El Salvador - GFDRR

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86 | El Salvador: Damage, Loss, and Needs Assesment economic effect is included in the estimated losses in the productive and social sectors. It is therefore not appropriate to attribute the costs incurred by such suppressed traffic to the transportation sector because this would mean doubling the figures. Losses due to immobilized capital are also not included, because there was no information on vehicles trapped for a considerable period of time during or after the natural phenomenon under study. Finally, the effectiveness and timeliness of the participation of government personnel from different agencies should be highlighted; in practice, their assistance translated into a significant decrease in costs and losses. This same constructive, dedicated attitude was repeated in the participation of personnel in said ad hoc working group. d) Estimate of Needs for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction For quite a long time it has been well known that El Salvador’s road system is vulnerable to various severe phenomena of geological and hydrological origin, as in the previously mentioned cases of Hurricanes Mitch and Stan, which occur frequently, and of the devastating earthquakes in recent history. As a result of these natural phenomena, two types of severe damage generally occur: landslides and structural collapse. Fortunately, El Salvador’s road system was and continues to be well designed, constructed and maintained, and thus damages are less than what might be expected. However, both of the abovementioned weaknesses prevail, and thus it is necessary to address them in order to overcome them once and for all. In this regard, it should be remembered that in previous assessments conducted by CEPAL it was noted that the amounts of losses caused by phenomena such as those described exceed the investment needed to reconstruct these collapsed structures. The appropriateness of allocating the necessary resources is therefore clear, for the purpose of preventing damages and losses in future events similar to those already studied. The needs detected under the scenario of reducing vulnerabilities and managing risks are significantly higher than the sum of all damages and losses. Under the assumption that these are very likely to occur, the investment differentials will later be compensated by avoiding similar costs and losses. Table 31 indicates the identified investment needs.
II. POPULATION AND AFFECTED AREAS | 87 TABLE 31. NEEDS FOR ROAD REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION (in millions of US$) Items Total 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Temporary roads and bridges for the emergency 1 12 Rehabilitation of primary roads 5.9 1.9 4 Rehabilitation of secondary and tertiary roads 4.7 1.7 3 Preventive study of bridges 2 2 Rehabilitation of bridges 9.7 4.7 5 Reconstruction of bridges 77.6 15 15 17.6 1 15 Preventive reshaping of embankments 70 14 14 14 14 14 Total 34 29 29 Source: Estimates by assessment mission with information from MOP and STP. Most of the initiatives contained in the table were conceived and analyzed by the ad hoc working group, so it is redundant to insist on them. It is therefore worthwhile to merge the two ideas that constitute an original contribution of the evaluation mission: the Preventive Study of Bridges, and the Reshaping of Embankments. e) Preventive Study of Bridges El Salvador’s road system has been developing for quite a long time, and was a pioneer in Central America. Therefore, a number of its structures, fully justified and adequate at one time, are now obsolete from both a structural and geometric standpoint. The collapse of these structures confirms previous conclusions about the need to reevaluate the appropriateness of keeping all these structures current. In this regard, the following should be kept in mind: the age of many of them, which translates into material fatigue and risk of collapse due to high demand; they currently suffer as well from the fact that their design does not generally correspond to the standard of the highway that they serve; road accesses are not adequate for existing demands; and adjacent areas are now inhabited, which endangers vehicle maneuverability and especially pedestrian safety. Therefore, it is proposed that a study be conducted aimed at reducing vulnerabilities and managing risk. For example, there are many analyses of bridges; these should not be overlooked but instead existing information should be used, applying concepts of risk management and social assessment of projects under vulnerable scenarios. f) Preventive Reshaping of Embankments The purposes of this initiative are similar to the above in terms of their preventive nature. It does not appear necessary to insist on the vulnerability of many embankments in El Salvador’s road system. It is also known that their reprofiling is costly. However, the lengthy experience drawn from evaluations of the latest adverse natural phenomena leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to address this complex issue with the intention of resolving it
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| 1 PRESENTATION At the request of
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AUSTRALIA BELGIUM BRAZIL CANADA DEN
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El Salvador - GFDRR

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