire.
2. The villages and eftates of Frofchen and Gimmel, having a Lutheran
oratory, Herren- MotfchelnitZj containing the fame, Seyjrau or SeyfrodaUf
Great-Wangern, &c.
III. The Herrenfladt circle containing a greater number of large
villages than any other, but which in 1759
RuJJian light troops. This circle contains under it
fuffered greatly from the
1. Herrenßadt, in Latin Kyriopolis the circle town, feated in a very
fertile plain between two branches of the Bartfch, and having a popifli
church, with the town church, which is in the hands of the Lutherans.
I'his place, once belonged to the Counts of Dohna. Its caftle in the
feventeenth century formed a good fortrefs and pafs. In 1759 the town
being fet on fire by the Auftrians was totally laid in afhes.
2. The royal Kammeramt oi Herrenßadt, to which the village of Zechen^
and many others belong, it being the moft confiderable amt in all this
principality.
3.
Hocb-Beltjch, Daaß, Hunern, having a Lutheran oratory, Leubel,
Kotfrheborwitz, Soberwitz, Tribufch, containing a Lutheran oratory, Great-
Wirfewitz, &c.
IV. The circle of Rutzen, comprehending
1. Rutzen, an open little town, fituated on the Barifih, and belonging
to Baron Roth, whofe feat flands on a hill here. In this town is a Lutheran
oratory, with two mineral fprings.
2. The villages and manor of Globitßchen, Herren-Lauerßtz, having a
Lutheran oratory, Lubichen, Tfchefchkowitz, Wengßadt, Little-Wirfewitz,
and Oder-Peltßh.
V. The circle of Steinau.
I. Steinau, the circle town, lies in a very fine corn country on the Kalten or
Mühlen llream, not far from the Oder, to which the fuburb of St. Georgengaje
or

Glogau.] SILESIA.
^5^
or Georgendorf c^x'iQ extends. In this town is an ancient ftruifture belonging
to tlie Prince, and by fome called a palace, but by others a Burglehn. Here
is alfo a Lutbercm parilh-church, with a popidi chapel, and jTood cloth
manufactures. In 1345 Sieinau was fet on fire by ihc Fo/acks. In iacc
above one half of it was burnt down, and in 1616 a confiderable part luffered
by the fame calamity. In 1633 the Imperialißs having furprifed the
Su'edes and Saxons who were incamped near the town, and taken the
greatefl; part of them prifoners, facked and burnt the place, fince which
the like misfortune has twice befallen it in fucceeding wars.
2. Thz PreichcituT Hald, or dirtrift belonging to the Bifliop oi Brcßau
and fo named from the village of Preicbau, befides which it contains five
other villages.
3. Bielwiefe, Dieben or Dieban, Grofzendorf, hamperfdorf, Kunzendorf
and "Ledlitz^ all containing Lutheran oratories, with Damitfch and Little-
Radlitz, edates and villages.
VI. Raudten circle.
r. Raudten, in Latin Rautena and Ruda, the circle town, is open and
fmall. The Lutherans are poffefled of the town-church here, and the papifts
of a chapel. The town itfelf was burnt down in 1642 and 1644,
2. The eftates and villages of Altraudten^ Little-Gafron, Mlitfch, Rojlerfdorj,
Urjchka, Brodelwitz, Tejchwitz, Thilau, and Wandritfch.
g. T'he Principality of G L O G A U,
§. I. '"T^HE principality oi Glogau is furrounded by Poland, and the prin-
* cipalities of Wolau, Lignitz, yauer, Sagan and Crojfen. The circle
of Schivibus which forms a part of it, is feparated from the other circles by
the dutchy of Cr^i?;/, at prefent incorporated with i\\t A4ark oi Brandenburg.
Of all the principalities in Lower-Silefia this is the largeft.
§.2. It is not only a good corn country but alfo produces a great deal of
wine, particularly in the circle of Grunberg, which yields mofi: of the wine
made in Silefia. Of wood too it has a fufficiency, and its wool is wrought
into different manufadures. The circle of Sprottau likewife abounds in
iron. The Oder waters the greateft part of the circles of this principality,
and within it receives the Bartfch, with feveral leffer flreams. The Bober
takes its
courfe through a part of the Sprottau circle.
§.3. In the whole principality are fixteen boroughs, and four market
towns. Duke Henry II. otherwiie furnamed the Pious, who poffefled all
Lower- Sileßa, to which Middle-Silefia was already annexed, and who died
in 1241, left behind him four fons, the third of whom, namely, Conrad U.
obtained the principality of Glogau, with which were at that time incorporated
Cro/fen^ Sagan^ Steinau^ Fraujladt and Koßen. In 1280, that is to fay,
eighteea

568 SILESIA. .
[Glogau
eighteen years before his deceafe, he made a partition of his lands among
his fons; to Henry the Faithful, afllgning Glogau "and Oels ; to Conrad tlie
Crook-backed, Stejnau, Raudten and Gurau ; and to Przemißaus, Sagan and
Sprottau. The lad of thefe dying, Sprottau devolved to Duke Henry, and
Sagan to Duke Conrad. Their father Conrad II. alfo reduced no fmall part
of the principality of Lignitz, and after his death and that of his eldefl; fon
Conrad the Crook-backed, his feveral territories efcheated to Duke Henry the
Faithful, who was alfo Great Duke of Poland. His fons at firft governed
jointly, but in 1312 coming to a partition, Henry IV. obtained Sagan and
Sprottau ; fohn, Steinau and Gurau ; Przemijlaus, Glogau, Croffen and Fraufladt,
(but of this laft he was difpofl'efled in 1344, by Cafimir King of Poland)
and Conrad, Oels and Wolau. Przemißaus Duke of Glogau, 6cc. abfolutely
refufed to acknowledge the feudal fovereignty oi Bohemia, and dying
in 1331 a free Prince, was fucceeded in his lands by his brothers Henry IV.
and fohn, of whom the latter made over Steinau to Conrad of Oels, and his
fhare of Glogau to John King of Bohemia, who conferred it on Cafimir III.
Duke of Tefchen, and making himfelf mafter of Henry the IVth's fhare of
Glogau, appointed a governor over it.
In 1337 the faid King conferred a part
of Glogau on Duke Henry of Jauer. Henry V. furnamed Ironfide, fon to
Duke Hairy IV. in 1360 obtained from the Emperor Charles IV. the greateft
part of what had been wrefted from his father in the principality of
Glogau. At a partition made by his fons in 1380, Henry VI. obtained
Sagan, Crojfen and Schivibus, Henry VII. Glogau, Steinau and one half of
Gurau, and Henry VIII. Freyßadt and Sprottau ; but the laft outliving his
brothers, united thofe feveral countries under his own government. His
fon Henry X. was Duke of Glogau and Crojfen, in which dignity he was
fucceeded by his fon Henry XI. who having no iffue, appointed his young
confort Barbara his fo!e heirefs. His brother fohn II. however, furnamed
of Sagan, in 1481 obtained a grant from Matthias King of Hungary of
the whole principality of Glogau, for himfelf and his male heirs ; but
havirg no fons and only one daughter, this Princefs being married to the
Duke of Miwßerberg, he was for fettling his lands on that Duke, but King
Matthias compelled him to transfer all his right into the principality of
Glogau to him, on which Matthias caufed the States to take the oath of
fealty to a natural' fon of his, called John Corvin, who, however, after the
death of Matthias, was deprived of the principality of Glogau by Wladißaus
King of Bohemia, by whom alfo in 1498 it was fettled on his youngeft
brother Sigijmund. On the accefllon of this Prince to the crown of Poland,
King V/iadifuius reaffumed the principality. In 1536 King Ferdinand I.
mortgaged it to one of the name of Biberßein, and in 1540 to Frederick II.
Duke of Lignitz and Brieg ; but in 1544 redeemed it again, and in a formal
inftrument promifed that it fliould never more be alienated or mortgaged
by the Kings of Bohemia, but always remain dependent on and anriexed
to that crown. §. 4.

Giogau.] SILESIA. 569
§. 4. The principality at prcfent is under the Oberamffregicrung and
domain and war chambers, which are eftabiidicd in its capital and divided
into fix Weichbilds or circles : namely
I. The circle of Giogau, containing
I. Great-Glogau, the circle town and the capital of the whole principality,
having the epithet o^ Great added to it by way of diftiniTtion from
Giogau in JJpper-Silcfm. Since the year 1 1 lo this place has flood on the
fouth fide of the Oder, whereas before it flood on the north, and is at prcfent
a fortrefs. Exclufive of the governor and commandant, who are nominated
by the King, it is likewife the feat of feveral of his majefly's courts
and offices; fuch as the Oberamtjregierutig, erefted in 1742, and with
which alfo is conne

570 SILESIA, [Glogaiu
7. The royal Kammeramt oi Gramfchutz, the office and court belonging
to which are kept in the village and Icat of that name, where is alio a
Lutheran oratory,
8. The royal Kammeramt, or demefne prefefturate of Obifch, containing
the villages oi Great and Little-Obifch.
9. Great-Hein-zendorf, a {lately feat on the Sprotte, and formerly reckoned
a ftrong place. This ieat lies in a marlliy country.
10. Jacol'ßirch, a village fituatcd about one Siltfian mile and a half ta
the fouth-weft of Great-Glogau, and the place where Duke Henry furnamed
of Glogau received a fevere defeat from the gentry of Glogati. In this village
is
a Lutheran oratory.
J 1 . Brieg, Clade or KUidau, GlaferfdorJ, Herrendorf, Kreidelwitz, Koeltnichen,
Kolzig, Riedfchiitz, Parcbau, Little-TJ'chirne having a Lutheran
oratory, Schabiizen, Strunz, 'Tarnaul, Tfcheplau, Wtefau, the four lafl: alfo
containing Lutheran oratories, and IVeifzholz, all farms and villages.
12. Hohekircb, a village ftanding two German miles to the fouth of
Great-Glogau, and where in 1480 the Princes and States by reprefentatives,
held a great aflembly to confult on meafures for bringing the turbulent
Duke John to peace. The papifts of Great-Glogau perform a pilgrimage
hither.
13. Wettfchutz, a village on the Oder, where In 1388 Duke Rapolt of
Glogau defeated the Poles.
14. Schlaufen, a village in which the Bartfch joins the Oder.
J 5. Woijche, an epifcopal eftate.
11. The circle of Ga/v7«, where, in 1759 t\\t Rujian light troops committed
great ravages. In it is
1. Giirau, the circle town, having a popiHi church, with a Lutheran oratory.
In the year 1457 this place was deftroyed by fire, and in 1759 laid
in allies by the Rußans. To it belong the villages of Old-Gurau, Geifzhach,
'Jeßerßmm, Kainzen or Kandjchen, Tfchilafen and one half of Salfchutz.
2. Great or Upper-Tfchirne, a fmall town fituated not far from the borders
of Poland, and having a caftle. This town obtained its charter in i 584,
but in 1759 fufFered greatly by the Pi.ußiam. It belongs to the Sch^jueinitz
family.
3. Koben, in Latin Cobena, a fmall town lying on the Oder, and having a
feat, with a popish church and a Lutheran oratory. This town belongs to
Count Noßitz. In the year J 6 16 the greatefl part of it was deflroyed by
fire. At this place is a ferry over the Oder.
4. Seirfch, a priory, which together with the villages of Seiferfdorf,
W'Jchkau and Braunau, belongs to Leubus abbey.
5. Handlpafz, a tavern on an illand formed by the Bartfch, clofe to the
frontiers oi Poland., and once ferving as a fortrefs.
6. Nartau 0: Nährten, a village having a feat which was fcrmerlj for-
"
7» The
tiliedv

y
Glogau.] S I L E S 1 y^. 571
7. The eftates, feats and villages of Conradfwaldau, ytipendorf^ Kalh^-
Bortfchen, Krafchen, Gkimg, Guhreti., Guhlau, Mechau, Nerfjtz, OJlen, RaJlauy
Romken, Schutlau, Wicfchutz, Little or Lower-Tfchirne, containing a
Lutheran oratory, and Tarpen.
III. The circle of Sprottau, in which are fome large forefts, as namely,
thofe of Feterjdorf-, Rrimkenau and Sprottau, with a great many iron works.
This circle contains
1. Sprottau, the circle town, fituated at the influx of the Sprotte into
the Boler, and furrounded by a large ftream. In this town is a caftle,
though lying at prefent in ruins, with a popifli church, a nunnery of the
order of St. Maria Magdalena de pcenitentid, a Lutheran church and a
fchool. In the years 1473 and 1671 it was totally deftroyed by fire, and
in
1703 fuffered again greatly by the fame dreadful calamity.
2. The lordfhip of Pri?nkenau, belonging to Count Reder, and containing
under it
1. Primkenau or 'Primmikau, by fome, in Latin called Frimißa'via, an
open little town having a popifh church with a Lutheran oratory. In the
year 1681 this place was demolifhed by fire.
2. Hajelbafh, and five other villages.
3. The eftates and villages of Hartau, Malmitz, having a Lutheran oratory,
Ottendorf, Reuthe and Zaiiche.
IV. The circle of Freyßadt, containing
1. Freyßadt, in Latin Eleutheropolis, the circle town, with an old caftle,
a popifti parlfli-church and a Carmelite convent. Without the town is a
Lutheran Gnadenkirche, or Permrßion church, and a fchool; which indulgence
was purchafed by a free gift to the Emperor of 10,000 florins, and a
loan of 80,000. In this town are made good cloths. Towards the end
of the feventeenth century by much the greater part of it was deftroyed by
fire. Without the Sagan gate is a farm belonging to the town.
2. Neufalz, an open little town fituated on the Oder, and under the royal
demefne office here. In this town is a popifti church, with a Lutheran
oratory, and a colony of Moravians. Formerly it was noted for rcfiniiig
fait, and at prefent the King has a fadory of niiU-ftones here, where all
forts of that commodity are fold. In the year 1743 it obtained a charter.
In 1759 a body of Cojacks furprifed it and fet it on fire, by which the town
houfe, and the Moravian manfion-houfe which was a very noble ftrudure,
were deftroyed, and the Moravians themfelves driven out by the enemy,
but they foon after returned and repaired the damage,
3. Neußadfel, an open little town fituated on the Weisfurt. Its church
belongs to the papifts, but the Lutherans have alfo an oratory here. In
1474 this town was totally burnt down, and in 1678 greatly damaged by
another fire.
4. The eftates and \'ilhges of BrunzeluuilJ, Htrgefdorj, Up/H'r-Herzogf-
4 D 2 IVaide

.
572 S I L E S I A. [Glogau,
ivctlde, Lcffcudorfy Seyfferfdorf, Streiteljdorf^ Windifch-Bohrau, and Weichau
having a Lutheran oratory.
V. The Grunhcrg circle.
1 Grunberg^ by ftjme called Praßa Elyfiorum, by others Thalloris, the
circle town, is on all fides environed with rich vineyards. Its church is in
the hands of the papifts, but befides this, it has alfo a Lutheran oratory.
It makes likewife great quantities of cloth. In the years 1582 and 1627 it:
was totally deftroyed by fire. To the town belong the villages of Krampe,
Kuhnau, Lan/itz, Sawade, JVafcheke and Witgenau.
2. JVartenberg, an open town fituated on the river Ochel, and belonging
together with fix villages to the Jefuits at Great-Glogau, who have a refidence
here. In the year 1441 this town was entirely deftroyed by fire, and
in 170 1 a great part of it dcmoliiLed by the hkc calamity.
3. Salitr am Hammer, an open little town, having a Lutheran oratory,
and forming a lordfliip of Count Cofels.
4. Kontop, a market town containing a Lutheran oratory.
5. Johnfberg, Boyade I s.nd Guntcrfdorf, the two laft of which have Lutheran
oratories, Deutjch-Keffel, Lowald, Ochel-Hermfdorf, containing a Lutheran
oratory, Prittack and Schweinitz, alfo having a Lutheran oratory.
VI. The circle of Schwlbus, which continued incorporated with the
principality of G/o^rttt, from the year 1335 till 1686, when the Emperor
Leopold transferred it to Frederick William Eleftor of Brandenburg, as an
equivalent for his pretenfions to certain principalities in Silefia. This Prince
credled it into a dirtinft principality and bore it in his title. On the Eledor's
death the Emperor demanded the reftitution of the circle, the fucceeding
Eledor Frederick III. having in 1686, formally bound himlelf to fuch
refiitution. At firft, however, he would not lilien to it, but in 1695 the
aiTair being compromifed, the Eledor in confideration of the fum of
s 50,000 guilders rellored the circle to the Emperor ; fince which alfo it
has never been feparated from the principality of Glogau. It contains under
it two cities, with one market town, and forty-two villages.
J. Schwiebus or Schwiebußi'n, in Latin Suibufium, Suebodinum, Suibijfa
and Suebißena, the circle town, is watered by the Schtoemme. In this towa
is a caflle, held as a mortgage by the abbefs of Trebnitz, with a parifhchurch
pofiefi'ed by the papifts and a Lutheran oratory ; as alfo feveral good
manufadories of cloth. In the years 1522 and 1541, Schwiebus was deftroyed
by fire.
To the town belongs the village of Salkau.
2. Licbenau, a fmall town, having a popilli church and a Lutheran orator)-,
and belonging to Paradies convent, which lies in Poland, but borders,
t-n this circle.
3,. Muhlbcck, a market town belonging to T^rcbnitz convent.
5 4. M£rz

Neyfze.] SILESIA.
573
4. Merzdorf^ Mittwalde, Ogerfchutz, Rake, Riedfchutz, Starpel, Stetifch,
Wtlkau, &c. eliates and villages.
2. Six mediate principalities : namely
a. The larger part of the Pr'mcipallty of N ET S Z E.
§, I. 'T^HE principality oi Neyfze, by fome alfo, but improperly, is called
-' the principality of Grotkau. The dignity of Prince, which it had
been in poffeflion of long before, beipg annexed to it, the circle of Grotkau
was by purchafe added to its territories. This principality which is
environed by thofe of Munjlcrbcrg, Bricg, Oppcln and jagerndorj, as alio by
Moravia and the county of Glatz, is one of the largeft in all Silefia, and
among the mediate principalities the firft.
§. 2. The fouthern half of it is very hilly, as through it runs that part of
the bildet chain called the Mahrifchc Gebirge or Moravian mountains, and
more particularly the Gejenke-, but the northern half as being lefs mountainous
is more fertile. The Neyfze and Grotkau circles breed good horfes.
The latter alfo yields tobacco, and in the former is made a great number of
iron-mills. Its largeft river is the Neyfze, which comes out of the principality
oi Munßerberg, and after continuing its courfe through this principality
for fome miles from weft to eaft, winds away northwards. It receives
into it moft of the rivulets and brooks of this country, the principal of which
is the Billau, iffuing from a hill called Lauterßerg. In this diftridl alfo between
the villages of Lindejiau and KofperdcrJ, not far from the borders of
the principality of Miinflerberg rifes the Ohlau, into which laft it alfo conveys
itfelf. The fource of the Oppa is likewife in this country among the mountains
and called the Schwarze or black Oppa. It comes out of the Mojbnich,
after which it foon receives the white Oppa^ and on the borders of the MiiL~
derherrfchaft or inferior lordHiip of Freudenthal joins the Middlc-Oppa.
§. 3. The whole principality oi Neyfze contains under it eleven cities. It
belongs to the bifhopric oi Brcfau, to which alfo it came in the following
manner. Duke Boleßaus, furnamed Altus, who pofleffed all the Lower and
Middle-Silcfia, in 1179 conferred on his fon farofaus the whole of the
country of Neyfze, with all its prerogatives of fovereignty. yarcflaus being
created Bifliop of Brejlau towards the end of the year 1 1
98, in 1 1
99 iettled
the faid country on the See of Breßau, to which alfo it has ever Itnce continued
annexed J
but it was not till 124a, that the Bifliop obtained the jus'
ducale, or princely prerogatives over the country, which were granted him
by Duke Henry II. furnamed the Pious. In 1341 the See purchafed of
Bcleßaus III. Duke of Brleg, the Weichbild oi Grotkau, which was incorporated
with the principality of A'('r/i;£'. At the peace of i>«V//? in 1742, as
well as at that of Drejdcn in 1745, the part of this principality lying contiguous
to Lloravia was continued annexed to the crown cf Bohemia,

574- SILESIA. [Neyrze.
§. 4. Though the Grotkau diftridt of itfelf forms no dutchy, nor any diftind
principality (§. 2.) yet is the Bilhop of Breßau ufually ftiled Prince of
Neyfze and Duke of Grotkau ; and by virtue of this principality takes place
of all the other Princes in Silejia, Its arms are quarterly, in the firft and
fourth quarters, ruby fix lillies, and in the fecond and third topaz, an eagle
diamond, having on its bread a half moon pearl.
§. 5. Since the peace of Berlin fee (§. 3.) the Bifliop, relatively to this
principality, is under two fovereigns, that is to fay, the Kings of Fritßa and
Bchcmia. The feat of its regency is at Ottmachau^ and its other ofüces are
held at Ncvfze. The greater part of it as fubjeft to PruJJia is under the royal
Oberamtjregierung at Oppeln, though at prefent removed to Bn'eg, afTifted by
the war and domain chambers at Brcjlati.
§.6. We (hall here give an account only of that part of the principality
belonging to PniJJm, and containing
I. The circle of Neyfze. In this diflriö is
1. Neyfze, in Latin Nijfa, the circle town, and the capital of the whole
principality, as alfo a place of great flrength. It lies on the river Neyfze
which pafTes by it, but the Billau even takes its courfe through it. On the
other fide of the Neyfze, on a hill where King Frederick II. at the fiege of
this city in 1741 railed his firfh battery, is a Prufian fort eredled in 1743,
by order of the faid Prince, who himfelf laid the firfl ftone of it. The King
appoints a governor and commandant here ; but the Prince and Bifliop is
pofTefTed of the palace, with a treafury, a court of juflice, a demefne and
confiflorial office. Here is alfo a collegiate church, which is likewife the
parochial-church, dedicated to St. yames, with St. Nicolas, the abbey of St.
Peter and St. Paul, dedicated to the Holy Crofs, a Jefuits college, two Francifcan
convents, a Dominican monaflery in the new fuburb called Friedrichsßadt,
a Capuchin convent, and a nunnery of the order of St. Maria
Magdalena de pcenitentia. This town was pillaged and deflroyed in 1284
by Duke Henry IV. In 1525 one half of it was demolilhed by fire. In
1642 it was taken by the Swedes, and in 1741 by the Prufians. In 1758
the Außrians having laid fiege to it, it was fortunately relieved by the King
oi Prufia, In 1741 the ^////r/Vz/z commandant caufed the fuburbs to be
fet on fire, but after the peace of Drefden they were rebuilt, and a new
fuburb added by the name of the Friedrichsfladt, lying between Prifjia
fort and the Neyfze, in which is held a court in his Majefty's name. To
the town belong the villages of Great-Neu?idorf &t\6.
Pobiifchwettau.
2. Ottmachau, a fmall town fituated on the Neyfze, and containing a
palace of the Bifliop and Prince, with his court of regency, as alfo that of ^,
the bifhopric oi Breßau, the principality of Neyfze, and an office. Its paro- ^
chial-church is the property of the papifls. In 1741 this town was taken
by the Pnfians.
3. Pdfchkau, a fmall town fituated on the Neyfze, and containing two
churches.

Oels.] SILESIA, 575
churches, "viz. St. NicoJas's and the parochial-church, the latter of which
is in the hands of the papifts,
4. Ziegefihah, a fmall town fcated on the river BiUau, and having a
church which is poflefled by papifts. This place is famous for its manufadures
of beautiful glaflcs. In the year 1428 it was dertroyed by tiie
Hußtcs^ and in 1445 by William Duke oi Troppau, befides which, it was
alfo entirely demolilhed by a fire in 1560. Here are feme iron works.
5. Behau, Bilitz, Grünau, Hertwi^fwatd, Laßot, Mahlendorj\ NtuhauJ-,
Loiver-Fomfdorf, Winzenberg, dec.
II. The Grctkau circle, comprehending
1. Grotkau or Grottgau^ the circle town, having a palace belonging to the
Bifliop, with a popifh parifli-church. In the year 1438 this town was deflroyed
by tVladißaus King of Poland, and in 1445 by Williain Duke of
Troppau. In 1449, 1490 and 1591 it was demoliilied by fire. In 1633
and J 642 pillaged. In J 524 a diet of Princes was held here. To the
town belongs the village o{ Little-Ncundorf.
2. The eftates and villages of Old-Grotkau, Falkenau, Nicklajdorf and
Kuhfchfiialz.
3. The JVanfenifche Halty fituated between the circles of Sirehlifch and
Ohlau, and belonging to the principality of Brieg. In it is
1. Wanfen, a fmall town on the Ohlau, containing a popiHi parochialchurch.
In the year 1438, 1606, 1620 and 1678 this town was deftroyed
by fire. Great quantities of tobacco grow here.
2. Old-Wanjeriy Bifchwitz and feme other villages.
b. 'The Principality of OELS.
§. I. 'T^HE principality o£ Oels is furrounded by Poland, the pincipalitiea
'• of Brieg, Brejlau, Wolau and Trachenberg, as alfo by the free
Standeßerrfchaften, or State Lordß.nps of Militjch and Wartenberg,
§. 2. Its foil Tandy and not very fruitful. It lies at no great diftance from
the Oder, and a fmall diftrid belonging to the circle of I'rebnitz, even borders
on that river, which there receives the Weyda. The latter of thefe
ftreams with the Oelfe which joins it, has its fource in the free Standejherrfchaß
of Wartenherg. The other rivers here are yet fmaller.
§. 3

^76 SILESIA. [Oels.
try of 0('/j became a particular principality. This Duke Conrt^dl. in 13 19
acquiefctd in the feudal fovereignty of Bohemia, and from hit, brother John
Steinalt, and the King of Bohemia, in 1338 obtained, that in cafe of his dying
without ilTue his principality fliould dcfcend to his daughter Hedwiga^
and her defendants. lie was lucceeded, however, by Conrad II. who had
in his fons four fucceflors, namely, Conrad III. Duke ol Oeh and Cojel, Conrad
IV. Duke of Wolou and Steinau, Conrad V, who obtained the feat of
Canth, and Conrad VI. who acquired Wartenberg and Bernjladt.
At length
the whole principality defccnded to Conrad VII. fon of Conrad III. who
dying in 1492 without heirs, it efcheated to W/adißaus King o^ Bohemia.
That monarch in 1495, transferred it to Henry Duke oi Munßerkrg, fun
to George Podiehrad Kwg of Bohemia, in exchange for the lordfliip of Podiebrad.
The defcendants of this Duke continued in poffefTion of the principality
of Oels till their extindion in the perfon of Duke Charles Frederick
who died in 1647, having only one daughter named Elijabeth Maria, mar-
female f\t.f,
ried to Sylvius Nimrod, Duke of Wurtemberg, who inherited this
and by the Emperor Ferdijiand III. was invefled with it for her hufband
and the heirs of their bodies whether male or female. An irregular divifion
was made of the principality between their children and grandchildren, but
the prefent Duke and fole proprietor of the whole principality is Charki
Chrijliayi TLrdmann, who is married, but hitherto is without iffue.
^. 4. The tide affumed by him on account of this principality is : Prince
of Oels and Bernjiadt. Its arms are the black Silejian eagle with the filver
crefcent in its breaft.
§. 5. The Prince's colleges here, which are thofe of the regency, the
confiflory, the treafury, and the aulic council are held at Oels the capital;
In other refpeös the principality is under the royal Oberamtfregierung, and
the war and domain chamber at Breßau.
%. 6. It is divided into four circles, of which the two firft are united
under one Landrathe.
{. The circle of Oels contains under it
1. Oels, in hatin O'tlna and Olfena, the circle town, and the capital of the
whole principality, fituated in a marfliy foil on the river Oelfe. In this town
is
a refidentiary palace of the Prince, with two Lutheran parcchial-churches,
to one of which belongs the fuperintendent of the principality, a frce-fchool
(endowed by a Count of Kojpoth, with falaries for a mailer of languages, a
fencing and writing maffer,) and a popifli church. In the year 1559 a
great part of this place was deftroyed by fire. In 1634 it was burnt by the
hnperialißs, and in 1730 the greater part of it again a fecond time demoliflied
I. Sibyllcnort, a viünr;.», formerly called Neudorf, and afterwards Raflelicitz.
by fire.
2. The following allodial eflates belonging to the Prince; namely
2. Dcmatßhinc,

Oels.]
2. Domatfchiv.c, a village.
3.
Little-Brujcbwiiz, a village.
SILESIA.
4. A part of the village of Langenwiefe.
3. Wurtenberg, a farm of the Prince's fituated at Bod'Jchutz, and having
a Lutheran oratory, Doberle, likewife having a Lutheran oratory, Karlßiirg
formerly called Neuhraifz, and Spalitz.
4. Wilhelnnna2ort , formerly called Brefewitz, and the place where the
Prince has a bailiage office.
5.
an office.
Vielgiit^ a caftle and village on the Weyda, where alfo the Prince has
6. Friederichsfeld, forrnerly called Hundsfeld, but by the Poles Pfie Pole,
an open little town fituated not far from the Weyda, and containing a popifli
church. This place belongs to St. Vincent's abbey at Brcf.au. Its name
was Hundsfeld i\\\ the year 1743, when the prelate of St. Vincent's changed
it io Friedrichsfeld in honour of King Frt'^j'^r/Vi II. who encamped here.
la 1750 while the King with the greatefl: part of his retinue fpent the
night in the town, fev

578 SILESIA. [Sagan,
5. BrUzeii, Vpper-Kufchlitz, Krafcben, hangenhof cum Tufchenherg Laiihfkf^
Mubloxcilz, Mibffchutz, Ulberjdorf, IVoifJ'dorJ, IVabnitz, Zauche, IVadiubcich.
Sec. all ellatcs and villages.
JII. The circle of Trebnifz, comprehending
1. Trebnitz, the circle town, though fmall and open. At this place i?
a L?WjiT«« paridi-church, v,'\t\i a. Ci/iercian nunnery founded in 1203 by
Duke Hefjry Longbeard. It is a moitgage of the King's callle at SchwiebuSy
and to it likewile belong the villages of Pavelau, Britzen, Domnowitz,
JVi'iyfdorf or Weigeljdorf^ Kunzendorf and Havierfdorf, the three laft of
whicn lie in the principality of Muiißerberg.
2. Slroppen, a fmall open town, having a Luthercin church and fchool.
3. IVerfingave^ a village lying not far from the borders of the principality
of Woklau, and having a mineral fpring.
4. The Bifhop of Breßau pofkfies within this circle
1. Zerhvitz, a country town.
2. The villages of Little-Zauche, Lillle-Schwei/iern, Kozerka, Littlel'otfchen,
Pirbijchau, Burgwitz, Stmiifchsn, 6cc.
5. Elgut, Kafchiieve, Great-KrotJ'chen, Leipe, Jagotsfchutz, Minitz,
Great and Little-Muritfch, Paflefchau, Great-Peterioitz, Perfchutz, Schlam-witz,-
Stricfe, IVilkaiva, 6cc. all eftates and villages appertaining to
noblemen.
5. Muffel, a feat and church-village, at the weft end of which is the
eminence of T'oppelberg, once a pagan burial place, as appears from tlxe
great number of urns and other mortuary antiquities found there, which
have been circumftantially defcribid in Hermanns Maflcgraphia. This was
the firft pagan burial place difcovcred in Silefta.
IV. The Circle of Ccnjiadt, which is feparated from the other circles
by that of Namßau, belonging to the principality oi Breßau, and governed
by the fame Laudrath, as the circles of Kreutzburg and Pitjchen in the
principaliiy of Brieg.
It contains under it.
1. Conßadt or Kwißadt, an open little town having a Lutheran church
and fchool, and appertaining to the adjacent feat of Count Pofadowsky.
2. The eftates and villages of Deutfch, Wurbitz, SimmeiicUy and
SkaJurig, all
containing Lutheran oratories, with JVundJchutz.
c. iToe Principality of SAGAN.
§. I. 'TpHE principality of Sagan, to the eaft borders on that of GlogaUy
•^ to the fouth and weft on Lufatia and the dutchy of Crcjfen,
and northward aifo joins the faid
dutchy.
§. 2. Within it are large woods and good chaces, and as it abounds in
iron ore, h^re is alfo a great number of iron mills. The ^eifz runs
through

Sngan.]
SILESIA.
through the whole length of the principality, traverfing it from foiith to
north, and in its courfe receives the Boöer, the Tjcherna and the Bricjhit'z.
The Neyfze waters only a fmall trad; of the circle of Fricbin.
§. 3. In the whole principality are tiirce cities and one market town.
It was at firft unii:ed with the principality of Glogau, as has been fliewn
above in the hiftory of the latter, but the fens of Duke Hairy VIII. on
his deceafe,
which happened in 1395, making a partition of their patrimonial
territories, Sagan at that time a diftindl principality fell to Duke 7c/;?,
who thereon took it for his title. His fon Jolm II. in 1473, ^"^''^^ ^^^
confent of King Matthias, difpofed of it for the fum of 55000 ducats to
Erneß Eledtor of Saxofiy, who conferred it on his brother Duke Albeit,
•whole two fons inherited it fucceffively, as did likewife the two fons of
the latter, namely Duke Moritz and Auguflus. The firft of thefe becoming
Duke of Saxony, in 1549 ceded the principality of Sagan to the
Eniperor Ferdinand I. who, in 1553 mortgaged it together with the
loi'ilhips of Sorau, Tribcl and Friedland, to George Marggrave of Brandenburg.
This mortgage in 1558 Balthafar of Promnitz bifhop of BreJIau
purchafed to himfelf, but he dying the principality of Sagan reefcheated
to the crown of Bohemia. In 1628 the Emperor Ferdinand II. m

580 SILESIA. [Munflerberg.
3. The efliatcs and villages of Z)///^rj/^tff^, Eifenberg, Jlerzogfivnld Kun'
xendorj, having two feats, Äw/'/tr, Petcrfdorf 3.nd RiickcrJdorJ, containing a
huthern?! oratoiy.
4. Hertivigfiüalde, Wachjdorf ^wA. JVitgcndorf, all efiates and villages belonging
to Sprottau town, though of the two firft Count Scbafgotfch owns
a part. All thcfe places like wile have Lutheran oratcries.
il. The Priebui circle, which is the largcft and contains under it
1. Prifbus, the circle town, fituated on the Neyfze. Exclufive of it«
church, which is in the hands of the papifis. this place has alfo a Lutheran
oratory. In the year 1597 a great part of it was deftroycd by fire, and ia
J 61 2
the whole.
2. Hartmaindorf, a demefne and village.
3. Freyu-alde, a market-town and feat.
4. Grafcnhayn, a village belonging to Sagan abbey.
5. Tfchirndorf, a village on the river Tjchema. At this place was
once a hunting feat, where in 1547 Duke Augußu^ and Maurice of
Saxony frequently diverted themfelves.
6. Buhrau, a village belonging to Count PromfjitZj and having a colony
of Moravians.
7. Hanfdorf, Pechern, Great-Peterfdcrf znA other eflates and villages.
8. Cromlau, Jatnlitz, Tfchcniitz, Lteskau and Bloijcbdorf, all villages
environed by the territories of Lufatia.
III. The Naumburg circle, being the fmalleft and containing under it
1. Naumburg, furnamed am Bober, the circle town, though fmall and
open.
In this town is a popifli church with a Lutheran oratory, but the place
itfelf belongs to Count Promnitz. Clofe to it is a priory under the infpection
of the church, and fubjedl to Sagan abbey, but having feveral villages
belonging to it, among which is Reichetibach, Neuivald, &c.
2. Old-Klepen, Rofel, Kunzendorf, Schoneiche, T^heuren and TJckirke, villages
belonging to Count Promnitz ; with Eich a farm.
3. Great-Dobritfcb, together with Upper and Lower-Gorb, and Reichenaiu
d. Tie Principality of MUNSTERBERG,
§. I. -^TpHE principality of Munßerhcrg is environed by the principalities
-'
of SchweidnitZy Briegznd Neyfze, and the county of Glatz.
§. 2. It is a good foil, and befides iiax, hemp and wood produces all
forts of grain, and the neighbourhood of Munfitrberg yields great quantities
of hops. Here are likewife large breeds of good horned cattle and
Iheep. To the weft and fouth or near the county [^of Glatz it is very
mountainous, the Bohemian chain ending in thofe parts and the Moravian
chain of mountains beginning there. To the latter belongs the Reichen/ian
ran PC,

Munflerberg.] SILESIA. S^t
range, which confifts of the goldenen Efel, (or golden aß) the Ktd.^hcrg,
(or cow bill) the Himmdberg (or heaven bill) the Scholzcnbtrg, the Drachenberg
(or Dragon bid) otherwifc called tlie Klang, and the Huttcnberg.
The Ohlau, one iburce of which lies in the principality of Neyfze not far
from the borders of the principaüiy of Munßerbcrg^ and the fecond above
Ncw-ylltmanfdorf runs beyond the town of Munßerberg, and from this
principaHty pafTes into that of Brieg. The Ncyfzp, which comes from t'le
county of GlaiZy traverfcs the whole breadth of the Frankenjlein circle ,
and continues its courfe from thence into the principality of Ney/ze.
§. 3. In this principality are three boroughs and one market town. Its
firft Princes were of the line of the Dukes of Scb-aycidnitz : fee above
under the hiftory of tlie principality of Schweidnifz. At the partition
between Bcleßam I. and his brother Henry V. or the Fat, fons to Bch-ßausU.
or Bald, the former obtained Mun/lerberg, and founded a diflincl line
there. His youngefl fon Bolcf,aus relided at the aforefaid town, and in
1341 niortgaged Frankenjldn to Charles, fon to the King of Bohemia. He
was fucceeded by his fon Nicholas the Little, who made an abfolute fale of
Frankenßein to the Emperor Charles IV. His fucceffor again \vas his fon
Boleflaus IV. to whcfe lands fucceeded his two fons '^ohn and Henry.
The ktter dying before the former, who was killed in 1429. Miinßerberg
fell to the crown of Bohemia, which, in 1443 conferred it as a fief
on William Duke of T'roppaii, whofe brother inherited it after him, a: d
this Prince dying in 1454 without iffue, it reverted to the crown oi Bchemir,
•
on which ¥^\x\gGeorge Podiebrrd gzwt it to his fons. At the partition made,
between them, the eldeft named Henry, obtained Miuiflerberg, Glatz and
/ome eftates in Bohemia, the firfl of which on his deceafe defcended
to his fon Charles I. who alfo inherited Oels. His fons Hc?iyy II. and
Geofge \\. in 1542 mortgaged Munßerberg to Frederick II. Duke of
Lignitz, and the fons of the former, Henry III. of Ods and Charles III.
fold the demefnes to the States of Munßerberg, who together with the
v^hole principality fubmitted themfelves to the Emperor Moxlmillinn as
King of Bohemia, whence all that remained to the princely line of Munßerberg,
which tlourifhed till the year 1647, was th." bare title and arms
of the principaHty. In 1653 the principality of Munßtrberg, with the
diltricl oi rraukenlietn, was by the Emperor FiTif.'';;^«^' conferred as a fief on
"John Weichard of Aucrsberg, whofe defccndants ftill enjoy it.
§
4. The Duke of Munßerberg and Frankenßein, for the fnfl of thefe
territories bears party per pale, topaz and pearl, a fpread eagle, paly diamond
and ruby, having on its breafi a crefcent inverted pearl, and for the
latter ruby a lion with a double tail and a crown pearl. He hss alfo his
regency here, with his colleges of ju!fice and treafury office.' In otlier
reipcds the principality is under the royal öbcrani'.frrgierung, and the war
and domain chan:ibers at Breßau.
§ '• T^ie

.
5^2 SILESIA. [Munfterberg.
§ 5. The whole principality confifts of two circles or iVeicbbildi : namely
J. '^\\fi Muvjlt-rberg c\xc\^, containing
1. Munßct berg, by the Poles called Samhice, the circle town and the
capital of tlie whole principality, lying on the river Oblaii. In this towa
is an old caAle of the Dukes, with a parochial popiOi church, and another
called St. Peter and St. PanN, belonging as a cotnmendam to the red ßar
prebemlaries of St. Matthias at Breßau. To thefe are to be added a Lu~
theran oratory, with another of Bohemian Cuhinißs. Tiie culture of hops
is one of the moft confiderable employments of the inhabitants. In 1678
a great fire iiappened here. TheOhlaugut, vnxh other parts of the fuburbs,
belongs to the abbey of Ilenrichau, but fome parts alfo to the ccmmendam
of Sr. Matthias at Breßaii. On the other hand too the town is the property
of the village of Leipe, which is noted for its fine clay.
2. Beerwalde, Beerdorj and New-Altman/dorf, all demefnes.
3. Henrichau-, a Cißercian abbey on the Ohlciu, the abbot of which is
mitred. It was founded in J222 by a nobleman of the name of Nicholas,
fecretary if not chancellor to Duke Henry Long-beard., who calling it by
his lords name, the latter in return confirmed its charter.
To it within this circle belongs
1. The Kloßer hof.
2. The villages of Ohl-FIenrichau, Barzdorf, Bernfdorf, Crd/zwitz, Do~
brifchau, Fromfdorf, Krelkau, Alofchwitz, Neuhof, Ohlgut, Polmjch-Peterivitz,
Ratz, Reimann, Rotfeh, Tanfchenberg, Wiefenthal, PFilwitz, Zeßfelivitz
and
Zinkwitz.
3. The lordlhip of Sclxn-yohnfdorf.
4. I'oppliwoda or Teppeliaode, a market-town feated on the little river
Lau, and having a Lutheran church. Its name denotes that there has
been formerly a warm fpring here.
5. Alger(dorf. Glambach, Kummehvitz, Nofchwitz, Great and Little-
Schildberg, Schlaufe, Seittendorf, all eflates and villages.
II. The Frankenßein circle, comp-^-ehending
1. Frankenßein, the circle town, lying on the P^?^«:?, and containing a
palace of the Princes, with a parochial-church, and a Dominican convent
alfo containing a church, and being the refidence of the regency. In
the year 1632 this town was almoft entirely deftroyed by fire. To its
magi n racy belongs a part of Wartha town, with the eftate and village of
Olberfdorf.
2. Camenz, a Cißercian abbey, fituated not far from the Neyfze, and
originally forming a feat, which in the thirteenth century was conferred on
fome regular canons, but about the year 1240 fettled on the Cißercian
order. The greater part of this circle belongs to it, namely
1 A part of the town of Camenz.
2. A part of the villages of Old-Altmanfdoifd^n^ Baumgarien, Near the
latter

Trachenbcrg.j SILESIA. 583
latter in 1 74 1 a fmart llvirmifli happened between a body oiPnifjian dragoon«:,
and another of AulJrian hud'ars, to the difadvantJge of the latter.
3. The villages of Upper and Under- Aicbe or EicImu, Baitzen, Bafwu,
Dor)!dorf, UunAmrt, Folmerjdorf, Gterichj\valde, Grochwiiz, Grünau, Hangts^
Heinrichfiihilde, H> nncrjdorf , yolnisimch, Laubnitz, MeiJridJdorf,Great-NcJfeny
in tlie circle of Mimjlerberg, PaulwitZy Pielz, Reichcnauj SchlcttendorJ and
Walmjdorf.
3. Wariha, an open little town, feated aruong hi'^h n'lOvmtains on the
liver Ncyfze, and having a parochial-church, to which as alfo to a chancl on
an adjoining eminence, is a great refort of pilgrims every Whitfuntide. A part
of this place belongs to Camenz abbey, which has a priory here, and another
part to the town of Frankenßcin, which likewife levies the toll, but is
obliged to keep the bridge over the Neyfze in repair.
4. The villages of Frankenberg, Peterwitz and Protzen, belonging to
heiligen Kreuze abbey on the fand ifland at Breßau.
5. Tlie eftates and village9 of Caitbitz, and Glerfchdorf or Gerfdorf,
having a Z/Z^/Z'tTö« church, Kleiäfch, Lamperfdorf w\t.\\ 3. Lutheran church,
Sluickendorf alfo containing a Luthera?t church, Raudnitz and Roßenbach,
having a Lutheran oratory, Schottheide, Schrepfdorf andi Stolz, in the laft of
which is alfo" a Lutheran oratory.
6. The villages of Schonwalde, Herzogfwalde and Great-Belmfdorf belonging
to Henrichau abbey.
e. The Principality of TRylCHENBERG.
'T^^HE princip-ality of Trachenberg or Draehenberg is beft delineated in
"*-
the map of the principality of Oels. 'lo the weft it borders en the
principality of Wolau, fouthward on the Trebnitz circle in the principality
of Oeh, eaftward ioins the free Sfandeßjerrfcbaft o'iMiU'feh, with the 71///';-
derherrjchajt of Sulau, and northward term:nates on Poland. Its foil,
though fomewhat fanny, yet produces in plenty all kinds of grain, belides
which it breeds good cattle and abounds in timber. Of the meres here
ibme are of fuch vaft extent as to refemble lakes. Throuoh the middle
of the principality runs the Bartfch, which before it enters the princ:paiity
of Wolau is divided into two branches. This country originally formed
a part of the principality of Oeh, but afterwards as a free Standeßierrfchajt
was held by the Barons Kurzbach, the firft of whom was 'John lord of
Trachenberg and Militf.h, who lived about the year 1480. This familyfailing
in the perlon of Henry III. the Standeß.xrrjchajt of ^rachaiberg,
whether by inheritance or purchafe we are not able to fay, came to the Barons
of Schajgotfch, who wer- poßeflcd of it in 1600. John Ulrich Baron SckaJgotfcb
dying in 1O35, the King's treafury for Siltßa lequeftrated this lordfcip.

.
5^4 SILESIA, [Car-olath.
lliip, whic'i in 1641 was by King Ferdinand III. conferred on Melchior
Couni Oi^ Hilfzjeld and Gleichen, and in 1648 confirmed to him. The widow
of Henry Count 0^ Hafzfeld in 1698 purchafed oi Briton Berlr^m of Nejelrode
the flicue of this lordlnip, which came to him in 1681 by right of his confort
Countcfs of HiUk-feld^ and confifted of the town oi Praufnitz with
thirteen villages. In 1741 King Frederick II. created Francis Philip Adrian
Count of Flatzfeld and Gleichen a Prince, ereding his lordfliip of Tracbeiiherg
into a principality; and in 1748 the Emperor Frtf;?m raifed him
to the dignity of a Prince of the Empire. The proprietor of this principality
is ftiled Prince of Trachcnberg and Praufnitz in Sileßa, and bears
in his arms the black eagle of Silefia, with the crefcent argent on its bread.
He has alfo his particular regency. In other refpedls the principality is
under the royal Obercuntfregierting and the war and domain chamber at
Glogo.u. In 1759 it fuffered extreamly from the /?7

Wartenberg.] SILESIA,
^8^
4me Emperor in 1700 alfo created the afore-mentioiied Ham Geof^'e öi
Schoneich a Count of the Empire, and in 1741 his Ton Hans Charles Count
of Schoneich was by King Frederick II. raifed to the dignity of Prince of
Carolath, and his lordfliip ereded into a principality; and himft-lf in 1742
nominated perpetual chief jullitiary in the dutchy of Silefia.
The arms of the Prince of Cöro/^//j, who likewife fliles himfelf Prince
of the holy Roman Empire, Count of Schoneich (or according to the ufual
manner of writing it Schonaich) Baron of Beuthen, &c. are quarterJy an
efcuteheon, the firft and fourth quarters of which are topaz, a crowned
eagle in a flying pofture diamond j the fecond and third ruby a fierce
lion courant, with a double tail ereft, and in the right holding a drawn
fword topaz, ready for fighting. The efcuteheon is a crown or chaplet of
four oak leaves ornamented with eight ribbons wavey, ruby and topaz,
and the whole furmounted with a Prince's cap of State. At Carolath is the
Prince's court of regency, and at Beuthen an aulic chamber and town
court. The principality, however, is under the royal Oberamtfregierung
and war and domain chamber at Glogau. Within it is
1. Carolath, otherwife called CörtoZ), a refidentiary palace of the Prince's
fituated on an »eminence near the Oder. In the little town below it is a
Lutheran oratory.
2. Beuthen, or Lower- Beuthen, in Latin Bythonta and Bethania, a town
alfo fituated on the Oder, with a popifli church and a Lutheran oratory.
In this place was once a caftle, which is at prefent fallen to ruins. In
the year 1609 Baron George of Scho?ieich founded a Gymnafium here, but
it is no longer in being.
3. The following farms, villages and places belonging to the Prince, viz.
Amalienhof, Aufhält, Old and New-Bilave, Eich, Old and Neiv-Grochwitz
having a Lutheran oratory. Hohenborau, Hammervorwerk , Korhberg^
Landskrone, Lippen, Rei^iberg, Rofenthal, Schoneich^ Polnifch 'Larnau, near
which flands the farm of 'Tame, and Verfail.
3. ThxQQ {xcQ Standeßjerrjchaften : namely
ä. The free Standefherrfchaftoflf^JRTENBERG,
§. I. 'npHE befl view of this lordfliip is to be had in the map of the
-*•
principality of Oels. It is furrounded by the Bernjladt a;:d Oels
circles in the principality of Oels, by the Namßau circle in the principality
of Breßau, by the free Standefkerrjchaft of Gojchutz^ and by Feland;
being in its greatefl length five geographical miles, and in its greatefl
breadth upwards of three. It is alfo the largeft in Loiacr-Silefia, and in
i:ank tlie firfl Standeßierrfchaft in the whole dutchy thereof.
§. 2. The river Weyda^ which has its fource in thisdil^rid: in the village of
Vol. VI. 4F Drofivitz,

ße SILESIA. [Wartenberg.
Drotwitz, is tlie only river in the whole country. It contains however
two towns, with fifty-three eftates and villages. Liitheranijm v/as introduced
here in 1552, and exclufivc of thole in the two towns, the number
of Lutheran churches in the country amounted to no lefs than thirteen,
which were under the infpetftion of the fuperintendent of Wartenberg.
By much the greater part alfo of the nobility were Lutherans, but in 1654,
that fe£l was deprived of all its churches here.
§. 3. Wartmberg, anciently belonged to the principality of G/s^^i«, afterwards
to that of Oi?/r, (fee above in the hiftory of the principality.) Duke
Conrad VII. or the t^ife, in records of 1485 and 1488 is ftiled Duke of
Oeh, TFolau^ JVartenberg, 6cC. in Sileßa. In 1490 the laft of thefe countries
was feparated from this principality, and firfl held as a lordfiiip by
the Hdugwiiz family, and next by thofe of Rofenthal and Platen. In
1530 Joachim II. Baron of Malzan acquiring it by purchafe, left it to his
elder Ion Bernhard, during whofe minority, his mother and guardian, with
the Emperor's confent, fold it at two feveral times to George of Braun and
Ottendorf, the fale of the latter half of which was in 1571. His fon George
William of Braun difpofed of it in 1589 io Abraham burggrave of Dohna,
the' firfl popilh Baron and a violent perfecutor of the Lutherans. In the
year 1600 this Prince ereded it into a jus primoge7iiturce ^.nd ßdei comtnijjum
ferpetiiuin familit^, which eflablifhment in 1606 he fet forth more explicitly,
and in 16 13 added a will to it as a further explanation. On the extinction
of the line of Dohna, as burggraves of Silcfm, in 171 1, this free
Standeßjerrfcbaft was in 17 13 by a decree of the high court of juftice adjudged
to the PruJJian line, and in 17 19 was ratified by a like decree of
the Emperors. In 1734 the burggrave Chrißopher Albert fold it for eight
tons of gold, according to fome accounts, but according to others for
450000 rixdollars, to John Ernejl Count of Biron, and afterwards Duke
of Courland, who in 1735 did the ufual homage at Vienna by proxy.
This Prince, however, dying in 1740, Anne Emprefs of RuJJia granted
xhtlotdCDix^ to Burcbard Chrißopher, Count of Munnich and field marfhal.
By him the adminiftration of it was conferred on his fon-in-law Frederick
Lewis Count of Sohns and Wildcnfels, who arrived at Warfenberg on the
twentieth of January 1741 ; but being the fame year, fent to Drejden
in quality of envoy from Rußia, his father Count Henry William was
appointed temporary adminiftrator in his ftead, and died here. Count
Mu?jnich alio towards the end of the year 1741 being fent into exile, in
1742 by order of the King of Prußa the war and domain chambers at
Brejiau fequellrated the lordfhip, which in 1743 they farmed to an Oberamtmann
or prefedl. It is probable however that on proper application the
heirs of the Count will obtain
the reftitution of it.
§. 4. The proprietor of this country ftyles himfelf free Standeß:errn or
State Lord in Sileßa, and hereditary lord of the free Standeß:err[chaft of
Wartenberg and Bralin. §. 5, With

Milltfch.] SILESIA. 587
§. 5. With refpedl to its produce Abraham burggrave oi Dchna, in the
explanation of this his Fidciccmmijfum drawn up in 1606, fays, that the
yearly furplus of Wartcnbcrg, Braliji and Gofclmtz, after all neceflary outgoings
ought to amount to between 22 or 24000 rixdollars; and in his will of
1 61 3, afferts that after the purchafe ot Gofchutz, by means of his improvements
therein, the revenues of the loidfliip received an increafe of 10,000
rixdoUars per annum. But, lince that time Gofchatz has been again difmembred
from it.
§. 6. It is under the King's Obcramtfregierung, and war and domain
chamber at Breßau ; and its principal places are
1. Wartenberg, or Polnifch Wartenberg, anciently called Szycbow, the
capital, lying in a plcafant valley, and containing little more than two hundred
and fifty houfes. Formerly, however, it was much larger, but a fire
Jaappening here in 1444, by it five hundred and eighty were dcftroyed.
Afterwards this circuit was contracted, and the town environed with a
rampart, wall and moat. The manfion-houfe of its lord, v.'hich was finifhed
in 1736, lies within thefe walls and at prefent is the rtfidence of the King's
Oberarntmann or prefedt. Erneß 'John Count oi Biron, having in 1734 obtained
licence from the Emperor Charles VI. to build a Lutheran dc>i)ieftic
chapel here, Jie ereded it in his own palace. In 1736 this chapel was
conlecrated, and in 1740 by Frederick II. King oi Prujjia coDferrt-d an the
refidence church. Divine fervice Is performed in the Polnifch and German.
The town church is in the hands of the papifts. In 1743 the Cahini/ls
obtained leave to eredt a meeting-houfe here. Befides the above-meijtioned
fire, this town was nearly burnt down in 1554, ]6i6 and 1637, ard in
1742 it loft eighty-four dwelling houfes. To it belong the edates o^ Wioß:e
or Pawelke, and Grunhof, with the village o^ Little-Kojel.
2. Bralin, an open little town, having a manfion-houfe and church belonging
to the papifts.
3.
Fridericbßabor, fituated not far from Wartenberg and Zißa, two villages,
founded by communities of Bohemian Cahini/is, whole defcendants
ftiil occupy them.
4. Mechau, MerzdcrJ, Dißehvitz, Mangfchutz, Schernin, T'remhatjchan,
Neildorf, 'Turkivitz, Cojel, Schlaupe and Schleuß; all demelnes and villages.
5. Droltivitz, Schonwald, Stein, GirnfdorJ, DalberfdorJ, Langendorf, Schollendorf,
Upper and Lower- Siradum, &c.
b. The free Standeßjerrfchaft of AIILITSCH,
§. I. 'n'^ H I S lordfhip is beft feen in the map of the principality of Oeh,
* between which, Poland, and the principality ol 'fracbenberg it lies.
It was formerly of much greater extent then at prefent, having by partitions
4 F 2 and

588 SILESIA. [Mllitfch.
and Tales been divided into four feparate lordfliips. Its large and fine forefts
furnidi employment for a great number of pitch
houfes.
§. 2. Anciently this lordfhip belonged to the Dukes of Breßau and Lignitz,
till the year 1293 when Henry V. or Fcit^ being taken prifoner by
Conrad Duke of Glogau, furnamed the Severe, agreeably to which he treated
him, was induced thereby to purchafe his enlargement by the cefTion of the
territory o^ Mllitfch and other lands. In 13 12 the fons oi Henry III. grandfon
to Duke Conrad, making a partition of their territories, Mllitfch fell to
Conrad I. Duke of Oels, who accordingly retained the fame ; but together
with his other lands, in 1329 made a cefTion of it to the crown of Bohemia
as a fief. Soon after it came to the bishopric of BreJIaa, from which it was
taken in 1337 by John King of Bohemia, but reftored in 1342, and in 1358
the See fold Mllitfch to Conrad I. Duke of Oeh, in whofe defcendants it
continued till their extindion in 1492, when it efcheated to the crown of
Bchemla. In 1494 it was conferred on Sigmund Baron of Kurzbach as a fief,
and in 1514 made hereditary to him. From the Kurzbach family in 1590,
it paffed to Joachim III. Baron of Malzan on the Wartenberg, whofe mother
Anna was by virtue of his fpoufe Eva of Lobkoiviiz, daughter to Henry
Baron of Kurzbach. But in 1595 the lordfhip of Sulau was feparated from
Mllitfch and fold to the burggrave Otho Dohna. He dying in 1625 his
eldeft fon Joachim IV. agreeably to the right of primogeniturefhip which
had been eftablifhed in the family, and received the Emperor's fandion,
fucceeded to the free Standejherrfcbajt of Mllitfch as taken in its prefent
extent. The fecond fon John Bernhard obtained the lordfhip of Neufchlofz
which had been feparated from it, and to William the third devolved the
lordfhip of Freyhan, which had alfo been detached from Milltjch. The
Barons Joachim William, and Nlklas Andreas, were by the Emperor Leopold
created Counts of the empire. The firft of thefe aflumed the regency of
the free Sta?ideßerrfchaft of Mllitfch, but dying in 1722 without iiTue, left
it by will to Joachim Andreas Count of Malzan, his brother's youngeft fon,
whom the Emperor as King of Bohemia, accordingly confirmed in the poffeffion
of it.
§. 3. The title of the proprietor of the free Sta?2deßerrfchaft is Count of
the holy Roman empire, and of Malzan, Baron of Wartenberg and Penzlln,
free Standeßerr in Sllejla,
hereditary lord of the free Standeßxrrfchaft of Ml-
lord of Mllitfch, Freyhan, Great-Peterwltz, Plnxen and Proßowa, &c.
litfch,
He has alfo his court of regency, and college of judicature here; but the
country in other refpeds is under the King's Oberamtfreglerung, and the
war and domain chambers of Breßau.
§. 4. The moft remarkable places here, are
I. Mllitfch, in Latin Mlllclum^ a town feated on the Bartfch, and containing
a refidentiary palace, with a popiOi parochial-church, and another
of Lutherans, as alfo a Lutheran fchool, the eftablifliment of which was
obtained

Neufchlofz.] SILESIA, 589
obtained in 1709 by a free gift of 15000 florins. In j6i6 the town wns
greatly damaged by fire. Belonging to it is a Pd'ißi and German fuburb,
in the latter of which is
alfo a demefne of the Count's.
2. Birnbaiimel, Cüßwa, Grabownice, Podafcke, Schlabofckivitz, Schiventrofchin,
Stcffitz and Wchlige, all demefnes of the Count's.
3. Great-Nezunkowa, and Rackeljdorf, with Camelawe, Etrebitzko, XJpper-
JVoidnickowa, &c. all eftates and villages.
c. The free Standeßoerrfchafi of GOSCHUTZ.
'TpHIS lordfhlp is beft feen in the map of the principality of Ot'A, by
-*•
which it is on all fides furrounded. We have already noticed that
formerly it belonged to the lordfliip of JVartctiherg, and on the devolution
of that lordfliip to the prefent Counts of Reichenbach, ftill continued a free
Minderherrjchaft, or inferior lordp.^ip, but in 1741 was by King Frederick II.
raifed to a free Standelherrfchaft. Its proprietor is ftyled Count of Reichenbach,
free Standeß^err in Sileßa, and hereditary lord of the free Sfatideßjerrfchaft
oi Gofckitz, Feßenberg, the lordfhip of Bodjamwiiz, &c. He has his
particular regency ; but the lordfhip is likewife under the royal Oberatntßregierung,
and war and domain chambers at Breßau. The places moft worthy
notice in it are,
1. Gofchntz, an open little tov/n having a feat, in which is a chapel, and
containing besides a popifh church, and a Lutheran oratory.
2. Feßenberg, another open little town having a feat, with a Lutheran
church and fchool. Formerly this town belonged to the principality of Oels,
Duke Sylvius purchafing it in 1676 of the Kokritz family.
3. The village of Old-Feßenberg, with many others.
4. Three free Minderherrfchaften.
a. The free Mmderherrjchaft of NEU SC HL SZ.
'"T^HE greateft part of this diftridl is environed by the free Standeß:err-
-*
fchaft of Militfch, to which it once belonged, till efcheating to ^ohn
Bernhard Baron of Malzan, as a particular lordfhip, his grandfon Augußiis
Eberhard in 1717 fold it to the Counts oi Reichejtbach. In 1759 the RuJJian
light troops committed ail manner of outrages here. It contains
1. Neujchlojz, a feat and village fituated on the New-Mere.
2. Wirfchlioivitz, a demefne.
3. The villages of Hc2OTz«^r, Godenove, Duchove, Tfchotzwitz, Heinrichßdorf,
Czerngafchutz, Wirfchkow^ and other villages.
b. The

590 SILESIA. [Sulau.
b. 7he free Minderherrfchaft of FRETNA N^
ONCE
alio conftituting a part of the Standerherrfchaft o^ Militfch, till
feparated therefrom as the inheritance afTigned to William Baron of
Malzan, which in 1667 defcended to his fon of the fame name. But he
dying in 1691 without idue, it continued veiled in his widow Reanata
Beata^ Baronefs of Novngk, with whom it came to her fecond hufband
Erajmus Ulrich Count of Geiß and Hagen, who on her deceafe fucceeded
to it, and at his death left it to his fecond wife Hedwiga Cbrijliana of
the Amejloe family and Baronefs of Tappe. This lady marrying a fecond
time to Gerard IVilliam Count Strattmann brought him the lordfliip. At
prefent it is again in the pofieflion of the Counts of Malzan^ who are likewife
free Standißerr?i of Milifjch. In 1759
ravages of the Rußan light troops. Within it is
it fuffered extremely by the
1. Freykan, an open little place having a feat, and lying not far from
the borders of Poland.
2. Kofckwitz, Ujaß, Kallefide, Bartnig, and fome other villages.
c. ^he free Minderherrfchaft of S ULA U.
'HIS lordfliip likewife once formed a part of the Standerherrfchaft oi
Militfch, but in 1595 was purchafed by the burggrave Otho Dohna,
from vvhofe family it came to the Barons Malzan, and from them again
palled to the Barons Burghanfz, who have fince been raifed to the dignity
of Counts. In 1759
by the Ruffian light troops. Within it is
it underwent the general calamity of being laid warte
I. Siilau or Zulauf, an open little town, having a feat and a Lutheran
oratory. In the year 1751 this place was almoft totally deftroyed by fire.
2. Mißaivitx, Neudorf, Schlanz, IVaiigrinova and other villages.
1. Two immediate principalities.
B. Of the greater part of Upper-Silefia, containing
a. T'he Principality of O P P ELN.
§. 1. 'T^HE principality of O/'/'f/;/, to the wtft borders on the principalities
^ o^ Neyfze and Brieg ; northward on certain parts of the principalities
oi Bre/Iau, Oels and Brieg, and likewife on Pc/tfW, eaftward alfo joins
Pc/ifzW and the free Standerherrfchaft o^ Beiithen,%u6 fouthward the principalities
of Ralihor, fagerndorf and Troppau, with a diftridl in Moravia. It
h the largefi: of all the principalities in Silefia,
§. 2. Its

:
Oppeln.] SILESIA. 591
§. 2. Its foil is in many places Tandy, befides which here are fcveral
large heaths and forefts, but yet it is not fo bad a country, as many imagine
and reprefent it to be. For good manr.gers find their account here
in tillage, the breeding of (heep and the culture of woad ;
and in the fale
and purchafe of lands they are always fuppofed to gain fix per cent,
tliough, in fome years fkilful landholders make even ten or twelve.
Great quantities of
the laft of thefe commodities are carried up the Oder to
Breßau. Fifli and game arc very fcarce in the cities, the realen of which
may be, that the popifli days of abftinence confume a great deal of the
former, and for the latter it is engrofled by the (everal lords of the country.
The Oder, which comes fiom the principality oi Ratibor, traverfes no Imall
part of this country, and in it receives many lelTcr ftreams, fuch as the
Khdfjitz, the Frudnitz, and the Malpana, after which, on the confines
of the principality of Bricg, it is joined by the Neyfze. There are alio
feveral lakes and meres here, the largeft of which is that in the Oppeln
circle, about three quarters of a geographical mile from the town of tlie
fame name.
§. 3. In the whole circle are twenty-fix boroughs and one market-town.
Its villages however are mean, and the greatcft part of the inhabitants are
Poles, excepting in the circles of Falkejiberg and Neujiadt, where in many
places the people are Gerj7ian, or the defcendents of Germans. In fome
diftridts alfo, and thofe of no fmall extent, not a fingle village is to be feen.
§. 4. On the partition of Upper- Sileßa between the fons of Duke Ladißaiis,
the principality of O/^f/A; fell to Bokßaus I, whofe fons BoleßausW.
Boleßaus III. and Albert in 1313 divided it, and in 1327 fubmitted to become
feoffes of the crown of Bohemia. The grandfons of Boleßaus III.
by his fon Boleßaus IV. arrived to the poffellion of the whole country
but the only one among them, who left iflue, was the eldeft named
Boleßaus V, whofe grandfon Duke 'John was however the laft of the
Piaßer Dukes of Oppeln. This 'John in 1516 had fucceeded to the
principality of Ratibor, and united it with that of Oppeln, but in 1532
dying without heirs. King Ferdinand I. immediately took poffefiion of
both principalities, which foon after, namely in 1550 and 1598 were
mortgaged to George Marquifs of Brandenburg, and in 1621 exchanged
for T!ranfylvania. In 1645 they were alienated hyWladißaus IV. King of
Poland, but in 1664 finally and abfolutely reannexed to the crown oi Bohemia.
§. 5. The whole principality is under the King's Obera?ntjregierung at
Brieg, and the war and domain chamber at Breßau.
§. 6. It confifts of twelve circles or Weichbilds, wliich are
I. The circle of Oppeln, containing
1 . Oppeln, in Polißi Oppolie, and in Latin Oppolia -jr Oppolium, the circle
town and the capital of the principality, lying on tl e Oder, over which it
has a bridge. The old palace here, which is feparated from the town
by

592 SILESIA. [Oppcln.
by a branch of the Oder, was deftroyed by fire in ly^^J. In this town is
a biHiop's court, with a parifli-church, a collegiate abbey dedicated to the
Holy-Crcß, a ycfuits college, and a DomtJiican and Francifcan convent. In
1744. the King created liere an Ohcramtfregierung for Upper-^iL'ßa, to
which is annexed a conrtftory, but in 1756 this was removed to Brieg. In
1260 the town itfelf was deftroyed by the Tartan. In 1501 it was totally
confumed by fire, in 1605 a great part of it, in 1682 about one half,
and in 1684 almoft the whole. In 1689 fome other confiderable damages
were done here by the like calamity, and in 1739 it fuffered ftill
more. In 1741 it was taken by the Prußans,
2. The royal Kammeramt at Oppelii.
3. Schurgaß, an open little town, fituated on the Neyfze, and belonging
to Count Bees.
4 Proskau or Prufzka, another open little town containing a popifli
parochial-church. This place gives title to Count Proskau or Proskowßy,
to whom it
alfo belongs.
5. Krappitz, mthe Poli/Jj RrzapkoiuitZyS. little walled town,feated on the
Oder, over which it has a bridge. That river is here joined by the Prudnitz.
The place itfelf is a lordfliip of Count Rcder, and in it is a popiüi church.
6. Nackel or Naklo, by all the geographers of Silefia called a walled
town, though in the maps marked only as a village.
7. Czarnowa7is a pramonßratenßan nunnery fituated on the Malpana,
which below it difcharges itfelf into the Oder. The abbot of this place is
mitred. It was originally founded at Ribftitz, and from thence removed
hither in 1236.
8. Skodny, in the maps called Schodnia, alfo on the Malpana, and
having a royal foundery for carting bombs, fuch of which as have any defedts
in them, are converted into plough /hares and other inftruments.
9. Schonwitz, Dcmezko, Polnffch- Neudorf, &c. all eftates belonging to
noblemen.
II. The Pofenberg circle, containing
1. Roßnberg, in the Polißj called Olefno, though fmall yet the circle
town. This place is walled, and has a feat, and at its parifh-church,
which is dedicated to St. Michael, is a convent of regular Augußines, the
head of which is a mitred abbot. In 1578 the town was confumed by fire.
To it belong the eftates of lV(icho'witz and Wyffoka.
2. Landsberg, in the Poliß.^ Gorzow, an open little town fituated on the
borders of Poland, and containing a popifli parochial-church.
3. Old-Rojenberg, Bifdorf, Bodland, Bodzanoiaitz, having a frontier
cuilom-houfe, Kobylno, Krzizanzowitz, Great and Little-Lajhwitz, Lom-
7Ütz, Radau, Seichivitz 3ind Ufchitz, all eftates and villages belonging to nobles.
Ill The Lublinttz circle, in which is
I. LublinitZf otherwife called Lublertiez, and in the Polißj Lubenski,
open

Oppcln.] S I L E S I yl.
open but yet the circle town, and belonging to Baron Kochtitz, At this
place is a popifli parochial-church, with a leat.
2. Gutentag^ in the Pohß: Dohrodcin, an open little town, having a
church, which is pofl'efled by the papifls. The proprietor of this town
is Baron Blujikowsky^ to whom likewil'e belongs the neighbouring village
of Ellgot.
3. Wo/chnick in the Tolißj called Wozniczky, an open little town, having
a popifli church. This place ftands at no great diftance from the border«
of Poland.
4. Wienby, Sodoiüt Dralin, Dzielna, eftates belonging to noblemen.
IV. The circle of Guat-Sirelitz.
1. Great-Sirelitz, in the Poli/h called Weilko Strzekze, and in Latin
Strelicia major, the circle town, fmali and walled, and containing a feat
with a popifh church. This place belongs to Count Colonna von Feh. In
1759 the greateft part of it was deftroyed by fire, but the feat and church
efcaped untouched. Near it alfo in 174
J the Hungarian infurgents icceived
a check from the PruJJiaus.
2. Lefztiitz or Lefchnitz, an open little town alfo belonging to Count
Colonna von Feh. In this town is a popilh church, and near it lies the
St. Annabcrg, on which have been ere

594. SILESIA. [Opp^In»
T. GJikvUz, in the Polißi) Gliivice^ the circle town, fmall but walled,
and befides its church, having a fuburb with a Fraud/can monaftery.
This town is hlcewife proprietor of the farms in the fcveral villages of
Tryneck, Ricbterjdorf, Peterfdorf üud Gardel.
2. Pilchowitz^ an open town containing a popidi church.
'7,. Old-Gleihitz, Stropendorf, Schofiioaldy Wiltfch^ and other villages.
VII. The ^cblüive72htz circle, alfo incorporated with Tojlcr^ and comprehending
1. Sehlaifentitz, a market-town having a feat.
2. Sofziiitzoivitz or Sajzinkcwitz, an open little town containing a
popifli church.
3. Great and Little- Schirakowitz, Rachowitz and Brzezinek, all villages,
in the two laft of which are feats, &c.
VIII. The circle of Co/?/, containing
1. Cofel ox Kojel, in the Poliß.-' called Kozk, the circle town, fmall and
lying not far from the Oder. King Frederick II. caufed this place to be
ftrongly fortified. In the town is a governor and commandant, with x
palace, a popiOi church and a convent of Minorites. Formerly in conjunction
within its territory it bore the title of a principality. The palace with
its appurtenances, was by the Emperor CharlesWl. conferred on Prince
Mev/chikcno, but on that Prince's difgrace, reaflumed and given to Count
Pletienberg, who ftill poffeffes it. Under its jurifdidion are Reinjchdorf^
Kutjchnitzke and Dittfnorau, farms. In 1745 the Hungariam took the
town by florm, but the Prußans foon wreftcd it again from them. la
1758 it was for a long time blockaded by the Außriam.
2. Czißowa, Dembowa, Kamionky, Klodnitz, Lenky, Menchiitz, NeJfelwitZy
Pobrißhau, ReivfcbdorJ and JVeickfchutZy all villages belonging to Count
Plettenberg.
3. Potzenharby Pittkaii and the firft part of Len[fetz, which belongs
to Count Flcnhl ; the fecond part of this laft mentioned place being the
property of Count Track.
4. The following villages appertaining to Count Gaßchin, viz. Blazejov.ntz,
Czißhck, Dziergowitz, Gnieivof, yaboroivitz, Lobny, Millowitz, Polnifcb-
Neukirch, Niefznajcbin, Oflrojzni-tz, Podlefch, PrzeSorowitz, Rojcboivitz,
Sakrau, Stikoivitz and IFarmettthal.
5. Czienßbkcwitz, Dziclauy, Grffenzin, Lanietz and V/itoßawitz.
6. Roßenthai, a village belonging to the chapter of the cathedra! at
Breßau.
JX. The circle of Upper-Glogau, which is united with thofe of Neußadt
and Ziilz, contains under it
I. Upper or Little-Glogau, the circle town, fmall and v^alled ; and fo
named by way of diftindion from Great-Glogau a town in Loiver-ßilefm.
At this place is a palace with a collegiate foundation and a convent of
Minorites. It belongs to the Counts Oßperfdorf, Not far from it is a convent
of Paulines. 2. Littk

