Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism - Physiological Reviews

July 2000 CREATINE AND CREATININE METABOLISM 1185
HENRY I, VAN CONG N, BRUGIÈRES L, JUNIEN C, AND JEAN-
PIERRE C. Isolation of kidney complementary DNAs down-expressed
in Wilms’ tumor by a subtractive hybridization approach.
Cancer Res 53: 2888–2894, 1993.
38. AWAJI Y, HASHIMOTO H, MATSUI Y, KAWAGUCHI K, OKU-
MURA K, ITO T, AND SATAKE T. Isoenzyme profiles of creatine
kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase in
the diabetic heart: comparison with hereditary and catecholamine
cardiomyopathies. Cardiovasc Res 24: 547–554, 1990.
39. AZUSHIMA C. Guanidino compounds in various tissues of the rats
with chronic or acute renal failure. Jpn J Nephrol 27: 1161–1170,
1985.
40. BACHE RJ, ZHANG J, PATH G, MERKLE H, HENDRICH K, FROM
AHL, AND UGURBIL K. High-energy phosphate responses to tachycardia
and inotropic stimulation in left ventricular hypertrophy.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 266: H1959–H1970, 1994.
41. BAGGETTO LG, CLOTTES E, AND VIAL C. Low mitochondrial
proton leak due to high membrane cholesterol content and cytosolic
creatine kinase as two features of the deviant bioenergetics
of Ehrlich and AS30-D tumor cells. Cancer Res 52: 4935–4941,
1992.
42. BAILLY J, MACKENZIE AE, LEBLOND S, AND KORNELUK RG.
Assessment of a creatine kinase isoform M defect as a cause of
myotonic dystrophy and the characterization of two novel CKMM
polymorphisms. Hum Genet 86: 457–462, 1991.
43. BALESTRINO M, REBAUDO R, AND LUNARDI G. Exogenous
creatine delays anoxic depolarization and protects from hypoxic
damage: dose-effect relationship. Brain Res 816: 124–130, 1999.
44. BALSOM PD, EKBLOM B, SÖDERLUND K, SJÖDIN B, AND HULT-
MAN E. Creatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity
intermittent exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 3: 143–149, 1993.
45. BALSOM PD, HARRIDGE SDR, SÖDERLUND K, SJÖDIN B, AND
EKBLOM B. Creatine supplementation per se does not enhance
endurance exercise performance. Acta Physiol Scand 149: 521–
523, 1993.
46. BALSOM PD, SÖDERLUND K, AND EKBLOM B. Creatine in humans
with special reference to creatine supplementation. Sports
Med 18: 268–280, 1994.
47. BALSOM PD, SÖDERLUND K, SJÖDIN B, AND EKBLOM B. Skeletal
muscle metabolism during short-duration high-intensity exercise:
influence of creatine supplementation. Acta Physiol Scand
154: 303–310, 1995.
48. BANERJEE A, GROSSO MA, BROWN JM, ROGERS KB, AND
WHITMAN GJR. Oxygen metabolite effects on creatine kinase and
cardiac energetics after reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ
Physiol 261: H590–H597, 1991.
49. BARBIROLI B, MONTAGNA P, CORTELLI P, MARTINELLI P,
SACQUEGNA T, ZANIOL P, AND LUGARESI E. Complicated migraine
studied by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Cephalalgia 10: 263–272, 1990.
50. BARBIROLI B, MONTAGNA P, MARTINELLI P, LODI R, IOTTI S,
CORTELLI P, FUNICELLO R, AND ZANIOL P. Defective brain
energy metabolism shown by in vivo 31 P MR spectroscopy in 28
patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. J Cereb Blood Flow
Metab 13: 469–474, 1993.
51. BARNETT C, HINDS M, AND JENKINS DG. Effects of oral creatine
supplementation on multiple sprint cycle performance. Aust J Sci
Med Sport 28: 35–39, 1996.
52. BARNWELL LFS, CHAUDHURI G, AND TOWNSEL JG. Cloning
and sequencing of a cDNA encoding a novel member of the human
brain GABA/noradrenaline neurotransmitter transporter family.
Gene 159: 287–288, 1995.
53. BARSOTTI G, BEVILACQUA G, MORELLI E, CAPPELLI P,
BALESTRI PL, AND GIOVANNETTI S. Toxicity arising from guanidine
compounds: role of methylguanidine as a uremic toxin.
Kidney Int 7 Suppl: S299–S301, 1975.
54. BAUDET S, KUZNETSOV A, MERCIAI N, GORZA L, AND VEN-
TURA-CLAPIER R. Biochemical, mechanical and energetic characterization
of right ventricular hypertrophy in the ferret heart. J
Mol Cell Cardiol 26: 1573–1586, 1994.
55. BEARD HH. Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism. Brooklyn, NY:
Chemical Publishing, 1943.
