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hf
Fh
Crown wall height in metres.
Maximum horizontal force in N/m.
The application range for the variables is shown
in Figure 10.
Fv
Maximum up-lift force associated with
the wave that has generated the maximum
horizontal force in N/m.
ρ Water density in kg/m 3 .
g Gravity acceleration in m/s 2 .
Figure 10. Application range of the equations
Figure 11. Comparison between dimensionless forces estimated by the formulae
and the forces observed in the laboratory tests. In red, 95 % bands of confidence.
RMSE (1) associated with the square root fitting
(Figure 11) is 0.16 for Fh (r 2 = 0.84) and 0.14 for
Fv (r 2 = 0.86).
Relative mean square errors for each of the nondimensionless
formulae are given in Figure 12 below:
Figure 12. Relative mean square error for each one of the formulae
PIANC E-Magazine n° 144, November/novembre 2011 38