Ratibor.]
SILESIA.
2. Little-StrcUtz, an open and fmall town, having a {iqpifh church and belonging
to Count Proskau Proikoivsky.
3, Friderfdorf, Schweßcrioitz and GhJ'cn, with other eftatcs and villages
belonging to noblemen.
X. The Neußadt circle, to which are annexed the circles of Uppers
Glogau and Zulze.
1. Neußadt or königliche Neußadt, in the Poliß:i called Prudnik, the
circle town, lies on the river Prudnifz, being walled and containing a
popiüi church, with a capuchin convent, and a Lutheran oratory, the minifter
of which is alfo infpedor of the Lutheran oratories in Upper-Sileßa. Besides
thefe it has an old palace called WagendruJJel, with two fuburbs
named the Upper and Lower. Next to Oppeln this is the bell town in the
whole principality. In 1474 it was deftroyed by fire j and in 1749 fome
fmart fkirmifhes happened in its neighbourhood between the Prußam and
the Hungarian infurgents.
To Neußadt alfo belong the farms o^Fogtey, Kozem, Zelfeliüitz^ Schweimdorf
and Riegerjdorf, with the villages of Ditterjdorf, Krojchendorj and
JLichhaufel,
2. Dittnanfdorf and Langebrucke, two large church-villages, the lattcf
of which appertains to Count Mcttich.
XI. The Ztt/z circle, which is united with that of Neußadt and contains
1. Zuh or Zulch, in the Poliß: Biala, and by fome in Latin called
Cilicia, the circle town, fmall and walled, but having a popifli church, with
many yews among its inhabitants. The lordfhip of Zuiz formerly belonged
to the Counts of Proskau, but, in 1 747 was fold by the Oberamtfregierung
of Oppeln, for the fum of z^jjbz guilders.
2. ^Itßadt, with Great and Little-Prambfen, Scbmietz, and other villages.'
XII. The Falkenberg circle, comprehending
1 . Falkenberg, in the Polißj NiemodUn, and in Latin Falcomontiunit
the circle town, fituated on the Steina. This place is fmall but walled,
and contains a feat with a popifli church and a Lutheran oratory. It belongs
to Count Tjierotin, and has fuftered by three great fires, the laft of
which happened in 1751.
2. Friedland, in the Polißi Ferland, an open little place lying on th$
^teina, and belonging to Count Mettich.
3. Steihau, in the Poliß Stzynawa, another fmall and open place fituateiji
on the Steina, and containing a popilh church.
595
b. Tie Principality of RAT' I BOR.
§. I. ^~r^II E principality oi Ratibor or Raftibor, to the northward termi>-
•^ nates on the principality of O/^/»^'//;, weftward on thofe of TVo/'/'/jtt
and Jagerndorf, fouthward on the free Minderhcrrfchajts of Oderbcrg and
4 G 2 Loßlau^

590 SILESIA. [Ratibot.
Lofzlau, with the free Standerbcrrfchnßs of Plcfz, which lafl alfo form
its eaftern boundary. It is the fmaliell of all the immediate principalities
in
Silejia,
§. 2. Its foil however is hetter than that in the principality of Oppeln, as
producing a iufhciency of wheat, rye and barley, with fruits ; befides which
here are alfo good pafture grounds. The Oder runs through the weflcrn
quarter of it, and is the only river in the whole country. It is abundantly
watered however in all parts with ftreams, ponds and lakes.
§. 3. It contains only three cities, and the inhabitants are univerfally PoUjl.
§. 4. In 1163 at tlie partition made between the fons of Wiadißaus W.
Miec'iJJain obtained Tcfcheii, Oppeln and Ratibor and at a fubfequent partition
made in }2SS among his great grandfons Ratibor was given to Przemißaui
the younger brother. To him fucceeded his fon Lefco, viho became a
ieoftee of the crown of Bohemia. On his deceafe, the principality of
Ratibor devolved to Nicolas II. Duke of Troppau, who had married his
daughter Aime, and after him their eldeft fon John. The latter was fucceeded
by his fon John II. who had for fucceffor his fon Nicolas Wincrjlaus
V. whcfe grandfon dying without heirs, Ratibor efcheated to thei
Pukes oi Oppeln, and has ever fince fliared the fate of the principality of
the fame name having been continually annexed to it.
§. 5. This country is under the royal Oberamtfregierung at Brieg, and
the war and domain chambers at Breßau.
§. 6. It is fo fmall however as to form only one circle, the places ia
which mnrt; worthy of notice are,
1. Ratibor or Rattihor, the capital of the principality, lying on the Oder^
which here becomes navigable and has a bridge over it. The palace,
with the church of St. John ftand on the oppofite lide of the river. Here
is alfo a parilli-church with a collegiate foundation, and a canonry ofthe holy
erofs, a nunnery called the y^/'tr'sof the//ö/>' Ghoß^z Dominican and Francifcan
convent, and a biHiop's commilTorial court. In 1 574
it was entirely
demoliilied by fire, and in 1637 a great part deftroyed by the like calamity.
In 1745 the Prußam took it by ftorm from the P2u??garians, who
on that occalion lofl: a great number of men.
To the town treafury belong the eftates of Studetma, Brzezie, T)ybo-w
and Planie, in the maps called Bidoia and Planna, with the farms therein.
2. Sorau, in the Pcliß ftiled Zyory, a little walled town having a
popilli church.
3. Ribnik, an open liitle town containing an old caftle.
4. Raitden, a Cißercian foundation under a mitred abbot. This place
was founded in 1253 by Duke Wladßaus, and in 1258 had its grant ratified
by a folemn inftrument.
5. Lefchin, Liß'ek, OJlrog, Paw/uii and Schwirl:/an, all church villages
havuig noblemens feats.
6. Belek,

.
Leobfchutz.]
SILESIA.
6. Bekk, Czernitz, Grent-Dubinsko, Kr-zizanowitz, Palowitz^ Radofcbau,
Rudiick or Rudnik, Smohia, Siidol, T^iüorkau, all villages vvith eftates
and feats belongin-T to noblemen.
7. The fbllüwing-cburcb villages, w;:;. BenkoitHtz, Gammou, y-ankonitz,
yanowitZf vvith two named Polnifj-Kraicani, Luboi'n, Luboivitz, Markowitz,
Pogrzchicti-, Pßro}ipw, Radziow, Rogau, Slaivikau, Sta>jiiz, Syrin^
and fVoinoivitz.
597
2. The principalities of T'lOppati and yagcrndorf^ on this fide the Ot>pa,
with the diflndl of Kcijcber, all comprifed under the title ot
7he Circle of LEGES CHU TZ,
§. I. 'TpHE principality of yagerndorf lies amidft that of Troppmi, and
•*'
as the one divides the other, the limits of each in particular cannot
be precifely determined. Both however are environed by the principalities
of Ncy/ze, Oppeln, Ratihor and Tcfchen, with the free Minderberrjchafts oF
Freudentbal, Lofzlau and Oderberg, and by Moravia. Among them alfolies
the diflricl of Kntfcber, which formerly belonged to Moravia,
§. 2. The principality of T'roppati, in Latin Principatus Oppoviefijis, is
both a good corn and pafture country, abounds in fruit, and contains ten
cities, with one town. The principality of yagenidorfy in Latin Principatus
Carmvienjii boart:s alfo a fertile foil, with isnany mineral fpiings.
The larch trees which are very common in this country yield a greac
deal of turpentine, befides which the very gutters OO' the roofs of the
houfes are made of them. To it belong five towns. The faid principalities
are watered by the Oppa, which is further increafed by the Mora. The
latter of thefe rivers rifes in the free Minderbcrrjchaft of the Frcudeiithal,.
and difcharges itfelf in the Odr.
§. 3. The principality of ^rcppati,. once formed a part oi Moravia, and
with that marquifate came to Bobemia. King Przetny/J Oltccar II. treded ic
into a principality, and in 1254 fetded it on his own natural fon named
Nicolas, whofe fon NicolaS' II.
fucceeded him, and with his wifeyfw/^ a Prin-'
cefs of i?ö///^w obtained the principality of that name. Troppau was offered
by him to the crown of Bohemia as a fief. By the partition made between his
fons, y^tethe elded became pofTefled of the whole principality of Rati/wr,
while that of 'troppau was divided among the three other brothers Nicolas^
Winceßaus zr\di Przemißaus, till the two former dying without iflue, the whole
became united in Przemißaus, who left behind him five fons named li'ineeßaiis,
Nicolas-, William, Lrnejl and Przemißaus, of whom ovA-^Winceßaus and
William bad children, and fo early as the year 1480 the whole family became
extiniTL
George Podiehrad King oi Bobemia having purchafed the principality
oi'-prvppau from Dake Enirß, gave it 10 his eldeft Ion ViSlorinus, who in
H.75

59» SILESIA, [Lcobfcliiitz.
1475 exchanged it with King Matthias for fome lafids in Slavonia. This
Prmcc again conferred it en his illegitimate Ton named John Corvhi, who was
dilpüircßed of it by King Wladißaus, and by the latter it was fucceflively
conferred on his brothers "Jühn Albert and Sigijmimd, after whom it pafTed
for life to Caßmir Duke of 'Tcjcben, and on his deceafe in 1528 reverted to
the crown of Bohemia. In 1614 the Emperor Matthias made a grant of
it to Charles Prince of Lithtcnßein^ who, at firiT: held it only as a mortgage^
but the elder Lichtenßein line failing in 171 2 in his grandfon Prince Adam
Andrew, on that the principality of Troppau devolved to Prince Antony
Florian of the younger line.
§. 4. The principality of Jagerndorf v^i^ originally a part of the country
of Troppau, and was firfl: ereded into a diftindt principality in favour of
Duke Nicolas V. grandfon to John I. Duke of Troppau and Ratibor, who
took up his refidence at Jagerndorf. His daughter Barbara, after the
deceafe of her brothers John and Winceßaus, inherited the principality of
"Jagerndorf, but her firft hulband "John Duke of Tefchen dying, flie
married George Baron Schellenberg, to whom Hie brought the principality
of Jagerndorf', and in 1506 he was by King Wladißaus inverted with it
as a fief. In 1524 the Baron and his fons made an abfolute fale of it for
the fum of 58,900 Hungarian guilders, to George Marggrave oi Brandenburg,
who in 1523 had obtained King L^w/Vs licence for the purchafe.
To this Marggrave the principality owes the fii ft introdudion of Lutheranifm.
His fon and fucceffor George Frederick was inverted with the principality
both hy Ferdina?id I. and Maximilian II. but having no children, bequeathed
it, in 1595, to the Marggrave Joachim Frederick, ^herw^rds Eledor of
Brandenburg, who left it as an appenage to his fon John George, from
whom the lordHiips of Odcrberg and Beuthen, which ever fince the Marggrave
George's time had been annexed to Jagerndorf, were taken by a judicial
fentence. This Marggrave alfo afterwards approving himfelf a firm
adherent to Frederick V. whom the BobemiaJis had eleded for their King,
the Emperor Ferdinand U. put him under the ban, and in 1623 difpolferted
him of the principality of Jagerndorf, which was given to Prince Charles of
Lichtenjiein, and thus became conneded with Troppau. Frederick William
ElecTtor of Brandenburg in 1686 received fome equivalent or (atisfacSion for
his pretentions to Jagerndorf, but notwithftanding this in ij^o Frederick U.
King of Prußa thought proper to revive. his claim.
^. 5. At the peace of Berlin in 1742 Maria There fa Queen of Hungary
and Bohemia made a perpetual cefiion to King Frederick II. of the part of
the principalities of Troppau and Jagerndorf lying on this fide the Oppa^
together with the diftridl of Kaffcher formerly belonging to Moravia.
Ever fince that time the limits between the Prußian and Außrian portions
of thefe principalities extend along the river Oppa, as far as its influx into
the Oder, and again up the former to the town of Jagerndorf, from thence
to

,
'
Troppau.] SILESIA. 599
to 'Troppokoitz, and fo on along the eafl: fide of the lordfhip of Olhrjdorj
and a Mora^cian diftiid, in wiiich lies Hozenpkz and other places.
§. 6. The Prince of Lichtcnjiein, as proprietor of thefe principalities is
at prefent under two fovereigns. His title is N. N. Prince of the Holy
Roman Empire, and regent of the houfe of and at Licbtenjlcin, as alfo oi
Nikohberg, Duke of T/ cppau and Jagertuhrf in Silr/ia, Count of Rittberg,
&c. His arms are, i. Topaz a ducal eagle. 2. The ducal coat ot Saxofiy.
,
3. Party /'fv pale ruby and pearl, for Troppau. 4. Topaz an eaglet, crowned
pearl for Schcllaibirg. 5. Sapphire a fleed topaz, with handlet i of the farac
in a point fapphire. 6. An efcutcheon party />fryJj^6', topaz and ruby for
Uchtenßcin.
§. 7. The Prince both in the Pruffian and Bohemian parts of thefe
which con-
principalities appoints a L^indeßjaiiptmannfchaft or gowexnvctni,
fifts of a governor, two aiTefTors and a fecretary. All the advantages he
deceives from both principalities is the obedience and homage of the fubjecfts,
with the produce of his demefnes. The part under Pn/Jjia is fubjedl
to the OhramtJ'regieru?ig at Brieg, and the war and domain chambers
at Breßau ; and as has been already (liewn above, in conjundlion with the
diftridl oi Katfcher forms the Leohfchufz circle. This circle therefore now^
remains to be defcribed, and therein we precede
a. To 77je PRUSSIAN Part of the Princi^aUty of
TROPPAU^
To
which belong,
I. The following towns : namely,
i, HiUfchin, Huhjchin or Holfßhin, by the Bohcmiaits called- Hiccin',
a walled little town, containing a palace with a popilL church, and belonging
to Count Gianini. In 1745 the Hungarian infurgents received a
terrible defeat here from the PriiJJiaiis.
2. Bc?iefchau or Befiißhau, an open little place having a manfion houfeand
a popifh church. The proprietor of it is Baron Zuana. Formerly it
had a filver-mine in its neighbourhood, as appears from a patent granted»
in 1275 to the town of Troppati by Przemyfl Otiocar King of Bohemia.
3. Kranowitz-, an open little town having a popifii church.
4. Neukirch ov Deutßch-Neiikirchy another open little town with a popifI*^
Gburcb.
5. Tropplowitz^ alfo fmall and open, and containing a popifh church.
This place belongs to Count SeMinzky, who is likewife proprietor of the
neighbouring village of Gopperfdorß.
II. The following feats, ellates and villages belonging to noblemen r.
namely
1-. iiaßehä^

.
I
6cO SILESIA. [Jagcrndorf."
1
y^'fuiti
Baßche and Kophiu, two villages on the Odtr, the property of the
ot 'Troppau.
2. Hojlialko'vcit'z, a church village having a feat, and lying not far from
the influx of the Oppa into the Oder. This village, together with Peterßo-
•n'itz and Elb_ctb, Ijelong to Count Gianini.
3. LudgcrzoioitZy Hii'fch, Pijfcz^ Biißawitz, StiepafikoivltZy KoberzviiZy
and Scbrciberjdorj] all church-villages.
4. Sckillerfdorf, Boratin, Bolatitz and Oderfch, church-villages and feats.
5. D/rfchl, Nrj'zidcl and Pofznitz, villages having churches and feats.
6. Branitz, a feat and manor on the Oder, comprehending the village
of Upper and Lower-Branitz, and belonging to Baron Morataitzjky.
7. The church-villages of Wanowitz and Bladen, both containing feats,
with Sauerivitz, Bratjch, Mocker, Kreyfewitz, and Creutzendorf.
8. HondorJ, Babitz, Dittvierau, Schonborn, and Leyfnitz.
9. Grobnig or Greibnick, a church-village having a feat. One quarter of
a German mile alfo from Leobfcbutz is a commandery of the order of St.
yohn, the feat belonging to which, till towards the middle of the fixteenth
century was at Leobfcbutz.
b. Of the P RU S S I A N Part of the Principality of
JÄGERN DORF.
*~T*" O which belong,
-* I. The following towns : namely
1. Leobfcbutz or Lubfcbutz, a walled town, fituated in a fertile country,
and the capital of the circle to which it gives name. In this town is a
popifli church with a Francifcan convent. In 1603 a great part of it was
deftroyed by firej and in 1626, 1627, 1634, 1642, it fuffered extremely by
war.
To it belong the villages o( König[dorf &x\d Tranhou, with PUmfdorf,
2. Bauerwitz or Pauriintz, an open little town, having a popifh ^hurch.
The neighbourhood of this place is a rich corn country.
3. Tjauditz, an open little town, having a popifh church.
1. Kautbcn and Crawarn, with a church, and belonging to Baron Eichenhrf.
II. The following villages, 'viz.
2. Greaf-Hofchttz, a feat and church -village appertaining to Count Gajchin.-
3. Rofztiitz, Pultfch, Liptin, Xaucbivitz and Eyglau, all church-villages.
In the year 1745 a fmart encounter happened near the firfl; of thefe places,
between a body of Prifjiam and the Hungarian infurgents.
4. Weifjack or Wiffoka, a feat and village.
5. The church-villages ot Hennerwitz^ and Lcwitz, in t'le latter of which
is

Katfcher.] SILESIA. 6oi
to Count Scdlirizky.
is a feat, together with Blcifch'witz, Cotneife and Schonivcife, all three lying
on the Oppa. The third of thefe villages belongs to the Prince of Liebtenßein-,
the fourth to the town of "Jagcrndorf, and the fifth
6. Soppaii, having a feat. Near this place in 1745, the Prtißans defeated
the Hungarian male-contents with great ilaughter. Dobcrfdorf alfo having
a feat, and Roben belonging to the fovereign, as well as the former are
church- villages. Oi Pilgerjdorf, another church-village here, one half lies
in this principality and the other half in Moravia. The latter part is the
property of Baron Low, the former of Barori Blumenkron, and both are feparated
by a ditch.
7. Ncudorf z\\

6o2 S I L F S I A. [Plefz.
free S,tandeß:errfchaft of Beutbcn, being the largeft of all the free Standefhcrrfchajh
in
Sdcjiii.
§. 2. A great part of it confifts of heaths and forefts or lakes, with meres
and fens ; whence fidi is of courfe here very plenty. The Vißula waters
the füuthern frontier of it and fome parts alfo of the eaftern, in which laft
it is joined by the Brzemfa, which to the eaflward likewife feparates the
lordfhip from PoUvid, and receives the Biala and the Prenice.
§. 3. In the whole lordfliip are four towns. The Folijh language is more
gener.il here than the German; and their nobility are pretty numerous.
§. 4. Anciently it belonged to the Barons Turzo, who appear to have
been oi PoUß) extradlion. Of them it was purchafed in 1542 by Baltkafar
Edler, lord of Promnitz, and Bilhop of Breßau, after whole death it devolved
fuccefilvely to Stanijhus and Charles, fons to his brother Cafpar of
Provin'itz. The latter of thefe lords left it to his fon Abraham of PromnitZy
in whom the Leßtndorf line of the Promnitz family becoming extind; in
1 613, the lordfhip paffed to Siegß-ied Baron oi^ Promnitz of ih& JVeichau
hne, but he dying unmarried was fucceeded firft by Siegfried, grandfon to
Weickard his younger brother, and his fon Weickard, and on the deceafe of
the latter in 1650, by Sigißnund Scyfried fon to Henry Anß:elnn his elder
brother, who, together with his defcendants, was in 1652 raifed by the
Emperor, to the dignity of Counts of the empire. This Count dyed in
1654, and was fucceeded both in the free Standeß^errfchaßt oi Pleßz, and
tlie lorddiips of Sorau, Triebet and Naumburg, by his eldeft fon Count Erd'
maim, an anceüor of the prefent proprietor.
§. 5. His title is : N. N. Count of the holy Roman empire and of Prom^
Tiitz, free Standeß:errfchaßt, lord of Pleßz in Silefia, lord of the lordfhips of
Sorau, Triebel and Naimburg, Peterßu-aldau, Vetßchau, Kreppelhoß ^nA janoli'ltZ,
&C.
§. 6. Count Promnifz's regency of this Siandeß.errßchaft is compofed of a
prelident, two counfellors and a fecretary. He has alfo a chamber of dcmefnes
here. The Standcßjerrßchaßt in other refpeds is under the Oberamtßegierung
of Brieg, afiifted by the war and domain chamber at Breßau,
and in conjunoion with the Minderherrfchaßts of Loßzlau and Oderberg,
both which lie within the Pnijian part, forms one circle.
§. 7. In this circle is
I. The following towns : namely
1. Plejz, in xhe Pollßj Pfzczyna, the capital ; walled, and containing a
üatqly palace, with a parochial-church, which is the property of the papiils,
and a Lutheran oratory. In 1679 this town was entirely deftroyed by fire,
the palace and church excepted, and in 1748 underwent the like calamity,
the palace and the greateft part of its two fuburbs only efcaping. In 1745
a body oi Hungarian infurgents who had cantoned themfelves here, were
attacked and defeated by the Prußian huffars with confiderable lofs.
2. Berun,

Beutlien.] SILESIA. 603
2. Bcrun, in the Polißj called Bicrcn, an open little town, fituated on a
lake of fonie extent, and containing a popifli parochial-church.
3. Mijlowitz, another open little town, lying on the river Brzepifa, near
the borders of Polatid. In this town is a popifli parifh-church.
4. Nikolai, in the Polijh ftyled Mikolow^ an open little town, the church
in which is the property of the papifts.
II.
The following villages: -uiz.
1. The church villages oi Boyfchoia, Creutda, Czwiklitz, Dzicczkcwitz
having a feat, GoldmannJdorf\ GoloJfowitZy Gottfchalkoivitz, each containing a
feat, Grdzawa, Gura, Lendzin, having a feat, Lonkau, Medzna, Mokra, alfo
containing feats ; Ornunlowitz, having a feat, Pdwloivitz, containing three
feats, Pilgramjdorf, Staude, Sujetz, having a feat, I'ichau, in which alfo is a
feat, Titnmmdorj\ Warjchotvitz, Deuffcb and Polnifch-JVeicbfcl, the latter of
which has no church. To thefe is to be added Wofchezitz.
2. Of the other villages here we fliail mention only,
1. Orzefche, having two feats and a good quarry of ftone.
2. RudoltO'ivitz, a village lying on the Vijlula, which here receives the
Biala. In this village likewife meet the feveral boundaries of the lord(l:iip
of Plejfe-,
the principality of Bilitz, and the kingdom of Poland.
Note, Between the free Standejherrjcbafi o{ Plefz, and the river Brzemfa^
lie feveral market towns and villages, as namely, Chelin, yemielin, Koptzioivitz,
and many other, belonging to the Bifliop of Krakau, Duke of Severia,
by virtue of a donation of a Duke of Te/cben. The Bifliop afferts, that thefe
places are exempt from the fovereignty of the chief Duke of Silejia, but
this PruJJia will not allow, the Duke of Tefchen himfelf having been fubjecft
to the chief Duke of Silefia, and confequently, not unable to confer any
fovereignty over the eflates which he thought proper to give away.
b. The free Standcpjerrfihafi of BE UTHE N,
§. I. A Sufficient reprefentation of this country is to be found in the map
•* ^ of the principality of Oppeln. To the fouth it borders on the
preceding lordfhip, to the weft and north on the principality of Oppeln,
and eaftward on Poland, from which lafl: it i^;fcparated by the river Bre~
nice, which difcharges itfelf into the Brzemfa,
§. 2. It was formerly a particular Icrdfliip under a line of the Princes of
Tefchen, but its extent at that time was more confiderable than at prefent,
Caßmir Duke of Tefchen, making a fale in 1443 to the See of Cracow in
Poland, of a confiderable part of the lordfhip, which part is now called the
Dutchy of Severia. lii'i^yy Mariin Corvin, King of Bohemia and Hungary,
mortgaged the country of Bei/fben, as a dee lordfliip, to John Zierofinf
who made a like transfer of it to John Duke of Oppeln, from whom, with
4 H 2 the

.
6o4 SILESIA. [Bcuthcn.
the confent of Lenvis King of Hungary and Bohemia, it pafled to George
Marsprave of Brandejikirg. This Prince was fuccecded by his fon the
Marggrave George Frederick, who dying without iffue, "Joachim Frederick
Eledor of Brandenburg, in 1603 took poflefllon of the transferred lordfliips
of Beulhcn and Oderberg, with the principality of 'JagcrndorJ, and left them
to his fecond fon, named "John George. The Emperor, however, rather
than allow it, was for redeeming the lordfliip. This occafioned a long
procefs relating to the improvements and produce; but in 1618 it was determined
in favour of the Emperor. This Prince then at firft mortgaged
but in 1629 fold it to Lazarus Henkel I. Baron of Donner/mark, who made
it an unalienable Fidei commijfum in his family. His fon Lazarus in 1651,
was for himfelf and defcendants created a Count of the empire. At the
partition of the patrimonial lordÜiips between his fons, Elias the eldeft
obtained the lordfliip of Oifri^^r^, Gabriel the fecond fon, the lordfhip of
Beuthen, and the lordfliip of Tanwivitz was made the portion of the
youngell, named George Frederick. Gabriel dying without ifiue, his two
brothers lliared the lordfliip of Beutben, and Count Elias founded the Oderbcrg
line of this houfe, which is ftill in being. By the partition made between
the fons of George Frederick, Count Leo Fa-dinand the elder obtained
one half of the lordfliip of Bcuthett, and the younger named Charles Maximilian,
the lordfliip of Taniowitz. The former of thefe brothers purchafed of
Count Elias Andrew Henkel of Oderbcrg, his portion of the lordfliip of Beuthen,
and thus became fole proprietor of the whole country, which, in 1 697,.
was by the Emperor Leopold creäicd into a free Slandcßerrfchaß, and its proprietor
declared a free Standeßerr of Sileßa. Upon this in lieu of the Seniorat,
his family introduced the Majorat, by virtue of Vv'hich, agreeably to the
rioht of primogeniturefliip, the dignity of Standeßerr, with the regency of
the Standcjlerrjchaft, was firft to defcend to the Beuthen line, next to that of
Tarnowitz, and on failure of both to the houfe of Oderberg. In 1699 he
was fucceeded as free Standeß:err of Beuthen, hy his fon Count C/j^rA .j
Jofcph
Erdmann, who, in 1745, on account of his having aflifted the Hungarian
and Bohemian troops, was deprived of the lordfliip by King Frederick
II. and declared to have forfeited all his honours and dignities. His M.iirrflyj
however, was pleafed to confer the lordiliip en Count Leo Maximilian
Henkel of the Tarnowiji^ line, and fon to the above-mentioned Count
Charles Maximilian
§. 3. The title of the proprietor of this free Standeß:errjchaß, is. A''. A^.
C(uint Henkel of the holy Roman empire; Baron Dounerfmark, lord of G/all
and JFefendorf, free Stande/herr in Silefia, and hereditary and regent lord of
the countries, and fxet Standeßxrrfchaft of Beuthen, Tarnowitz- zr\A Oder-
'ber^. The lordfliips of Gfall and V/efendorf, lie in Upper-Außria, and
Tnis proprietor left them to his fon
came to John Henkel II. by marriage.
Lazarus Henkel I. from whom they devolved to his fon George, but he dying

Lofzlau.] S I L E 8 I yl. 605
ing without Iflue, the Fielet ccmmijum, eflablidicd by his father, precluded
his brother, or ilTue from the inheritance. They bear however, the names
of their lordfhips in their title.
§.4! The regency of the Standcßerr confifts of a governor aHifted by
two counfellors and a fccretary. In other refpedls x\iz Standeß:errfchaft is
under the King's Oberamtfregieriing at Bricg, and the war and domain
chambers at Brcßau, and forms a dillinä: circle,
§. 5. The principal places belonging to it are,
I. The following towns : namely
1. Beiithen, in the Polijh called EitherJi, and otherwife Upper-Bcuthen,
the capital of the lordfhip, being walled and having a feat, with a popiOi
parochial-church, and a convent of Minorites. Near it anciently was a
filver mine, which in 1366 yielded uncommon produce.
2. Georgenberg, an open little town, containing a popifli parochial-church.
•3. 'Tamo'witz, a fmall and open town, having a popiih church with a
Lutheran oratory. The filver mine here was formerly very rich, and
yielded gold, and even ftill is far from being inconfiderable. A little way
without this town, Augiißiis II. on his eledion to the crown of Poland in
1697, gave a folemn audience to the public embafly fent to invite him into
that country; and in 1734 a like interview was held here between Augußus
III. and the fplendid deputation from the States oi Poland, which likewife
invited him to come and take poflcflion of the kingdom. In 1746 a great
fire happened here.
2. Neudeck, a feat belonging to the Count.
3. The following church-villages; namely, Bilczo'witz, Charzow, Ramien,
Kechkwitz, Micbalkoivitz, Great-Panioiv having a feat, Piajlxzna,
Deutfch-Piekary containing a feat,
Repten, Rohtnitz, and Great-Zygliu.
Note, The burghers oi Czelacz a fmall Pc///6 town in the dutchy of
Severia are pofTefled of fome meadow grounds, corn lands, and woods on
this fide the Brenice near Siemianoivitz, which though in Poland are under
the fovereignty of Prufjia. The Bifhop of Cracoiv as Duke of Seirria,
lays claim aifo to a conliderable part of a fore'l near Sajidcck, and would
have the boundaries to be from Liibos along an old road there, as far as the
filver Kopitz, and from thence to Czinko'sj (lee the map of the principality
©f Oppcln ;) but Prißia ftill allerts its foveieignty over this tratet.
4. Two free Minderherrßhajts : viz.
a. I'bc free Minderhenfhaft cf LO S Z LAV,
'T'^rlE heft view of this country is to be had in the map of tiie principa-
-* lity of Ratibor, with which it is for the moft part environed, but o\\
the other quarters it joins to the lordlh.ip of Odcrbcrg, and the principality
of

6o6 SILESIA. [Oderberg.
of 'Tcfcljen. Its proprietor is the Count of Dietrichßein, who ftilcs himfelf
N. N. Count of the holy Ro/nan empire, and of Dietrichßeiti, and hereditary
lord of the free MinderherrJchaft of Lojzlau in Upper-Silefia. In the
town of LofzJau this Count has a regency, confifting of a governor, two
afieflbrs and a fecretary. This lordOiip is alfo under the Oberamtjregicrung
of Briegy and the war and domain chamber at Breßau, and forms another
part of die circle of Flefz. The mofl: remarkable places in it are,
1. Lofzlau, in the Polifo ftyled Wodißaiv, an open little town, having a
popifli
parochial-church, with a convent oi Minorites.
2. The church-villages o( Upper-Golgowilz containing a feat, Godau alfb
having a feat, Jaeßreab containing two feats, Jedioivnik, Lnzißa, Moßhtzenitz,
Mfchanna, Foblom, Radli?j, and Ruptawa h.2i\ing alio two feats, with
Skrijcbait.
b. A Part of the free Mi?tderherrfchaft of ODERBERG.
'T*'HIS lordfliip likwife is
*'
beft feen in the map of the principality of Ra-
tibor, by which it is furrounded, as alfo by thofe oi T'rcppau and T'efchejiy
and the lordfhip of Lofzlau. Formerly it conftituted a part of the
principalities of Oppeln and Ratibor. Its revolutions have been taken notice
of above under the free Standeßjerrßbtift of Beidhe?:, as well as that it belongs
to a branch of the Counts of Henkel. The title of its proprietor is
N. N. Count of Henkel, Baron of Donnerfmark, lord of GJal and JVeßendorf,
hereditary lord of the country, and free Standeßjerrfchaft of Beutben, and
likewife of I'arnowitz, Oäerberg and Polzig. That part of it which is fubjcdl:
to Prußia and feparated from the other by the Oder and Elja, is under
the Oberamffregierung of Brieg, and the war and domain chambers at
Breßau, and reckoned within the circle of Tlefz. It contains the villages of
Great-Gorfitz having a church, Belfcbnitz, Odrou^ Olja^ Rofchkau^ Ruderfchivald
having a church, and Sabelkau.
II. The Bohemian part of Silefia, confifting of
A. ^ßmll Part of LO JFE R-SILE S IA.
APart of the principality of Neyfze.
Of the principality of Neyfze in general we have taken notice above,
in our defcription of Prußian Silefia. It remains therefore, only to give an
account of that part which ftill continues under the fovereignty oi Bohemia,
and in which are
I, The following towns : namely
1.' Zutkmaiitel, an open little town belonging to the BlChop. Near this
town

Troppau.] SILESIA, 607
town is a mine, at prefent exhaufted, but which formerly yielded plenty
of copper and filver, and even gold.
2. JVeidemu, a fmall town deftroyed by fire in 1574 and in 1632.
3. "Jauernlck, an open little town, belonging to the BiQiop. On one
fide of this town ftands Johannesberg it2it, and on the oth er y^z/tr«/;
church-villnge.
4. Friedberg, an open little town alfo belonging to the Bifhop.
5. Kaltnflein, another open little town.
6. Freyioalde, a fmall and open town fituated on the Billau, and likewife
appertaining to the Bilhop.
II. The following villages : viz.
1. Niklafdorf, having a church, Greaf-Kunzendorf contzimng a church
and feat, Rothtvaffer alfo having a church and feat, Voigtfcrofz and Weifzbach
with one church, all villages belonging to the Bifliop of Breßau-, and
lying on the borders of the FruJJian part of the principality of Neyfze.
2. JVeifzivaffer, a village containing a feat and church, alfo fituated
on the borders of the Friißan part of the principality of Neyfze. This
village likewife belongs to the Bifliop of Olmutz.
3. Barzdorf, Einfidel, Enderjdorf hiving a feat, Gurfchdorf, Obcrgriindy
Stdndhubel^ SanbsdorJ\ and JfllfcbutzWiih. a feat, all church-villages.
B. A part of Upper-Silejia, including
I. Four principalities : viz.
a. Part of the PrincipalHy of TR O P PA 17,
'"T^O which belong,
•*•
I. The following towns : namely
1. Troppau, in the Bobemian dialed; called Oppatva, and in Laiin Oppavia,
the capital of all Upper-Sile/ia, as well as of the principality of the
like name. It flands in a fruitful country on the river Oppn, being walled,
and containing an ancient palace of the Princes, with three parochialchurches,
a Jefuits college, three convents of monks, a nunnery and a
commandery of the order of St. John, befides which it is alfo the feat of
the regency for the Bobemian part of Sihjia. In 1758 the greatefl: part of
this town was deflroyed by fire.
2. Königsberg, commonly Kunsberg, an open little town containing a
manfion-houfe.
3. Wagßadt or Wogßadt, by the Bohemians called Bikwes, a walled
little town having a manfion-houfe, and belonging to Count Fratjchmann.
In the year 162S a confiderable part of this place was deftroyed by fire.
4. Oder or Odraii, a fmall but walled town, fituated on the Oder and
having a manfion-houfe. This place alfo beings to Count Fra-fdmann.
4 S- ^^'k'

6o8 SILESIA. [Jagerndorf,
5. IVigßadld, by the Bohemiajn called Wakow, an open little town near
which ftands the ancient and (lately caftle of IVigJtein.
II. The following market towns and villages : viz.
1. Grntz, in the Bohemian AidXtCt called Hradetz, a market-town having
a feat, and lying on the Mora. Near this town in J741 an Aullriart
party was routed by fome Prt'JJians.
2. Radim, a church-village, one fliort German mile's diftance from
Troppau, and where in 1745 a flcirmiHi happened between Baron Tn-fik's
corps and a party of Pnißians to the advantage of the latter.
3. The church villages of Bielau, Boydenfdorf, Brojdorf, Ditterfdorf^
Dobifchwalde, Eckerfdor), Erberjdorf, Great-GlockerfdorJ ^ Glomnitz, Gotjcthdorf
containing a feat, Great and Little-Herlitz, the former of which has
a feat, Hrabin alfo containing a feat, Krculzhurg, New-Liibiitz having a
feat, Lulzaii, Mankendorf\ Morawitz, Mokrolajez, Little-PeterJdorf\ Peter-
•witz, Plejha with a ieat, Pohruba likewife containing a feaf, Great and
Wi/Ji-Pohlomb, the former of which has a feat, Prieje^ Rattkau^ Schwanfdorf\
Skrzipau, Standing with a feat, Pricfe, Stieberivitz, Stiebnig, Tafcheiidorf,
Thar7tau, Trzebowitz, Tfcbirmby Wohne rjdorf^ Zattigy Old and
New-Zechfdcrf.
h. A Part of the Principality of JÄGERNDORF,
'T~^0 which belong,
-*•
I. The following towns : namely
r. JagcrndorJ\ by the Bohemians- czW^d Karnow or Krnow, and in Latin
Carnovia or Cornuvia, the capital of the principality, fituated among mountains
on the Oppa, which runs through it. This place is walled, and
exclufive of a palace of the Prince's contains alfo a large parilh-churcli
with a Minorite convent, to the lafl of which likewife belongs a church.
Further on an eminence near the town is the chuich of the Blejfed Virgin,
Not far alfo from it ftood the mountain caftle cf Schelle?iberg, once the
refidence of the family of that name.
2. Benjche or Bendfchin, an open little town.
II. The following feats and villages : viz.
1. Lobenßein, an ancient mountain caftle and demefne of the Prince
of Lichtenjiein, fituated not far from "Jagcrndorf. Near this place is a farm
of the Prince's called the rothe Hof or red farm, and a little beyond it
iiands the
church-village of Lobenßein.
2. Camerau, a demefne of the Prince's, with a church-village lying
not far from the Oppa.
3. The church villages of Branfdorf hzv'mg a feat on 'the river Oppa,
Braunfdorf, Breuthcn, Cronfdorf, Ditterjdorf Karlßhal, Lichten, Neflachcwitz,
alfo

1
Tefchen.] SILESIA. 609
alio having a feat, Raafcj Seyfferßorf, Spachendorf, 'Taubnitz, V/eifzkirch
and Zofen, m the laft of which likewife is a feat.
c. The Principality of TESCHE N.
§. I. 'TpIIE principality of Tejchen^ to the north horders on the Stiuulef-
^ hcrrfchaft of Plefz und fomt fmaW Mi/:J rhen-fchaßs, weft ward
on the principahty of 'Troppmi, Moravia and the Minderherrjd^ajt
.
of
Friedekt fouthward on Himgary, though on this fide its limits are not abfolutely
fettled, as is obferved before in our introdudion to Siicfia, and
eaftward on Hungary, Poland, and the principality of Bditz.
§. 2. It is for the moft part hilly, the Moravian chain terminating near
yablunkaii in the fouthern part, where alfo begins the Carpatlian mountains.
On the other hand the north part is very fwampy, and overrun wirh lakes
and meres ; notvvithftanding which there are more fertile fpots here than
would be imagined. Befides thefe it abounds likewife in wood. It has
been already obferved in our general introduftion to Silefa, that the Vtßula
has its fource in this country. The Olj'a or E/faäMo rifes in the Carpathian
chain near the confines of Hungary, and after traverfing the greater part
of the principality, in the lordlhip of Oderberg joins the Oder. The
river Ojhaivice forms the boundary between this country and Moravia.
§. 3. In the whole principality are five towns, part of the inhabitants
of which fpeak German, and the other Po///Z>. The mountains are inhabited
by Walachians, who make good Heyduch or foot loliiers. The
excellent fire arms here, called Tcfchinken receive their name from this
country, and more particularly from its capital, where they are made in
great quantities.
§. 4. Miecißaus, the firft: Duke of Upper-Silefia refided at Tefchen. Ca~
fimir II. grandfon to his fon Cafmir I. in 1288, fubjeäed himfelf to the
King of Bohemia, and was fucceeded in the principality of Tejchen by his
fon Cafmir III. on whom King 'john conferred a part of the principality
of Glogau. This Prince's fon named Przemißaiis purchafed of Bolco Duke
oi Schweidnitz the dutchy of Severia, and in 1363 was further invefled
with the principality of Beuthen. His fon Bokßain, who refided at Tefiben,
left behind him four fons, who in 1442 made apartition of their father's
territories. Winceßaia the eldeft, who obtained 'fefchen, Beuihen and Tarnoiüitz,
in 1443 ^°'^ ^^^^ dutchy of Severia to the fee of Cracoiv. Alter
the deceafe of this Prince and his fon Przemißam, in i477> ^he whole
defcendcd to Cafimir IV. fon to his younger brother Bolißaus, who, in
1479 made an exchange with King Matthias, oi Tarnowitz and his right
in Great-Glogau for Cojel. Bolißaiis wns fucceeded by his grandfon Winceßaus
Adam, who mortgaged the lordfiiip of Friedck to h.s fatherin-law
John of Bernßein, "Ta him fucceeded his fon Jda-n Wenceßam,
Vol. VI. 4
who.

6io SILESIA. [Tcfchen.
who, a little before his death embraced popery. He was followed
by his fon Frederick IfUliam, who having been brought up in that religion,
after his acceflion to the government became a zeilot for it, but in 1625
died, and in him ended the male line of the Dukes of Tefchen. The
principality by his death efcheated to the crown of Bohemia, in the hands
of which it remained till 1722, when Charles VI. transferred it to Leopold
Jofeph Charles Duke of Loraine, who in 1729 was fucceeded therein by
his fon Francis Stephen, fince made Emperor.
§. 5. The principality contains
I. The following towns belonging to the Prince : viz.
1. Tefchen, in the Poliß} Tcfzin, and in Latin Tefchena or Tejinum the
cnpital of the principality, and lying in a very fertile country on the river
Elja. It is walled and contains a large church, with two convents of
inonks, and a college of Jefuits. In the fuburbs is a Lutheran church,
ereded by virtue of the compadl of OlJ-Ranßadt, wherein fervice is performed
both in the German and Polißj. To this church is alfo annexed a
fchool, but the Emperor's patent for thefe two buildings, cofl the Lutheran
flates a donation of 10,000 florins. On an eminence near the town fl;and
the Upper or Old, with the lower palace of the Prince.
2. jabliinkau or Jablunka, an open little town fituated on the Elfa, and
lying in a bottom among hills.
About a German mile's diftance from it towards Hungary is Jablunka
fort, erefted for the defence of a pafs there.
3. Skozow or Skotjchau, a fmall and open town lying on the Vißula, and
containing a manfion-houfe, which togther with
4. Schivarzwaffer, in the Polißj called Strumien, another fmall place on
the Vißula, and fome villages here, formed a particular lordfliip of which
Duke Frederick Cafimir, fon to Duke Winceßaus Adam was proprietor. At
Bchwarziaalfer the Prince has an office.
II. The following church-villages : inz.
1. Between the Fifa, Oßrawice, and the lordHiip of Friedek, lies Allerfdorf,
with Upper and Lower-Bludcwitz, in the lift of which is a feat,
Domajlcii'itz, a Ho having a feat, Gatty, Herzmanitz^ linoynick containing a
ftat, Jßebna, Kar-win having a feat, Pclnifch, OJlrau, Peterfioald, Patimow,
with a feat, Ropitz alfo having a {eat,'Rzepit/ch, Upper and Lower-Schebifchoivitz
with i'eats, Schomberg, Schonhof containing a feat, Steifiau with a feat.
Upper and Loiver-Sucha having feats, Upper and Lcwer-Tierliczko with a
feat, Upper and Lower-Trzam'udtz, having a feat, and Wirzbitz.
2. Between the Elfa and Vißula lie Baumgarten, Byßrzitz, Goliefchaii
with a feat, Hatzbach having a feat, Kfelau, alfo containing a feat, Kcnßa,
Little-Kunzendorf Upper-Lifchna, Niaiek having a feat, Nierodin, Ogrod'
zona with a feat, Punzau, Seiberjdorf \s\x\\ a feat, Ußron with a feat, Weichfei,
JVendrin having a feat, and Zamarsk.
3. Between

Oderberg.] S I L E S I j^. 6ii
3. Between the Vißitla and the principality of Bilifz lie Bilcwtizh,
Brenna, and Grodietz, in the lad of which is a feat, Great-Gurcek^ Lipoicetzy
Ocbob and Rigcrfdorf, alfo having a fear.
d. 7he Principality of B I L I T Z,
country is to be feen in the map of the principality of Tifchen^
T"^HIS
which with the Standcß.)crrfchaft of Plefz and Poland, entirely furrounds
it. From the lordfliip of Plefz it is feparated by the Vijlula and
from Poland by the river Biala, which runs into the former. It was once
a part of the principality of TeJ'chen, till Duke Winccßaiii Adam fettled it as
a diftinft lordiliip on his fon Frederick Cafimir, after which it came to
Charles Baron of Promniiz, from him to Adam Schajgotfcb, next to the
Barons of Sonneck, who have fince been created Counts, and in 1730 to a
Count oi Solms-JViidenfels. In 1739
it came to ^Count oi Haugivitz, and lad
of all to Alexander 'JoJeph'Pnnct of the holy Reman Empire, as alfo of Sullowsky,
andCount oiLiJfa in Poland, in favour of whom, the Emperor, Francis in
1752 erc(ft-ed this territory, till that time confidered only as a Minderherrfcbaft
into a principality. Within it is
1. Bilitz, a walled little town fituated on the Biala, on an eminence
near which alfo flands a caftle. In 1750 the town church was deftroyed
by lightning, and in 1753 a fire confupied one hundred and forty of the
befl:
houfes here.
2. The church- villages of Old-Bilitz and Czechoxvitz, in the latter of
which is a feat, Ernftdorf alfo having a feat, Heinzcndorf, Kamitz^ Kurz-
Uvalde and Matzdorf.
2. Eight Minderherrjchafts.
I. A Part of the free Minderherrfchaft of ODERBERG,
f\^ the lordfhip of Oderberg a general account has been already given
^^ under Prußian Sileßa. In that part of it which has continued under
the fovereignty of Bohemia,
is
1. Oder berg, in the Polißo called Bogumin, an open little town fituated
on the Oder, and the capital of the whole lordfiiip. In this town is a feat
of the proprietor.
2. Koppitau, Scbonichel, and Pudlow, three villages.
4 I 2 II. Ths

6i2 SILESIA. [Olbcrfdorf.
IL The free Minderherrfchaft of FREUDENTHAL.
A
Sufficient
reprefcntation of this country is to be feen in the map of the
principality of Trcppau. It is environed by the principalities of Jagcrndorf
?Ln6. Neyjze, and likewife by Afi/röi'/V?. Former'y it conftituted
a part of the principality of Troppau, but afterwards belonged to Barons,
to whom it gave title, and from them paffed to the Barons fince the
Counts o{ Würben. But the Emperor Ferdinand II. fequeflrating it, it was
fucceffively held by hii fon Leopold William, and his grandfon Charki
yofeph, both archdukes of Außria and grmd mafters of the 'Teutonick
order. In 1682 the Emperor Leopold appointed the tlien grandmafter of
the Teutonick order, "John Cajpur of Ampringcn to be chief governor of
'Upper and Lower-Silefia, and it being requifite alfo that the perfon invefled
with this pofl: rtiould be a Prince oi Silefia, he at the fame time conferred on
him the lordfliip of Freudenthal zs a principality, whereupon he took the:
title of Prince of Freudetitbal, and Lord of Eulenberg. Freudenthal from
this time continued annexed to the Teutonick order, but the title of principality
has fince been fuperfeded, fo that at prefent it is only a Minderherr-
JchaJ't, though one of the mofl confiderable in all Silepa, as containing
1. Freudenthal, in the Poliß) and Bohemian called Brunthal, the capital
of the lordrtiip, fituated in a pleafant vale. This place is walled and has
?a manfion-houfe, in which refides a commander of the order.
2. Engehberg, an open little town, near which formerly was a mine,
and on an adjacent hill is a chapel.
^,
3. Wirbcnthal or Wurhenthal^ another open little town formerly alfo
having a mine work.
4. The church-villages of Ahßadt, Lichteiverden, Little-Mohrau, Seiffen,
Throm^ Old-Vogelfeiffen, Loiver-Wildgrub and Wockendorf.
Note. To this lordfliip likewife belongs Eulenberg a market-town in
Moranjia.
III. i:hc Minderrfchaft of OLBERSDORR
'"T^HE Minderherrjchaft of Olberfdorf, in the taxation 'of Sileßa ftiled
-' das Gut (or the eftate) of Olberpdorf, is alfo feen in the maps of the
principalities of Troppau and yagertidorj. It belongs to the Jejuits of
Neypze, and contains under it -
1. Olhcrfdorf^ a market-town having a manfion houf;^;
2. Hei)ize?idorf, a church -village.
3. Ten other villages.
IV. The

Deutfcii-Leutlicn.J SILESIA. 613
IV. Tie Minderherrfchaft of FRIEDE K.
'TpHIS lordfliip is reprefented on the maps of the principality of Tcfcbeu,
•*•
by which and Moravia it is funounded, though feparated from the
latter by the river Oftrawice.
It was once a part of the principality of T^yt^w.
In 1545 Duke Wincißain Adam mortgaged it to 'John oi Bernftein. Afterwards
it paffed to other owners, till it came at length to the Counts of
Prajchma. In this Minderherr fchaft is
1. Friedeky a fmall but walled town, having a manfion houfe and
lying on the river Oßramce. In 1702 a great part of this place was defiroyed
by fire.
2. The church-villages of Bruzcwit^, DobraUy Leskowlfz, Sedlißy and
Skalitz.
V. The Minderherrfchaft of FRETSTJDT,
'T^HIS territory is reprefented in the map of the principality oiTefche».
•*•
In the taxation of Silefia it is called das gut Freyßadt, and was once
a part of the principality of Tefchen. Duke Winceßaus Adam gave it to his
ion Frederick Caßmir, who mzde Freyßadi his ufual refidence. Afterwards
it palled to the Barons Czigan of Shipska, from whom it came to the
Counts Gafchin, and laftly to the Wiefizkowsky family. In it is
1. Freyßadt or Freyßadtel, a fmall town fituated not far from the Eljaf
and containing a manfion-houfe,
2. The villages of Altßadt, Konkolna and Zawada.
VI. The Mindcrherrfchaft of R O T.
'npHIS diflridl: lies contiguous to the foregoing, being fituated along the
-* banks of the Ella. In the taxation of Sücßa it is called the Gut
Roy. Its prefent proprietor is the Baron of Schrebeinky . In it are the
villages of Roy^ Sphichoie, Darkoiv and Liiczka, commonly called Lonky,
the lail: of which is aifo parochial.
VII. r/je M-mckrrherrfchajt of DEUTSCH-LEUTHEA',
A Dioining to the preceding, and in the taxation of Sileßa fliled d.is Cut
-* -*
DeutJch-Leuth'H. It belongs to Count Taff, and contains under it
I. DiMißb-Leutben, a church-village having a feat.
2. Ditlmcrjdo'f,

ti+ G L A r z, -
2. Ditttncrfihrf^ another church-village.
3. The villages of Skrzeczon and IVilmcrfdoi'f, on the Elfa.
VIII. r/je Mwderherrfchaft of REICHENWALDAU. ij
'T~*'riIS lordn-iip borders on the former, and in the taxation of Sileßa Is
-* called das Gut Reicbemvaldau. Its proprietor is Count fViirbcn. In it is
1. ReichervwaldaUy a church-village having a feat.
2. The villages of Polnijch-Leuthen, Foremba and Dombrau.
^he Sovereign County of G L A 'T Z,
§.i.'T~^HE map of this county defigned hyScultefus and pubüflied by Janf-
•*
Jon is greatly inferior to that put forth hy Hornanni printing houfe at
Nürnberg in 1747 from a draught of Mr. Mayers,. MuUer'% Atlas however
of Bohemia, with Mr. "Julien i Atlas topographique & militaire, contain
a reprefentation of this county no lefs accurate and complete than
that of
Homann's.
§. 2. The county of Glatz lies between Bohemia, Silefia and Moravia,
being on all fides environed by ridges of mountains, which belong to the
^ulet chain, whence it is every v/here of very difficult accefr, the entrance
to it being a long, rugged, rocky and troublefome way. In length it is
eight geographical miles, and in breadth five. Count Chrißopher of Hardick,
while governor here appointed a ftandard for t,he menfuration of
their miles, by which TiGlatz mile is to confift of three and five hundred
cords, and each card of fifty two ells, making in a whole mile 15860 ells.
§. 3. It is every where mountainous and moft delightfully variegated with
hills and dales, meadows and woods, fields and ftreams, which are further
interfperfed with towns and villages. In a good year it produces more
wheat than is fufficient for home confumption ; and in bad feafons is fupplied
at a moderate rate from the adjacent countries. What fruits or culinary
herbs it wants are imported from Sihfia, Bohemia and Moravia. It
yields alfo rich paftures, and grafery turns out here to good account.
Wood too it has in great plenty, as well as game of all kinds ; and its
filli, particularly its trout, are very large and-exquifite. Further, here are
quarries of ftcne for mill fiones, grave Hones, and building, which are exported
to other countries, and it affords befides a good marble with jafper,
topazes and cornelians. In the neighbourhood of Schlegel is dug pit-coal ;
and Haiifdorf has a copper-mine. The filver-mine works of Wilhelmsthal

G L A r z.
thai or Neußadtd and Merzberg are at prefent difcontinued. Among the
many mineral fprings here the mofl celebrated are thofe at Kochwa, Rcifjcrz
and Altivilmfdorf. The warm bath of Landcck is alfo in great repute. la
the dillrid of Habeljchwerdt about half a mile from Mittekvaldc below the
Schneeberge rifcs the Ney/ze, which after vi?iXtr\ng Habeljchwerdt and Glatz
615
pafles out of this country into the principality of Mwißerberg in Silejia,
This ri%'er receives into it t'lImoO: every little torrent in the country ; and
at the dirtance of fcarce half a mile from its fource, on the borders of
Moravia rifes the Morel or Morawa, the chief river in that dutchy. Not
far likewife from Rcinerz iflues the Erlitz, which, for fome miles divides
this county from Bohemia, after which it continues its courfe into that
Kingdom, whence accordingly in 1586 it was declared a boundary
between the county of Glatz and Bohemia.
§. 4. In the whole county are nine towns with upwards of one hundred
villages, the latter of which are generally large and populous. The current
language here is the Gertnan. The inhabitants live moflly by tillage,
grafery, fpinning thread, and the linen trade. Here are five families of
Counts, feveral of Barons, befides other noble houfes, ihe moft antient of
which is that of Pannewitz, and next to it tliofe of Ghiubitz, Mojchen^
Tzifckivitz and Hangwitz. Whilft the county of G/^/2; was under Bohemia^
the States ufed to hold their Landtage or Diets, in the Landtage hou(e of
Glatz. Thefe meetings were anciently termed Fiir/lentage, but fince the
Priißan fovereignty has taken place they have been laid afide as unnecelfary.
§. 5. In the fixteenth century under the regency of Count Chrillrpher of
Hardeck the dodtrine of John Ilufz dilFufed itlelf here confiderably. From
J 560 to 1623 Lutheranifm maintained its ground againfl: the mod violent
oppofitionj but after that year all
the Lutheran paftors and fchoolmafters to
the number of above one hundred and twenty were driven out of the country,
and the refl of the Lutheran inhabitants by blandifhments and compulfion
induced to embrace popery, though great numbers preferred exile to
apoftafy. Thus in procefs of time popery became tlie public religion of the
whole country, though fince the ceflion oi it to Vrujjia the Lutherans are
again permitted the free exercife of their religion.
^. 0. In ancient times tljis country had ftveral maricrs, particularly the
Kings of Bohemia. Iti I453 Ladijlaia King of Hungary and Bohemia confented
that George Podiebrath then Stadtholder, at'terwards King of Bohemia,
might redeem the lordlhip of Glatz from William of Leuchentberg, and
in 1462 the Emperor F' ederick III. raifed this lordlhip to a county in favour
of the fons of the faid King George Podiebrath. On a partition between
thefe fons, it came to the cldelf, named Henry Duke oi Munlierberg and Frankenßein,
who in 1472 was by JFladi/Iaus King of Bohemia, further inveP.ed
with it as a fief, in the year 1500 his fons fukl it to their father-inlaw
yllbert Count FLrdeck for the fum of 60,000 crowns, and 'n

6i6 G L ^ r Z,
1534 Chrißopher Count Hardcck mortgaged the county to Ferdinand King
of Bohemia, who foon alienated it in the fame manner to John of Bertis
ßein. In 1 549 it pafled as a mortgage to Ernejl Duke of Bavaria, who
- afterwards acquired the property of it. In 1561 King K';-rt'/;2/7W got it
again into his polTclTion and from that time it continued annexed to the
crov/n of Bohemia till 1742, when Frederick II. King of Prußa made
himfelf mafler of it. At the peace of Berlin concluded in the fame
year, it was ceded to him, his heirs, and his defcendants ft)r ever, with
entire lovereignty and ablokite independency oi the crown of Bohemia,
§. 7. In the titles of the King of Prii/Jia, this county as a fovereigti
State, is placed alter Sileßa, Orange, Neufchatel and Valiangin, but before
Gelderland, Magdeburg, Cleve, &c. Its arms are pearl three hnes
crowned ruby, or ruby three lines crowned pearl.
§.8. Whilft under J5!?i6fOT/« all affairs of government and law were conduced
by an Amtjregierung held at the capital, and in which the governor
prefided as prefident, but from its fentences appeals lay firfl to Prague^
and then might be moved to Vienna. But under Prujjia a change has
been made in its conftitution. The royal regency in the capital is verted
not only with the infpedlorihip of the garrifon there,
but attends likewife to
the order, tranquillity and fafety of the whole county, and takes cognifance
of the royal buildings and matters of police. With refpedt to
judicial affairs in fecular caufes the county is fubjedl to the Oberamtfregicrung
of Breßau, and in ecclefiaftical matters to the upper confiftory of
the fame place, though with right of appeal from both to the tribunal of
Berlin, after which a petition for a revifal of the cafe may be laid before
his Majefty himfelf. Caufes of fmaller importance are finally decided by
the Landraih of the county, who is Ailed the Iudex delegatus ofit, affifted
by an aflelTor of the Oberamtfregierung and upper confiftory at Breßau.
The fubfidy, excife, demefne, poft and cuftom offices are immediately fubordinate
to the war and domain chambers in the fame city.
§. 9. This county makes but one circle. In the above-mentioned map
(§.1.) it is divided into fix diftridls, agreeably to which, as being both
proper and convenient, we flrall form our account.
I, The diftriä: of Glafz contains under it
I. Glatz, by the Bohemians czWed Kladzko, by the Poles Klodzko, and
in Latin Glacium or Glociinn, the capital of the county, fituated on the
river Neyfze. It is a very Ifrong place, and flands on the declivity of a
hill, whereon alio is built the old caflle, fo that moflof tt. houfes command
an extenfive and fine profpe(5l of the country. The old cail:b was formerly
divided into three parts, called the lower, middle and upper palace. The
buildings of the firft of thefe lie fomewhat lower towards the city than the
upper, and antiently formed a Burglehn, which was conferred on feveral
noble families of the county, who by virtue of the laid pofl filled themfeivcs

,
G L A r z,
fclves burgraves of Glaiz, and refided in it as governors. In this lower
palace too is a fpacious area ilirrounded with buildings, and in ihcfe buildings
again vaults fecured from fire, wherein things of confequcnce and
value may be fafcly lodged. Water is conveyed through pipes from the
Kahioißlfs curiofities of the county of Glatz, bears fome flrong marks of
Vol. VL 4 K fpurioufnj
VI atcr tower near the lower mills, quite up into th's lower, palace. \\-\ it
ahb is a popifb church, but at prefcnt no fervice performed there excepting
on Sundap, pcd this only for the benefit of fuch priioners as are papifts.
From this lower palace wc afcend to the upper, which (lands much JMi^htr
than the top of the rock, and befldes three courts has a vcrv deep welt
h?wn quite through the rock, and yielding plenty of excellent water.
This part was once the refidtnce of the lords proprietors of the county,
and even now the commandant lives there. Since Glatz has belono-cd to
Prvßa the old citadel has been greatly improved and ftrengchentd, particularly
by the addition of very commodious barracks capable of quarterin» a
iniilicrous garri(on. As it ftands likewife within fight of the whole county, at
the filing of a gun or the lighting up of a beacon, the approach of an enemy
may in a quarter of an hour's time be notified to every part thereof. The
•newxitaidel, which is a l'riißan work, itands on the Schaferberge, diredly
fronting the old one, with the river A'(?)'/2i? running between them, and
by means of a fpeaking trumpet advices may be mutually communicated
to them. This new citadel is very advantageouily fituated, ftrong and
regular, and further provided with a good weil, which has been cut at a
vail expence through the rock into the hill. Between thefe two citadels
alfo is a fiuice by which the intermediate country may be laid under
water. The to^n itfelf too is at prefent ftrongly fortified, and in beauty,
cleanlinefs and' order has been greatly improved under the Prttßuin
governments. It confifts of four hundred houfes, with the fuburbs of
Frankeiißei?;, the Angel (or book) the Rofzmarkt (or horfe niarkct) and the
Kcitlandd. Its parifh-church belongs to the J^'fuits, and in this church is
n celebrated miraculous image. Near it alfo is the college and feminary
of the faid fathers. In 1742 a church was built here near the gate in
the Frankenßein rtreet, for the ufe of the garnfon and other Luthcrmn.
Without the town likewife before the Briick gate, on the Rafzmarkt
is a Mir.orjie convent with a church called our lady auf dcjn Sande,
-and at a fmali difiance from the Frankenßein gate is a Francijcan church and
convent, and clofe by it an almshoufe having a church. Of the farms in
tlie fuburbs, fome belong to noblemen, others to burghers, and feme
again to the jefuits and Minorites. Here are befides two large mills of
the Kings, and not far from the Francißan convent two corn and meal magazines,
with a bakehoufe. Glatz enjoys a good trade, and its burghers,
and inhabitants are under the magifiracy. Antiently there {food a place here
known by the name of Lucca, till the year 936, when by order of Kinp-
Henry I. the town itftlf was built, though the inffrumcnt cited page 105 in

.
.
ei8 G L A r z.
I'purloufnefs. It has been frequently pillaged and burnt, as being the fubje(S
of incelTant difcords between the Foles and BobemianSy not to mention
the two deftrudive fires of 1015 and 1033. In 1056 it was alfo taken and
laid in ailies by the Emperor Conrad. In 1463, 1469 and 1524, it again
fufFcred by fire. Its fevereft fiege, however, was that which it held out in
J622, againfl the united forces of the Emperor Ferdinand II. and his allies.
In 1742 the Frußans took it by capitulation. To the town belongs the
village oi Steinrjitz, with fome farms.
2. Old-WihnJ'dorf ^ a church-village much reforted to for its mineral water.
3. Old-Heydi', a village haying a mineral fpring.
4. Merzdorf ^
Upper-Haufdorj^ Neudeck, Gaberjäorf, Melden and Wiefchau
or irieje, all
hcius.
villages containing raanfion-houfes belonging to Count Goiz.
5. Lciver-HcitiJdorJ] a village, with two kats belonging to Count Neu^
6. Hüfzitz, a village, its proprietor Baron Pihiti.
7. Labufch and Foditau, two villages having feats, and belonging to the
Schenkendorf fam i 1
y
8. Sckwenz, a village with two feats, one belonging to Count Hartig,
the other to Baron Hem.
9. Firkwitz or Burgivitz, a village and feat of Count Hartig.
10. Koritau, a village belonging to the fame nobleman.
^
1 1. Rofchwiiz and Stolzenau, two villages, their owner Count Wallis.
12. Fifchiciiz or Fijchkoivitz, a village, with eftates of the Haugiviizes.
13. Upper-Schwcdeldcrf, a village, containing two eftates of Count Wallis^
with a feat of the Tfchifchwitz family, fome vaffals of Count Hartig, and
others belonging to the King's demefne chambers at Glatz.
14. Lower- Schwedeldorf, appertaining to the Jejuits at Glatz.
I 5.
Rengerfdorf, a village having two feats.
J 6. Eyferjdorf, a village, belonging to the Jefuiti oi Glatz.
II. The Landeck diftrift, comprehending
1. La?tdeck an open little town fnuated on the Biela, and belonging to
the fovereign. The inhabitants of this place fubfift chiefly by tillage and
grafcry, afiifted by the fale of their beer and brandy. The generality of
them are papifts. Landeck has fuffered greatly by war, having been frequently
facked and burnt, particularly in the year 1528, when fc'arce forty
houfcs were left in the town, and but three in the fuburb. It is moft remarkable
for the warm baths near, and lying beyond it.
2. Upper-Thalheim, a village, the lower end of which joins the town.
From this village we crofs over a long wooden bridge leading through the
Herrenhcf, in which is a fmall elegant feat, to an eminence on the left,
planted with a row of lime-trees and on which is a church, and from
thence again to the New or our Lady% bath. Two or three hundred paces
f,'.rther, leaving the Biek on the right, we arrive at the Old or St, Gorge's
bath.

G L A T Z. 619
bath, which fl;ands fomevvhat higher than the former, and ifTues from a
hard rocky foil on an eminence cail of the Biele, and about a hundred and
odd paces from the wood called Obcrfreybeit ; where the fild water guflies
through the fiflures of the rock, which formerly were no lefs than fcventy
in number. In not a few of thefe fifilires its volume is equal in thicknefs t'j
a man's arm. Nothing can be more pellucid than this water, though impregnated
with a ftrong fulphureous fmell, and its degree of warmth is rather
beyond tliat of milk as it comes from the cow. The largcll fpriiig m
the middle, is nearly of a boiling heat, but otliers are only tepid, and oti)e:ä
again quite cold, fo that the water collefted from all thefe feverai fpringi
mull naturally be no more than lukewarm. On a hill aHb about 2oco
common paces from thefe baths is the V/hite-JVell, the water in which befides
its perfe6t tranfparcntnefs is of a mod grateful tafte, but extremely
cold, and never known to freeze. Farther up the hill (land the remains
oi Karpjenßein caflle, which was demolifhed in 1443,
^"'^ together, with
the farm of the fame name, lying at the foot of this mountain, belongs to
Landeck town. The K!ew, or as it is otherwife called, cur Lady's Bath,
which has been already mentioned, is tepid, clear, and in fmcll, tal^e and
mixture, perfedlly like the capital fpring. Not far, likewife from it, at the
foot of a hill having a fmall church on its fummit, is another cold fulphureous
fpring. The old bath was purchafed by the town of Landcck in
J 572 5 and the New bath which (lands near Upper-Tkalhcim in 1735.
3. IVilbdmßhal or Ni'iißadte!, an open little town fituated on xhe Bide,
and near which formerly was a filver mine. Its firfl; name is derived from
its founder William oi Opperfdorf, but the fecond was given it in 1561 on
being made a mine town.
account of its
4. Stiff'enberg, SchreckejidorJ, Wmkddorf zw^l KwizendorJ^ all villages belonging
to Count Wallis.
5. TJtlerfdcrf, a church-village with three feats, one belonging to Count
Wallis^ the other two to the Schcnkendorf hm\\y.
6. Reycrfdorj\ a village belonging to Count Neuhauf.
7. Schonau^ a village, the proprietor of which is a Haiigivitz.
8. Old and ISJew-GerJdorf, with Bicle?idorJ, two large villages lying contiguous
to each other.
9. Co}iradfwalde, a village, belonging to a gentleman of the name oi Frolei,
and once having a caftle, which was demolifiied in 1469.
III. The diftrid of Hahelfchiverdt, containing,
1. Haielfchwerdt, formerly called Byßrzke, a fmall town but walled and
making a good appearance. This place lies on the Neyfze, which here
receives into it the rivulet of Weißriiz. Its pari(h-church belongs to the
papifts, but the Lutherans, with the garrifon, perform their worfliip in the
town-houfe.
It was once fubordinate to the palace and town of G/atz, but,
in 13 19, King Join made it a free town. In 1577 King Rodolpkus again
4 K 2 incor-

'20 G L A r Z.
incorporated it for ever with the palace of Glatz, but it has been fince feparated
from it. In 1 6 17 it purchafed of the Emperor Matthias the upper
iurifdidVion for the fcim of 3000 guilders. In 1475 and 1645 it was deftroved
by fire.
To the town belong the villages o^ O'.d-lVeißritz «nd Grottenpfuhl.
2. Plomnitz, a village fituated not far from Hahclfchwerdt, and belonging
to Count JFa //is. At this village, in 1745,
a fkirmidi happened between the
Fntjjian and Außrian forces, to the difadvantage of the latter.
3. The lordihip of M///f/TO

G L A r Z. 621
there is no going to the middle of them either on foot or in a boat. In
this diftricfl:
is
1. Rci?icrz, a fmall open town belonging to the King, and lying in a
bottom atnidit high hills. This town is noted for good cloth, but nioie fo
ftill for its plufh ; and, in the fuburb is a large paper mill, which fupplies
the King's offices and courts in Silef.a with a paper by no means inferior to
that o^ HoIIa/iJ. Rci77erz has been frequently pillaged and burnt. The
mineral fpring here is one of the heft in tiie whole county, and the town
is alfo proprietor of the village of Rohms.
2. Lewin, an open little town belonging to the King, and lying in a
This village was once a part of the lordfhip of Hummel, and on an
valley.
adjacent mountain alfo flood a caflle,
is
3. Ruckers, a village belonging to Count Harlig.
4. The villages oi Friederjdorf^ Sakijch, Gei/ei2au, &c. in the lafl; of which
a mineral fpring.
5. Kodciva, a village having a mineral water, the ftrongeft in the whole
county.
V. Wunfchelhurg diftrift, in which is the Hcufcheiine, a very high mountain,
with a wide chalm in 'the middle of it as if it had burft in twain.
This mountain ferves inftead of a weather-glafs to the whole neighbouring
countfy, who, from its appearance, form their conjeiTturcs on the change of
the weather. In this dillridt is
1. IVunJchelbiirg, in the Bohemian dialedl Hradek, a walled town belonging
to the King J
and having divers woollen manufactures, v/ith a great
thread trade. Befides its fufferingc by war, this place has been burnt down
more than once, particularly in 1545.
Belonging to it are the villages ot Scheibe and Siebenhiiben.
2. The lordfliip oi Scharfeneck, with the village of the like name, as alfo
Oberßeine, Tun tfc hendor f., Grcjifdorf ov Craynjdorf znd Albcndoyj\ in the laft
of which, is a beautiful church, containing a miraculous image, wliich attrads
to it a great refort of pilgrims. Thefe feveral places belong to the
Counts of Gejche, who have alfo fome valfals at MitielJIeine.
3. Niederjiei?ie, a village belonging to the Barons Hemm and Hemßein.
A part is likewife the property of the Hdugivitz family. In 1745 a Imart
rencounter happened here between fome rrußans and Außrians, in which
the latter were worfted.
4. Upper and Under-Rathen, together with Seibei'fdorfox Se'ff'erJdorf\ and
other villages.
VI. The Neurode diftriifl, in which is
1. Neurode, an open little town belonging to Baron Stillftied. The inhabitants
of this place fubfift chiefly by the making of cloths and fluffs,
befides which they deal alfo largely in
Inuff.
2. Lojzdorjj a village belonging to Baron Larifcb.
3. Hdiifz-

022 G La A 1 Zi.
In it
3. Haufzdorf, a village of which the Haugiviiz family are proprietors.
alfo are feme vaffals of Baron Stillfried.
4. Wolperfdorf or Velperfdorf, a village of Baron Hemm.
5. tValterfdorf znd Eckerjdorf, two villages belonging to Count Götz.
6. Schlegel, a village, the property of Baron Pilatt, and containing a coal
7. The villages of Eberfdorf, Kunzendorf, Komgfwatde, &c.
INDEX

INDEX
BUSCHING's
To the Six Volumes of
NEW GEOGRAPHY.
N. B. The Letters refer to the Volumes, and the Figures to the Pages.
A.
A, r. i. 416. ii.
396.
Aach, iv. 246.
Aakiar, i. 132.
Aakirke, i. 113.
Aalborg, i. 125, 6.
Aalborguus, i. 125.
Aalen, v. 306.
Aalheath, i. 126.
Aatholm, i.. 120.
Aalet, iv. 29^.
Aardalfwerk, i. 199.
Aardenborg, iii. 570.
Aarhuus, i. 131. 134.
Aars, i. 129.
Aarftad, i.
199.
Aaftrup, i. 125.
Aafum, i. 115.
Abach, V. 346.
Abakan, r. i. 473.
Abakanfkoi, i. 516.
Abalae, i. 507.
Abano, iii. 85,
Abafkaja, i. 507.
Abbadin, ii. 192.
Abbeville, ii. 401-.
Abdenau, v. 320.
Abdera, ii. 135.
Abenberg, v. 436.
Abenrad, 148.
Aberavon, iii. 409.
Aberbrothoc, iii. 427.
Aberdaur, iii. 422.
Aberdeen, iii. 427.
Old, iii. 428.
Aberforth, iii, 386,
Abergavenny, iii. 360.
Abernethy, iii. 42Ö.
Aberfpcrg, v. 331.
Abcrylwith, iii. 411.
AbiagrafTo, iii. 49.
Abial, ii. 206. 20.
Abingdon, iii. 290.
Abkonde, iii 529.
AblafTer-Weard, iii. 504.
Abloe, ii. i6(j.
Abo, i.
'isS-
Aboim de Nobrega, ii. 193.
Abraham's hof, ii.
^2"
Abrantes, ii. 220.
Abreiro, ii. 198.
Abron, r. ii. 543.
Abrug-Banya, ii. 82.
Abruzzo, iii. 207.
citia,
ibid.
ultra, ibid.
Abflainen, i. 561.
Abftotten, iv. 168.
Abydos, ii. 134.
Accrenza, iii. 198.
Acerno, iii. 196.
Acerra, iii. 193.
Achaia, ii. 146.
Acheron, ii. 139.
Achilleus, ii. 146.
Achim, vi. 231.
Achtkerowelen, iii.
Achmetrahet, ii. 171.
Achory, iii.
433.
Achrida, ii. 138.
Achen, vi. 183.
Acolaftre, r. ii.
543.
Cj^-j.
Acolin, ii.
543.
Acores, ii. 210.
Acous, ii. 49 1.
Acqu, ii. 483. 502.
Acqua, iii, 129.
pendente, iii. 152.
viva, ii. 204.
Acqui, iii. 38,
Acroteri, ii. 158.
Adon, iii. 325.
Acumulo, iii. 208.
Adamfheide, i. 551.
Adarboden, iii. 631.
Adare, iii.
445.
Adda, r. iii. 44.
Adenfen, vi, 298.
Aderno, iii. 214.
Adigcr, iii. 5.
Adefberg, iv. 217.
Ado, i. 318.
Adorf, i. 100. 61 r.
Ad. Fred, mine, i.
254.
Adona, i. 42.
Adonier, ii.
492.
Adria, iii. 86.
Adrianfmoiint, ii,
273.
Adrianfwall, iii. 421,
Adrianople, ii. 130.
Adulah, ii. 243.
Adzengta, ii.
299.
.ffidelfort, i. 282.
yEdeffa, ii. 138.
/Egates, iii. 217.
Älgelftavvick, iv. 322.
j5igina, ii. 150.
allien, iii. 6^^6. 7.
iEnol.i,