56. BEIS I AND NEWSHOLME EA. The contents of adenine nucleo-
tides, phosphagens and some glycolytic intermediates in resting
muscles from vertebrates and invertebrates. Biochem J 152: 23–
32, 1975.
57. BENEDICT JD, KALINSKY HJ, SCARRONE LA, WERTHEIM AR,
AND STETTEN D. The origin of urinary creatine in progressive
muscular dystrophy. J Clin Invest 34: 141–145, 1955.
58. BENNETT SE, BEVINGTON A, AND WALLS J. Regulation of intracellular
creatine in erythrocytes and myoblasts: influence of uraemia
and inhibition of Na,K-ATPase. Cell Biochem Funct 12: 99–
106, 1994.
59. BERGNES G AND KADDURAH-DAOUK R. Synthesis and creatine
kinase inhibitory activity of non-hydrolyzable analogs of phosphocreatine.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 7: 1021–1026, 1997.
60. BERGNES G, YUAN W, KHANDEKAR VS, O’KEEFE MM, MAR-
TIN KJ, TEICHER BA, AND KADDURAH-DAOUK R. Creatine and
phosphocreatine analogs: anticancer activity and enzymatic analysis.
Oncol Res 8: 121–130, 1996.
61. BERLET HH, BONSMANN I, AND BIRRINGER H. Occurrence of
free creatine, phosphocreatine and creatine phosphokinase in
adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta 437: 166–174, 1976.
62. BERMON S, VENEMBRE P, SACHET C, VALOUR S, AND DOLISI
C. Effects of creatine monohydrate ingestion in sedentary and
weight-trained older adults. Acta Physiol Scand 164: 147–155,
1998.
63. BERSHADSKY AD AND GELFAND VI. ATP-dependent regulation
of cytoplasmic microtubule disassembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
78: 3610–3613, 1981.
64. BEUTNER G, RÜCK A, RIEDE B, AND BRDICZKA D. Complexes
between porin, hexokinase, mitochondrial creatine kinase and
adenylate translocator display properties of the permeability transition
pore. Implication for regulation of permeability transition
by the kinases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1368: 7–18, 1998.
65. BEYER C, HOENDERDOS A, MAIRUHU WM, STATIUS VAN EPS
LW, AND VAN DEN ENDE A. Evaluative and comparative study of
an enzymatic method using creatine kinase for the determination
of urinary creatine. Clin Chim Acta 136: 263–270, 1984.
66. BIRCH R, NOBLE D, AND GREENHAFF PL. The influence of
dietary creatine supplementation on performance during repeated
bouts of maximal isokinetic cycling in man. Eur J Appl Physiol 69:
268–270, 1994.
67. BITTL JA, BALSCHI JA, AND INGWALL JS. Contractile failure and
high-energy phosphate turnover during hypoxia: 31 P-NMR surface
coil studies in living rat. Circ Res 60: 871–878, 1987.
68. BITTL JA AND INGWALL JS. Intracellular high-energy phosphate
transfer in normal and hypertrophied myocardium. Circulation 75
Suppl I: I-96–I-101, 1987.
69. BITTL JA, WEISFELDT ML, AND JACOBUS WE. Creatine kinase of
heart mitochondria. The progressive loss of enzyme activity during
in vivo ischemia and its correlation to depressed myocardial
function. J Biol Chem 260: 208–214, 1985.
70. BJERVE KS, EGENSE J, LAMPINEN L-M, AND MASSON P. Evaluation
of several creatinine methods in search for a suitable
secondary reference method. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 48: 365–
373, 1988.
71. BLIJENBERG BG, BROUWER RJ, BAADENHUIJSEN H, AND
BOERMA GJM. Creatinine and surveys: an assessment. Eur J Clin
Chem Clin Biochem 33: 855–858, 1995.
72. BLOCH K AND SCHOENHEIMER R. Studies in protein metabolism.
XI. The metabolic relation of creatine and creatinine studied
with isotopic nitrogen. J Biol Chem 131: 111–119, 1939.
73. BOEHM E, VEKSLER V, MATEO P, LENOBLE C, WIERINGA B,
AND VENTURA-CLAPIER R. Maintained coupling of oxidative
phosphorylation to creatine kinase activity in sarcomeric mitochondrial
creatine kinase-deficient mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 30:
901–912, 1998.
74. BOEHM EA, RADDA GK, TOMLIN H, AND CLARK JF. The utilisation
of creatine and its analogues by cytosolic and mitochondrial
creatine kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1274: 119–128, 1996.
75. BOGDANIS GC, NEVILL ME, BOOBIS LH, AND LAKOMY HKA.
Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy
supply during repeated sprint exercise. J Appl Physiol 80:
876–884, 1996.
76. BOLAÑOS JP, ALMEIDA A, STEWART V, PEUCHEN S, LAND JM,