Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska - the National Sea Grant ...
Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska - the National Sea Grant ... Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska - the National Sea Grant ...
28 Atkinson—Ice, Wind, Waves, and Storminess Trends along the Alaska Coast 35 30 25 Storm event counts 20 15 10 5 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 year Open water (smoothed) Freeze up (smoothed) Open water (raw) Freeze up (raw) Figure 2. High speed wind events (storms) at Bethel, 1950-2004. Lines are 5-year running means of events during a roughly defined “open water”season (July-December), and during a roughly defined “freeze-up” season (January-June). Sources for environmental forcing data Alaska climate center, climate.gi.alaska.edu. Alaska Sea Ice Atlas, University of Alaska Anchorage, holmes-iv.engr.uaa.alaska.edu/ cookinlet/default.htm. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), www.ncdc.noaa.gov. National Ice Center current and archived data, www.natice.noaa.gov/ (archived data in GIS ready format). National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) archived data, www.nsidc.org. NOAA Alaska PRIDE project, apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/PRIDE/Alaska05/PRIDE_ Anchorage_Index.htm.
Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska: Workshop Proceedings 29 Alaska Sea Grant College Program • AK-SG-06-03, 2006 Management Responses to Erosion Christy L. Miller Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development, Division of Community Advocacy, Anchorage, Alaska The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a Federal program enabling property owners in participating cities and boroughs to purchase flood insurance as a protection against flood and flood-related erosion losses in exchange for state and community floodplain management regulations that reduce future flood damages. Communities incorporate NFIP requirements into their zoning and subdivision ordinances and building codes or adopt special-purpose floodplain management ordinances. The NFIP requirements apply to areas mapped as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) on Flood Insurance Rate Maps issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The NFIP does not map erosion hazard areas and therefore is unable to inform homeowners of the risk to their property from erosion. Moreover, FEMA’s flood insurance rate maps do not inform current and prospective property owners of erosion risks. Although FEMA has not identified Erosion Hazard Areas in implementing the NFIP, the code of federal regulations governing the NFIP include a flood related erosion setback standard (CFR 60.5). A flood, as defined by the National Flood Insurance Program is “A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of two or more acres of normally dry land area or of two or more properties (at least one of which is your property) from: Overflow of inland or tidal waters, Unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source, or a mudflow. [The] collapse or subsidence of land along the shore of a lake or similar body of water as a result of erosion or undermining caused by waves or currents of water exceeding anticipated cyclical levels that result in a flood.”
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<strong>Coastal</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> <strong>Responses</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Alaska</strong>: Workshop Proceedings 29<br />
<strong>Alaska</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Grant</strong> College Program • AK-SG-06-03, 2006<br />
Management <strong>Responses</strong><br />
to <strong>Erosion</strong><br />
Christy L. Miller<br />
<strong>Alaska</strong> Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development,<br />
Division of Community Advocacy, Anchorage, <strong>Alaska</strong><br />
The <strong>National</strong> Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a Federal program enabling<br />
property owners in participating cities and boroughs to purchase flood insurance<br />
as a protection against flood and flood-related erosion losses in exchange<br />
<strong>for</strong> state and community floodplain management regulations that reduce<br />
future flood damages.<br />
Communities incorporate NFIP requirements into <strong>the</strong>ir zoning and subdivision<br />
ordinances and building codes or adopt special-purpose floodplain<br />
management ordinances. The NFIP requirements apply to areas mapped as<br />
Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) on Flood Insurance Rate Maps issued by<br />
<strong>the</strong> Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).<br />
The NFIP does not map erosion hazard areas and <strong>the</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e is unable to<br />
in<strong>for</strong>m homeowners of <strong>the</strong> risk to <strong>the</strong>ir property from erosion. Moreover,<br />
FEMA’s flood insurance rate maps do not in<strong>for</strong>m current and prospective<br />
property owners of erosion risks. Although FEMA has not identified <strong>Erosion</strong><br />
Hazard Areas in implementing <strong>the</strong> NFIP, <strong>the</strong> code of federal regulations governing<br />
<strong>the</strong> NFIP include a flood related erosion setback standard (CFR 60.5).<br />
A flood, as defined by <strong>the</strong> <strong>National</strong> Flood Insurance Program is<br />
“A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of<br />
two or more acres of normally dry land area or of two or more properties<br />
(at least one of which is your property) from:<br />
Overflow of inland or tidal waters,<br />
Unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any<br />
source, or a mudflow.<br />
[The] collapse or subsidence of land along <strong>the</strong> shore of a lake or similar<br />
body of water as a result of erosion or undermining caused by waves<br />
or currents of water exceeding anticipated cyclical levels that result<br />
in a flood.”
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