^nola, lil. 194.
7Erding,_v. 34.:.
JErno^ in. 796.
iEchra, r. i. 305.
vEtnac, iii. 211.
Afweftad, i. 328.
Afwiowara, i. 360.
Agde, ii. 547.
Agdenas, i. 202.
Agdc-fiden, i. 193.
Agen, ii. 496.
Ager, i. 184. ii. 302.
Aggerfliuus bis, i. 184.
CaRie, i. 185.
Aggeroe, i. igi.
Aggers, i. 184. 5.
Aggopacli, iv. 175.
Aghed, iii. 437.
Agincoiirt, ii. 402.
Agira, ii. 161.
Aglia, iii. 27.
Agmondefliam, iii.
349.
Agnadeilo, iii. 49.
Agnercins, ii. 431.
Agno, iii. 739-
Agnoree, iii. 207.
Agon, i. 332-
Agraniont, ii. 323.
/igteda, ii. 312.
Agua de pas, ii. 236.
de peixer, ii. 225.
Niveo, ii. 198.
j^guas Bellas, ii. 220.
Agueda, ii. 221.
Aguiad, ii. 209. 25.
dc foufe, ii. 194.
Agueas, ii. 224,
Aguilad, ii. 312.
Agurande, ii. 560.
Ahaulz, iv. 325.
Aliltlen, vi. 262.
Ahlein, vi. 304.
Ahlen, iv. 322.
ArenPoock, vi. 410.
Ahrweüed, iv. 563.
Aluiii, ii.
5J7.
Aiiuf, i. 303.-
Ajarah, ii. z^i.
INDEX.
Aiaccio, iii. 1 14.
Aicha, V. 334.
Aicllo, iii. 200. 20S.
Aigle, ii. 530. 537.
Aigremont, ii. .4.16.
Aigucbelle, iii. 22.
Aiguepedes, ii. ß.;^:^,
AigLies candes, ii, 491.
Aigiits mortes, ii.
479.
Aiguillon, ii. 496.
Aimargues, ii.
Aime, iii. 22,
479.
Ainling, v. 334.
Ainla, ii. 3 19.
Ainza, iii. 428.
Aiomama, ii. 137.
Air, iii. 420.
fhire of, iii. 419.
Aire, ii. 408. 501.
r. ii. 432.
Aifny Ic due, ii. 423.
Aiftie riv. ii. 409.
Aitona, ii. 322.
Aitrach, i. 267.
Aix, ii. 446.
Aix la Chapelle, v. 513.
Dam. Gilon, ii.
559.
in Savoy, iii. 22.
Akehof, i. 318.
Akeroe, i. 322.
Alaba, ii. 273.
Alaen, iv. 5^5.
Alafoens, ii. 207.
Alagnon, r. ii. 551.
Alagoa, ii. 236.
Aiagon, ii. 316.
Alaened, ii.
543.
Alajor, ii. 32S.
Alais, ii. 303. 4S0.
Aland, i. 266.
Alandroal, ii. 229.
AlapacuOioi Sawud
Alarcon, ii. 301.
Alatro, iii. 172.
Alatyr, i. 48 i.
Alba, iii. 38.
Album, ii. 139.
Albana, iii. 94.
Albano, iii. lyx.
Albarracin, ii. ^16.
Albazite, ii, 301.
A 1 beck, V. 286.
Alben, iv. 218.
Albenga, iii. io5.
Albenguc, ii.
497.
Albergana, ii. 225.
Albergaria, ibid.
de penela, ii. 193.
Albert, ii. 400.
Albi, iii. 207.
Albin, ii. 498.
Albifol, iii. J05.
Albolody, ii. 295.
Aibon, ii. 441.
Albona, iii. 54.
Albuh, ii. 500.
Albuferrje, ii. 232.
Albufera, ii. 32.
Albugnergue, iii. 278.
Albuhninha, ii. 219.
Alby, ii. 469.
Alcaca, ii. 306.
AIcacLie do Sal, ii. 222.
Alcagova, ii. 221.
Alcalade, ii. 2^.2.
Guadaria, ii. 283.
de los Gazules, ii. 288.
de Henares, ii. 307.
Alcala Real, ii. 290.
Alcames, iii. 216.
Alcanede, ii. 222,
Alcaniz, ii. 3 16.
A!cantaram,ii. 176. 278.81.
Alcaraz, ii. 30:.
Alcaudete, ii. 290.
Alcazzava, ii. 291.
Alcmina, iii. 216.
Alcoar, ii. 2 1 8.
Aicabaga, ibid.
AlcoctielJe, ii. 222.
Alcoeinre, ibid.
Alcovendas, ii. 308.
Alcontin, ii. 225.
Alcoy, ii. 298.
Alcudia, ii. 327.
Alborough, iii. 331, 38 i.
Aldea

Aldea Gallega, ii. 222;
de Meiicana, ii. 217.
Aldenator, iv. 56^.
Aldenhoven, iv. 403.
Aldeiigcn, v. 2cb'.
Alderhorn, i. 331.
Aldeney, iii. 289.
Altfchimo, ii. 161.
Alcgrate, ii. 228.
Alei, r. i. 471.
Alekfin, i.
455.
Alengor, ii. 522.
Alengiies, ii. 2 17.
Alentahen, ii.
477.
Alencejo, ii. 222.
Alefbuiy, iii. 348.
Alcfried; v. 295.
Aleflandriai iii.
^g.
Aleflandrino, ibid.
AlefTani, iii. 1 13.
Aleflano, iii. 203.
Aleffio in Hungary, ii. 106.
" in Albania, ibid.
Aleftone, iii. 392.
Alet, ii. 472.
Aletfchimo, ii. 161.
Alexander Newfki, i. 440.
Alfacqs, i. ii. 245. 321.
Altandega, ii. 198.
Alfayates, ii. 209.
AUaizerns, ii, 2; 8.
Alfeld, vi. 431.
Alfenden, ii. 31S.
Alford, iii. 27^-
Alfreton, iii.
377.
Alfter, iv. 561.
Alfwom, i. 290.
Algagiola, iii. 1 12.
Algarria, ii. 302.
Algarve, ii. 1
30.
Algaw, vi. 481.
Algemezen, ii. 278.
Algeri, iii. 42.
Algezira, vi. 287.,
Algzur, ii. 232.
Algeate, iii. 48
Algibarrota, ii. 219.
Algodra, ii. 209.
INDEX.
Algozo, ii. T99.
Alhadas, ii. 205.
Alhama, ii. 293. 316.
Alhambra, ii, 203.
Aihandra, ii. 217.
Alhanga, ii. 278.
Alios Vedros, ii. 222,
Alica, iii. 125.
Alicante, ii. 297.
Alicata, iii. 215.
Alicur, iii. 218.
Aljefur, ii. 232.
Alife, iii. 194.
Alingfahs, i. 290.
Alix, ii. 424.
Alifio, iii. 112.
AiifTone, ii. 138.
Aljubarrota, ii. 219.
Aljiifhal, ii. 226.
Alkmaad, iii. 507.
Alle, i. 529.
Allenbach, v. 82.
Allenburg, i. 548.
AllendorfF, v. 46. 6^.
Allentrop, iv. §6g.
Alleria, iii. 113.
Allerfheim, vi. 253-
Allerftein, i. 6^^.
Allftet, vi. 35.
Alleftone, iii. 392.
Allier, r. ii.
553.
Allono, i. 278.
Alloway, iii. 421.
Almaccaro, ii. 296.
Almaden, ii. 282.
Alniagro, ii. 301.
Almanza, ibid.
Almaraz, ii. 278.
Almarftak, i. 318.
Almas, ii. 72.
Almazan, ii. 310.
Almeida, ii. 201 .
9.
Almeirim, iii. 221.
Almelo, iii. 544.
Almenara, ii. 299.
Almendra, ii. 210.
Almeria, ii. 294.
Almifta, ii. 200.
4 L
Almodavad del Campo, ii.
301.
Almodovad, ii. 226.
Almonte, ii. 281.
Almudivad, ii. 318.
Almugna, ii. 316.
Almugnecad, ii. 294.
Alnwick, iii.
397.
Alpalhao, ii. 229.
Alpedrinha, ii. 211.
Alpedriz, ii. 219.
Alpen, i. 566.
Alps, iii. 4.
Alpuxarris, ii. 291."
Alroe, i. 132.
Alfatia, ii.
591.
Alfchaufer, v. 258.
Alfchvvanger, i. 662.
Alfene, i. 150.
Alsfeld, V. 64.
Alfliam, iii. 336.
Alflieda, i. 282.
Aldeben, vi. 103. 199.
Alfo—Sago, ii. 64.
Alfo— Sdany, ii.
333.
Alftatd, i. 289
Alfta—hough, i. 204.
Alfted, i. 106.
Alftonmore, iii.
399.
Alfungen, i. 305.
Allwede, iv. 355.
Alfza, ii. 169.
Altaich, v. 349.
Altala, iii. 1 14.
Altameyte, iv. 16.
Altamira, ii. 267.
Alcamura, iii. 204.
Alt—Bunziaw, iv. 72.
Altdotf, iv. 56.
Altea, ii. 298.
Alte—Land, vi. 227.
Alten, i. 211.
Altena, iii. 305. iv, 291.
Altenau, vi. 285.
Altenberg, v. 601.
Altenburg, v. 1 1 . vi. 52. 57.
Altenfahr, vi. -/ß.
—— kirchen, iv. 430.
Aken-

Altenmarkt, v. 340.
Altenlladt, v. 287.
Alccnltein, v. 206.
Alter do chao, ii. 227.
Pedrofo, ii. 22g.
Althaus, iv. 639.
Altheim, v. 241.
Altiken, iii. 606.
Akin, i.
475.
Altkirch, ii. 625.
Altclofter, vi. 210.
Altland, ii. 85.
Altmanftcin, v. 332.
Altomonte, iii. 199.
Altomunfted, v. ü^ß.
AltonjE, vi. 423.
Altorf, V. 511.
Altorft, iv. 242. 3.
Altort, iii. 652.
Altringham, iii. 384.
Altus, v. 25.
Altfohl, ii, 29.
Altftadt, i. 538.
Altftiller, iii. 61 1. 713.
Altzedlifcb, iv. 88.
Alvar, ii. 206.
Alva des Torme, ii. 276.
Alvalade, ii. 226.
Alvarenga, ii. 208.
Alvaro, li. 220.
Alvayazeie, ii. 205.
Alvenfleben, vi. 182.
Alverea, ii. 217.
Alvidon, iii. jgg.
Alvinte, ii. 82.
Alvito, ii. 225.
Alvoco, da Serra, ii. 211.
Alvor, ii. 233.
Alvormuha, ii. 219.
Alum, vi. 340.
Alutar, ii.
74.
Alwaftra, i. 278.
Alwos, ii. 47.
Aizc7, iv. 585. V. 8^.
Alzira, ii. 208.
Ama, iv. 832.
An-iark, i.
94.
Atnal, i. 296^.
INDEX.
Amalfi, iii. 196.
Amance, ii. 581.
Amantea, iii. 200.
Amaranta, ii. 192.
Amarins, ii. 431.
Amati Cartel, ii. 156.
Aniatruco, iii. 208.
Amaya, ii. 31 1.
Ambebachs, ii. 150.
Ambcrg, m. i. 274. v. 351.
Ambefreeu, ii. 431.
AmbeillDUig, iii.
279.
Ambert, ii.
554.
Amblcfide, iii. 401.
Ambletetife, ii. 403.
Amboife, ii. 562.
Amboten, i. 66y.
Ambres, ii.
470.
Ambrieres, ii.
ß^S-
Ambronay, ii. 429.
Ambrun, ii. 438.
Ameland, iii.
537.
Amelia, iii. 154. ii. 220.
Amcndoa, iii. 528.
Amerongen, ibid.
Amerfburg, iii.
279.
Amerslort, iii. 527.
Amerfliam, iii.
349.
Amerfweile, ii. 605.
Amieira, ii. 229.
Amiens, ii. 400.
Amix, ii. 489.
Ammerfweyer, ii. 604.
Ammuthal, v. 351.
Amol or the Oxufr, i.
Amoneburg, iv. 530.
Amont, ii. 608,
474.
Amorbach, iv. 529.
Amorens, ii. 157.
Amorgiis, ii.
154.
Ampfcrr, vi. 183.
Ampfing, v. 343.
Amphipoles, ii. 136.
Ampthill, iii.
343.
Ampugnans, iii. 113.
Ampurias, ii. 324.
AmFom, i. 14.1.
AmftcUend, iii.
^i-^^.
Amflenlam, iii. 490.
Amtitz, iv. 142.
Amts the Germany
Amts the Free, iii.
Amur, i. 471.
727.
Amur, r. i.
474.
Anadir, r. ibid.
Anagui, iii. 172.
Anarllapin, i. 230.
Ancaa, ii. 204.
Ancareego, ii. 317.
Ancafted, iii. 372.
Ance, ii.
549.
Anclam, vi. 86.
Ancenis, ii. 518.
Anciaens, ii. 198.
Ancias, ii. 204.
Ancifca, iii. 125.
Anclam, vi. 83.
Ancona, iii. 148.
Ancy le franc, ii. 418.
Andaja, r. ii. 308.
Andalufia, ii. 270.
Andance, ii. 482.
Andarge, r. ii.
543.
Andaye, ii. 503.
Andelle, r. ii. 524.
Andellengen, iii. 606.
Andei, ii. 527— 8.
Andtlle, ii. 521.
Andenas, i. 205.
Andernach, iv. 562.
Andiol, St. ii. 481,
Andlau, ii. 600. v. 458.
r. ii.
593.
Andora, iii. 106.
Andorne, iii. 27.
Andcrre, ii. 484.
Andover, iii. 284.
Andraig, ii. 327.
Andranum, i. 303.
Andre, ii. 405. iii. 112.
Andria, iii. 205.
Andros, ii. 150.
Andujar, ii. 290.
Anduze, ii. 480.
Anere, ii. 400.
Ancrmont, ii. 587.
A net.

_
Anef, ii. 390.
Angara, r. i.
473.
Angeln, i.
155
Angencein, v. i 5.
Angeral's, i. 529.
Angeiburg, i.
552.
Angerburg lake, ibid.
Angermanland, i.
237'
Angermund, i. ö66, iv. 408.
Angern, i. 663.
Angers, ii. 564.
Angluart, iii. 126.
Angluera, iii. 409.
Anglefea, iii. 414.
Anger, iv. 173.
Angoules, ii. 509.
Angüumois, ibid.
Angra, ii. 236.
Angretftein, iii. 744.
Angrügne, iii. 322.
Anguillaca, ii. 159.
Angfooe, i. '318.
Angus, iii. 427.
Anhalt, vi. 98.
Anhült, i- 135- iv- 495-
Anianna, ii.
477.
Aniatze, ibid.
Anjou, ii. 564.
Ankun, vi. 108.
Anniberg, v. 603.
Ann.iburg, v. 547.
Annand, iii. 419.
Annandale, ii. 419.
Annebout, ii. 529.
Annecy, iii. 21.
Annenburg, i. 664.
Annenhof, i. 430.
Annet, ii. 456.
Annezin, ii. 40S.
Annonav, ii. 482.
Ano— C jpri, iii. 192.
Anored, li. 07.
Anlede, ii. 194.
Anfemburg, iv, 2S6.
Anibuppen, i. 667.
Anftruther, iii. 422.
Anten, i. 293.
Anten, r. ii. 524.
INDEX.
Antendoa, ii. 220.
Antequera, ii. 293.
Anthiocü, iii. 42.
Antibes, ii. 454.
Antignana, iv. 219.
Ancin, ii. 507.
Antio, iii. 170.
Antiparos, i. ii. iß^.
Antipachfu, i. ii. 160.
Antipyrene, ii. 243.
Antivar, i. 139,
Antonia, iii. 66.
Antrain, ii.
545.
Antre, iii. 203.
Antrim, iii. 441.
Antwerp, iv. 273.
Anwerler, v. 43.
Anzi, iii. 199.
Aorte, ii. 502.
Aofta, iii 26.
Apatalva, ii. 80.
Apifalva, ibid.
Apalhoa, ii. 228.
Apanormia, ii. 158.
Apati, ii. 66.
Apen. iv. 445.
Apenburg, v. 647.
Apenna, 1. 148.
Apcfhill, ii. 282.
Apoegny, ii. 427.
A polt, vi. 30.
Apüuls, ii. 487.
Appennine nills, iii. 4.
Appenzell, iii. 694. 8.
Appeville, ii. 527.
Appleby, lü. 400.
Appledore, iii. 304.
Apremont, ii. 589.
Aps, ii. 481.
Apt, ii.
457.
Apulia, iii 202.
Aquallü, iii. 1 12.
Aquaria, iii. 63.
Aquila, iii 208.
Aquila del Ccimpo, ii. 511.
Aquileia, iv. 225.
Aquno, jii.
1^,4.
ArabaCj ii. 172.
Arabar, ii. 46.
Arad, ii. 71.
Aragon, ii. 314.
r. ibid.
Aragona, iii. 216.
Aral, r. i. 474.
Aramond, ii. 480.
Aranas, i. 292.
Aranecy, ii.
577.
Aranda de Duuro, ii. 310.
Aranjuez, ii. 307.
Aranyas, ii. 84.
Aranyos, ii.
34.
Medyco, ii. 69.
Aranyvar, ii. 83.
Arau, iii. 643.
Arauco, ii. 267.
Arbe, ii. 102.
Arbeion, ii. ^89.
Arberg, iii, 616.
Arbüga, i. 324.
Arbuis, ii. 609.
Arbon, iii. 704.
Arburg, iii. 623.
Arbuthen, iii. 427.
Are, r. iii. 17.
Arcen Barois, ii 423.
Areade, ii. 156.
Arcadia, ii. 146.
Arch, iv. 236.
Archangel, i. 446.
Arches, ii. 582.
Archidcna, ii 290.
Archinte, iii. .^9.
Archipelago, ii. 147.'
Arcis, ii. 4 1.
Arcos, ii. 208. 84. 310.
de Valdevez, ii. 1931
Arcneil, ii. 38.'..
Ardagh, iii.
439.
Ardangf-r, iv. iö8.
Ardea, 111 171.
Ardes, ii.
554.
Ardfeair, in. 445.
Ardmeanacl:, iii. 429.
Ardres, ii. 404.
Ardrolee, iii. 4jO.
Ards, iii, 44t,
Areba-

Arebalillo, r. ii. 308.
Arega, ii 220.
Aregno, iii, 1 12.
Aregos, ii. 208.
Aremberg, iv. 588.
Arena, iii. 201.
Arenboiit capel capelle, ii.
Arendfus, v. 644.
Arcns, i. 159.
Arenfbcrg, iv. 5^9.
Arenoburg, iv. 436.
Arenfvvald, vi. 13.
Arentin, ii. 196.
Arevale, ii. 309.
Arezzo, iii. 125,
Artwidjaur, i. 358.
Arga, r. ii. 312.
Arganil, ii. 201,
Arganta, ii. 307.
Argen, v. 265.
Argcnies, ii. 530.
Argenta, r. ii. 130.
Argentcn, ii. 533—60.
Argental, ii. 556.
Argenthal, v. 28.
Argentiere, ü. 152.
•
ii. 4S2.
Argentine, iii. 22.
Argenton, ii. 515.
Argonne, ii. 414.
Argüs. ii. 145.
Argoftoli, ii. 15.
Argun, r. i. 474.
Argunok, i. 521.
Argylefhire, iii. 424,
Ariano, iii. 142.
Arienzo, iii. i
93.
Arieplog, i. 358.
Ariola, iii. 197.
Aris, i. 564.
Ariza, vi. 3 16.
Arklow, iii. 436.
Arias, ii. 448.— 87.
Arlafberg, v. 361.
Arlberg, iv. 239.
Arlflieim, v. 15.
Arion, iv. 282.
INDEX.
Armagh, iii. 440.
Armagna; lower, ii. 302.
upper, ii.
303,
Armamad, ii. 208.
Armancon, r. ii. 420.
Armantieres, ii. 560.
Armanthog, ii. i-^^.
Armira, ii. 142.
Armory, iii. 445.
Armflor, v. 344.
Arna, ii. 1 50.
Arnaii, iv. 75.
Arnay le Due, ii. 425.
Arndal, i. 193.
Arneburg, v. 645.
Arnemeeiden, iii. 518.
Arnes, i 228.
Arnhem, iii. 481.
Amis, i. 104.
Arno, r. iii. 1 19.
iii. 5.
Arnognes les, ii.
544.
Arnuennes, iv. 271.
Arnov, i. 318.
Arnfburg, vi. 125.
Arnfhaufen, vi.

A no, i. 1S4,
Af/nin, i. 131.
Afora, iii. go.
Afolo, iii. 92,
Afoph, i. 466. 7.
Afparn, iv. 178.
Afpe, ii. 297. 491.
Afpenas, i. 324.
Afperen, iii. 504.
Afpeytia, ii. 272.
Afpoe, i. 307.
Aipres Ics Bayne?, ii.
434,
Alpronizi, ii. 158.
Aflay, ii.
gßß.
Afleburg, vi. 13S.
Aflen, iii. 552.
AfTenheim, v. 108. 116.
Afienide, iii. 572.
Aflens, i. 119.
Aflerige, iii. 20S.
Afllnara. iii. 42.
AfTifio, iii. 153.
Aflb, ii. 159.
AfTumar, vi. 22S.
Aft-ar, ii. 269.
Aftarac, ii. 505,
Aftir, iii. 36.
Afton, iii. 291.
Aftorgo, ii. 274.
Aftrachan, i.
477;
Aftuca, r. ii. 274.
•
iii. 170.
Aftura de Ovideo, ii.
—-de fantelana, ii. 2Ö9.
Afturias, ii. 208.
Akinda, i. 290.
Afzalo, ii. 65.
Afzinceria, ii. 220.
Afzod, ii. 40.
Atalaya, ii. 212.
Atayada, r. ii. 308.
Ateca, ii. 316.
Atei, ii. 192.
Ath, iv. 305.
Athboy, iii. 438.
Athdera, iii.
445.
Athena, iii. 197.
Athens, ii. 44^.
Athenflebcn, vi. 181.
268'.
INDEX.
Aihenica, iii. 444.
Atherdee, iii. 440.
Atherfbon, iii. 364.
Athlone, iii.
443.
Athol, iii. 426.
Achos, m. ii. i^C.
Athy, iii. 438.
Atienca, ii. 309.
At!imfl

Aufcna, ii. 26S.
Aufon, li. 554.
AufTonne, ii. 422.
AiifTu, iv. 197.
Auflow, iv. 105.
Aufti, iv. 93.
Ai-ftiia, iv. 145.
Upper, iv. 175.
Lower, iv. 159.
Authic, r. ii. 39«*.
Auton, ii. 541.
Autun, ii. 425.
Autunois, ibid.
Autz, i. 664.
Auvedo, ii. 569.
Auvergne, ii. 550.
upper, ii. 551.
lower, ii. 552.
Auw, iii. 729
Auxerre, ii. 423.
Auxerrois, ibid.
Auxfis, ii. 424.
Auxonne, ii. 422.
Aweyden, i.
553.
Awrud, ii. 82.
Axeb., iii. 572.
Axewa], i. 291.
Axholen, iii.
SJ^.
Axiopoli, ii. 127.
Axminfter, iii. 263.
Axfberg, i. 323.
Axtoen, i. 305.
Ay,
Aynionre, ii. 281.
Aye, iii. 330.
Ayent, iii.
799.
Ayerve, ii. 31S.
Ayeta, iii. 199.
Ayora, ii. 29b'.
Ay mouth, iii. 416.
Ayflingeii, v. iü8.
Ay ton, iii. 416.
Azambeya, li. 222,
Azambujeira, ibid.
Azcitas, ii. 223.
Azeite, ii. 210.
Azcre, ii. 207.
Aztrquc, r. ii. 547.
INDEX.
Azivedo, ii. 192.
Azincourt, ii. 402.
Azores, i. ii. 235.
Aznagna", ii. 280.
Azurara, ii. 207.
B,
Aaden, v. 217.
B
Baalfruzer, i. 245.
Baar, v. 262.
Baarderadeel, iii. 538»
Baarfa, i. 1 lo.
Baafeland, i.
193.
Baatrendar, i. 229.
Bibadagi, ii. 225.
Babaran, iii. 89.
Babafzeck, 2. 31.
Baben, v. 107.
Baben häufen, v. 276..
Eabenthal, ii. 600.
Baboefa, ii. 50.
Babotfa, ibid.
Bacano, iii. 158.
Bacara, ii.
576.
Bacardo, in. 106.
B.icharach, iv. 5S8.
Bachmonoftra, ii. 43.
Bachmut, i. 467.
Bachta, r. i.
473.
Backnang, v. 190.
Bacs falva, ii. 23.
Badajoz, ii. 179.
Badelona, ii. 323.
Badelundfahs, i. 325.
Baden, iii. 722. 79S.
Badenoch, iii. 429.
Badflad, i. 304.
Baeza, ii. 290.
Bafwen, i. i. 319.
Baffin bay, i. 245.
Baga, ii. 325.
Baglio, iii. 19S.
Bagnaca, iii. 157.
Bagnafco, iii. 36.
Bagneres, ii. 507.
Bagnie, iii. 21 7.
Bagnolar, ii. 324.
Bagnolüt, iii. 197.
Bagnols, ii. 480.
Bagorara, iii. 201.
Bagyon, ii. 84.
Bähungen, v. 202.
Bahn, vi. 88.
Bahrenburg, iv. 480.
Baja in Hungary, ii. 43.
in Wallachia, ii. 164.
Bajby, i. 324.
Baigori, ii. 489.
Baikal, i. 423.
Bailleul, ii. 568.
Baindy, v. 257.
Bakeley, iii. 304.
Bakewell, iii.
377.
Bakkelandet, i. 203.
BakoBanya, ii. 35.
Bakmonoftra, ii. 90.
Bakow, ii. 164.
Baktfchifarai, iii. 171.
Bala, iii. 412.
Balachna, i.
457.
Balaganflcoi, i. 5.19.
Balagna, i.
457. iii. H2*
Balaguer, ii. 322.
Balaklava, ii. 172.
Balarue, ii. 477.
Balasfalva, ii. 82.
Balaffa Gyarmath, ii. 38»
Balaton, ii. 50.
Balbiac, ii. 482.
Balbron, ii. 601.
Baleuri, iii. 414.
Baldern, v. 361.
Baldo Monte, iii. 86.
Baldock, iii. 344.
Baldonen, i. 064.
Baldotz, ii.
59.
Baldrai, ii. 193.
Balearic iflands, ii. 325.
Balgao, i.
549.
Balgony, iii. 422.
Balinetur, iii. 436.
Balinghem, ii^ 405.
Ballageen, iii. 436.
Ballek, iii.
443.
Ballenftadt, vi. 104.
Ballenllein, ii. 22.
ii. 4H-
Ballia-

Ballladom, lii. 438.
Balliboy, ibid.
Ballebrit, ibid.
Ballicora, iii.
445.
Bailie, iii. 441.
Bailimore, iii. 438. 43.
Ballinanen, iii.
443.
Bailinekil, iii. 438.
Ballinitur, iii. 436.
Ballifliannon, iii. 442,
Ballon, ii.
535.
Balme la, iii. 21.
Balna, ii. 48.
Balon, h. ii. 592.
Balrudery, iii.
435.
Balflar, vi 14,
Baltilimani, ii.
i^^.
Balcor, ii. 194.
Baltimore, iii, 44^.
Baltinglas, iii. 436.
Balve, iv. 570.
Balveny, iii.- 428.
Ealwhidder, iii. 427.
Bamberg, v. 391. 2.
Bamble, i. 187.
Bamburg-New, iv. 530.
Bamft, iii. 428.
Bampcon, iii. 261. 354.
Eanatur, iii. 438.
Banbury, iii.
354,
Bandeira, ii. 231,
Bandedorf, i. 166.
Bandonbridge, iii. 4.4.6.
Bancino, ii 432.
Bangor, ii. 522. iii. 413. 441.
Banho, ii. 206.
Banixlucka, ii. 121.
Baiinabet, iii.
438.
Banne, iii.
437.
Banftead, iii.
297.
Bantein, vi. 312.
Baniri, iii. 436.
Bantry, iii.
445.
Banzlo, vi. 377.
Bapaume, ii. 407.
Baquaville, ii. 526.
Bar, ii. 21 . iii. 665.
Sur Aube, ii. 41 -.
INDEX.
le Due, ii. 588.
in Alfatia, ii. 506.
Sur Seine, ii. 423.
Barabiraro, iii.
49.
Baraga), ii. 210.
Baracan, ii.
47.
Baradeel, iii.
ß^y.
Barave, ii.
477.
Barbacona, ii. 228.
Barbagio, iii. 1 12.
Barbantane, ii. 450.
Barbaran, iii. 89.
Barbaflre, ii. 516.
Barballes, ii. 318.
Barbate, ii. 287.
Barbazan, ii. 505.
Barbencon, iv. 305.
Barbcrino, iii. 126.
Barbern, i. 66ß.
Barbefieux, ii. 508.
Barbofa, ii. 194.
Barcellos, ii. 195.
Barcelona, ii. 323.
Barcelonetta, ii. 458.
Barcos, ii. 208.
Bardaftrandar, i. 230.
Bardewick, vi. 248. ^2'
Bardi, iii.
ßg.
Bardo, iii. 27.
Bardnache, iii. 34.
Bardorf, vi 345.
Barduts, ii. 72.
Bareboe, i. 129.
Baredge, ii. 507.
Bareme, ii. 456.
Barenftein, v. 574.
Barel'und, i. 276.
B.Trfleur, ii. 531.
Barg3, iii. 126.
B.irge, iii. 1 13.
Bargemoz, ii.
453.
Bargeny, iii. 420.
Birgey, iii. 436.
Bargi, iii. 141.
Bargon, iii. 104.
Bargufin, r. i. 423.
Barguzinfkoi, i. 521.
Bari, iii. 204»
Barjac. ii. 480.
Barilie, iii. 198.
Barilles, ii. 484.
Barillowitz, ii.
93.
Bariol, 1 ..
Barjoux, ^
Barkhamftead, iii.
347.
Barking, iii. 324.
Barletta, iii. 205.
Barmftedt, vi. 454.
Barnes, iii. 322.
Barnfley, iii.
387.
Barnftable, iii. 260.
Barnftorf, iv. 486.
Barnet, iii. 346.
Baronies, ii.
439.
Baroufle, ii. 503.
Barquieros, ii. 208.
Barraba, i. 508.
Barrafraca, iii. 215.
Barreaux, ii
437.
Barreiro, ii. 222.
Barreieo, ii. 223.
Barrentrup, iv. 453.
Barret, iii.
445.
Barrimore, ibid.
Barrois, ii. 586.
Barfums, ii. 36.
Barte, ii. 503.
Barten, i.
551.
Bartenland, i. 0,26.
Bartenftein, i. 550.
Barcfelds, ii. 6q.
Barcli, vi. 78.
Bartien, vi. g^-
Barumt, i. 185.
Baruth, iv. 133. v. 549.
Barwald,i.649.ii. 10. vi. 93.
Bas, ii. 523.
Bafadois, ii. 500.
Bafartl'c heek, ii. 1Ä9.
Bafas, ii. 500.
Bafcara, ii. 324.
Bafel, V. 13. lii. 6y2-
Baiendingen, iii. 710.
Bafilicata, iii. 19S.
Bafiiipotam, r. ii. 144.
Eafiluzo, i. iii. 2 iS.
Bafochej

Bafoche, ii. 541.
Bafs, iii. 417. 434.
i. ii. 522.
B.inano, iii. 92.
Bafil-, vi. 202.
BaÜVc, ii. 56«.
Baflcrftoff, iii. 604.
Baffigni, ii. 587.
BafTigny, ii. 416. 587.
Badia, iii. 63. 1 12.
Baftiada, ii. 3 12.
Badide de Clarenee, ii. 489.
de Seron, ii. 483.
Bartogne, iv. 282.
Bata, ii.
49.
Batalha, ii. 218.
Batan, ii. 3 13.
Batenburg, iii.
474.
Bath, iii. 271.
Bathmunller, ii. 43.
Bathor, ii. 69.
Batie, ii. 431.
Batis falva, li.
57.
Bacorkefzy, ii. 47.
Bats, ii.
43.
Battaglia, iii. 85.
Battenberg, v. 68.
Battea, iii. 302.
Batterfea, iii. 322.
Baturine, i. 461.
Bavaria, v. 312. 322.
Baudis, vi, 561.
Bauer Witz, vi. 600.
Bavey, ii. 570.
Baula, iii. 191.
Baumberg, v. 29.
Baumes, ii. 439.
Baumgarten, ii. 600.
Baunach, v. 396. vi. 502.
Baune, v. 43.
Bautry, iii. 436. 445.
Bauflc, i. 665.
Bauvillers, ii. 6og,
Baux, ii. 449.
Bay of Glenkice, iii. 419.
of l.ochleven, iii. 425.
of L'jchrain, iii. 419.
le Grand, ? ••
. ' S II. 520.
,
ie peat, ^ ^
INDEX.
Bayas, ii. 194.
Bayerfdorf, v. 421.
Bayeux, ii. 530.
Bayna, ii. 24.
Bayona, ii. 265.
Bayonne, ii. 502.
Bayreuth, v. 419.
Baza, ii. 295.
Bazoche, li. 395.
Bazois, ii.
545.
Beaconstield, iii. 349.
Bear, ii. 445.
Beam, ii. 490.
Beaucaire, ii. 479.
B auce, ii. 540.
Beaufort, ii. 438. 565. iii. 22.
iv. 308.
• Montmorenci, ii. 411.
Beauge, ii. 428.
SurleCoilnon, ii. 565.
—— le
Vieux, ibid.
Beaugeney, ii.
539.
Btaujeu, ii. 550.
Beaujok-is,
ibid.
Beaulieujii 55'5. 63. iii. 325.
Beaumaris, iii.. 414.
Beaumeles Nonnes, ii. 608.
Beaumont, ii. 414. 96. 504.
iv. 305.
en Auge, ii. 530.
]e Roger, ibid.
]e Vicomte, ii.
^25'
Beaune, ii. 422.
Beaupre, ii. 582.
Beaupreau, ii. ^66.
B.^auguefnes, ii. 407.
Beauregard, ii. 431.
Beaurepain, ii. 441.
Beaurevoin, ii.
399.
Bcaufent, ii. 507.
Beauile, ii, e^-^j.
Beauvais, ii. 388.
Beauvoir, ii. 439.
Beauvoifin, iii. 21.
B^;c, ii.
529.
de Riufux, ii.
BeccieSj iii.
333.
Becede, ii. 471.
^^S'
Bcchburg, iii. 6P9.
Bechhofen, v, 446.
Bechin, iv. 81.
Bechtulflicim, vi. 507.,
Bechyny, iv. 82.
Bscketfeiba, ii. 21.
Beckingham, iii.
372.
Beckum, iv. 318.
Bedal, iii.
391.
B'darieds, ii. 460.
B^^'^urg, iv. 564.
Bedtrkefa, vi. 225.
B'-d(ordfl:ire, iii.
343.
Btdiford, iii. 260.
B tika, ii. 122.
Bedouin, ii. 460,
Bedwin, iii.
279.
Bcedenbuftel, vi. 2^9,
Beelike, iv. 560.
Bt-'enfter, iii. 512.
BteraKlon, iii. 258.
Brtft, iii.
476.
Befefkas, v. 680.
Behly, li. ,86.
Beja, ii. 225.
B jar, ii.
277.
Belebungen, v.
ßc^j,
B-iinaricüz, v. 434.
Beilllein, iv. 416. 590. v.
59- 191-
Beina, i. 188.
B-'inheim, v. 21S.
Bcinweil, iii. 690.
Beira, ii. 202.
Bekes, ii.
71.
Btia, i. 603.
B^la Banya, ii. 305.
B-lbtuf, ii. 527.
B-claftro, iii. 2CO.
Belchite, ii.
3 15.
B-lem, ii. 219.
B;Ha(5t, iii. 4_i.i.
Belferte, iii. J51.
B'lgarde, vi. 90.
Belgern, v. 581.
Bfigradc, ii. 122.
Belgrade, iii. ^7.
Belicls, r. iii. 211.
Belitz,

Belitz, V. 676.
IJella, iii. 198.
Bellac, ii.
SSI-
Bellante, iii. 208.
Bellas, ii. 216.
Belleben, vi. 200..
Belligarde, ii. 422. '^j. SS7-
Belie-iße, ii. 522.
Bellelay, v. 14.
Bellenz, iii. 736.
Bellernieim, v. 114.
Bellefme, ii. 537.
BeHeftac, ii. 472.
Belleville, ii. 550.
Belley, ii. 428.
Bellingworderzyl, iii. 551.
Bellmont, iii. 625.
Belluno, iii. 92.
Belmont, ii. 499. iii. 21.
Belmonte, ii. 211. iii, 200.
Belofere,
i.^445.
Belpuet, ii. 322.
Belrain, ii.
s^S-
Belikoi, i. 519.
Bth great, i. 6^.
Little, i. 105.
Beltingham, iii.
397.
Belturbet, iii.
439.
Belvedere, iii. 149.
Belver, ii. 22,
Belvis, ii. 277.
Beliim, vi. 226.
Belvoin, ii. 608.
Belz, i. 607.
Belzig, V. 547.
Bempofta, ii. 2CO. I2.
Bern Viver, ii. 194.
Benabarri, ii. 3 19.
Benatek, iv. 72.
Benavente, ii, 275.
Bitnaventi, ii. 229.
Benavilla, ibid.
Bender, ii. 168.
Btndorff, iv. 431.
Bene, iii. 30.
Benefchau, vi. 599.
BeneUbvv, iv, 80, 93.
Benevent, iii.
173.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Benevento, iii. 1 74,
Bcnfeld, ii. 598.
Benflect, iii. 234.
Benikovah, ii. 27.
Bennekcnftein, iv. 169. 70.
Bennftedr, vi. 13S.
Benfen, iv. 93.
Benfliiem, iv. 530.
Benthiem, iv. 455. 459.
Bentinan, i. 551.
Bentivoglio, iii. 141.
Benunhen Great, i. 551.
lättle, ibid.
Benya, ii. 61.
S^y.
Ber, iii,
BeraLin, i. 106.
Berchem, iv. 404.
Berching, v, 434,
BerchtoldfdorfF, iv. 165.
Berchtolfgaden, v. 372.
Berdoues, ii. 505.
Berducous, i. 613.
Bere, iii. 266.
Berefiordur, i. 228.
Beregh Szas, ii. 66,
Berenrode, vi. 142.
Berentfch, ii. 26.
Berefow, i. 510.
Berethalom, ii. 85.
Berettyo, ii. 470.
Beretzhaiifin, v. 361.
Beretzk, ii. 26.
Bereza, i, 621.
Berg, iv. 406.
Berga, i. 16, ii. 323. v, 617.
Bergamazkaja, i. 508.
Bergamo, iii. 40.
Bergafes, ii. i 30.
Bergatruether, iv. 243.
Bergbietheim, ii. 598.
Berge, vi. 185,
Bergedorf, vi. 457.
Bergen, i. 198. v. 105. vi,
73. 268.
Bergen on der Dumone, vi.
257-
Bergen op Zoom, üi.
Bergenhuns, i.
197.
4 N
^6^.
Bergerae, ii.
495.
Berggicfzhubci, v. 574.-
Berghum, v. 100.
Bcrg-Tonna, vi. 51.
Bcrgues, ii. 565.
Berik, ii.
794.
Beringe], ii. 225.
Beringen, iii. 6()2.
Berka, vi. 28. 3*,
Berkhcim, ii. 603,
Berkfliire, iii. 290.
Berkley, iii. 358.
Berlafruet, v. ^yo.
Berleburg, v. 137.
Berlin, v. 662.
Berlinchen, vi. 10.
Berlinga, iv. 312.
Beringo, ii. 271.
Bern, iii. 616.
Berna, i. 6^.
Bernardice, iv. 88,
Bernards Caftle, iii,
^gS'
Bernau, v. 353.
Bernay, ii, 529,
Bernburg, vi, 103,
Berncaltle, iv. 549,
Berneck, v. 425.
Bernene, ii. 519.
Bernerie, ibid.
Berno, v. 6i).
Bernfladt, iv, 131, vi. 577.
Bernftein, vi, 13. SS.
Bernftorf, vi. 444.
Berolzheim, v. 445.
Berquara, i. 283.
Berreo, v. 447.
Berry, ii. 558.
upper, ibid.
lower, ii.
ss9-
Berfchetz, iv. 219.
Berfello, iii. 64.
Berfenberg, ii,
34.
Berftadc, iv. 105. v. 66.
Berwald, i. 602.
Berwick, iii.
397.
Shire of, iii. 416,
North, iii, 417.
Berfaden, ii, 64.
Befan-

B.fancon, ii. 607.
Beibres, r. ii.
5^3.
Bcfed, r. ii. 432.
Befecktafch, ii. 133.
Befor, r. ii. 320.
Befgrabia, ii. 165.
Belaftade, r, i. 229.
EefegliciiT), V. 206.
B nin, ii. 530.
BcReirc-s, ii. 207.
BcRerze, ii. 85.
Betalne, ii. 218,
Bethlehem ialva, ii.
59.
Bethlen, ii. 80.
Bsthune, ii. 408.
Bctiley, ii. 385.
Betlcy, iii. 378.
Betfe, ii. 44.
Betikow, ii. 26.
Betunzos, ii. 266.
Betiiwe, i;i. 474.
Betzendorf, v. 646.
Bevagna, iii. 153.
Beveland, iii. 519.— 20.
Bevenfen, vi. 238.
Bevergern, iv. 327.
Beverley, iii. 389.
Bevern, vi. 253.
Beverfled, vi. 233.
Beverungen, iv. 318.
Bevervvik, iii. 509.
Bevieux, iii. ß^y.
Bt;unterflieim, v. y.
Beuthen, vi. 38.
Beuveray, ii. 428.
Bevvald, ii. 592.
Bewdley, .iii. ^ö^-
Beyenflath, vi. 406.
Beyfieet, iii. 824.
Bcziers, ii. 474.
Bi, r. i. 471.
Biala, i. 564
Bialaciikiew, i. 61 1.
Bialla, i. 621.
Bialykaimien, i. 609.
Bialiftok, i. 606.
Bkuku, iii. 106. 201.
Biai'j ii. 29S.
INDEX.
Biarnafiag, h. i. 227.
Biben, iv. 219.
Biber, iv. 526.
Biberach, v. 229.
Biberbach, v. 273.
Biberfberg, ii. 20.
Biberftein, iii. 622. v. 20.
Bibicna, iii. 126.
Bibra, v.
ßi^j.
Biby, i. 321.
Bicefter, iii. 253'
Biceftre, ii. 376.
Bicoca, iii. 46.
Bidaches, ii. 503.
Bidafoa, r. ii. 272.
Biddiford, iii. 260.
Bidin, ii i 26.
Bidifans, iii. 66.
Bidoux, ii. 4S9.
Bidfchof, iv. 74.
Bieber, v. 107.
Biccz, i. 602.
Biedburg, iv. 2S3.
Biedenkopfs, v. 67.
Biehleukow, i. 1 1 x.
Biel, iii. 752. 815. v. 15.
Biela, iii. 27.
Bieland, i. J94-
Bielefeld, iv. 469.
Bieiew, i. 465.
Bielgorod, ii. 168.
Bielika, i. 618.
Bielogorod, i. 458.
Bielojar, i. 481.
Biclojarfkaja, i. 5I4.
Biclokolflc, i. 466.
Bielofero, i. 445.
Biellcz, i. 606.
Bielfii,
ibid.
Bielrtein, ii. 603.
Biencnbaccel, v:. 253.
Bierbeck, iv, 264.
Bierge, i. 133.
Bielenthal, v. 670.
Birlme, iv. 308.
Bictherthal, iii. 674.
Bietigheim, v. 202.
Bigglefwade, iii.
343.
Bigorns, iii. 1 12.
Bigorra, ii. 506.
Biher, ii. 70.
Bikatunfkaja, i. 515.
Bikopftorb, i. 305.
Bilbao, ii. 270.
Bilderlah, vi.
433.
Bildefton, iii. 328.
Bilham, iii. 389.
Eilen, iv. 94.
Billarfk, i. 481.
Billericay, iii. 324.
Billicowen, iii. 438.
Billigkeim, iv. 584.
Billingfors, i. 296.
Billingham, iii.
397.
Bilii.fden, iii. 370.
Billon, ii.
554.
Billy, ii.
545.
Bilt, iii.
537.
Bina, iii. 51.
Binafco, iii.
49.
Binbroke, iii. 372.
Bingen, iv. 531.
Bingenheim, v. 6ß.
Bingham, iii. 376.
Binnenland, i. 295.
Bints, ii. 82.
Bionville, ii. 575.
Biorkedal, i. 200.
Biorco, i. 315.
Biorkholm, i. 340.
Biorncborg^ i. 363.
Biornfliolm, i. 128.
Bipp, iii. 624.
Bierfleet, iii. 571.
Bieig; i. 114.-
Bir, iii. 438.
Birkenfeld, v. 82.
Birmenftorf, iii. 601.
Birmingham, iii. 363.
Birr, iii. b^l-
Birfe, iii. 427.
Birfek, iii. 427.
BiiTingen, ii. 606.
Birftein, v. 120.
Birze, i.
6ic,
Bifaccio, iii. 198.
Blfam,

Bifam, iii. 474.'
Bifcari, iii. 215.
Bifcay, ii. 270.
Bifchburg, i. 653.
Bifchmarc, i. 638.
Bifchofsack, iv. 211.
Bifchuflburg, i. 653.
Bifchofs or Bifchdorf, ii. 21.
Bifchofflheim, iv. 529.
Bil'chofsee, vi, iß.
Bilchorfheim,ii.598. v. 105.
405.
Bifchofltein, i. 6^^.
Bifchofswerda, v.
ß-j'y.
Bifchofszell, iii. 704.
Bifchweiler, v. 82.
Bifeglia, iii. 205.
Bifentino, iii. 156.
Bifentis, iii. 156.
Bifcrt, i. 4,80.
Bifhop, iii. 345.
BiQiopanckland, iii,
^^ß.
—^— caftle, iii. 304.
Bifliop Stortford, iii.
345.
Bifignano, iii. 199'
Bifmaik, v. 648.
Biffendorf, vi. 266.
Bifiiy, iv, 76.
Bitello, iii. 204.
Bitonto, iii. 204.
Eiefch, ii. 585.
Bitteri'eld, v. 550.
Biugnen, i. 202.
Bivona, iii, 216.
Blach, iv. i 86.
Blackburn, iii. 403.
Blackgierd, i. 190.
Blackheatli, iii. 311.
Blacknefs, iii. 41 8.
Bladiau, i.
549.
Blagai, ii. 94.
Blagodat, i. 502.
Blair, iii. 426.
Blaiibis, ii. 541.
Blamont, ii. 584.
Blane, ii, 560,
Blanda, i. 225,
Blandlbrd, iii. 268.
INDEX.
Blanes, ii.
324.
Biankenberg, iv. 409.
Blankenbuy-g, vi, 123, 451.
Blankenhayn, vi, 60,
Blankenheim, iv. 499. v, 98.
Blankenftein, iv,
^g^.
Blanzac, ii, 18, 510.
Blalendorf, ii, 82.
Blaferk, ii. 241.
Blafii Zclia, vi, 49.
Blatna, iv. 8ß.
Blatnitza, ii, 29.
Blaubeurem, v. 202;
Blaye, ii,
494,
Blechingley, iii, 298.
Bleckingcn, i, 2 So.
Bledes, ii, 32S.
Biegen, i.
2 So.
Bieichenrode, vi. 169.
Bleidenftadc, v. g^.
Blekede, vi, 224,
Bleneaii, ii.
543.
Blenheim, v. 360,
Blerencourt, ii. 386.
Bleie, ii. 562.
Blefen, i.
589.
Bleffington, iii, 436.
Bleterans, ii, 523.
BlieicaftelJ, vi. 507.
Blith, iii,
374,
Blockhüuie, iii. 285.
Blois, ii. 541.
Blokzyl, iii, 546.
Blomberg, iv, 452.
Blomeholm, i. 298.
Blonfl

Boleraz, ii. 20.
Eolingbroke, iii. 372.
Bolkenhayn, vi. ß^.
Boll, iii. 684,
Bolleilleben, i. 14S.
Boiling, i. 137.
Bollirigen, v. 165.
Bologna, iii. i:jo.
Bolfcheretzkoi, i. 523.
Bolfena, iii. 156.
Bolfwerd, iii.
534.
Bolton, iii. 403.
Bolwigfwerk, i. 1S8.
Bommel, iii.
473.
Bonaduz, iii. 764.
Bonafcola, iii. 104.
Bondorf, v. 279.
Bonifacio, iii. 114.
Bonigfen, vi. 299.
BoningLie, ii. 405.
Bonn, iv. 561.
Bonne, iii. 20.
Bonneüable, ii.
ß^ß.
Bonneval, ii. 540.
Bonne Ville, iii. 20. 815.
Bonnegheim, iv. 529.
Bons, iii. 20.
Bonzyda, ii. 80.
Eoog, i. 112. 119.
Booner Schanze, iii.
551.
Boos, ii. 21.
Boofz, V. 576.
Bopfingen, v. 306.
Boppard, iv. 555.
Boiaks, i. 290.
Boraw, vi. 538.
Borba, ii. 227.
Borberek, ii. 82.
Boiby, i. 165.
Borchholz, iv. 317.
Bcrchorfl:, iv. 326.
Bordeguera, iii. 106.
Bordelum, i. 155.
Bordefliolm, vi. 412.
Bordoe, i. i. 213.
Boreham, iii. 325.
Borekne, i. 294,
Borek, iv. §0.
INDEX.
Boren, i. 165.
Bofch, iv. 243.
Borga, i. 284.
Bofco, iii.
39.
Borgarfiardar, i. 230. Bofen, i.
ßß^.
Borgberg, i. 318.
Bülharfton meer, iii. 408.
Borgenryck, iv. 317.
Bofna, r. ii. 124.
Borgetto, iii. 58.
Bolhia, ibid.
Borghecco, iii. 156.
Bofliney, iii.
257.
Bürgholm, i. 284.
Bofton, iii, 372.
Borgia, iii. 151.
Bofworth, iii. 2

.
Brcfcia,
Bourdelcis, ii, 492.
Bourg, ii. 414. 27. 94.
d'yVult, ii. 402.
Theroude, ii. 529.
Bourses, ii. 558.
Bourget, ii. 558.
Bourgneul', ii. ßiy.
Boui-moLinr, ii. 587.
Bourne, iii. 971.
iii. 2 r.
BoLirniquel, ii. 498.
Bournonville, ii. 403.
Boiiro, ii. 193.
Bouriy Loiiveral, ii. 407.
Bourfdng, iii. 550.
Boufchet, ii. 461.
BoufTac, ii. 560.
Boutonne, r. ii. 50S.
Bouvigni, iv. 308.
Bouvils, iii. 23-
Boiivires, ii. 568.
Bouzcnvilie, ii. 583.
Bowe, iii. ?6i.
Bowes, iii 392.
Boxberg, iv. 583.
Bojlach, iii. 442.
BoyJe, iii. 443.
Boyne, r. iii. 428.
Boytzenburg, vi. 5.
Bozen, iv. 235.
B zenti.i, i. 605.
Bozin, ii. 19.
Bozio, iii. 1 13.
Bozok, ii. 36.
Bozzolo, iii. 60.
Braawicken, i. 275.
Brabanderkoeg, i. 157.
Brabaiit, iv. 261.
B.''aborg, i. 276.
Bracciano, iii. 159.
Bracciodi Mania, ii. 145.
Brachwitz, vi. 198.
Brackenberg, vi. 324,
Brackenheim, v. 194.
Brackley, iii. 366.
Brackne-Aarad, i. 308.
Braclaw, i. 611.
Bracons, ii. 608.
Brad, ii. 82.
Bradcnftein, v. 107.
INDEX.
Bradford, iii. 277. 384.
Bradfbcrg, i. 187--8.
Urac of IXIar, iii. 427.
of Murray, iii. 429.
Braga, ii. 196. '
Jjraganza, ii. 200.
Bragnas, i. 185.
Biahaihi, i. 283.
Brahctrollebcrg, i. 115.
Brahelina, i. 372.
Brahelfadt, i. 36S.
Braiba, ii.
i6ß.
Braid-a!ben, iii. 426.
J5raine Je Comte, iv. 305.
Braintree, iii. 316.
Brait, v. 475.
Brakel, iv. 317.
Braiin, iii. 587.
Bramant, iii. 23.
Brambcd, iii. 300.
Brampton, iii.
399.
Bramlledt, vi. 224. 407. 18.
Brand, v. ß^j.
Brandus, iv. 75,
Brandenburg, i. 548. v. 41 1.
625. 56. vi. 309.
Brandis, iii. 626. v. 589.
Brando, iii. 112.
Brandon, iii. 2^9-
Brankerka, i. 322.
Branfl

Bretagne, ii. 516--17--20.
Brete[/.cm, i. 647.
bicicüt;!, ii. 529.
Bieüaude, ii. 20{}.
Bitttc, i. 290.
Jirctcen, iv. 58^'.
ßietzenheim, v. 14t.
Brevcne, iii. 809.
ii;eunliiii;cn, iv. 251.
Jireufch, r. ii. 593.
ßrewodd, iii. ^t.-^.
Brey, iv. 3^4.
Breydafiordur, i. 230.
Breyfach, iv. 247.
Biezan, i. 610.
Brezowa, ii. 25.
Brianfon, ii. 438.
Briarc, ii. 543.
Bridgen, iii. 409.
Bridgenorth, iii. 380.
Bridges, iv. 298.
Bridgwater, iii. 270.
BiiajHirt, iii. 265.
Brie Comte Robert, ii. 384.
-Champenoiie, ii. 41».
Brieg, vi 540. i.
Briei, ii. 558.
Briel, iii. 495-
Bricnne, ii. 416.
Urienz, iii. 636.
Bries, ii. 30.
Brietzcn, v. 670.
Brieulla, ii. 414'
Briggs, iii. 372.
Brigiiol, iii. 104.
BrignoUes, ii. 450.
Brigs, iii. 372.
Brikem, i. 509.
Brilon, iv. 572.
Brinberg, iii. 442.
Brindifi, iii. 203.
Brine, ii. g6.
Brione, ii. 529.
Brioude, ii. 554.
Gliic, ibid.
Briurc, ii.
533.
Brigueras, iu. 3a.
Brilago, üi. 739.
I N D E X.
Brifgau, iv. 247.
Briflü, ii. 606.
Briffac, ii. 565.
Briftol, iii. 275.
Britonoro, iii. 144.
Briuga, ii. 307.
Brive la Gaillard, ii. 556.
Brivielca, ii. 311.
Brixen, iv. 254.
Brixenfladt, v. 449.
ßriznobana, ii. 30.
Brno, iv. 109.
Bro, i. 638.
Broacker, i.
15J.
Brociueibeck, iv. 467.
Brociuy Craig, iii. 427.
Brocke!, vi. 266.
Brod, ii. 91.
Brodick, iii. 423.
Brodnitz, i. 646.
Brodfteer, iii. 307.
Brock, iii. 511.
Broglio, iii. 35.
Brokefby, iii. 370.
Bromberg, i. 638.
Brome, vi. 269--70.
Bromley, iii. 314. 378,
Bromiebro, i. 280.
Bionti, iii. ? 14.
Brooinfgrovc, iii. 362.
Brou, ii. 541.
Brouage, ii. 510.
BrouwerQiaven, iii. 522.
Browalla, i. 282.
Brozow, i. 609.
Brozze, iii. 27.
Bruchenavv-, v. 21.
Bruchhaufen, iv. 482.
Brück, iv. 165. 196. v. 330.
547-
Bruel, IV. 564. vi. 3,77.
Brufa, iv. 185.
Briiggen, iv. 4C4.
Briigg, iii. 642. 796.
Brugnecto, ui. 104.
Brurr.by, vi. 182.
Bruneek, iii.
634.
Brünette, iii.
33.
Brunhido, li. 206.
Brunn, iv. 100.
Brunnen, iii. 656.
Briinfbü, i. 291.
Brunfbutdc, vi.
439.
Brunfliolm, i. 318.
Brunftein, vi. 324.
Brunl'wick, vi. 201.
Bruuiifland, iii. 422.
Bruntrat, v. 1 c.
Bruflels, iv. 268.
Bruflc), vi. 6.
Bruton, iii. 274.
Brux, iv. 89.
Bruyere, ii. 582.
Brzchere, iv. 85.
Brzefe, i. 596 620.
Brzeziny, i. 592.
Bizeynice, iv. 85.
Baarcos, iv. 204.
Bubbiana, iii. 31.
Bubiken, iii. 607.
Bublicz, ,vi.
97.
Buch, ii. 494.
iii. Cq^. v^
Brullois, ii. 504.
Brumath, ii. 600-
^'45-
Buchan, iii. 427 -8.
Buchanneis, iii. 428.
Buchau, V. 220. 307. vi, 498,
Bucheckberg, iii. 687.
Buchen, iv. 52:9.
Bucherc, iii. 219.
Bucherthal, v. 104.
Buchholtz, i. 550.
Buchholz, V. 603--76..
Buchhorn, v. ßßc.
Buchloe, iii.. 635.
Bucino, iii. 196.
Buckeburg, v. 436— S.
Buckereft, ii. 165.
Buckinghamfhire, iii.
347,-
348.
Bucknam, iii.
339.
Bucknefiord, i. 196.
Bucko, V. 647. vi. ^^.
Buczaw, i. 610.
Buda, ii. 40.
Buderichj

Buderich, iv. '^j6.
Budiegowis, iv. 1 12.
Büdingen, i. 2U
IJudifch, ii. 29.
Budilzin, iv. 130. 2.
Budoa, ii. 102.
Budziac, ii. ibS.
ikidwei«, iv. b'l.
JBueil, ii. 562.
Buenzetczo, li.
Bug, i. 646.
Bugey, ii. 42b'.
Buhel, V. 2 J 8.
Bui, i. 451.
Biijac, ii.
3b'.
Buil, iii. 410.
Biiitraga, ii. 308.
Bukaii, ii. ()6.
Biiko, vi. 377.
Bulacli, iii. 602.
Bulgaria, ii. 125.
Bulka, iv. 173.
Bulkhofc, i. 165.
iOi-
Bulies, ii. 389.
Bullinbrook, iii. 372.
Burialin, iii. 438.
Bunde, iv. 473.
Bijnd the Obern, iii. 760.
Gottefhaus, iii. 767.
Zeyngcrichte, iii.
777.
Bungay, iii. 332.
Bunola, ii. 327.
Eunrotty, iii. 444.
Bunichoten, iii. 530.
Buntebock, vi. 285.
Buntingtnrd, iii.
345.
Bunzen, iii.
73 i.
Bundau, vi. 558.
Bücnccnvento, iii. 131.
Buquoy, ii. 407.
Buran, iii. 83.
Burban, ii. 474.
Buren, iii. 4;6. 627. 691.
746. iv. 316.
Burehafh, i. 340.
Burford, iii.
354.
Burg, i. 166. iii. 4S0. vi,
154. »87.
INDEX.
Schwabbach, v. 93.
upon the Sands, iii.
399.
Burga, ii. 130.
Burgau, iv. 244.
Burgdorf, iii. 626. vi. 262.
Burgh-Ebrach, v. 297-
Burgelin, vi. 90.
Burgtun, iii. 216.
Burgh, iii. 372.
Caftk', iii.
333.
Burgliaun, v. 18.
Burgkrain, v. 357.
Burgien, iii. 710.
Burgo de ofma, ii. 310.
Burgos, ii. 210.
Burgftadt, v. 162.
Burgdail, iv. 169.
Burgundy, ii. 420. iv. 258.
Burgwedels, vi. 266.
Buriana, iii. 131.
Burithoole, iii. 443.
Burken, iv. 529.
Burkerfdorf, iv. 165.
Burkhaufen, v. ^^c).
Burkhum, v. 360.
Burkunftadc, v. 805.
BurHngton, iii. 389.
Burnhams, iii. 324.
Bumley, iii. 403.
Euro, vi. 4 10.
Buronzo, iii. 27,
Burra, iii. 432.
Burray, iii. ;^2.
Burrin, iii. 444.
Burriana, ii. 299-
Burrum, iii. 3-,9.
Burfwick, i. 284.
Burftadt, iv. 528.
Burftall, iii. 384.
Burftv/ick, i. 284..
Burton, iii.
373.
upon 'rrent, iii.
379-
Burum, iii. 5.
Bury, ii. 542. iii. 403.
Bufchweiler, ii. 6co.
Bufetkervale, v. 70.-
Bufin, ii,
94.
Bulk, i, 607.
Bufkerud, 1. 185.
Bufncngo, iii. by.
Bullctto, iii.
57.
Bufledt, vi. 346.
Bufum, vi. 414,
Bute, iii. 423.
Butellpach, v. 1S7.
Butcra, iii. 215.
,
Bütkinfl.'ain, i.
505,
Buto, vi. 95.
Butrinto, ii. 1404
Burrio, iii. J41.
Butfa, v. 19.
Buttelftett, vi. 29,
Butterfeld, vi. 2.
Butthard, v. 408,
Bucthngcn, vi. 252,.
Butzbach, v. 66.
Butzo, vi. 449. 50.
Buuder, i. 230.
Buvron, ii. 544.
Buxhiem, v. 310.
Buxtehade, vi. 219.
Buxton, iii.
377.
Buz, ii.
439.
Buza, ii. 80.
Byer, i.
5^3.
Bygdeas, i.
339.
Bygland, i. 194.
Byglefield, ibid.
Bynkowikai, i. 502.
Byzia, ii. 129.
C.
r^Abagon, ii. 276.
Cabagou, ii. 196.
Cabbeas c'e Seca, ii. 215.
de Vide, ii. 229.
Cabecao, ii. 229.
Cabecciras de Barta, ii. 192,
Cahra, ii. 210.
Cabrera, i. H. 31-8.
Cabiil, ii. 208.
Cacabeias, ii. 274.
Cacapito, ii. 210.
Caccia, iii. 1 1?..
Caccuri, iii. 199.
Cacere.', ii. 278.
Cacorla, ii. 291;
Gaddcra,

Ciclacra, ii. 307.
Cadahalfo, ii.
^^03.
Caciaval, ii. 2 17.
Cadbury-ciiftk% iii. 272.
CaJdcl, iii. 429.
Cadenac, ii.
497.
Cadence, ii. 45t}.
Caderouflc, ii. 460.
Cadillac, ii. 494.
Cadina, ii. 205.
Cadiz, ii.*2 85.
Cadolzburg, v, 442.
Cadore, iii. 92.
Caen, ii. 5^0.
CaerdifF, iii. 409.
Caer Leon, iii^
359.
Caeimarthen, iii. 408.
Caernarvon, iii. 413-
Cacrwys, iii. 412.
CafHon, iii. ^^6.
Cagby, iii. 147.
Cagliari, iii. 42.
Cagny, ii. 389.
Cahors, ii.
497.
Cajana, i. 367.
Cajare, ii.
497.
Caiazzo, iii. 173.
Cailii, ii. 526.
Cainfliam, iii. 278.
Caitlinefs, iii. 431.
Calabria, citra, iii.
199.
ultra, iii. 200.
Calabritto, iii. 196.
Calafuguera, ii. 327.
Calahorra, ii. 312.
Calais, ii. 404.
Calanca, ii. 192.
Calanna, iii. 201.
Calafpara, ii. 296.
Calata bellota, iii. 216.
Calataxibera, iii. 215.
.
Calatayud, ii. 316.
Calatrava, ii. 301.
Calbe, vi. 169, 180.
Calcar, iv. 374.
Caldano, iii. 132.
Caldas, ii. 218.
Calder, iii. 429.
INDEX.
Calecafia, iii. 1 12.
Caiego, r. ii. 314.
CaKiiberg, vi. 2b'6, 9. 98.
Calenzana, iii. 1 12.
Calheta, ii. 234.
Calius, vi. 14.
Calimotc, ii. 405.
Calix Lapmark, i. 340.
Callen, iii.
437.
Callenbergh, vi. 160.
Callipolij, i. ii. 154.
Calniar, i. 2y(^.
Calnc, ii'. 278.
Calobra, ii. 327.
Calobraro, iii. 195.
Calonges, ii. 556.
Caloycio, i. ii. 154.
Calfliot, iii. 286.
Caltanifiecta, iii. 216.
Calvarie, i. 619.
Calvello, iii. 195.
Calvi, iii. 1 12.
Calvili, iii. 199.
Calviffon, ii.
479.
Calvorde, vi. 345.
Calw, V. 193.
Camar, r. i. 412.
Camaldoli, iii. 126.
Camalet, iii. 272.
Camarana, iii. 151. 215.
Camarafa, ii. 322.
Camargue, i. ii.
449.
Camarinas, ii. 265.
Camaftra, iii. 216.
Cambeilon, iii. 424.
Camberej, ii. 196.
Camberg, iv. ßsy.
Cambra, ii. 206.
Cambray, ii. 569.
Cambrays, i. iii. 423.
Cambrefis, ii, §6g.
Cambridge, iii. 340.
Cambrilla, ii. 322.
Camburg, vi. 56.
Camel, r. iri. 257.
Camelford, iii. 257.
Camen, iv. 387.
Camenz, iv. 132.
Camera de lobos, ii.
Camerano, iii. 36.
Camerata, iii. 216,
Camcrinha, ii. 105.
Camcrino, iii. 151.
2_;;4,
Caaiilaii, iii. b'9.
Camifano, iii. 91.
Camilcliinka, r. i. 412.
Cammin, vi. 90. 95.
Camogli, iii. 103.
Camonica, iii. 90.
Camoru Corra, ii. 223.
Campagna, iii. 196.
di Romana, iii. i£9.
Campagnano, iii. 158.
Campagne, ii. 405,
dc Caenf, ii.
530.
de Neubüurg, ii. 528.
de Sc. Andre, ii. 528.
Campan, ii.
507.
Cam[)bel-tc-.vn, iii. 424.
Campden, iii. 25Ö.
Campen, vi. 340.
Campi, iii. 126,
Campiglon, iii. zi.
Campitello, iii. 112.
Campli, iii. 208.
Campo, ii. 319. iii. 105.
balTo, iii. 206.
bello, iii. 216.
franco, iii. 216.
grande, iii. ß^.
maggiore, iii. 40.
marano, iii. 105.
mayor, ii. 228.
S. Pietro, iii. 85.
Campodolcino, iii. 791.
Campoloro, iii. 113.
Campolungo, ii. 1 64.
Campos, ii. 327.
Camyichlowja, r. i. 472,
Canal, ii. 2 14.
Canale, iii. 112.
della, Guideca, iii. 82.
Canari, iii. 112.
Canas de Senhorim, ii. 207.
Canavagio, iii. 112.
Canavtle, iii. 27.
Canavezes,

Canavezes, il. 19?,
Canawly, iii, 44.3.
Cancale, ii. 520.
C.inche, r. ii. ^^6,
. Canda, iii. 86.
Candau, i. 663.
Cande, ii. ^63, 565.
Candcrno, v. 228.
— r Amec, ii. 565.
Candia, ii. 155.
Candofa, ii. 206.
Canea, ii. 155.
Canellas, ii. 201.
Cantt, ii. 476, 486.
Caneco, iii. 54.
Cangiano, iii. igy,
Canhao, ii. 222.
Canigaw, h. ii. 485.
Canina, ii. 140.
Canilcha, ii 51.
Canne, iii. 205.
Cannes, ii."454.
Cano, ii. 229.
Canofa, iii. 205.
Ca-nofTa, iii. 64.
Canourgue, ii. 481.
Canftadt, v. 1S6.
Cantahidi, ii. 204.
Cantal, h. ii. 551.
Cantarilla, ii. 296.
Camera, r. iii. 211.
Canterbury, iii. 308.
Canth, vi. 539.
Cantiano, iii. 147.
Cantillano, iii. 282,
Cantoira, iii. 27.
Caorle, iii.
g^-
Capaccio, iii. 197,
Caparciros, ii. 196.
Cap. Breton, ii. 502.
Capelle, i. 165, ii. 39S.
Capeftan, ii. 474.
Capiftran, iii. 208.
Capitanata, iii. 205.
Capo Cliimi, ii. 14g.
d'oro, ii. 149.
Figera, ii. 149,
Finifterre, ii.
,
264.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Capo Liter, ii. 149.
dell' armi, iii. 201.
Cagliari, iii. 421.
Cunana, ii. 265.
Corfu, iii. 1 12.
Ortega!, ii. 266.
di Faro, iii. 213.
Matapan, ii. 146.
Fino, iii. 104.
d' Iftria, iii.
g^di
Lugatori, in. 42.
di Marfelli, iii. 213.
Melle, iii. 106.
di mont:-, iii. 156.
—— de Rocca, ii. 218.
ChifTaro, iii. 213.
Pennas, ii. 169.
di St. Croce, ii. 21g.
•
di St. Afpirio, iii.
35.
Smiriglio, ii. 154.
Spartivento, iii. 120.
—— St. Vincent, ii. 230.
• - " Venere, iii. 104.
Caperni, i. 546.
Capoiele, iii. 196.
Cappel, i. 165.
Cappizzi, iii. 214.
Capra Cotta, iii. 206.
Capra-ia, i. iii. 206.
Caprarola, iii. 156.
Capri, i. iii. 192.
Capriana, iii. 6j.
Capfir, ii. 488.
Capcieux, ii. 500.
Capua, iii. 1^3.
Capver, ii. 506.
Capurib, iii. 204.
Caracotta, ii. 302.
Caranfebeo, ii. 72.
Carapito, ii. 21Ü.
Carara, iii. 66.
Carallo, iii. 104.
Carafu-Meftro, r. ii. 128.
Caravaggio, iii. .49.
Carbognas, iii.
49.
Carbon, ii. 144.
Carbu, iii. io8.
Carbury, ii.
437, 43 S, 443.
4P
CarcafTone, ii.
473,
Carcella, ii.
23^.
Carces, ii. 451,
Card", iii. 30.
Carden, iv. g/^ß.
CarcHa, ii. 134.
Cardigan, iii. 410. ,,
Cardigos, ii. 229.
Cardona, i,
323.
Carelia, i. 441.
Carcma, iii. 27.
Caremtauid, ii. 568.
Carentan, ii. 531.
Carenrone, r. ii. 524.
Caretto, iii. 36.
Carewo-KaJvOchaisk, i. 4S2.
Carewo-Santschuwii, i. 482.
Carfagnana, iii. 63.
Carhaino, ii. 522.
Caria, ii. 208.
Cariati, iii. 199.
Carigmac Griffen, iii. 444.
Carignan, ii.
577.
Carignans, iii. 30.
Carigncna, ii. 316.
Carini, iii. 216.
Carinola, iii. 193.
Carinthia, iv. 197.
Carisbrooke, iii. 287.
Carladcs, ii. 552.
Carlat, ii. 552.
Rognefort, ii. 471.
Carlberg, i. 313.
Carlburg, ii. 45.
Carleby, i. 293.
Carlegno, iii. ^6.
Carl Guftaveftadt, i. 321.
Carlholfp, i. 322.
Carlingford, iii. 440.
Carlifle, iü. 398.
Carlopaga, ii.
97.
Carlowitz, ii. gi.
Carlsbad, iv. 92.
Carlsfeld, v. 607.
Carlfgraben, i. 2 87.
Carllhamn, i. 306.
Carlfmlel, i. 286.
Carlfkoga, i. 295.
Carlfcroon,

Carfcroon, i. 306.
Carlfmarkt, i. 542.
Carlfport, i. 289.
Carlftadt, i. 294.
Carlftein, iv. 96.
Carllten, i. 297.
Carlftrom, i. 336.
Carllwerd, i. 286,
Carllwoo, i. 160.
Carlfwraa, i. 160.
Carlus, ii. 470.
Carmagnola, iii.
35,
Carmain, ii. 471.
Canning, ii. ^6g.
Carminu, ii. 283.
Carmoux les Cardes, ii. 470.
Carniola, iv. 204.
Carolath, iv. 584, 585.
Carouda, ii. 199.
Carouges^ 11.533.
Carovigni, iii. 203.
Carpathian hilJs, ii, 5.
Carpentias, ii. 460.
Carpefa, ii. 299.
Carpi, iii. 64, 87.
Carpignano, iii. 27.
Carpi neto, iii. 172.
Carrara, iii. 131.
Carri-caftle, iii. 438.
Carrick, iii. 419.
- Drumruih, iii.
443.
Carfickfergus, iii. 41g.
Carrig- Allen, iii. 443.
Carrigdrumrulh, iii.
443.
Carrion de les Condes, ii.
"75-
...
Carru, iji. 30.
Carthagena, ii. 296.
Cartamii, ii. 294-
Cartmel, iii, 401.
Carvalhc- ii. 205.
Carugna, iii. 29.
CarvccirOj ii. 229.
Cary, iii. 441.
Cafa del Campo, ii. 303.
Mifliiia, iii. 204.
Nuova, iii. 173,
Cafaconi, iii, 1 13,
INDEX.
Cafal, iii. 38.
di Alvalb, ii. 206.
Combo, ii. 205.
Grande, iii. 64.
Maggiore, iii. 51.
Nuovo, iii. 173, 203.
Cafano, iii. 204.
Cafcaes, ii. 216.
Cafcante, ii. 213.
Calcara delle Marmore, iii.
155-
Cal'chau, ii. 60.
Cafciano, iii. 125.
Cafentino, iii. 126.
Caferta, iii. 193.
Cafliel, iii.
444.
Cafimirfbiirg, vi. 97.
Cafinca, iii. 113.
Caflona, ii. 290.
Cafolo, iii. 175,
Cafpe, ii. 316.
Caffagnabere, ii. 506.
'
Caflagncttis, ii. 498.
Caflano, iii. 49, 199.
Caflel, ii.567, iv. 524. v. 42.
Caflenore, iii. H2.
Cafiils, iii. 420.
CafTino, iii. 151.
Caffis, ii. 448.
Caflbpo, ii. 161.
CalTun Balcha, ii. 133.
Caftagnaro, r. iii. 85.
Caftagnedo, iii. 104.
Caftantreira, ii. 206.
Caftanetto, iii. 113.
Cafteicao, ii. 209.
Cartel a mare, iii. 216.
a Mare Srabbia, iii. 292.
St. Angelo, ii. 161.
buono, iii. 21 3.
franco, iii. 92-, :o6, 141.
Gondorfo, iii. 17-r.
Gonzaga, iii. 21-2.
Gurcac, ii. 67.
jaloux, ii. 501.
Leone, iii. 51.
Maggiore, iii. 1 16.
Milopoumo, ii^ 15$.
Cartel Nuovo, ii. 157,
iii. 27, 63, 213.
Nuovo dicarfagnana, iii.
Nuovo Tortoneze, iii 40.
Ponzona, iii. 51.
reale, iii. 212.
di St. Giovanni, iii.
59.
di St. Pietro, iii. 141.
di Sangro, iii. 207.
Sarazin, ii. 469.
Selino, ii. 156.
veterano, iii. 216.
veteri, iii. 216.
vetero, iii. 63.
Caftelane, ii.
455.
Caftelbarce, iv. 236.
Caftelbell, iv. 234.
Caftek'n, iii. 622.
Caftelholm, i. ^66.
Caftelnuovo, iii. 27.
Caftelrotzo, ii. 150.
Cartel], v. 487.
Caftella la, iii. 170»
Monte, iii. 27.
Cartellacoic, iii. 212.
Caftellaneta, iii. 201.
Caftellanza, iii.
49.
Caftellaro, iii. 106.
Cartel lengo, ii. 27.
Cartello, ii. 208, iii. 113.
deli. Abbate, iii. 197.
di Ampurias, iii. 324.
Bom ii. 210.
Bon. ii, 507.
Branco ii. 2x1.
delle Bucca. iii. 197.^
di Gibbio, iii. 61.
Gibbeliino, iii. 59.
Guelto, iii. 58.
Melhor, ii. 210.
Mendo, ii. 209.
di montCi ü'- öi.
Barranzono, ibid,
Nuovo, ii. lor.
Nuovo, ii. 2:2, iii. 1-S7.
della plana, ii. 299.
CartelJo,

