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deals with fruit plantations, it should be classiied in the second group. the
third group is relevant if, for instance, materials for furniture are discussed. the
fourth group is based on a metaphoric application of the term; it deals with
electricity or artiicial illumination.
2. mEthODOLOGICAL PARtICULARItIES Of tEXt mINING
the methodologies of text mining include technologies developed in the
context of computer linguistics or linguistic informatics. Actually it is underlined
that text mining has led to a revival of the corresponding ideas and features.
In particular, mathematical and statistical approaches are supposed to be
of high importance. the identiication of so-called stop words — functional
words which describe relations between terms without having a special meaning
of their own — and the calculation of word frequencies are of basic interest.
they contribute to the analysing of those patterns which are essential to
the relevant meaning of the text. the methods may be paraphrased, as done
by hippner and Rentzmann (2006):
(text) ‘mining methoden: Nachdem terme aus den textdokumenten extrahiert
worden sind und die textuellen Daten somit eine Struktur erhalten
haben, können Verfahren angewandt werden, die aus dem klassischen
Data mining bekannt sind: texte können automatisch vorgegebenen Kategorien
zugeordnet werden (Klassiikation) oder sie können so gruppiert
werden, dass ähnliche texte zusammengeführt werden (Segmentierung).
Ebenso kann das gemeinsame Auftreten von termen analysiert werden
(Abhängigkeitsanalyse).’ ( 2 )
In an extension of the abovementioned example, this could lead to the
recognition of ‘pear’ (Birne) being a central term of the document. It is, however,
still not known which of the different meanings is concerned. Ontologies
could help to take other terms into account as well, and to inally arrive at a
clear document classiication. the network of an ontological description of the
concepts around Birne is certainly much more complex than this illustration
might express:
( 2 ) translation: ‘text-mining methods: After the extraction of expressions from text
documents thus giving textual data a structure, methods can be applied which are wellknown
from classical data-mining: texts can be associated to predeined categories
(classiication) or they can be grouped in a way that similar texts are brought together
(segmentation). It is also possible to analyse the existence of expressions in common
(analysis of dependencies).’
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