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TITLE PAGE - acumen - The University of Alabama

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FIGURE 3.1 Mean (bars are standard errors) in control (black circles) and manipulation (white<br />

squares) reaches in Bluff River Cave, Jackson Co., AL, U.S.A. <strong>of</strong> (a) organic<br />

matter, (b) total macroinvertebrate biomass, (c) obligate cave macroinvertebrate<br />

biomass, (d) facultative macroinvertebrate biomass, (e) Cambarus hamulatus, (f)<br />

Cambarus tenebrosus, (g) Gyrinophilus palleucus, and (h) Eurycea sp. Vertical<br />

dashed line indicates beginning <strong>of</strong> litter amendment ........................................... 70<br />

FIGURE 3.2 Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination plot <strong>of</strong> the macroinvertebrate<br />

communities in the control (black symbols) and manipulation (white symbols)<br />

reaches pre- (circles) and post-addition (triangles) from Bluff River Cave, Jackson<br />

Co., AL, U.S.A. Data points are based on untransformed macroinvertebrate<br />

biomass data that were averaged within reaches each sampling month (see text)<br />

................................................................................................................................71<br />

FIGURE 3.3 Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination plots based on untransformed<br />

biomass <strong>of</strong> seven taxa that contributed 82-91% to the overall dissimilarity among<br />

all pair-wise cave comparisons between the control and manipulation reaches preand<br />

post-addition. <strong>The</strong> diameter <strong>of</strong> each circle is proportional to taxon biomass<br />

(mg dry mass m -2 ). (a) Caecidotea, (b) Oligochaeta, (c) Ephemeroptera, (d)<br />

Polypedilum, (e) Tanypod genus A, (f) Tanypod genus B, (g) Paraphaenocladius.<br />

Stress = 0.12 for all figures .................................................................................. 72<br />

FIGURE 3.4 Relationship between organic matter biomass and macroinvertebrate biomass in<br />

cave and forested headwater surface streams. Included in the graph are data from<br />

the control reach (CR) and manipulation reach (MR) pre-and post-litter<br />

amendment in Bluff River Cave stream, three other cave streams in northeastern<br />

<strong>Alabama</strong> (Huntsman et al. 2001, Chapter 5), and forested headwater streams at<br />

Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory Southern Research Station (C53, C54, C55) with<br />

(grey triangles) and without (black diamonds) litter exclusion (Wallace et al.<br />

1999, Cross et al. 2006, Meyer et al. 1998). AFDM = ash-free dry mass ........... 73<br />

FIGURE 4.1 Annual growth increment (mm y -1 ) vs. mean ocular carapace length (mm) for<br />

Orconectes australis crayfish in Hering, Limrock, Tony Sinks and Shelta<br />

(Cooper, 1975) caves. Dashed lines are results <strong>of</strong> least squared regression. For the<br />

Shelta Cave data, only crayfish that were marked for ≥11 months were included in<br />

the reconstruction <strong>of</strong> Cooper’s growth models [see Methods: Cooper’s (1975)<br />

growth models] and in the least squared regression line...................................... 96<br />

FIGURE 4.2 Growth models for Orconectes australis from Hering, Limrock and Tony Sinks<br />

caves. Lines indicate the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals for each<br />

model.................................................................................................................... 97<br />

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