*
CafteUo Rodrigo, 11. 210.
vecchio, iii. S6.
de vide, ii. 229.
del Uüvo, iii. 187.
Cartel Jaloux, ii. 501.
Cartel moron, ii. 50 r.
Caftelnau de Barbarcns, ii.
505.
de Bonnefons, ii. 470.
de Brallac, ii. 470.
de Bretenons, ii.
497.
de Sevis, ii. 470.
de Magnone, li. 503.
de Montatein, ii.
497.
de Moiitmiral, ii. 470.
de Strettefons, ii. 496.
Caftelnaudari, ii. 471.
CafteJoa, iii. 170.
Cartels, iii. 77S.
Cafteluccio, iii. 196.
Carter, iii. 372.
Caftiglione; iii. 67. 104.
116. 131. 200.
della Stivere, iii. 6j.
Caftille new, ii. 200.
old, ii. 30S.
Caftillon, ii. 496.
Caftion, iii. 7S5.
Cartlebar, iii. 443.
Caftle Carey, iii. 273.
Conner, iii. 443.
Caftlemain, iii. 445.
Raghan, iii. 439.
Riling, iii. 337.
"William, iii. 429.
Cartleknock, iii. 435.
Caftlereagh, iii. 441.
Caftres, ii. 470. 94.
Caflri, ii. 143.
Caftries, ii. 477.
Caftris, iii. 762.
Caftro, ii. 143. 156.
iii. 203.
Caftro Aregonefa, iii. 42.
Giovanni, iii. 215,
L'lboreiro, ii. 195.
Buovo, ii. 94. 2 1 7.
Phillippe, iii. 216.
realcj iii.
21J.
INDEX.
Caftro de Rey, ii. 266,
Rio, ii. 290.
Verde, ii. 210. 26.
Vicente, ii. 198.
de Ardiales, ii. 270.
Steres, ji. 311.
Caftrodaire, ii. 208.
Caftromarin, ii. 223.
Cataco, iii. 85.
Catalonia, ii. 319.
Catanea, iii. 2 14.
Catanzaro, iii. 200.
Catelet, ii.
399.
Catharinenburg, i. 472.
Catharinenhof, iii.
799.
Catharinethal, i. 426.
Catherlough, iii.
437.
Catlenburg, vi. 275. 6.
CatoJica, iii. 145. 216.
Catfhanitz, ii. 126.
Cattaro, ii. 102.
Catton, iii. 336,
Catuna, r. i. 471.
Cava, iii. 196. .^32.
Cavado, r. ii, 177.
Cavaillon, ii. 460.
Cavaler. Maggiore,
Cavalrufo, iii. 213.
Cavan, iii.
439.
Caub, iv. 588.
Cauchan, ii. 168.
Caudfbec, ii. 525.
Candies, ii.
473.
Caverac, ii. 478.
Caumartin, ii. 401.
Caune, ii. 470.
Cannes, ii. 473. 4.
Caunettes, en Val, 7 ..
les Mouiloulins,,^
'
Caiifiade, ii. 498.
Caya, r. ii. 279.
Caylus, ii. 437.
Cayo, m. ii. 244.
Cazalla, ii. 282.
Cazeres, ii. 471.
Cea, ii. 210.
Ceaux, ii. 525.
Ccbolsj ii. 306»
"*"'
Cebret, h. ii. 267.
Cedogna, iii. J98.
Cefalonia, i. ii.
159,
Ccfalu, iii. 214.
Ceglie, iii. 203.
Celabba, iii. 151.
Celano, iii. 207.
Celanova, ii. 167.
Celaviza, ii. 205.
CellerieJd, vi. 285.
CelJie, iii.
474.
Celorico, ii. 210.
Cemender, ii. 122.
Ceneda, iii. 92.
Cenis, h. iii. 15.
Centale, iii.
35.
Centellas, ii.-324.
Centorve, iii. 214.
Centron, iii. 22.
Cephalonia, i. ii. 159,
Cephirtus, ii. 142.
Ceravalle, iii. 92.
Cercy, ii. 545.
Cerdagne, ii. 325. 488.
Cerdan, ii. 429.
Cereceda, ii. 269.
Cerenza, iii. 199.
Cerct, ii. 487.
Cerignola, iii. 205.
Cerigo, i. ii. 138.
Cernache, ii. 204.
Cernant, r. ii. 524.
Ctrolico de pafto, ii. 192.'
Cerrito, iii. J93.
Certai), ii. 229.
Certaldo, iii. 125.
Certofa, iii. 50.
Cervaens, ii. 190.
Cervera, r. ii. 319. 322,
Cerveteri, iii. 159.
Cervia, iii. 145.
Ce'aro, iii. 214.
Cefena, iii. 144.
Cefenalico, iii. 145.
Ceferi, iii. 136.
Cef], iii. 154.
Cefis, iii. 141.
Ceflenon, ii.
474.
Cette,

Ccttc, li, 47'^.
Ceva, iii. 3b.
Cecilia, ii. 438.
Chabanois, ii, 510.
Chablais, lii. 20.
Cn.iblis, ii. 417.
Chabriiiit, iii, 33.
Clucim, ii 199.
Chahinioiit, ii.
43 r.
Chalon, ii. 426.
Chalonois, ii. 412.
Chalons, ibid.
ChalulTe, ii. 501.
Cbalus, ii. 556.
Ciiam, iii. 6b6.
Chamberry, iii. 21.
Chambon^ ii. 553.
Chambord, r. ii. 541.
Chamlemy, ii. 544.
Chamounis, iii. 20.
.Champagne, ii. 409.
upper, ii. 410.
lower, ii. 411.
Champalemend, ii. 544..
Champignelles, ii. 417.
Champigny, ii. 563.
Champion, i. ii. 389.
Champron, ii.
395.
Champroucn, iii. 21.
Champlaur, ii. 437.
Champtercier, ii. 456.
Chamufca, ii. 218.
Chancellaria, ii. 227.
Channerie, iii. 499.
Chanonry, iii. 429.
Chantilly, ii. 385.
Chantoce, ii. ßSß.
Chao de coucc
Chapelle de St. Andre, iii.
23-
d' Anguillon, ii. 542.
Dam-Gilon, ii.
559.
Chapus, ii. 510.
Charantoncis, ii. 381.
Charbonnieres, iii. 22.
Charence, ii. 439.
Charenton, ii. 3CS4.
Charente, r. li, 50S.
INDEX.
Charie, ii. 332.
Charice la, ii. 544.
Charkow, i. 458.
Chailemont, ii. 57 i. iii. 440.
Cliarleroi, iv, 308.
Charlcsfort, iii. 285.
Charleval, ii. 527.
Charieville, ii, 414. iii.
445.
Charlottenburg, i. 91.
Charlottenlund, i. 96.
Charlottenthal, i.
549.
Charmes, ii. 582.
CUarolles, ii. 426.
Charollois, ii. 426.
Charon, iii. 98.
Charolt, ii.
559.
Charrou, ii. 514.
Chartrain, ii. 540.
Chartrcs, ii. 540.
Chartreufe la grande, ii. 436.
Charybdis, iii. 214.
Chafma, ii.
93.
Chaüel, ii. 583.
Chaftellar, ii.
4J1.
Chaftenai, ii. 382.
Chaflillon, iii. 21.
Chatanfkoi, i, 512.
Chateau Briand, ii. 518.
de Bonne Efperance, ii.
iii. 22.
573-
..
Bourg, ii. 516.
Combrens, ii. ^6g.
Ceans, ii. 565.
Dauphin, ii. 438. iii. 34.
Goutier, ii. 565.
de Haa, ii.
493.
Landen, ii. 395."
de latte, ii. 520.
du loir, ii.
535.
Meillant, ii. 560.
Neuf, ii. 510. 20. 39.
Neuf en thimmeranis, ii.
Porcien, ii. 414.
Regnard, ii. 450.
Renard, ii. 542.
Renaud, ii. 419. 562.
Chateau Roux, ii. 560.
Chateau Sallns, ii. 5??.
Thierry, ii. 419.
Trompettc, ii.
493.
verd, iv. 573.
Chateaudun, ii. 540.
Chateaulin, ii. ßZd.
Chaateauvilain, ii. 41 6.
Chatel, ii. 523. 45,
Chatelar, ii. 431.
Chatel Chalon, ii. 609.
Chatelet, ii. 214.
Chatelleraud, ii. 514.
Chatenoi, ii. 5S2.
Chatham, iii. 310.
Chatillon, ii. 429. 42. ^6^.
84. iii. 27.
les Dom DCS, ii. 428.
Sur Loing, ii. 542.
Sur Loire, ii. 538.
Sur Marne, ii. 411.
Sur Seine, ii. 423.
Sur Vezouze, ii.
576.
Chavaens, ii. 208.
Chavannes, ii. 609.
Chaves, ii. 200.
Chaumont, ii. 389. 416. iii.
20.
Chauny, ii. 387.
ChaufTee, ii. 588.
Chauvigny, ii. 514.
Chazim, ii. 198.
Chedder, iii. 273.
Chcdie, iii. 378.
Chegford, iii. 259.
Cheiro, i. ii. 154,
Chelles, ii. 384.
Chclm, i. 607.
Chelmsford, iii. 325.
Chelfea, iii. 322.
Cheltenham, iii. 256-
Chemille, ii. ß6ß.
Chemnitz, v. 599.
Chemptercier, ii. 456.
Chenerailles, ii.
557.
Chenonceau, ii. 5Ö2.
Chepllow, iii.
359.
Cher, r. ii. 335. 37.
Cherafco, ii. 30.
Cherbourg,

Cherbourg, ii. 531,
Cherfo, ii. 102.
Cherfonefus, ii. 134. i6g.
Chertfey, iti. 269,
Chefes, i. 509..
Chcfham, iii. 340.
Cliefing, i. 604.
Chefntfgallon, ii, §^6.
Chefter, iii. 282.
little, iii. 27^-
Chefterfield, iii. 376.
Chevreux, ii.
394.
Ciiezeri, iii. 20.
Chiarenza, ii. 146.
Ciiiari, iii. 90.
Chiavari, iii. 104.
Chiavenna, iii. 789.
Chichefter, iii. 299.
Chiente, iii. 206.
Chieri, ii. 159.
Chilleiros, ii. 216.
iii. ^o.
Chilli, ii. 3"fe2.
Chimar, ii. 571.
Chimera, ii. 140.
ChimJeigh, iii. 206.
Chinchilla, ii. 301.
Chinon, ii.
§6^.
Chioza, I. iii. 82.
Chipiona, ii. 284.
Chippenham, iii. 278.
Chippen- Sodbury, iii. 358.
Chipping-Norton, iii.
354.
Ongar, iii. 324.
AVycomb, iii.
349.
Chippingfodbury, iii. 358.
Chiprav;az, ii. 126.
Chironiflo, ii. 132.
Chiich, iv. 90.
Chitriani, ii. 152.
Chitro, ii. 13S.
ChivaflTo, iii. 27.
Chiverny, ii. 542.
Chiufa, iii. 216.
Chiufala, iii. 88.
Chiufi, iii. 131.
Chiuftenge, ii. 127.
Chizay, ii. 514.
Chlumee, iv. 15.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Chlynow, i. 482.
Choify, ii. 382:
Choliet, ii.
ßöß.
Cholmogory, i. 448.
Choiucie, iv. 78.
Chomukow, iv. 90.
Choper, r. i, 466.
Choren, iv. 76.
Chorges, ii. 438,
CnoOarm, v. 344.
Chctieborz, iv. 78.
Chotuzice, ibid.
Chozin, ii. 166.
Chraft, iv. 76.
Chraftovitz, ii.
94.
Chrevafta, r. ii. 139.
Chriftburg, i. 649.
Chriftchurch, iii. 282.
Chriftiana, i. 184.
Chriftian al brechtan koeg,
i. 151.
Chriftian hagen, i. 165.
Chriftiania, i. 184. 90.
Chriftianopel, i. 308.
Chriftianpriis, i. 165,
fade, i. 121.
Chriftianftnd, i. 194.
Chriftianlund, i. 202.
Chriftianiberg, i. 198.
Chriftiansfield, i.
355.
Chriftianfhaab, i.
355.
Chriftianfliülm, i. 121.
in Denmark, i. 91.
in Norway, i. 198.
Chriftianfoe, i. 113.
Chriftianfolle, i. 121.
Chriftianftadt, i. 300.
Chriftianftein, i. 203.
Chriftianthal, i. 121.
Chriftina, ii. 157.
Chriftinaham, i. 294.
Chriftineftadt, i.
369.
Chrudim, iv. 76.
Chudleigh, iii.
355.
Cnurwalden, iii. 780.
Cianciane, iii. 216.
Cibin, ii. 86.
Ciclut, ii.
loi.
40.
Cicoli, iii. 208.
Cieja, ii. 296.
Ciechanow, i. 596.
Ciechanowie, i. 606.
Cigliano, iii. 27.
Ciile, iv. 194.
Cilorigo, ii. 269.
Cimbnlhamn, i. 304.
Ciminna, iii. 217.
Citnolis, i. ii. 152.
Cinea, r. ii. 3t4.
Cinco Bilhas, ii. 2 10.
Cinque terre le, iii. 104.
Cintra, ii. 216— 17.
ii. 218.
Ciftat, ii. 448.
Cirencefter, iii.
25S'
Cirolo, iii. 148.
Cifmar, vi. 413.
Cifmone, iii. 92.
Cifteaux, ii. 423.
Cifterna, iii. 30. 170.
Citalefva, ii. 164,
Citerna, iii. 126.
Cicluch, ii. 101.
Citta di Gaftello, iii. 151.
Guelfo, iii. 151.
Lavenia, iii. 171,
del Sole, iii. 126. 144.
nuova, iii. 94. 10 1.
nuovaCottonera, iii. 223.
vecchia, iii. 223.
vetoriofa, ibid.
Ciudad Betanzos, ii. 266.
Corunna, ii. 265.
Mondonnedo, ii. 266.
real, ii. 301.
Rodrigo, ii. 276.
I'ui, ii. 265.
Ciudella, ii. 329.
Civita S. Angelo, iii. 20S.
Borelle, iii. 207.
Caftcllana, iii. 15S.
di Chiel, iii. 207.
Linar, iii. 15g.
Luperella, iii. 207.
nuova, iii. 206.
di Penna, iii. 20S.
Civi:?j

Civlta reale, üi. 208.
Tomafla, iii. 208.
Vecchia, iii. 158.
Civitalla, iii. 152. 172. 208.
d' Arne, iii. 1^2.
Civra, ii. 514.
Ciza, ii. 489.
Clackmannan, iii. 421.
Clagenfurt, iv. 200.
Clagiiy, ii. 3S2.
Clain, r. ii. 526.
Ciaire, ii. 526.
Claiievaiix, ii. 41C,
Clairvaux, ibid.
Clarr.ecy, ii. 544.
Clamin, iii.
437.
Clandcrlay, iii. 444.
Clanmoris, iii. 425.
Clanwilliam, iii. 445.
Clara, i. 294.
Ciarat 11 mba, i. 600.
Clare, iii. 443.
Clarendon, iii. 2S1.
Clarenza, ii. 146.
Clarmont, iii 20.
Clafernefs, iii, 430.
Chifura, ii. 72.
Claufen, iv. 2^ 4.
Ciauienburg, ii. 75. 80.
Chuiühal, vi. 2S4.
Claul'ura, ii. 72.
Claulliolm, i. 133.
Claulz, iv. J85.
Cleave, iii. 25g.
Cleburg, iii. 380.
Clempeno, vi. 85.
Ck^nlilli, iii. 438.
Clenze, vi. 256.
Clerac, ii 496.
Clereval, ii. 609.
Clermont, ii. 476. 552.
en argonne, li. 414. 58S.
en Beanvaifis, ii. 388.
Clery, ii. 540.
Clevc, iv. 370. 74.
Cleule, iii. 20.
Ciifkings, iii 367.
Cjifcon, iii. 400.
INDEX.
Clingenberg, iv. 528.
Clingnau, iii. 726.
Clinows, ii. 105.
Cliflli, ii. 96,
ClifTon, ii. 519.
Clithcro, iii. 403.
ClitLimnu?, iii. 153.
Clobucli, ii. 106.
Cloghan, ii. 442.
Cloglier, iii. 442.
Clonchy, iii.
439.
Clonetort, iii.
444.
Clonello, iii. 445.
Clonemorris, iii.
443.
Clonifli, iii. 440.
Clon-Mac Owen, iii. 444,
Clonmcll, ibid.
Cloncmoglian, iii.
439.
Clonwilliam, iii. 444.
Clopncnburg, iv. 328.
Cloiicny, iii.
439.
Cloyne, iii. 445.
Clunlona, üi. 439.
Cluny, ii. 427.
Clus, iii. 689.
Clule, iii. 20.
Clulbn, r.' iii. 32.
vale, iii. 34.
Clyde, r. iii. 420.
Clydcldale, iii. 420.
Clye, iii.
337.
Coblenz, iv. 552.
Cubray, r. ii. 537.
Coburg, vi. 2,1- 39-
Coca, ii. 309.
Cocaio, iii. 90.
Cochem, iv. 551.
Cochino, ii. 148.
Cockenny, iii. 417.
CockcrmoLith, iii. 4CO.
Coczin, ii. -ib^.
Codeceino, ii. ? 10.
Codoeno, iii. 50.
Coesfeld, iv. 326.
Coeüef, i. 164.
Coerri.";, ii. 387.
Coggefliai, iii. 326.
Cügolin, ii, 453.
Cogoreto, iii. 105.
Coja, ii. 205.
Coignac, ii. 509.
Coimbr.i, ii, 205.
Coina, ii. 222.
Coire, iii. 768.
Coiflen, ii. 519.
Col de pertrus, ii. 243.
Colatco, iii. 92.
Colberg, vi. 96.
Cülbrook, iii. 323,
Colchcfter, iii. 325.
Cold-Batli, iii. 313.
Coldingen, vi, 299. 300.
Coldingham, iii. 416.
Colditz, v. 592.
Coldftream, iii. 416.
Colerain, iii. 442.
ColeOiill, iii. ^d^.
Colriorito, iii. 151.
Coligny, ii. 428.
Coli, i. iii. 425.
Collarcs, ii. 216.
Colle, iii. 125.
Colleterro, iii. 172.
Collifut-e, ii, 487.
Collonata, iii. 66.
Collüs, ii. 226.
Colmar, v. 8.
Colmars, ii. 456.
Colm, i. 445.
Colmberg, v. 445.
Coin, 665.
Colne, iii. 403.
Colobiano, üi. 27.
Colochina, ii. 145.
Coloeza, ii. 42.
Cologn, iv. 512, 558.
Colombierc la Gaillarde,
ii.
474-
Colombütz, ii. 126.
Colomer, i ii. 328.
Colone, ii. 14b.
Colonna la, iii. i 72.
Colonna Rubicone, iii. 145,
Colonia, iii. 425.
Colorno, iii. 57.
CoUlrup, i. 155.
Columbatz,

.
Columbatz, Hi. 125.
Columbu.n, iii. 266,
Coluri, iii. 150.
Com.ichio, iii. 142.
Comba do Dao, ii. 205.
Combe la, iii. 20.
Comb Martin, iii. 260.
Comboury, ii. 520.
Combraiilcs, ii.
5 3.
Comenges, ii. 505.
Upper, ii. 505.
Lower, ii. 506.
Comerfreit, v. 354.
Comfans, iii. 22.
Comines, ii. 56b'.
Cominges, ii. 472.
Commerci, ii. 589.
Communs, i. 198.
Como, iii.
49.
Comonava, ii. 138.
Comorra, ii. 46.
Compare Val di, ii. 160.
Comper, ii. 520.
Compiegne, ii. 386.
Compignano, iii. 152.
Compofta, iii. 22.
Compredon, iii. 325.
Comley, iii. 444.
Conaght, iii. 443.
Conca, iii. 170.
Concerneau, ii. 522.
Concheft, ii. 520.
Conclies, ii. 520.
Concordia, iii 6^, 93.
Concoriaiijt, ii.
ßßg.
Concoufeaut, ii.
559.
Conda, i. 472.
Coiide, ii. 5'32--70-So.
Condexa a Vekra, ii. 203.
Condoma, r. i. 471.
Condom, ii. 500.
Condon, iii.
445.
Condiieiix, ii.
549.
Condroz, iv. 3^54.
Condun, ii. 3^6.
Confians, iii. 22.
Conflans, ii.382, 1S7, 588,
Congleton, iii. 383.
INDEX.
Coni, iii. 2^-
Conigliano, iii. 92.
Conil, ii. 287.
Conitz, i. 638,
Connaiight, iii.
443.
Connel, iii. 437.
Conneru, vi. 195.
Connor, iii, 441
Conques, ii.
499.
Conquer, ii. 523.
Confa, iii. 198.
Confagra, iii. 212.
Confelve, iii. 851.
Confenza, iii. 200.
Conlcrano, ii. 506.
Conftadc, iii. 578.
Conftantina, ii. 282.
Conftantinople, ii. 138.
Conftantinow, i, 6ri.
Conftance, v, 162.
Confiiegra, ii. 301.
Contentayna, ii. 298.
Contefa, ii. 136.
Contras. ii. 542.
Conty, ii. 400.
Converfano, iii. 204.
Conway, iii. 413.
Conzay, iii. 198.
Cooiavan, iii.
443.
Coole, iii. 443.
Cooleck, iii.
435.
Copenhagen, i. 85.
Copilowatz, ii. 1 26.
Copparberg, i. 329.
Copper, iii. 640.
Coppinflia, iii. 432.
Coquella, ii. 405.
Corbach, v. 99.
Corbau, ii.
97.
Corbeil, ii. 385.
Corbers, iii. 685.
Corbie, ii. 401.
Corbieres, ii. 474.
Corbigny, ii. 388, 544.
Cord(/va, ii. 289.
Cordoneroiir le, ii. 494.
Corfc caftle, ii). 2()6.
Coxfie, !. ii. 160.
Corgo, Ii. 197.
Corgund, i. 200.
Cori, iii. 172.
Coria, ii. 277.
Corinna, i. 265.
Cougliano, iii. 199.
Corinrh, ii. 144.
Cork, iii. 446.
Corkaguine, iii. 445.
Corkelib, iii. 445.
Corkerry, iii,
439.
Corligno, iii. ^6.
Corletro, iii. 199.
Corlin, vi. gy.
Cormeilles, ii. 529.
Cormery, ii. 563.
Cormicy, ii. 413.
Cornelhao, ii. 195.
Corneto, iii. 158.
Corniglia, iii. 104.
Cornouaille, ii. 522.
Cornwall, iii. 255.
Coron, ii. 146.
Corps, r. iii.
319, 437.
Corran, iii. 443.
Corregaio, iii. 64.
Corren, iii. 443.
Corfica, i. iii. 109.
Corfier, iii. 639.
Cortigos, ii. 198.
Cortona, iii. 125.
Corrryck, iv. 296.
Corunna, ii. 265.
Corvey, iv. ^60.
Corvo, ii. 238.
Corvol i'oigueilleux,ii. 545.
Cos, ii. 219.
Cosbrid, iii. 444.
Coiel, i. 164, vi. 594.
Coihlea, iii. 445.
Colbma, iii. 445.
Cofhmare, iii. 444.
Colic, iii. 786.
Coilea, iii. 445.
Cofrnin, i. 590.
Cofmopoli, Hi. 132.
Cofnc, ii. >;43.
Coioeiii) iii. 42.
CüfToway,

.
de
.
de
Cofloway, üi. 639.
Coflbwa, ii. 124.
Coftello, iii. 443.
Coltanz, iv. 244.
Codera, iii. 112.
Coftua, iv. 220.
Cofwick, vi. 109.
Cofzlin, vi. 96.
Cotantes, ii. 531.
Cothen, vi. iü6.
Cothus, vi. ?o.
Cotilaw, i. 444.
Cohone, iii. 200.
Cotfwold, iii.
354.
Covafma, iii. 1
13.
Coucy, ii. 388.
Coudekeike, ii. 572.
Covel, iii. 424.
Coventry, iii. 364.
Covilhaa, ii. 210.
Coulange lavineufe, ii. 424.
fur Yonne, ibid.
Coulogne, ii. 405.
Coulomicas, ii. 418.
Couloubrieres ii.
453.
Counel, iij. 437.
Cüura, ii. 193.
Coureze, ii. ßSS-
Courlon, r. i. 654.
Cournillon, ii.
457.
Courtebonne, ii. 404.
Courtcnay, ii.
395.
Courtezon, ii. 444-
Court ray, iv. 296.
Coutanees, ii. 531.
Couta do Ermida, ii. 208.
Moftein, ii. 211.
Coutos, ii. 194.
arazide tie bifpo,
ii. 205.
Coutras, ii. 494.
Coutres, ii. 543.
Cowbridge, iii. 409.
Cowean, iii.
437-
Cowel, iii. 424.
Cowes, iii. 287.
Cowpar, 422.
Cüxbull, i. 164.
Cracow, i. 597.
INDEX.
Cragp.ona, iii. 66.
Craiburg, v. 340*
Crail, iii. 422.
Crakau, v. 759.
Cranagli, iii.
437.
Cranbrook, iii. 313,
Cranenburg, iv. 375.
Cranfac, ii.
499.
Craon, ii. 567.
Crapino, iii. 206.
Crapone, ii. 483.
Crato, ii. 2?9.
Craulheim, iv. 529.
Crawford-Lindley, iii. 420.
IVIoor, iii. 420.
Crecy, ii. 401.
Crediton, iii. 261.
Crecklade, iii. 279.
Crefeld, iv. 427.
Cregiingen, v. 448.
Creichgaw, vi. 487.
Creil, ii. ^Sß.
Creilflieim, v. 446.
Crema, iii. 91.
Cremafco, iii. g6.
Cremecu, i. 440.
Cremmen, v. 660,
Cremnitz, ii. 32.
Cremona, iii. 50.
Cremone, iii. 440.
Creon, ii.
494.
Crequy, ii. 407.
Crefcentino, iii.
27'
Crefpy, ii, 385.
Creflbne, r. ii.
543.
Creft, ii. 442.
Crete, I. ii. 155.
Crevacor, ii. 67.
Crevant, ii. 424.
Crevecoeur, ii. 570.
Creufen, v. 425.
Creufe, r. ii.
335.
Creutzburg, vi. 565.
Creutzlingen, iii. 707.
Crichingen, ii. 585.
Cricoli, iii. 8g.
Crikfea, iii. 324.
Crimmitzfcliau, vi. 609.
Crim-peninfula, ii. 169.
Crlm-ftaroi, ii. 172.
Crifpino, iii. 142.
Croatia, ii, 92.
Croe, ii.
557.
Croia, ii. 140.
Croifetta, ii. 612.
Croifie, ii. 519.
Croifiile, iii. 20.
Croix, ii.
407.
de Lenti, iii. 112,
Cromar, iii. 427.
Cromere, iii. 336.
Cromor, iii.
337.
Cromertye, iii. 429. 30.
Cron, ii. 574.
Crone, i. 638.
Cronach, v. 369.
Cronsberg, i. 279.
Crofia, iii. 199.
Crofs, iii. 425.
Croflen, v. 625.
Croftolo, iii. 61.
Crotoy, ii. 402.
Crottela, iii. 21.
Crowland, iii. 371.
Croydon, iii. 297.
Crozini, iii. 114.
Crugna, ii. 310.
Cruiy, ii. 474.
Cruckftown, iii. 420.
Cfaba, ii. 71.
Cfabrag, ii. 36.
Cfage, ii. 70.
Cfakovar, ii.
y^-
Cfakthurn, ii. 50.
Cfakvar, ii. yo.
Cfanad, ii. 71.
Cfawnik, ii.
57.
Cfeiko, ii. 34.
Cfeithe, ii. 25.
Cfekles, ii. 20.
Cfenger. ii. 6g.
Clepel, ii. 4.2.
Cfepreg, ii. 45.
Cferepes, ii. 64.
Cfernek, ii. 91.
Cfernigrad, ii. 90.
Cfezzneck, ii. 91.
Cfezzte, ii. 20.
Cfik

Cfik-Szaneda,
Cfikvar, ii. 48.
Cibtoitok, ii. 20.
Cfoka, ii. 48.
Cfongrad, ii. 65.
Cucceron, ii. 45S.
Ciidrefin, iii. 64 i.
Cuellar, ii. 309.
Cuenca, ii. 302.
Cuera, ii, 318.
Cuers, ii. 453.
Cuevafas, ii. 300.
Cui Guiily, iii.
4J9.
Cujaria, i.
593.
Cuiily, iii. 609.
Cuivin, iv. 334.
Culeone, iii. 131.
Culenga, i.
473.
CuUen, iii. 428.
Cullinah, iii. 438.
Culliron, iii. 263.
Cu!m,_i. 527-
Culmain, v. 354.
Culmbach, v. 415, 420,
Culrufs, iii. 422.
Curriiinia little, ii. 43.
great, ii. 66.
Cumber, iii. 442.
Cumberland, iii. 398.
Cumbrays great and little,
iii. 423.
Cumtich, iv. 265.
Cuna, iv. 136.
Cundro, iii. 214.
Cuneo, ii^ 30.
Cunio, ibid.
Cunningham, iii. 420.
Cuppis, i. ^67.
Curellos, ii. 207.
Currefaar, i. 425.
Curringham, iii. 324.
Curcifche haf, r. i. 530.
Curzola, ii.
95.
Curzolari, i. 11. 160.
Curuche, ii. 229.
Culgat, ii.
555.
Cytharon, ii. 142.
Czanatzlimana, ii. 133.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Cnarnkow, i. 5 So.
Czartorysk, i. 613.
Czaflaw, iv. 78.
Cznaliiiki, i. 624.
Czaftolowice, iv. 75.
Czckow, i.
597.
Czeptice, iv. 78.
Czelirin, i. 611.
Czenorca, iii. 113.
Czenftochowa, i. 598.
Czerfl

Däuphine, ii. 432.
Dauvergne, ii.
553.
Daxenbach, v. 220.
Deal, ii. 306
Debenham, iii. 330.
Debretzen, ii, 70.
Dcckendorf, v. 349.
Deckingen, v. 262.
Deddington, iii.
354.
Dedelfa, ii. 64.
Detce, iii. 438.
Dces, ii. 80.
Degerby, i. 371.
Dehune, r. ii. 420.
Deicho, vi. 19.
Deina, vi. 547.
Dtiniken, iii. Cßß.
Delling, iv. 87.
Deita, ii. 20.
Deiva, iv. 104.
Ddden, iii. 545.
Delebio, iii. ybO.
Dclfinc, ii. 14.
Delfland, iii. 501.
Dcltüjaven, iii. 489.
Del fr, ibid.
Delfzyl, iii. 489.
Deli, ii. 151.
Delia la, iii. 216.
Delichi, r. ii. 139.
Delitzch, V. 586.
Delkenhcim, v. 76.
Deime, ii. 583.
Delmenhorft, iv. 447,
Dtrioito, iii. 205.
Delos, ii. 151.
Delphos, ii. 143.
Dcllperg, v. 13.-
Delver vi. 414.
Delyn, iii._439-
Demara, ii. 160.
Demianfk, i. 510.
Demitrovitz, ii. 44,
Demmin, vi. 84.
Den'ioiit, iii.
25-
Demotica, ii. 134.
Dempzien, vi,
Demlciiin^ i. 460.
378'.
INDEX.
Denain, ii. 570.
Denbigh, iii. 412.
-< Hiire, ibid.
Dendcrmonde, iv. 298,
Deneuvre, ii. 583.
Dcnia, ii. 298.
Denling, v. 319.
Denmark, i. 6j.
Denta, ii.
73.
Deols, ii. 560.
Depignano, iii. 200,
Depttord, iii. 3 12.
Derben, vi. 188.
Derby, iii.
^yy.
fhire, iii. 376.
Derenburg, vi. 56.5.
Dermbach, v. 20.
Dernis, ii. c)i).
DciTana, iii. 27.
Dcrfaw, i. 6;}y.
Derval, ii. 518,
Des, ii.
79.
Defana, iii. S7.
Deiees, iii. 444.
Deferzano, iii. 90.
Dcfife, ii. ßj,^.
Defmond, iii. 445.
Defna, ii. 71.
Defnia, ii. 50.
Dcfolation, i. 249.
Deflau, vi. 102.
Defzna, ii, 71.
Detfurt-Salz, vi, 435.
Decko, ii. 65.
Decmold, iv. 457.
Detreko, ii. 22.
Dettelbach, v. 407.
Detcingen, vi. 528.
Deva, ii. 27:.
—— r. ii. 268.
Deven, ii. 22.
Deventer, iii. 542.
Devizes, iii.
277,
Deula, r. iii. 396.
Dcunie, i, 529.
Deume new, i.
547.
Devonfbire, ii. 258.
Dcuieii, vi. 405,
Deulikem, iii. 478.
Deutfclibrodt, iv. 78.
DeutfcIiCndorf, i. 603.
Deutlch-Eylau, i.
555.
Deutfchprobem, li. 24.
Deux Ponts, v. 31.
Deyeroe, i. 152.
Deynach, v. 193,
Diano, iii. 197.
Dickrich, iv. 284.
Didymotychus, ii. 143*
Die, ii. 442.
Dieburg, iv. 527.
Diedenhofen, ii.
ßyy.
Dienz, vi. 155.
Diedilow, i.
455.
Diepholz, iv. 485.
Dieppe, ii, 526.
Dierdorf, iv. 433.
Diernftein, iv. 176,
DiefTen, v. ^25-
Dietfurr, v. 346.
Dietmanoried, v. 173.
Dietweii, iii. 729.
Dietz, v. 8g.
Dieu la Fit, ii. 442.
Dieulouard, ii, 589.
Dieteborn, vi. 169.
Diertein, vi. 176.
Diewfe, ii. ^84.
Digne, ii. 456.
DijaJul'iina, i. 482.
Dijcn, ii. 421.
Dillerbiirg, iv. 414.
Dillingen, v, 167.
Diefheimj v. 122.
Diefperg, iv. 582,
Dirnen great, i. 21.u
—little i. i. 2 14,
Dinan, ii. 520.
Dinant, 3^3.
Dingelfing, v. 343.
Dingle, iii, 445.
Dingwall, iii. 430.
Di.nkelsbunt, v. 298.
Dinkelkherben, v. 168-.
Dinow, i. 60g.
Diiiflaken, iv, 37S.
Dios

Diois, ii. 442.
Diokovir, ii. 91.
Diomecks, i. 471,
Dionifias, i. ii. 154,
Dionifiüpüii, ii. 127.
Dios Gyoi, ii. 64.
Dippoldiiwalda, v. 572.
Dirl'cli;i'.i, i. 6^1.
Dirfcheim, i.
544.
Dis, iii.
339.
Difco, i. 245.
Difibfclenberg, vi. 82.
Difentis, iii. 762.
Dilnago, ii* 81.
Diflenhofen, iii. 709.
Ditmarfch, vi. 408, 413.
Dive, r. ii. 524.
Divin, ii.
37.
Diurfholm, ii. 318,
Dizum, iv. 422,
Dobberan, vi. 380,
Doblein, i. 66^.
Doboka, ii. 80.
Doborga, ii. 22,
Dobra, ii. 52.
Dobring, ii. 31.
Dobrona, ibid.
Dobriniwa, ibid.
Dobrucia, ii. 127,
Dobrufche, ibid.
Dobrufka, iv. 2 j.
Dobrzany, iv. 87,
Dobzzyn, i. ^9^.
Dobfcliau, ii. 63,
Dobfchcnek, i. 461.
Dodbrook, iii. 259.
Doe, ii. 565.
Doesburg, iii.
478, 479.
Dofiefield, i. 174.
D&gela, iii. 412.
Dokkum, iii. 534..
Dole, ii. 519.
Dolav/, vi. 13^.
Dolce aqua, iii.
35.
Dolgelly, iii. 412.
Dolitz, vi. 88..
Dolnftein, v. 435,
DoJftadt, i. 54S.
I N D E X.
Domans, vi. 549.
Dombes, ii. 430.
Doiiibovar, ii.
49.
Dombrofken, i. 551.
Doinbromil, i. 609.
Domburg, iii. 518.
Dome d'Ofcella, iii, 40.
Dnmefnes, i, 66"/.
Domfront, ii.
^^2-
Domitz, vi. 378, 380.
Domme, ii. 495.
Dommitfzfch, v.. 461, 581.
Dompeire, ii. 582.
Dom Remy, ii. 417.
Don, r. i. 412.
Donaueichingen, v. 263.
Donau wert, v. 333,
Donauftaf, v. 366.
Doncafter, iii.
387.
Donchery, ii. 414.
Dondangen, i. 66y..
Donez, i. 467.
Doniuwerftal, iii. 538.
Donkow, i. 466.
Donnamore, iii. 443.
Donnegal, iii. 442.
Donnermark, ii.
59.
Donnezang, ii. 404,
Donlere, ii.
443.
Donzy, ii. 545.
Doi-nward, iii.
433,
Dorbo, ii. 145.
Dorchefter, iii. 265.
Dordogne, ii. 492.
Dorflio, vi. 44.
Dorfen, v. 342.
Dorfmark, vi. 267,
Dorheim, v. 166.
Dormans, ii. 41 1.
Dornas, ii. 220.
Dornburg, vi. 29, loS.
Dorneck, ii. 691.
Dornellas, ii. 196.
Dorniian, v, 200.
Domigheim, v. 1C9.
Dornock, iii. 403.
Dornftetten, v. 194.
Dornum, iv. 424.
Dorog-Doipat, i. 424.
Dorfetfliire, iii. 264.
Dorlten, iv. ß66.
Dortelweil, v. 147.
Dortmund, iv, 515,
Dort, iii. 483. _
Dofa, ii. 66.
Douarnenes, ii. 522.
Douay, ii. ß6^.
Dover, iii. 306.
Douglas, iii. 420.
Doulens, ii. 400.
Dourdan, iii.
393.
Douro, ii. 177, 244.
Down, iii. 440.
Downham, iii. 338.
Downpatrick, iii. 441.
Downton, iii. 281.
Draanga, i. 231.
Drachten, iii.
537.
Drae, ii.
49.
Drae, vi. 418,
Dragonaria, iii. 2c6.
Dragonera, ii. 318.
Dragnignan, ii.
453.
Draheim, ii. 590.
Dramburg, vi. 141.
Dranimen, i. 185.
Drancy le Chatel, ii. 417,,
Dransfeld, vi. 320.
Drave, r. ii. 6.
Draxholm, i. 105.
Drayton, iii' 381.
Drebach, v. 604.
Drebnitz, i. 646.
Dregely, ii. 36.
Drengfurt, i. 551;.
Drennowatz, ii. 126.
Drenthe, iii. 551.
Drefden, v. 56S.
Dreffina vale of, iii. Sg^
Dreve, iii.
545.
Dreux, ii. 390,
Dreyflacken, iv. 92.
Dreifz, iv. 508.
Dreyleben, vi. 181.
Driebergen, iii. 528.
Driedorf, iv. 414.
Dricl,,

•
•
Loe,
Dricl, iii. 476.
Drielen, vi. 13.
Drin, ii.
139.
Drio, ii. 154,
Drivico, ii. 124.
Drivafto, ii. 139.
Drogheda, iii, 440.
Drogiczyn, i. 606.
Drohobye, i. 609.
Droitwich, iii. 362.
Drolfhagen, iv. 571.
Drome, ii. 432.
Dromorc, iii. 441.
JVonningberg; i. 132.
Dronficld, iii. 376.
Drontheim, i. 202.
Drolfau, iv. 87.
DrolTendorf, iv. 176.
Droflcn, vi. 151.
Droftningholm, i. 330.
Drubec, vi. 146.
Drugy, ii. 401.
Drumbair, iii. 443.
Drumlanrig, iii. 419.
Drufenheim, ii. 60.
Dryberg, iv. 31S.
Drylchor, iii. 318.
Duare, ii. loi.
Duben, v. 588.
Diibicez, i. 609.
Dubinki, i. 618.
Dubitz, ii. 94.
Dubifza, ii. 122,
Dublin, Hi. 435.
Dubno, i. 613.
Dubrowna, i. 623.
Duchezow, iv 94.
Duclair, ii. 527.
Dudeiihoffn, v. 108.
Duderftadt, iv. 541.
Dudley, iii. 363.
Duegnoo, ii. 275.
Dueleke, iii. 438.
Duefme, ii. 423.
Dufieri'ii, iii. 410.
L'ufFwe fcrt, i. 336.
Duglas, iii. 280.
Duinen, vi. 310.
I N D r X.
Duilburg, iv. 379.
Duiveland, iii. 522.
Dulcigno, ii. 139.
Dulichium, ii. 260.
Dulman, iv. 324.
Dumbarton, iii. 422.
Dumblain, iii. 426.
Dumbritton, iii. 422.
Dumfries, iii. 419.
Dun, ii. 576.
les places, ii.
545.
le Roi, ii.
59 1 .
Duranfdorf, i. 603.
Duras, ii. 49C.
Durazzo, ii. 140.
Durbach, ii. 85.
Durben, i. 662.
Durbuy, iv. 284.
Durham, Biflioprick of, iä.
Duna, i. 416.
Dunaburg, i. 624.
Dunamunde, i. 423.
Dunavez, ii. c,'^.
Dunballo, iii. 445.
Dunbar, iii. 417.
Dunbarton, iii. 423.
Dunboyne, iii. 438.
Dunbriuon, iii. 422.
Duncannon, ii.
437.
Dnndalk, iii. 440.
Dundee, iii. 427.
Dunfreis, iii. 419.
Dungannon, iii. 442.
Dungarvan, iii. 445.
Dungenei's, iii. 304.
Dungsbyhead, iii. 431.
Dunkeld, iii. 426.
Dunkiron, iii. 445.
Dunkirk, ii. 571.
Dun le roi, ii.
459.
Dunluce 7--
caftle r"-++^-
Dunmow, iii. 326.
Dunnegai, iii. 442.
Dunnington, iii. 372.
Dunnur, iii. 420.
Dunois, ii. 540.
Dunrobin, iii. 431.
Duns, iii. 416.
Dunftable, iii.
^43.
Dunfcallage, iii. 424,
Duniler, iii. 270.
Dunwich, iii. 33'2.
Durance, r. ii.
334, 532.
Duraiigo, ii. 271.
394-
city 111.
395.
Durkheim, v. 143.
Durlacli, v. 221.
Durlfdorf, i. 503.
Durmiting, v. 369.
Durwangen, v. 237.
Durfley, iii. 358.
Durtal, ii. 565.
Duficldorf, iv. 407.
Duytz, iv. 864.
Dwina, r. i. 412, 448.
Dyck, iv. 507.
Dyrhenfurt, vi. 538.
D yfaro rd u r, i . 231.
Dyfart, iii. 422.
Dzwina, i. 416.
F.
Ealing, iii. 323.
Eaft Bourne, iii. 302.
'
Dereham, iii.
339.
Grinftead, iii. 301.
——• Lothian, iii. 417.
iii. 257.
Meath, iii. 438.
Retford, iii.
374.
Riding, 387.
Eaton, iii.
349.
Eaufe, ii. 504.
Ebeen, v. 406.
Ebeendorf, v. 364.
Ebeleben, vi. 122.
Ebehofr, i. 124, 134.
Ebenhaufen, v. 404.
Ebenheit, v. 577.
Eber, r. v. 34.
Eberbach, iv. 583.
Eberhard, ii. 20.
Ebermanftadt, v. 391.
Ebersburg, vi. 142.
Eberfdorf, vi. 57.
Eberfpunt,

Eberfpeunt, v. 343.
Eberflieim, ii.
599.
Ebcrftatt, iv. 73.
Eberftert, iv. 30.
Eberfteim, v. 273.
Ebesfalva, ii. 81.
Ebingen, v. 200.
Eboli, iii. 197.
Ebrouille, ii. gß^-
Ebro, r. ii. 245.
Ebftorf, vi. 25S.
Euiib Werbens, ii. 134.
Eccles, iii. 416,
Ecclefliall, iii. 378.
Ecclefton, iii. 403.
Echelles, iii. 21.
Echid, ii. 6g.
Echt, iii. 568,
Echzel, V. 6ß.
Echartfberga, v. .^56.
Eckelnforhde, i. i 64.
Eckero, i. 366.
Eckholmfund, i. 317.
Eckülflieim, v^ 393.
Eckmuli, V. 35.
Ecouis, ii. 527.
Edam, iii. 508.
EdemifTen, vi. 262;
Eden, i. 662.
Edenburg, ii.
44,
EdeiTa, li. 138.
Edgehill, iii. ^6^.
Edgware, iii.
333,
Edinburgh, iii. 417.
Edmonton, iii.
323.
Edfborg, i. 290.
Edfliolm, ibid.
Edlwike, i.
313.
Eeija, ii. 289.
Eemland, iii. 550.
EiFerding, iv. 17.
E:tje, i.
194.
Ega, ii. 218.
Egaland, i.
194,
Egar, i. 185.
fund, i. 196.
Egfln, vi. 179. J 8 I.
Eger, iv. 98.
Vol. YI.
INDEX.
Egerzcg, ii. 31.
Eglof, V. 280.
Egenburg, iv. 175.
Eggenfelden, v. 344.
Egglefton, iii.
392.
Egiflieim, ii.
ßgg.
Eghngen, v. 282.
Eglington, iii. 420.
Eglifau, iii. 605.
Eglifna, iii. 432.
Egn)ond, iii.
509.
Egremont, iii. 400.
Egres, ii. 72.
Egripos, ii. 150.
Ehenheim, ii.
597.
Ehingen, iv. 250.
Ehrenberg, iv. 233. v. 21.
Ehrenburg, i.
798.
Ehrenbreitftein, iv. 552.
Ehrenfels. v. 377.
Ehrenfriedefdorf, v. 603,
Ehrenllein, v, 124.
Ehrenfelden, v. 122.
Ehrlibach, iii. 603.
Eich, vi. 340.
Eichenbuhl, iv. 528.
Eickmedin, i. 564.
Eickel, iv. 396.
Eicksfeld, iv. 530.
Eicklingen, vi. 265.
Eickftett, V. 432.
Eider, i. 143.
Eiderftedt, i. 15. 799.
Eidefheim, v. i i,
Eidfvaldj i. 190.
Einbeck, vi. 723.
Eien, i. 201.
Eienhurg, v. 588.
Eindhoven, iii. 756.
EinerHieim, v. 506,
Einfidle, ii.
59.
Einfidlen, iii. 658. 60.
Einville, ii. 5S1.
Eifack, iv. 237.
Eifdorf, ii.
59.
Eifenach, vi, 3 i,
Eifenartz, iv. 197.
Eifenbach, vi. 505.
4S
Ei fen berg, vi. .37.
Eifenbroa, iv.
7 ;.
Eifef)burg, ii. 52.
Eifcnhcim, ii. 604.
Eifenthor, ii. 83.
Eifenftadr, ii.
44.
Ejup, ii. J 23.
JJucnberg, v. 57g.
Eifzfeld, vi. 42.
Eifleben, vi. «32,
Eka, i.
331.
Ekan, i. 064.
Ekaterinburg, i. £02.
Ekbcl, ii. 25.
Ekebery, i. 327.
Ekebyholm, i. 31S.
Ekeholm, i. 286.
Ekeren, iv, 275.
Ekefio, i. 282.
Ekholm, i. 318.
Eladma, i. 466.
E.'aphifes, ii.
gß.
Elba, i. iii. 131. 2.
Elbe, r. iv. 8.
Elbeuf, ii.
529.
Elbing, i. 651,
Elbingerode, vi. 280. i,
Elburg, iii. 4S2.
Elche, ii.
297.
Elchegen, v. 247.
El convento de Calatrava,
ii. 301.
Elda, ii.
297.
Eidayfen, vi. 295.
Eldbüe, i.
137.
Eldenu, vi. 380.
Eldeno, vi. 8j.
Ekfdon, iii, 397.
EieflcOj-ii. 26.
Elfdal, i, 328.
Elfkarleby, i. 318.
Elflborg, i.
387.
Elfwedal, i.
293.
Elg, iii, 604.
Elgin, iii. 428.
Elias, i. 524.
E-lioyurty, iii.
444.
Elifabetliof, i.
430
Ėllehom.

Elleholm, i. 308.
Ellemeet, iii. p,22.
Ellerena, ii. 2S0.
Ellefdon, iii.
297-
Ellefmere, iii. 3b' 2.
Ellwangen, v. 170.
Elmen, v. 180.
E.lmfhorn, vi. 454.
EliTit, iii. ß6(^.
Einbogen,, iv. ^i.
Eine, ii. 487.
Elphin, iii. 44^
Elrich, vi. 169.
Elfinore, i.
99.
Eifnaben, i. 322.
Eifterberg, v. 613.
Elfterwerda, v. ^y^.
Eiterten, v. 604.
Elcham, iii, 305.
Eltmann, v, 406,
Eltvil, iv. 57.5.
Elvas, ii. 227.
Elverfeld, iv. 410.
Eivifo, ii. 301.
Ely, iii. 34p. 422.
Elza, vi. 431.
Erna, r; i. 279.
Embach, r. i. 416.
Emboli, ii. 136.
Embrach, iii. 604,
Embro, ii. 147.
E-imbrun, ii. 438.
Embs, v. 278.
Emden, iv. 421.
Emirkoi, ii. 133.
Emkirch, v. 83.
Emly, iii. 444.
t mmendengen, V. 222.
Emmerech, iv. 380.
Emmerief, i. 141.
Emperio,. ii. 158.
Empoii, iii. 125,
Ems, r. iv. 31.3.
Ems, V. 77.
Emflicrcher, v. 127,
Enaruiby, i. 360.
Enchenreufh, v. 395.
Endelaue, 1. 1,06. 132.
Kodinlkgij i. pi8.
INDEX.
Eppingen, iv. Endoe, i. 106.
Epping, iii. 324. Efchenbach, iii. 646.
Enfias, ii. 2oß.
Epfom, iii.
583.
207.
Enfield, iii. 323.
Epflein, v. 75,
Engaging iii.
775.
Epternack, iv. 283.
Enged, ii. 82.
Erbach, v. 497. 499,
Engelberg, iii. 741.
Erbefbach, v. 343.
Engelboftel, vi. 301. Erdeborn, vi. 139.
Engelholm, i. 304.
Erdod, ii. 69,
Engel fbiirg, i. 646.
Erfurt, iv. 532. 534.
Engelfholm, i. 138.
Ergers, ii.
593.
Engelftcin, i.
553.
Erguel, iii. 816.
Engen, v. 242.
Ericeira, ii, 216.
Enger, iv. 472. v. 242. Erichfberg, i. 320.
Engers, iv, ß^^.
Erichfburg, vi. 327.
Enghun, i. 305.
Erichfhagen, vi. 303..
Engia, ii. 150,
Erik, i. 229..
England, iii. 255.
Erith, iii. 342.
Englimene, ii. 160.
Erkelens, iv. 404.
Englis, v. 51.
Erkenbach, v. 147.
Engtbn, i.
325,
Erkheim, v. 295.
Eniiliowen, iii. 442.
Erla, L 4^24.
Enirteoge, iii. 437,
Ellach, iii. 625. v. 575:
Enkiopmg, i. 317,
Erlang, v. 427.
Eniftown, iii. 444.
Erlangen, i. 78.
Enkhuifen, iii, 508.
Erlau, ii. 65,
Ennery,,ii, ^js..
Ermeland, i.
545.
l'^nnifkorthy, iii.
437.
—— Polifli, i. 652-.
Enola, iii. 194.
Ermello, ii. 192,
Enontechis, 1. 360.
Ermfleben, vi, 362..
Ens, iv.. 183..
Ernee, ii.
535.
Enfchede, iii.
515.
Ernflhal, vi. 160.
Enfiflieim, ii. 604.
Erra, ii. 222.
Entlibuch, iii. 648.
Erris, iii. 443.
Entradas, ii. 226.
ErfiUon, iii. 416.
Entraigues, ii, 498.
Erflein, ii.
599.
Entraime, ii. 536.
ErthalnniD,.!. 113..
Encreambos oi'rios, ii. 194:. E.rtfe, ii. 48.
douroeminho, ii. 191, Ervededo, ii. 196.
Entreva'AX, ii. 456.
Ervedofa, ii, 210.
Envendüs, ii. 229.
Erwählen, i. 668.
Enzerfdorf, iv. 172,
Erzen, vi. 3,12,.
Eolo, iii. 154.
Efcaies, ii. 405.
Epernon, ii. 540.
Efcalhao, ii. 210.-
Epfig, ii.
S9^-
Efcalona, ii. 205.
Epitan, i. 446.
Efchach, v. 297.
Epila, ii. 3 6. 1 Efchafens, iii.
735;
Epinal, ii. ^'S^-
Efchenau, V. 35. 455.
Efcherlheim,
i

Ffchcrfiieiin, v. 105.
Eichilduna, i. 321.
Efchwege, iv. 59.
Elchweiler, iv, 400.
Eiclees, iii. 64.
Elcouloubre, ii. 472.
Elcurial, ii. 303.
Efens, iv. 425.
Eiepel, i. 1 1. 42.
Elgueira, ii 203.
Efkdale, iii. 419»
Efla, r. ii. 274.
Elpagnac, ii. 481.
Eiparaguera, ii. 323.
Efpelunda, i. 327.
Efpera, ii. 284s
Efperance, ii. 606,
Efpernay, ii. 411.
Efpinofa dc las monteros,
ii. 311.
Efpofenda, ii.
EfTiy, ii. 523.
Eflck, ii. 90.
Eflel, vi. 267.
ig^.
Eflen, iv. 367.
Efl'enbeck, i. 132.
Eflerum, i.
99.
Efiex, iii. 323.
Eftain, ii. 498. 588.
Eftaiz, ii. 545.
Eftainpes, ii. 395.
EOc, iii. 85.
Efteila, ii- 313-
Eftepona, ii. 288.
Eftwal, ii. 582.
Eftombar, ii. 233.
,
Eftorn, ibid.
Eftroila, m. ii. 176.
Eftramadura, ii. 212.
Eftremos, ii. 22..
Efziarn, v. 353.
Efzing, V. 332.
Erzungen, v. 2 87.
Etaplcs, ii. 403.
Etoiies, ii. 442.
Eton, iii. 349.
Etries, ii. 401.
Etrcli, iv. 234.
l^tfed, ii. 65.
INDEX.
Ettenheim, ii.
599.
Ettlingen, v. 217.
Eu, ii. 526.
Evau.v, ii. 553.
Eveagh, iii. 441.
Eucliendorf, v. 344.
EubelRadt, v. 409.
Evernon, ii. 540.
Everfchop, 159.
Evefliam, iii. 361.
Eugenius Hyge, ii. 42.
Evian, iii. 20.
Eule, iv. 80.
Eulenberg, v. 457.
Evora, ii, 24.
monte, ii. 227.
Eure, iL 31.
Evere, ii. 558.
Evereux, ii. 526.
Everon, ii.
535.
Everfen, vi. 268.
Euripus, ii. 149.
Eufdale, iii. 419.
Eufenheiro, v. 404;
Eufkirchen, iv. 405.
Ewancice, iv, 113.
Exea, ii. 317.
Exeter, iii. 262.
Exilles, ii. 43S. iii.
34.
Exterendein, iv. 452,
Eyafiaala, i. 228-.
Eyafiorda, i, 226.
Eybenftock, v, 606.
Eye, iii. 330.
Eyenthal, iii. 648.
Eylau, i. 554. iv, 80.-
Eylenbacli, ii.
^g.
Ey mouth, iii. 416.
Eys, iv. 498.
Eytarbache, i, 229."
Eyton, iii. 416.
Ezeres, ii. 8 j.
F.
pAaborg, i. 116.
Fabico, iii. 64.
Fabil, iii.
439.
Fabriano, iii. 151.
tabrica, iiu 156.
Fackebitrg, i. 119.
Faenza, iii. 144,
Fact, iii.
33.
Faetano, iii. 151.
Fagerholm, i. 365.
Failde, ii. 199.
Fairford, iii. 355.
Fakenham, iii. ^2^-
Falaife, ii.
533.
Falces, ii. 33.
Falkenberg, i. ^05. v. 354.
vi. 595.
Falkenburg, vi. 14.
Falkenow, iv. 90.
Falkcnllein, ii. 585. iii. 688.
V- 137- ^'- 347- 614-
vi. 362. 3.
Falkioping, i. 293.
Falkirk, iii. 421.
Falkland, iii. 422.
Fallcrfleben, vi, 260,
Fallingboflel, vi. 267..
Falmoiich, iii. 256.
Falder, i. 121.
Falftcrbo, i. 300.
Faltfchii, ii. 166.
Falun, i.
329.
Famars, ii. 570.
Fameticao, ii. 195.
Famoan, i. 215.
Fanano, iii. 6^.
Fanjaux, ii. 472.
Fanu, i. 118.41. iii. 146. 2c8.
Face, i. 121,
Fara, iii. 432.
North, iii. 432.
Sonth, iii. 432.
Farabo, ii. 234.
Fargwele cape, i. 245.
Faringdon, iii. 290.
Faiis, i. 187.
Faro, i. 2S6. ii. 225. 33.
di Mefllna,
Farne, iii. 39S.
Farnrcda, vi. ^^.
Farnefe, iii. J 56.
Farnham, iii. 284.
Farnfpurg, iii. 67S.
Farce^

parrc, it. z\7.
Farvcl, ii 544.
Fafcian, iii. 204.
Fafladinig, iii.
4J7.
l-'atfad, ii. 72.
Favas, ii. 453.
Faucigny, iii. 20.
Faucüyne, ii. 608.
Faudal, i. 1S8.
Favignano, iii. 2 17.
Faiiqucmbcrg, ii. 40S.
Fauquemont, ii. 5^4.
Faultenberg, i. 114.
F.ixce, i.
iii.
Fayal, i. ii. 238.
Fayence, ii. 4.53.
Feanes, ii. 195.
Fearn, iii. 398.
Fearnis, iii. 436.
Featherd, iii.
437.
Fech, ii.
594
Fechach, vi. 410.
Fehrbeilen, v. 64.
Fehrenbach, v. 263,
Feiervar, ii. 82.
Feira, ii. 206.
Feiftorf, ii. 583.
Feitofa, ii. 196.
Feldbach, ii. 604.
Feidkirch, iv. 240.
Fcluciros, ii. 192.
Felicur, I. iii. 218.
Feligtie: ii. 211.
Feltin, i. 425.
Fclittin, ii.
ßsy.
Felittin, ii. 557.
pellfmala, i. 228.
Felfbcrg, v. 50.
Felftin, i. 609.
FeJtre, ii. 92.
Felvinz, I. ii. 84.
Femarlchefund, i. 165.
Fermern, i. 165.
Fermoe, i. 121.
Fena, ii. 278.
Fencckfar, ii. 51.
Feneflrelle, iii. 34.
Fennie, i. icjx.
INDEX.
Fenil, iii. 31.
Fenouille de, ii. 473.
Fen Szar, ii. 116.
Ferain, ii. 568.
Fere, ii. 398.
Champcnoife, ii. 411.
Fereira, ii. 234.
P'erentino, iii. 172.
Ferenza, Ii. 19S.
Fermanagh, iii. 443.
Fermo, iii. i5r.
Fermozelheo, ii. 205.
Fernby. iii. 404.
Fernes, iii, 456.
Fernitz, iv. 194.
Ferrand, iii. 372.
Ferrandina, iii. 199.
Ferrara, iii. 142.
Fenarias, li. 329.
Ferrerira, ii. 194, 220, 225.
de avis, ii. 207.
Ferrieras, ii. 448. '
Ferreire, ii. 203.
Ferro], ii. 266.
Ferfiiore, iii. 361.
Ferte h., ii. 526.
• a!a4, li.
394-
Aurain, ii. 542-
Bernard, ii.
545.
SurGrofne, ii. 427.
Imbaut, ii. 542.
Milon, ii. 386.
Seneterre, ii. 542.
Ferthofen, v. 267.
Fertices, iii. 31.
Ferwerderadeeeb, iii. §^6.
Fefcan, ii. 534.
Fetenberg, vi. 589.
Fcteira, ii. 234.
Fetiftan, ii. 123.
Fethard, iii. 444.
Feverfham, iii. 309.
Fench, v. 516.
Fenchling, iv. 212.
Fenchlebang, v. 446.
Feurs, ii.
549.
Feues, iii. 440.
Ferexizac, ii. 504.
•
Fer^nzaquel, ii. 504.,
Fiddicho, vi. 88.
Fidle, V. 197.
Fief- pot, ii. 561»
Fiend, i. 130.
Fierdkundrat, i. 300.
Fielble, iii. 126.
Fifefhire, iii, 42«,
Figear, ii-
497-
Figline, iii. 125,
Figueira, ii, 205.
da Granja, ii. 209.
Figueiro dos Viniioz,ii 220.
Figuera, ii. 239—321.
Fiholm, i. 320.
Fileck, ii.
37.
Filefield, i. 174.
Finale, iii. 6 2, 106, 108.
Finkenftein, i. §^6.
Findmarken, i. 207.
Findern, iii, 428,
Finifterre, i. 265.
Finlagan, iii. 424.
Finmark, i. 207.
Finfpang, i. 277.
Finfladt, i. 318.
Finfterwalda, v. 500.
Finftringen, ii. 585.
Fiorderna, i. 196.
Fiordfylke, i. 200.
Fiorcntino, iii. 125.
Fiorenzola, iii. 58.
Fiorenzuola, iii. 126.
Fifchamund, iv. 166.
Fifchberg, v. 13.
Fifchaufen, i. 544.
Fii'chau Werder, i. 649.
Fiichingen, ii. yoy.
Filhpan, iii. 313.
Filmes, ii. 413.
Fitzremes, ii. 5S9.
Firclingo, iii,
549.
Fiumara dl muro, iii, 201.
Fiumicino, iii, 159.
Fjumorbo, iii. 113.
Flacks ftockheim, vi. 436,
Flackeberg, i. 109.
Fiadftrand, i. 116,
Fladungen,

F'laJungcn, v, 405.
Flanders, iv. 289.
French, ii. /^(y-j.
Flafch, iii.
779.
Flatcy, I, i. 227, 291.
Flatholms, I. iii. 276.
Flavigny, ii. 425.
Fleche la, ii. c^6^.
Flcchenftein, ii. 601.
Flechere, ii. 431.
Flec'itorf, v. 100.
Fleckeroe, i. 194.
Flcnfburg, i.
153,
Fleflium, i. 128.
Fleurance, ii. 504.
Flieland, iii, 513.
Fiiefliome, iii. 313.
Films, iii. '](>i.
Flint, iii. 412.
lliire, iii. 412.
Flix, ii. 321.
Flochberg, v. 259.
Flor, i.
333.
Florae, ii. 481.
Florence, iii. 121.
Florenlac, ii.
475,
Flores, i.
333-
I. ii. 23S.
Florifda, ii. 303.
Flotta, iii. 432.
Flcfz, iii. 364.
Flothom, i. 226.
Floyfield, i. 175.
F'elulen, iii. 6:3.
Flügge, i. 160.
Flumbs, iii. 71 / •
Flumet, iii. 20.
Flufhing, iii. 517.
Fluvia, r. ii. 320.
Foare, iii.
439.
Fobbing, iii. 324.
F'ochia, ii. 124.
Fockingham, iii. 371.
Focklabruck, vi. 179.
Focognano, iii. 126.
Fogaras, ii. 83.
Foggia, iii. 285.
Fohr, i. I AI, 150.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Foix, ii. 483.
Foix L'pper, ibid.
Lower, ii. 4S3.
Fokivar, ii.
49.
j-'oldvinz, ii. 84.
F;)!gofinlio, ii. 2ro.
Folhiidal, ii. 207.
Folinog, i.
334.
Folkingham, iii.
371.
Folkrtone, iii. 305.
Follough, i. 190.
Fok, ii. 82.
Fondi, iii. 194.
Fon forte, ii.
549.
Fons, ii.
497.
Fontaine les, Dijon, ii. 422.
Fontainbleau, ii.
394.
Fontain Franqois, li. 423.
Fontamora, iii. 27.
Fontanella, iii. 51.
Fontanellato, iii. 58.
Fontaiika, r. i. 431.
Fonte arcada, ii. 192.
Fontenay la Battu, ii. 509.
le Cointe, ii. 515.
Fontevraut, ii. 515.
Fontilho, ii. 208.
Foore, iii.
439.
Foradala, I. ii. 32S.
Foreabus, iii. 428.
Forcalquier, ii. 457.
Force la, ii. 495.
Forchheim, v. 395.
Forchtenberg, v. 185.
Forchtenftein, ii. 45.
Fordinbridge, iii. 282*
Fordun, iii. 429.
Fore, iii.
439,
Forez, ii.
97.
upper and lower, ii.
549.
Forfar, iii. 427.
Forges, ii. 526.
Forimpopoli, iii. 414.
Fork, iii. 144.
Formartin, iii. 427
Formentera, ii. 329.
Formentor, ii. 328.
I ormiefe, \. iii. 151,
4T
Fornilgini, iii. 6j.
Fornic|ue, i. 454.
Forno, ii. 2n.
il, iii. 224.
Fornos, ii. 209.
Fornovo, iii. 57.
Fovcs, iii. 429.
Forfta, vi. 142.
Fort des alingcs, iii. 20.
Auguftus, iii. 429.
des Bains, ii. 487.
Belin, ii. 609.
Bracon, ibid.
Brunette, iii. 31.
de rF.ccIule, ii. 430,
de Caps, ii. 520.
St. Francois, ii. 507,
de Fuentes, iii. 49.
di Garla, iii. 224.
George, iii. 429.
Louis, ii. 572, (^"j.
RolTo, iii. 244.
Royal, ii. 520.
Savacon, ii. 521.
di St. ThomafTo, iii 223.
Urvano, iii. 141.
Williom, iii. 429.
Fortelle, ii. 418.
Forth, iii.
437.
Fortin, 52.
Fofdinovo, iii. 126.
Folen, i. 202.
Fofla, iii. Gc^.
Foffano, iii. 30.
Foflbmbrone, iii. 147.
Fofllimwerk, i. 188.
Foug, ii. 587.
Fougeres, ii. 518.
Foula, iii. 43-
Fourth, iii. 436.
Fowton, iii. 381.
Foy, iii. 257.
Fraga, ii. 318.
Fragoas, ii. 208.
Fragolb, ii. 195.
Fralaens, ii. 195.
Framlef, i. 133.
Framlingham, iii. 350.
Ffaaionr,

I X.
Framonr, ii. 592.
Frccklcben, vi. 103.
i'lamptcn, lii. 266.
Fredenwaid, v. 430.
Frane-allen, ii. 557. Fredeburg, iv. 571.
i'ranca-Villa, iii. 207. 214. Frienhagen, v. 99.
France, ii.
333.
Freienwald, v. 671.
Kranche Comte, ii. 607. Frejus, ii.
453.
Franchemonf, iv. 234. FreinOieim, v. 586.
Franco, iii. 125.
Freiriz, ii. 193.
Francoli, r. ii. 319.
Freira de Efpada na Cinta,
F.Mnconia, v. 3 b 6.
ii. 198.
Francofo, ii. 299.
Frixedo, ii. 207.
Francoviila, iii. 108.
Freixiel, ii. 198.
Frandberg, i. 105.
Fremingcn, ii. 605.
Franeker, iii.
534.
P'renke, vi. 311.
Frankanau, v. 55.
Frendenfborg, i. 100..
Frankcradcd, ill.
537. Frefcati, iii. 171.
Frankcnau, v. 483.
Frclcanolo, iii.
39,
Frankenbtrg, ii. 582. Frefnay, ii. 538.
Frankenburg, iv. 86. Frefneda, ii. 316.
Frankenhauien, v. 610. vi. Freiries, ii. 381.
125.
Freteval, ii. 541.
Frankenroda, vi. 48. Frethan, ii. 405.
Frankenthal, iii. 586. Freudenburg, v. 493.
Frankenftein, iv. 5S6. Freudenefk, ii. 600.
Frankfort, v. 544.
Freudenlund, i. 96.
Frankfurt, i. 671.
Freudenftadr, v. 206.
"
Franquin, ii. 486.
Freundenthal, v. 456.
Franzbiirg, vi. 79.
Freuenftein, vi. 505.
Frafcati, iii. 171.
Freyburg, iii. 680,. vi. 408.
Frafersbiirg, iii. 42 S.
v._355.
Fratta, iii. 86, 152.
Freybnghr, iv. 507.
Fraubrunnen, iii. 634, Freyland, ii. 567.
Frauenberg, v. 54.
Frey berg, v. 596.
Frauenaurcchi, v. 327. Freyenften, v. 115.
p'rauenburg, i. 652.
Freyenftadt, v. 304.
Frauenbrtuingen, v. 470. Freyna, vi. 590.
Frauendorf, vi. 15.
Freyfing, v, 356.
Frauenpriefnitz, v. ^c^- Freyftadt, iv. 186.
Frauenftein, v. 6co.
Freyftadl, ii. 25.
Frauentela, iii. 702.
Freyftatr, v. 74.
F'rauenthal, iii. 666. Freyung, v. 370.
Frau.mack, ii. ^6.
Freywalde, vi. ß^o.
FraunJiofen, v. 342.
Fribourg, ii. 576.
Fraurcuth, vi. 153.
Friburg, v.341.
Frau ftad t, i. -jiig.
Friccnte, iii. 197.
Frazas, ii. ici.i-.
Frlckenhaufcn, v. 272. 2C}5.
Prechas, ii. u 9.
Friderichlburg, vi. 98.
Frivierichrode, vi. 48.
_
Friderickfwerth, vi. 4S.
Friderickfberg in Denmark,
i. 195.
in Norway, i. 19 8.
P'rideriikfburg, i.
97.
pakce, i. 98.
fort,, i. 314.
Friderickgraben, i.
547.
F'riderirkfhald: i. 191.
P'ridrickHiamn, i. 432.
Fridericklhaf, 1.313.
Friderickfliolm, i. 191.
Fridericks ort, i. 165.
Friderickfchanfe, i. 331.
Friderickftadr, i. 162.
in Norw. i. 191.
Friderickftein, i.
549.
Friderickfund, i. ^y.
Friderickfwarn, ii. 187.
F'ridericia, i. 138.
Friderickfhaal, i. 245.
Friderfdorf, vi. 595.
Fridewald, iv. 430.
Fridland, iv. 73..
Fridman, ii. ßy.
Friedburg, v. 147, ^25-
am Queis, vi. 557.
Friedeburg, iv.423.vi. 509.
Friedenfberg, i. 619.
Friderichsfeld, vi. 577.
F'riedland, i. 549. vi^ 224.
389' 549-
Friedensberg, iii. 6:25-
Fricira, ii.. 199.
Friefack, v. 601.
Friefland Weft, iii. 507, 120.
Eaft, iv; 416.
Friefenburg, i. 134.
Frieienwold, i. ig^.
Frignano, iii. 63.
Frilche haf, 1. 648.
Frifche Nerung, i. 6?ß.
Fritzlar, iv. 531.
Friuli, iii. 92.
Frodefham, iii. 3 84.
Frohbu'g, V. 5^3.
Fro' nderode, vi.
Froland, i. 190.
Frome

,
Frome, iü. 274.
l-'ronfac, ii.
494.
Fronteira, ii. 229.
Frontignan, ii.
477.
Fros, i. 14b'.
Frofc, vi. 180.
Frolc.n, i. 336.
Froftcn, i. 302.
Fruart, ii. 581.
Fruligen, iii. 630.
Frykeh, i. 294.
Frykil'lve, i. 294.
Fuchfhofen, i. 545.
Fuen callcnte, ii. 309.
Fucngirola, ii. 294.
Fuentarabia, ii. 272.
Fuentedela piedra, ii. 295.
Duegne, ii.
337.
Fuentes, ii. 315.
FuefTen, v. 169.
Fuglefang, i. 107.
Fuglefiorde, i. 214.
Fugloe, I. i. 213.
Fuglfe, i. 120.
Fulda, V. 16.
Fuleth, i. 603.
Fulhain, iii. 322.
Fulneck, iv. 107.
Fundial!, ii. 232.
Fundukla, ii. 133.
Funen, i. 1 14.
Funnefdas-by, i. 336.
Furan, ii. 547.
Furiano, iii. 112.
Fnrftenau, iii. 773. iv. 334.
Furftenberg, iv. 353. v. ico.
231-260.
Furfteneck, v. ig„
Furftenfeld, v. 14.
Furftenwald, v. 673.
Furt, v. 348.
Furtelbach, ii. 603.
Furualiagh, iii. 439..
Fufcaklo, iii. 199.
Filling, i. I CO.
Futtak, ii. 44.
Fynis, i. 315
Ġ
Gaulingen, 1. 550.
INDEX.
GaafteQand, iii. 538.
Gabardan, ii. 501.
Gabarer, ii. 501.
Gabella, ii. 10 1.
Gabian, ii.
475.
Gadcbulch, vi. 277^ 379-
Gaditlch, i. 464.
Gadronis, ii. 152.
Gacta, iii. 194.
Gafanhao, ii. 207.
Gatselc, i. 356.
Gagnels, i. 327.
Gajar, ii. 22.
Gaia, iii. ß^-
Gaidurofina, ii. 157.
Gaildorf, v. 505.
Gaillack, ii. 470.
Gaimcrflieim, v. 332..
Gainfborough, iii.
^y^.
Gaifler, iii.
745.
Gaifz, iii. 704.
Galantha, ii. 20.
Galargues, le grand, ii.
479.
Galara, ii. 133.
Galati, iii. 213.
Galatola, iii. 203..
Galatfch, ii. 166.
Galdrene, i. 199.
Galera, iii. 159.
Galc-ia, iii. ii^-
Galgarben, i.
545,
Galgotz, ii. 25.
Gaihuo, i. J41.
Gallicana, iii. 116.
Galiciar.a, ii. 221.
Galitzch, i. 450.
Gallardon, ii. 540.
Gallagos, ii. 194.
Gallen, ii. 444.
Galle fc, iii. 15S.
Gallicano, iii. 172,
Gal'igniana, iv. 219.
Gallion, ii. 528.
Galiipoiy, iii. 203.
(jaüipoü, ii. 134.
Gailway, ii-. 443.
Galirnoy, in, 437-
GaliTilbuU, i. 149,
Galos, ii. 46.
Galreas, ii. 229.
Galfhen, i. 132.
Gainaches, ii. 402.
Gambach, v. 1 14.
Gambim, i. 592.
Gambs, iii. 720.
Gamkiftar, i. 289.
Gamlary-lala, i. 317.
Gaminclbuygaard, 1. 164-
Gammelly, i. 281.
Gammelholme, i. 106.
Ganbalo, iii.
39.
Ganderfhcim, vi, 348..
Gandia, ii. 291.
Gandolfo, iii. 171.
Ganges, ii. 477.
Gangi, iii, 214.
Gani, ii. 20.
Gankfoken, v. 343.
Gamat, ii. 547.
Garabufe, ii. 156.
Garaupe, ii. 454.
Garcillane, iii. 31.
Gard, vi. 94.
Garda, iii. 87.
Garde, ii. 576. vi. 94.
Gardelegen, v, 642.
Gardenfee, i.
ß^ß.
Garding, i. 159.
Gardiüllj, ii. 471.
Gardone, iii. 90.
Garefja, iii. ^6.
Gargino, iii. 206.
Garigliaao, iii. 195.
Garioch, iii. 427.
Gdrnachee, ii. 515.
Garneraus, ii. 431.
G.ironne, r. ii.
335. 404..
Garrix, ii.
499.
Garflang, iii. 402.
Gartach, v. 194.
Gartempe, ii. 557.
(»aiK^, vi. .269.
Gjrt/., vi. 224.
Garwciin, i.
j^'J^-
Gajz, vi. 75. 84.
Gall en y J
ii..5Co. ., , ,
Gafperodai

