El Salvador - GFDRR

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72 | El Salvador: Damage, Loss, and Needs Assesment alternative water and electricity systems in those facilities considered priorities for response to emergency and disaster situations. Three weeks after the disaster occurred, health authorities have not reported disease outbreaks; the increase in cases of diarrhea and respiratory illnesses has been addressed; and efforts are being implemented to control these illnesses. However, there is potential risk of dengue and malaria outbreaks, especially in the para-central zone of the country. Strengthening of the system of epidemiological surveillance and vector control must be considered an immediate need; it is therefore necessary to generate capacities in municipalities and to purchase equipment, materials and supplies. The illnesses that have arisen in the emergency stage and those that could arise in the rehabilitation and reconstruction phases are among the principal common causes of demand for health services and most may be resolved at primary care level. Thus, it is necessary to recover the level of equipment in health units with emphasis on maternal-child care, improve the quality of care, and develop a good referral and counter-referral system. The timely implementation of measures to mitigate the disaster’s effects on public health, such as disease and environmental surveillance and control, and the provision of health care to persons living in shelters, contributed to reducing the risk of disease outbreaks. It is estimated that the amount of demand for treatment of tracer illnesses will continue to decrease as existing shelters are deactivated and families return to their homes. It is recommended that health promotion and social communication efforts be strengthened in order to develop healthy practices that serve families when they return to their homes, taking into account the fact that the repair of water systems takes some time, as does the total recovery of the affected zone. In the case of the city of Verapaz, whose health unit was destroyed, it is suggested that the capacity of other nearby health facilities, such as that of Guadalupe, to provide services be strengthened, and that the referral and counter-referral system be improved for those cases that require more complex treatment. Because the country is at high risk of multiple threats, it is recommended that Emergency Operations Committees at national level and the SIBASIS be strengthened in order to reinforce intra- and inter-sectoral coordination for disaster risk management.
II. POPULATION AND AFFECTED AREAS | 73 B.3 INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS B.3.1 Water and Sanitation Sector a) Background The latest Multipurpose Housing Survey (Encuesta de Hogares para Propósitos Múltiples) conducted in 2008 38 indicates that the nationwide percentage of households with piped water service is 78.7%. Water supply systems that use wells account for 9.7%, and other means (including springs, rivers or creeks, water tankers, protected and unprotected springs, and rainwater collection) account for 11.6% of households. The itemized analysis of data on water service coverage, according to said survey, reveals that 89.9% of households in El Salvador’s urban areas have piped water, 4.6% use well water, and 5.5% use other means. In rural areas, 54.9% of households have piped water service, 20.5% use well water, and 24.6% use other means. Ninety-four percent of households in the San Salvador Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana de San Salvador -AMSS) have piped water, 0.8% use well water, and 5% use other means. At national level 4.7% of households lack sanitation service: in urban areas 1.2% and in rural areas 12.3%. In the case of the AMSS, 0.5% of households lack sanitation service. Nationwide, the Household Survey indicates that 51.7% of all households use the municipal garbage truck to dispose of their solid waste (this includes those that dispose it in containers); 0.5% of households use private trash collection services; 36.6% of households burn and bury their trash; and 11.2% of households dump their trash anywhere. In urban areas, 73.7% of households have the service of a municipal garbage truck; 0.6% of households have private trash collection; 19.5% of households burn and bury their trash, and 6.2% of households dump their trash anywhere. In rural areas, only 5.4% of households dispose of their trash by using a garbage truck, and 0.1% of households use private trash collection. 67.2% of rural households burn their trash; 5.4% of households bury it; and 21.9% of households dump their trash anywhere. In the AMSS, 87.8% of households dispose of their trash by using the municipal garbage truck; 0.7% use private trash collection services; 7.1% of households burn and bury their trash; and 4.4% of households dump their trash anywhere. 39 In rural areas, the lack of water and sanitation coverage not only has effects on the population’s quality of life, but also negative effects on health and productivity. The rural poor spend a significant amount of time collecting water, time that could be used to carry out productive activities. Those households that lack coverage spend an average of 9% of their productive time collecting water. The population living in extreme poverty conditions spends even more time collecting water, up to 14% of their productive time. 38 2008, General Bureau of Statistics and Censuses, Multipurpose Household Survey, Ministry of Economy, El Salvador, 2009. 39 Republic of El Salvador, Country Environmental Analysis, Improving environmental management to address trade liberalization and infrastructure expansion. LCSSD, World Bank, 2007.
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AUSTRALIA BELGIUM BRAZIL CANADA DEN
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El Salvador - GFDRR

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