Mysticism and Philosophy
Mysticism and Philosophy Mysticism and Philosophy
Pure Consciousness and Indian Buddhism 93 10. jaini (1959) has discussed the image of seed and growth in the Sautrantika. Cf. La Vallee Poussin (1934:151-52; 1928-1929:100ff.) for discussion of the same image. On the store-consciousness as sarvabijaka see Mahayanasamgraha 1.2-3 (Lamotte 1934:175-76; Nagao 1982:10,111-16) and I.14 with commentaries thereto (Lamotte 1934:221-25; Nagao 1982:22-23, 133-35). Compare Karmasiddhiprakarana §33 (Lamotte 1935:198-99,247-49) and Trimsikabhasya on Trimsika 2ed (Levi 1925:18.22-19.2). 11. In the Trimsikabhasya Sthiramati's opponent asks what the object and content of the postulated store-consciousness are meant to be since, as he puts it, "consciousness without object of content is impossible" ("na hi niralambanam nirakaram va vijnanam yujyate." [Levi 1925:19.3-4]). Sthiramati agrees: "naiva tat (i.e., alayavijnana) niralambanam nirakaram vesyate." 12. I base the account given here largely upon Sthiramati's Trimsikabhasya (Levi 1925:18.21-19.8). Compare Karmasiddhiorakarana §36 (Lamotte 1935:250-51) and the Vijnaptimatratasiddhi (La Vallee Poussin 1928- 1929:142). 13. There is a standard eightfold proof of the existence of the store-consciousness, perhaps originally developed by Asahga (Hakamaya 1978) and cited by Sthiramati in the Abhidharmasamuccayabhasya (Tatia 1976:11.18-13.20). I have discussed this proof in detail elsewhere (1986:129-38). One of the elements in this proof is the fact of entry into and exit from the attainment of cessation. Thus, the attainment of cessation is used to demonstrate the existence of the storeconsciousness, a kind of consciousness that is (almost) attributeless and contentless when, in fact, the concept of the store-consciousness was developed, in part to explain just that phenomenon. 14. Matilal (1986:Chap. 10) gives a useful discussion of vikalpa and associated technical terms. 15. This is the tattvarthapatala. The text is found in Dutt(1978:34.32ff.), and a translation with comments is given by Willis (1978:127ff.). The Bodhisattvabhumi is one of the earliest Yogacara texts available to us; it may date from the fourth century CE. 16. The Mahayanasamgraha, although originally written in Sanskrit, does not survive in that language. Whatfollows is based in part on Etienne Lamotte's (1973) French translation of Asariga's text. It is also based, in part, on the commentaries of Vasubandhu (Mahayanasamgrahabhasya) and Asvabhava (Mahayanasamgrahopanibandhana). These works also are lost in their original Sanskrit: I have consulted the Tibetan translations. 17. "Bzlog pai sgo nas mtshan nyid ston te/ dmus long la gzugs bsnyad pa bznin du bsgrub pa'i sgo nas brjod par mi nus pa'i phyir ro"l Mahayanasamgrahopanibandhana (Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Rl 266a7—266bi). 18. Mahayanasamgraha (Peking Tanjur, sems-tsam LI 39b5-6); Mahayanasamgrahabhasya (Peking Tanjur, sems-tsam LI 212b4ff.); Mahayanasamgrahopanibandhana (Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Rl 266b2ff.). 19. Both Vasubandhu (Mahayanasamgrahabhasya [Peking Tanjur, sems-tsam LI 213b3-6]) and Asvabhava (Mahayanasamgrahopanibandhana [Derge Tanjur,
94 The Problem of Pure Consciousness sems-tsam Rl 267a7-267b2]) comment on this passage, as might be expected, by using standard trisvabhava terminology. 20. "Dmigs pa dang bcas pa'i chos mams ni rnam pa dang bcas pa'i phyir dmigs pa dang 'dzin par byed do"/ Mahayanasamgrahopanibandhana (Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Ri 267b2). It is interesting to note that the Mahayanasutralamkarabhasya, a text that may be by Vasubandhu seems to explicitly deny that adarsajnana (a synonym of nirvikalpajnana) has content, saying of it that it is anakaratva or "contentless" (Mahayanasutralamkarabhasya [Levi 1907:46.22- 23]). But the standard Yogacara view, I think, is that nirvikalpajnana possesses akara. On the idea and symbol of the mirror, see especially Demieville 1947. 21. The term "nimitta" is usually used in connection with the term "samjna," ("conceptualization"). Nimittas (defining marks) are precisely those things which are grasped or conceptualized by the mind. Yasomitra, for example, in his Abhidharmakosavyakhya, defines nimitta as those things, such as the condition of being blue, which are specific states of something" (nimittam vastuno avasthaviseso mlatvadi/ Abhidharmakosavyakhya [SastrT 1981:48.18]). 22. "Me long ye shes nga yi med/ yongs su ma chad ces bya ba ni ngar 'dzin pa dang/ nga yir 'dzin pa dang/ gzung ba dang 'dzin pa med pa'i phyir nga yi ba med pa yin no"/ * Asvabhava, Mahayanasutralamkaratlka (Derge Tanjur, semstsam Bl 74a4-5). 23. "De [i.e., me long Ita bu ye shes] ni shes bya dag la gzugs la sogs pa la dmigs pa bzhin du dmigs pa'i bye brag gam/ sngon po la sogs pa'i rnam pa'i bye brag gis 'jug pa ma yin pa'ol de ni dmigs par bya ba dang/ dmigs par byed pa mnyam pas mnyam pa rnam par mi rtog pa de bzhin nyid la dmigs pa'i ngo bo nyid de/ * Asvabhava, MahayanasutralamkaratTka (Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Bl 74a6-7). 24. What follows is based largely on the definition and discussion given to the darsanamarga in the Abhidharmasamuccaya (Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Rl 92b7— 94al: [Pradhan, 1950:66.3-68.2]) and in the Abhidharmasamuccayabhasya (Tatia 1976:76.19-78.22]). See also my own translation and analysis of this text (1983a:chap. 4) and Schmithausen's (1983) excellent study of it. A similar passage is found in the Yogacarabhumi (Peking Tanjur, sems-tsam Zl 72b3ff.); on this see Schmithausen (1 983:263ff.). 25. The Tibetan reads, "dmigs par bya ba dang dmigs par byed pa mnyam pas mnyam par shes par." Tatia reads samasama/ambya/ambana/nana (1976:76.20). Schmithausen's emendation (1983:262) is to be preferred; cf. Mahayanasutralamkaratlka (Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Bl 74a6—7). WORKS CITED Brentano, Franz. 1973. Psychology from An Empirical Standpoint. Trans. Antos C. Rancurello, D. B. Terrell, and Linda McAlister. Ed. Linda McAlister. Atlantic Highlands, N.J. Humanities Press.