•
.
Ci.ii'pt-i'ojA, vi. 4.H.
Galiin, ii.
453,
G.iibrin, v. 321.
Galkr, iil. 717.
Ga nine, ii. j^r',. 6i.
Gaftrickland, ii.
394.
GcUerflcben, vi. 361.
Gjiinois francois, i.
394.
orlcanois ii. 542.
Gat.s ii. 37.
Gatinara, iii. 27.
tjattoii, iii. 2

Gier, li.
335.
Gieraci, iii. 201.
Gierahciträ, ii. 157.
Gierlev, i. 132.
Giern, i. 132.
Gierreftad, i.
195.
Giciclwerder, v. 48.
Gicßl-n, V. 62.
Gifhorn, ii. 260.
Gifo, i. 306.
Giglio, i. iii. 13 r.
Gignac, ii.
474.
Gigondas, ii. 444.
Giluin, i. 470.
Guildeliaiifze, iv 459.,
Gilga, i.
547.
Gilgenburg, i.
552-
Gillelkaal, i. 2H.
Gilling, iii. 392.
Gilqwcy, iv. 80.
Güten, vi. 263.
Gimborn, iv. 502.
Gimdalen, i.
333.
Ginding, i. 137.
Gineftar, ii. 321.
Ginguello, ii. 276.
Ginofa, iii. 204.
Gio, i. 308.
Gioia, iii. 201.
Giorring, i. 159.
Giornico, iii. 654.
Giovenazzo, iii. 205.
Giralte, iii. 113.
Girardo, üi. 206.
Girfchüt, iii. 556.
Gifborn, iii. 384.
Gifborougli, iii.
293-
Giflum, i. 132.
Gifors, ii. 527.
GifFelfeld, i. iii.
Gittelde, vi. 348.
Giudeca, iii. 82.
Givec, ii. 571.
Giuliana, iii. 171, ?i6.
Giuüa nuova, iii. 208.
Guliiano,iii. 171.
Giuftandil, ii. 124.
Giuftendil, ii. 138.
VüL. VI.
I N D E X.
Glaama, i. 231.
Gladbeck, iv. 404.
Gladenbacli, v, 6y.
Gladlep, i. 137.
Glambec, i. i65,
Glamorganfhire, iii. 408.
Glan, i. 276.
Glanarm, iii. 441.
Glanaroghty, iii.
445.
Glanciierry, iii. 44:1,
Giandeves, ii. ßßO.
Glandford, iii.
372.
Glandilaugh, iii.
436.
Glanehery, iii. 444'.
Glaris, iii. 667. 70.
Giafgow, iii. 420.
Glaflilcugh, iii. 440.
Glafliur, ii. 601.
GlafliLitten, ii. 23.
Glaftenbury, iii. 272.
Glafzhutre, v. 601.
Giatz, vi. 618.
Glauclia, vi. i 60.
Giauche, vi. 193.
Gleichen, v. 59. vi. 51. 328.
Glichenftein, iv. ß29-
Gleiwitz, vi. 594.
Glenaem, iii. 441.
Glencoe, iii. 429.
Glendelach, iii. ß^^^,
GleneJg, iii. 430.
Glen-muik, iii.
427.
Glenftree, iii. 427.
Glenftriip, i. 132.
Glentaner, iii. 427.
Glenurgliay, ibid.
Gliniany, i. 609.
Glogau, vi. 56-/. 594.
Glütt, V. 276.
Gloucefter, iii, 25

.
Grammont,
Gondutze, ii. 195.
Gonnawitz, iv. 195.
Gons, ii. 62.
Gonten, iii. 69g.
Gonzaga, iii. 54.
Gooiland, iii. 498.
Goor, iii. 545-
Goplerfee, i. 416.
Goppengen, v. 1S8.
Gordon Caftle, iii. 428.
Gorgonai, iii. 131.
Gorkum, iii. 495. 505.
Goritz, V. 672.
Görlitz, iv. 135.
Gorowitz, vi. 156.
Gorodifclulche, i. 451.
Krafnoe, i. 441.
Gorroii, ii._535.
Gortyna, ii. 157.
Gorvalin, i. 318.
Gory, iii. 436,
Gorz, iv. 225.
Gorze, ii. 589.
Gorzka, vi. 188.
Gürzno, i. 591.
Gorzegna, iii. 36.
Gofchutz, vi. 589.
Gofgen, iii. 690.
Goftadc, V. 603.
Goftyn, i. 592.
Gofzlar, vi. 457.
Gofznitz, vi. ßß.
Gotha, i. 287. vi. 44- 5-
Gcthaal, i. 245.
Gothala, i. 291.
Gotheborg, i. 28S.
Gothiand» i. 273.
E. i. 274.
W. i. 286.
S. i. 289.
Gothfbunda, i. 297..
Gottenbufg, i. 288.
Göttern, v. '261.
Gotteiberg, vi- 548.
Gottefgabe, iv. 92.
Gottefgade, vi. 181.
Güttingen, vi. 314.
Gotllicbcn, iii. 705.
Gottorp, ii. 159. 60.
INDEX.
Gottleube, v. 574.
Gottlieben, iii. 785.
Gottfciiee, iv. 216.
Gottftatt, iii. 634.
Gotzo, ii. 157.
Gouda, iii.
493.
Goudhurft, iii. 313,
GoudfwaaiT), iii. 504.
Governolo, ii. 54.
Goujoim, ii. 208.
Gource, iii. 427.
Gourdon, ii.
497.
Gournay, ii. 526.
Gourock, iii. 420.
Gouvea, ii. 210.
de Riba, ii. 192.
Gouzon, ii.
547.
Gov/ran, ii.
437.
Gozo, iii. 224.
Graaldib, i. 124. 40.
Grabau, i. 590.
Grabo, vi. 378.
Grafay, ii. 560.
Grace la, ii.
473.
Graciola, ii. 237.
Gradetz, iii. 798.
Gradichi, ii. 161.
Gradifco, iv. 225.
Gradiilc, ii. 91.
Gradilte, ii. 126.
Gradoli, iii. 156,
Grafenberg, v. 520.
Grafenhaynchen, v. 546.
Grafenllein, i. 152.
Grafenrhal, vi. 48.
Grafing, v. ^27-
Gratwendal, i. 329.
Gragnoha, iii. 66.
Grahams, or Grim's Dyke,
iii. 421,
Graitz, vi. 152.
Gramm, i. 148.
n. 489.
Grampian,, h. iii. 426.
Grampound, iii. 256.
Gramzo, vi. 5.
Gran, r. ii. 31.
Granada, ii. 291,
Gottland, i. 284.
Granard, iii. 43r^.
Granas, i. 293.
Granby, i.
337,
Grancey le chatel, ii. 417.
Sur Once, ii. 41 6.
Grand Bournand, iii. 21.
Pre, ii. 415.
Grandcour, jii. 641.
Grandenz, i. 63 i.
Grandmont, ii.
557.
Grandoia, ii. 222.
Grandfon, iii.
734.
Grandviliar, ii. 606.
Granefden, i. 66^.
Granja de I'edo, ii. 208.
Granitz, ii.
gy.
Granfee, v. 678.
Granfey, iii. 432.
Grantham, iii. 372.'
Granville, ii. 531.
Grao, iii.
93.
Grafano, iii.
199.
GrafTdorf, vi. 300.
GralTe, ii.
454,
Gratfchin, i. 478.
Gratz, iv. 192. v. 458.
Gravas, ii. 226.
Graudenz, i. 646.
Grave, iii. 558.
Gravedo, iii. 40.
Graveland, iii.
499.
Gravelines, ii.
499.
Gravelle, ii. 536.
Gravenau, V. 349.
Gravenwerth, ii.
255'
Gravefand, iii. 501.
Gravefend, iii. 341.
Gravina, iii. 204.
Gravofa, ii. 105.
Graupen, iv. 94.
Graus, ii 319.
Gray, ii. 608.
Great Britain, iii. 227.
Grcbenaii, v. 64.
Grebenftein, v. 47.
Greece, ii.
147.
Grceding, v. 434,
Greene,

Greene, vi. 353.
Greenland, i. 233.
Greenock, iii. 420.
Greenwich, iii. 311.
Greifenftcin, v. 113.
Greifenberg, vi. 789. 557.
Grcifenliagen, vi. 87.
Greitenfee, iii. 606.
Grenille, ii. 454.
Grenna, i. 283.
Grenoble, ii. 436.
Grenweiler, v. 125.
Grenzhofen, i. 665.
Grevenkop, vi. 406.
Griedel, v. 114,
Griefbach, v. ßSß. 370.
Grevefmuiilen, vi. 377.
Gretfingcn, v. 222.
Gretlylib, iv. 422.
Gretzingen, v. 222.
Grevenmacheren, iv. 283.
Grevenftein, iv. 569.
GreufTcn, vi. 122,
Grez, iv. 265.
Griers, iii. 685.
Griefkerchen, iv. 180.
Grignan, ii. 457.
Grim, vi. 79.
Grimaud, ii. 453.
Grimburg, iv. 548.
Grimma, v. 589.
Grimnitz, vi. 6.
Gnmfby, iii. 373.
Grimflsior, i. 280.
Grindavik, i. 229.
Grindelwald, iii. 635.
Grine, i. i
33.
Grinove, ibid.
Grinfted, iii. 301.
Gripcnberg, i. 283.
Griplholm, i. 320.
Grifleham, i.
3 14..
Griful, ii. 469.
INDEX.
Griflau, vi. 551.
Grifons the, iii.
753.
Grido, vi. 81. 87.
Grobin, i. 663.
Grobnig, vi. 600.
Grochlitz, vi. 153.
Grodeck, i. 606.
Grodcrfbuy, i. 164.
Grodno, i. 619,
Groedc, i. 157.
Groitzfch, v. 594.
Groeningen, iii. 546. 8.
Grohude, vi. 311.
Grol, iii,
478,
Gronau, v, 61, 32,
Gronenberg, iv, 346,
Gronsfeld, ii,
494,
Gronfoo, i, 318,
Gropzik, vi, 103,
Grofbois, ii, 38 1,
Grofka, ii, 122,
Groftbrod, vi. 418.
Großdanflco, ii,
94,
Groflclfingen, v. 226.
GroÜecto iii. 131.
Grout, iii. 784.
Grofzburg, vi. 537.
Grofzmegercy, iii. 801.
Grotta del cane, iii. 188.
iii, 566,
Feratta, iii. 171.
di Paufilippo, iii, 188.
Tranconaria, iii. 191.
Sibylla Cumana, iii. 190.
Grottaglia, iii. 203.
Grotteria, iii. 201.
Grottola, iii. 199.
Grotzingen, v. 190.
Grou, iii.
537.
Grouai, ii. 522.
Grouille, ii. 46S.
Grub, iii. 700. 745.
—— the, ill. 761.
Gruben, i. 663,
Griibenhagen, vi. 270. 5.
GruiTibach, v. ii. 125.
Grünau, ii. zo,
Grienberg, v. 6ß,
Grund, vi. 285.
'.
Grundafiordur, i. 230.
Grundau, v. 122,
Grundlach, i. 515.
Gruncberg, vi. 11.
Grunenfund, i. 112.
Grunhayn, v. 604.
Gruningen, v. 114.
Gruningen, iii. 607. vi. 360.
Grunfchwart, vi. 82.
Grunsfeld, v. 409.
Guadagnolo, iii. 172.
Guadalantin, ii. 295.
Guadalate, li. 281.
Guadalaviar, ii.
297.
Guadalaxara, ii. 307.
Guadalcanal, ii. 282.
Guadalupe, ii. 279.
Guadalquivier, r. ii. 245.
Guadajama, ii. 300.
Guadiana, r. ii. 177. 244.
Guadix, ii. 295.
Gualdo, iii. 151,
Gualteri, iii. 213.
Guarda, ii. 210.
Guadamar, ii. 297.
Guardana, ii. 297.
Guardao, ii. 207.
Guardegno, iii. 92.
Guardia, ii. 265. 311. iii.
Grcifswaldc, vi. So.
Grtin, iv. 107.
Greibz, vi. 152.
GreKby, i. 318,
Grenaac, i. i^S-
Grenade, ii. 501. 5.
198. 199. 206,
Guarnizo, ii. 269.
Guaftalla, iii. 6u.
Guben, iv. 141.
Gubio, iii. 147.
Guck, i. 472.
Guden, i. 124.
Gudenfberg, v. .jO.-
Gudhern, i. 292.
Gudme, i. 11^.
Gudow, vi 443.
Guelmas, ii. 281.
Guemene, ii. 522.
Guemp, ii. 405.
Gutmunde, ii. 583,
Gueraiide, ii. 519.
Guerchy, ii.
543.
Guerer, li.
557.
Guerigiij ii. 484.
Guernfeyy

.
Giiemfey, ill. 289.
Guerrein, ii. 431.
Guel'car, ii. 295.
Giecaria, ii. 271.
Guglingen, v. 195.
Guicelina, iii. 1 12.
Guiche, ii. 503.
Grieche, ii. 563.
Guigne, ii. 524.
Guiltord, iii. 295.
Guilheiro, ii. 209.
Guiileaumcs, ii. 456.
GuilleClre, vi. 438.
Guimaraens, ii. 191.
Guines, ii. 403.
Guiolle, ii. 498.
Guincourr, ii. 409.
Guibuicoa, ii. 271.
Guire, ii. 398.
Giiiflani, iii. 1 12.
Gulberg, i. 289.
Gulborglund, i. 122.
Gulbranfdal, i. 188.
Guldale, i. 202.
Guldenlowe, i. 191.-
Guldenftein, i. 118.
Gule, i. 175.
Guledal, i. 202.
Guifar, ii. 207.
GuUbringen, i. 229.
Gnllfpang, i. 288.
Guloe, i. 199.
Gulzo, vi. (j"].
Giimberfliaufen, vi. 43.
Gumbinnen, i. 531.
Gundelfingen, v. 272.
Gundeilheim, v. 453.
Gunnerip, i. 128.
Gunterfberg, vi. 105.
Gunz, ii.
Si-
Gunzbiirg, v. 173.
Gunzenhaulen, v. 444.
Guolo, iii. 109.
Giirgew, i. 478.
Gurk, iv. 102.
Gurkfeld, iv. 212.
Gurre, i. 199.
GuiTingen, li. 52.
Guflebiefe, vi. x i.
INDEX.
Guftey, il. 20Ü.
Gufto, vi. 75.
Guftro, vi. 81. 366.
Gufum, i. 276.
Guftadt, i. 653.
Gulten, vi. 107.
Gutenztil, v. 256.
GuthmanQiaufeii, vi. 30.
Gutta, ii. 46.
Guttannen, iii. 632.
Guttingcn, iii. 705.
Guttenllein, iv. ig6.
Gutzco, vi. 80.
Guyenne, ii. 491
Gy, ii. 6j8.
Gyalu, ii. 8r.
Gyarmarth, ii. 6
Hafran, i. 328.
Haga, i. 366.
Hage, iii. 561.
Hageac, iii.
497.
Hagen, iv. 389. vi. 224.
Hagenback, iv. 584.
Hageno, vi. 378.
Stein, ii. 329.
Hageftein, iii. 505. 29.
Hague tlic, iii.
489.
Haigerloch, v. 227.
Haik, iii. 419.
Hainault, iv. 503.
Hainaut, ii. C)']^.
ioreft, ii. 570.
Haiterbach, v. 200.
Hakia, i. 287,
Hal, iv. 305.
Halbcrftadt, v. ^r^^, j,
Haibgericht, v. 345.
Halbthurn, ii. 46.
Hald, i. 129.
Haldenfleben, vi. iSo.
Haldenfwerk, i. iS3.
Haldenftein, iii. 792.
Halderfvurg, i. 214.
Halefworth, iii. 332,
Halicz, i. 609.
Halico, i. 363.
Hall, iv. 231. V. 290,
Halland, i, 289.
Hallaton, iii.
370.
Hallau, iii. 694.
Halle, i. 287. iv. 473. vi.
1 89.
Haliein, v. 320.
Halickis, i. 293.
Hallenberg, iv. 572.
Hallermund, iv. 506.
Hallifax, iii. 384.
Hallingdakn, i. 188.
Hallftatt,

Hallftatr, V. 393,
Haüuye, ii. 541.
Halmagy, ii. 71.
Halmftad, i. 305.
Hakeren, iv. 324.
Hals, i. 126. V. 344.
Halfingland, i. 331.
Halfnoc, i. 157.
Halfted, iii. 326.
Haltorp, i. 284.
Ham, ii.
399.
Hambach, v. 18 r.
Hamburg, vi. 231. 460.
Hamclboues, v. 26.
Hamen, vi. 304. 5. 9.
Hamelfchenburg, vi. 313.
Hamilton, iii. 420.
Hamm, iv. 384.
Hammar, i.
338.
Hammerdale, i.
^ß^.
Hammer, i. no.
Hammerhus, i. 113.
Hammerftcoch, i. 318.
Hammerfmich, iii. 322.
Hammerftein, i. 638. ii.
554.
Hammerum, i. 137.
Hamminkel, iv. 381.
Hamno, i. 2^6.
Hampfhire, iii. 281.
Hampftead, iii. 323.
Hampton Court, iii. 323.
Hanajtlichtenburg, v. 100.
Munzenberg, v. loi.
Hango, i.
37.
Hannau, iii. 750.
Hanover, vi. 292.
Hanran, vi. 408.
Hanfater, i. 293.
Hanfbach, ii. 606.
Hanftetten, v. 89
Hanftowik, i. 322.
Hanulangpaldo, i. 372.
Hanat, iv. 266.
Hapfa, ii. 130.
Haram, ii. 83.
Harboe, Oer, i. 127
Harborough, iii. 368.
Harburg, ii. 604.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Harcourr, ii. 528.
Hardalcs, ii, 2S8.
Hardangcr, i. 197.
Hardtglen, vi. 321. 9.
Hardenberg, iii. 544,
Hardewyn, iii. 482.
Hardmarkersfiord, i.
195.
Hartleur, ii. 534.
Harjedale, i.
235-
H.iringe, i. 322.
Harlegh, iii. 412.
Harlellon, iii.
339.
Harling, ibid.
Harlingen, iii.
§25-
Harodna, i. 457.
Harnerfdorf, vi. 563.
Harpftedt. iv. 480.
Harre, i. 136.
Harregate, iii. 381.
Harrefted, i. 106.
Harrien, i. 426.
Harries, i. iii. 429.
Hartenftein, vi. 155.
Hartlia, v. 592.
Hartheim, v. 409. 493.
Hartkirchen, v. 97.
Hartland, iii. 260.
Hartlepool, iii. 394.
Harwich, iii. 326.
Harz, vi. 282.
Harzberg, vi. 277.
Harzburg, vi, 348.
Harzfcld, vi. 220.
Hafeibrook ii. ß6j.
Hafelmere, iii. 295.
Hafenpothe, i. 662.
Hafenwinkel, vi. 260.
Hafkerland, iii. 538.
Haflach, ii. 598.
Hafle in Zealand, i. 3.
Jutland, i. 132.
HafTan Bafca Palanka, ii.
123.
Haflel, v. 107.
Hafielfelde, vi. 452.
Haflelo, i. 320.
Hailelt, iii.
543.
HafTerode, vi. 147.
4X
Haffing, i. 127.
Halliiigton, iii. 40 J.
Haftenbeck, vi. 313.
Haftiiigs, iii. 302.
HaTzfurt, v. 406.
Hafzlach, v. 263.
Hafzleben, vi. 122.
Hafzli, iii. 621.
Hatfield, iii. 346.
Broad Oak, iii. 24.
HatharS) ii. 70.
Hathen, Hathgau, ii. 600.
Hatherley, iii. 261.
Hatfgerode, vi. 104.
Hatftatt, ii. 604.
Hattcm, iii. 482.
Hatteiihof, v. 21.
Ha:cefbuig, vi. 423.
Hatting, i. 133.
Hattingen, iv. 394.
Hatten Chaftel, ii. 589.
Hattorf, vi. 278.
Hatzan, ii. 6ß.
Harzeg, ii. 83.
Hatzfdd, v. 68.
HauberviUiers, ii. 38 r.
Haubondancc, ii. ßy6.
Havclbe g, v. 652.
Hauerballegard, i. 132.
Haverfordweft, iii.
407
Hauneck, v. 45.
Hauptweil, iii. 712.
Havre de Grace, ii.
Haus, vi. 257.
533.
Haufberg, iv. 352.
Haufen, v. 263.
Haufruck, iv. 178.
HaufTen, iv. 527.
Hauftadt, i. 153.
Hautecombe, iii. 2r.
Hauterive, ii. 469.
Hautvillers, ii. 412.
Hauzenberg, v. 370.
Hawkfliead, iii. 401.
Hay, iii. 410.
Haye, ii. ßö^-
Haylfham, iii. 302.
Hayaichcn, v. 598.
Haynau,

.
Haynau, vi. 563.
Hayi)lecde, vi. 121.
HaznadarTfchiflick, ii. 1 30.
Heatli, iii. 386.
lieben, V. 241,
Htbing, v._434,
Hebrides, iii. 426.
llechingen, vi. 206.
llecl

.
ilcrvelingheiin, ii. 405.
Herzegovim, ii. 105.
Herzburg, v. 548. vi. 277.
Herzegenaurach, v. 397.
Hcrzognbiirg, iv. i6y.
Herzogenboltli, iii.
554.
Heflebyholm, i. 322.
Hefdin, ii. 407.
Hefie, V. 34.
1 Jefien, vi. 344.
Hettingen, vi. 4S0.
Hettftadt, vi. 142.
ileubach, v. 198.
Heveflin, ii. 407.
Hever, i. 159.
Heverfchope, ibid.
Heves, ii. 6ß.
Heukubum, iii. 504.
Heufden, iii.
497, §06.
Heufdorf, vi. 29.
Heutingfheim, v. 208.
Hexham, iii.
397.
Heybar, ii. 273.
Heyde, iv. 87. vi. 414.
Heydeck, v. 361.
Heydenheim, v. 205, 445,
Heydingsfeld, v. 403.
Heydon, iii. 388.
Heynfliam, iii. 274.
Hickling, iii. 336.
Hid, i, 132.
Hida, ii. 40.
Hiddenfee, vi. 77.
Hiddeftorf, vl. 300.
Hielma, I. i. 319.
Hielmilef, i. 133.
Hiclml'nabb, i. 322.
Hieradfleln, ii. 225.
Hieres, ii. 452.
Hicrixtu, L ii.
453,
Hierpe fchanze^ i.
23^'
Hieriing, i. 140.
Hierum,, i. 137.
Higham fcrris, iii. ^6y.
Highbury, iii. 277.
Highgate, iii. 323.
High Wycomb, iii.
349.
Hj|ar, ii. 316.
HuUburghaul'en, vi. 42.
INDEX.
Hihlcflieim, vi. 424. 428.
Hilebrunn, i. 331.
Hillerlef, i. 127.
Hillcrodc, i.
^j.
Hillefheim, iv. ßßo.
Hillfborough, iii. 441.
Hilberg, i. 130.
Hildfchein, vi. ßgg.
Hilpoltftein, v. 361.
Hilipach, iv. 583..
Hikers, v. 405.
Hiltpolflein, v. 520.
Hilvarenbeck, iii.
555.
Hilverfum, iii. 494.
Himmelkron, v. 421.
Himmelpforten,, vi. 227.
Hind, i. 136.
Hindelopen, iii. 563.
Hindon, iii. 277.
Hindfgauel, i. 1 1-8,
Hindftedt, i. 129.
Hingham, iii. 26()_^
Hinkley, iii. S^^'-
Hiho, i. 293.
Hiorring, i. 126.
Hiorthohn, i. 106.
Hirfborden, iii. 631.
Hirfchau, v. 352.
Hirlchberg, vi. 157, 554.
Hirfchfeld, iv. 136.
Hirichliorn, iv. 530.
Hirlcholm,. i. 96.
Hirzberg, iv. 569.
Hirzel, iii. 600.
Hirzholman, i. 96, 127.
Hifingen, i. 289.
Hita, ij. 307.
Hitchin, iii.
345.
Hithe, iii. 305.
Hitteroe, i. 202.
Hitzacker,, vi. 255.
Hitzol, i. 227.
Hn.ippadal, i. 230.
Hobroe, i. 131.
liochberg, v. 222.
liocheneg, iv. 195.
Hockhcim, iv. 531-.
Huch-Speycr, v. 130,
Hothll, iv. 524,
Hochftadt, v. 104.
Hochrtedt, v. 360,
Hochflatt, V. 397.
Hochvifies, ii. 32.
Hockelheim, v. 60.
Hockheim, v. 8.
Hod, ii. 21.
HodQon, iii. 346.
Hoekfche waard, iii. ßo^.
Hoerde, iv. 388.
Hofmark Fürths, v. 443..
Hofgrefmar, v. 48.
Hofiieim, v. 405.
Hofs-jakul, i. 226.
HofFwa, i. 292.
Hofkirchen, v. 349.
Hoffmunfter. iv. 354..
Hogenturp, i. 291,
Hogholm, i. 135.
Hohe, i. 6^6.
Hohen, v. 205.
Hohenberg, v. 423.
Hoheneck, v. 208.
Hohenembs, v. 277.
Hohenfels, v. 304.
Hohenfriedberg, vi. ßßS.
Hohen Geroldkck, v. 2 8e^
Hohenleuben, vi. 156.
Hohenlohe, v. 477.
Hohenmaut, iv. 76*.
Hohenberg, v. 123.
Hohenftein, i. 554. v.ßyß.-
vi. S7^-
Hohenvvaid, v. 382.
Hohemvart, v. 331.
Hohen-Zollern, v. 224,,
Hohn, i.
159.
Hohnftein, vi. 162.
Hoientorp, i. 293.
Hclbeck, i. 104.
Hc'iberg, i. 108..
Ho'boe, i.
99.
Hok-n., i. 190.
riolenilcin, v. 3 84.
Holkenhavcn, i. 114.
Holland, iii. 484.
•
South, iii. 4SS.
iioUanvl

Moll.mi North, iii.
507.
HoUawcdcn, i. 280.
iiokenburg, iv. i6j,
llollfeld, V. 305.
Hoilingftodt, i. I '().
liollolio, ii. 38.
ilolin, i. 33?.
Holmand, i, 137.
Holmen, i. 22;^.
Holftein, v. 397..
Holderbroe, i. 137.
Holtleinburg, i. 109.
Hole, iii. 336.
Holtfiord, i. 188.
Holyhciid, iii. 414.
Holy-land, iii. 398.
Holywell, iii. 412.
Holzapfel, iv, 197.
Holzmunden, iv. 351.
Holzhaufen, v. 105.
Holzkiixh, v. 260.
Holzkirchen, v. ^^y.
Holz, vi. 270.
Holzelle, vi. i 37.
Homberg, v. 50.
Hombourg, ii. 584.
Homburg, iii. 6jg. v. 64.
72. 97-
Homerlliaufen, v. 66.
Homoara, ii. 60.
Honberveaux, ii. 417.
Honda, ii. 299.
Honfleur, ii. 530.
Honeg, iii. 601.
Honiton, iii. 243.
Honningcn, vi. 506.
Honfchotte, ii. 567.
Hopfgarten, v. 321.
Huntiveros, ii. 309.
Hoolmurin, i. 229.
Hoolum, i. 126.
Hoogftraten, iv. 275.
Hoorn, iii. 507. iv. 334.
Ho aidifcour, iv. 80.
Horb, iv. 246.
Hordebnd, i. 197.
Horden, iii. 600.
Horka, ii. 59.
INDEX.
Horn in Jutland, i. 125.
•
Zealand, i. 116.
• Sweden, i.
359.
Weflphaüa, iv. 452.
HornafordaÜiot, i. 225.
Horn bach, v. 33.
Hornberg v. 200.
Hornburg, vi. ^6^.
Hörne, i. 284.
Horn caftle, iii.
372.
Horndorn, iii.
324.
Hornele, r. i.
175.
Horninglholm, i. 322-
Hornfberg, i. 322.
Hornfey, iii.
389.
Hornflet, i.
135.
Hornfkein, ii.
45,
Hornum, i. 128.
Horodle, i. 607.
Horrein, v. 28.
Horfbul, i. 149.
Horfens, i. 124. 135.
Horfham, iii. 300.
Horflanfuod, i. 332.
Horftmar, iv. 326.
Horta, ii. 209.
Horzuc, iv. y^.
Holpital, 655.
Hoftallet, ii. 300.
Hoftallets, ii. 322.
Hoftaun, iv. 88.
Hoftun, ii.
44.
Hofzuarzu, ii. 6"/.
Houdan, ii.
393.
Houffalize, iv. 286.
Houghton-park, iii.
343
Hovindfholm, i. 189.
Hovingham, iii. 392.
Houlbcrg, i. 132.
Hoeim, ii.
533.
Houlfworthy, iii. 260,
Howden, iii. 387.
fhire,
ibid.
Hoxüoe, i. 128.
Hoxted, iv. 361,
Hoy, iii. 432.
Hoya, iv. 474. 481.
Hoyerfwerdar, iv. 130.
Hoym, iv. 105.
Harabowice, i. 607.
Hradisko, iv. 105.
Hradifck, iv. 10.
Hruflbw, ii. 34.
Hruutafiarda, i. 225.
Hudcmuhlcn, vi. 263.
Hudieiwal, L 332.
Huelga, ii. 311.
Huefby, i. 155,
Huefca, ii. 295.
Ciutad, ii. 318.
Huetereni v. 370.
Hvetho, ii. 125.
Hufingen, v. 263.
Hugflicfen, ii. 100.
Hviding, i. 148.
HvitingiCe, i. 196.
Hvittac, i. 225.
Hui, iv. 334.
Huine, ii. 534.
Huifcn, iii.
499.
Hulfit, iii. 571.
HuUted, iii. 571.
Huine, iii. 416.
Humieres, ii. 387. 407.
Hummer, i. 189.
Humpolecz, iv. 79.
Hunanby, iii. 390.
Hunavatn, i. 226.
Hunberg, i. 127.
Hunbrod, iv. loi.
Hunflrubel, v. 607.
Hundrfruck, v. 27. vi. 434.
Hundweil, iii. 699.
Hunefeld, v. 20.
Hunehals, i. 306.
Huneftadt, i. 306.
Hungary, ii. 17.
•
Upper, ii.
54.
Hungen, v. 113.
Hungerford, iii. 292.
Hungerquell, ii. 278,
Hungerftein, ii.
744.
Huniad, ii. S3.
Huningen, iii. 6yy.
Hunnenberg, i. 287.
Hunfberg, i. 278.
Hufingo,

,
_
ITanungo, iii.
549.
Huntcliir rocks, lii.
393,
Hunterburg, v. 346.
Hunrington, iii. 342.
. -fhire, ibid.
Hunyad, ii. 82.
Hurepoix, ii,
393.
Huriel, ii.
547.
Hurft Caftle, iii. 281.
Hurum, i. 185.
Hufaby, i. 291.
Huiquarn, i. 2S2.
Hufiem, i.
15^.
Hufzi, ii. 166.
Huizinetz, vi. 543.
Hufzt, ii. G'].
Huiherfitld, iii. 334.
Hutte Neue, vi. 281,
Hütten, i. 164.
Huttenbcrg, v. 90.
Uuitenberge, v. 599.
Huttweil, iii. 627.
Huulwriiks, i. 227.
Hwen. i. 302.
H wetland, i. 282.
Hyde Park, iii. 522,
Flyefalva, ii. 84.
Hyere, v. 538.
Hyfis, i. 36S.
Hythe, iii. 305.
J-
Jablonow, i. 465.
Jaca, ii.
243._
Tacobfhavn, i. 24^'.
Jacobftadr, i.
369.
Jaen, ii. 290.
Jageriburg, i. 96'.
Jagerlpreis, i . i o r
Jaik, r. i.
470.
Jaitzo, ii" 121.
Jaizkoigorode, i.
478.
Jakohalma, ii. 66.
Jakutzi, i. 522.
Jaligny, ii_.
SZI-
Jalonitz, ii. 162.
Jalonitza, ii. 165.
Ja'-utoroufka!, i. 50.
Jamburg, i.
336.
Vol. VI.
I N D E
— town, iii. 419.
Jamer, ii. 576.
Jampol, i. 467.
James fort, iii. 2S5.
Jamflvaja, i.
445.
Jatland, i
334.
Jamur, i.
474.
Jamfkyfcha, 1. i.
509,
Jamyfchewa, i. 509.
Janibazar, ii. 124.
Jankow, iv. 80.
Janna, ii. 142.
Janniua, ibid,
janos Hidyas ii. 40.
Jaranfk, i. 482.
Jaren, i. 188.
Jarenfli, i. 448.
J
irette, r. iii. 211.
Jarlfberg, i. 1S6.
Jarmello, ii. 210,
Jarmen, vi. 85.
Jarnac, ii. 509.
Jarnage, ii_.
sSI-
Jaromirz, iv. 74.
Jaroflan, i. 609.
Jarollowitz, i,
455.
Jaroilawl, i. 451.
Jarze, ii.
s^S-
Ja'.enitz, vi. 85,
Jallifl-;a, i. 609.
Jafmund, vi. ']6,
JalTy, ii. 166.
Jafz Bereny, ii. 66^
Jal'zo, ii. 62.
Jaude, ii.
553-
Javelle, iii, 199.
Tauer, vi. 552. 554.
Jaun, iii. 68 3.
Tavoux, ii. 481.
jaufa, i.
454.
Jaworow, i. 608.
Jaxberg, v. 408.
Jazygerland, ii. 65.
Ibar, r. ii. 121.
•
ii. 124.
Ibbenbahren, iv, 461,
Iber, ii. 124.
Ibercon, iii.
437.
4Y
Ibonl4, i.
444.
Jbras, i. 121.
Ibrichan, iii.
444.
Iburg, iv. 342.
Iceland, I. i. 215.
Ichcnhaiifcn, vi. 480.
Ichterniaufcn, vi. 50,
Icuft, i. 149.
Ida, h. ii. 155.
iii-
437-
.
Idaarderdeel, iii.
537.
Idanha, ii. 21 1.
Ide, i. 190.
IdingHcoi, i. s^k^.
Idingfta, i. 278.
Idro, 1. 29.
Idrone, iii.
437.
Idfbein, v. 923.
Iduheda, h. ii. 244.
Jcdburg, i. 196.
Jedern, i. 196.
Jedlinili, ii. 604.
Jefremow, i. 466.
Jekflfalva, ii. 58.
Jcletz, i. 466.
Jelling, i. 137.
Jclogwi, i. 471.
Jcltlcli, vi. 538.
Jem, r. i.
471.
Jemba, i. 471.
Jemgum, iv. 422.,
Jemte, h. i. 204.
Jena, vi. 33.
Jeng ifchahi, ii. 141,
Jenikoy, ii. 133.
Jeniica, r. i.
509.
Jenileisk, _i. 473.
Jenizza, ii. 138.
Jennelt, iv. 424.
Jerby, iii.
399.
Jericho, vi. 187.
Jerlef, i. 125. 137.
Jerfey, I. iii. 280.
Jerwen, i. 426.
Jerzhcim, vi. 344.
Jefaulo wofielo, i. 517.
Jcfi, iii. 148.
JelTen, v. 548.
Jeznitz,

.
Turkifh,
Jefznitz, vi. 102.
Jetiman, ii. 129,
Jetting, i. 140,
Jetze, vi. 256.
Jever, iv. 509.
If, ii. 450.
Ifte, iii.
444.
IfTcrten, iii. 640.
Igel, IV. 283.
Igiau, IV. 113.
Ignalada, ii. 322.
Ig.ioib, iii. 1 1 6.
Ihm, vi. 300.
Ihn, iv. 237.
Ikeathy, iii.
437.
Ikering, iii.
444.
Ha, I. iii. 424.
Hang, iii. 742.
Ilchefter, iii. 272.
Ileagh, iii.
444.
liefcld, vi. 167, 168.
Ilek, i.
479.
Ilfingen, iii. 816.
Ilfordcomb. iii. 260.
Ilga, r. i. 473.
Ilinflcoi, i. 521.
Iliinfkoje, i. 450.
IlimircJ!, i. 517.
Ilkirch, ii. 596.
llkufch, i. 598.
Ill, r. ii. 4S7, 574.
Hie, ii. 487.
lUelcas, ii. 307.
illock, ii. 90.
I!!yc, ii. 52.
Iliyrium Hungarian, ii. 87.
ii. 121.
Um, vi. 124.
llmen, i.
443.
Ilmenau, v. 467.
Illtnburg, vi. 146'.
[iza, i. 604.
ilzach. ii. 606.
ilzhofen, v. 291.
imbien, vi. 329.
Jmmenhauzeny v. 47.
laiineofce, iii. 657.
INDEX.
Immenftatt, v. 270.
Imokilly, iii. 445.
Imola, iii. 144.
Imparatrizi Anna Sawodi, i.
Ihrachan, iii.
444.
Ijus, i.47i-
503-
Imthale, v. 515.
Inchuarvan, iii. 422,
Inchgarvy, iii.
43g.
Inchiquin, iii.
444.
Inchkeit, iii.
439.
Inchmurin, iii. 422.
Inchonaugan, iii. 423.
Inchnolaig, ibid.
Inchlide, iii.
434.
Indal, r. i.
333.
Indcroen, i. 204.
Indhereb, ibid.
Indrc, r, i. 558.
Inganno, iii. 85.
Ingatorp. i. 292.
Ingatftone, iii. 324.
Ingclfingen, v. 486.
Ingelheim, iv. 587.
Ingeliladt, i. 2.8 2.
Ingermanland, i. 428.
Ingollfel, i. 229,
Ingolfhof, i. 228,
Ingolftadt, v. 232^
Ingpande, iL 565.
Ingweilers, ii. 606.
Iniicorthy, iii. 436.
Ini&teig, iii.
437.
Innerara, iii. 428.
Innerber%7^, iii. 427.
Innerkiethen, iii. 422.
Inng Bunzlau, iv. 72.
Innichen, iv. 238.
InnifkilJing, iii.
449.
Inowladiflow, i.
593.
Inowloczaw, i.
593.
InguefTange, ii. SJb.
Inlplach, iv. 2 So.
Liftall, ii. 606.
Inllerburg, i. 531.
Interlachen, iii. G^^.
Tnverary, iii. 424.
Invereflt, iii. 417.
Invernefs, iii. 428.
Joachimftab, iv. 92.
Jockmock, i.
359.
Joglefield, i. 174,
Johanne/berg, i. 278, 626.
T. 78.
Johannes Georgenftadt, v.
606.
Joigny, ii. 417.
Joinville, ii. 415.
Joko, ii. 25.
Jokulfaa, r. i. 225.
Jolfva, ii. 63.
Jona, iii. 414.
Jonkioping, i. 282-
Jonquieres, ii. 325^
Jonlac, ii. 588.
Jonvelle, ii. 608.
Jordkier, i. 149.
Jornac, ii. 507.
Jofielin, ii. 520,
Jouge, ii. 609.
Joura, I. ii. 15 1;
Joyewic, ii. 48 2.
Ipatflcoi, i. 451.
Iphofen, v. 407..'
Ips, iv. 168.
Ipfwich, iii. 327.
'
Iran, ii. 272.
Iratflcoi, i. 151.
Irbit, i. 472.
Irbitfkaja, i. 505,
Ireland, iii. 435.
Irik, ii. 90.
Irkutflc, i. 517.
Iron, ii. 272.
Iroofkoi, i. 507.
Irovis, i. 471.
Irv/in, iii. 420.
Ilafiardar, i. 231.
libaifk, i. 444.
Ilcha, r. ii. 125.
Ilchia, I. iii. 191.
Ifchim, r. i. 472.
Ifchimlko', i. 507.
Il'cia, iii. 131.
Iknord, ii. 8-5.
Hcgraon, i. 192.
Ifen, V. 357,
Llenburg, ii. 599. iv. 500.
iren!i.!gcn.

Ilenhagen, iv. 266.
Ifere, r. ii. 325. 432. iii. 17.
Iferlon, iv. 390.
Ifernca, iii. 306.
Ifet, r. i. 472.
Iflandfholm, i. s^t.
Ifetfkoi, i. 505.
Iflands of the gods, ii. 265.
Ifle, r. ii.
494.
d' Albigeors, ii. 470.
Aumont, ii. 411.
Bouchard, ii. 563.
Dodon, ii. 506.
de France, ii. 308.
de Paix, ii. 272.
Jourdain, ii. 505, 14.
Madames, ii. 511,
Ifleworth, iii. 323.
Ifmailow, i. 454.
Ilmeuns, ii. 142.
—— iii.
Ifnello, r. ii. 314.
214.
Ifola, ii. 103, iii. ^5' 94-
200.
bella, iii. 44.
Mad re, ibid,
della Seala, iii. 87,
Ifla, ii. 103.
Iflüdun, ii.
ßßg.
Ifibire, ii.
554.
KTy, ii. 382.
Ifteinia, ii. 133.
Ifter, r. ii. 125.
Iftres, ii. 447.
Irtria, ii. 96, iii. 93, 114.
Iluela, I. ii. 229.
Italy, iii. 3.
upper, iii. i r.
• Middle, iii. 43.
Lower, iii. 177.
Itanfi:oi, i. 521.
Itkulikaja-Krepos, i. 504.
Itcii, ii. 524.
Itri, iii. 194.
Ttlchoa, r. i.
474.
Itter, V. 68.
Itzehoe, vi. 402. 15. 17.
Ivar.gorodj i. 463.
INDEX.
Jiickafierfi, i. 360.
Judenbiirg, iv. 195.
Judenbach, vi. 41.
Judoigne, iv. 266.
Judoma, r. i.
474.
Jueling, i. 121.
Iverk, iii. 437.
Jugan, i. 471,
Jugenheim, v. 97.
Jugon, ii. 520.
Jugweiler, ii. 6g.
Juhr, i. 529.
Ivica, ii. 329.
Ivingo, iii. 348.
Juleta, i. 320.
Julia, ii. 71.
Juliers, iv. 399. 402.
Juliufburg, vi. ßyy.
Jumiege, li.
gyy.
Jungenleflau, i.
593.
Jungfrun, i. 284.
Jura, iii. 425.
Ivrea, iii. 27.
Ivreall, iii. 445.
Jurgeau, ii. 540.
Juijcuw, i. 451.
Jurjewpowolfki, i.
457.
Jurow, i. 6ro.
Jurumenha, ii. 229.
Ivry, ii. 3 82.
Jufly, iii; 815.
Juftingen, v. 278.
Juterbock, vi. 62.
Jutland, i. 123.
Jutphaas, iii. 529.
Jwangorod, i. 429.
Iwanitz, ii. 93.
Ixworth, iii. ^2-
Izium, i. 464.
K.
j^Aalbye, i. 105.
Kabanlkoi, i. 521.
Kaczov.ef, i. 610.
Kadan, iv. 90.
Kadom, i. 4C6,
Kadrand, iii. 570.
Kaer Idris, iii. 412.
Kaß~.i, li. 172.
Kahia, vi. 36.
Kaigorodok, i. 482.
Kainflvoi, i. 514.
Kajolar, ii.
133.
Kaiferfberg, ii. 602.
Kaifertuhl, iii. 727.
Kaitom Woma, i.
259'
Kakolnik, i. 610.
Kakow, iv. 79.
Kalakobowa, i. 465.
Kalantfoog, iii. 500.
Kalaw, iv. 143,
Kaibach, i. 214.
Kalbe, v. 648.
Kalberg, i. 604.
Kalbra, vi. 126.
Kaldenhart, iv. 568.
Kalfsundet, i.
334.
Kalinov/en, i. ßü^.
Kalifch, i.
59.
Kalldeloon, i. 225.
Kallehaiige, i. no.
Kallie, i. 425.
Kalio, ii. 6g.
Kalloi', i. 124.
Kailundborg, i. 105.
Kalmunz, v. 362.
Kalpe, ii, 287. S.
Kalflund, i. 148.
Kalloe, i. i. 213.
Kaltenbrunn, v. 364.
Kahhof, i.
547.
Kaluga, i.
455.
Kalus, i. 611,
Kama, r. i. 481.
Kamenice, iv. 04.
Kainenitz, ii. go.
Kamenficie Sawodi, i. ßoc;.
Kaininicc Podolfl

I M D I* X.
K;'.ntire, ili. 4"4-
Kapfnacb, iii. 600.
Kaphivar, ii. 45. ^^J.
Kaphin, ii. 79.
Kaplanie, ii. 15S.
K:ipnie, ii. 68.
Kapolwar, ii. 50.
Kappel, iii. 218.
Kappcllendorf, v. 28.
Kappen, vi. 15,
Kapuvar, ii. 45.
KaiafoazAi-, ii, 172.
Karatlchcn, i. 4(^5.
Karaulach, i. 523.
Karei?, ii. 137.
Karelicn, i. 441.
Karelogorod, i. 442.
Karefbo, r. i. 275.
'Kargapol, i. 445.
Karimkarflc, i. 510.
Karlfhaven, v. 48.
Kariiljurg, ii. 82.
Karlftad, ii. ^^.
KarlfiaJt, v. 403.
Karnien, i. i. 196.
Karmefund, ibid.
Karnas, i. 372.
Karolyvar, ii. 82.
Karpfen, ii. 31.
Karpow, i. 46/;.
Karr, i. 149.
Karfchau, i. 548.
Karfun, i. 481.
Kartzag Ujfzalas, ii. 66.
Kariip, i. 132.
Kas, r. i.
473.
Kafan, i. 480.
Kafatfcha, i. 471.
Kafatfcliia Horda, i. 45S.
Kafchin, i. 451.
Kaftlipor, i. 481.
Kafcirfitim, v. 248.
Kafcifwerch, iv. ßoß.
Kafim, r. i. 47'-
Kafimüvv, i. 457.
Kafweek, iii. 500,
Katzchia, i. 514-
Katzentlnbügen, v. ßy. 60.
Katz, V. 61.
Kauffbcurcn. v. 301.
Kaufi ringen, v. 43.
Kaurzim, iv. 80.
Kautokcino, i. 3^0.
Kayl, iv. 500.
Kayinan, i. 546.
Kayferrpfch, iv. 554.
Kazylicrmcn, ii. 169.
Kazymicz, i.
ß^

Kileali, iii.
437.
I N D E X.

•
Kodnia, i. 613.
Xoeverden, iii. 552.
KofeJ, iv. 236,
Koge, i. 104.
Kogel, vi.
444.
Kohalom, ii. 85.
Kohlberg, v. 364.
KokCchaifk, i. 482.
Kokzogar, ii. 169.
Kola, i.
447.
Koibafzeck, ii. 66.
Koldefiord, j. 214.
Kolding, i. 124. 139.
Kolding huus, i. 137.
Kolem, h. i. 201.
Kolin, iv. 80.
Kolivan, ii. 510.
Kollero, i. 296.
Kollum, iii. 536.
Kolno, i. 594.
Kolo, i. 590.
Kolcgin, i. 450.
Kolomak, i. 464.
Kolos, ii. 80.
Kolowna, i.
455.
Kolumbatz, ii. 123.
Kolymbano, i. 510.
Komarotz, ii.
gg.
Komjathy, ii. 24.
Komorna, i, 609.
Kongheil, i. 297.
Kongfbacka, i. 306.
Kongfbergin Norway, i. 1
8^.
in Sweden, i. 321.
Kongfhal], i. 297.
Kongfhavn, i. 214.
Kongfnorby, i. 278'
Kongfwinger, i. 189.
Königen, v. 209.
Konigengratz, iv. 74.
Konigfeck, iv. 82.
Königsberg, i. 531.
Konigftruggc, iv. 130,
Konigfliolm, v. 403.
Konigihors, v. 641.
Konigfegg, V. 270.
Konigfcein, i. 192. v. 114.
Kon'gfwinter, iv, 561. 364.
INDEX.
Konin, i.
590.
Konifwalde, vi. 6.
Konotop, i. 462.
Koogaae, i. 104.
Köpenick, v. 675.
Koporie, i. 336.
Kopornak, ii. 51,
Koppan, ii. 50.
Kopparberg, i. 324.
Koppo, i. 369.
Koppt, v. 320.
Kopraniiz, ii. 92.
Kopyl, i. 622.
Kopys, i, 623.
Korczyn, i. 603.
Korkina, i. 507.
Korlatko, ii. 26.
Kornburg, v. 442.
Korn Neuburg, iv. 172.
Korotojak, i. 466.
Korotfclia, i. 465.
Korpona, ii. 31.
Korfgene, iii. 521.
Korfholm, i. 369.
Korfoor, i. 108.
Korfun, i. 61 2.
Kortina, i. 428.
Kofanvar, ii. 79,
Kofchira, i.
455.
Kofchlau, i.
553.
Kofiany, i. 624.
Koflew, i. 466. ii. 171.
Kotfchenbroda, v. 572.
Koftariitz, ii. 94.
Kofteke, iv. 75. 81.
Koften, i. 590.
Koftenblur, vi. 538.
Koftins, i. 466.
Koftritz, vi. 155.
Koftroma, i. 452.
Kotelnoi Oftrow, i. 429.
Kothcape, h. i. 216.
Kotzing, V. 34S.
Kowafz-a, i. 428.
Kowa!, i.
593.
Kowda, i.
449.
Koweda, i. 448.
Kovvno, i. 619.
Kowfcha, i. 414.
Kozelflc, i. 463.
Krabla, h. i. 216. 227.
Kragaw, i. 544.
Krageroe, i. J87.
Kraina Nyfii, ii. 6t.
Kraina WyfTi, ii. 60,
Krainburg, iv. 2ii.
Krajova, ii. 164.
Krako, vi. 281.
Kralupy, iv. 90.
Kranendonk, iii. ßß6.
Kranukfeld, vi. 50. 59.
Krapina, ii.
^^.
Krappritz, vi. 592.
Krafiiow, i. 613.
Krafnaja, i. 505.
Krafno, i. 624.
Krafnoi, i.
445.
Krafnojarfk, i. 514.
Krafnoijar, i. 478.
KrafnoGobodflsoi, i. 505.
Krafnoftaw, i. 607.
Kratovo, ii. 124.
Krembs, iv. 175.
Krempe, vi. 402.
Krempermarlcli, vi. 406.
Kremfmunfter, iv. 184.
Krenkerup, i. 153.
Kreuta, ii. 45.
K reu tz berg, v. 78.
Kreutzburg, i. 624.
Kreutznach, v. 79.
Kriewitz, vi. 377.
K'^impenner waard, iii. 504.
Krifanitz, ii.
g^'
Krobe, i. 590.
Krodern, i. 188.
Krogfladt, i. 190.
Kroikwitz, vi.
537.
Krombacli, ii. 58.
Kromerziz, iv. 106.
Kromy, i. 465.
Kronan, i. 289.
Kronberg, iv. 524.
Kronburg i. 9.
caftle, i. 100.
Kroneborg, i. 372.
Kronf-

Kronfchlofs, i.
429.
Kronftad, i. 336.
Krop, i. 159.
Kropel, vi. sil:
Kropperfiedt, vi. 359.
KroQung, i. 230.
Krol'no, i. 609.
Krofzna Korka, ii, 64.
Kroitorf, vi. 360.
Krotzka, ii. 122.
Kroze, i. 625.
Kruckftoiin, iii. 420.
Krumiow, iv. 82. 1 12.
Krummenau, iii. 749.
Krupa, ii. 94.
Kriipulie, ii. 138.
Krul'endorf, i. 165.
Krufivig, h. i. 229.
Krufzwica, i.
593.
Krzemeniec, i. 613.
Krzluw, i. 611.
Kizymno, i. 589.
Kualojerfovi, i. 360.
Kubenfkoje, i. 450.
Kubin, ii. 27.
Kudack, i. 464.
Kuhlfheim. iv. 529.
Kuhnfheim, ii. 604.
Kuik, iii.
557.
Kuilenborg, iii. 476.
Kiiinder, iii. 546.
Kuificoi, i. 511.
KukoUo, ii. 81.
Kukus, iv. 75.
Kullafyr, i. 303.
Kulpa, ii. 87.
Kumo, i. 363.
Kundert, li. c^^.
Kunerland, ii. 66.
Kunerfberg, v. 295.
Kungftena, i. 492.
Kungiohr, i. 326.
Kungur, i. 479.
Kunhclyfeg, ii. 6G.
Kunoe, I. i, 213.
Kunow, i. 604.
Kunzan, 546.
Kunzci. v. 605.
Kiipach, V. 335.
INDEX.
Kupferberg,v, 395. vi. 555.
Kuppenheim, v. 217.
Kurfk, i. 465.
Kurutfchefme, ii. 133.
Kufamo, i.
Kulano,
ibid.
'^()Q.
Kufchwinflcoi, I. 502.
KiifmademjanfKi, i. 456.
Kufiel, V. 33.
KulTinowen, i. 563.
Kuftrin, vi. 9.
Kufznacht, iii. 603, G^~;.
Kutfneflc, i. 514.
Kuttenberg, i. 554.
Kutno, i. 592.
Kuttina, ii. 91.
Kyburg, iii. 603.
Kylburg, iii.
SS^-
Kyle, iii. 420.
Kymmene, i. 441.
Kyn:imenegard, i. -
372.
Kyneton, iii. 5, 360.
Kyrkinbae, i. 228.
Kyfyl, i.470-
L
laa, iv. 172.
Laag, vi. 283.
Laaland, i. 120.
Laanganes, i. 227.
Laafphe, v. 136.
Laas, iv. 216.
Labach, iv. 290.
Labes, vi. 92.
Labiau, i.
547.
Labour, ii. 502.
Labyrinth, ii. 157,
Lach, iv. 176.
Lacha, ii. 142.
Lachern, vi. 314.
Lachen, iii. 658.
Lachta, i. 441.
Lacobriga, ii. 211.
Lacotria, r. ii. 537,
Ladegarcs, i. 203.
Ladenbur", iv. c82.
Ladoga, J. i.
372, 41 i.
Lady, ill. 420.
Laten, i. JS7.
Laga, r. i. 279,
Lagaru.s, ii. 206.
Lagarfliot, r. I. 225.
Lagens, ii. 238.
Lagiofo, ii. 192.
Lagiofo, ii. 192.
Lagnien, ii. 429.
Lagny, ii. 384.
Lagoa, ii. 223.
Lago d'agano, iii. i83.
d'Albano, iii. 171.
d'Averno, iii. 140.
di Bagni, iii. 172.
di Bohena, iii. 156.
di Bracciano, iii. 159,
di Camarana, iii. 219,
di Como, iii. 44.
di Garda, iii. 86.
di Hotti, ii. 139.
di Idro, iii. 89.
di Ifeo,
ibid.
di Lugano, iii. 44,
Maggiore, iii. 43.
di Mezzo, iii.
Negro, iii. 199.
e^i.
di Paivolo, iii. 52.
di Perugia, iii. 152.
di Plave, ii. 139.
di Scutari, ii. 139.
Sfaccia, ii. 139.
di Sopro, iii. 52.
di Sotto,
ibid.
di Vico, iii. 155.
Lagomel, ii. 227.
Lagos, ii. 31-, 211.
Lagow, i. 605.
Lali.n, vi. 55S.
Lahaberg, v. 90.
Lahohn, i. 305.
Lahr, v. 94.
Laibitz, i. 603.
Laino, iii. 199.
i ailchev,', 1. 481.
Laizc, ii. 524.
Lakenbach, ii.
45,
Laktea, i. 293.
Lala, r. i.
449.
Lalim, ii, 208.
Laifuoipofij^'^

I.alflvoipofatl, i,
449.
Lamas de Orothao, ii. ipfj.
L-.imbach, iv. iKo.
L^nib.ilc, ii. 520.
Lambes, ii.
447.
Lambourn, iii. 291.
Lambfhcim, Iv. 585.
X^amegd, ii. 209.
Lamcgo, ii. 207.
L^amcrola, ii. 222.
Lamerton, iii. 259.
Lamialh, iii. 42?.
Lampayes, ii. 327.
Lampcrdicim, ii.
599,
Lamipringe, vi. 432.
L^ampiVedt, vi- 221.
jLan or Lehn, v. 35.
Lanbcdar, iii. 41 1.
Lancafhirc, iii. 401.
Lancafler, iii. 402.
Lanciano, iii.' 207.
Landaff, iii. 409.
Landau, ii. ^

Lauder, ill. 417.
Lauderdale, iii. 417«
Lavedan, ii. 507.
Lavello, iii. igii.
Lauvenan, vi. 513.
Lavcnbiirg.vi, 94, 95, 441.
443-
Lauenham, iii. 328.
Lauenftein, vi. 309.
Lavenza, ii. 66.
Lavera de placia, ii. 177.
Lavernie, i. 647.
Lauf, V. 518.
Laufenburg, iv. 248.
LaufFen, iii. 600. v. 15,
198, 319.
Laughi le, iii, 36.
Lauglene, iii.
437.
Laugordalur, i. 229.
Lauingen, v. 360.
Laumerflieim, v. 9.
Launcefton, iii.
257.
Launy, iv. 90.
Launcowrie, iv. Sr.
Laupen, I. iii. 227.
Laupac, ii. 471.
Lauradio, ii. 222.
La vre, ii. 224.
Laurana, ii. 218.
Laurentius, i.
474.
Laurenzano, iii.
199.
Lauria, ibid.
Lauringcn, v. 405.
Laurkulien, i. 187.
Laurwigen, ibid.
Laufanne, iii. 638.
Laufzig, V. 592.
Lautenbach, iv. 92.
Lautenburg, i. 647.
Lautenthal, vi. 285.
Lauter, vi. 40.
r. ii.
594.
Lauterbach, iv. 22.
Lautern, iv. 385, v. 29.
Lauterhofen, v. 351.
Lautereck, v. 30.
Läutern, iv. 585. v. 12^.
Lautrec, ii.
470.
Vor,. VI.
INDEX.
Lauwerfe, iii, 657.
Lauzerfe, ii.
497,
Lawa, i.
414.
Lawla, i. 412,
Laxa, r. i. 225.
Laxafiord, i. 211.
Lazarim, ii. 208.
Leal, i.
427.
Learmouth, iii,
397.
Lebe, vi. g^.
Lebedyan, i. 466.
Leber, r. ii.
593.
Leberau, ii. 603.
Lebruxa, ii. 284.
Lebus, V. 672, 6y2'
Lecale, iii.
441.
Lecaflelle, iii. 104.
Lecce, iii. 203.
Lecco, iii.
49.
Leche, iii.
255-
Lechlade, iii.
354.
Leek, i. 149.
Leckau, i. 153.
Leckow, i. 292.
Ledbury, iii. ^60.
Leddow, i. 425.
Ledecz, iv. 78.
Leden, i. 6S.
Ledefina, ii. 276.
Ledinfkoja Uflblie, 1.
449.
Lednitz, ii. 26.
Leider, v. 168,
Leeds, iii. 386.
Leer, iv. 422.
Leerdalfo, i. 199.
Leerdam, iii. 505.
Leirfum, iv, 267,
Leeftof, iii.
233-
Leeuwaarden, iii. 532.
Leeuwarderadel, iii. 536.
Leeuwe, iv. 267.
Lefferinckhocke, ii.
572.
I,eganes, ii. 307.
Legau, v. 173,
Leghenich, iv. 5^4,
Leghorn, iii. 128.
Legnano, iii. 87.
Legrad, ii. 51.
5 A
Lehn, i. 275.
Lehrten, vi. 58.
Leibenchal, vi. 557.
Lcicefterfliirc, iii. 36S.
town, iii.
369,
Lcichnitz, ii. 85.
Leictoure, ii.
504,
Leiden, iii.
490.
Leigh, iii. 403.
Leighnigh, iii.
435.
Leighton, iii.
343,
Leimbach, vi. 138.
Lein, vi, 286.
Leiningen, v, 9-128-3?.
Leinfingen, vi, 134.
Leinfter, lii.
435,
LeipheiiTi, v. 286,
Leipzig, V. 583.
Leirhniukur, i. 227.
Leiria, ii. 218.
Leiflenau, iv, 186.
Leiizriig, v. 590,
Leith, iii. 418.
Leitha, ii. 418.
Leitrim, iii.
443.
Lelefz, ii. 60.
Lelow, i.
597.
Lemberg, i. 608,
Lenibeye, ii. 491,
Lembro, ii. 147,
Lemena, i.
149.
Lemford, iv. 487.
Lemgo, iv. 451.
Lemkindotf, i. 106.
Lemno, i, 149.
Lemnos, iii. 158.
Lemfal, i, 424,
Lemfterland, iii.
539.
Lemwig, i. 136.
Lena, i.
473.
Lenato, iii. 48.
Lenczycz, i.
591,
Lendenara, iii. 84.
Lcndinara, iii. 86.
Lendfidel, v. 487.
Leney, iii. 443.
Leng. iii. 630,
Lengefeld, v. 603, 614.
Lengerich^

Lengeiich, iv, 4^6,
Leni.
Leun, v. 113.
Leuneburg, i. 552.
Levorano, iii. 203.
Levroux, ii. 560.
Leus, iv. -^o.^.
Leutenberg, vi. 124.,
Leuterfliaui'ea, v. 447.
Leuthen, vi. e^-\q.
Lcutkirch, v. 303.
Leutmeritz, iv. 93.
Leutfthau, ii.
57.
Leuwardcn, i. 424.
Lewer,, iii. 301.
Lewin, vi. 621.
Lewi^, iii. 430.
Lcwizc, ii. 34.
Lexa, i.
373.
Leya, ii. 281.
l^eyrac, ii. 504.
Leyrdal, i.
199,.
Ley fa, v. 68..
Lezar, ii. 4S4.
Lezon, ii. 524.
Lhyn Tegid, iii. 412.
Lialinokoipogorfl, i. 502.
Liancourt, ii. 389.
Liapinfkoi, i. 510.
Liban, iv. ']i.
Libau, i. 662.
Libcth, ii. 30.
Libourne, ii.
494.
Liburnia, ii.
95.
Licca, ibid.
Lieh, v. 115.
Lichfield, iii.
379.
Lichtenau, iii. 520. iv. 31^^.
v. 44.
Lichtenberg, ii. 608. v. 75.
424. vi. 340.
Lichtenteis, v. 396.
Lichtendleig, iii. 748.
Lichtenftein, vi. 160.
Lichtenvoorde, iii. 430.
Lida, i. 618.
Liübury, iii. "^Go.
Liddifdale, iii. 419.
Lidenfels, iv. 587.
Lidkopery, i. 292.
Lido di Malamocio, iii. 83,
di Paleflina, ibid.
Lidoon, i. 318.
Liebana, ii. 269.
Liebaw, vi. 551.
Liebenau, iv. 482.
Liebeiiburg, vi. 433.
Liebengruna, v. 618..
Licbenltein, ii. 604.
•
Liebenwald, v. G6z, iv. 232.
Lier, i. 185, iv. 276..
LielTe, ii. 388.
Lletzen, v. 614.
Lievray, ii. 529.
Lieuvic.

