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expiry of their certiicates (except with time stamping) or algorithms (RSA 1024, RSA 2048, ShA 1). the choice of electronic signature is very important to minimise the tasks to re-sign, but it is important to check compatibility with the tools used (navigators, Adobe Reader, Class Java, etc.). the irst re-signing operation in france was carried out at the ‘Direction des journaux oficiels’ in June 2006: all texts from 2 June 2005 onwards were re-signed (nearly 60 000 iles altogether). It took a week to conduct the ‘re-signature operation’ in accordance with good practice. the re-signing was conducted by a signatory with a technician and followed a protocol close to the original task of signature. Concerning time-stamp standards, a new OpentSA project has been started. Its aim is to develop an RfC 3161-compliant, stable, secure, open-source and free time-stamping authority client and server application. the following deliverables have already been produced. • A time-stamp patch for OpenSSL: the time-stamp request creation, response generation and response veriication functionality is implemented as an extension to the latest stable version of OpenSSL. this patch adds a new tS command to OpenSSL with which the time-stamping operations can be carried out. this patch and the time-stamp client have been merged into the oficial version of OpenSSL and will be available from OpenSSL- 0.9.9 onwards. • A time-stamp client: A simple command-line-driven tSA client that can be used for creating and sending time-stamp requests over httP or httPS to a tSA and for receiving and verifying the responses. the utility is distributed with the OpenSSL time-stamp patch. • A time-stamp module for Apache: this package is an extension module for the latest stable version of the Apache httP server. Using the functionality of the OpenSSL time-stamp patch, this module functions as an RfC 3161- compliant time-stamp server over httP and httPS transport protocols. Issued time-stamp tokens can be stored in a mySqL or fireBird database. further information can be found at www.opentsa.org. 8. GOOD PRACtICES IN thE AUthENtICAtION Of LEGAL GAZEttES: A PRELImINARy INVENtORy 8.1. General principles CUTTING DOWN THE NUMBER OF PAPER COPIES It is fairly easy to cut down the number of paper copies if the number of subscribers to the oficial gazette is, for example, between 500 and 2 000. Nev- 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 124 6-12-2007 15:14:00
WORKSHOP ertheless, some assistance should be given to citizens who do not have access to electronic media. Possible solutions are to start a help desk (as in Belgium) or to support access to paper documents at local libraries (as in Estonia) or at district courts (Belgium). for archiving, a few copies should be made and handed over to the national library and national archives. DEFINING THE LEVEL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND AUTHENTICITY — HOW MUCH AUTHENTICITY IS ENOUGH? with electronic copies being utilised to a growing extent, the risk that the electronic copies may not be authentic should be kept in mind. for the majority of users, the authenticated electronic versions of acts are not necessarily the most usable ones. for utilising and distributing the electronic versions, the authentic one may not be best one either, as studies in Austria and france have shown. In Austria, 51 % currently use the PDf version of the legal gazette, 36 % use the htmL version, 11 % use the word version and only 2.3 % use the authentic version, which incorporates an electronic signature. there are broadly similar results from Portugal, where the electronic version has been authentic since July 2006. It is accessible via a secure system, using httPS, and a non-secure system, with traditional httP protocol. Currently only about 7 % use the secure system. USING ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES Nowadays electronic signatures are used with electronic legal gazettes in only a small number of countries (Austria, france, Greece and Slovenia). the signature keys develop quickly and will have to be changed soon in many countries, for which a solution has to be found. One practical problem with electronic signatures is the limited period of validity. As a result long-term archiving will become a challenge in the near future. 8.2. Steps towards authenticity — A checklist 1. CHECK THE AVAILABILITY OF PDF make PDf iles available if the legal gazette is not yet available in PDf format. (a) PDf is a standard format in the information market (easy to use, easy to transfer). (b) XmL is another option. 124 | 125 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 125 6-12-2007 15:14:00
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Speeches and proceedings 25th anniv
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25 YEARS OF ONLINE THE EVENT 25 ANN
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INTRODUCTION APRèS LA PUBLICAtION
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wORKShOP Legal XmL — Use of XmL f
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Cette énumération des participant
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sion a fait de l’initiative «mie
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II. «mIEUX LéGIféRER» Et L’AC
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• et L. E. Allen, spécialiste de
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La création d’un réseau de coop
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Stele so weit nähern, dass er den
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nicht autorisierte Abschrift der of
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„Die Anforderungen und Bedingunge
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hat, „Zugänglichkeit und Verstä
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Old testament. this passage is set
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this checkpoint is given a Priority
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knowledge of the law. Adults, child
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It is a dificult task to predict th
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MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
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SOUVENIRS D’UNE DÉLÉGUÉE NATIO
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EUR-LEX TODAY AND TOMORROW After mo
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DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL INFORMA
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LIFE AS A CELEX HOST INtRODUCtION I
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PRESS REVIEW / REVUE DE PRESSE " 17
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