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mcCarty, L. t., ‘A language for legal discourse: I. Basic features’, Proceedings of the 2nd ICAIL (Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1989), ACm Press, New york, Ny, 1989, pp. 180–189. miller, G. A. et al., five papers on wordNet, CSL Report 43, Princeton University 1990: Cognitive Science Laboratory, ftp://ftp.cogsci.princeton.edu/pub/wordnet/5papers.ps. moens, m.-f. et al., ‘Abstracting of legal cases: the Salomon experience’, Proceedings of the 6th ICAIL (melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1997), ACm Press, New york, Ny, 1997, pp. 114–122. Ofice for Oficial Publications of the European Communities, 25 years of European law online, Luxembourg 2006. Schweighofer, E. et al., ‘Improvement of vector representation of legal documents with legal ontologies’, Proceedings of the 5th BIS (Poznan, PL, 2002), Poznan University of Economics Press, Poznan, PL, 2002. Schweighofer, E., wissenrepräsentation in Information Systemen am Beispiel des EU- Rechts, Dissertation, Universität wien (published wUV; with Addendum XmL), 1995/2000. Schweighofer, E., Legal knowledge representation: automatic text analysis in public international and European law, Kluwer Law International, the hague, 1999. Smith, J. C. et al., ‘Artiicial intelligence and legal discourse: the flexlaw legal text management system’, Artificial Intelligence and Law, Vol. 3/1-2 (1995), Kluwer, Dordrecht et al., NL, 1995, pp. 55–95. Stranieri, A. and Zeleznikow, J., Knowledge discovery from legal databases, Dordrecht, Springer, 2005. Valente, A., Legal knowledge engineering: a modelling approach, IOS Press, Amsterdam, NL, 1995. Visser, P. R. S. ‘Knowledge speciication for multiple legal tasks: a case study of the interaction problem in the legal domain’, Computer Law Series, Vol. 17, Kluwer Law International, the hague, NL, 1995. Vossen, P. (ed.) EurowordNet General Document (LE2-4003, LE4-8328), inal document (Version 3), 1993, available free at www.illc.uva.nl/EurowordNet/docs.html. w3C (mark van Assem, m., Gangemi, A. and Schreiber, G. (eds.)) RDf/OwL Representation of wordNet, 2006, http://www.w3.org/tR/2006/wD-wordnet-rdf-20060619/. 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 150 6-12-2007 15:14:03
TEXT MINING 1. INtRODUCtION the growth of electronically available information on the Internet has been enormous and is still increasing. In february 2006, the Google search engine offered access to more than 25 billion web pages. Eight years before, the igures were relatively low, with about 320 million pages. In its introduction, the EUR-Lex website currently mentions about 1.8 million documents in various languages which are accessible via this portal. In 2005, which was supposed to be a quiet year, more than 2 100 regulations were adopted in European legislation which meant over 44 000 new documents in EUR-Lex. Although these amounts seem relatively small in comparison with the igures on the Internet, a human client of the EUR-Lex system will be lost without an eficient support from corresponding electronic information retrieval systems. Nevertheless, it has to be underlined that, since computers irst started to store and retrieve information, individuals have been confronted with more and more information items. thanks to information technology research, retrieval methodologies have become more and more sophisticated and offered easier and better possibilities for information retrieval. It is today certainly understandable that users of information retrieval systems are very demanding about the quality of the results, and no longer by the quantity. what is the advantage when a search engine on the web confronts a user with millions of hits? Sometimes it helps if the retrieval parameters are reformulated; Boolean operators may also help to exclude some websites or at least to determine which kind of answer its a given request better. In many cases, however, this will not necessarily reduce the number of answers, but will perhaps place the most relevant answers on top of the list. however, this is not really an improvement of the retrieval result. Another problem in the same context is that accessible systems or portals are so complicated that users do not necessarily have the knowledge and experience to make the engines extract relevant data. this can be supported by the HOLGER BAGOLA Head of the Formats and Linguistic Tools Section, Publications Office 150 | 151 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 151 6-12-2007 15:14:05
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Speeches and proceedings 25th anniv
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25 YEARS OF ONLINE THE EVENT 25 ANN
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INTRODUCTION APRèS LA PUBLICAtION
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wORKShOP Legal XmL — Use of XmL f
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Cette énumération des participant
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sion a fait de l’initiative «mie
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II. «mIEUX LéGIféRER» Et L’AC
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• et L. E. Allen, spécialiste de
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La création d’un réseau de coop
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Stele so weit nähern, dass er den
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nicht autorisierte Abschrift der of
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„Die Anforderungen und Bedingunge
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hat, „Zugänglichkeit und Verstä
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Old testament. this passage is set
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this checkpoint is given a Priority
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knowledge of the law. Adults, child
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It is a dificult task to predict th
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MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
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SOUVENIRS D’UNE DÉLÉGUÉE NATIO
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EUR-LEX TODAY AND TOMORROW After mo
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DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL INFORMA
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LIFE AS A CELEX HOST INtRODUCtION I
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CONCLUSIONS first, I would like to
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En tant que déléguée de la Grèc
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LEGAL XML — USE OF XML FOR THE PR
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WORKSHOP • publishing technologie
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WORKSHOP • NiR and the NiR editor
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WORKSHOP tors, thus providing the o
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WORKSHOP 3. SCOPE the expected resu
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WORKSHOP gestützt auf die Verordnu
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WORKSHOP which describe general com
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WORKSHOP Arithmetic Poetry. Ameri
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WORKSHOP Metadata fields collected
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WORKSHOP tion of the common metadat
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ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING OF LEGISLATIO
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