YEARS OF EUROPEAN ONLINE ANNÉES DE EN LIGNE ...

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Since the working group was set up, a number of signiicant changes have taken place. • Electronic signatures have been introduced in electronic legal gazettes. • Secure servers have been established for the delivery of electronic gazettes. • Certiicates have been used with secure servers. • Legislative reforms have been implemented concerning the status of electronic legal gazettes. • Authentic and consolidated law has been made available in electronic form. • the number of paper copies of legal gazettes has been cut down. historically, there are national milestones in the development of electronic legal gazettes. • Estonia: 23 January 2001: the paper and electronic versions are equal; from 1 January 2007: the electronic version became the only authentic one. • Belgium: 1 January 2003: the electronic version is not authentic, but is the only version widely available (ive paper copies are authentic); in addition a help desk with free-of-charge access is described in the law and a summary of the legal gazette is available at each court. • Austria: 1 January 2004: only an electronic version, which is authentic, is available. In addition, non-authentic electronic versions (htmL/PDf) and ive paper copies for archiving. • France: 1 July 2004: the paper and electronic versions are equally authentic. • Hungary: 1 January 2006: the electronic version of the legal gazette has been made authentic. • Portugal: 1 July 2006: the electronic version became the authentic oficial journal. the acts only become oficial after their publication in the electronic journal at www.dre.pt. the paper version of the oficial journal has not been published since 31 December 2006. • Slovenia: 1 January 2007: the paper and electronic versions are equally authentic; in case of conlict, the electronic version prevails. • Denmark: 1 January 2008: the electronic version will become the only authentic one. the national reports, meeting reports and other documents of the working group are available at the forum website. 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 98 6-12-2007 15:13:51
WORKSHOP the working group has focused on the following questions. 1. what is the relation of the electronic version to the paper version of the legal gazette? 2. what kind of technical tools are available for the authentication of electronic legal gazettes? 3. what kind of reliable processes are necessary in the production and distribution of electronic legal gazettes? 4. what is the quality control in the production chain? 5. which tools and methods of authentication are generic and also could be used in other countries? 6. what level of reliability and authenticity is suficient? 7. what kind of guidelines and good practices can be spread within the European forum of Oficial Gazettes? the authenticity of electronic legal documents has to be analysed in the framework of information security and general security attributes of electronic documents. the relevant security attributes of electronic legal documents are: • integrity, • authenticity, • availability, • utility (usefulness), • control. these attributes of information are non-overlapping, and refer to unique aspects of information. Any information security breach can be described as affecting one or more of these fundamental attributes of information. Integrity refers to being correct or consistent with the intended state of information. Any unauthorised modiication of data, whether deliberate or accidental, is a breach of data integrity. for example, data stored on a server are expected to be stable — they are not supposed to be changed at random by problems with the operating system. Similarly, application programs are supposed to record information correctly. One additional attribute of integrity could be traceability — the possibility to trace any amendments made to the original texts, in order to guarantee the origin and integrity of the text. Availability means having timely access to information. for example, disk crashes and denial-of-service attacks both cause a breach of availability. Any delay that exceeds the expected service levels for a system can be described as a breach of availability. 98 | 99 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 99 6-12-2007 15:13:51
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Speeches and proceedings 25th anniv
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25 YEARS OF ONLINE THE EVENT 25 ANN
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INTRODUCTION APRèS LA PUBLICAtION
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wORKShOP Legal XmL — Use of XmL f
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Cette énumération des participant
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sion a fait de l’initiative «mie
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II. «mIEUX LéGIféRER» Et L’AC
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• et L. E. Allen, spécialiste de
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La création d’un réseau de coop
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Stele so weit nähern, dass er den
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nicht autorisierte Abschrift der of
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„Die Anforderungen und Bedingunge
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hat, „Zugänglichkeit und Verstä
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Old testament. this passage is set
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this checkpoint is given a Priority
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knowledge of the law. Adults, child
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It is a dificult task to predict th
Page 47 and 48: MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
Page 49 and 50: SOUVENIRS D’UNE DÉLÉGUÉE NATIO
Page 51 and 52: EUR-LEX TODAY AND TOMORROW After mo
Page 59 and 60: DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL INFORMA
Page 67 and 68: LIFE AS A CELEX HOST INtRODUCtION I
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Page 79 and 80: WORKSHOP • publishing technologie
Page 81 and 82: WORKSHOP • NiR and the NiR editor
Page 83 and 84: WORKSHOP tors, thus providing the o
Page 85 and 86: WORKSHOP 3. SCOPE the expected resu
Page 87 and 88: WORKSHOP gestützt auf die Verordnu
Page 89 and 90: WORKSHOP which describe general com
Page 91 and 92: WORKSHOP Arithmetic Poetry. Ameri
Page 93 and 94: WORKSHOP Metadata fields collected
Page 95 and 96: WORKSHOP tion of the common metadat
Page 97: ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING OF LEGISLATIO
Page 101 and 102: WORKSHOP • the integrity of a rec
Page 103 and 104: WORKSHOP Examples of different appr
Page 105 and 106: WORKSHOP conidence uses certiicatio
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Page 111 and 112: WORKSHOP 3.2.4. ARE THERE ACTS, DEC
Page 113 and 114: WORKSHOP Electronic signature of PD
Page 115 and 116: WORKSHOP formats are available: htm
Page 117 and 118: WORKSHOP the chain of conidence is
Page 119 and 120: WORKSHOP the object of SOLON is to
Page 121 and 122: WORKSHOP 5. A secure session is now
Page 123 and 124: WORKSHOP ESTONIA A certiicate-based
Page 125 and 126: WORKSHOP ertheless, some assistance
Page 127 and 128: WORKSHOP (b) If the system is XmL-b
Page 129 and 130: COHERENCE OF TERMINOLOGY AND SEARCH
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Page 133 and 134: WORKSHOP Article 4(2) of Directive
Page 135 and 136: WORKSHOP the tool could prove to be
Page 137 and 138: EUR-LEX: FROM DATA STRUCTURES TO LE
Page 139 and 140: WORKSHOP duces a ‘magic result’
Page 141 and 142: WORKSHOP sion of the current one, i
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Page 145 and 146: WORKSHOP focus on text representati
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WORKSHOP REfERENCES Bench-Capon, t.
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TEXT MINING 1. INtRODUCtION the gro
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WORKSHOP uments. the tasks and obje
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WORKSHOP In order to create more ef
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WORKSHOP jects. the problem, howeve
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WORKSHOP space and their maintenanc
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WORKSHOP the success of the impleme
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WORKSHOP Thesauri thesauri are cont
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WORKSHOP knowledge which are reusab
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WORKSHOP fuhr, Norbert. 2004. Infor
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WORKSHOP Oberle, Daniel; Staab, Ste
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En tant que déléguée de la Grèc
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PRESS REVIEW / REVUE DE PRESSE " 17
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