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Table 4. Mean capture rate (range), % crayfish recaptured (range), population size (error) from Program MARK, biomass (95% confidence interval), production (95% confidence interval), and production:biomass (95% confidence interval) <strong>of</strong> Orconectes australis within Hering, Limrock, and Tony Sinks caves. Significant differences among caves are indicated by different letters. AFDM = ashfree dry mass. Hering Limrock Tony Sinks Capture rate (individuals month -1 ) 35 (13-67) 43 (9-90) 71 (28-126) % crayfish recaptured (month -1 ) 35 (11-60) 39 (8-62) 20 (3-43) Population size (individuals) 1311 (50) 1380 (41) 5044 (196) Biomass (mg AFDM m -2 ) 132 (141 - 123) A 79.5 (84 - 75) B 862 (929 - 795) C Production (mg AFDM m -2 yr -1 ) 37 (42 - 32) a 21 (24 - 18) b 335 (402 - 267) c Production:biomass ratio 0.28 (0.31 - 0.25) Y 0.27 (0.30 - 0.24) Y 0.39 (0.46 - 0.32) Z 127
Table 5. Estimates <strong>of</strong> mean wood and leaf supply rates, macroinvertebrate production, and crayfish demand in Hering, Limrock, and Tony Sinks caves. All values are g ash free dry mass m -2 yr -1 . Numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. Crayfish demand Crayfish demand Cave Wood supply rate Leaf supply rate Macroinvertebrate production (organic matter) (macroinvertebrates) Hering 13 (7-19) 47 (22-73) 0.13 (0.05-0.21) 0.82 (0.63-1) 0.1 (0.08-0.12) Limrock 48 (5-91) 172 (9-334) 0.27 (0.07-0.46) 0.47 (0.37-0.57) 0.06 (0.04-0.07) Tony Sinks 80 (28-131) 284 (85-483) 1.61 (0.9-2.32) 7.4 (5.36-9.44) 0.9 (0.63-1.11) 128
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THE INFLUENCE OF ENERGY AVAILABILIT
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ABSTRACT Detritus from surface envi
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS m
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NC IL ON U.K. VIAT VIE Fig. North C
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AIC K-S Akaike information criterio
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laboratory work and was an excellen
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1 TABLE 2.2
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 (a) Box
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FIGURE 4.3 Growth models for Orcone
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chemolithoautotrophy-based systems;
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ecology, 51, 31-53. Gibert J. & Cul
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CHAPTER 2 EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MATTER
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community structure in cave “pits
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communities and how variation in co
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the different source locations was
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of natural-log transformed data (%
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peak in organic matter in Big Mouth
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Figs. 5a, b). The breakdown rate of
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per litter bag. Similarly, Huntsman
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ags was the greater retention of li
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Historically, limited resource inpu
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Culver, D.C. & Pipan, T. (2009) The
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Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K.W. & Berg
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Table 1. Mean (1 S.D.) macroinverte
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Table 2. Mean (±1 S.D.) daily temp
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Figure 1. (a) Box and whisker plot
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Figure 3. Non-metric multidimension
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Figure 5. Box and whisker plot of l
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streams, while the obligate-cave sp
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More recent observational and exper
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of netting (mesh size 2.5×1.5-cm)
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the two end-members. This conservat
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crop organic matter significantly i
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macroinvertebrate biomass to levels
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and surface streams (20-35,000 g m
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these factors, the stable isotope a
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surface streams. Thus, it is likely
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subsides to ecosystem dynamics have
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populations. Journal of Applied Eco
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Poulson T.L. & Lavoie K.H. (2001) T
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Wood P., Gunn J. & Perkins J. (2002
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Table 2. Mean (±1 standard deviati
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Table 2. Continued Chironomini Para
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Figure 1. Mean (bars are standard e
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Figure 3. Non-metric multidimension
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CHAPTER 4 REXAMINING EXTREME LONGEI
Page 93 and 94: individuals, he predicted that it w
Page 95 and 96: A phylogeographic study by Buhay &
Page 97 and 98: differences in size structure among
Page 99 and 100: and females in Tony Sinks Cave were
Page 101 and 102: Estimates of life span for O. austr
Page 103 and 104: available size-classes were well re
Page 105 and 106: References Anonymous (1999) Cave Sc
Page 107 and 108: Huryn A.D. & Wallace J.B. (1987) Pr
Page 109 and 110: Whitmore N. & Huryn A.D. (1999) Lif
Page 111 and 112: Table 2. Estimated life span (years
Page 113 and 114: Figure 1. Annual growth increment (
Page 115 and 116: Figure 3. Growth models for Orconec
Page 117 and 118: CHAPTER 5 CONSUMER-RESOURCE DYNAMIC
Page 119 and 120: following incidental inputs of orga
Page 121 and 122: Temperature data were not available
Page 123 and 124: minimum (Venarsky et al., 2012b). A
Page 125 and 126: 100% organic matter (i.e., maximum
Page 127 and 128: Macroinvertebrate biomass varied si
Page 129 and 130: Discussion The energy-limitation hy
Page 131 and 132: crayfish captured in most months we
Page 133 and 134: systems is likely high, especially
Page 135 and 136: function of microbial films in grou
Page 137 and 138: Crustacean Biology, 4, 35-54. Momot
Page 139 and 140: Whitmore N. & Huryn A. (1999) Life
Page 141 and 142: Table 2. Assimilation efficiencies
Page 143: Table 3. Continued Tanypodinae 0.03
Page 147 and 148: Figure 1. (A) Box and whisker plot
Page 149 and 150: CHAPTER 6 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS Due t
Page 151 and 152: characteristics (e.g., higher growt
Page 153 and 154: characteristics, highly efficient p
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