crimes committed by totalitarian regimes - Ministrstvo za pravosodje

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Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes 4. Organisational units reporting to the bodies listed in Points 1–3; 5. Organisational units of the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Sluzba Bezpieczenstwa Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych), as well as its local units in voivodeship (regional), poviat (county) and equivalent headquarters of the Citizens’ Militia (Milicja Obywatelska), and in voivodeship (regional), poviat (county) and equivalent offices of internal affairs; 6. The Reconnaissance Department of the Border Guard Forces (Zwiad Wojsk Ochrony Pogranicza); 7. The Main Directorate of the Military Internal Service (Zarzad Glowny Sluzby Wewnetrznej) of military units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, alongside with its subordinates; 8. The Information of the Polish Army (Informacja Wojska Polskiego), the Main Directorate of Information of the General Command the Polish Army (Zarzad Informacji Naczelnego Dowodztwa Wojska Polskiego), the Management of Information of the Polish Army (Kierownictwo Informacji Wojska Polskiego), the Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army (Glowny Zarzad Informacji Wojska Polskiego), alongside with their respective subordinates; 9. The Military Internal Service (Wojskowa Sluzba Wewnetrzna); 10. The Main Directorate II of the General Staff of the Polish Army (Zarzad II Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego); 11. Other services of the Armed Forces dealing with operational and reconnaissance or investigation activities, including ones working for particular arms and located in military districts. The state security authorities, as per the Act, are to be considered also units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs which, by law, were subject to dissolution on establishment of the Office for State Protection (Urzad Ochrony Państwa), as well as their predecessors and bodies and military and civil authorities of foreign countries whose tasks were similar to those of the entities listed in Points 1–11. The Act on The Institute of National Remembrance defines precisely the final dates of documents, as produced by these authorities, to be submitted to the Institute from, e.g., the Internal Security Agency and the Intelligence Agency transfer documents, data collections, registers and card files produced no later than by 6 May 1990, and in case of the archives of the Military Information Services - until 31 December 1990. The time limits, as specified in the Act, required that time-consuming archival activities be undertaken connected with separation of the documentation (e.g. into documents from the Internal Security Agency dated by 6 May, which were to be transferred to the Institute, and ones produced later, to be retained at the Agency’s disposal), frequently creation of a new file and its preparation anew. The work was done officers of the state protection services. The Institute of National Remembrance should also obtain a part of the state archives, kept by Director of the National Archives (Archiwa Panstwowe), mainly copies of files of the Polish Workers’ Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza) and the Polish United Workers’ Party (Polska ZjednoczonaPartia Robotnicza) which deal exclusively with the state security authorities – so it is not about obtaining the whole of the archival resources. The files of the state security authorities, as taken over by The Institute of National Remembrance, include mainly operational documents alongside with personal files and files of secret collaborators, documents concerning contact spots and conspiratorial flats, operational contact files, control and investigation files with “anti-state”, “espionage” and “sabotage-subversion” cases, as well as files with “object-problem” cases. A large part of the documentation comprises dossiers of officers of the Ministry of Public Security of Poland, Security Service and the Citizens’ Militia, civil employees and military professionals of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. As far as the Police archives, the Institute obtained mainly files of officers of the Ministry of Public Security of Poland and the Citizens’ Militia until 1954, and the Ministry of Public Security of Poland and the Security Service until 1990, as well as a significant number of files of the administrative authorities (e.g. investigation records in the years 1944–54, reports, normative documentation), and passport files. The latter comprise the largest archival collection. Altogether, the department of archives of The Institute of National Remembrance has gathered ca 43 km of passport files, including almost than 7 kilometres to be accessed at the Office for Preservation and Dissemination of Archival Records, whereas another 36 km are kept in the Branch Offices for Preservation and Dissemination of Archival Records. The documents originating in the Ministry of Internal Affairs include ones belonging to the organisational entities of this ministry and produced in connection with their activities, which do not constitute operational materials and dossiers. One should also mention documents of the security 182
Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes authorities that were produced in connection with the key events in the history of the Peoples’ Republic of Poland: the Poznan June 1956, the March 1968, the December 1970 protests, the 1976 protests in Radom and Ursus, the establishment of the Independent Self-governing Trade Union “Solidarity” and the Martial Law, as well as ones pertaining to fighting against the Polish democratic opposition. A part of the resources comprises collections of legislative acts concerning state security authorities (e.g. ordinances, resolutions, decisions, orders, circular letters, and personal orders). Some of the files, as obtained by the Institute, are in the form of microfilms. Documents of the military security services comprise materials handed over mainly by the Military Information Services. These were received exclusively by the Office for Preservation and Dissemination of Archival Records. These groups of archival records comprise mostly operational documentation and dossiers of officers and civilians employed by the military security services (the Information of the Polish Army, the Military Internal Service and the Main Directorate II of the General Staff of the Polish Army). The Office for Preservation and Dissemination of Archival Records has also other records produced by the military security services, including files of military courts and prosecutor’s offices, handed over by the Central Military Archives (Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe), the archives of the Ministry of National Defence (Archiwum Instytucji Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej), the archives of the Polish Air Forces and Air Defence (Archiwum Wojsk Lotniczych i Obrony Powietrznej), and the archives of the Polish Land Forces (Archiwum Wojsk Ladowych) in Warsaw, as well as the National Archives of the Capital City of Warsaw. Another file group is made of documents obtained from the archives of the Correctional Service of Poland (Sluzba Wiezienna). These comprise mainly penitentiary files of persons who were victimised by the state for political reasons, including people sent to internment camps under the Martial Law. The Office for Preservation and Dissemination of Archival Records has obtained files from the Main Directorate of the Correctional Service of Poland (Centralny Zarzad Sluzby Wieziennej) and from units reporting to the District Inspectorate of the Correctional Service of Poland (Okregowy Inspektorat Sluzby Wieziennej) in Warsaw, whereas the Branch Offices received files originating from other district inspectorates. The archival resources of The Institute of National Remembrance are also made up of case files of people who were repressed for political reasons, produced by common courts of law and public prosecutor’s offices. Most of them come from the 70s and 80s of the 20 th century. A slight portion of the stock comprises materials delivered by individuals by means of donations. These materials deal with important events in the history of the state and nation. Sent or handed over in person, they frequently constitute most valuable personal memorabilia. In order to grant access to as many documents as possible of the ones produced by the state security authorities, a simplified mode of file preparation was applied, which was reduced to listing the files by electronic, and thus more precise, means. Following the 2007 amendment of the Act on The Institute of National Remembrance and the Act on disclosure of information about documents of the security services of the years 1944–90, as well as the content of such documents, access to the documents contained within the archives of the Institute has become a general right. Limitation with respect to access to the files concerns only people who used to employees, officers or secret informers or operational aids. Such persons have the right to access materials that concern themselves, excluding ones that were produced in connection with the work, service or undercover collaboration. Moreover, such persons are not entitled, as opposed to the other applicants, to receive copies of documents or personal data of employees and officers of the Communist state security authorities. Each citizen has also acquired the right to access documents pertaining to public figures, as listed in the Act on disclosure of information about documents of the security services. The Institute of National Remembrance is obliged to publish, in the Public Information Bulletin, information about documents, as collected by itself, concerning public figures. General access to such data will be safeguarded via publication thereof on the Internet. Irrespectively of the electronic form in which to access documents concerning public figures, everyone may familiarise him-/herself, on submission of a referent application form, with these in person in one of the 11 Branches of the Institute. What is crucial, apart from access to documents concerning public figures, each citizen may apply to be granted access to data concerning people who performed managerial functions in the Polish Workers’ Party, the Polish United Workers’ Party, the United Peoples’ Party (Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe) and the Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Demokratyczne), as well as ones who were members 183
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CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN RE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE Lovro Št
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IV. REMEMBRANCE, RECOGNITION AND PU
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Crimes committed by totalitarian re
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crimes committed by totalitarian regimes - Ministrstvo za pravosodje

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