YEARS OF EUROPEAN ONLINE ANNÉES DE EN LIGNE ...

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Utility equals usefulness. for example, if someone encrypted data on server or disk to prevent unauthorised access or undetected modiications, and then lost the decryption key, that would be a breach of utility. the data would be integral, authentic, and available — they just would not be useful in that form. the same goes for the storage of data in a format inappropriate for a speciic computer architecture, for example SGmL instead of XmL, EBCDIC instead of ASCII or a DVD-ROm instead of a 1.44 mb diskette. Control of information usually refers to the ownership of data and to the different possibilities to modify or delete data. the access control to databases with the ‘original versions’ of legal gazettes is a typical challenge to this aspect of security. On the question of authenticity, a distinction has to be made between (a) the authenticity of electronic documents, (b) the authentication of production processes of electronic documents, and (c) authentication of printing and delivery of electronic documents As regards authenticity and authentication, some principles are essential. 1. the authentication processes should be effective, eficient, reliable and easy to use. 2. the choice of technology, services and technical solutions should emphasise compliance with standards. 3. Proportionality should be stressed: the scope and intensity of the practical measures in the authentication should be in proportion to the degree of beneits that the institutions and citizens are expected to have. Often authenticity equals reliability. A reliable document or an authentic document is one endowed with trustworthiness. Speciically, trustworthiness is conferred to a document by its degree of completeness and the degree of control over its creation procedure and/or its author’s reliability. the author’s reliability means in practice, for example, that a legislative act is suficiently authenticated if it is signed by the president or the prime minister. the ISO standard on record management (ISO 15489) deines authenticity, reliability, integrity and useability in the following terms. • An authentic record is one that can be proven to be what it purports to be; to have been created or sent by the person purported to have created or sent it; and to have been created or sent at the time purported. • A reliable record is one whose contents can be trusted as a full and accurate representation of the transactions, activities or facts to which they attest and can be depended upon in the course of subsequent transactions or activities. 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 100 6-12-2007 15:13:51
WORKSHOP • the integrity of a record refers to its being complete and unaltered. • A useable record is one that can be located, retrieved, presented and interpreted. In the discussion concerning the quality requirements or criteria for electronic legal gazettes, the Ofice for Oficial Publications of the European Communities has analysed,in addition to availability and authenticity, the following criteria — accessibility, certiication, durability and traceability. the most suitable means for choosing the type of authentication could be a cost–beneit analysis, risk analysis or SwOt analysis deining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of different methods. this analysis would specify the needs of different target functions. Each need would be evaluated with the four main security criteria: integrity, availability, authenticity and usability. the target of the analysis would be to identify what you may win and what you may lose (conidence, trusted process, etc.) and what is the impact of the choices. As an example, here is the SwOt analysis. SWOT ANALYSIS OF AUTHENTICATION METHODS USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES Strengths — Eicient and reliable methods for authentication — Several techniques and standards available, also open source signatures Opportunities — Electronic signature is applicable to all legislative documents — Essential part of electronic commerce Weaknesses — Not necessary if worklow and secure servers are used — Diiculty to choose the most suitable electronic signature — Diiculty in transferring the signature to new document formats Threats — The archiving of documents with electronic signature is problematic — The electronic signature has to be renewed (re-signed) frequently 100 | 101 01_2007_5222_txt_ML.indd 101 6-12-2007 15:13:51
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Speeches and proceedings 25th anniv
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25 YEARS OF ONLINE THE EVENT 25 ANN
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INTRODUCTION APRèS LA PUBLICAtION
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wORKShOP Legal XmL — Use of XmL f
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Cette énumération des participant
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sion a fait de l’initiative «mie
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II. «mIEUX LéGIféRER» Et L’AC
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• et L. E. Allen, spécialiste de
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La création d’un réseau de coop
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Stele so weit nähern, dass er den
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nicht autorisierte Abschrift der of
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„Die Anforderungen und Bedingunge
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hat, „Zugänglichkeit und Verstä
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Old testament. this passage is set
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this checkpoint is given a Priority
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knowledge of the law. Adults, child
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It is a dificult task to predict th
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MEETING OF THE COUNCIL WORKING PART
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Page 59 and 60: DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL INFORMA
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Page 97 and 98: ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING OF LEGISLATIO
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Page 119 and 120: WORKSHOP the object of SOLON is to
Page 121 and 122: WORKSHOP 5. A secure session is now
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Page 125 and 126: WORKSHOP ertheless, some assistance
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Page 149 and 150: WORKSHOP REfERENCES Bench-Capon, t.
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TEXT MINING 1. INtRODUCtION the gro
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WORKSHOP uments. the tasks and obje
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WORKSHOP In order to create more ef
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WORKSHOP jects. the problem, howeve
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WORKSHOP space and their maintenanc
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WORKSHOP the success of the impleme
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WORKSHOP Thesauri thesauri are cont
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WORKSHOP knowledge which are reusab
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WORKSHOP fuhr, Norbert. 2004. Infor
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WORKSHOP Oberle, Daniel; Staab, Ste
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En tant que déléguée de la Grèc
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PRESS REVIEW / REVUE DE PRESSE " 17
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