. in
Lieuvin,
ibid.
Lifford, ii. 442.
Lifcon, iii. 259.
Ligne, iv. 305.
Lignen, ii. 431.
Ligni, ii- 587.
Lignitz, vi. c,59-
Lignon, ii. 547.
Liguiel, ii. 563.
Lihons, ii. 400.
Liimfiordor, i. 124.
Lik, i- 531-
I^ili, iii. 132.
Lilienthal, vi. 223.
Lillebonne, ii. 525.
Lille Tofeny, i. 202.
Lillers, ii. 408.
Lillo, iii. 564.
Lillfee, i. 5S2.
Lima r, ii. 177.
Limagne, ii. 552.
Limale, iv. 265.
Limberg, iv. 473.
Limburg, iv. 278,398,557.
V. 502.
Lime, iii. 263.
Limeric, iii.
445.
Limcuil, ii
495.
Limne, iii. 305.
Limoges, ii.
^^5.
Limolin, ii.
545 ß6.
Limoux, ii. 472.
Linares, ii. 290.
Linas, ii. 324.
Lincoln, iii.
374.
Ihire, iii. ibid.
Lindau, vi. 109.
Linde, v. 63.
Lindena, i. 195.
Lindenau, i. 550. vi. 47.
Lindcnberg, vi. 85.
Lindenwold, i. 128.
Lindefberg, i. 326. .
Lindhohn, i. 106.
in Schonen, i. 301.,
in upland, i. 318.
\\ . Gothland, i. 293.
Lando, v. 678.
INDEX.
Lindofo, ii.
193.
Lindva, ii. 50.
Linet, iii,
443.
Lingen, iv. 464.
Linhares, ii. 198. 210.
Linieres, ii. ^c^i^.
Linkioping, i. 275.
Linlithgow, iii. 418.
Linne, iv. ^6ß.
Linnich, iv. 403.
Linton, iii.
342.
Linz, IV. 178, 562. V. 459.
Lions, iii. 528.
le launier, ii. 609.
Lipari, I. iii. 217.
Lipianfkoi, i. 511.
Lipowice, i. 602.
, Lipp, ii. 72.
Lippe, iv. 448.
Lippehne, vi. 10.
Lippey, iv. ^^.
Lipto, ii. 27.
Liptfche, ii. 30.
Lis, r. ii. 396.
Lifberg, i. 132. v. 65.
Liiton, ii. 2 13.
Lilbourg, ii. 409.
Lilburnc, iii. 441.
Lilca bianca, iii. 218.
Lifieux, ii. 530.
Lifle, ii. 568.
Lille d' Albigeois, ii. 470.
Lifmore, iii. 425-45.
Lifna, i. 589.
Lilla, i. 589, vi. 537-
Lift, i. 141.
Lifter, i. 195.
Lifterlliarad, i. 308.
Lithuania, 1. 617.
Litornyfl, iv. 76.
Ijivadia, ii. 142.
Liubim,, i. 451.
Livia, ii. 325.
Livingdal, i. 336.
Livinge Fredcrielborgji. 09.,
Kronbeig, ibid.
Livonia, k 414.
Liverdun, ii. 391..
Livon, ii. 442.
Liufnan, r. i. 332.
Liufncdal, i. 336.
Liuftern, ii. 278.
Liw, i.
594.
Liz, i.
594.
Llandaftj iii. 409.
Llandbedernbaur, iii. 4rr.
Llanimdovery, iii. 408.,
Llanidios, iii. 41 1.
Llanhificnt, iii. 410.
Llanvilling, iii. 412.
Loarrc, ii. 317.
Lobau, i. 647. iv. 132.
Lobeda, vi. 34.
Lobegan, vi. 195.
Lobenftein, vi. 156.
Lobregal, ii.
319.
Lobroe, i. 215.
Lobftadr, v. ßCj^.
Loburg, vi. 188.
Lobufca, iii. 208.
Lochaber, iii. 428.
Lochbrine, iii. 130
Lochern, iii. 478.
Loches, ii. 562.
Lochhew, iii. 430.
Lochfinlagan, iii. 424.
Lochfyn, ibid.
Lochleven, iii. 42 ^.
Loch- Lomond, iii. 422.
Lochmaben, iii. 419.
Lochrain, ibid.
Lochfted, i.
545.
Lockenitz, vi. 6.
Lock-, iii. 810.
Loftea, i. 358.
Loddon, iii.
339.
Lod?, i. .
427.
Lodele N and S, i. lio^.
Lodeve, ii.
475.
Lücli, iii. 50.
Vecchio, ibid.
Lcdigiano, ibid.
Lodi;-igen, L 21 1,
Lodz, 1. 592.
Loenholm, i. i*-,-
Lofahsgi-ube,, i. 257.
Lofi^nger,

Loffr, V. 320.
Loffingen, v. 263.
Lofoden, i. 205.
l.oftfradt, i. 278.
Loffta lü-allcbruck, i. 318.
Loginfliolm, iü. 442.
Logowoi, i. 456.
Lograno, ü. 313.
Logllor, i. 12 3.
Loh, i. 121.
Lohbeck, i. 143.
Loheide, i. 159.
Lohmklüfter. i. 149,
Lohnllein, iv. 526.
Lojano, iii. 141.
Lojo, ü. 293.
Loir, ü. 335.
Loire, r. ii.
335, 464.
Loiret, r. ii. 537.
Loitz, vi. 80.
Loitzerot, vi. 85.
Lomagne, ii. 504.
Lomaria, ii. 522.
Lombardy, iii. 43.
Lomben, ii. 506.
Lomellina, iii. 39.
Lommatfzch, v. 568.
Lommellum, iv. 505.
Lomza, i. 594.
Lonato, iii. 90.
Londe, ii. 527.
London, iii. 314-
Londonderry, iii. 442.
Longa, ii. 208.
Longford, iii. 439.
Longjumeau, ii. 394.
Longobuco, üi. 199.
Longueville, ii. 526-70.
Longuiv'on, ii. 588.
Longwi, ii. 576.
Lonigo, iii. 89.
Lonidale, iii. 401.
Lonfee, v. 287.
Lonzana, ii. 267.
Loo, iii. 483.
Loofdrechr, iii. 499.
Loofduincn, iii. 501.
INDEX.
Looz, iv. 333.
Lopikcr waard, 554, 29.
Lora, ii. 382. vi. 168. iii.
112.
Lorca, ii. 295.
Lorch, iv. 525.
Lorco, iii. 83.
Loreto> iii. 148.
Lorgues, ii.
454.
Loriga, ii. 211.
Lorn, iii. 424.
Lorqui. ii. 296.
Lörrach, v. 223.
Lorrain, ii. 578.
Lorris, i. 542.
Lolbnz, ii.
37.
Lolzdorf, vi. 621.
Lota, iii. 112.
Lothian, iii. 417.
Lotzen, i. 563.
Lovaretta, iii, 208.
Loudeac, ii. 520.
Loudon, iii. 420.
Loudun, ii. 515.
Lovere, iii. 91.
Loueftein, iii.
497,
Loughborough, iii. 369.
Loughlew, iii.
437.
Lough-Meath, iii.
445.
Lough Neagh, iii, 441.
Loughreagh, iii. 444.
Lcuhans, ii. 427.
Louifa, i. 371.
Louifendorf, v. ^ß.
Loule, ii. 232.
Loupi, ii. 587.
Lourde, ii. 507.
Louredo, ii. 194.
Lourinhaa, ii. 217.
Louriffal, ii. 206.
Louroia, ii. 211.
Loufada, ii. 194.
Louth, iii. 372.
County of, iii. 440.
Louve, ii. öoy.
Louvain, iv. 263.
Louviers, ii. 528.
Louvre, ii. 368;
Lourvcs, ii. 384.
Louzaa, ii. 206.
Lowat, i.
445.
Lowe, i. io6.
Löwen, vi. 542.
Lowcnberg, vi. gi^y,
Lowenllein, iv. 2S5.
V. 214.
Wertheim, v. 476.
Lowiez, i.
592.
Lowofitz, iv. 94.
Loxa, ii.
293.
Loye, ii. 428.
Loyola, ii. 272.
Lofznitz, vi. 159.
Luarca, ii. 269.
Lubanal, i. 416.
Lubbeck, iv. 351.
Lubben, iv. 143.
Lübeck, vi. 447. 454.
Lube.n, vi, 564.
Lubitfch, i. 462.
Lublin, i. 605.
Lublinitz, vi. 594.
Lublyo, i. 603.
Lubni, i. 464.
Lubz, vi. 378.
Luc, ii. 442.
Lucafhof, vi. 281.
Lucca, iii. 115, vi. ßß.
Lucena, ii. 282-90.
Lucera, iii. 265.
Luceria, Ii. 290.
Lucern, iii. 644, 645.
Lucerna, üi. 31.
Lucey, iii. 21.
Luch, i. 451.
Lucho, vi. 247.
Luchowieze, i. 621.
Luch-Mayor, ii.
327.
Luck, i. 613.
Luckau, iv. 140.
Luckenwalde, vi. 200.
Lucklum, vi. 341.
Lufon, ii. 515.
Lucrine, 1. iii. 190.
lyuddinghaufen, iv. 325.
Lude,

Lude, ii. 565.
Ludenicheid, iv. 391.
Luders, ii. 602.
Ludgoiias, i. 322.
Ludlow, iii. 380.
Ludwigiberg, v. 207.
Ludwig-Schorgaft, v. 295-
Ludwigfeck, vi. 505.
Ludwigftadr, v. 424.
Ludwigftein, v. 59.
Ludzen, i. 624.
Lue, V. 2^^-
Luetenberg, iv. 193.
Luga, iii. 266.
Lugano, iii. 739.
Lugde, iv. 318.
Lugganis, iii.
y^g.
Luggerfhall, iii. 279.
Lugo, r. i. 428,
Lugos, ii. 72.
Luidbring, ii, 92.
Luiradois, ii.
554.
Lukafa, i. 516.
Lukkenfwerk, i. 202.
Luküw, i, 605.
Luba, i. 340-58,
Lumello, iii. ^g.
Lumiaris, ii. 208.
Lummefweiler, ii. 66ß.
Luna, ii. 317, iii. 104.
Lund, i. 300.
Lunde, i. 116.
Lunden, vi. 414.
Lundenas, i. 137.
Lundefee, i. 195.
Lundtoft, i. 149.
L'jndy, iii. 263.
Lune, vi. 248-54.
Lüneburg, i. 552. vi. 237.
41.
Lunel,
_
ii.
477.
Lünen, iv. 388.
Lunevilie, ii. 582.
Lunzenau, vi. 160.
Lupach, ii. 604.
Lupin, ii. 514.
Lupo, iii. 125, vi. 94.
Lupoglava, ii.
93,
Vol. vi.
INDEX.
l,uppurg, V, 361.
Lurge, iii.
443.
Lurkt, i. 358.
Lurky, ii. 431.
Lurs, ii.
457.
Lury, ii. 560.
Lufa, i. 449.
Lufatia, iv. 116, 138.
Lufignan, li. 513.
LufTac, ii. 514.
Lude, ii. 489.
Luftry, iii. b^g.
Lutjcnberg, vi, 425.
Lutik, i. 468.
Luton, iii.
343.
Lutfmanfburg, ii. 44,
Lutter, vi. 349.
Lutterworth, iii. 369.
Luttich, ii. ß6g.
Lutzelftein, ii. 606,
Lutzenburg, iii. 701,
Lutzen, 621.
Luxueil, ii. 60S.
Luxembourg, ii. 5y6.
Luxemburg, iv. 281.
Luyne, iii. 438.
Luyiappel, i. 164.
Luzara, iii. 54.
Luzarches, ii.
3g4,
Luzeburg, iv, 422.
Luzeo, i, 113.
Luzy, ii.
545.
Lwow, i. 608.
Lygum,_ i. 149.
Lyka, ii.
97.
Lykaner, ii.
gy,
Lykav/a, ii. 28.
Lykkenlvverk,
Lykftle, i.
397.
Lyme regis, iii. 264.
Lymfurt, i. 124.
Lymington, iii. 282.
Lynn, ni. 337.
Lyoe, i. 116.
Lyon, ii. 548.
Lyonnois, ii.
547.
Lyi'e-klofter, i. 197.
Lyfgaard, i. 132.
^
B
Lyflcr-Dyb, i. 124.
Lyxtoer, i. 132.
M.
]y,fAarrcn, iii.
529.
Mnaflaiid, iii. 502.
Maafiricht, iii. 564.
Maafwaal, iii. 474.
Ma9aas de Cominho, 220.
Macarfta, ii. 100,
Macclesfield, iii.
383.
Macedonia, i, 135,
Macel, iii.
33.
Macerava, iii. 151.
Machecon, ii. 51g.
Machico, ii. 234.
Macherzcl, v. 20.
Machynleth, iii. 411.
Mafonnois, ii. 427.
Macronifi, i. iv. 150.
Mad, ii. 6;.
Madarafs, ii. 66.
Madegnano, iii. 91.
Madera, ii. 234.
Madonna de S. Luca, iii.
141.
Madonna del Monti, iii. 141.
Madorna, iii. 90.
Madrid in Spain, ii. 302.
in France, ii. 38 1.
Madrigal, ii.
309.
Madrigalcjo, ii. 279.
Macler, i. 309.
Maelftrom, i. 205.
Maeftro, iii. 83.
Mafra, ii. 216.
Magadouro, ii. 199.
Magdeburg, vi. 172;
Magdela, vi. 27.
Magere, i. i. 207.
Maghere, iii. 443.
Maghereboy, ibid.
Magliana, iii. 126.
Magnoac, ii. 503.
Magny, ii. 3 89.
Magra, iii. 126.
Magunihie, iii. 445.
Magyar Bei, ii. 20,
Magyarad, ii. 36,
Mahas,

Mail as, i.
35 8,
Mahlberg, v. 210.
Mahiftrom, i, 205.
Mahon, ii. szg.
Maja, i.
474.
Maidenhead, iii. 294.
Maidftone, iii. 31 2.
Maienne, ii. 534.
1".
ßS5'
Mailberg, ii. 173.
^Jailleraie, ii. 522.
Maillerais, ii. 515.
Maina, ii. 145.
Mainburg, v. 33 i.
Maine, i.
534.
Maintenon, ii. 540.
Maio, iii.
443.
Majorca, ii. 326.
Majorey, vi. 35S.
Maifon rouge, ii, 382.
Maifons, ibid.
Majuri, iii. 196.
Makkum, iii. 538.
Makow, i. ^c)6.
Makowitza, ii.
ßg.
Makowfkoi, i. 517.
Mala, i. 441.
Malaga, ii. 294.
Malagoer, i. 6o4>
Malapart, i. 298.
Malam, iii. 329.
Malatour, ii. 5S9.
Malarzka, ii. 22.
Malarcaen, ii. 460.
Malchien, vi. 382.
Maicho, vi. 38?.
Maletroit, ii; 522.
Malgrange, ii. 581.
Malis, ii. 145.
Malixo, ii, 720.
Mallen, ii. 317.
Mailing, iii. 312.
Mallo, iii.
445.
Mallorca, ii. 326.
Malmo, i. 300.
Malmfbury, iii. 27S.
Malmyeyk, i. 318.
Malmyfch, i. ^Hi.
INDEX.
Male, iii. 88.
Maloi, i. 481.
Malowitz, vi. 537.
Mal pas, iii. 382.
Malpifo, ii. 265,
Malplaqucr, iv. 306.
Malta, i. 139.
Malta, I. iii. 219.
city, iii. 223,
Malten, iii. 392.
Malvern hills, iii. 361.
Malvefia, ii. 145.
Mama, i.
474.
Man, I. iii, 414.
Mana, i, 473.
Manacor, ii. 328,
Mancellos, ii, 194.
Mancha, i. ii. 301,
Manchefter, iii. 403.
Mandal, i. 194-5.
Mandeo, ii. 264,
Mandre aux quatre tours,
ii,
587,
Manatin, iv. 88.
Mane, ii.
457.
Maneille, iii. 33.
Manfredonia, iii. 206.
Mangafca, i. 512.
Mangfchuto, ii.
543.
Manheim, iv.
579.
Manhenfe, ii. 193,
Maningtree, iii. 326.
Mank, ii, 169.
Manorgue, ii,
457,
Manrel'a, ii.
323.
Mans, ii.
ß25-
Mansfeld, vi. 13, 127, 136.
Mansfield, iii,
375.
Manfurka, i. 473,
Mantaille, ii. 440.
Mante, ii. 389.
Manteiras, ii. 240.
Mantodine, iii. 91.
Mantois, ii. 389.
Mantua, iii. 52.
Manzanares, ii. 302.
Magueda, ii. 305.
Maram, h. ii. ij6.
Maranein, ii, 502.'
Marano, iii,
93,
Marans, ii, 512.
Marbach, v. 600.
Marbella, ii. 294.
Marburg, iv. 193. v, 53,
Marcaria, iii. 54,
Marche, iv. 282,
Marcheck, ii. 172.
Marche la, ii.
§^y.
le grand, ii. 521.
Marchena, ii. 289.
Marchenois, ii. 541.
Marcher, i. 190.
Marches, ii. 532.
Marchiennes, ii. 569.
Marchthal, v. 252,
Marcigny, iv. 477.
Marco, iii. 66.
Mardyk, ii. 573.
Mareg, ii. 405.
Maremmadi Siena, iii.
131»'
Marennes, ii. 502. lo.
Maretano, iii. 217.
Mareuil, i. 515.
Margallan, ii. 438.
Margarethin, i. 42.
Margate, iii. 307.
Margelflieim, ii.
599.
Margem, ii. 227.
Marggrabowa, i. 562.
Marggroningen, v. 195.
Margfiera, iii. S3.
Margretelunde, i. 318.
Mariager, i. 124. 132. 13J.
Marialva, ii. 209.
Mariana, iii. 1 13.
Mariano, iii.
49.
Marieböe, i. 121.
Mariedal, i. 293.
Mariefred, i, 32 r.
Marieholm, i. 292.
Marienberg, v. 602.
Marienbourg, i. 6^. ii.
574,
Marienburg, i. 647. vi, 430.
Marienflie, vi. 91.
Marienhaus, i. 624.
Marienparadies, i.
6^y.
Marien-

Marientlral, i. 426.
Marienwerder, i.
ßßß,
Marien walde, vi. 13.
Maries les trois, ii.
449.
Marieftadt, i. 282.
Marignano, iii.
49.
Marigny, iii, 20.
Marimont, ii. 576.
Marineo, iii. 317.
Maringue, ii. 553.
Marino, iii. 171.
Maritz, r. ii. 128.
Marizdorf, v. 164.
Marken, iii.
514,
Market Deeping, iii. 371.
Jew, iii. 256.
Rafen, iii.
372.
Markfurt, r. i. 225.
Markam, iii.
337.
Markhe, v. 340.
Markirch, ii. 603.
Mark-new, vi. 7.
neiikirchen, v. 61 r.
Lengerflurm, v. 228.
Burgel, ibid.
Burgbernheim, ibid.
El I bach, V. 429.
Schainfeld, v. 175.
Markleuchen, v. 423.
Marklifla, iv. 133.
Markoble, v. 105.
Markoldendorf, vi. 43 c;.
Markolflieim, ii. 599.
Markowo Gorodifchticlie, i.
5^7-
Markfdorf, ii, 58.
t-fchorgaft, v. 396.
Steimach, v. 406.
Bibarr, v. 407.
Markusfalva, ii. 58,
Marlborough, iii. 279.
Marie, ii. 39S.
Marlenheim, ii. 596,
Marlieu, ii. 431.
Mario, vi. 383.
Marlow, iii,
349,
Marly, ii. 391.
Marmande, li. 496,
INDEX.
Marnay, ii. 608.
Marne, r. ii. 334. 409.
Maro, iii. ^ß.
Maros, ii. 36.
Maros Vaiarhely, ii. 84.
Maroftica, iii. Sg.
Marpach, v, 191.
Marquartftein, v. 338.
Marquife, i. 403,
Marfa, iii. 222.
Marfal, ii. 584.
Marfala, iii, 216.
Marfan, ii. 501.
Marfciano, iii. 152.
Marfeille, ii. 450.
Marih, iii. 340.
Marflifield, iii, 25^-
Marfico vetcre, iii. 199,
nuovo, iii. 197.
Marfigliana, iii. 131,
MarfiUae, ii. 514.
Marfillefburg, i. 135,
Marfilly, ii. 512.
Marftal, i. 152.
Marftrand, i. 297.
Marta, iii. 156.
Martana, iii. 156.
Martegny, iii. 801.
Martel, ii.
497.
Martigues, ii.
447.
Martina, iii. 204.
Martinow, i. 610.
Martinfoerg, ii. 46,
Marton-mere, iii. 401.
Martonos, ii. 44.
Martorel, ii. 322.
Martos, ii. 290.
Martray, ii, 511.
Marvejols, ii. 481,
Marviel, ii.
474.
Marville, ii.
577.
Mary, iii. 263.
Maryborough, iii. 438.
Marza, iii. 215.
Marza Mufuetto, iii. 219.
Marzaglia, iii. S^.
Marzilla, ii. 313.
Mas, ii. 501.
Mas d'Agenois, ii. 496.
de la Barde, ii. 473.
Garnier, ii. tO;^
Mafham, iii. 391.
MafRo, i. 363.
Mafmunfter, ii. 606.
Mafovia, i.
594.
Mafia, iii. 66. :^i.
Mafia Subrenfe, iii. 192.
Mafiliciuccoli, iii. ii6-
Mafifafra, iii. 204.
Mafiane, h. ii. 485.
Mafiat, ii. 506.
Maffoeube, ii. 505.
Mafic c, vi. 58.
Mafterano, iii. 67.
Mallenbrock, iii. 544.
Mafter, ii. 105.
Mafuren, i.
594.
Matagoraa, ii. 2 85.
Matacour, iii. 193.
Matanza, ii. 209.
Matapan, ii. 146.
Macaro, ii. 324.
Mataro, iii. 204.
Matlock, iii.
277-
Matolts, ii. 68.
Matogifone, iii. 212.
Mattigkofen, v. 341.
Matten, ii 606.
Matthias Thai, Hi. 30.
Mattfee, v. 319.
Macfch, iv. 234.
Matfdorf, i. 603.
Maubeuge, ii. 570.
Maudites les, iii. 15.
Mauleoa, ii. 503. 15.
Maura Santa, i. ii. 160.
Mauriac, ii. 552.
Maurienne, iii. 22,
Mauri tzbcrg, i. 278.
Maurkirchen, v. 341.
Maurs, ii. 552.
Maurfmunfler, ii. 601.
Mauterndorf, v. 321.
Maucville, ii. 527.
Mauvefin, ii. 505.
May, iii. 434.
Maya,

May,), ii.
194,
May bole, iii. 419.
Mayen, iv. 854.
Mayenfeld, iii. 778.
Mayn, r. iv. 8.
Maynbernheim, v. 449.
Mayo, iii. 443.
Mayorga, ii. 275.
Mayre caftle, iii. 440.
Maz d'Azil, ii. 484.
Mazara, iii. 216.
Mazeres, ii. 454.
Mazone, iii. 105.
Mazorbo, iii. 83.
Mazzarin, iii. 2 15.
Mazzo, iii. 784.
Mazzolo, iii. 126.
Meadas, ii. 228.
Meadia, ii. 164.
Meane, iii. 30.
Meath Eaft, iii. 438.
Weft-, iii. 430.
Meaux, ii. 418.
Mcchelen, iv. 277.
Mechertheirr:, v. 561.
Mecklenburg, vi. 366.
Meckmuhl, v. 204.
Mcda, ii. 209.
Mede, iii.
39.
Medebach, iv. 572.
Medellin, ii. 279.
Medelpad, i. 333.
Medelltzharad, i. 30S.
AledenbHck, iii. 509.
Medevi, i. 278.
Medgyes, ii. 85.
Medianos, ii. 319.
Medina Sidonia, ii. 287,
del Campo, li. 276.
Cei', ii. 310.
de Rio Secco, ii.
375.
de las torres, ii. 2b'o.
Medinfheim, vi. 258.
Medipan, iv. loS.
Mfdoc, ii. 104.
Medoli, iii. 67.
Medom, ii. 108.
Mtdevediiza, r. i. 481.
INDEX.
Mcdivis, ii. 85.
Medzibor, ii.
577.
Mceltunder, i, 141.
Meenine, iv. 296.
Mees, ii. 456.
Megali Cammini, ii.
Megara, ii. 143.
Megen, iii.
559.
Megliere, iii. 27.
Megoli, iii. 67.
Meiuenberg, v. 90.
Mehrlole, i. 104.
Meienburg, v. 651.
Meilen, iii. 605.
r^S.
Meilleraie, ii. 515.
Meinede, ii. 194.
Meinerfen, vi. 261.
Meinfeld, iv.
555.
Meinungen, v. 468.
Meiflen, v. 563. 566.
Meiflenheim, v. 33.
Melanto, iv. 106.
Melantois, ii. g6S.
Melchingen, v. 233.
Melcombe regis, iii. 265.
Meldalfwerk, i. 202.
Mcldola, iii. 144.
Meldorp, vi. 409.
Melefk, i. 514.
Melfi, iii. 198.
Melford, iii. 328.
Melgajo, ii. 195.
Melgiar, ii. 311.
Melkowatz, ii. 126.
Melicura, iii, 301.
Melis, vi. 49.
Melita, i. ii. 105.
Melito, iii. 201.
Mellan, i. 294.
Melle, ii. 2jo.
Meliingen, iii.
y^S-
Mello, ii. 210.
Melore, i. iii. 131.
Melos, ii. 152.
Melre, ii. 194.
Melrichftadt, v. 405.
Melfac, i. 6ß^.
Melfiingen, v. 45,
Melton Mowbray, ill. 369.
Melvil, iii. 422.
Melun, ii.
394.
Melzo, iii.
49.
Memcl, r. i.
529.
town, i.
559.
Memers, ii.
535.
Memmingen, v. 292.
Menaldumadeel, iii.
ß^y.
Menards, ii. 542.
Menarola, iii. 104.
Mende, ii. 481.
Menden, iv. 570.
Mendlefham, iii. 330.
Mendrifio, iii. 741.
Meneroe, ii. 461.
Mengeringhaufen, v. 99.
Mcngravilla, ii.
309.
Menhardfdorf, i. 603.
Meningen, v. 261.
Mennedorf, iii. 603.
Menneton Salon, ii. 561.
Mens, ii.
437.
Mente, iv. 523.
Menton, iii. 6y.
Menzelinfk, i. 480.
Menzo, r. iii. 52.
Melpeil, iii.
553.
Mequienfa, ii. 318,
Mer, ii. 542.
Meran, iv. 234.
Merana, vi. 160.
Merazion, iii. 256.
Mercadel, ii. 329.
Mercoeur, ii.
554,
Mercor, i. 616.
Mergentheim, v. 452.
Mergozzo, iii. 40.
Merida, ii. 279.
Merionethfhire, ii. 412.
Merkindorf, v. 446.
Merklin, iv. 88.
Merlingen, v. 214.
Merofaglia, iii. 1 1
3.
Merfberg, v. 164.
Merfe, iii. 440.
Merfeburg, v. 618, 622.
Mertola, ii. 226.
Merville,

Merville, ii. ßG-j.
Meruve, ii. 409.
Merxiiaufcn, v. 50.
Mery fur Seine, ii. 411.
Mcfclitchowfk, i.
455.
Melciagnes, iii. 203.
Mefembria, ii. 127.
Mefen, i 448.
Meferitz, i. 589.
Meferzicz, iv. 106, 114.
Mefieres, ii. 414.
Melquirella, ii. 210.
Meflat, ii. ^^6.
MefTejana, ii. 226.
Meffina, iii. 212.
Mefz, ii. 574.
Metello, iii. 63.
Mctrowich, ii. loi.
Metfcliomaja, i. 478.
Metterfdoi-f, ii. 85.
Mecz, ii.
575.
Metzenferf, ii. 62.
Meudon, ii.
393.
Meve, i.
62y.
Meulaii, ii. ^8g.
Meun, ii.
5S9-55-
Meuoillon, ii.
439.
Meurte, r. ii. 409.
Meufe, r. ibid.
Mewen, i. 162.
Meyenberg, iii. 729.
Meyroce, r. ii. 432.
Meze, ii.
479.
Mezin, ii. 500.
Mezzano, iii. 1 14.
Mezzo, I. ii. 161.
Mezzoiofo, iii. 217.
Mezzovo, ii. 141.
Mga, i. 428.
Mias, r. i. 472.
MichaiJle, ii. 429.
Michailonowogrod, i. 478.
Michaclow, i.
455.
Michalftadt, v. 500.
Michelau, i. 647, vi. 542.
Michelfdorf, i. 603.
Middleburg, iii. 516.
Middelaer, iv. 288.
Vol. VI.
I N D E X,
Middclfom, i. 129.
Middk'fex, iii.
314.
Middlethird, iii.
444.
,
Middlewicli, iii. :^\i^.
Midergias, v. 470.
Midhurft, iii. 298.
Midium, iii.
391.
Mid Lothian, iii. 417.
Midoens, ii. 212.
xMidfyfe], i.
194.
Midvaag, i. 214.
Miechow, i.
597.
Miederguok, i. 613,
Miedrichi, i. 625.
Miedzilcs, i. 606.
Miedzyrzos, i. ^^q.
Mielvow, i. 598.
Mielrick, i. 606. iv. 72.
Mier, ii.
499.
Miefbach, v. 383.
Miefta, ii. 301.
Miga Camniini, ii. ^^%.
Migliere, iii. 27.
Mihalytelk, ii. 66.
Mihel, iv. 185.
Migana, i. ii. 328.
Miklolvar, ii. 84.
Mikover, ii. 83.
Milagro, ii. 314.
Milanefe, iii. 46.
Milan, iii.
43, 46.
Milazzo, iii. 213.
Milone port, iii. 272.
Mildenhall, iii. 641,
Mildftad, i. 157.
Milenbach, ii.
^^.
Milfordliaven, iii.
407.
Millerin, iv, 83.
Milieu, ii. 608.
Militocn, vi. 587, 58S.
Miliares, r. ii.
297.
Millarey, ii. 542.
Millas, r. ii. 197.
ii. 487.
Millan, iii.
499.
Miliitello, iii. 213, 214.
Millores, ii. 29S.
Milliaciaro, iii. 113.
5C
Milly, iii. 39/5.
Milo. ii. 152.
MiUladt, iv. 203.
Militcde, !.
137.
Miltenberg, iv. 528.
Milton, iii. 209.
Milrebcrg, v. 21.
Mindelheim, v 271.
Minden, iv. 348, '^^o.
Mindefzent, ii. 66.
Minehcad, iii. 269.
Minfeki, v. ^2.
Min.ho, r. ii. 244.
Minorca, ii. 32S.
Minori, iii. 196.
Minorita, ii. 323.
Minucciano, iii. 1 16.
Minflv, i. 622.
Minfter, v. 384.
Mioglia, iii. 76,
Miofen, i. 188.
Mir, i. 621.
Mira, i. 226. ii. 204.
Mirabella, ii. 1^7.
Miranda, ii. 313.
do Corvo, ii. 204,
de Douro, ii.
99.
de Ebio, ii. 31 1,
Mirande, ii. 505.
Mirandella, ii. 198.
Mirandola, iii. 64.
Mirebalais, ii. 514.
Miiebeau, ii. ^s,6.
Mirecourt, ii. 582.
Mirepoix, ii. 471.
Mirgorod^ i. 464.
Miro, vi. 390.
Mirolin, iv. 86.
Milax, iii. y66.
Mifenum, iii. 191;
Mifliolz, ii. 64.
Mifilmeri, iii. 217.
Mifitra, ii. 145.
Mifke, ii. 68.
Milter blunco, iii. 214,'
Mifticbach, iv. 174.
Miftrella. iii. 213.
Mitau, i, 664.
Mitro-

Mitrowitz, ii. 91.
Mittecyda, v. 592.
Mittclbuchen, v. 104.
Mitielweyer, ii, 603.
Mictenwalde, v. Sy^,
Mitterborg, iv. 219.
Mitterfil, v. 36.
Mitweyda, v. 592.
Miza, iv. 87.
Mlawa, i. 587.
Mocaftorna, iii. 50.
Moclbnok, ii. 24.
Modana, iii. 23.
Modbury, iii. 259,
Modena, iii. 61.
Modira, iii. 215.
Modon, ii. 146.
Modra, ii. 19.
Modrus, ii. gy.
Modre Velle, i. 226.
Modugno, iii. 204.
Modurn, i. 1S5.
Moen, i. 112.
Moens, ii. 207.
Moerchfte, iii. 506.
Moefe, i. 120.
Moffet, iii. 419.
Mogneigns, ii. 431.
Mogofores, ii. 205,
Mogller, i. 197.
Moguer, ii. 282.
Mohatz, ii.
49.
Mohclmice, iv. 104.
Mohil, iii. 443.
Mo'iolow, i. 623.
Mohrin, vi. 11.
Mohrkirchen, i. 160.
Moienra daBcira, ii. 208.
Moienwic, ii. /84.
Pvioirene, iii. 443.
Moifoiirg, vi. 28.
f/Ioiflac, ii. 497.
Mokern, vi. 188.
Mola, ii. 327, iii. 195. 204.
Molby, r. i. 276.
Moklau, r. iv. 84.
iSIoldavia, ii. 165.
MoL^etu, iii. 205.
358.
INDEX.
Molingar, iii.
439.
Monmouthlhire, iii.
Molife, iii. 206.
Monnheim, v. 360.
Monmoinh, iii. 459.
Moliterno, iii.
199.
Monnikendam, iii. 508.
Molk, iv. 170.
Monois, i.
^^g.
Mologa, i.
445.
Monopol!, iii. 204,
Müllen, vi. 180, 441. Monorvino, iii. 205.
Mols, i. T32.
Monoftor, ii.
ß^.
Moliepy, v. 355.
Mons, iv. 304.
Molwitz, vi. 542.
Monfanto, ii. 211,
Molzheim, ii. 598.
Monfelier, iii. 85.
Momil, h. ii. 176.
Mon-fenis, iii. 324.
Monaco, iii. 66y.
Monftcr, i.
197.
Monaghan, ii. 440».
Monfticr, iii. 22.
Monaltcr, i. 610,
Montabaur, iv. gßC.
Monblanc, ii. 322. Mont Alphonfo, iii. 63..
Moncada, ii. 324.
Alto, iii. 151.
Monfao, ii. 133.
Bertoud, ii. 431.
Mon^aras, ii. 217.
Daiiphrin, ii. 438.
Monchique, ii. 233,
Dieu, ii. 419.
Moncontour, ii. 514-20. Doubleau, ii.
ß^S-
Moncornet, ii. 398..
Cenis, ii. 426.
Moncuco, ii.
497.
Colo, iii. 154.
Monda, ii. 294.
I'Eveque, ii. 285.
Mondego, r. ii. 205^
Giardino, iii. 151.
Mondidier, ii.
399.
Idubeda, ii. 244.
Mondim, ii. 208.
Louis, Ii. 488, 562.
Mondonedo, ii. 266.
Luel, li. 428.
Mondovi, iii. 30.
Marfan, ii. 501.
Mondragon, ii. 272..
d'Or, ii. 551.
Mone, ii,
sjy.
Orgueilj iii. 289.
Moneada, ii. 299»
Orofpeda, ii. 244^
Moneglia, ii. 104.
Real, ii. 316.
Moneira, ii. 491.
Reale, iii. 217.
Moneta, iii. 66.
Regeau, ii. 506.
Monetier, ii. 438.
Roi, ii. 316.
Monflanquin, ii. 496.
St. Michel, ii. 532.
Monforte, ii. 227.
Serrar, ii-. 323.
de Lemos, ii. 267.
Trefor, ii. 562.
de Rio Livre, ii. 198. Valerien, ii. 382.
Mongia, ii. 265.
Montagnana, iii. 85.
Mongiardia, iii. 164,. Montagne la, ii. 423-
Mongilcar, ii. 469.
Montago, h. ii. 176.
Monhelm, iv. 408;
Montaign, ii. « 15.
Monheurt, ii. 496.
Monrake, iii. 1 ^6,
Moniftrol, ii. 483.
Montalvan, ii. 316.
Monjoy, iv. 405.
Montalvao, ii. 229.
Monmorot, ii. 609.
Montargil, ii. 22z.
Monta.'-gis, ii. 542.
Mon.

Montauban, il. 439. 98.
Muntauficr, ii. 508.
Montaut, ii. 484.
Moritbard, ii. 424.
Montbrifon, ii. 549.
Montbriin, ii. 510.
Montbuzon, ii. ß6^.
Montcailier, iii. 29.
Mont d'or, ii. 551.
Montdoubleau, iii. ß^6.
Monte Abbate, iii. 146.
Aguda, ii. 310.
Agudo, ii. 296.
Albano, iii. 199. 2 13
Alcino, iii. 131.
Alegre, ii. 201.
Alto, iii. 109.
Alvenno, iii. 126.
Aperte, iii. 216.
Argentaro, iii. 132.
Argentorato, ii. 121.
Baldo, iii. 86.
Barotio, iii. 146.
Eello, iii. 89.
CafTino, iii. 694.
Cerboli, iii. 1 18.
Chiaro, iii. 90. 216.
Chrifto, iii. 131.
Corvino, iii. 196.
Falcone, iii. 206.
Fiafcone, iii. 157.
Filippo, iii. 132.
Forte, iii. 87. 213.
Fufcalo, iii.
197.
Galda, iii. 89.
Giordano, iii.
199.
Giuliano, iii. 118.
della Guardia, iii. 141.
Leone, iii. 200.
Longe, ii. 192.
Magiore, iii. 217,
Marano, iii. 197,
Muro, iii. 199.
Oliveto, iii. 131,
Pelegrino, iii. 217.
Pelolo, iii. 198.
Pulciano, iii. 131.
Reale, iii. 208. 217.
Rey, ii. 267.
INDEX.
Monte Romano, iii. 158.
Rod, ibid.
Rüflb, iii. 104.
Rotondo, iii. 155.
Santo, ii. 136.
S. Angelo, iii. 2c6.
Sardico, iii. 197.
Summano, iii. 89.
Vago, iii. 216.
Verde, iii. 198.
Virginio, iii. 159.
Montech, ii, 469.
Montecchio Maggiore,
iii.
8g.
Montegu, 11. 55^.-
Monteith, iii. 426.
Montella, iii. 197.
Montelimart, ii. 442.
Montelinor a Novo, ii. 224.
a Valho, ii. 205.
Montenaich, iii. 684.
Monterau, ii. 395. 418.
Montefa, ii. 298.
Montefquion, ii. 471.
Montes Rhipas, vi. 471.
Sarmatici, ibid.
Montet aux Moines, ii.
547.
Montey, iii. 800.
Muntfalcone, ii. 483. iii.
^^.
Muntfaucon, ii. 415.
Montfavrey, ii.
437.
Montferat, iii.
^y.
Muntferrand, ii.
ßß2.
Montfleur, ii. 609.
Montfoort, iii. 527.
Monttbrt, ii. ß^g.
Vamori, ii. 390.
la Cane, ii. 520.
Montfault, ii.
547.
Montgomery, iii. 411.
(hire, ibid.
Monthuelin, ii. 403.
MontidellaChimera, ii. 140.
Monticello, iii. 59. 194.
Monriel, ii. 301.
Montiers, ii. 455. iii. 131.
Montigny, ii.
ßyß.
le Roi, ii. 416.
Montijo, ii.
279.
Montils, ii. 542.
Montjoy, iii. 442.
Montivilliers, ii.
534,
Montlehery, ii.
393.
Monlieu, ii. 431.
Muntlufon, ii.
547.
Montmedy, ii.
577.
Montmelian, iii. 22.
Montmeraut, ii.
547.
Montmerle, ii. 431.
Montmirail, ii. 419. 541.
Montmorency, ii. 384.
Montmorillon, ii. 514.
Montodine, iii. 91.
Montoire, ii. 541,
Montoito, ii. 224.
Montpellier, ii. 475.
Montpenfier, ii.
ßß2-
Montperat, ii. 455. i^y. 506.
Montredon, ii. 470.
Montreveau, ii.
ß6ß.
Montrevel, ii. 428.
Montreuil, ii. 401. iv. 554.
Belay, ii. ß66.
Montrond, ii.
559.
Montrofar, ii. 432.
Montrofe, iii. 427.
Montrouillon, ii.
545.
Montfalvi, ii. 552.
Montfereau, ii.
ß6ß.
Montforrel, iii.
309.
Montuel, ii. 428.
Montzingen, v, 29.
Monvafjo, iii. ^6.
Monza, iii. 48.
Monzambano, iii. 87.
Monzouth, vi. 76.
Monzon, ii. 318.
Moon, i. 435.
Moos, i. 190.
Moozing, v. 317.
Moran, ii. 18. 21. 229. ^oi.
iii. 27.
Morafla, i. ii. 326.
Moraft, i.
295.
Mora-ftein, i.
317,
Morat, iii.
734.
Moraria,

.
Moravia, iv. 89.
Morbien, ii. 521.
Morcc'lla, iii. 192.
Morchingen, ii. 5Ü5. v. 127.
Morcone, iii. 206.
Morea, ii. 144.
Moreira, ii. 209.
de Rey, ii. 192.
Morella.s, vi. 300.
Moiet, ii.
395.
Moretonheiimarfh, iii.
355.
Moretta, iii. 30.
Morgarten, iii. 657.
'Moriana, iii. 113.
Moringen, ii. 320. v. 263.
Morlachia, ii. 96.
Morlaix, ii. 521.
Morias, ii. 49 r.
Mormanno, iii. 199.
Mornas, ii. 461.
Moron, ii. 289.
Morpeth, iii.
i()^.
Morraffa, ii. 32S.
Morrea, iii. 207.
Morriflv, iii. 443.
Mors, i. 12?.
Morfperg, ii. 605.
Mortagne, ii. 37. 69. 508.
Morcagoa, ii. 207.
Mortaigne, ii. 515.
Mortain, ii. 432.
Mortaire, ii. 574.
Mortara, iii.
39.
Morcemar, ii. 514.
Morcero, ii. 103.
Morter, ii. 604.
Morclake, iii. 323.
Morvant, ii. 545.
Morviedro, ii.
^i'^r.
ii. 297.
Morzweiler, ii. 601. 5.
Mos, i. 190.
Moibacb, IV. 582. V. 94.
353- •
Mofchetnze, iv. 220.
Molchitz, vi. 154.
Mofchotz, ii. 29.
M'jfcow, i. 432.
INDEX.
Mofel, r. ii. 574.
Moflcoe, i. i. 205.
Moflcenans, ibid.
Mofl'ao, ii. 208.
Modig, r. ii,
593.
Moft, i. iv. 89.
Moftar, ii. 165.
Mofteiro, ii. 211.
Mofter, i. 197.
Moftkirch, v. 261.
Motoia, r, i. 274.
Motrico, ii. 271.
iii. 204.
Motril, ii. 294.
Motta, iii. 92.
de Formi, iii. 2 13.
S. Gio, iii. 201.
Motte ]a, ii. 587.
Motten, r. ii.
593.
Mottling, iv. 216.
Mouchi, ii. 3S6.
Mouda, ii. 294.
Moulins, ii. 546.
Engilbert, ii.
545.
Moulon, r. ii. 558.
Mount Ephraim, iii. 314.
Sion, iii. 3 14.
Mountfbay, iii. 256.
Moura, ii. 225.
Mourane, iii. 441.
Moiirao, ii. 228.
Moure, ii. 196.
Moiirne, iii. 441.
Moufa, iii. 48.
Mouta, ii, 222.
Mouticrs, ii. 455.
Moya, ii, 302.
M-'ycafnel, iii.
439.
Moyculien, iii.
4^3.
Moydoe, iii.
439.
Moyra, iii. 440.
Moygoifli, iii. 439.
Moyrgalion, iii. 438.
Moyi'arta, iii. 444.
Moyfenragh, iii. 438.
Moz, ii. 199.
Mozyc, i. 622.
MiciQaw, i. 623,
Mfenfli, i. 465.
Mßenow, Iv, 73.
Mfla, i. 41 1.
Mftiflaw, i.
457.
Mftow, i. 598.
Muchelin, vi. 555.
Muchenfberndorf, v. 617.
Miicidan, ii.
495.
Muckenfturm, v. 273..
Mucia, ii. 316.
Mugelor, v. 596.
Mugem, ii. 222.
Muglia, iii. t^^.
Miigron, ii. 501.
Muhlberg, iv. c,'}^^^, v. 580.
Muhlburg, v. 22 i.
Miihlenbach, iii. 802. iv. 82.
vi. 459.
Muhlhof, V. 614.
Muiden, iii. 496.
Muhlhum, V. 224.
Mulas, ii. 296.
Mulda, r. iv. 84.
Mull, iii.
435.
Mull of Galloway, iii. 419.
Mullenbach, ii. 85.
Mullis, iii. 672.
Mulrofe, v. 672.
Mumpergara, vi.
Munchberg, v. 424.
Munchclberg, v. 672.
Munchen-ftein, iii. 674.
Munchrode, vi. 40.
Munchfroth, v. 237.
Munch weycr, ii. 603.
Munde, i. 636.
Münder, vi. 294. 318.
Mungrallot, iii. 2 14.
Munich, V. 329.
Munkats, ii. 6j
Munkatworna, i. 226.
Munkbrarup, i. 193.
Munkliolm, i. 203.
Munkfee, 444.
Munneratad, iv. 404. 455.
Munfingen, v. 107.
Munfter, ii. 602. iii. 647.
795. iv. 319. ^22.
Munllcrberg, vi. 580. 587.
"Munfter-

Munfterdorf, vi, 417.
Munfterhof, ii.
59.
Munzach, iii. 678.
Munzch vi. 304.
Munzenberg, v. 108, 113.
Munzfelden, v. 143.
Mur de Barez, ii. 498.
Miirano, iii. S3.
Muriano, iii. 49.
Murany, ii. 6^.
Murae Srombuth, ii. 52.
Murac, ii. 552.
Murbach, ii. 602.
Murga de Panoya, ii. 198.
Murhard, v. 201.
Muraa, ii. 295.
Muret, ii. 506.
Muri, iii.
729.
Murnau, v. 336.
Muro, iii. 19B.
Murom, i.
457.
Muros, i. 265.
Murray, iii. 42 S.
Murfchontz, vi. 41.
Mufasi, ii. 67.
Mufciano, iii. 156.
Mufkery, iii. 445.
MufTelbourgh, iii. 417.
Muls, ii. 588.
Muftapha - Bafcha- Palanka,
ii. 126.
Bafclia Kiupri, ii. 129.
Muftela, i. 370.
Muluela, ii. 291.
Mufumelli, iii. 216.
Mucfchen, v. 590.
Mutzigj ii. 598.
Muxacra, v. 295.
Muxagala, ii. 209.
Mycene, ii. 145.
Myconei, ii. 151.
Mygennas, i. i, 214.
My laus, v. 613.
Mylendonk, iv. 504.
Mylo, ii. J52.
Mylopotamo, ii. 1 §6,
Myra, in Jutland, i. 230.
in Sweden, i. 324.
Vot. VI.
INDEX.
Myfc, i. 621.
Myvatu, i. i, 227.
N.
Naarden, iii. ggö.
Naas, iii.
437, 8.
Nabburg, v. 392.
Nachrallel, iii. 423.
Nadin. ii.-98.
Nadymflcoi, i. 511.
Nafflbes, iii. 672^
Nalwegwarn, i. 320.
Nsgi Szalatna, ii. 31.
Nagi Tapolcsan, ii. 24.
Nagold, V. 200.
Nagornoi, i. 456.
Nagofa, ii. 208.
Nagy Banyas, ii. 6g.
Hont, ii.
35.
Ida, ii. 62.
Karoly, ii. 69.
Levard, ii. 22.
M.agyar, ii. 21.
Mihalyir, ii. 60.
Orofgy, ii. 38.
SarJo, ii. 34.
Sing, ii. 85.
Szaloe, ii. 58.
Szolos, ii. 67.
Nahar, i. 470.
Najac, ii.
499.
Najara, i. 311.
Nairne, iii. 429.
Naklo, i. 591.
Nalatz, ii. 83.
Namphio, i. li. 157.
Namptvyichs, iii. 383.
Namllau, vi. 539.
Namur, iv. 307.
Nanas, ii. 69.
Nandclftath, v. 346.
Nancy, ii. 581.
N ander Fejervar, ii. 122.
Nant, ii.
499.
Nantes, ii. ^18.
Nanteuil, ii. 386.
Nantua, ii. 429.
Naples kingdom of, ii.
177,
City. iii. 1S3.
5D
Napola di komanü, ii. 146.
Napoule, ii.
454.
Naranna, ii. 87,
Narronne, ii.
473,
Narcy, r. ii.
543.
Nardo, iii. 203.
Narenta, ii. loi.
Narni, iii. 154.
Narva, i. 427.
Narym, i. 513.
Nas, i. 213. 293.
Nasja, i. 414.
Naikow, i. 120.
NalV, iii. 213.
Naflaw, V. 85, Sg.
Dietz, V. 88^
Naifienfcbz, v. 435.
Naffitz, ii. 90.
Natangen, ii.
549.
Natas, iii. yc)y.
Navan, iii. 438.
Navarin, ii. 146.
Navarra, ii. 312.
Navarre, ii. 312, 4SS.
Navarreins, ii. 490.
Navarrette, ibid.
Navern, r. 131. 431.
Navau, iii. 138.
Naven, v. 659.
Navenhof, v. ^Sg.
Nauheim, v. 106.
Navia, ii. 209.
Naumburg, iv. 53. v. Si,
622-3.
am Qiieis, vi. ^ß8, S j.
Naumo, i. 204.
Naxia, i. ii. J54.
Nay, i. 6g.
Neach, iii. 409.
Nebio, iii. 112.
Neboufan, ii. 505.
Neb oyz2 1. 2:
Nebra, v. ßß6.
Nebrio, ii. 158,
Neckar-Gemund, iv. 581.
Neckariulm, v. 453.
Nederby, i.
359.
Ncdredel, i. 365.
Needham»

'
Glafgow,
Nccdham, iii.
230.
Negluia, i. 45.;.
Negrepelifs, 498'.
Negrepont, ii. 149.
Ntheim, iv. 57.
IS'ehrea, ii.
ßy.
Neidenburg, i. 554.
Nciding, v. 263.
Neifferen's, ii. 601.
Neiva, i. 472.
Neiwinns Koi, i. 402.
Nemea?, ii. 145.
Nemtro, vi. ^ijo.
Nemes, ii. 166.
Nemeflcofz-tolany, ii. 34.
Nemctly, ii.
35.
Nemeti, ii. 82.
Nemet Gurab, ii. 20.
Prona, ii. 24.
Nemis, ii. 171.
Nendorf, iv. 479.
Nenfinger, v. 444.
Nepomucic, iv. SÜ.
Nerae, ii. 501.
Nercliair, v. 5S9.
Nereflieim, v. 260,
Nerften, i. 665.
Ntrike, i. 323.
Neris, ii.
547.
Nerre, r. ii. 358.
Nertfchnifk, i. ^2*.
Aervi, 111. 103.
Nefelin, i. 461.
Neilus, r. ii. 128.
Neihved, i. no.
Netiierlands united, iii. 449.
Netolie, iv. 86.
Nettuno, iii. 170.
Nebrichkau, v. 613.
Neu-Biafchof, iv. 74.
Ncu-Byftrice, iv. 83.
Neubourg, ii. 528.
Neubiuck, iv 340.
Neuburg, iv. 182, 247. v.
— Vor dem waid, v. 353.
Neucbateau, iv, 286.
Neudorf, p. 603.
Neuenar, iv. 406.
INDEX.
Neuenburg, i. 165. v. 193.
Ncuenftadt, iii. 815.
Neuenflein, v. 484.
Neuenwakie, ii. 234.
Ncvero, ii. 546.
Neiifchateau, 582.
Neufchatel, ii. 526. ii. 803.
Neuffen, v. 892.
NeufmarcheenLion3,ii,52 8.
Neufoi, ii. 562.
Neuzarleu, vi. 56.
Neugut, i. 664.
Neutana, v. 354. 395.
Neuhauic, i. 547, iv. 82.
Neuhaufen, i. 667, v. 8.
Neuhauzjvi. 226, 345, 442.
Neuhoff, i. 551. v. 21. 428.
Neu Hcrrenhuth, i. 245.
Neukaklen, v. 38 2.
Neukirch, iii. 694, vi. 599.
Neukirche, v. 353. vi. 223.
Neucloller, v. 391.
Neumark, v, 319. vi. 88.
Neumarkt, ii. 193. v. 242.
355-
Neumunfter, vi. 412-.
Neunkirchen, v. 394.
Neupaka, iv. 174.
Neupalauka, ii. 72,
Neupeurn, v. 338.
Neufabra, v. 578.
Neutafter, iii. 572.
Neuichdofz, vi. 589.
Neufazuiwar, ii. 51..
Neufidel, ii. 46.
Neuftel, ii. 30.
Neuftadt, i. 603, iv. 165.
502. V. 204. vi. 167, 180,
361. 412. 576.594. 605.
615. 679.
—— Am Calmen, v. 425.
Eberfwalde, v. 470.
Neuftopow, iv. 83.
Neutuch, 650.
Neuveville, iii. 815.
Neuweiler, ii. 600.
Newa, i. 428.
Newark, iii.
375.
Nev/borough, iii. 414.
Neuwburg, iii. 422.
Neuv/bury, iii. 292.
Newcaitle, iii. -96. iii. 436.
Under Lin.-., iii. 378.
Newel, i. 623.
Newhaven, ui. 302^
Newin, iii. 413.
Newington, 323.
Newka, ii. 428.
Newmarket, iii,
329,
Newnham, iii.
^ßy.
Newport, iii. 258, 287, 398.
381,408.
iii. 421.
Fagnel, iii. 348.
Newry, iii. 441.
Newton, iii. 287. 405.
Newton Bufliel, iii. 259.
Newtown, iii. 441.
New-Weod, iv. 430..
Nexoe, i. 113.
Neyarm, iv. 87,
Neyland, iii. 328.
Neylau, v. 422.
Neyfzer, vi. 553^
Niarg, i. 358.
Nibe, i. 128,
Nibian, iii.
59.
Niblaa, i. 140.
Nibro, r. i. 275.
Nicallro, iii. 700;
Nice, iii. ^5-
Nicholait,. i. 625.
Nicola^ iii. 66.
Nicolayheu, i. 564.
Nicopoli, ii. 127.
Nicofia, iii. 214.
Nicotera, iii. 207-
Nid, i. 190.
Nidaa, iii. 625.
Nideken, iv. 405.
Nidenas, i. 193.
Niding, iv. 405.
Nidifdale, iii. 419^
Nie, i. 155.
Nieblos, ii. 282.
Niebol, I. 159.
Nietkn-

'
1^
le
NicdenRein, i. ßo.
Niederborde, vi. 360.
Niederbrun, ii. 600.
Niellea, ii. 405.
Nienburg, iv, 181. vi. 107.
Nienkirken, i. 155, ii. 568,
Nienover, vi. 326.
Nienrade, iv. 381.
Niemehi, v. 517.
Niepoz, r. i. 418, 569.
Nielwiez, i. 616-21.
Nicozawa, i.
ßg^.
Nieule, ii. 405,
Nieuport, iv. 302.
Nieultadt, iü. 568.
Nieuvliet, iii. 570.
Nieuupooft, iii. 496.
NieuwerHuis, iii. 486.
Niim, i. 138.
Niklafberg, iv. 91.
Nikolflvaja, i. 419.
Nimguen, iii.
472, 472.
Nimes, ii.
477.
Nitnptich, vi. 544.
Nineve, iv. 295.
Ning, i. 122.
Nio, iii. 154.
Niolo, iii. 112.
Nious, ii.
439.
Niort, ii. 513.
Nirnberg, v. 94.
Nii'chnci Novogrod, i. 456.
Nifchurlagifkoi, i. 502.
Niffda, I. iii. 191.
Nilbs, ii. 506.
Nifpen, iii. 561.
Niffa, r. i. 270.
Nifla, ii. 124.
della paglia, iii. 38.
Nitfa, r. ii. 22.
Nirterau, v. ^ß^'
Nita, i. 365.
Nivelle, iv. 271.
Nivernois, ii.
543.
Nivza, ii. 228.
Noaix, r. ii.
543.
Nocera, iii. 196. 200.
Nogaro, ii. 504.
INDEX.
Nogent fur Seine, ii. 411.
418.
Leach, iii,
^ß^.
Vizr, iii. 425.
Waltham. iii. 326.
Northampton, iii. 366.
Northorn, iv. 459.
Northumberland, iii.
396.
Northwick, iii. 384.
Norvenie, iv. 404.
Norwang, i. 137.
Norway, i. 171.
Norwich, iii.
335.
Nofenftadt, ii. 85.
Nüfia Senhora de cuja, ii.
Nortli, iii. 432,
roi, ii. 540.
le rotrou, ii.
537.
Nogueira, ii, 193, 207.
Noguera PuUerica, ii.
319,
Nohra, vi. 169.
Noia, iii. 199. 203.
Noirau, r. li.
532,
Noiurmoutier, li. 516.
Nola, iii. 193.
Noli, iii. 105.
Nolfve, I. i. 214.
Nomao, ii. 209.
Nomeni, ii. 583.
232.
Noineny, v. 83.
de Luz, ibid.
Nonancourt, ii.
589.
Noftar, r. ii. 90.
Nonafpe, ii. 316.
Nonfberg, iv, 253.
Nonza, iii. 112.
Noor, i. 315.
Norberg, i. 316.
Norag, iii. 427.
Nordbye, i. 105.
Norden, iv. 420.
Nordenburg, i.
551.
Nordefte, ii. 236.
Nordfiord, i. 199.
Nordhaufen, vi. 460.
Nordheim, v. 317.
Nordhord, i. 196.
Nordkap, i. 287.
Noville, iii. 637.
Nordland, i. 204, 330.
Nordmandel, i. 13.
Nordmor, i. 201.
Nord roe, i. 213.
Norfolk, iii.
333.
Norkioping, i. 275.
Norling, i. 129.
Norma, iii. 172.
Normandy, ii. 523.
Upper, ii. 525.
Lower, ii. 530.
Norndorf, v. 275.
Norrefletring, i. 118.
Nortelge, i. 314.
Northaiber, v. 396.
Noto, iii. 215.
Notre dame de kits, ii.
439.
des vertus, ii. 381.
Nottinghamfhire, iii.
375.
Novale, iii. 92.
Novalefe, iii. 21. 91.
Novantola, iii. 6^.
Novara, iii.
39.
Noudar, ii. 129.
Novellara, iii. 6^.
Nouli, ii. 94. iii. 105.
Novibuzar, iii. 124.
Novigrad, ii.
94.
Novillara, iii. 146.
Noufis, i. 365.
Nouvelle Eglife, ii. 405.
Nowa Dwinka, i. 448.
Nowaia Laedogi, i.
444.
Nowogorod Sewerflii, i.461.
Nowochoperflcaja, i. 466.
Nowogrod, i. 443.
Nowogrodeke, i. 621.
Nowoje Uflbje, i. 449.
Nowouflblje, i. 483.
Noya, ii. 265.
Noyers, ii. 424, 561.
Noyonnois, ii. 387.
Nozeroye, ii. 265.
Nozieux, ü. 542,
Nubel, t. 153.
Nitius,

Nnits, ii. 422.
Nummedal, i. 204^.
Nun Eaton, iii. 364.
Nunnenweyer, ii. 603.
Niiovo del Monte, iii. 64.
Nur, i. 596.
•
Nura, r. iii. ^6.
Nuremberg, v. 518.
Nürtingen, v. 190,
Nulca, iii. 197.
Nuys, iv. 564.
Nuzellos, ii. 198,
Nya Elthytta, i. 295.
Nyolab, ii. 6y.
Nyborg,_ i. 114-15.
Nybro, i. 275.
Nyck, ii. 44.
Nykerke, i. 278.
Nyekiobing, in Seeland, i.
105.
Falfter, i. 122.
Jutland, i. 123,
Nykioping, i. 320.
Nyhnd, i. 370.
Nylodefe, i. 289.
Nymburg, iv. 72,
Nyminds Gab, i. 124.
Nymfenberg, v. 330.
Nyps, r. 124.
Nyfatra, i.
339.
Nyllot, i. 442.
Nyftadt, i. 121. 365.
Nyfund, i. 32?,
or
QAkham, iii. 368.
O-Barfch, ii. 34.
Obdorkoi, i. 511.
Obelifiis, iii. 433.
Oberborde, vi, 310,
Oberbrun, ii. 601.
dorf, V. 169.
kirch, V. I J.
kirchen, ii.
599.
land, i.
S53-
Lindau, li. 52.
Mundat, ii.
599.
Obcrnburg, v. 6g.
Obernhofen, v. 114.
I N D E X.
Obernkirchen, iv. 440.
Oberflein, v. 149.
Oberftenfeld, v. 191.
Obidos, ii. 318.
Obolenfk, i.
455.
Obra, i. 589.
Obrekheim, iv. 583.
Obroazzo, ii. 96.
Obftatt, V. II.
Oby, r. i. 471-
Ocanhas, ii. 208.
Ocanna, ii. 307.
Occa, r. i. 412.
Oche, h. ii. 149.
Ocliota, i. 522.
Ochotfli, ibid.
Ochrida, ii. 138.
Ochfenberg, i. 1 14,
Ochfenhaufen, v. 246.
Ochfenftein, ii. 60Q.
Ochta, r. i. 428.
Ockingham, iii. 292.
Oczakow, ii. 169.
Odds, i. 10/5.
Odemira, ii. 226.
Odenhach, iv. 33.
Odenheim, v. 26.
Odenfee, i. 116, 17.
Odepoa, i. 424.
Oder, r. iv. 9. vi. 516,
Oderberg, v. 671.
Odernheim, iv. 34.
Oderzo, iii. 92.
Oebsteld, vi. 184.
Oedenburg, ii. 44.
Oederan, v. 598.
Oediarn, i. 320.
Oe fiord, i. 226.
Ocfredel, i. 365.
Oegeftad, i. 193.
Oeland, i. 283.
Oellingen, v. 453.
Oels, vi. 543.
Celfea, vi. 550.
Oelfnitz, V. 61 T.
Oeinike, i. 85.
Oeraife, h. i. 216. 228.
Oerby, i. 318.
Oercbake, i. 228.
Oerebro, i.
323.
Oeregrund, i. 314.
Oereland, i. 202.
Ocrner, vi. 138.
Oers, ii. 65.
Oerum, i. 127.
Oefel, i. 425.
Oeflandt, i. 275.
Oefterdal, i. 189.
Ocfleroe, I. i. 213.
Oefthammar, i. 314.
Oeftrafysflet, i. 294.
Oeftrup, i. 105.
Oeta, h. ii. 142.
Oethingen, v. 233.
Oetting, V. 339.
Oeverberg, i. 191.
Oexarafe, i. 229.
Oexeraa, i. 228.
Ofenburg, ii. 82,
Cffenbach, v. 120.
Offenbanya, ii. 82.
OfFcnburg, v. 307.
Offendorf, ii. 600,
OfFerdal, i.
334.
Offingen, v. 359.
Ofquerque, ii. 405.
Ofwrum, i. 281.
Ogeu, ii. 491.
Ogiule Mari, ii. 154.
Ogiio, iii. 44. 51. 90.
Oguli, ii. 94.
Ogygia, i. 204.
Ohlau, vi. 543.
Ohim, iv. .525.
Ohne, iv. 450.
Ohrdorf, vi. 52.
Ohringen, v. 484.
Ohrnbau, v. 436.
Oieftad, i. 300.
Oifan, ii.
437.
Cife, F. ii.. ?i)6.
Oifemont, ii. 402.
Oitos, ii. S^,
Oka, i.
455.
Okeham, iii. ^^S.
Okehamptno, iii. 261.
Okernfec,

I N D E X.
Okernfee, i. Zf)!;.
Okunewfi^oi, i.
505,
Olafsvvyk, i. 230.
Olanda, i. 613.
01 argues, I'i. -^74.
Oldenburg, i. 320.
üldendorf, vi. 440. 473.
vi. 3-
...
Oldenfaal, iii.
545.
Oldenfwort, i. 158.
Olderfhaufen, vi. 329.
Oldefloe, vi. 405.
Oldiflcben, vi. 29.
Oleema, r. i-.
474.
Olegio, iii.
39.
Cl^iros, ii. 229.
Olekminfkoi, i. 5?2.
Oleron, ii. 491.
1, ii. 511.
Glefl

Orfowa, ii. 164.
Orfza, i. 623.
Orta, iii. 39. 157.
Ortakoi, ii. 133.
Ortale, iii. 112.
Ortegal, ii. 266.
Orteliburg, i. 553.
Ortenau. iv. 250.
Orcenberg, v. 166.
burg, V. 276.
Ortenftein, iii.
773.
Orcez, ii. 490.
Ortibano, iii. 113.
Orto, iii. 112.
Orton, iii. 401.
Ortona, iii. 207.
Ortopala, ii.. 96.
Ortrand, v. 579.
Orvielo, iii. 152.
Orzi IS'uovi, iii. 90.
Os, iii. 557.
Olchatz, V. 581.
Oicherfl^ben, vi. s'^g.
Ol'ey, iii. 324.
Ofgyan, ji. 37.
Ofinio, iii. 148.
Ofkoli, i. 465.
Ofmanftet, ii. 30.
Ofma, ii. 310.
OlFa, i. 481. iii. 444-
Oflau,
ii..49i.
OfTera, ii. 102, 318.
Oflbnaba, ii. 233.
Offory, iii. 438.
Offuna, ii. 289.
Ollabarct, ii. 489.
Oftalric, ii. 324.
Ollen, vi. 229.
Oftend, iv. 301.
Oder, i. 463.
Ofterburg, v. 643.
Ollerby, i. 141.
O.terdal, i. 355-
Oflerfeld, v. 324.
Ollerhofen, v. 345.
Ofterode, vi. 174, i77-
Ofterrodc, i. 554.
Ofterwald, vi. 301, 3i(x
INDEX.
Oudon, r. ii. 524,"
Ofterwiik, vi. 365.
Oudeweilefj iii. 496.
Ofterwyk, iii.
^25-
Oue, r. 268.
Oftheim vor der Rhone, v.
467-
Oftia, iii. 170.
Oftiglia, iii. 54.
Oftrevand, ii. 570.
Oftricone, iii. 112.
Oftringen, iv. 510.
Oftrog, i. 613.
Oftrongofchk, i. 466.
Oftrokol, i. ß6'^.
Oftroleka, i. 596.
Oftrow, ibid.
Oftrowitz, ii.
97.
Oftrowfk, ii. 30.
Oftuni, iii. 203.
Ofweftry, iii. 381.
Ofwihim, i. 602.
Ofzio, vi. 564.
Ofzlan, ii. 32.
Ofzmidana, i. 618.
Ofzmund, vi. 196,
Otricolo, iii. 154.
Otfchowa, ii. 31.
Ottenby, i. 284.
Ottenfen, vi. 422,423, 424.
Ottenfund, i. 128.
Otteraac, i. 194.
Ottcrberg, iv. 585.
Otterndorf, vi. 44.
Otteroe, i. 194.
Ottley, iii. 381,
Ottmarfen, ii. 605.
Ottmafheim, v. 458.
Ottobeuren, v. 309.
Otton, iii. 104.
Ottofchatz, ii.
97.
Ottweilen, v. 96.
O Tura, ii. 25.
Ovada, iii. 105.
Ovar, ii. 206.
Ouche, li. 527.
r. ii. 420.
Oucze, i. 610.
Oudal, i. 189.
Pad4ala, iiL 197.
Oudenarde, iv. 295.
Ovelha, ii. 192.
Ouverhalden, i. 21 r.
Over YfTel, iii. 540.
Ougnon, r. ii. 607.
Ouguclia, ii. 328.
Ovids tower, ii. 133,
Oviedo, ii. 268.
Oulney, iii. 348.
Oulx, ii. 438, iii.
34,
Oundle, iii.
367.
Ovoa, ii. 207.
Ouer, r. ii. 221.
Ourem, iv. 287,
Ourique, ii. 226.
Ouroux, ii.
545.
Oufterhout, iii. 561.
Outao, ii. 222.
Outeiro, ii. 200.
Outkerrie, iii. 432.
Owen, v. 201.
Owiken, i.
334.
Owney, iii.
444.
Ownyheg, iii.
445.
Owrniz, i. 612.
Oxdiupet, i. 314.
Oxford, iii. 350.
Oxoga, i. 324.
Oye, ii. 403.
Ozernoi, i. 479.
Ozfwiecim, i. 602.
P
Pachfa, I. ii. 160.
Pago de Soufa, ii. 194.
Paczow, iv. 82.
Padcn, i. 426.
Paderborn, iv. 314, 513
Paderna, ii. 196, 232.
Padington, iii. 323..
Padis, i. 426.
Fadroens, ii. 226.
Padron, iL 265.
Padftow, iii. 256.
Padua, iii. 83.
Paelfunder, L 314..
Paganica, iii. 208
Pagano,

Pagano, äi. 198.
Pagliano, iii. 172.
Pago, ii. 102.
Paguera. ii. 327.
Pa^mbeuf, ii. 519.
Painfwic, iii. ojgy.
Palnten, v. 361.
Paifley, iii. 420.
Pais reconquis, ii. 403.
Paiva, ii. 268.
Pakratz, ii.
49,
Paks, ii. 49.
Palanos, ii. 283.
Palagoma, iii« 214.
Pa^rs, ii. 522.
Palamos, ii. 324.
Palanka, ii.
43, 168.
Palanza, iii. 40.
Palafco, iii. 112.
Palaftraw, ii. 50.
Palazuolo, iii. 90,
Palazzo, iii. 27.
di The. iii.
54,
Palazzolo, ii. 215.
Palgano, iii. 147.
Pallama, i. 368.
Paldykirch, iii. 427.
Palencia, ii. 275.
Paleo Caftriza, ii. 161.
Palermo, iii. 216.
Paleftrina, iii. 172.
Paliano,
ibid.
Palice la, ii.
547.
Palinura, iii. 199.
Pallina, ii. 140.
Palma, ii. 326. iii. 201. 216.
Nova, iii.
^^.
Palmaria, iii. 104.
Palmeira, ii. 195.
Palmniken, i.
544.
Palo, iii. 204.
Palombara, iii. 155.
Paiong, ii. 290.
Palos, ii. 282, 296.
Palola, ii.
53.
Palotz, ii. 61.
Palfignano, iii. 152,
Paifundj i. 3,14.
INDEX.
Paltena, iii. 88.
Parkara, ii, 46S.
Paluau, ii. 562.
Parkftein, v. 368,
Palud, ii.
455.
Parma, iii,
55, 57.
Paiudi Pontine, iii. 170. ParnfTus, ii, 142,
Pomiers, ii. 484.
Paros, I. ii,
153.
Pampluna, ii. 313.
Parfberg, v. 361.
Panari, iii. 218.
Parfenew, i, 450.
Panaro, r. iii. 61.
Partcnay, ii. 515,
Pandiir, iii. 43.
Pas, ii, 407, vi. 84.
Pangaus, h. ii. 128. Palma, ii. 102.
Panico, iii, 141.
Paflage, ii. 272.
Paiiillenfe, ii. 526.
Paflarge r. i.
529.
Paniowce i, 610.
PafTaro, iii. 215, v. 368-9.'
Panix, iii. 763.
Paflarovvitz, ii. 123.
Pannoyas, ii. 226.
Paflävanr, ii. ß6ß.
Panoimfkoi, i. 448.
Paflenheim, i.
554.
Panorroyao, ii. 200.
Pafib, ii. 208.
Pantaiew, ii. 328.
Paftrana, ii. 307,
Pantenor, ii.
544.
Paftrovichio, ii. 102.
Parnowa, ii.
y^.
Pafzberg, iv. 220.
Papa, ii.
53.
Pazto, ii. 6ß.
Strowza, iii. 432. Patay, ii. 541.
Weftra, ibid,
Paterno, iii. 214.
Papenteich, vi. 261.
Pathay, ii. 42.
Papey, i. 228.
Patras, ii. 145.
Pappenheim, vi. 4S6. Patrimonio, iii. 1 12,
Papobz, ii. 84.
Patrington, iii. 389,
Parabita, iii. 203.
Pattenlen, vi. 295h
Parada de Bouro, ii. 192, Patti, iii, 213.
de Efther, ii. 208. Pau, ii, 213,
Paradella, ii. 209.
Pavefe, iii,
49.
Paradies, i. 544.
Pavia, ii. 224.
Parado do Bifpo, ii. 208. Pavilli, ii. 527.
Paradyz, i.
589.
Paula, iii. 200.
Paray le Moiniai, ii. 426. Paulinzeila, vi. 53, 125,
Parchim, vi^ 376.
Paulmy, ii. ß6^.
Parchwitz, vi. 564.
Pavolide, ii. 207,
Pardo le, ii.
303.
Paufa, V, 611.
Pardubice, iv. 77.
Pautfke, i, 6^6.
Pardvvz, ii, 84.
Pautlkerwie, 1, 636.
Parerotto, iii, 218.
Pawlowfk, i.
467.
Paredes, ii. 209.
Paymogo, ii. 281.
Parelia, iii. 27.
Peak, ill. 376.
Parenzo, iii.
94.
Peccais> ii.
479.
Parichia, ii.
153,
Pederneira» ii. 219,
Paris, ii. 363.
Pedra, ii. 527.
Parkaw, ii, 47. Pedrafa de la Sierra, jr. 408',
Pedraido,

Pcdraido, li. 193.
Pedialva, ii. 196.
Pcdrogno pequeno, ji, 229,
grandfj'ii. 210.
Peebles, iii. 410,
Peel, iii. 414.
Pecland, iii. ^§6.
Penemunder, vi. 80.
Pecften, i. 560.
Pegau, V. 593.
Pegna, cerrada, ii,
73,
Pegnaflor, ii. 282.
Pegnitz, V. 425.
Pegon, ii. 279.
Peguera, ii. 327:
Pejede, i. 369.
Peina, vi.. 429, 30.
Peipns, i.
4, 413.
Peire-hourade, ii. 502,
Peitto, V. 354.
Peitz, vi. 2ü.
Pelagifi, i. ii. 148.
Pelagnifi, I. ii. 148.
Peldojerf, i. 360.
Pele, ii. 220.
Pelhrzimow, iv. 82,
Pelife, r. iii. 31.
Pelfotz, ii. 31.
Pelworm, i. 157.
Pelytn, i. 510.
Pembridge, iii. 360.
Pembroke, iii. 407.
Pemfey, iii. 302.
Pena Cova, ii. 204.
Garcias, ii. 212.
Penaficl, de Soufa, ii. 194.
Penaguia, ibid.
Penalva, dc Alva, ii. 167.
de Caflello, ibid.
Penamacor, ii. 211.
Pendelha, ii. 208.
Pendinas, iii. 256.
Fendorada, ii. 194.
Penedons, ii. 209.
Penella, ii. 206-9
Peneus, ii. 141.
Peniche, ii. 219.
'
Penigk, vi. 161.
INDEX.
Penifcola, iii. 299.
.,
Penkiidge, iii. 379.
Penkum, ii, 86.
Pcnnafiel, iii. 309.
I^eniiaianda, ii. 276.
Pennarofta, iii. 175.
Penna-verde, ii. 209.
Pen n as de las, ii. 269.
Penningiby, i. 318.
Penrith, iii.
399.
Penryn, iii. 25Ö.
Pen fa, i. 48 r.
Pcnfance, iii. 256.
Penfchina, r. i. 474.
Penfen, iv. 93.
Pentford, iii. 273.
Penthievre, ii. 521.
Pentland, iii. 231.
Peny, iii. 814.
Penzlein, vi. 382.
Pequeno, ii. 229.
Pequigny, ii. 401.
Pcquincourt, ii. 570.
Pera, ii. 133, 208.
Peralta, ii. 313.
Perafto, ii. 102.
Perault, ii. 477.
Perche, ii. 536.
Perejaflawl, i. 463.
Pereira, ii. 204, 6.
de Sura, ii. 106,
Perekop, ii. 171.
Peremyfchel, i. 455.
Peredawl Rialanfkoi, i. 455.
Salifkoi, i. 451.
Perewolotschna, i. 404.
Peridord, ii.
494.
Perigueux, ii. 435.
Perinchus, ii. 134,
Perlberg, v. 650.
Pernay, i. 425.
Pernes, ii. 408, 60.
Perni, ii. 581.
Perno, i. 371.
Peronne, ii. 399.
Peroufe, iii. 33.
Perpignan, ii. 486.
Periclada, ii. 207.
*
Pcrfliorp, iii. g^J/.
Penh, iii. ^^25.
Pcrtois, ii. 415,
Pertuis, ii.
447.
Perugia, iii. 192.
Perufe, iii. 32.
Pcfa, r. iii. 119.
Pcraro, iii. 146.
Pefcara, iii. 207,
Peuhfenfl'coi, i.
447.
Pefchiera, iii. 87.
Pefcia, iii. 126.
Pefenas, ii. 575.
Pefewzano, iii. 194.
Pefmes, ii. 60S.
Pefo da regoa, ii. ^08.
Pefthe, ii.
29-
Pefliccia, iii. 199.
Petaw, iv. 193.
Peterborough, iii. 368.
Peterhead, iii. 428.
Peterhof, i. 430.
Peterkau, i. 591.
Peterfberg. v. 78. vi. 198.
Peterfburg, i. 431.
Pcterfdorf, i. 166.
Petersfield, iii. 284.
Peterfhagen, iv. 353.
Peterfhaufen, v. 253.
Peterfwaldan, vi. 552.
Petcrwradin, ii. 441.
Pecitftourg, ii. 382.
Petkum, iv. 424.
Petralba, iii. 112.
Petralia Sotana, iii. 214,
Petras, ii. 141.
Petrikau, i. 591.
Petrina, ii. 97.
Petrowfka, i. 444. 481.
Petfihora, i. 448.
Petfherkoi, i. 444. 462,
Petfvaradja, ii. 49.
Petterlingen, iii. 641-2.
Petworth, iii. 301.
Peva, ii. 208.
Peule la, ii. 568.
Peuplinque, ii. 405.
Peyret, ii. 484.
Peyroufe,

Peyroufe, iii. 32,
Peyruis, ii.
457.
Peyruil"', ii.
499.
Plufieiiberg, v. 245.
Pfaffenhaufen, v. 16S.
Pfalicnheim, ii. ßij.
Pfaßenhofen, v. 331. 35 r.
ii. 600.
Pfarrkirchen, v. 334,
Pfalzel, iv. 547.
Pfedelbach, v. 482.
Pfedderfheini, iv. 586.
Pfellendorf, v. ^Oß,
Pferd, ii. 604.
Pfeter, v. 346.
Pforing, V. 332.
Pforzheim, v. 222.
Pfrcim, V. ^6y.
Pfuflingen, v. 203.
Phalempen, ii. 568.
Phalzburg, ii. 6e6.
Pharfalia, ii. 141.
Piieafant-Ifland, ii. 272,
Pheneus, ii. 144.
Phiilep-Sialas, ii. 43.
Philippeviile, ii. 571.
Philippi, ii. i^^.
Philippine, iii. 572.
Philippoli, ii. 129.
Philipfeck. V. 66.
Philipfburg, i. 153,
Philipftat, i. 295.
Philips Morton, iii. 273.
Town, iii. 438.
Pianofa, iit. 131.
Pias, ii. 220.
Piacek» i.
592.
Piazza, iii. 215.
Pic de midi, h. ii. 243.
Pica de regalados, ii. 193.
Picardie, ii.
^g^.
Pichtowa, h. i. 309,
Picierno, iii. 198.
Pickering, iii.
392.
Pico, I. ii. 238,
Pie di Liico, iii. jßß.
Piedmont, iii. 24.
Pit-nin, i. 602.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Picnza, iii. 131.
Pierre BufBere, ii. 556.
en hife, ii. 548.
Fort, ii. 5S8.
Late, ii. 442.,
Pierry, ii. 412.
Piefco, iii. 198.
Pietoia, iii. 54.
Pietra Bugna, iii. 1 12.
Galla, iii. 198.
Mala, h. iii. 126.
Prezia, iii. 215.
Santa, iii. 127.
Pietro, iii. 42.
Pieve, iii. io6.
Pigna, iii.
35.
Pignani, ii.
453.
Pignerol, iii. 31.
Pilaino, iii. 213.
Pilchowitz, vi. 594;
Pilgram, iv. 82.
Pilkalben, i. 561.
Pilkoppen, i.
547.
Piltau, i. 544.
Pilfen, iv. 86.
Pilten, i. 666.
Pilzen, iv. 87.
Pizno, i. 662-
Pina, ii. 318.
Pinache, iii. 33.
Pinczow, i. 604.
Pindia, ii. 310.
Pineda, ii. 324.
Pinen, ii. 405.
Piney, ii. 411.
Pinhao, ii. 31.
Pinheiro de Azere, ii. 207.
Pinheiros, ii. 208.
Pinhel, ii. ibid.
Pinho Velho, ii. 198.
Pinkafeld, ii. 52.
Pinnebeg, vi. 421.
Pinok, i. 621.
Piombino, iii. 132.
Pirtokow, i.
591.
Piperi, I. ii. 149.
Piperno, iii. 173.
Pirano, iii. 94.
5f
Piremflvoi, i
448.
Pirctz, vi, 88.
Pirgo, ii. 140.
Plrhpe, ii. J188.
Pirna, v. 572.
Pirnafa, r. ii. 144.
Pirou, ii. 531.
Pifa, iii, 127,
Pilano, iri. 127.
Pifau, ii. 278.
Piftoia, iii. 126.
Pifuira, r. ii. 274.
Pifck, iv. 85.
Pitea, i. ^^cf.
Pithiviers, ii.
539.
ie vilie, ii, 540.
Pitigliano, iii. 131.
Pitlingen, ii.
585.
Pitfclien, vi. 545.
Pittenweem, iii. 422.
Piucerda, u. 325.
Piuri, iii. 791,
Pizzighetona, iii, 51.
Pizzo, iii. 201.
Piacentia, iii,
ß6y 58. ^
PJadia, i,
549.
Pladling, v, 345.
Planejou, iii. 16.
Pianey, ii. 411.
Plafentia, ii, 272.
Plat, vi. 92.
Piatfa Mone, r, ii. 135.
Platternitz, ii. 91.
Platters, iv. 92.
Plau, vi. 382, 3S3.
Plaucn,v. 6:2, 660. vi. 119.
Plazencia, ii. 278.
Pleaux, ii. 552.
Pleinting, v. 345.
Plefliovv, i,
413, 444.
Plepa, v. ß^.
Pleife les tours, ii. 562,
Plettenberg, iv. 395.
Plimouth, iii. 25S.
Plimpton, iii. 259.
Plindenburg, ii. 41.
Pline, vi. ß^.
Ploizkü, i.
a;^6.
Plön,

,
Orfon,
Plön, vi, 410,
Plonzk, i. 5C),S.
Plonzkajagüra, i. 509,
Plymlymon, iii. 41 1.
Po, r. iii. 4.
Foanic, ii. ^65.
Pübledo, ii. 322,
Pocklington, iii.
389.
Podentes, ii. 205.
Podhorlan, iv. 90.
Podkamenie, i. 608.
Podlachia, i. 606.
Podol, i. 463.
Podolia, i. 610.
Poei, vi. 302.
Pcgen, V. 347.
Poggio, iii. i25._
Imperiale, iii. 146.
Reale, iii. 216.
Poggiobanei, iii. 1 25.
Pogoreloi, ii. 445.
Pogowka, i. 463.
Poiana, iii. 89.
Poigny, ii. 382.
Poilvache, iv. 310.
Poifly, ii.
393.
Poitiers, ii. 513.
Poitou, ii. 512.
Poix, ii. 400.
Pokrowfke, i.
454.
Poia, iii. 94.
Poland, i.
56J,
Polanos, ii. 269.
Polefino di Rorigo, iii. 85.
Poleffia, i. 616.
Polerworth, iii. 364.
Polctto, iii. 54.
Polewfkoi, }. 503.
Polgard, ii. 69.
Poli, iii. 125. 172.
Policandro, I. ii. 154.
Püücaftro, iii. 197. 200.
Polignac, ii-. 484.
Pol'gnano, iii. 204,
Poligny, li. 6C9.
Poiitz, vi 83.
Polizzi, iii. 217.
Polle, vi. 312.
Polleben, vi. 138.
INDEX.
Pollenza, ii. 317.
Pollonia, ii. 140.
Polno, vi. g^.
Polock, i. 624.
Polowinnoi Riidnik, i, 501.
Pülyüilo, ii. 135.
Polzin, vi. 92.
Pomarico, iii. 199.
Pomaro, iii. 38.
Pombal, ii. 218.
Potnbalinko, ii. 204.
Pombeiro, ii. 192. 204.
Pomegues, I. ü. 450.
Pomerania, vi. 6^.
Anterior, vi. 71,
Hinder, vi. 87.
PomereJlia, ii. 632.
Pomfret, iii. 386,
Pomona, iii. 432.
Pompey's pillar, ii. 133.
Pomponfeco, iii.
54.
Ponek, ii. 30.
Ponferrada, ii. 274.
Poniwiez, i. 619.
Ponfk, ii. 508.
Pont L'abbe, ibid.
de l'arche, ii. 528.
Audemer, ii. 529,
d'. Ayn, ii. 428.
Beauvoifin, ii. 440.
Camarares, ii.
499.
Charrod, ii.
557.
Chateau, ii. 519.
du Chateau, ii.
554.
r Eveque, ii. 530.
du Guards, ii. 478^
Moufibn, ii. 58b.
ii.
532.
Remy, ii. 402.
Royan, ii.
439.
See, ii. 565.
Scitre, ii. 411.
St. Erprk, ii. 480.
Sorgue, ii. 460.
Vaiix, ii. 428.
Veple, ibid.
le Voi, ii, 542.
Sur Yon, ii. 417,
Ponta, delgada, ii. 236.
Ponta do Sol, il.
234.
Pontac, ii.
490.
Pontain, ii. 429.
Pontarlicr, ii. 609.
Ponthrogny, iii, 21.
i'oiue, ii. 209. iii. 784..
de Barea, ii.
193.
de Lima, ibid.
Molina, iii.
54.
Nura, iii. 58.
de Sor, ii. 220,
Vico, iii. 90.
Pontefract, iii. 386.
Pontevedra, ii. 265.
Ponthieu, ii. 401.
Pontigny, ii. 417.
Pontivi, ii. 521.
Ponto decimo, iii. 105.
Pontoife, ii. 389.
Pontre moli, iii. 57. 126^
Pontypool, iii.
359.
Ponza, iii. 195.
Poole, iii. 267.
Poppocco, ii, 106.
Popoli, iii. 207.
Poppenhaufen, v. 21.
Popper, r. 54.
Porchow, i. 444.
Porcunna, ii. 290.
Pordenon, iii. 93..
Poretta, iii. 141.
Porige, i. 448.
Pornafle, iii. 106-.
Porolo, ii. 66.
Porquerolles, I. ii. 452..
Porfanger, i. 21t.
Port Arlington, iii. 438^
de Foufley, ii. 431.
de Lannis, ii. 501.
Louis, ii. 521.
L' Orient, ibid.
Mayor, ii. 337.
Minor, ibid.
Patrick, iii, 419.
St. Marys, ii. 284.
PortVendres, ii. 487.
Portalegre, ii. 228.
Portano, ii. 216.
Porta

