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the next step conirms that the server is actually located at the same network address speciied by the domain name in the server certiicate. Users must perform this step and must refuse to authenticate the server or establish a connection if the domain names do not match. If the server’s actual domain name matches the domain name in the server certiicate, the client goes on to next step, where the server is authenticated. the SSL protocol supports the use of a variety of different cryptographic algorithms, or ciphers, for use in operations such as authenticating the server and client to each other and transmitting certiicates. well-known algorithms include: • <strong>DE</strong>S (Data Encryption Standard): an encryption algorithm used by the US government, • DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm): part of the digital authentication standard, • RSA: a public-key algorithm for both encryption and authentication, developed by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. Among the open-source products, the modSSL module provides strong cryptography for the Apache 1.3 web server via the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and transport Layer Security (tLS v1) protocols by the help of the open-source SSL/tLS toolkit OpenSSL. Additional information can be found at www.modssl.org. further information on OpenSSL can found at http:// www.openssl.org/about/. Practices FRANCE A secure server with a certiicate is used in the Journal officiel. 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 122 6-12-2007 15:13:59
WORKSHOP ESTONIA A certiicate-based httPS web server has been established for the legal gazette. It incorporates a thawte certiicate, which guarantees validity. PORTUGAL A certiicate-based httPS web server has been established for the legal gazette. It incorporates a multicert certiicate guaranteeing validity, which means that a root authority has taken steps to verify that the web address actually belongs to the publisher of the legal gazette, INCm. 7. OthER mEASURES Of AUth<strong>EN</strong>tICAtION 7.1. Software for online authentication In addition to these different methods of authentication of electronic legal gazettes, a number of other measures can be used. In Hungary, the user of an electronic legal gazette has the possibility to check online the authenticity of the document using speciic software. the hungarian publisher of the legal gazette, magyar hivatalos Közlönykiadó, has developed a separate technological process to the electronic version of legal texts and oficial journals, based on an ShA-512 algorithm. It determines whether electronic versions of oficial journals that were earlier downloaded or were purchased are oficial or not. the monitoring program and the instructions for use can be downloaded from the ‘hitelesség’ (= authentiication) link of the website www.magyarkozlony.hu. the authentication program (Auth) asks for the location and name of the oficial journal ile and sends the hash code made from the user’s ile to the server of mhK, where — after identiication — the answer yes or no is given. however, experience shows that very few users have actually used the possibility to conirm the authenticity of the electronic legal gazette in hungary. Authentication with speciic software may be dificult or even impossible on certain workstations, if the user is not allowed to install the software. 7.2. Use of time stamps in the resigning of electronic signatures the validity of electronically signed legal gazettes or other documents will become a serious challenge in the near future, since electronic signatures are usually only valid for a limited period, such as two or three years. In france, the Journal officiel has experience in the re-signing of electronic documents. the texts of legal gazettes will have to be re-signed after the 122 | 123 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 123 6-12-2007 15:13:59
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Speeches and proceedings 25th anniv
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25 YEARS OF ONLINE THE EVENT 25 ANN
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INTRODUCTION APRèS LA PUBLICAtION
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wORKShOP Legal XmL — Use of XmL f
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Cette énumération des participant
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sion a fait de l’initiative «mie
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II. «mIEUX LéGIféRER» Et L’AC
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• et L. E. Allen, spécialiste de
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La création d’un réseau de coop
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Stele so weit nähern, dass er den
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nicht autorisierte Abschrift der of
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„Die Anforderungen und Bedingunge
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hat, „Zugänglichkeit und Verstä
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Old testament. this passage is set
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this checkpoint is given a Priority
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knowledge of the law. Adults, child
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It is a dificult task to predict th
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MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
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SOUVENIRS D’UNE DÉLÉGUÉE NATIO
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EUR-LEX TODAY AND TOMORROW After mo
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DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL INFORMA
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LIFE AS A CELEX HOST INtRODUCtION I
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Page 91 and 92: WORKSHOP Arithmetic Poetry. Ameri
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Page 95 and 96: WORKSHOP tion of the common metadat
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Page 103 and 104: WORKSHOP Examples of different appr
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Page 133 and 134: WORKSHOP Article 4(2) of Directive
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Page 137 and 138: EUR-LEX: FROM DATA STRUCTURES TO LE
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PRESS REVIEW / REVUE DE PRESSE " 17
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