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In a similar manner, a SwOt analysis can be made of the use of secure servers and protocols. SWOT ANALYSIS OF AUTHENTICATION METHODS USE OF SECURE SERVERS AND CERTIFICATES Strengths — Eicient method for ensuring the data transfer — Several techniques and standards available, also open source — Data encryption is used Opportunities — Experience found in all countries, well-known techniques — Secure server easy to establish and maintain Weaknesses — Does nor guarantee the authenticity of documents — Diiculty to choose the most suitable combination of SSL and protocols — Progress in data encryption outdates the old one (40-bit encryption etc.) —> Risk of intrusion and hacking Threats — The standards and protocols develop constantly the countries planning to develop electronic version of the legal gazette have several possibilities and options. here are some examples. No specific authentication of the legal gazette If the producer of paper and electronic version is the same authority, the electronic version may be deemed to be authentic on the basis of the competence of the authority. Use of electronic signatures with legal gazettes If there is no worklow or if there are different processes for paper and electronic versions, it may be useful to attach electronic signatures to the electronic documents. Use of secure servers in the delivery of electronic legal gazettes If there is a secure worklow in the production of the legal gazette, it may be suficient to use secure servers with certiicates. Use of workflow in the production of electronic legal gazettes If the production of legal gazettes is decentralised and there is no secure worklow in the production of the legal gazette, it may be necessary to establish a secure worklow for the whole process or for the printing process. 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 102 6-12-2007 15:13:51
WORKSHOP Examples of different approaches Methods Country Remarks No speciication Use of worklow Use of secure servers and certiicates Use of electronic signatures Belgium, United Kingdom, Portugal, Norway Austria, Denmark, france, Portugal, Germany, finland Estonia, france, Greece, Portugal Austria, france, Greece, hungary, Slovenia Legislative changes No technical projects concerning authenticity of ofical journal the scope of worklow varies: only the publishing or the whole lawmaking process mostly servers with secure https protocol Also open source products Different signatures: server signatures, XmL signatures, XaDES signatures, PDf signatures 2. ON thE KEy CONCEPtS the working group has noticed that there is a plethora of concepts used in the discussion on electronic publishing of legislation. to clarify the differences between the key concepts, the working group has drawn up a list of key concepts with short descriptions or deinitions. the key concepts in the electronic publishing of legislation are: • authenticity/authentication of electronic documents, • chain of conidence, • digital or electronic signature/advanced or qualiied electronic signature, • electronic documents, • oficial electronic versions. Authenticity Authenticity refers to the quality and credibility of an electronic document (in this case the electronic act or the electronic legal gazette). It has something in common with genuineness, legitimacy, undisputed credibility and believability. Authentic implies being fully trustworthy in accordance with fact and with regard to documents in law, and authenticity (Greek: αυθεντικός, from ‘authentes’ = ‘author’) is the truthfulness of origins, attributions, commitments, sincerity and intentions, and not being a copy or forgery. As regards electronic legal text, authenticity means that text published is provided by the competent authority, that the text has not undergone any substantial 102 | 103 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 103 6-12-2007 15:13:52
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Speeches and proceedings 25th anniv
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25 YEARS OF ONLINE THE EVENT 25 ANN
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INTRODUCTION APRèS LA PUBLICAtION
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wORKShOP Legal XmL — Use of XmL f
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Cette énumération des participant
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sion a fait de l’initiative «mie
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II. «mIEUX LéGIféRER» Et L’AC
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• et L. E. Allen, spécialiste de
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La création d’un réseau de coop
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Stele so weit nähern, dass er den
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nicht autorisierte Abschrift der of
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„Die Anforderungen und Bedingunge
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hat, „Zugänglichkeit und Verstä
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Old testament. this passage is set
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this checkpoint is given a Priority
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knowledge of the law. Adults, child
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It is a dificult task to predict th
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MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
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SOUVENIRS D’UNE DÉLÉGUÉE NATIO
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Page 59 and 60: DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL INFORMA
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Page 85 and 86: WORKSHOP 3. SCOPE the expected resu
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Page 91 and 92: WORKSHOP Arithmetic Poetry. Ameri
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Page 95 and 96: WORKSHOP tion of the common metadat
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Page 119 and 120: WORKSHOP the object of SOLON is to
Page 121 and 122: WORKSHOP 5. A secure session is now
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Page 125 and 126: WORKSHOP ertheless, some assistance
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Page 133 and 134: WORKSHOP Article 4(2) of Directive
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WORKSHOP uments. the tasks and obje
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WORKSHOP In order to create more ef
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WORKSHOP space and their maintenanc
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WORKSHOP the success of the impleme
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WORKSHOP Thesauri thesauri are cont
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WORKSHOP knowledge which are reusab
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WORKSHOP fuhr, Norbert. 2004. Infor
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WORKSHOP Oberle, Daniel; Staab, Ste
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En tant que déléguée de la Grèc
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PRESS REVIEW / REVUE DE PRESSE " 17
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