Porta real,
ni.'aiö.
Fortrecos, I. ü. 452,
Portel, ii. 227,
Portelino, ii. 174.
Portella das cabras, ii. 195.
Portello, iii. 194.
Portes, iii. 3 j.
Portlci, iii. 192.
Potticiola, iii. 1 12.
Portland, iii. 265.
Port Maurice, 106.
Portneh. inch, iii. 438.
Porto, iii. 194, 235. iii.
'33' ^59-
Carreiro, ii. 194.
Drage, ii. 145.
teriaio, iii. 131.
Fino, iii. 134.
Fortezza. iii. 52.
eb Grajo, ii. 299.
Greco, iii. 204.
Gruaro, iii.
^^.
Guifcardo, ii. 159.
Hercüle, ii. 132.
Leone, ii. 145.
Longone, iii. 132.
Magno, iii. 330.
Marin, ii. 267.
de Moz, ii. 221.
Pavone, iii. 191.
Pedro, ii. 327.
Sr, Stephane, iii. 132.
Santo, I. ii. 234.
Vecchio, iii. 1 14.
di Venere, iii*^ 104.
Portogallete, ii. 270.
Portolongone, iii. 131.
Porcopin, ii. 238.
Portfey, iii. 285.
Portfoga, iii. 428.
Portfmouth, iii. 285.
Portugal, ii. ly-ß,
Portumnaj iii. 444.
Poms, ii. 151.
Pofad, i. 44D.
Fo.'chechonje, i. 451.
Pofchiavo, iii.
774.
Püfen, I. 588.
INDEX.
Pofnania, ibid.
Pofneck, vi. ßS,
Pofolikoi, i. 521,
Pofony, ii. 16.
Pofll'g, ii. 91.
Poftelberg, vi, 91.
Pfteni, ii. 83.
Ptama, r. i.
474.
Ptami, ii. 161.
Ptenzar iii. 198,203.
Potis, ii. 269.
Potfchip, i. 46:.
Potfchaken, iv. 82.
Potfdam, V. 657.
Pottme, V. 333.
Potton, iii.
343.
Pougues, ii.
544.
Poviglie, iii. 64.
Poulton, iii. 402.
Povha, ii. 205, 209, 228.
de Lanhefo, ii. 192.
de Varzim, ii. 194.
Pova, ii. 217.
Poufadella, ii. 192.
Poufa ftores, ii. 221.
Pouzin, ii. 482.
Powenetz, i. 444.
Pozüyfde, i. 619.
Prachin, iv. 84.
Pradas, ii. 322.
Prades, ii. 488.
Prado, ii. 193.
Prague, iv. 6^..
Prais, iii.
33.
Pramol, ibid.
Praruftin,
ibid.
Praftoe, i. 110.
Prate, iii. 126.
Magno, ibid.
Vecchio, ibid.
Pratolino, iii. 125.
Pratteleno, iii. 576.
Prats de Molo, ii. 487.
Praufnitz, vi. 584..
Praya, ii. 237.
Prectz, vi. 416.
Pregel, r. i. 529,
Pregel, ii.
774,
Premcane, il. 423.
premery, ii. 544.
Promontre, iii. 388.
Preobrafchenfküi, ii,
454.
Prepefinthus, I. ii. 152'
Prefcot, iii. 404.
Preflau, ii. 127.
Prefniz, iv. 90.
Prefnitz,
ibid.
PrefTat, v. 354.
PrefTigny, ii. §6'^.
Prciteigne, iii. 41 1.
prefton, iii. 402.
Prefton pans, iii. 417.
Prefzburg, ii. 18.
Preftüwez, ii. 91.
Pretfch, V. 548.
Prevefe, ii. 140.
Prevola le comte, ii.
570^
Preufehmark, i.
557
Prezerbe, v. 660
Pr born, vi. 544.
Pr ebus, vi. 580.
Pri m, _ii._547-
Pr: luki. i. 464.
Pri morge, ii. 100.
Pr fen, iv. 91.
Pr nfenland, iii. 561..
Pr frendi, ii, 122.
Pr ftin, ii. 124.
ttlewell, iii. 324..
Privat, ii. 482.
Prizzi, iii. 217.
Prizwald, v. 651.
Procila, I. iii. 191.
Procupia, ii. 124.
Proenza a nova, ii. 229..
a Velha,. ii. 212..
Prodzelin, iv. 529.
Prona, i.
455.
Pronok, ibid.
Profelzheim, v. 407.
Pron

Provence, ii. 444.
Provcfende, ii. 196.
Provins, ii. 418.
Prüu(l

North,
Radnor, iii. 411.
Radnorfkire, ibid,
Radolfhaufen, vi. 280.
Radom, i, 466-604.
Radomfl-c, i. 591.
Radonicc, iv. 91,
Radofchiez, i. 604.
Radufchorz, ii. 26.
Radltatt, v. 321.
Radua, ii. 71.
Radvany, ii. 30.
Radzanow, i.
597,
Radziejow, i. 593.
Radzielow, i. §g6.
RafFadaly, iii. 2 1 6,
Rafos, i. 195.
Rafsnas, . i. 321.
Ragatz, iii. 726.
Raggeolo, iii. 54.
Raghan, iii.
439,
Ragnit, i. 561.
.
Ragunda, i.
335.
Ragufa, ii. 103.
Rahden, iv. 355,
Rahuen, i. 211,
Raho, ii. 37.
Rajetz, ii. 26.
Raigorodok, ii 467.
Raika, ii 45.
Rain, v. 333.
Raincy, ii. 381.
Raifmark, ii. 85.
Raitenbuch, iv. 193.
Rakefburg, iv. 93,
Rakicran, ii. 52.
Rakos, ii. 45.
Rakow, i. 604.
Rakownitz, iv.
Ram, ii. 123.
g^.
Rama, ii. 121.
Ramafle la, iii. 16.
Ramatuel, ii.
453.
Rambervillers, ii. ^y6.
Ramea, i.. 361.
Ramelies, iv. 266.
Rameru, ii. 411.
Ramlofo, i. 303.
Rammekens, iii. 519.
Vol. VI.
I N D E x;
.
Rammelberg, vi. 286.'
Rammelburg, vi. 134.
Ramfgate, iii. 307.
Ramfey, iii. 342.
Ramfoe, i. loi.
Ramundaboda, i. 324.
Ran, i.
357.
Rand, i. 188.
Randan, ii. 327.
Randafalmi, i. 372«
Randazzo, iii. 214;
Randeradt, iv. 403.
Randers, i. 124, 133.
Randerfacker, v. 409.
Randoefund, i. 195.
Rangendingen, v. 226.
Rangervalle, i. 228.
Rangftrup,
South, i. 149.
Ranhados, ii. 201,
Ranis, v. 616.
Rankweil, iv. 240.
Ranftatt, v. 118.
Ranzaw, vi. 452, 454.
Raon, ii. 582.
Rapolla, iii. 104.
Raphoe, iii. 442.
Rapolla, iii. 198.
Rapot, ii. 82.
Rappe rfchweil, iii. 700.
Rappolftein, ii. 603^
Rappollweiler, ibid.
Raren, iii.
797.
Rafeborg, i. 371.
Rafpenburg, vi. 29,
Raftadt, v. 217.
i, 148.
Raftede, iv. 445.
Raftenburg, i. 551.
Ratage, iv. 81.
Ratine, v. 659.
Rates, ii. 195.
Rathconrath, iii.
439.
Rathdown, ui. 435.
Rathlin, iii.
439.
Rathouth, iii. 438.
Ratibor, vi. 595-6,
Ratingen, iy, 408.
Ratilbonn, v. 364-84,
5G
Ratko, ji. 6-;
Ratonncau, I, ii, 450.
Ratfcha, ii. 91,
Ratfehdorf, ii. 20.
Rattenberg, iv. 231.
Ratz-Caniia, ii. 50.
Ratzeburg-, vi. 92. 441.
2-50.
Ratzkeve, ii. 42,
Rava, i. 592, 608.
Raudignupur, i. 227.
Raudnice, iv. 95.
Raudten, vi. 507.
Ravello, iii. 196.
Ravenglafs, iii, 400.
Ravenna, iii, 143.
Ravenfberg, iv. 467.
Ravensburg, v. 299, 311.
Ravenftein, iii.
558, ß^^.
Ravilly, iii.
437,
Raviz, i.
590,
Raumarige, i. 190.
Räume, ibid.
Raumo, i. 365.
Raumata, i. '^60.
Raunum, i. 287.
Rauris, v. 321,
Raurlchenburg, v. 54.
Rautenburg, i.
547,
Rauwerd, iii.
ß^y.
Rawa, i. 592,
Rayley, iii. 324.
Razimierz, i. 590.
Razo, ii. 46,
Re, i. 511.
Realejo, ii. 2S2,
Realmon, ii. 470.
Real Ville, ii. 498.
Reban, iii.
437.
Rebnitz, ii. 164.
Rebordainhos, ii. 179.
Rebordaos, ii. 200.
Recanati, iii. 150.
Recardoens, ii. 208,
Rechenberg, v. 600.
Rechicourt, ii. ßy6.
Recke nberg, iv. 347.
Reckiieim, iv. 495.
Reel:-

Recklinghavifcn, iv. 566.
Reddeber, vi. 146,
Redelfack, iii. 427.
Reden, i. 646.
Redinka, ii. 213.
Rednitz, ii. 164.
Kedoldelco, iii. 54.
Redon, ii. 521.
Redondela, ii. 265.
Rcdondillo, ibid.
Redondo, ii. 224.
Redouth, iii. 256.
Reepham, iii. 336.
Rees, iv. 379.
Reez, vi. 14.
Rcf, i. 127.
Refeyol'de Bade, ii. 192-
Refoyoide Elba de Ave, ii.
194.
Regen, v. 348.
Regenfberg, iii. 605.
Regenftrauf, v. 361.
Regenftein, vi. 363.
Regenftorf, iii. 601.
Regenwald, vi. 92.
Regetz, ii. 62.
Reggio, iii. 68, 201.
in Calabria, iii. 201.
Regio, v. 623.
Regnano, iii. 126.
ReguengodeBelide, ii. 205.
de Liceira, ii. 205.
Rehau, v. 422.
Reher, vi. 312.
Rehtwifch, vi. 411.
Reichelfberg, v. 59.
Reichelfheim, v. 5g.
Reichenau, v. 165.
Reichenbach,v.6i4.vi.5'i.
Reichenberg, iv. 73. v. 61.
Reichenfels, vi. 156.
Reichenhai, v. 339.
Reichenftcin, iv. S5. 505.
Reichenwald, i. 55"/.
Reichertiliofen, v. 362.
Reichihoten, ii. 600.
Reichthal, vi. 526,
INDEX.
Reiff, iv. 253.
Reiffhiz, iv. 216.
Reiffericheid, iv. 363.
Rei'ibeck, vi. 413.
Reineberg, iv. 354,
Reineik, iv. 591.
Rinenftadir, i. 226.
Reinheiin, v. yß.
Reinhards brunn, vi. 48.
Reipoltz kirchen, v. 139.
Reiibach, v. 343, -
Reilenburg, i.
5^5.
Rcita, iv. 233.
Rekarna, i.
319,
Releoux, iii. 21.
Remda, vi. ^ß.
Remekela, i. 360.
Remich, iv. 283.
Remilli, ii. ßy6.
Remiremonr, ii. 582.
Remlingen, v. 489-92.
Remnik, ii. 164.
Remois, ii. 412.
Remfa, vi. 161.
Renehan, v. 13.
Rendefoe, I. i. 196.
Rendfburg, vi. 403-7.
Renfrew, iii. 420.
Rennerzhofen, vi 362.
Rennes, ii. 472.
Rens, iv. 562.
Renty, ii. 4,09.
Refle, ii. 500,
Reps, ii. 85.
Reris, ii. 607.
Refan, i. 455.
Refch, i. 472.
Refende, ii. 208..
Refma, iii. 192.
Refow, i. 609.
Reflel, i. 6ßj.
Refuttana, iii. 216.
Retel, ii. 414.
Retteg, ii. So.
Retford, iii.
375.
Retino, ii. 156.
Retufari, i. ^^6.
Retz, iv. 172. V. 350.
Reval or Revel, i. 426.
Revel, ii. 471.
Reventlau, i.
153.
Revere, iii.
54.
Revers, li.
ßy^-
Reuflcn, vi. 140.
Reutlingen, v.. 288.
Rewifchtye, ii.
^^.
Reyada, ii. 210.
Reydarfiordur, i. 228-
Reykanes, i. 229.
Rtyker, i. 227.
Reykhola, i. 229.
RleykolaLaugar,i. 229. 30*.
Reykiadal, i. 230.
Reykialaug, i. 229.
Rezieres, ii. 482.
Rezeins, iii. 764.
Rhade, vi.. 232.
Rhaden, iv. ^ßß.
Rhajadr. Gwy, iii. 411.
Rhatdown, iii. 436.
Rhatdowne, ii. 435.
Rheims, ii. 412.
Rheinau, ii. 598.
Rheinbach, iv. 561.
Rhein berg,, IV. 565.
Rheinbruck, iv. 554.
Rheineck, ii. 715.
Rheinfeld, vi. 411.
Rheinfelden, iv. 349.
Rheinfels, v. 60.
Rheingau, ii. 525.
Rheinland, iii.
499.
Rheinthal, ii. 711..
Rheinwald, iii. 765.
Rhena, vi. 377.
Rhenen, i-i. 526.
Rhine, r. iv. 7.
Circle of, iv. 517;
Palatinate of, iv. 572..
Rhins, v, 661.
Rhinfoerg, v. 679,
Rho, iii.
49.
Rhoden, v. 99.
Rhcdop, h. il 128.
Rhone,

Rhone, r. ii. 335. iii. 16.
Rhiiden, iv. 568.
Rhuthyn, iii. 413.
Rliynfberg, iii.
499.
Riala, i. 314.
Rians, ii. 447.
Riafli, i. 466.
Riba, de Coa, ii. 207,
Ribadeo, ii, 266.
Riba de ^ella, ii. 269.
Ribagorza ii. 319.
Ribaira de Penas, ii. 19.
Ribar, ii. 31.
Ribatua, ii. 196,
Ribbenitz, vi. 383.
Ribbingeland, i. 32t.
Ribchefter, iii. 402.
Ribe, i. 140.
Ribeira brava, ii. 234.
Grande, ii. 236..
de Pena, ii. 192.
de Soas, ii. 192.
Ribelas, ii. 208.
Riberhus, i. 139.
Ribeyrat, ii.
495.
Riblemont, ii. 398.
Ribnik, vi. 596.
Ricaibli, iii. 223.
Riciiebourg l'adcoue, ii.408.
Sc. Vefl:, ibid.
Richborough, iii. 307.
Richelieu, ii. 514.
Richmond, iii. 206. 391.
Richoid, iv. 50S.
Richtenberg, vi. 80.
Ricklingen, vi. 301.
Rickmanfvvorth, iii.
347.
Ric'a, ii. 316.
Ridaholm, i. 282.
Ridboholm, i 318.
Rizin, i. 589.-
Riddau, iv. 181.
Ried, V. 344.
Rieden, v. 352.
Riedenburg, v. 332. 372.
Riedefel, v. 70.
Riehen, iii. O78.
Rienick, v.496-7.
INDEX.
Ries, i. 149.
Riefemohr, ibid.
Ricfenburg, i.
555.
Riefen-holen, i. 296.
Roppe, h. vi. 552,
RiefTa, v. 368.
Rietberg, iv. 490.
Rieti, iii. 155.
Rieux, ii. 471-7S.
Riexingen, v, 190. vi. 484.
Riez, i. 149.
Riga, i. 422.
Riifoer, i. 193.
Rille, r. ii. 4^4.
Rimagione, iii. 104.
Rimalzets, iii. 104.
Rimalzets, ii. 64.
Rima-fzombath, ii. 2^^
Rimini, iii. 145.
Rind, i. 129,. 1.30.
Rengerige, i. 188.
Ringkiobing, i. 137..
Ringleben, vi. 33.
Ringfta, i. 322.
Ringftaholm, i.
275.
Ringrted, i. 106. vi. 226,
Ringwood, iii. 282,
Rinreln, iv.
439.
Rio de Mfichos, ii. 207..
Rioms, ji. ^5^.
Rions, ii. 494.
Ri.xa, ii. 311.
Rij.jaile, lii. 20.
Riparanfone, iii. 151.
Ripen Dioccfe, 1. ij6.
City, i 140.
Riperwig, i. 195.
Riphean hüls, 1.
491.
Ripity, ill. 3^1.
R pp^rg, y, 409.
Ri^jpoii, lü. 381.
Rifano, ii. 102.
Rtfdorf, ü. ß6.
Rifeberga, i. 32.
Rilcby, i. 165.
Rifele, ii. 424.
Rifquebourg, ii. 407.
Riium, iv. 424..
Rittonda, iii. Sg.
Rivaita, iii.
49.
Rivelarcr, iii.
33.
Rivel, iii. 419.
Rivello, iii. 199.
Rivel'altes, ii. 487.
Riviera, iii.
737.
Riviera del Lago de Garda,.
iii. 90.
del Lago d'Ifco,
ibid.
di Cambarogiio, iii, 740.
di Levante, iii. 102.
di Ponente, iii. 104.
Riviere, ii.
505.
Rivoli, iii. 30.
Rivolo, iii. 64.
Rivoralo, iii. 60.
Rizezany, iv. 81.
Roa, ii. 310.
Roane, r. ii. 432..
Roanne, ii. 550.
Robel, vi. 381.
Robine, ii. 473.
Roca, ii. 2 16.
Rocca, ii. 324, iii. 63-103.
Contrada, iii.
147.
Gloriofa, iii,
197.
Gorga, iii. 171.
Guglielma, iii.
794^
Palumba, iii. 217.
Liorita, iii. 214.
Vecchia, iii.
194.
Rocca la, iii. 1 14.
Roccalumera, iii. 214..
Rocclla, iii. 201,
Rccii, vi. 1^.
R>xhdale, iii. 403.
Roche l;i, iii. iv. 284,
Roche-Barnard, ii. ßiq,
Roche-Guion, ii. 389.'
Roche Sur Yen, ii.
515.
Rochehouart, ii. 514.
Rochefort, ii. 51 1.
550,
Rochefoucaur, ii. 510.
Rochclle, ii.
51 1,
Rochemelon, Iv. iii. 2 >•
Rochenhaufen, iv. 5^5.
Rochepla-ce,

Rocheplate, iii. 3^.
Roclicpofay, ii. 56^.
Rocheriberg, ii. 5(18.
Rücliefter, iii. 301.
Rochlitz, V. ßc)^.
Rochfburg, vi. 161.
Rochftccir, vi. 359.
Rockingham, iii. ^6ß.
Rockfee, i. 282.
Rocroy, ii. 413.
Roda, vi. 156.
Rodach, vi. 40.
Rodbye, i. 120.
Rodding, i. J30.
Rodefiurd, i, 228.
Pxodemis, i* 155.
Rodenaftin Norway, i. 190.
in Iceland, i. 227.
Rodenberg, iv. 441.
Rode-nefs, i. 227.
Roderet, iiL 23-
Rodez, ii. 498.
Rodheim, v. 105.
Rodnia, i. 613.
Rodode, ii. 134.
Rochampton, iii. 297.
Roermond, iv. 288.
Roefkild, i. 10 1.
Roeux, iv. 304.
Rogaland, i. J93.
Rogenhaufcn, i. 647.
Rogerwick, i. 427.
Roggenburg, v. 250.
Rogkane, iii. 1 1 2.
Rogliano, iii. 200^
Rcgna, iii. 113.
Rogofzno, i. 5 89.
Rohactow, i. 622.
Rohans, ii. ß^. 521.
Rohnbach, v. 27. yi. 30..
Rohonz, ii. ß^.
Rohr, v. 258.
Rohthof, i. 662.
Roifl'y, ii. 38 i.
Rolle, hi. 639.
Rom, i. 141.
Romagi.a, iii. i4o-
Rumagnano, iii. 39.
Rofcommon, iii.
INDEX.
Romainmoucier, iii. 642.
Rofcof, ii. 523. Rüteln, V. 223.
443,
Romainia, li. 128.
Rofeginfk, i. 425.
Romano, iii. 91.
Rofenau, ii. 64. üC,
Romanoio, i. 451-66. Rüfcnberg, i. 556. vi. 592-
Romans, ii. 441.
Rofenburg, vi. 183.
Rome, iii. 160.
Rofendahl, iii. 761.
Romerige, i. 190.
Rofenicld, v. 194.
Romhild, v. 471.
Rolenheim, v. 338.
Romney, iii. 304.
Rülenholm, i, 135.
Romorcntiii, ii, 542. Rofenthal, v. 54.
Romrod, v. 64.
Roferfberg, i. 318.
RomlUal, i. 201.
Rofes, ii. 324.
Ronalfha, iii. 431.
Rofheim, ii.
597.
Roncal, ii. 243.
Rohira, i.
455.
Roncevaux, h. ii. 243. Rofiello, iii. 207.
Ronchaglia, iii. ßg.
Rofiene, i. 625.
Ronciglione, iii. iß6.
Rofierres, ii. 58/,
Ronda, ii 294.
Roflagen, i. 310.
Rondenara, in. 62.
RoHavvl, i. 461.
Rönne, i. 113.
RoQin, iii. 418.
Ronneburg, vi. ßß.
Rofmaninhal, ii. 212,
Ronneby, i. 308.
Rofnay, ii.
4 1 6.
Ronnenberg, vi. 298. Rofnye, ii. 86.
Rono, i, 278.
Rofs, iii. 360. 437.
Ronfberg, iv. 88,.
RofTano, iii. 199.
Ronfe, IV. 295.
RofTas, ii. 192.
Roque, ii. ßo6.
Rofle, iii 446.
Roquebrou, ii. 552.
Roflenau, ii. 86.
Roquebrun, iii. 6"/.
Roßiglione, iii. 105.
Roquecoiirbe, ii. 470. Roflby, ii. 418.
Roqueforc de Marfan, 11.50- Roll, I. i. 305.
Roquelaure, ii. 505.
Rollin, vi. 12.
Rcque de iVIadure, ii.
497, Roftins, i. 466.
Roquemaure, ii. 480. Rollenholz, ii. 600.
Roquemaiix, ii. 469.
Rolline, iii. 113.
Roquevaiie, ii. 447.
Roftoek, vi. 384.
Ror, V. 332.
Roftow, i. 451.
Roraas, i. 202.
Rofzbach, v. 66. ßß6.
Roras, iii. 32.
Rofzla, vi. 29. 141.
Rornbach, v. 370,.
Rolzwein, v. 600.
Rornen, vi. 50.
Rot, I. i. 196.
Rorfchaih, iü. 745.
Rota, ii. 1S4.
Rofai, ii. 527.
Rotenburg, iii. 646,
Rofans, ii.
439.
Rotenhot, vi', ^-^i^.
Rolared, i. 306.
Rotenkiich, vi. 274.
Rofdogher, iii. 443. Rütenmann, iv. 11^6,
Ruth,

Roth, V. 250. 447.
Rotha, V. 585.
Rotbbury, iii.
^gy.
Rothenberg, v. 355.
Rothenburg, v. ii. 5S,
Rothelen, v. 165.
Rothenfels, v. 403.
Rothenfirben, vi. 538.
Rotherham, iii. 387.
Rothmunfter, v. 257.
Rothouven, i. 198.
Rothfay, iii. 423.
Rothweil, V. 292.
Rotigiiano, iii. 204.
Roting, V. 353.
Rotkirch, vi. ^6?.
Rotneby, i. 308.
Rornod, ii. 81.
Rochenbach, v. 277.
R.ottenburg, iv. 232. v. 345.
Rottenfttin, v. 173.
Rotterdam, iii. 4U4.
Rottingen, v. 408.
Rovafio, iii. 27.
Rovato, iii. go,
Roubaix, ii. 569.
Rouen, ii. 527.
Rovereith, iv. 436.
Rouergue, ii. 498.
•Rouglalh, iii. 423.
Rougfad, i. 132.
Rovigno, iii.
94.
Rovigo, iii. 85.
Roumois, ii. 529.
Roufa, iii. 432.
Rouflillon, ii. 440.
RoLifzillon, ii. 485,
Routot, ii. 529.
Roxburg, iii. 418.
Roxen, i. 296.
Roxheim, v. 19.
Royallanc, ii. 457.
Royan, ii. 51 1.
Royanez, ii.
439.
Roye, ii. 400.
Royfton, iii.
345.
Rozan, i. 596.
Rozana, i. 622.
Vol. vi.
INDEX.
Rozenbiirg, iii. 504.
Rozendaal, iii. 483.
Rozoy, ii. 385.
Rubempre, ii. 401.
Rubiera, iii. 63,
Rucella, iii. 214.
Rudal, i. 464.
Rudau, i. 54Ö.
Rüden, vi. 77.
Rudeftctr, vi. 33.
RudegcrOiaufcn, vi. 2SS.
Rudkiobing, i. 119.
Rudna, ii. 85.
Rudnick, ii. 122.
Rudniki, i. 618.
Rudnitza, ii. 122.
Rudülphftadr, iv. 84*
RudoJphfvverth, iv. 213.
Rue, ii. 402. vi. 123.
Ruel, ii. 382.
RuemannsfeJden, v. 34S.
Ruffach, ii.
599. v. 458.
Ruffee, ii. 510.
Rugaand, i. 118.
Rugby, iii. 365.
Rugelltein, ii. 606.
Rugely, iii.
^yg.
Rügen, vi. 71. 72.
Rugenwalde, vi. ^^.
Ruglen, iii. 420.
Ruhe-Klofter, i. 153.
Ruhta, vi. 32.
Rule, iii. 433.
Ruma, i. 286.
Rumford, iii. 324.
Rumilly, iii. 20.
Rumlaborg, i. 282.
Rumlang, iii. 602.
Rummeifburg, vi. g^.
Rumfey, iii. 282.
Runh, i. 329.
Runkel, iv. 433.
Runoe, i. 435.'
Runpenheim, v. 104.
Runla, i.
319.
Runfala, i. 364.
Ruppaw, iv. 88.
Rus, i. 560.
5 H
Rufie, 1. 529.
.
'
Ruffelisfheim, v,' 74.
Russia, i.
377.
Smallor red, i. 607.
Lithuanian, i. 620.
Blade, i. 621.
White, i. 6-2,
Ruffin, iii. 724.
Rufib, iii. 144.
Ruft, ii. 45.
Ruftan, ii. 507.
Rurtenberg, iv. ß^c.
Rufiweü, iii. 648.
Ruthenberg, v. 58.
Ruthi, iii, 698.
Ruti, iii.
729.
Rutignano, iii. 204.
Rutlandfhire, iii. 368.
Rutzdorf, vi. 21.
Rutzen, vi. ß66.
Ruvo, iii. 205.
Ruvv, iii. 648.
Ruys, ii. 521.
Ruyflide, iv. 296.
Ruyaves, ii. 201.
Rybnaja, r. i. 42 S.
Ryda, i. 317.
Rydell, iii. 392.
Rye, i. 135. iii. 303.
Ryeezyea, i. 622.
Ryfy Ckec, i. 195.
Rygate, iii. 298.
RylfK, i. 465.
Rymarow, iv. 105.
Rypen, i.
593.
Rylenftein, i. 137.
Ryfoers, i. 193.
Ryflen, iii.
544.
Ryfwyck, iii. 501.
Rzeizow, i. 60a.
'
S.
Saaftingen, iii. 572.'
Saagh, ii. ^6.
Saaiburg, vi. 155.
Saalfeld, i. 557. vi. §y.
Saalftadt, i. ^'f^^-
Saarbruck, v. gß.
Saardam, iii. 510.
Saar-Louis,

'
Saar-Louls, ii,
577.
Saarmund, v. 676.
Saarvvarden, v. 92. ^64.
Saas, iv. 89.
Sabariz, ii. 195.
Sabbaburg, v. 48,
Sabbia, iii. 90.
Sabbzw, iii. 90.
Sabina, iii. 155.
Sabionceilo, ii. 105.
Sabionetta, iii. 60.
Sable, ii. 536.
.Sables d' Olonne, ii. 515.
Sabroe, i. 1 32.
Sabugal, ii. 211.
Sabiigota, ii. 207.
Saby, i. 319.
Sabye, i. 126.
Sabyegaard, i. 106.
Satcania, ii. 14.1.
Sachia, vi. 169.
Sachfenberg, iv. 202. v.gg.
Sachfendorf, vi. 42.
.Sachfenhaagen, iv. 441..
Sachfcnbaulen, vi. ^^.
Sacblenheim, v. 207^
SackcnhaufePj i. 66j.
Sacmara, r. i. 470.
Sadunkyla, i. 361.
Saffellas, iii. 327.
Safweflholm, i. 322.
Sagan, vi. 578-9.
Sagara, ii. 146.
Sagona, iii. 1 13.
Sagres, ii. 222.
SahagLiri, ii. 275.
Saillies, ii. 490.
Sr. Aaron, ii. 519.
Abraham, 1. i. 574.
Agate, iii. 197. 201.
Agnes, iii. 258.
Agreve, ii. 482.
Aignant, ii. 560.
Alban, ii. 560.
Albans, iii, 346.
Amand, ii. 543 69.
Amant, ii. 547.
Amaiin, ii. toz,
Ambreile, ii. 480,
INDEX.
St. Anatolia, iii. 151.
Andiul, ii. 481.
Ander, ii. 269.
Andre, ii. 528. iii. 21-22-.
Fort, ii. 609.
Andrea, I. ii. 105.
Andree, iv. 201.
Andrews, iii. 422.
Andelo, iii. 198.
Anna ttr Maiden, iii. 570.
Anthony, i.
443.
Antoine, ii. 441.
Antonin, ii. 491.
Antonio, ii. 270. iii. 216.
Afaph, iii. 412.
Aubin, iii. 289.
Aubinde Cormier, ii. 518.
Avod, ii. 584.
Barthclemi, iii.
33.
Batholemeu de Miffines,
ii- 233.
Beat, ii. 472. 505.
Bees, iii. 400.
Bi-'llino, iii. 86.
Benedetto, iii.
54.
Benoit, ii.
477.
Bernard, ii. 505.
Bernhards-Berg, iii. 26.
Bertrand, ii. 506.
Blafi, ii. 604.
Bonnet, ii. 437.
Brelade, iii. 289.
Brieu, ii. 520.
Brix, ii. 604.
Buricns, iii. 256.
Calais, ii. 530,
Calugero, iii, 216.
Catahne, ii. 286.
Caterina, ii. 219.
Catherine 7.. ^
de Fierbois, ^ ' -^ ^'
Cecila, ii. 416.
Cenari, ii. 452.
Cere, ii.
497. 556.
Chartier, 11. 560.
Chaumone, ii.
549.
Chignan, ii. 474.
Chrittophe, iu, 64p.
St. Chriftovao de Nogueira,
ii. 208.
Clair, ii. 548.
Claire, ii. 266.
Claude, ii. 609.
Clement, ii. 4^8.
Clemente, ii. 301.
Cloud, ii. 390.
Colms Inch, iii.
434.
Columb, iii.
257.
Columbs, ibid.
Columb, iii. 425.
Columbs, iii.
157.
Combudas, ii. 207.
Conftance, iii. 3.
Cofmado, ii. 208.
Crefpin, ii.. 438.
Croix, ii. 105. iii. 640.
Crux de Caravea, ii. 296.
Cyre, r. ii.
537.
Damians, iii. 38.
Danato, iii. 170..
Dancele, iii.
^^.
Davids, iii. 407.
Demetris, ii. 133.
Denis, ii.
537.
Didier, ii. 431.
Die, ii. 542.
Diego, ii. 266.
Dicitn, ii. 415-83.
Domingo, 1. iii. 206..
de la Calzada, ii. 3 12.
Donnaas, iii. 570.
Ebbes Flead, iii. 416.
Edmundfbury, iii. 329.
Elia, iii. 201.
Elma, ii. 327.
Elmo, iii. 223.
Emmeram, v. 374.
Erafmo, I. iii. 82.
Efpin, ii. 568.
ErievandeGormas,ii.3io,
Eftevao de Faxa, ii. 193.
EftiennedeFurans,ii.549.
EufenMa, iii. 200.
Faiths, iii. 336.
Fargeaii, ii.
543.
Fc, ii. 2.93.
Fedtle,

St. Fedele, iii. 40.
Felice, iii. S^.
Felix, iii. 86.
Filippe, ii. 222.
Filippo, iii. 199.
Fiorenzo, iii. 1 1 2.
Florentin, ii, 417.
Flour, ii. 551.
.. Foi, ii. 496.
Foy, ii. 505.
Francois, ii. 408.
'—Fort, ii. 567.
Frigne, ii. 499.
Gall, iii. 742, 751.
Gauden, ii. 505.
Geminiano, iii. 125.
Genaro, iii. 170.
Gengoux le Roial, ii. 427.
GeniezdeRivedolt,ii.498.
Genis, iii. 21.
George, ii. 19.
George, ii.
93.
Georgen am See, v. 419.
Georgenfeld, v. 601.
Georges, iii. 601.
Germain la Val, ii. 550.
Germains, iii. 258.
Germano, iii. 194.
Giao, ii. 2 15,
Gille, ii. 515.
Gilies, ii.
479.
Gio in Fiore, iii. 199»
Giorgio, iii. 201.
Giovani, iii. 104. 216,
Giovanni, iii. 51.
Girons, ii. 506.
Goar, V. 60.
Gobin, ii. 398^
Guthard, ii. 52.
Grcgijrio, iii. 196.
Helena, iii. 82.
Helens, iii. 208.
Heliex, iii. 289.
Hillario, ii. 329.
Hiob, ii. 1 :?3.
Hipolyte, ii. 60?.
Hippolic, ii. 603.
Honorar, u. 454.
I N D E x;
St. Hubert, iv. 2S7.
Hupolite, ii. 480.
Jago de Compoftella,
266.
James, iii. 320.
Jbars, ii. 484.
Jean, iii. 32.
—dc Angely, ii. 508.
deBoLirnay, ii. 441.
de Luz, ii. 503.
de Laone, ii. 422.
de Maurien, iii. 22.
ii.
Pie de Port, ii. 489.
Ildephonle, ii. 303.
Joao, ii. 232.
de Arcus, ii. 207.
Bautifta, ii. 207.
de Dios, ii. 200.
de Foz, ii. 194.
de Gufete, ii. 229.
de Monte, ii. 207.
de Pafqueira, ii. 209.
de Pico, ii. 234.
de Rey, ii. 192.
Johann, v. gß.
Johannes, ii. 22.
John, V. 420.
Johns im Pougau,v. 32 i.
Johns town, iii. 437. 44:2.
Joiie, iii. 20.
Joi, ii. 133.
Jorge, ii. 127-
Joigen, iv. 180.
Irier de la f erche, ii. 5^6.
Juan, ii. 28?.
Ives, iii.
255, 342.
Juiiao, ii. 215.
Julien, ii. 609.
Junien, ii. $55-
Jurgtn, i 114.
JurgcuiVrg, i. 137.
Jufte, li.
499.
Jullin, ii. 501.
Knur, i. 116.
Lacandro, iii. 206.
Laurence, iv. 238.
Laurent, ii. 455-82.
Leo, iii. 146.
St. Leonard, ii. 556.
Leou, ii. 531.
Leu, ii. 389.
Liebault, ii. 41 1.
Lizier, ii. 506.
Lorenzo, iii. 152. 170.
197.
Louis, ii.
575.
Lourenzo, ii. 215.
Lucar de Guadicena, ii.
281.
la Mayor, ii. 282.
de Barrameda, ii. 284.
Lucea, iii. 113. 213.
Maixant, ii. 511.
Malo, ii. 5 «9.
Marcelin, ii. 441.
Marco, iii. 199. 205.213.'
Marcoul, ii. 388.
Margarechen, ii. 45.
Margerita, iii. 40.
Margherita, iii. 223.
Marguerta, ii.
454.
Maria, I. ii. 135.
Maria di Leuca, iii, 203^-
Maria, de Mugalon, ii.
318.
Maria de real de la Rieva,
ii. 309.
Maria Portiuncula, iii.
153-
MariadellaSuerte,iii. 104.
MariadeTindarOjiii. 215.
Maria, ii. 491.
MariadelleGratie,iii.i26.
Maries, I. iii. 258.
Marinha, ii. 211.
Marino, iii. 175-6.
Martha de Bouro, ii. 198.
Martin, ii. 266.
Martin, ii 269, iii, 3.3.
Cabo, ii. 298.
Martins, ii. 511.
Martino, iii. 35, 63..
Martino, iii. 27.
Martenho de Mourao,
ii. 208.
Martcnlzcll, v. 172.
Mar coys

.
St. Mai'tory, ii. 506.
Maiy, iii. 256.
Mary's, ii. 284.
Matheo, ii. 300,
Maudjts, iii. 256.
Maura, ii. 160.
Maurice, i. 21. 220.

.
Salfeldcn,
Sakmarfk, i, 480,
Sala, i. 324.
Salamanca, ii. 276,
Salarhea de la, Seren:^, ii,
208.
Salampria, r. ii. 141.
Salanchc, iii. 20.
Salandra, iii. 199.
Salberg, i. 324.
Salda, r. i. 472.
Saldagna, ii. 275.
Salder, vi. 340.
Salee, v. 22.
Salerni, iii. 216.
Salerno, iii. 196,
Salers, ii. 552.
v. 320.
Saiga, ii. 38.
Salice, iii. 92.
Salinas, ii. 272,
Cape, ii. 327.
Salini, iii. 218.
Salins, ii. 609.
Salir do Matto, ii. 219.
do Porto, ii. 218.
Salifbury, iii. 280.
Salland, iii. 542.
Salle, vi. 189.
Sailing in Funen, i. 115,
in Jutland, i. 129.
Salm, ii. 586. iv. 285, v.
84-5..
Salmanfweil, v. 242.
Salmbach, ii. 600.
Salmunfter, v. 22.
Salo, iii. 90.
Salobregna, ii. 294.
Salon, ii.
447.
Salona, ii.
99.
Salonichi, ii.
137.
Salpe, iii. 205.
Salfa, iii.
23-
SalÜKlella, ii. 300.
Salfes, ii. 486.
Salfo, iii. 58, 211.
Salt, ii.
437.
Saltafh, iii. 258.
Süken, i. 204.
\'üL. VI.
INDEX,
Saltfleer, iii. 37a,
Saltholm, i.
95.
Salto della Serva, iii. 127,
Salton, i. 465.
Salifl)om, i. 204.
Saltwood caftle, iii. 305,
Salvaterra, ii. 212.
de Magos, ii. 221.
Salve tat, ii. 496,
Salurn, iv". 235.
Saluzzo, iii.
^5'
Salzburg, v. 313,
Salzdallum, vi. 336.
Salz der Helden, vi.
Salvatierra, ii. 26y--/ 2-317-
zy^-
Salze, vi. 179.
Ungen, v. 470.
Salz Hemmendorf, vi. 310,
Ufslen, iv. 452.
Salzwedel, v. 642.
Samara, i. 4.64.
Samaria, ii. 21.
Samarowfk, i. 510.
Sambek, ii. 41.
Samblancay, ii. 562.
Samblanceau, iv. 519.
Samborg, i. 609.
Sambokret, ii. 24.
Sambuca la, iii. 216.
Sambura la, ibid.
Samcona, ii. 126.
Sameland, i. 341.
Samenolmai, i. 341,
Samland, i.
544.
Sammatan, ii. 506.
Samoen, iii. 20.
Samogitia, i. 625.
Samogyrar, ii. §0.
Samondraclii, I. ii. 147.
Samowa, i. 465.
Sampigni, ii. 590.
Samfoe, i. 105.
Samuans, ii. 608.
Sanalria, ii.
275,
Sancerre, ii.
ßßg.
Sanci, il. 587.
Sancourt, ii. 402
Sanczurfk, i. 482.
5I
Sanda, I. iii,
432,
Sandud, i.
365.
Sandao, r. ii. 222.
Sandau, vi. 187.
Sandbach, iii.
383,
Sande, ii. 208.
Sandecz, i. 602.
Sandefiord, i. 1S7.
Sanderfleben, vi. 103.
Sanddown caftle, iii. 307.
Sandfoot caftle, iii. 265.
Sandgate caftle, iii. 305.
Sandhamn, i.
314.
Sanditten, i. 548.
Sandmare, i. 322.
Sandoe, I. i. 214-85.
Sandomil, ii. 207.
Sandomir, i. 603.
Sandown caftle, iii. 288.
Sandivard, i. 185.
Sandwich, iii.
307.
Sanfins, ii. 208.
Sangatte, ii. 405.
Sangerhaufen, v. 559.
Sanguefa, ii. 314.
Sanguinedo, iii. 85.
Sanife, iii. 199.
Sanok, i. 609.
Sanperi, iii. 213.
Santa cruz, ii. 237-8.
de Riba Samega, ii. 192.
Santatiere, iii. 131.
SantarenSjii. 221.
Santelma, ii. 327.
Sant fa, iii. 27.
Santiao di Cafem, ii. 223.
Santillana, ii. 269.
Santo Dio, ii. 213.
Santogna, ii. 269.
Santok, i. 589.
Santorin, I. ii. i r^y.
Santvliet, iv. 275.
Saone, r. ii. 574.
Sa Ofms, ii. 1 -;
Saorgio, iii
Sapienze ie, I. ii.
459.
Saponur.i, "in' ; :^'r ^ r
Saptaa, h. i.
Sa.'-a^ozza
-

,
Scheervvciler,
iSaMgozza, ii. 315.
Sarajio, ii. 122,
Sarali,
ibid.
Saranfk, i. 481»
Sarapul, ibid.
Saratow, ibid,
Sarbourg, ii. 584.
Sarbruck, ibid.
Sarburg, iv. 548.
Sarcow, I. i. 414.
Sardic, ii. 126.
Sardinia, iii. 41.
Sardoal, ii. 221.
Sargans, iii. 715-6.
Sarijiolc, ii. 138.
Saris, i. ^6ß.
Sark, iii. 290.
Sarkau, I. i. 414, 546.
Saike, ii.
33.
Sarkerelztur, ii. 48.
Sarlat, ii.
495.
Sarnen, iii. 663.
Sarno, iii. 196.
Saro, ii. 158.
Saros, ii. 60.
Sarpen, i. 190-92.
Sarpfburg, i. 192.
Sarrancolin, ii. 504.
Sarreal, ii. 322.
Sarria, ii. 267.
Sarfina, iii. 104. 146.
Sarfkoefeio, i. 43c.
Saifuela,
Ü..203.
Sarte, r. ü. 534.
Sartene,. iii. 1 14.
Sarvar, ii. 53.
Sarvitza, ii. 138.
Sarum, iii. 280.
Sarwerden, ii. 585.
Sarzana,. iii. 104.
Sarzedas, ii. 211.
Safellas, iii. 105.
Saflco, ii. 33.
Safflilbo, iii. 126,
Saflari, iii. 42.
Saflello, iii. 105.
SafTenage, ii. 437.
SafTctiberg, iv. 323.
INDEX.
Scandiano, iii. 64.
Saflb, ii, 61.
Scandcrburg, i. 132 •34'
ii, 5^9.
SalTuola, iii. 63.
Scarba, I. iii. 425.
Saftago, ii. 315.
Scarborough, iii.
392.
Saftmola, i. ^6^,
Scardona, ii. 105.
Saiz, iii.
797.
Scarena la, iii.
35.
Satagunda, i. 365.--
Scarewallh, iii. 436.
Satao, ii. 207.
Scarlino, iii. 132.
Satiilans, ii. 442.
Scaro, ii. 158.
Satoralja, ii. 61.
Scarpanto, ii. 157.
Satuans, iii. 198.
Scarpe, r. ii. 396.
Satterup, '} i53-
Scarperia, iii. 126.
Saturnii, iii. 131.
Scavn, i. 126.
Satzig, vi, 91,
Scepus, i. 603.
Saucitanges, ii,
554,
Schaafftadt, v. 622,
Saudre, r. ii. 558.
Schaaken, i. 545.
Sauer, r. ii. 594.
Schackenburg, i. 141.
Save, r. ii. 87.
Schad, i.
139,
Saverdiin, ii. 484,
Schaffhaufen, iii. 691-2.
Savigliario, iii. 30.
Schafheim, v. 108.
Savignane, iii. 145.
Scliagarca, i. 471.
Savine, ii. 438.
Schaicanfkie, i. 503.
Sauion, ii. 510.
Schalaginfkoy, i. ^i^-
Saulieu, ii. 425.
Schalfik, iii. 780.
Sauk, ii. 45872.
Schalkau, vi. 40.
Saumur, ii. ß66.
Scham, i. 1 16.
Savona, iii. 105.
Schandau, v. 576.
Savournin, ii. 460.
Schanis, iii. 710.
Savoy, iii. 15.
Scharding, v. 341.
Saufenberg, v. 223,
Schaifenftein, ii. 22.
Sauvel, ii, 50,2-
Scharkioi, ii. 126.
Sauveterre, ii. 490-99. Scharmbeck, vi. 222.
Saux, ii. 422.
Scharnitk, iv. 232.
Sauzort, ii. 522.
Scharzfeld, vi. 278.
Sawolax, i. 362.
Schaflin, ii. 2-^.
Saxkiobing, i. 121.
Schatfk, i. 466.
Sax Lauenburg, vi. 436. Schauen, vi. 475.
Saxmundham, iii. 332. Schauenburg, ii. 583. iv,
Saxony Upper, v. 526.
434. v. 13. vi. 49.
Sa.xony Lower, vi. 171. Schauenftein, v. 421.
Sayda, v. 598.
Schaumberg, iv. 1S2.
Sayn, ii. 523, iv. 428. Schaumburg, v. 149.
Sborow, i. 604.
Schauna, i. 187.
Scagnas, i. 204.
Schedrin, i.
479-
Scala, iii. 92, 196.
ScLcel, i. 135.
Scaletta, iii. 214.
Scheelfborg, i. 114.
Scalloway, iii. 433.
Scheen, v. 268. r. ii. ^^4^
Scandalak, i. 551.
Scheeren the, i. 313.
Scheiben^

.
Scheibenberg, V. 607.
Scheibs, iv. 170.
Schcinfeld, v. 397.
SchekiVia, r. i. 451. .
Scheide, r. iv. 290.
Schelelenca, r. i. 472.
Schelefinfk, i. 508.
Scheldnie, i. 503.
Schellcnberg, v. 334, 598.
Schelnora, i. 319.
Schemnitz, iii.
^S-
Scheinte, ii. 23.
Schening, vi. 340-42-44.
Schenkenberg, iii. 622.
Scheppinftedt, vi. 237'
Scherenberg, vi. 121,
Scherpenheuvel, iv. 268.
ScherpenilTe, iii. 523.
Schefburg, ii. 85.
Schefhminfk, i. 481.
SchelTup, r. i. 529.
Schefterkow, i. 482.
Scheveling, iii. 501.
Schezlitz, v. 295-
Schiedam, iii. 490.
Schieggia, iii. 147.
Schieland, iii. 508.
Schierling, v. 346.
Schierftein, v. 94.
Sehievelbein, vi. 15.
Schiida, v. 58.
Schildfche, iv. 171.
Schilk, r. i.
474.
Schilling der, iii. 513.
Schiltach, v. 200.
Schio, iii. 88.
Schippen Geil, i. 552.
Sehipping, i. 105.
Schirmek, ii. 598.
Schirwind, i. 561.
Schiich, r. i. 472.
Schkeuditz, v. 621.
Schlackenwald, iv. 92.
Schlackcnwcrth, ibid.
Schianderz, iv. 257.
Schlangenbad, v. 62.
Schlatten, ii. 82.
Schlauitedt, vi. 360.
INDEX.
Schlaux, i. 149.
Schlawentitz, vi. 594.
Schleidcn, iv. 506.
Schleiz, vi. 155.
Schlenaken, iv. 498.
Sclilcnkflengfeld, v, 78.
Schletftat, ii. ßg'^,
Sclilcttau, V. 604.
Schlies, i. 159.
Schlitz, vi. 505.
Schlobitten, i.
558.
Schlodien, ibid.
Schloffberg, ii. 19.
Schlofzhof, iv. I
74.
Schluchtern, v. 106.
Schluckup, vi. 457.
SchlufTelburg, iv. 356.
Schullelfeld, v. 406.
Schmaalekne, i. 184.
Schmalenberg. iv. 572.
Schmalkalden, v. 472.
Schmidburg, iv. 549.
Schmidmuhl, v. 362.
Schmiedeberg, v. ^^6-^6,
vi- 555-
.
Schmoger, vi. 540.
Schmollen, vi. ßß.
Schmolnitz, ii. 58.
Schnairbach, v. 255'
Schnatthorft, iv. 355.
Schneeberg, v. 605.
Schnecken, ii. 561.
Schockland, iii. 514.
Schockwitz, vi. 139.
Schodborg, i. 136.
Schoeberry, iii. 224.
Schonau, iv. 248. vi.
555.
Schonbach, iv. 92.
Schonberg, i. 156. iv. 550.
v. 349. vi. 450.
Schonborg, I. i. 136.
Schonebeck, vi. 183.
Schoneck, v. 614.
Schonek, i. 637.
Schonen, i. 289.
Schonenwerth, iii. 690.
Schonewalde, v. 548.
Schonfeld, iv. 92.
Schongau, v. 337.
Schon Ice, i. 646. v. 371.
Schonftcin, v. 51,
Sclioonhoven, iii. 491.
Schöpfen, v. 223.
.Schorndfjrf, v. 187.
Schotcrland, iii.
ß29'
Schotten, v. 6ß.
Schoubye, i, 118.
Schouwen, iii. 521.
Schraplaw, vi. 137.
Schreiberfhau, vi. ßß6.
Schrunden, i. 662.
Schufflich, iv. 32.
Schumberg, iv. 104.
Schurgaft, vi. 592.
Schuflenried, v. 252.
Schutt the, ii. 21.
Schuttenhofen, iv. 8.
Schuttorf, iv. 459.
Schwabeck, v. 272.
Schwaben, v. 337.
Schwabmunchen, v. 168.
Schwablledt, i. 157.
Schwammendingen, iii. 602
Schwan, vi. 383.
Schwanden, iii. 671.
Schwandorf, v. 362.
Schwanebeck, vi. 359.
Schwanfen, i. 165.
Schwartzburg, iv. 113.
Schwarzach, v. 406, 407.
Schwarzenberg, v. 473.
Schwarzenborn, v. 51.
Schwarzenburg, v. 604.
Schwarzenfelt, iv. 352.
Schwarzenfcjs, v. 107.
Schwarzhofen, v. 353.
Schwartzwald or the Black
foreß, V. 151. vi. 49.
Schwarz Zella, vi. 49.
Schwatz, iv. 232.
Schwcidnitz, vi. 546-7.
Schweina, v. 470.
Schweinfurt, v. 524.
Schweinitz, iv. 84.
Schwciniterg, v. 56.
Schwelm, iv. 3.
Sthwentzar^

.
ochwciitziir, i, ^40,
Schwerdtberg, V. ^6,
Schwerin, vi. 1 6Ö,' ^76, ^ So.
-
449-
'
Schwerte, iv. 787.
Schwetz, i. 6^S.
Sciara," iii. 217.
Sciatho, ii. 14S.
Sciglio, iii. 261.
Scilly, iii, 258.
Sciro, ii. 149.
Sclafani, iii. 217.
Sclavonia, ii. 87.
Scone, iii. 426.
Scop.3mene, iii. 1 14.
Scordia, iii. 214.
Scotland, iii. 415.
Scratadile, iii. 427.
Scupi, ii. 124.
Scutari, ii. 139.
Sczebizelzin, i. 608.
Sczerzye, i. 596.
Sdili, I. ii. 152.
Seaton, iii. 417.
Seaux, ii. 382.
Sebenico, ii. 98.
Sebes, ii. 60.
Sebnitz, v. §y6.
Secca, ii. 208.
Secchia, r. iii. 61.
Sechi Sigeth, ii. 51.
Seckau, iv. 196.
Seckbach, v. 105.
Seckingen, iv. 249.
Seelen, ii. 568.
Scda, ii. 229.
Sedan, ii. 419.
Sedivin, ii. 209.
Sedenhorft, iv. 323.
Seebergen, vi. 125.
Seeburg, i. 6^^.
.Seedork, vi. 443.
Seekhauien, vi. 183.
Seekirchen, v. 319.
Seelburg, i. 665,
Seeland, I. i. 84.
Seelo, V. 673.
Seels, 304.
INDEX.
Seefen, vi. 347-8.
Seeftedt, i. 164.
Seetia, ii. 157.
Seevenborrcn, iv. 271.
Seewald, i.
555.
Seez, ii.
553.
Scgadaens, ii. 2o5.
Segorve, ii.
299.
Segovia, ii.
309.
Segre, r. ii.
319.
Segura, ii. 212-72.
de la Sierra, ii. 301.
r. ii. 295.
Seheflien, i.
^^^.
Seidcnftatt, vi. 43.
Seiglftrup, i. 123.
Seignelay, ii. 434.
Seiile, r. ii.
574.
Seine, r. ii.
334.
Seinflieim, v. 507.
Sdra, ii. 319.
Seifiel, ii, 429.
Seiflen, v. 598.
Seittenftotten, iv. 171.
Seixa, ii, 232.
Seixo, ii. 211.
Selanger, i.
334.
Sell, V. 423.
Selboe, i. 202.
Selby, iii. 381.
Selency, I. i. 414.
Selenginn

Scrra la, Hi. 1 13, 641.
Capiiola, iii. 206.
Dicalfo,
ibid.
Serravalla, iii. 27-151.
Serrei, i. 564.
Serres, ii.
439.
Serva, ii. 192,
Servia, ii. 122. iii. 145.
Sefia, r. iii. 25.
SefTa, iii. 193.
Sefiau, i. 664.
SefTole, iii. 36.
Sefta, iii. 104.
Sefto, ii. 134. iii. 49.
Seftola, iii. 6^.
Seflri di Levante, iii. 104.
Ponente, iii. 105.
Sethia, ii. 155.
Seton Cockenny, iii. 417.
'Sette, ii. 575.
Velias, ii. 169.
Settenil, ii. 294.
Settevicone, iii. 27.
Settia, ii. 157.
Settle, iii. 384.
SetLival, ii 222.
Setzins, i. 604.
Sevebierg, i. 202.
Sevenacli, iv. 380.
Sevennes, ii. 462.
Sevenoak, iii. 313.
Sever, ii. 207.
Severac leChatteaii, ii.
949.
reglife,
ibid.
Scverien, i. 461. 602.
Severin, ii. 164.
Severn, iii. 228.
Severus's Wall, iii. 421.
Seville, ii. 281.
Seure, ii. 422.
Sewa, i. 325.
Sewelanga, r. i. 290.
Sext, iii. 22.
Seyda, v. 547.
Seyne, ii. 452.
Sezane, iii.
34.
Sezanne, ii. 418.
Sezembra, ii. 223.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Sezembre, ii. 520.
Sezulfe, ii. 198.
Sezze, iii. i
y^.
Sfaccia, ii.
139,
Sfachia, ii. 156.
Sliaftefbüry, iii. ^6^.
Shannon, r. iii. 438.
Shap, iii, 401.
Shapinflia, iii. 432.
Shapnofe Caftlc, iii. 288.
Shattfk, i. 466.
Shcals, iii.
^gg.
Sheernefs, iii.
309.
Sheffield, iii.
387.
Shefford, iii.
343.
Shelaly, iii. 436.
Shelburne, iii. 436.
Shette, iii.
437.
Shilli logar, iii.
437.
Shenkurlli, i.
449.
Shepey, iii. 309.
Shepholms, iii. 276.
SherboLirn, iii. 381.
Shetland, iii.
433.
Sheilds, iii.
395.
Shereburn, iii. 268.
Shoeberry nefs, iii. 324.
Shonberg, vi. 551.
Shoreham, iii. 300,
Shrewfbury, iii. 381.
Shropfliire, iii. 380.
Shroule, iii.
443.
Shrowle, iii.
439.
Siaffa Longa, iii. 113.
Sibbo, i. 371.
Siberia, i. 4S3.
Sichelburg, ii.
g^.
Sichen, iv. 268.
Sicily, L iii. 409.
Siculiana, iii. 216.
Sicyon, ii. 145.
Sidmouth, iii. 263.
Sidova, ii. 164.
Siebeneichen, vi. 558.
Siebenlehn, v. 600.
Siebenlinden, ii.
59.
Siedenburg, iv. 480.
Siegberg, iv. 409,
5 K
Siegen, iv. 412,
Siegfriedfquellc, i. 318.
Siemiatyclze, i. 606.
S'.ena, iii. 130.
Sier, r. iii. 16.
Sierpecz, i.
ßgj.
Sierra la, ii. 301.
Sierra d'AIcaraz, ii. 224.
Molina, ii. 244.
d'Occa, ii. 244.
Sieva, r. iii. 1
19.
Siewierz, i. 602.
Siewlk, i. 465.
Sigean, ii.
474.
Siggewara, i. 360.
Sigmaringen, v, 227.
Signaed, iii. 627.
Sigtana, i. 315.
Siguenza, ii. 309.
Sihun, r. 470.
Sikino, I. ii. 154.
Siklos, ii.
49.
Silandowo, i. 481.
Silberberg, vi. 545.
Silefia, vi. 51 1.
Silianfors, i. 329.
Siliftri, ii. 127.
Silkeborg, i. 132.
Sille, ii.
525.
Sillery, ii. 414.
Silftedt, vi. 145.
Simaneds, ii. 275.
Simbirk, i. 481.
Simenfberg, i. 227.
Simeljiauer, i. 358.
Simmem, v. 27.
Simon Thurn, ii. 49.
Simorre, ii. 505.
Simpach, v. 344.
Sinagra, iii. 213.
Sinara, r. i. 472.
Sinbirlk, i. 481.
Sinde, ii 207.
Smdelfingen, v. 19S.
Sindim, ii. 209.
Sindringen, v. 402.
Sinegaglia, iii. 146.
Sines, ii. 226.
Sinew,

.
Sinew, ii. 317.
Sinfaons, ii. 4^2.
Sing, ii. 85.
Singavvena, r. i. 428.
Sinopoli, iii. 201.
Sinzheim, iv. 583.
Sinzig, iv. 406.
Sio, i. 319.
Sioholm, i. 322.
Siomiiii, r. ii. 139.
Sion, h. iii. 327, iii. 798.
Sioring, i. 128,
Siofa, i. 322.
Sioftad,
ibid.
Sip, ii. 123.
Sips, ii.
54.
Siphanto, I. ii. 152.
Siphno, I. ii. 152.
Sira, I. ii. 152.
Siraciife, iii. 214.
Sirac, i.
591,
Siratfch, ii, 91,
Sirilfgorod, i. 456.
Sirkas, i. 350.
Sirmione, iii. 87.
Siro, I. ii. 152.
Sirque, ii. 5S3.
Sifeby, i. 165.
Sifert, r. i. 472.
Siffek, ii. 87.
Sifta, r. i. 428.
Sifteron, ii. 456,
Sitanflvoi, i. 522..
Sittard, iv. 403.
Sittingbourn, iii. 309.
Sivrana, ii. 322.
Sixfours, ii. 452.
Skaale, i. 214.
Skaaliholdt, i. 226-28.
Skaftefield, i. 228.
Skagafiold, i. 226.
Skagen, i. 126. 203.
Skagernhack, i. 126.
bkal, i. 6z6.
Skalife, iv. yG.
Skanderborg, i. 132.
Skanderburg, i. 123.
Skanclaholm, i, 3 19.
INDEX.
Skanoe, i. 300.
Skaptafel, i. 228.
Skara, i. 291.
Skaraborg,
ibid.
Skarsfield, i. 202.
Skaiigna, i. 203.
Skavn, i. 126.
Skaw-cape, i. 123.
Skeidraah, i. 228.
Skelleftea, i. 340.
Skelmaliere, iii. 436.
Skena, r. i. 275.
Skenas, i. 276.
Skeninge, ibid.
Skepfliamn, i.
334.
Skiaalfandafliot, r. i. 225.
Skialewad, r. i. 338.
Skieen, i. 187.
Skiefkior, i. 109.
Skiern, r. i. 124, 37.
Skierniewice, i. 592.
Skierrove, i. 211.
Skinofa, I. ii. 154.
Skiofde, i. 292.
Skion, i.
334.
Skipping, I. 105.
Skipton, iii. 384.
Skiffytta, i. 329.
Skive, i. 131.
Skivehuns, i. 129, 30.
Skodny, v. 592.
Skogklofter, i. 317.
Skogn, i. 203.
Skognao, i. 202.
Skrcene, iii. 438.
Skrida, i. 228.
Skula, i.
337.
Skumagin, i. 524.
Skuoe, I. i. 214.
SkuttiJsfiordur, i. 231.
Skye, I. iii. 430.
Siagelfe, i. job'.
Slagf, i. 137.
Slan, iv. gcj.
Slane, iii. 438-9.
.Slangerup, i.
^y.
Slawe, vi. g^.
Slawkow, i. 602.
Sleaford, iii,
372.
Slegi, iii.
443.
Slelwick, i. 142-61.
Slec, i. 128.
Siewmarge, iii. 438.
Slewwardagh, iii.
444.
Slitehamn, i. 2S6.
Slonin, i. 621
Slocen, iii,
535.
Slottfladagarden, i. 286.
Sloujanka, r. i. 428.
Slowiankoi, i.
445.
Sjuchau, i, 638.
Sjuck, i, 616. 22.
Sluckau, i, ß^y.
Siuen, ii.
93.
Sluis, iii. ß6g.
Siupeez, i. 605,
Smaland, i. 278,
Smale-comte, iii,
445.
Smila, i. 612.
Smiths found, i. 245.
Smoland, i. 27S.
Smolenfko, r. i. 428-57.
Smorum, i. 85.
Sna, r. i. 466.
Snafellfnefs, i. 230.
Snath, iii. 387.
Sneek, iii.
534.
Sneethham, iii.
3^7.
Sniatyn, i. 610,
Soalhaens, ii. 194.
Soana, iii. 154.
Sobernheim, v. 29,
Sobieflaw, iv. 84.
Sobor, r. ii. 197.
Sobral de Monte Agraeo,
ii. 217,
Sobrarbe, ii. 319.
Sobrofa, ii. 201.
Sochaezow, i. 592.
Socherund, i. 85.
Sockjock, i.
359.
Sockzovva, ii. 166.
Sodcrhamn, i. 332.
Soderkioping, i. 276.
Sodertalge, i. 322.
Sodomiura, iii. 105.
Soeborg,

Soeborg, i,
99.
Soen, i. 129.
Soefdyke, iii. 530.
Soeft, iv. 397.
Soham, iii. 340.
Sohlen, vi. i8o.
Soiflbns, ii. 316.
Sokal, i. 613.
Solanto, iii. 217.
Solarol'a, iii. 42.
Soldau, i. 554.
Soldin, vi. 10.
Soltatara, iii. 189.
Solferino, iii. 67.
Solfwitzborg, i. 308.
Solidor, ii. 520.
Solignac, ii. 483.
Solilcamfkaia, i. 482.
Solingen, iv. 408.
Soller, ii. 327.
Sollnhofen, v. 445.
Solloer, i. 189.
Solms, V. III.
Sologne, ii. 542.
Solothurn, iii. 686.
Solowefkoi, i. 448.
Solfona, ii. 323.
Soltau, vi. 268.
Solweitftregotzk, i.
449.
Somborn, v. 107.
Somerfetfliire, iii. 269.
Somerton, iii. 242.
Somieres, ii.
479.
Somlyo, iii. 68, 83.
Soinmc, i. loi. ii. 401.
Sommerda, iv. 536.
Sommerfeld, iv. 19.
Sommerhaulen, v. 506.
Sommerfchanburg, vi. 182.
Son, ii. 4S4.
Soncino, iii. 51.
Sonderburg, i. 151,
Sonderhauien, vi. 121.
Sondezlyng, i. 129,
Sondcrmore, i. 200.
Sondrio, iii. 784.
Sonnberg, iv. 90. 240. vi.
4K
INDEX.
Sonenburg, iv. 232. vi. 17.
Sonnenteld, vi. 44.
j
Sore, Ii. 503.
Souliieres, ii. 4.53. iii. 23.
Sonncv/ald, v. 549.
Soure, ii. 218.
Sonfbein, iv. 377.
Sourge, r. ii.
445.
Sonhof'en, v. 169,
Soutello, ii. 209.
Sonrra, v. 58.
Souteraine, ii.
555.
Sophia, ii. 126.
Southam, iii. 365.
Sophienberg, i.
Southampton, iii.
97.
286.
Sophien magda lenenkoeg, Southmoulton, iii. 260.
i- 157-
South Peiherton, iii. 272.
Soprana, iii. 214.
Soutliwark, iii. 321, 397.
Sora, iii. 194.
Southwell, iii.
275-
Soraggio, iii. ß^.
Southwould, iii. 332.
Soragna, iii. 58.
Souto, ii. 193.
Sorelma, iii. 51.
de Rlbeira de Hörnern^
Soreze, ii. 471,
Sorgenfrey, i. 96.
Souvigni, ii.
547,
Sori, iii. 103.
Souzel, ii. 227.
Soria, ii. 312.
Sowerby, iii.
394.
Soriano, iii. 201.
Spacca Furno, iii. 215,
Sorn, iii. 112.
Spain, ii. 241.
Soroe, i. 107.
Spalatro, ii. 100.
Soroka, ii. 166.
Spalding, iii. 371.
Soronza, iii. 1 13.
Spandau, v. 659.
Soroftinflvoy, i. 448. Spangenberg, v. 43.
Sorr, r. ii.
593.
Spane raid, i. 195.
Sogr, iv. 74.
Spanheim, v. 79, 82.
Sorronte, ii. 192.
Spantiko, vi. 85.
Sorron, ii.
535.
Sparbygia, i. 204.
Soriele, i.
357.
Sparen berg, iv. 471.
Sortelha, ii. 212.
Sparefund, i. 282.
Soru, ii. 112.
Spatza, ii. 21.
Sorvaag, i. 214.
Spello, iii. 153.
Sorunzu, iii. 1 14;
Spennazola, iii. 198.
Sos, ii. 317.
Sperdillen, i. 1S8.
Sofa, V. 607.
Sperello, iii. 152.
Soi'na, i. 412.
Sperlinga, iii. 214.
Sofpello, iii. ^5.
Spetia, iii. 104.
Sofwa, i. 471.
Spezzano, iii. 63,.
Sofznitzowitz, vi. 594. Spiegelberg, iv. 488..
Sotto, ii. 209.
Spielberg, v. 237.
de Rebordaens, ii. 193. Spiez, V. 51.
Sovana, iii. 131.
Spigno, iii. ^6.
Sovar, ii. 60.
Spilaraberto, iii. 6 2.
Soubife, iL 51 l.
Spilimhergo, iii. 93.
Sovcreirafürmofa, Ü. 22Ci Spiiiby,. iii. 372.
Souillac, ii. 497.
Spina Longa, ii. 157-
Souillieres, ii.. 587. Sgixdißgy

Spirding, 1. f^6g.
Spires, v. lo, 144.
Spithead, iii. 285.
Spolet, iii. 152-3.
Spolofchenflcajia, i. 518.
Sponek, ii. 604.
Sprendlingen, v. 121.
Sprince, vi. 308.
Sproe, i. 116.
Spiirnhead, iii.
389.
Squilace, iii. 200-1.
Squinzano, iii. 203.
Sroda, i.
589.
Sdieken, iv. 86.
Staatenhoeck, i. 243.
Staberholz, i. 166.
Stablauken, i. 5^0.
Stade, vi. 217, 219.
Staden, vi. jio.
Stadt am Hof, v, 347.
Stadtberg, iv. 362, 257-
Stadthagen, iv. 436-7.
StafFarda, iii.
35.
Staffelflein, v. 296.
Staffio, i; 220.
Staffis, iii. 684.
Stafford, iii. 378.
—— fhire, ibid.
Staffort, v. 221.
Staggra, iii. 125.
Stagno, ii. 105.
Staines, iii. 323.
Stainthorp, iii.
395.
Stalimene, I. ii. 148.
Stalleupehnen, ii. 324.
Stambs, iv. 233.
Stamford, iii. 370.
Stampala, I. ii. 157.
Slanar, iii. 307.
Standia, I. ii. 157.
Standon, iii.
345.
Stanengo, iii. 91.
Stanes, iii. 323.
Stang, r. i. 275.
Stanhope, iii.
295-
Stanidawow, i. 610.
Stanley, iii.
357.
Stanton, iii. 372,
INDEX.
Stapelburg, vi. 447.
Stapclholm, i. 162.
Staraia l^adoga, i. 443,
Stara-PLemina, h. ii. 125.
Staraia-Ruila, i.
444.
Starby, i. 278.
Scargard, i. C:}"/. vi. 89,
387, 388.'
Starigard, ii. ^6.
Starodup, i. 461.
Stasfurt, vi. 181.
Stat, i. 200.
Stato della Chiefii, iii. 132.
de Gli Prefidii, iii.
di L.andi, iii.
ßg.
Pallavicino, iii.
59.
Statt, i. 271.
Stats Iiav. i. 200.
Stavenger, i, 196.
Stavenghagen, vi. 302.
Staveniffe, iii. 523.
Stavercn, iii.
535.
Stavern, i. 157.
Stauffenberg, V. 63. vi. 34S.
Stedeland, i. 163.
Steenbergen, iii. 561,462.
Steenhammer, i. 323.
Steeninge, i. 319.
Steenwigfholm, i. 203.
Steenwyk, iii.
545,
Stefft, V. 448.
Stege in Den. i. 112.
in Norv/. i. 204.
Stegeborg, i. 276.
Stegeholm, i. 281.
Stegers, ii. 567.
Stegeftrand, i. 116.
Steilhubb, v. 233.
Stein, V. 8. vi. 159.
Steinach, iii.
494.
Stein am Anger, ii. 52.
—— am Rhein, iii. 609.
Steinau, v. 106. vi. §66.
Steinbach, v. 62, 217.
Steinfurt, iv. 361.
Steinhauler, vi. 267.
Steinheid, vi. 40.
Steinheim, iv. 318, 526.
V. 191.
Steinhorlt, vi. 261, 443.
Stein hudtr, iv. 437.
Steinort, i. 551.
Steinftein, v. 371.
Stemmwederbcrg, iv, i;^g.
211; 255-
Stenar, iii.
307.
Stenay, Ii. 576.
Stendal, v. 641,
Stepanowze, ii. 166.
Stepenitz, vi. 91.
Sterling, iii. 421.
Sternberg, iv. 454. vi. 15.
377-
Stetten, vi. 30.
Stettin, vi. 82.
• new, vi. 91.
Steven, i. 1 1 1,
Stevenage, iii.
343.
Stevenfwaard, iii. 568.
Slevn, i. III.
Stevnfklint, i. 112,
Steyerberg, iv. 480.
Steyning, iii. 301.
Steyr, iv. 183.
Steyrech, iv, 107.
Stezyez, i. 604.
Stibes, ii. 144.
Stiernholm, i. 278.
Stiernorp, i. 278.
Stiernlbnd, i. 328.
Stigliano, iii. 199.
Stillfried, iv. 174.
Stilo, iii. 201.
Stilton, iii. 362.
Stiordola, i. 203.
Stiria, iv. 188.
Stirling, iii. 421.
Stockenay, ii. 283.
Stocken, vi. 302.
Stotkefly, iii. 394.
Stockholm, i. 310.
Stockport, iii. 384.
Stockton, iii.
394.
Scoffring, i. 132.
Stoffringaard,