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Pure Consciousness <strong>and</strong> Indian Buddhism 93<br />
10. jaini (1959) has discussed the image of seed <strong>and</strong> growth in the Sautrantika.<br />
Cf. La Vallee Poussin (1934:151-52; 1928-1929:100ff.) for discussion of the<br />
same image. On the store-consciousness as sarvabijaka see Mahayanasamgraha<br />
1.2-3 (Lamotte 1934:175-76; Nagao 1982:10,111-16) <strong>and</strong> I.14 with commentaries<br />
thereto (Lamotte 1934:221-25; Nagao 1982:22-23, 133-35). Compare<br />
Karmasiddhiprakarana §33 (Lamotte 1935:198-99,247-49) <strong>and</strong> Trimsikabhasya<br />
on Trimsika 2ed (Levi 1925:18.22-19.2).<br />
11. In the Trimsikabhasya Sthiramati's opponent asks what the object <strong>and</strong><br />
content of the postulated store-consciousness are meant to be since, as he puts it,<br />
"consciousness without object of content is impossible" ("na hi niralambanam<br />
nirakaram va vijnanam yujyate." [Levi 1925:19.3-4]). Sthiramati agrees: "naiva<br />
tat (i.e., alayavijnana) niralambanam nirakaram vesyate."<br />
12. I base the account given here largely upon Sthiramati's Trimsikabhasya<br />
(Levi 1925:18.21-19.8). Compare Karmasiddhiorakarana §36 (Lamotte<br />
1935:250-51) <strong>and</strong> the Vijnaptimatratasiddhi (La Vallee Poussin 1928-<br />
1929:142).<br />
13. There is a st<strong>and</strong>ard eightfold proof of the existence of the store-consciousness,<br />
perhaps originally developed by Asahga (Hakamaya 1978) <strong>and</strong> cited by<br />
Sthiramati in the Abhidharmasamuccayabhasya (Tatia 1976:11.18-13.20). I<br />
have discussed this proof in detail elsewhere (1986:129-38). One of the elements<br />
in this proof is the fact of entry into <strong>and</strong> exit from the attainment of cessation. Thus,<br />
the attainment of cessation is used to demonstrate the existence of the storeconsciousness,<br />
a kind of consciousness that is (almost) attributeless <strong>and</strong> contentless<br />
when, in fact, the concept of the store-consciousness was developed, in<br />
part to explain just that phenomenon.<br />
14. Matilal (1986:Chap. 10) gives a useful discussion of vikalpa <strong>and</strong> associated<br />
technical terms.<br />
15. This is the tattvarthapatala. The text is found in Dutt(1978:34.32ff.), <strong>and</strong> a<br />
translation with comments is given by Willis (1978:127ff.). The Bodhisattvabhumi<br />
is one of the earliest Yogacara texts available to us; it may date from the fourth<br />
century CE.<br />
16. The Mahayanasamgraha, although originally written in Sanskrit, does not<br />
survive in that language. Whatfollows is based in part on Etienne Lamotte's (1973)<br />
French translation of Asariga's text. It is also based, in part, on the commentaries<br />
of Vasub<strong>and</strong>hu (Mahayanasamgrahabhasya) <strong>and</strong> Asvabhava (Mahayanasamgrahopanib<strong>and</strong>hana).<br />
These works also are lost in their original Sanskrit: I<br />
have consulted the Tibetan translations.<br />
17. "Bzlog pai sgo nas mtshan nyid ston te/ dmus long la gzugs bsnyad pa<br />
bznin du bsgrub pa'i sgo nas brjod par mi nus pa'i phyir ro"l Mahayanasamgrahopanib<strong>and</strong>hana<br />
(Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Rl 266a7—266bi).<br />
18. Mahayanasamgraha (Peking Tanjur, sems-tsam LI 39b5-6); Mahayanasamgrahabhasya<br />
(Peking Tanjur, sems-tsam LI 212b4ff.); Mahayanasamgrahopanib<strong>and</strong>hana<br />
(Derge Tanjur, sems-tsam Rl 266b2ff.).<br />
19. Both Vasub<strong>and</strong>hu (Mahayanasamgrahabhasya [Peking Tanjur, sems-tsam<br />
LI 213b3-6]) <strong>and</strong> Asvabhava (Mahayanasamgrahopanib<strong>and</strong>hana [Derge Tanjur,