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signatures usually have a limited time of validity. the challenge of renewal of signatures will be signiicant in the coming years. the third challenge is related to reform and data transfer. Electronic signatures break when changing the document format. technological developments, harmonisation attempts and also new legal guidelines cause changes of user data and signature formats over the years. with electronically signed documents, format changes are problematical, since changing the format breaks the original signature. A similar problem arises during the digitalisation of paper documents. If, for instance, a document signed by hand is digitised, the signature loses its validity. the legal authenticity of the transformed document is at least doubtful. Practices FRANCE two types of electronic signatures are used in the chain of conidence. XAdES is used in most cases with a higher level of authentication as a nonintrusive signature, and PDf(#PKCS7) as an intrusive signature. A time stamp for the XAdES texts can extend the certiicate period of validity (beyond the initial two years), in accordance with the RfC 1305 Network time Protocol and the speciic time-stamp protocol RfC 3161 Internet X509 PKI time-Stamp Protocol (tSP). In france the software of choice for managing the time stamp has been nCipher Appliance. It includes a new tool to ‘re-sign’ the texts at the end of validity of the certiicate. A Crypto Box is used to keep secure the private keys for the publication’s signature. (these keys are not personal keys but bear the name of the oficial gazette.) AUSTRIA An XmL-based digital signature has been used since 2004. the documents leaving the secure worklow will be signed electronically on an XmL basis, using XmL-DSIG. It is a serverbased electronic signature by the federal Chancellery. An example of the use of qualiied electronic signature is in the Austrian database of authentic legislation (BGBL Autentisch), where four 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 114 6-12-2007 15:13:54
WORKSHOP formats are available: htmL, PDf, word and authentic XmL text. In the Austrian service, the digital signature can be viewed and veriied separately. GREECE A PDf signature is used in the electronic version of the Greek legal gazette. the PDf signature includes a link to the document status window or veriication page, where it is possible to check the signature data and the validity of the document. 114 | 115 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 115 6-12-2007 15:13:55
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Speeches and proceedings 25th anniv
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25 YEARS OF ONLINE THE EVENT 25 ANN
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INTRODUCTION APRèS LA PUBLICAtION
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wORKShOP Legal XmL — Use of XmL f
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Cette énumération des participant
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sion a fait de l’initiative «mie
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II. «mIEUX LéGIféRER» Et L’AC
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01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 22 6-12-20
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• et L. E. Allen, spécialiste de
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La création d’un réseau de coop
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Stele so weit nähern, dass er den
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nicht autorisierte Abschrift der of
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„Die Anforderungen und Bedingunge
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hat, „Zugänglichkeit und Verstä
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Old testament. this passage is set
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this checkpoint is given a Priority
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knowledge of the law. Adults, child
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It is a dificult task to predict th
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MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
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SOUVENIRS D’UNE DÉLÉGUÉE NATIO
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EUR-LEX TODAY AND TOMORROW After mo
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DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL INFORMA
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Page 63 and 64: MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
Page 67 and 68: LIFE AS A CELEX HOST INtRODUCtION I
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Page 77 and 78: LEGAL XML — USE OF XML FOR THE PR
Page 79 and 80: WORKSHOP • publishing technologie
Page 81 and 82: WORKSHOP • NiR and the NiR editor
Page 83 and 84: WORKSHOP tors, thus providing the o
Page 85 and 86: WORKSHOP 3. SCOPE the expected resu
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Page 89 and 90: WORKSHOP which describe general com
Page 91 and 92: WORKSHOP Arithmetic Poetry. Ameri
Page 93 and 94: WORKSHOP Metadata fields collected
Page 95 and 96: WORKSHOP tion of the common metadat
Page 97 and 98: ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING OF LEGISLATIO
Page 99 and 100: WORKSHOP the working group has focu
Page 101 and 102: WORKSHOP • the integrity of a rec
Page 103 and 104: WORKSHOP Examples of different appr
Page 105 and 106: WORKSHOP conidence uses certiicatio
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Page 109 and 110: WORKSHOP signature, is only publish
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Page 113: WORKSHOP Electronic signature of PD
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Page 119 and 120: WORKSHOP the object of SOLON is to
Page 121 and 122: WORKSHOP 5. A secure session is now
Page 123 and 124: WORKSHOP ESTONIA A certiicate-based
Page 125 and 126: WORKSHOP ertheless, some assistance
Page 127 and 128: WORKSHOP (b) If the system is XmL-b
Page 129 and 130: COHERENCE OF TERMINOLOGY AND SEARCH
Page 131 and 132: WORKSHOP nym for legal categories,
Page 133 and 134: WORKSHOP Article 4(2) of Directive
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Page 137 and 138: EUR-LEX: FROM DATA STRUCTURES TO LE
Page 139 and 140: WORKSHOP duces a ‘magic result’
Page 141 and 142: WORKSHOP sion of the current one, i
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Page 149 and 150: WORKSHOP REfERENCES Bench-Capon, t.
Page 151 and 152: TEXT MINING 1. INtRODUCtION the gro
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Page 155 and 156: WORKSHOP In order to create more ef
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WORKSHOP knowledge which are reusab
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WORKSHOP fuhr, Norbert. 2004. Infor
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WORKSHOP Oberle, Daniel; Staab, Ste
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En tant que déléguée de la Grèc
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PRESS REVIEW / REVUE DE PRESSE " 17
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