Stoffringaard, i. 132,
Stülherg, V. 604.
Stolbüo;i, i.
444.
Sc(j1, vi. 85.
Stollberg, vi. 139. 141.
Stollliofli-n, V. 218.
Sculpemeiide, vi. 33.
Stolpen, V. 577.
Stols, vi. 94.
Stolzenau, iv. 471.
Stompha, ii. 22.
Stüne, iii. 378.
Stoney Stratford, iii. 348.
Stoos, ii. 58.
Stora Rocknen, i. 274,
Storbyn, i. ^7,-].
Stordalen, i. 203.
Scorell, r. i. 190. 194.
Streelve, I. i. 192.
Storefofen, i. 202.
Storetaarn, i. 191.
Storjungirun, i.
^iZl'
Storko, V. 680.
Stormfels, v. c^Q.
Stormont, iii. 427,
Scoroe, I. i. 197.
Storfio, 1. 336.
Sforta, ii. 159.
Stortford, iii.
345.
Stoffen, V. 554.
Stoftorp, i. 278.
Stotel, vi. 224.
Stotten, V. 286.
Stourbridge, iii. "^di.
Stow, iii. 348.
Market, iii. 330.
On the Would, iii.
Stabane, iii. 442.
Stradbally, iii. 438.
Scrakonice, iv. 85.
Stralen, iv. 288.
Stralfund, vi. 77.
Strammehl, vi. 92.
Strands, i. 231.
Strangtord, iii. 441.
Stranrawer, iii. 419.
0,5^'
Strasfburg, i. 646. li. e^(^c^.
V. 1 I.
Vol. vi.
I N D E X.
Straflo, ii. c^-j.
StraTzberg, v. 230.
Strazz Walchcn, v. 319.
Stratford upon Avon, iii.
365-
Stratluiwen, iii. 428.
Strathbogy, iii. 427-8,
Suathdee, iii. 427.
Strathdon, iii. 427.
Strathdowern, iii. 408,
Stratherin, iii. 429.
Strathern, iii. 426-9.
Strathnairn, iii. 42,
Strathnavern, iii. 431,
Strathardile, iii. 427.
Stratton, iii. 257.
Straubing, v, 347.
Straufzberg,v. 670. vi. 126.
Strebernick, ii. 122.
Strech, r ii. 162.
Strcdenhof, i. 430.
Strehia, v. 582.
Streitberg, v. 420.
Strelen, vi. 543.
Strelitz, vi. 2,'^(^.
593.
Srrelnamufa, i. 430.
Strengnas, i. 321.
Streufdorf, vi. 42.
Stridova, ii. 50.
Striegau, vi. 550,
Strielki, i. 519.
Strigowa, ii, 50.
Strindan, i. 202.
Strivali, I. ii. 159.
Stroe, i. 98.
Stromberg, iv. 323.
StromboJi, iii. 218.
Stromoe, r. i. 214.
Stromfberg, i. 371.
Stromfdal, i. 329.
Stromfhülm, i. 325.
Stromfoe, i. 185.
Stromrtad, i. 298.
Strongoli, iii. 199.
Strongyle dia, I. ii. 159.
Scronl'a, iii. 432.
Stroppen, vi. 578.
Stroud, iii. 310. ^^].
5 L
Strugebroe, i. 193.
Struxdorf, i. 159.
Strymon, r. ii.
135.
Strzelno, i.
593.
Stubbekioing, i. 122.
Stubey, iv. 237.
Stubholm, i. 306.
Scuiilingen, v. 241.
Stuhl-Weilfenburg, ii. 48.
Stuop, vi. 201.
Stum, i. 6^0.
Stumdorf, ibid.
Stupnicie, iii. 29.
Scuttgart, V. 185.
Stykifholmur, i. 230.
Stymphalis, ii. 144.
Styx, r. ii. 144,
Suanneke, i. x i'^.
Suave, iii. 87.
Suayo, ii, 193.
Subola, i, 503.
Suchonti, i. 3 12.
Suckau, i. 637.
Suda, I. ii. 155.
Sudak, ii. 172,
Sudbury, iii. 328.
Sudenburg, vi, 180.
Sudermanland, i. 319,
Suderoe, i. 143, 215.
Suderteige, i. 321.
Sudertom, ibid.
Sue], ii, 294,
Suenborg, i. 116.
Sunete, r. i. 648,
Suerrefborg, i. 198.
Suffolk, iii. 236.
Suhla, v. 460.
Suinelund, i. 191.
Suinnegarns, i. 317-
Suinoe, I. i. 213.
Sulau, vi. 590.
Sulbeck, vi. 275.
Sullah, iii. 444,
Sully, ii. 542.
Sulmona, iii, 207.
Sulow, i. 604.
Sulpice, iii. 22.
Suite, vi. 382,
SulZf

Sulz, ii. 598.
Sulz, V. 203.
Suiza, vi. ^ö-
Sulzbacli, V. 358-6^.
Sulzburg, V. 222. 378.
Sulzmath, ii. 598.
Sumboc, i. 215.
Sumeg, ii. 51.
Stnmatino, lii. 216.
Sumyn, i. 465.
Sund, i. 1 19. 201.
Sundawara, i. 360.
Sundby, i. 322.
Sundlyholm, i. 321.
Sunddal, i. 201.
Sunderland, iii.
295-
Sundewir, i. 153.
Sundfiord, i. 199.
Sundgaw, i. 264.
Sundiiolm, i. 29^3-
Sundliord, i. 197.
Sundmor, i. 20b'.
Sundfwal, i.
^33'
Sunino, iii. 173.
Suomi, i. 361.
Superque, iii. 29.
Supino, iii. 206.
SuppHngenburg, vi. 346.
Suprafl, i. 620.
Suran, ii. 23.
Suraz, i. 606,
Sure, r. ii. 432.
Siirgcres, ii. 511.
Surguc, i. 510.
Surrey, iii. 294.
Surice, iii. 649.
Surfk, i. 465-81.
Sufa, i. 465. iii. 31.
Sufanfkoi, i. 503.
Sufchkoi, i. 503.
Sufdal, i. 451.
Sufien, V. 287.
SufTes les, iii. 16.
Suflex, iii. 298.
Suftera, iii. 216.
SuRcrbeek, i. 441.
Sutherland, iii. 43Q.
Sutrij iii. 158,
INDEX.
Sutton cole Field, iii. 2^2-
Sutze, i. 536.
Suzanne, ii. 536.
Suze, ii. 536.
la RouiTe, ii.
443,
Swabach, v. 441.
Swabia, v. 150.
Swanike, i. 1 13.
Swanzey, iii. 408.
Swartelbe, i. 295.
Swartoe, i. 315.
Sweden, i. 249.
Sweaburg, i. 371,
Swenigorod, i.
455.
Sweri, r. i.
372.
Swerrftect, vi. 30.
Swiatoittoi, i.
447,
Swialk, i. 481.
Swietla, iv. 73.
Swihefchi, vi. 861
Swinoez, i. 213.
Swir, i. 414.
SwiSSERLAND, Ül. 577,
Swords, iii. 436.
Sworneek, ii. 122.
Swyafchk, i. 4S2.
Syberg, iv, 38 8.
Syckle, iv. 470.
Sygnafylke, i.
199,
Syl, r.ii. 83.
Sylec, i. 141-50.
Sylvas, ii. 207.
Sylves, ii. 233.
Syndeftetr, vi. 30.
Syra, I. ii. 152.
Syracufe, iii. 214,.
Syre, i. 195.
Syfarga, I. ii. 265.
Szabad-Szalas, ii. 43,.
Szabadka, ii.
43.
Szabadiftye, ii. 26.
Szabats, ii. 122.
Szakoks, ii. 26.
Szadek, i.
59 r.
Szadvar, ii. 86.
Szakolz, ii. 25.
Szaladin, ii. 51.
Szalankamen, ii. 90.
Szalanz, ii. 62.
Szalavar, ii. 51.
Szamos, ii. 36.
Szamos-Jalva, ii. 80.
Szaneos Uivar, ibid.
Szanto, ii. 36.
Szarvas, ii. yj.
Szarvafko, ii. 6ß,
Szafz, ii. 31.
Beyer, ii. 6y.
Bereny, ii. 66.
Szathmar-Nemmethi, ii. 6g,,
Szebeklib, ii.
^5-
Szebeny, ii. 86.
Szeged, ii. 66.
Szegefoar, ii. 85.
Szekely Hid, ii. 70.
Szekzad, ii. 49.
Szeldietra, ii, 414.
Szelift, ii. 86.
Szelitze, ii. 62.
Szelnetze, ii. 28.
Szenderow, ii. 122.
Szendro, ii. 64.
Szenitze, ii. 26.
Szent Peter, ii. 6^.
Miholy, ii. 84.
Miklos, ii. 43. 81.
Gyorgy, ii. 66.
Szentes, ibid.
Szeplak, ii. 62.
Sz.efi, ii. 61.
Szerdahely, ii. 22-60.
Szered, ii. 2 i.
Szeregyna, ii. 61.
Szerents,
ibid.
Szetfeny, ii. 2^-
Szigeth, ii. 50-68.
Szikfzo, ii. 62.
Szilagi, ii. 6S.
Szitna, ii.
34.
Szkaafany, ii, 24.
Szkalabinya, ii. 28.
Szklow, i. 623.
Szobofzlo, ii. 69.
Szlnock, ii. 66.
Szolos, ii, 34.
SzomoIaBs

Szomolan, fi. 20.
•Szrzem, i. 789.
Sztopkow, ii. 60.
Szuci, ii. 36.
Sziilia, ii. 20.
Szutan, ii. 29,
Szydlow, i. 604.
Szydlowiec, ibid,
T.
'T^Aaffer, iii. 410.
Taanaas, i. 195.
Taarnebye, i.
95.
Taafing, I. i. 114..
Taboa, H. 207.
Taboado, ii. 192.
TaboafTo, ii. 208..
I'abor, iv. 82.
Tachow, iv. Sg.
Tacluale, ii. 123.
Tadcafter, iii. 381.
Tafaila, ii. 313.
Taff's Well, iii. 409.
Taggae, i. 481.
Taganrok, i. 468.
Taggia, iii. 106..
Taghmon, iii.
437.
Tagil, r. i. 472.
Tagliacozzo, iii. 207..
Tagiis, r. ii. 244.
Taiilebourg, ii. 509.
Tain, ii. 440.
Taipol, i.
373.
Talamone, iii. 132.
Talavera de Badajoz ,. ii.
279.
de Reyna, ii. 3^06.
d'j Vieja, ibid.
Talavo, r. iii. 1 10.
Talba, r. i. 674.
Talcmi, iii. 113.
Taletü, ii. 300.
Taiez, i. 466.
Tallagli, iii. 445,
Taliard, ii.
439.
Tallemond, ii. 508-.
Talleftome, iii. 436,
Talfang, v. 125.
Talmats, ii. 'So.
INDEX.
Talmont, ii.
515.
Talfen, i 662.
TalufTen, i.
563.
Talya, ii. 61.
Tamarir, ii. 22, 319.
Tamaro, r. ii. 264.
Tambow, i. 466.
Tambra, r. ii. 266.
Tambfweg, v. 321.
Tame, iii. 350.
Tamega, r. ii.
197.
Tamela, i. 370.
Tamogrod, i. 608.
Tamworth, iii. 464.
Tana, i. 207.
Tance, ii. 483.
Tancos, i. 220.
Tangermunde, v. 643.
Tanieres, ii.
570.
Taninge, iii. 20,
Tanlay, ii. 424.
Tanna, vi. 156.
Tannay, ii.
544.
Tannenberg, i.
554.
Tanroda, vi. 28.
Tantallon, iii. 417.
Taormina, iii. 214.
Tapiau, i. 548.
Taplaken, ibid.
Tapoltza, ii. 51.
Tara, r. i. 472. 506.
Tartezyn, i. 596.
Tarentaife, iii. 22.
Tarifi'a, ii. 287.
Tarkany, ii. 6q.
Tarmon, iii.
449.
Tarna, i. 322.
Tarnaway, iii. 429.
Tarnow, i. 602.
Taro, r. iii. g6.
Tarotzko, ii. 8r.
Tarouca, ii. 208
Tarragona, ii. 322,
Tarrega, ibid.
Tartary, i. 469.
Tartas, ii. 501.
Tartafkoi, i. 514.
Tartzal, ii, 61.
Tafufa, i.
455.
Tarza, ii.
59.
Tafchnad, n. 68.
TafTcoufkoi, i.
517.
Tata, ii. 47.
Tatara, iii. 85.
Tattcrnill, iii.
372.
Tavagna, iii. 1
13.
Tavara, ii. 296.
7'avareda, ii. 205,
Tavarcs, ii. 207.
Taucha, v. 585.
Tauchel, i. 638.
Taverna, iii. 200,
Taverfcherthal, iii. 763.
TaufFers, iv. 238..
Tavignano, r.
Tavira, ii, 232.
Taviftock, iii.
25g.
Taulignan, ii. 442.
Taunton, iii. 271.
Tavolara, iii. 42.
Tavora, r. ii. 177. 209.
Taurogen, i.
524,
Taurominius, iii. 211.
Tauftow, iv. 8q.
Taufte, ii. 317.
Taufz, iv. 87.
Taut, ii.
730.
Tawaftchus, i, ^Sg.
Tawaftland, i. 369.
Tawda, r. i.
472.
Tawgutfcheir, i. 472.-
Tawilalmi, i.
372.
Tawrow, i. 466.
Taxford, iii.
375.
Tayne, iii. 30. 429.
Tecino, r. iii.
34.
,
Teffereg, v. 321.
Teg, iii.
443.
Teineer, iv. g6.
Teine, iv. 84.
Teins, iv. 89,
Tejor, ii. 177.
Teilbach, v. 343.
Teifendoitz, v. 319..
Teilholz, ii.
^7-
Teixeira, ii. 28,
Telairone

Telamone, iü. 132.
Teltgd, ii. 70.
Tdele, iii. 193.
Teleze, iv. 1 14.
Telcflcoi, i.
475.
Tclgat, iv. 323.
Teirar, i. 481.
Temblade, la, ii, 510.
IVmcni, ii. 157.
Tcmes, ii. 6.
Temefwar, ii. 72.
TeiViCtveny, ii. 25.
Temnikow, i. 466.
Tempe, ii. 141.
Temptlburg, vi. 92,
Tenaro, r. iii. 25.
Tenbigli, iii. 407.
Tenbury, iii. -62.
Tenckitcen, i.
545.
Tenda, iii. 25-
Tendens, ii. 208.
Teneins, ii 496.
Tcnneberg, vi. 47.
Teno, i. 360.
Tenftadr, v. 552.
Tencerden, iii. 313.
Tentiigal, ii. 205.
Teplice, iv. 94.
Ter, r. ii. 320.
Teramo, iii. 208.
TerafTon, ii. 495.
Terawninfkoi, i. 522.
Terceira, ii. 236.
Terceira, I. ii. 235.
Terebes, ii. 60.
Terena, ii. 228.
Tergovifto, ii. 164,
Terlizzo, iii. 205.
Termenez, ii. 474.
Termignon, iii. 23.
Termini, iii. 211. 217.
Termini, r. iii. 217.
Termoü, iii. 206.
Termopyle, ii. 142,
Terni, iii. 154.
Ternowa, ii. 127.
Terokenedy, iii. 443.
Terouenne, ii. 408.
INDEX.
Terra di Barf, iii. 204.
di Lavora, iii. 185.
Nova, iii. 215
IMuova, iii. 42. 125. 199.
d Otranto, iii. 203.
Vecchia, iii. 1 12.
Tenacina, iii. 173.
Terraflbn, ii. 495.
Terrakenedy, iii.
443.
Terre tranche, ii.
567,
Terfkliane, ii. 208.
Terflofe, i. 108.
Terue], ii. 316.
Tervis, ii. 164.
Terza, iii. 204.
Telcore, iii. 91.
TelTino, r. ii.
34.
Tefzien, vi. 382.
Tetbury, iii.
357.
Tete de Buch, ii.
494.
Teteghem, ii. 572.
Tetero, vi. 383.
Tecfcha, r. 472.
Tetfchen, iv. g^.
Tetfchinfliajia, iii. 505.
Tettnang, v. 264.
Tecto, ii. 60.
Tetzen, iv. 93.
Teufen, iii. 300.
Teupitz, V. 676.
Teufet nitz, v. 396.
Teufing, iv. 87.
Tewkfbury, iii. ^56.
Texeb, iii 512.
Thaemefing, v, 444.
Thal-Ther, v. 6g.
Thailand, i. 295.
'
Thames, r. iii. 228.
Thamlbufch, v. 56.
Thanet, I. iii. 307.
Thann, ii. 605. vi. 503.
Thannhaufen, v. 280,
Thanweiler, ii. 600.
Thapfos, I. ii. 148.
Tharenie, ii.
439.
Thau, ii.
477.
Thaur, iv. 232.
Thaxted, iii. 326.
Theil palazzo dc, iii. 54.,
Thebes, ii. 144.
Theis, r. ii.
^g.
'Ihemae, v. 472.
Themis, ii. 86.
Thengen, v. 230.
Therapia, ii.
133.
Thermia, I. ii. 152.
Thcrmopyl -, ii. 142.
ThcfiaHa, r.. 141,
Thetford, iii. 338.
Thiancourr, ii. 587.
Thielt, iv. 296.
Thicrbach, v. 424.
Thiers, ii.
554.
Thicrfheim, v. 423.
Thierftein, iii. 690.
Thiefvelde, i.
99.
Thiingeyar, i. 228.
Thiingeyre, i. 216.
Thingau, v. 172.
Thingvalavatn, i. 228»
Thionviile, ii.
577.
Thioorfaa, i. 227.
Thirfko, iii. 391.
Thoanes, iii. 21.
Tholen, iii. 523.
Thomar, ii. 219.
Thomas Fort, ii. 401.
Thomas-Town, iii.
Thonon, iii. 20.
437.
Thophana, ii. 208.
Thorbere, iii. 635.
Thoreko, i. 304.
Thorn, i. C^g. iii.
387.
Thornbury, iii.
25-
Thorney, iii. 340.
Thornton-Ccliege, iii.
373.
Thorfhaven, i. 214.
Thorfklind, h. i. 274.
Thouars, ii. 515.
Thrapfton, iii. 367.
Thrun, iv. 336.
Thruflce, iii. 391.
Thule, vi. 715.
Thulerfeel, i. 107.
Thumo, V. 603.
Thun, iii. 60S.
Thunderfly,

Thunderfly, iii. 234.
I'hune in Denmark, i. loi.
in Norway, i. 190.
Tluineo, i. 106.
Thiir, r. ii.
594.
Thuraii, i.
553.
Thurgau, iii. 701.
Thuringia, v. 550.
Thurles, iii. 444.
Tliurnau, iii. 500.
Thurotz, ii. 28.
Thurfo, ii. 431.
Thyarfting, i. 132.
Thykvaldbae, i. 228.
Tiiyftrup, i. 148.
Tiano, iii. 194.
Tiaquin, iii.
444.
Tibaens, ii. 192.
Tiber, r. iii. 5.
Tiberville, ii. 529,
Ticinello, iii.
34.
Tickhill, iii. ^Hy.
Tidalen, i. 262.
Tiddefwal, iii.
377.
Tidon, i. 325.
Tiefenorr, vi. 32.
Tiel, iii.
493.
Tiene, iii. 88.
Tienen, iv. 265.
Tierache, ii. 398.
Tiermas, ii. 317.
Tjetjerkftradeel, iii.
537.
Tignas, iii. 22.
Tihany, ii.
54.
Til, ii. 527.
Tilborg, iii.
s--.
Tilbury, iii. 324.
Tille, r. ii. 420.
Tillcmarken, i. 187.
Tilly, iv. 271.
Tille, r. i. 529.
Tille, i. 560.
Tilfic, i. 560.
Timcrais, ii.
g^y,
Tind, i. 175.
Tine, I. ii. 151.
Tinen, ii.
99.
Vol. Vi.
INDEX.
Tingwalia, ii. 294,
Tiniek, i.
599.
Tinow, I. i. 4 14.
Tibirk, i.
99.
Tinfk, i. 481.
Tiorn, i. ig6.
Tipperary, iii. 444.
Tiraghrill, iii.
443,
Tiran, iii. 7S3.
Tirawly, iii.
443.
Tirgarten, ii. 63.
Tirimont, iv. 272.
Tirmenitz, ii. 85.
Tirmice, iv. 94.
Tirnaw, iv. 18.
Tirfchenrieh, v. 354.
Tirfoe, i. 84.
Tifana la, iii. 43.
Tiftedaj, i. 191.
Tifzolz, ii.
37.
Titan, I. ii. 482.
Titmaning, v. 319.
Titul, ii. 44.
Tiverton, iii. 261.
Tivica, ii. 322.
Tiviotdale, iii. 418.
Tinmen, i. 505.
Tivoli, iii. 171.
Tnja, i. 481.
Tobarra, ii. 296.
Tobo, i. 318.
Tobol, r. i. 472.
Tobolfk, i. 501-6.
Todi, iii. 153.
Toggenburg, iii. 746-S.
Toifley, ii. 430.
Tokay, ii. 61.
Tokoly, ii, 42.
Tolder, r. ii.
594.
Toledo, ii. 306.
Tolentino, iii. 151.
Tolkemit, i. 653.
Tollagarvy, iii.
439,
Tolmefe, iii. 92.
Tolofa, ii. 72. 90. 229.
Tolofetta, ii. 272. 501.
Tolva, iii. 158.
5 M
Tolz, V. 337.
Tomarup, i.
304,
-
Tom, r. i. 471.
Tomifvar, ii. 127.
Tomflc, i. 513.
Tonay-Boutonne, ii.
509.
Charente, ibid.
Toncino, iii. 51.
Tondern, i. 150.
Tondorf, iv. 535,
Tonna, vi. 50.
Tonquin, iv. ^23-
Tonna, vi. 50.
Tonnere, ii. 417.
Tonningen, ii. 15?.
Tonfberg, i. i86.
Toom, iii. 441.
Toppliwoda, vi. 582.
Tor, i. 467.
Torbay, iii,
259.
Tor- wood, iii. 421,
Torcello, iii, 83.
Torda, ii. 81.
Tordefillas, ii. 275,
Torgau, v. 580.
Torgelo, vi. 85.
Torghatten, h. 204.
Torigni, ii. 532.
Tornaway, iii, 429.
Tornea, i. 340. 359.
Torning, i. 148.
Tornoua, ii. 142.
Toreoua, iii. 83.
Toro, ii.
375,
Torras, ii. 223.
Torre de Candelaro, ii. 285.
deDonaChama,ii.i98.
di Forti, iii. 40.
de Greco, iii. 192.
Maggiore, iii. 206,
de Moncorvo, ii. 197.
diRovigliano, iii. 192.
de las Salinas, ii.
297.
S. Sufanna, iii. 283.
di S. Vincenzo, iii.
187.
Velha, ii. 215.
Torre-

Torrequemada, ii. 275.
Torres Novas, ii. 21, 206.
Vedras, ii. 16, 17.
Torricella, iii. 64.
Torrington, iii. 260.
Torrione del Carmine, iii.
187.
Torrozello, ii. 2 1 1.
'I'orflioc, i. 445.
Torfkminde, i. 137.
Torfo, i. 322.
Torfting, i. 132,
Tortona, iii. 40.
Tortontfe, ibid.
Toriorico, iii, 213.
Tortcla, ii. 21, 307.
Torvedal, i. 194.
Toryburn, iii. 422.
I'olcanetta, iii. 158.
Tol'coa, ii. 209.
Tolha, i. 428.
Toil, vi. 593.
Tofia. ii. 324.
ToOignano, iii. 144.
Tofz, iii. 604.
Totana, ii. 296.
Toten, i. ib'i.
Totfalu, ii. 82.
Totma, i.
449.
Totncis, iii. 259.
Tot Prona, ii. 29.
Tottenham, iii. 323.
Touca, ii. 216.
Tovis, ii. 82.
Toul, ii. 590.
Toulon, ii. 51, 426.
Touloule, ii. 467.
Touques, ii. 524.
Tour la, iii. 32.
de Bouc, ii. 448.
de Coddes, ii.
545.
Grife la, ii.
si,ldu
Pin, ii. 440.
Tourain, ii. 561.
Tournay, iii.
573, iv. 290.
Toumon, ii. 482. iii. 22.
Tournus, -ii. 427.
To uro, iL 212.
INDEX.
Tours, ii. 562,
Touvre, r. ii. 509.
Towcefter, iii. iS"].
Towmond, iii.
444.
Towton field, iii. 281.
Tovvrany, iii. 440,
Traben,, v. 83.
Tracheiiberg, vi. 583-4.
Trachlcl-wakl, iii. 627.
Trackenen, i. 562.
Trafalgan, ii. 287.
Traghticoner, iii.
445.
Tragonifi, I. ii. 151.
Trajanopoli, ii.
134.
Trajan s bridge, ii. 164.
gate, ii. 126.
Traietto, iii. 195.
Traiguera, ii. 300.
Traiqueros, ii. 281.
Traimi, iii. 214.
Trally, iii.
445.
Tramutola, iii. 199.
Trandberg, i. 105.
Tranekiar, i. 119.
Trani, iii. 205.
Tranfylvania, ii. 73.
Trapa, ii. 207.
Trapani, iii. 216»
Trapanodel Monte, iii. 2 1 6.
Trappe la, ii.
537.
Trarbach, v. 83.
Trafmaur, iv. 168,
Traw, ii.
99.
Travanca, ii. 192.
Trauchburg, v. 269.
Travemund, vi. 456,
Travendahl, vi. 411.
Traun, iv. 183.
flein, V. 338.
Traufnitz, v. 352.
Trafz, h. ii. 176.
Traz Oz monres, ii. k^'j.
Trebben, v. (i'jl.
Trebbenitz, iv. 94.
Tre Taverne, iii. 173.
Trebia, r. iii. c^o.
Trebigne, ii. 105.
Trebü'accia, ,iii. 199.
Trebniez, iv, 144.
Trcbnitz, vi. 578.
Trebowa, iv. 104.
Trebzen, v. 589.
Trecato, iii.
39.
Treen, r. i. 143-53.
Treffenbach, v. 27.
Treffurt, v. 58.
Tregacon, iii. 41 1.
Tregony, iii. 256.
Treguier, ii. 520.
Treiden, i. 424.
Trelleberg, i. 300,
Tremfbuttel, vi. 413»
Tremiti, I. iii. 206.
Tremouille, ii. 514.
Tremp, ii. 325.
Trendelburg, v. 48»
Trenfcheen, ii. 26.
Trent, iv. 252.
Trent, r. iii. 228.
T'rentham, iii. 378.
Treport, ii. 52,6.
Trepto^ vi. 84-9.
Trepuzze, iii. 203.
Trefchie, iii. 126.
Trefco, I. iii. 258.
Trefmes, ii. 518.
Trethimerow, i. 464,.
Tretto, iii. 88.
Trevail, iii. 21.
Treuchtlingen, v. 445.
Treuen, v. 614
Brietzen, v. (>']6^
Trevigio, iii. 91.
Trevigno, ii. 273.
Trevilo, iii. 91.
Trevoens, ii. 209.
Trevoil, iii. 21.
Trevoux, ii. 430.
Trey a, i. 160.
Treyfa, v. 51.
Trezzo, ii. 48.
Triana, iii. 282.
Triberg, iv. 248.
Tribfees, vi. 79.
TricaricOi iii. 198. 204.
'i'ricailin-, ii. 441.
^
Triers,

Triers, iv. 542.
Trieft, iv. 221.
Trigiiano, iii. 6^.
Trim, iii. 438.
Trimiti Ifles, iii. 206.
Trimlinger, i. 194.
Tring, iii.
347-
Trinity, iii. 2S9.
'
iii- 37-
Triola, iii. 106.
Triord, ii. 441.
Tripalda, iii. 197.
Tripento, iii. 206.
Trittau, vi. 413.
Trivento, iii. 206.
Trivico, iii. 197.
Trivigliano, iii. 159.
Trium-Szlekes, ii. 28.
Trivolzo, iii. 50.
Trobridge, iii. 277.
Trochtelfingen, v. 233.
Trock, i. 118.
Trogen, iii. 700.
Trogenborg, i. 281.
Trognon, ii. 587.
Trogonii'i,. I. ii. 151.
Troia, iii. 205.
Trois Maries, ii. 149.
Troitz, i.
454.
Troitzkaja, i. 520.
Troitzkoi, i. 521.
Troki, i. 618.
Trolhata, i. 287.
Trollbo, i. 32 8.
Tromlitz, vi. 30.
Trompia, iii. 90.
Tromloe, i.
193, 209.
Tronda, iii. 433.
Tronea, iii. 201.
Tropetz, i.
445.
Tropplüwitz, vi. 599.
Trof.i, i. 320.
Trcrfburg, V. 340.
Trouard, ii.. ß^o.
Trough, iii. 440.
Troyes, ii. 410.
Trubtfchewilc, . i. 465.
Trufttcrn, v. 344.
INDEX.
Trngillo, ii. 278.
Tulba, V. 21.
Trumellio, iii.
39.
TuUe, ii. ßß6.
Truro, iii. 256.
Tullgarn, i. 322.
Triixillo, ii. 278.
Tullibardin, iii. 416.
Tryggevekle, i. 1 1 1.
Tully caftle, iii.
443,
Trymoe, i. 195.
Tulmino, iv. 223.
Tfchaja, r. i. 474.'
'I'uln, iv..^68.
Tfcharanda, i. 445,
7\ilfk, iii. 413.
Tlcharyfch, r. i. 471. Tumbcllo, ii. 532.
Tlchaufkoi, i. 514.
Tuna, i."278. .
Tibhcbakfar, i. 482. Tunbridge, iii. 313.
Tlchebajrkalflvaja, i.
50^. Tundarn, i. 149-50.
Tfchebaxar, i. 482.
Tundhioftt,. i, 151.
Tfchebibhue, r. i.
474, Tundegefiord, i. 136.
Tfcherdyn, i. 482.
Tungufca, r. i.
473.
Tfcherkafka, i. 467.
Tunkinfkoi, i. 520.
Tfchern, i. 465.
Tura, n 472.
Tfchernaufk, i. 466. Turan, ii. 29.
Tfchernetz, ii. 164.
Turbigo, iii. 49. •
Tfcherniekow, i. 462. Turcorin, ii. 569.
Tichernigrad, ii. 164. Turenne, ii. ^§6.
Tichernoijar, i. 478.
Turiago, iii. 126.
Tfchernuja, r. 472.
Turin, iii. 27.
Tfcheus, r. i. 471.
Turinik, i. 504.
Tfchilzapinfkaja, 1. 504. Turkey, ii. 109.
Tfcohpa, v. 598.
Turkheim, v. 8.
Tfchuehloma, i. 450. Turndorf, v. ^^^^.
Tfclnichona, r. i. 451. Turnhout, iv. 276.
Tfchudikoi Ofera, i. 413. Turnow, iv. 72-4.
Tlchugnew, i. 465.
Turobin, i. 608.
Tfchuketfclioi, i. 523. Turopole,. ii.
93.
Tfchiilem, i. 471.
Turpen, i. 358.
Tfchumylch, r. i.
471, Turquel, ii. 219.
Tfetnel

Tweedale, iii. 418.
TwerlV.a canal, i. 443.
Twickenham, iii.
323.
Twrdoilin, ii. 27.
Tyan, iii. 440.
Tybeig, i. iio.
Tybein, iv. 217.
Tye, i. 127.
Tyge, r. 648.
Tykkcbay, i. 228.
Tykoizin, i. 606.
Tym, i. 471.
Tyniec, i.
599.
Tynelfo, i. 321.
l'yrconel, iii. 442.
Tyre-y, üi- 425-
Tyrekeri, iii. 442.
Tyrefiord, i. 188. i
Tyrol, iv. 226.
Tyrone, iii. 442.
Tyrreagh, iii.
443.
Tyrrild, i.
137.
Tyrugh, iii. 442.
'Jyftedt, i. 127.
Tzgupri-Cuprufzi, ii. 229.
Y'Aag,
V
i. 205.
Vaagsfiord, i. 215.
Vabres, ii.
499.
Vaca, V. 46.
Vacarica, ii. 264.
Vada, iii. 129.
Vadkert, iii. 29-
Vadla, i. 226.
Vado, ii. 105.
Vaena, ii. 290.
Vager, ii. 2 87.
Vahebaro, ii. 269.
Vailate, iii. 49.
Vailbn, ii. 460.
Vaivre, ii. 589.
Val, ii. 451.
. Erenbana,
d' Amours, ii. 519.
di Arno, iii. 126.
iii. 91,
di Caiepio, ibid.
di Chiana, iii. 125.
di Chiulbntio, iii. 91.
INDEX.
Val des Choux, ii. 423.
de Coelha, ii. 210.
di Compare or khaca, I.
d: Domino iii 212.
de3 Ecoliers, ii. 416.
de Galilee, ii. 582.
di St. Giacomo, iii. 790.
Guarnera, iii. 116.
Longo, ii. 209.
Margia, iii. 740.
di Mazaca, id. 2 16.
da Mullair, iii. 776.
di Noto, iii. 214.
de Nougeira, ii. 200.
de Pallb, ii. 199.
de Porras, iii. 311.
de Prudo, ii. 269.
de Prudos, ii. 200.
Seriana, iii. 91.
di Seiia, iii. 40.
di Taro, iii.
59.
Valais, iii.
793.
Valano, iii. 91.
Valdagno, iii. 19.
Valdafner, ii. 19S.
Valdervo, iii. 27.
Valdigem, ii. 208.
Valdino, iii. 213.
Valdrome, ii. 442.
Valenca, ii. 195.
di Alcantara, ii. 278.
do Douro, ii. 210.
Valeng:ay, ii. 560.
Valence, ii. 441-96.
Valencia, ii. 298.
Valenciennes, ii, ßyo.
Valenlble, ii. 255.
Valentano, iii. 156.
Valentin, ii. 442.
Valentine, ii. 472, iii. 29.
Valentinois, ii. 441.
Valenza, iii. 39.
Valengay, ii. 560.
Valerano, iii. 156.
Valeria, ii. 302.
Valery, ii. 402.
Valcftra, iii. 6^.
Valletta la, iii. 222.
Valette la, ii. 510.
Valhelhas, ii. 210.
Vaijara, ii. 122.
Valtncourt, ii. 570.
Valke, i. 424.
Valkenburg, iii. 566.
Valkovar, ii. 90.
Valladares, ii. 196.
Valladolid, ii. 310.
Vallage, 11.415.
Vallazim, ii. 211.
Valle di Blegno, iii.
737.
di Manca, iii. 91.
di St. Martino, iii. 91,
Rufte, iii. 113.
Vallendar, iv. 553.
Vallendas, ii. 763.
Vallendorf, ii. §6.
Vailerhow, i. 200.
Vallombrofa, iii. 126,
Valmontone, ii. 172.
Vaina, ii. 290.
Valoe, ii. 187.
Valogne, ii. 531.
Valoire, iii. 22.
Valois, ii. 385.
Valona, ii. 140.
Valromay, ii. 4? 9.
Vals, ii. 482.
Vallpir, ii. 48 7.
Valva, iii. 207.
Valverda, ii. 279.
Vannes, ii. 521.
Var, r. ii. 445.
Varadein great, ii. 70,
Varadja, ii. 71.
Varaggio, iii. 105.
Varailja, ii. 20.
Vardan, r. li. 135.
Varel, iv. 445.
Varennes, ii, 414, 547, 561,
Varefa, iii. 104,
Varefe, iii. 49.
Varfalba, ii. 84.
Vargeas, ii. 209.
Vargula,

A^argula, \v. 5^5.
Varhcly, ii. Ü3.
Varna, ii. 127.
Varncville, ii. 527.
Varo, r. iii. 25.
Vary, ii. 6y.
Varzca da Serra, h. 208.
Varzeo, iii. 40.
Vafarhely, ii. 66.
Vas capu or Iron gate pafs,
ii.
S^.
Vafony, ii, 54.
VafTy,
ii._4i5.
Vaftan, ii. 560.
Vafto, iii. 207.
Vati, ii. 152.
Vatia, ii. 290.
Vatz, iii.
773,
Vatzi, ii.
39.
Vaurelles, ii. 570.
Vauclufe, ii. 461.
Vaucouleurs, ii. 417,
Vaudemont, ii. 5S3.
Vaujour, iii. ß6ß.
Vaularas, ii. 461.
Vaux du Loire, ii. e;^6.
de Villars, ii.
394.
de Nevers, ii.
543,
Vayhingen, v. 196.
TJba, i. 472.
Ubeda, ii. 290.
Uberkingen, v. 287.
Ubignau, v. 549.
Ubinllcoi pafs, i. 514.
Ubriatico, iii. 199.
Ucanha, ii. 208.
Uckermark, vi. i.
Uckermund, vi. Sß.
Ucria, iii. 213.
Ud, r. i. 474.
Üda, r. i. 461.
Uddevalla, i. 298.
Udem, iv. 375.
Uderwangen, i. 548.
Udine, iii.
93.
Udinfk, i. 520.
Udi.in^oi, i. 514-17.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Udfue, I. 196.
Udfteen, ibid,
Udrarhely, ii. 84.
Ueberlingen, v. zgt.
Uebernftcig, iv.
Uebu, i. 508.
355.
Vechta, iv. 328.
Vecfe, ii. 81.
Veehendal, iii. 52 S.
Veere, iii. 517.
Vegel, ii. 287.
VegeHick, vi. £33.
Vegia, ii. 102.
Vehiers, ii. ^6-j.
Veillane, iii. 31.
Veilfdorf, vi. 42.
Veiros, ii. 229.
Vela de Velas, ii, 237.
Velada, ii. 298.
Velbach, ii.
ßg.
Velberg, v. 291.
Velberg, v. 362.
Velden, v. 343,
Veldenz, i. 231,
Velez Malaga, ii. 294,
El Rubio, ii. 295. 301.
Velino, r. iii. 154.
Velerri, iii. 170.
Vellevar, ii. 92.
Velofo, ii. 209,
Veiteline, iii. 781.
Veluive, iii. 48 2.
Velzen, iii. 509.
Venafre, iii. 194.
Venago, iii. 113.
Venaiffin, ii. 458.
Venafque, ii. 319, 460,
Vence, ii.
454,
r. ii. 432,
Vendier, ii. 519.
Vendome, ii. 541.
Vendres, ii.
475.
Vene la, iii. 153.
Venerie la, iii. 29.
Venetico, iii. 213.
Venice, iii. 68-77.
Vento, iii. 56-/.
6 N
Veitofii, iii. 198, 404,
Ventadour, ii. 50^.
Venteniigtia, iii.
21J.
Vcnzonc, iii.
93.
Vcowie, r. ii. 432.
Vera, ii. 295.
Creuz deFigucira, ii. 232.
Vera de Plazencia, ii. 277.
Verbas, r. ii. 121.
Vcrberie, ii.
385.
Verbofania, ii, 121.
Verbowetz, ii.
93.
Vercelli, iii. 27,
Verdien, vi, 85.
Verdula, iii, 223.
Verdalen, i. 203.
Verde, iii. 113.
Verden, iv. 356,
Verdola, i, 203,
Verdon, i. 638.
Verdun, ii. 427-565-90.
Verdunois, ii. 589.
Verebely, ii.
34.
Veret, ii. 562.
Verfeuil, ii. 469.
Vergara, ii. 272.
Vergato, iii. 141,
Verger le, ii. ß6ß.
Verla, ii. 138, 294.
Verkez, ii. 68.
Vermandois, ii. 398.
Vermejo, ii. 271.
Vcmoiin, ii. 195.
Vernafia, iii. 104.
Vernec, ii. 487.
Verneuil, ii. 529.
Verni, iii. 116,
Vernon, ii. 528.
Verona, iii. 86.
Verotze, ii. 89.
Verrex, iii. 27.
Verron, ii. 561.
Verfailles, ii. 390.
Verfine, ii. 385.
Verfmold, iv. 473.
Yerioy, ii. 429.
Verteuil, ii. 510.
Vertus,

Vertua, iii. 37.
Vertus, ii. 411.
Vervins, ii. 398.
Vefcovato, iii. 54. 113.
Veicovio di Sauna, iii. 155.
Vefly, ii. 387.
Vefo, h. iii. 4.
Vefoul, ii. 608.
Veften, i. 1S8.
Veflenberg, v. 440.
Vefteraalen, i. 205.
VefuviuSjh. iii. 17&. i-85 9.
Vefz prin, ii.
53.
Vets, ii. 81.
Uetza, vi. 262.
Vevay, iii. 638.
Veurdrele, ii. 446.
Veurne, iv. 302.
Vexin Francois, ii. 389.
— Norman, ii. 526.
Veyeroe, i. 106.
Vezelay, ii. 544.
Vezelife, ii. 5S3.
Vezere, r. ii. 5^6.
Ufa, i. 480.
Uffenheim, v. 448.
Ugento, iii. 203.
Uggcl, i. 155.
Ugine, iii. 22.
Uglitfth, i. 431.
Ugotz, ii. 67.
Ugzotz, ii. 26.
Uhtholm, i. 159.
Ui, r. i. 472-
..
^'ia, yEmiiia, iii. 58.
— Appia, iii. 170.
Viadana, iii. 54.
Viana, ii. 267-314.
Vianden, iv. 285.
Viancn, iii. 505.
Vianna, ii. 192. 225.
Viano, iii. 64. 159.
Viareggio, iii. 116.
Viafdon, i. 596.
Viakium, i. 592.
Vi Banya, li.
33.
Vi.brais 11.
55 5-
Vic, ii. 504-52-76,
INDEX.
Vic de Bigorre, ii. 507.
le Comte, ii.
554.
Vicarella, iii. 159.
Vicco, iii. 30.
Vicenza, iii. 88.
Vicheri, ii. 591.
Vichy, ii.
547.
Vice, iii. 1 13. 206.
— Equenfe, iii. 192.
Victorleek, vi. 362.
Vicovaro, iii. 155.
Videeflo, r. ii. 272.
VidedeFozdePiodao,ii. 29.
Videroe, I. i. 113.
Videy, I. i. 229.
Vidigueira, ii. 225.
Vie, r. ii. 524.
Viechtach, v. 348-53.
Vieille E-glife, ii. 405.
Vieira, ii. 102.
Vieland, vi. 224.
Vienna, iv. 159.
Vienne, r. ii. 335. 512-53.
Vienne, ii. 440.
Vier Brudcrreule, i. 546.
—Dorfern, iii.
775.
—Thurnen, ii. 600.
Vierzon, ii. ^^(j.
Vierte, iii. 206.
Vigevanafco, iii.
39.
Vigevano, ibid.
Viggiano, iii. 114.
Vigiano, iii. 199.
Vigiole, iii. 40.
Vigles, ii. 3 i.
Vigne de la Reine, iii. 29.
Vignola, iii. 6^. 199.
Vignory, ii. 416.
Vigo, ii. 265.
Uihely, ii. 25.
Uihiers, ii. 565.
Vihicz, ii.
^S-
Vilaine, r. ii. 517.
—la Jue!, li.
sis-
Vilbele, vi. 105-18.
Vililla, ii. 318.
Viila-Aiva, ii. 225.
— -Bifpo, ii. 332.
Boa de Quires, iii.
194.
Boim, ii. 227.
Borghefe, iii. 164.
Bricca, iii. 63.
de Cailieda, ii. 237.
Cliaa, ii. 195.
di Conde, ii.
195.
Cova, ii. 208.
Cova ä Coelheira, ii. 24.
des Enguias, ii. 222.
Fermando, ii. 227.
Frol, ii. 199. 229.
Franca, ii. 200-36-67-
72-74.76. iii. 27-35.
126.
Panades, ii. 322.
de Xira, ii. 217.
Garcia, ii.
19^.
Hermofa, ii.
299.
de Horta, ii. 238.
d' Iglefias, iii. 42.
Imperiale, iii. 125,
das Lagens, ii.
238,
Loyfa, li. 298.
Mayor, ii. 318.
Neva, iii. 30.
de Alvito, ii. 225.
de Ancos, ii. 204.
de Corveira, ii. 195.
de Milfontes, ii. 226.
de Montcarros, ii. 204.
de Porcinao, ii. 232.
de Porto, ii. 194.
de Puffos, ii. 220.
de Sobacco, ii. 207.
Villaneuva de Ba-7 • ^
D
in. I So.
ca Rota, \
delos Infantes, ii. 301.
Poucade Aquiar, ii. 192,
Real, ii. 196. 201-99.
de Rey, ii. ?2o.
de la Reyna, ii. 280.
Rubia, ii. 307.
Rubiadelo Oyos, ii. 301.
Ruiva, ii. 225.
do Topo, ii. 237.
de Valas, ii. 237.
Velha, dc Rodio, ii. 212.
Vcrdcj

Verde, ii. 205.
Verde dos, 7 ••
'
T Ml. 217,
'
rrancos, 3
Villa Vicifia, ii. 26g.
— Vicoia, ii. 226.
Villa boa de Roda, ii. ig.
Villacais, ii 192.
Villach, iv. 20^.
Villalpanda, ii. 275.
Villanow, i. 596.
Villar, iii. 32.
—de Areas, ii. 193.
de Frades, ii. 195.
Mayor, ii. 209.
Pedrofa, ii. 2b2.
Secco da lomba, ii. zgg.
Villard, ii. 458.
Vilarinho da Caftanheira,
ii. 198.
Villars, ii. 428. iii. 32.
Villafboas, ii. 198.
Ville, ii. 432.
dieu, ii. 531.
Franche, ii. 414-87-99
franche de Laurigais,
496.
Neuve, ii. 431. 99.
638.
NciiverArcheveque,
417.
Neuve le Roi, ibid.
Neuve S. George, ii. 385
Savin, ii. 542.
Villebüurg, ii. 562.
Villecrofle, ii. 453.
Villemoranr, ii. 562.
Villemur, ii. 469-70.
Villena, ii. 301.
Villencuve, 11. 546.
— de Agenois, ii. 496.
d' Avigaun, ii. 480.
de Berg, li. 481.
les Clermoni., ii. 470.
Vililla, ii. 318. .•
Villepinte, 11. 471.
Villers Cotterets,"ii. 386.
Viilette, iii. 639.
INDEX.
Villiers, ii. 55S.
Villingen, iv. 251.
Vils-Biburg, v. 343.
Villhofen, v. 345.
Vilvordcn, iv. 269.
Vimarcato, iii. 48.
Vimeu, ii. 402.
Vimiaro, ii. 192.
Vimieiro, ii. 224.
Vinca, ii. 488.
Vincennes, ii. 384.
Vinchiaturo, iii. 206.
Vinhaes, ii. 199.
Vinitza, ii. 92.
Vinna, ii. 61.
Vins, ii. 451.
Vinftrow, iv. 233.
Vintimiglia, iii. 106.
Uj-Palanka, ii. yz.
Vique, ii. 321.
Vire, ii. 532.
Virgi, ii. 255.
Virgiliana ia, iii.
54.
Viheu, ii..44o.
Virnenburg, iv. 484.
Virton, iv. 283.
Virzon, ii.
559.
Vifea, ii. 206.
Vifer, iv. 333.
Vilk, ii. 68.
Vifkaja, i. 504.
Vifkaleth, ii. 2i.
Vifnitza, ii. 122.
Vifo, h. iii. 25.
Vifokie, ii. 606.
Vifp, iii. 791.
Vißegrad, ii. 41.
Viflelhovede, iv. ^ßg.
Viil, iii. 425.
Viftabella, ii. 299.
Viftriza, r. ii. 135.
Viftula, r. i. ß6g.
Vicerbo, iii. 157.
Vitoria, ii. 273.
Vitrei, ii. 518.
Vicry le Brule, ii. 415.
le Francois, ii. 415.
Vittenz, ii. 25.
Vitulano, iii.
197.
Vivar, ii. 31 1.
Vivarais, ii. 25. 4S2.
Vj-Var. ii. 62.
Vjvaros, ii. 25.
Vivero, ii. 266.
Viviers, ii. 481.
Vivonne, ii. 513.
Viza, ii. 130.
Vizan, ii. 461.
Uklykaragaifkaja, i.
504.
Ukraine, i. 460.
Uia, i. 624.
Viaardingen, iii. 502.
Ulaborg, i. 368.
Ulba, i. 472.
Ulderup, i.
153.
Ulea, i. 368.
Ulefofwerk, i. 188.
Ulf borg, i. 136.
Ulla, r. ii. 266.
Ulla, iii, 126.
Uileraker, i. 318.
Ullefwacer, iii. 401.
Ulm, V. 284.
Ulmbach, I. v. 22.
Ulme, ii. 218.
Ulodau, i. 607.
Vluthe, iv. 474,
Ulrichfdal, i.
313.
Ulrichftein, v. 64.
Ulrikaburg, i.
371,
Ulrikahamn, i. 290.
Ulfen, iv. 461.
Ulfnis, i. 163.
UifTunda, i.
319.
Ulfter, iii.
439.
Ulten, iv. 234.
Ulturfton, iii. 401.
Uki-kem, i. 472.
Ulvercon, iii. 401.
Umago, iii.
94,
Umar, i. 401.
Umea, i.
339.
Umea-Byn, 1.
339.
Umrewenfk, i. 514.
Umftadt, iv. 587.
Uncaflillo, ii.
317.
Unj

Ung-Var, ii. 6i.
Unhao, ii. iy2.
Uniczow, iv, 104.
Unkcl, iv. 562.
Unmerftadt, vi. 43.
Unmanz, vi. "]].
Unna, iv. 385.
Uiifcha, i. 452.
Unterfeen, iii. 628.
Uncerwalden, iii. 662.
Unzain, ii. 542.
Vodable, ii. c^c^i.
Vüdrod, ii. 20.
Voghera, iii. 40.
Vogogna, iii. 40.
Vogtland, vi. 150,
Vohb, V. 69.
Vohburg, V. 332.
Vohenfliauz, v. 364.
Uoigtldalum, v. 344,
Voihberg, iv. 193.
Voiiketz, ii. 58.
Volcanello, I. iii. 217.
Volcano, ibid.
Volhinia, i. 612.
Volkach, V. 40.7.
Volkerode, vi. 50.
Volker(berg, v. 21.
Volkniarfen, iv. 572.
Voltaggio, iii. J05.
Volterra, iii. 129.
Voltri, iii. 105.
Volturara, iii. 197.
Volwil, ii.
553.
Vomo Telheiro, ii. 210.
Vonage, ii.
479.
Vonekocz, i. 604.
Voom, iii. 501.
Vopnafiordur, i. 228.
Vorden, iv. 345.
Vofenwalde, vi. 301.
Vosfeld, vi. 345.
Vofge, ii. 482.
Upa, r. i.
455.
Upbergen, iii.
473.
Upland, i.
309.
Uppingham, iii. 368,
Uplal, i; 3^5-
Upton, iii. 361,
INDEX.
Urach, V. 188.
Urack, i. 4.74.
Urania, iii. 126.
Uranianburg, i. 302,
Uranowo, ii. 60.
Urbino, iii. 146.
Vreden, iv. 325,
Vreefwyk, iii. 529.
Urin, i. 481.
Urgel, ii. 325.
Uri, iii. 650.
Urick, L 519.
Viieirevcen, iii.
545.
Urk, iii. 514.
Urnieny, ii. 24.
Ur-mezo, ii. 67.
Vrokerhove, iii. ^dc^,
Urfel, V. 116.
Uroperg, v. 248.
Urfun, r. i. 482.
Urtamalk, i. 514.
Urulla, i. 188.
Ury, ii.
575.
Urzedon, i. 605..
Urzei, V. 22.
Ufeldange, .iv. 2S7.
Ufchowa, i. 589.
Ufcocs the, ii. 88.
Ufcup, ii. 124.
Urtdom, vi. 186.
Ul'erche, ii. $^6.
Ufingen, v. 92.
Ufiza, ii. 124.
Uflar, vi. 320-6.
Ufman, i. 466.
Uflel, ii, 556.
Ufleldon, ii.
497.
Usflianr, I. iii. 523.
Uflbn, ii.
554.
Uftariz, ii. £,0^.
Uftiano, iii. 54.
Ullica, iii. 21S.
Uftiiigweliki, i. 449.
Uftiuchkefche, Circle of, i.
449-
Uftiiifhna Scheliefopolfloja,
i. 445.
Uftkamenogorik, i. 472.
509.
Uflcutfkoi, i. 518.
Ultungufkoi, i. 517.
Ufwiacaz, i. 623.
Ucoxcter, iii.
^78.
Utphe, v. 116.
Utrecht, iii. 523-5.
Utrera, ii. 253-
Utria, iii. 213.
Utljocki, i. 360.
Uctendorf, v. 341.
Utznach, iii.
719.
Utznangerberg, iii. 71a.
Vochr, iii.
553.
Vuics, iii.
435.
^'uipiliere la, li. 440.
Vulturara, Hi. 206.
Uxbndge, iii. 323.
Uxcm, li.
572.
Uxkul, i. 424.
Uzeda, ii. 308.
Uzez, ii.
479.
Uzille, ii.
437.
Uzon, ii. 84
Ẇ.
\yA, i. 303.
VVaag, r. ii. 18.
Waagoe, 1. i. 214.
Waakhaulen, vi. 222.
Waal, i. 167.
Wabs, i. 165.
"Wachenbuchen, v. 104.
"W'achenheim, iv. 585.
Wacheroth, v. 2,^-].
^^'achopdale, iii. 429.
Wachfenburg, vi- 49.
Wachrendorik, iv. 288.
WacLtcrfbach, v. 122.
Wadbiidge, iii. 296.
Wadenlbhweil, iii. 60S.
Wadften, i. 277.
Wae, i.
303.
W'aes, iv. 297.
Waefmunfter, iv. 297.
W^aelten, iv. 300.
Waging, v. 319.
W^aerain, v. 321.
Wahben, vi. 38.
Wahr,

Wahe, i. 30^.
Wahlltadt, vi. ß6z.
Wahre, i. 132.
WaJgiUz, i. 511.
Waihlkct, lii. 372.
Wak, r. i. 471.
Wakefield, iii. 386.
Wakering, iii. 324.
Walachia, ii. 161.
Walbcck, vi. 134.
Walcheren, iii. 516.
Walcourt, ii. 571. iv. 308,
Waldai, i.
444.
Waldau, i. 547. vi. 561.
Waldeck, V. 99, 354.
Waldemarfburg, i. 115.
WaWen, iii. 327.
Waldenburg, v, 480. vi.
Waldenteis, v. 396.
Walder, i. 18S.
Waldheim, v. 592.
Waldhuchen, v. 370.
Waldkappel, v. 46.
Waldmunchen, v.
Waldfee, v. 2 68.
Waldfhut, iv. 250.
Waldftetten, v. 258.
Waldturn, v. 371.
Wald Ulm, ii. ßS7)-
Waffenberg, iv. 404.
Waflenburg, i. 427,
Wafleralfingen, v. 170.
Waflx;rburg, v. 277.
Waflerhudingen, v. 445.-
Wafi'erleben, vi. 146.
WalTugar, i. 451.
Watchet, iii. 270.
Wateiford, iii. 444.
Waterland, iii. 511.
Watford, iii.
347.
Wathington, iii. 350.
Watten, ii. 567.
Watton, iii.
339.
Watweii, iii.
744,
WaurofiTe, iv. 309.
Waxholm, i. 313,
Wayes, iii, 432.
Waynfleet, iii. 372.
Wechmar, vi. 52.
Wechfelburg, vi. 162.
Weda, r. i. 451.
Wedbo, i. 279.
Wed-

.
Weddmgen, vi. 436.
Wedel, i. 138.
Wcdclfberg, i. 118.
Wedle, i. 138.
Wcdoe, i. 201.
Wedwa, r. i. 327.
Weems, üi. 422.
Ween, i. 302.
Weerdt, iv. 37,7.
Wefsen, i. 211.
Wegeleben, vi. 358.
,Wegrow, i. 606.
Wegfcheid, v. 370.
Wehen, v. 93.
Wehlen, v. ^']G.
Wehrheim, iv. 415.
Weibftat, iv. r i .
Weilclch, r. i. 569.
bürg, iv. 213.
Weichfeimund, i.
G}^'].
W^eickendorf, iv. 574.
Weickerflieim, v. 485.
Weil, V. 302.
Weilburg, v. 90.
Weile, i. 124. 138,
Weilheim, v. 202, ^i^i.
Weiiler, ii. 600.
W>ilmunfter, v. 90.
Weilnau, v. 92.
Weiltingen, vi. 209,
Weimar, vi. 26.
Weingarten, iv. 583. v. 243.
Weinheim, iv. 581.
Wcinitz, iv. 2 1 7.
Weinland, ii. 85.
Weinlberg, v. 204.
Weifcheriield, v. 395.
Weifmayn, v. 315.
Weißenau, v. 254.
Weiffenburg, ii.
^^^ .
Weiffenfels, v. 544.
Weifienfee, v 560.
Weißetiftadt, v. 423.
WeiÜenftein, i. 427.
Wciterfhaulen, \. ^ß.
Weiaw, i. --48.
Wckhaiu, v. 360.
Welicona, ii. 27.
INDEX.
Welikie Luki, i. 445.
Welikoluk, i. 445.
WelkaPolya, ii. 32.
Welhngborough, iii. 367.
Wellington, iii. 381.
Wells, iii. 273, q^^-].
Welmich, iv. c^^6.
Welp, v. 303.
Wels, iv. 179.
Welfchbillig, iv. 550.
Welterfburg, v. 132.
Wclwary, iv. (^e,.
Welzhcim, v. 509.
Wem, iii. 3:81
Wembdingen, v.
Wemble, i. 190.
334.
Wemmeltofte, i. iii.
Wemmerby, i. 280.
Wemo, i. 365.
Wemys, iii. 422.
Wend, i. 118.
Wendelzheim, v. 442.
Wenden, i. 423, vi. 381.
Wendungen, v. 209.
Wendover, iii.
349.
Wener, i. 287.
Wenerfborg, i. 290.
Wenlock, iii. 381.
Wenneburg, i. 125.
Wennegarn, i. 319.
Wennings, v. 120.
Weobly, iii. 160.
Wepe, ii. ^6^.
Werben, v. 643. vi. 88.
Werchjaitzkaja, i. 504.
Werchifctzkoi, i. 523.
Werchneikaraulnoi, i. 526.
Werchnei Lomow, i. 466,
Werchnoi Komfchatkoi, i.
513-
Werchnotagelfkoi Sawod, i.
502.
Werchojanfkoi, h. i. 490.
Werchotofnizy, i- 465.
Werchotiir, h. i. 472.
Vv'erchoturie, i. 501.
Werchowachfkoipofad, i.
449-
Werchz, i. 416.
Werdau, iv. 365. v. 609.
Werden, i. 560.
Werdenberg, iii. 672.
Werdenfels, v. 357.
Werder, v. 650.
Werders the, i. 647.
Werdoia, i. 204.
Wereja, i.
455.
Werfer, v. 320.
Werheim, iv. 557.
Wering, iv. 564.
Werl, iv. 570.
Werlenheim, ii. 596.
Wermdo, i. 314.
Wermeland, vi. 142.
Wermfdorf, v. 590.
Wernberg, v. 368.
Werne, iv. 324.
Weroe, i. 205.
Werra, v. 58.
Werfchetz, ii. 'j^.
Werfen, iv. 464.
Werfitze, ii. 73.
Werth, V. 366.
Wertheim, v. 490, 492.
Wefcl, iv. 377, SS^-
Wefen, iii. 719.
Wei'cnberg, vi. 390.
Wefer, r. iv. 9.
diftrifl, vi. 350.
Wefslingbuhren, vi. 414.
Weftan ftang, i. 276.
Weftburg, iii. 277.
Wefldeerham, iii.
339.
Wefteraalen, i. 205.
Wefteraks, i. 324.
Wefterberg, V. 131, iv. 365.
Weflergo, iii. 537.
Wefterham, iii. 314.
Wefterhaufen, vi. 464.
Wefterhofe, vi. 325.
Weiierling, vi. 361^
Wefterfch.inze, i. 637.
Wefterwick, i. 281.
Wefterwiig, i. 127.
Weftti&rden, i. 205.
Wellhaken, ii. ^

Wcilhofen, iL 6oi.
Wefthovcn, iv. 387.
Wefthyth, iii. 305.
Weftloe, iii. 257.
Weftmannaeyar, i. 230.
W'eftmannhaun, i. 214.
Wellmannland, i. 324.
Weftminfter, iii. 320.
Weftinorcland, iii. 400.
Weftphalia, iv. 310, ß66.
Weftra, iii. 452.
Weftraiy Islet, i. 295.
Weftrchorn, i. 228.
Wefum, i. 301.
Wetherby, iii. 381.
Wettlefheim, ii. 604.
Wettenhaufen, v. 254.
Wetter, i. 274. v. 54.
"Wettin, vi. 197.
Wetzlar, v. 148.
Wexford, iii. 436, 437.
Wexio, i. 281.
Weyr, iii. 260.
Weybridge, iii. 296,
Weyda, v. 617. vi. 538.
Weyden, v. 364.
Weyer, ii. 603,
Weyerflieim, ii. 601.
Weyerfhof, i. 649.
Weymouth, iii. 265.
AVeytra, iv. 175.
Wezep, iii. 496.
Whitby, iii.
393.
Whitchurch, iii. 284, 382.
Whirehaven, iii. 400.
Whitkern, iii. 419.
Whitney, iii. 354.
Wiafma, i. 457.
Wiatka, i. 481.
Wiazyf/.eze, i. 624.
Wiborg, i. 129, 136, 441.
Wibyholm, i. 323.
Wichenn, iii. 474.
Wick, iii. 43
1.
Wickenfen, iv. 332.
Wic'.-.eiade, iv. 504.
Wickham, iii.
349.
Wicklov/, iii. 436.
INDEX.
Wickwar, iii. 358.
Widau, i. 143.
Widin, ii. 126.
Widminncn, i.
^6^.
Wiedenbruek, iv. 347.
Wiedenftett, vi. 134.
Wiede Runkel, iv. 431.
Wiehe, v. 558.
Wieliczta, i. 560.
Wieliz, i. 460.
Wielun, i. 52 i.
Wienhaufen, vi. 265.
Wieringen, iii. 513.
Wies, i. 164.
Wiefelburg, ii. 45.
Wiefenfels, iii. 500.
Wiefenfteig, v. 262.
Wielenthal, iv. g2->
'^- ^°7-
Wietliefbach, iii. 624.
Wiffllefburg, iii. 641.
Wigan, iii. 403.
Wigenhaufen, v. §g,
Wight, I. ii. 287.
Wighton, iii. 389.
Wigton, iii. 41g.
Wik, iii. 431.
Wikc, i. 298.
Wiidan, iv. 193.
Wildbald, V. 193.
Wildberg, v. 102, 679.
Wildenbruch, vi. 88.
Wiidenfels, v. 6io.
Wildefliaufen, vi. 234*
Wildungen, v. 09, 100.
Wilhelmfburg, v. 135, vi.
250.
Wilhelmt^al, v. 41.
Wilhclrnltein, iv. 403.
Wilhermfdorf, iii. 501.
Wilkomierz, ii. 618.
Wiliemftadt, iii. 561.
Willenberg, i. 554.
Willi lau, iii. 646.
WiUmanftrand, i. 411.
Willomnitz, iv. 90.
V7ilmenroth, v. 132.
V/ilna, i. 617.
Wilno, ibid.
Wilfdruf, V. 572.
Wilfpach, V. 654.
Willftadt, ii. 601. v. iir.
Wilder, vi. 402, 406.
Wilton, iii. 281.
Wiltlhire, iii. 276.
Wilui, r. i.
774.
Wilzburg, V. 444.
Wimbcrg, iv. 85.
Wimburn, iii. 267.
Wiinmelburg, vi. 133.
Wimmenthal, v. 453.
Wimmcrby, i. 280.
Wimpffcn, v. 304.
Winandeimeer, iii. 40 1.
Winchcomb, iii. 356.
Winchelfea, iii. 302.
Winchefter, iii. 282.
Windau, r. i. 6ßß.
town, i. 662.
Windecken, v. 104.
Windel, i.
357.
Windefheim, v. 85.
Windham, iii.
339.
AVinding, i. 114.
Windilch, iii. 633.
Matray, v. 321.
Windorf, iv. 370.
Windfbach, v. 445,
Windlheim, v. 523*
Wingar, i. 189.
Winkel, vi. 108.
Wiflneckendonk, iv. 377.
Winncnburg, iv. 456.
Winnenden, v. 195.
W^innika, i. 611.
Winningen, vi. 362.
Winfchoten, iii. 550.
Winfen, vi. 251.
Wiiiflüw, iii. 348.
Winterberg, iv. 572.
Winterburg, v. 82.
Winterfburg, i. 12 r.
Winterthuur, iii. 610.
Winweilcr, v. 138.
Winzenburg, vi. 432.
Wiiizenen, ii. 604.
Wiazer, v. 349.
V/ippe,

INDEX.
Wippe, i. c,i,j.
VVoerren, iii. 500.
Wij^prj, vi. j,j4.
Woliulclüif, i. 548,
\Vu;i, i. ji.,-,
Wokey-IIole, iii. 273,
Wirkl\iO!ih, iii. y,y/. Wükiiig, iii. 296.
VVirino, i. 365.
WoJa, i.
5^5.
WiirJand, i.
425.
Wolan, vi. 564.
Wilbaden, v. 9 Wolborz, 5.
1.
593.
Wifbich, iii. -^.^cj.
Wolcow, r. i.
443.
Wiihy, i. zS-i
Woldborg, i. 101.
Wilingbore, 1 28j.
Wüldcgge, vi. 389,
Vv'ifinlgo, ibid.
WüldenbcTg, vi. 13.
Wifinciiia), V. 20.
Wolffacli, V. 26j.
Wiiküw, iv. ioc.
Wolfffgg, V. 267.
Willa, i.
ßg;^,
WüllT('nbiittle,vi. 329-37-9.
W'ifiica, i. 603.
Wülfic-nieim, v. 114.
VVifmar, vi. 3l)I.
Wülfsberg, iv. 201. vi. 142.
Wifnia, i. 609.
Wolfsdort, i. 552.
Wiiiiiowicze, i. 613. Wulfseck, iv, 181.
Wiizlocli, iv. 581.
Wülfstein, iv. 585.
Wizzogrod, i. ßg6,
Wülgar, i. 41 1.
Witcplk, i. 6?.^.
Wüjgaft, vi. 82.
Witgenrtein, v. 135, Wolin, iv. 85.
Witham, iii. 325.
Wolkcnfleen,iv.237.v.6o2.
Wilim, r. i.
474.
Wolkowißcs, i. 621.
Wicimfli, i. 522.
W^ollbeck, iv. 321.,
Willage, iv. 346.
Wollenoven, iii.
545.
Witolcha, ii. 125,
Wolin, iv. 85.
Wicftock, v. 6^^.
Wüllin, vi. 87.
Wittala, i. 282.
Wüllifliofen, iii. 600.
Willelfberg, v. 54.
Wolmar, i. 423.
Wittern, iv. 498.
Wolmiriladt, vi. 181.
Wittenberge, v. 650. Wolnzacli, v. 346.
Wittenburg,v.545. vi. 378. Wolodimeritz, i. 444. 52.
Wittengau, iv. {^4.
Wologda, i. 450.
Wittenltein, i. 42/.
Wolfingham, iii.
Wittichenau, iv. 131. Wohin, vi. 88.
395
Wittingen, vi. 259. Wolverhampton, iii.
379.
Wittüch, iv. 550.
Wolynia, i. 612.
W'ittmund, iv. 425.
Woiynskoi, i. 482.
Witto, vi. 75.
Wonfee, v. 420.
Wittftock, VI. II.
Wonferadeel, iii. 538.
Wizna, i. 596.
Wonfoz, i. 5g6.
Wladiflau, i.
593.
Wooburn, iii.
343.
Wlahm, iv. 84.
Woodbridge, iii. 331.
Wiüdziniirz, i. 613. Woodftock, iii. 383.
Wodnian, iv. 85.
Wooller, iii.
397.
Woer, 1. 132.
Woolftrope, iii.
374.
Woolwich, iii. 311.
Wooton-Banat, Iii. z7g.
Worafch, ii. 609.
Worbis, iv. 538.
Worcefterfliiif, iii. ^Ci.
\/ordingborg, i. uo.
Workington, iii. 400.
Workfop, iii.
37^.
Workuin, iii.
535.
W^orlitz, vi. 102.
W^ormirs, i.
633,
Wori'.s, iv. 7. v. 142.
Wurmltett, ' 30.
Woronie, i. 625.
Woronefch, i.
444 66.
Woronowka, i. 612.
Worotinsk, i.
455.
Worskia, r. ^64..
Worfted, iii.
336.
Wofliiiich, vi. 593.
Wüskrefch, h. i. 510.
W^ütton, iii. 358.
Woudenberg, iii.
530.
Woudrichem, iii.
497,
Woxen, r. i.
373.
W^rad, i. 132.
Wrbowo, ii. 25,
Wredenhagen, vi. 383.
Wreta, ii. 277.
Wrew, i.
444.
Wrexham, iii. 413.
Wrociawek, i.
§^^,
Wrotham, iii. 312.
Wfchowa, i. 5S8.
WfTeruby, iv. 87.
Wuiskoi, i. 502.
Wulpcrode, vi. ^6ß.
Wiiipit, iii. 330.
Wunnenberg, iv. 315.
Wunftorf, vi. 294.
Wurkhaufen, vi. 36.
Wurmannfquick, v, 344.
Wiiftemberg, v. 174. 272.
vi. 139.
Wurzach, v. 267.
Wurzbach, v. 402.
Wurzeland, ii. 86.
Würzen, v. 595.
Wufterhaufen, v. 675. 678.
Wuftro,

Wudro, vi, 257.
Wyck, f. 150.
Wye, iii. 313.
Wyk, i. 319. 425. iii. 527.
Wyken, iii. 646.
Wyl, iii. 740.
Wynendale, iv. 30-2.
Wyfchnei Wolotfchok, i.
444.
Wyfhegourod,
ibid.
Wytegra, r. i. 414.
Wytfliegda, i. 448.
^Aca, ii.
X.
317.
Xacca, iii. 21 5.
Xalon, r. ii. 314.
Xanten, iy. 376.
Xarahes, ii. 278.
Xarama, r. ii. 300.
Xativa, ii. 298.
Xavier, ii,
•
314-17.
Xenil, r. ii. 292.
Xercs de Badajoz, ii. 280.
de Guadiana, ii. 281.
de la Frontera, ii. 2S4.
Xerica, ii. 299.
Xeti, i. 602.
Xias, i. 557.
Xiloca, r. ii. 314.
Xicona, ii. 298.
Xucar, r. ii. 300.
Y.
yAik, r. i.
479.
Yarkutzk, i. 522,
Yarenfk, i. 448-82.
Yarley, iii. 362.
Yarmouth, iii. 288. ^^3,
Yaroflawl, i. 451.
Yarrow, iii.
395.
-
Yarum, iii. 394.
Yaxley, iii. 342.
Yell, iii.
433.
Yem, r. i. 470.
Yenifeifk, i. 516.
Yenne, iii. 21.
Yeovil, iii. 272.
Yepes, ii. 307.
Vol. VI.
INDEX.
Ycu, I. ii, 516.
Yonne, r.
544.
York-fhire, iii. 3S4.
City, iii.
390.
Youg-hill, iii.
445.
Youl'eC, ii. 480.
Zargiilan, r. !. 47^,
Zarizin, i. 478,
Zarnotz, ii,
33.
Zarren Tillen, vi. 370.
ZaÜau, i. 613.
Zafmuk, iv. 81.
Zalor, i. 620.
Zauditz, vi. 600.
Zuvelftein, v. 193.
Zawichofl", i. 605.
Zawalüw, i. 609.
Zawflvrzyn, i.
597.
Zbaraz, i. 611.
Zborow, i. 609.
Zbralavica, iv. 78.
Zdiflawice, iv. 81.
Zeal, iii.
433.
Z.
Zeben-Scbeny, ii.
49.
Zeeland, iii. 514,
Zeevang, iii. 511.
Zeliden, vi- 1 1.
Zehnland, i. 314,
Zeil, V, 266, 397.
Zeilen, ii. 142.
Zeitz, V. 621. vi. 104.
Zelao, iii. 114,
Zelnzea, ii. 126,
Ypres, iv. 29g.
Yrfee, iv. 247,
Yflendyk, iii.
570.
Yfne, v. 269.
Yfni, V. 303.
Yflelmonde, iii. 503.
Yfleux, r. ii.
543.
Yftadt, i. 300.
Yvetot, ii. 525.
Yuriew, i. 451-7.
2^Aandam or Zaurdam,
iii. 510.
Zabern, ii.
g^8.
Zabola, ii. 83.
Zabzich, iv. 104.
Zacra, ii.
g^,
Zafra, ii. 280.
Zagon, ii. 84.
Zagoria, ii.
g^-
Zagrab, ii.
gs.
Zahara, ii. 288.
Zahna, v. 546.
Zaiden, ii. 86.
Zakrocim, 594-96.
Zakakna, ii. 82.
Zambrow, i. 596.
Zambujal, ii. 205.
Zamora, ii. 276.
Zamofk, i. 605.
Zano, vi. 93.
Zante, I. ii. 159.
Zantoch, vi. 12.
Zapfenburg, v. 48.
Zapporogs, i.
497.
Zara, ii.
97.
Zara, Veichia, ii. 98.
Zarand, ii. yo.
Zardam, iii. 510.
Zell, iv, 551, V. 321. 410.
vi. 245. 624.
am Hammerfback,v.3o8.
Zellenberg, ii. 603.
Zellin, V. in.
Zembia, i. 511.
Zembs, r. ii.
ßgy.
Zemonico, ii. 98.
ZsmpHn, ii. 60.
Zengh, ii. gj.
Zenta, ii. 106.
Zenth, ii. 43.
Zerbft, vi. 107.
Zerkwitz, vi. 578,
Zernigrod, ii. 164.
Zernowitz, i. 637.
Zernouta, r. i. 428.
Zevaco, iii. 1 14.
Zeven, vi. 220.
Zevenbergen, iii. 507.
Zevenwolden,

Zcvenwolden, üi. 538.
Zeulen, v. 396.
Zeiilenrode, vi. 153.
Zeyftj iii. 528,
Zezere, r. ii. 177.
Zia, ii. 151.
Zibreira, ii. 212.
Ziegenhain, V. 51.
Ziegenruck, v. 617.
Ziegefar, v. 6']'].
Zielenzieg, vi. 17.
Zienwald, v. c^"] ^.
Zicrenberg, v. 49
Ziefar, v. 677,
Zilah, ii. 6'i.
Zilly, vi. 366.
Zingft, vi. ']^.
Zinna, vi. 201.
Zinfel, r. ii.
594.
Zinfweiler, ii. 601,
Zinten, i.
549.
Zips, i. 603.
Zipfenhaus, ii. 58.
Zirkfee, iii. 521.
Zittau, iv. 136.
INDEX.
Zlatna, ii. 82.
Zloczow, i' 609.
Znio, ii. 29.
Znoymo, iv. 1 12.
Zobeln, i. (i^'^.
Zoblitz, V. 602.
Zoen, i. 190.
Zofingen, iii. 634.
Zoffingen, iii. 643,
Zoikiew, i. 607.
Zolyom, ii. 31.
Zombor, ii. 43.
Zons, iv. 564.
Zorberg, v. 587.
Zorndorf, vi, 11.
Zoflen, v. 675.
Zrin, ii.
94.
Zfchorlau, v. 608.
Zuccarello, iii. 105.
Zucca, iii. 82.
Zug, iii. 664.
ZuUichaw, iv. 19.
Zulpich, iv. 563.
Zulz, vi. 595.
Zumala, ii.
371.
Zurich, iii.
556, 598^
Zurita, ii. 307.
Zurzac, iii. 726.
Zul'marhaufen, v. 168.
Zutphen, iii. 476-8.
Zuytcotc, ii. 372.
Zwarte Sluis, iii. 546,
Zwenkau, v. 621.
Zwetz, iv. 175,
Zwickau, v. 608.^
Zwingenberg, iii.
497. iv..
Zwifel, v. 318.
Zwonigrod, ii.
97.
Zwonitz, v. 604.
Zwornick, ii. 122.
Zype, iii. 510.
Zytomierz, i. 612, 613»
Zywiec, i. 602.
Zwifalten, v. 254.
Zwingen, v. 15.
Zwoll, iii.
543,
Zywilfk, i. 4^2..
FINIS,

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