El Salvador - GFDRR

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126 | El Salvador: Damage, Loss, and Needs Assesment TABLE 46. ESTIMATE OF NEEDS FOR A PROGRAM OF INVESTMENTS IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (in thousands of US$) Program 2009–2013 2014–2018 Total 1. Identification and Assessment of Risks Design, improve and extend the geographic and thematic coverage of early warning 1,000 500 1,500 system (EWS) Update detailed risk maps 500 500 1,000 Include risk management in land use planning 750 750 1,500 Promote active collaboration between national scientific and technical agencies on the 200 200 400 issue of risks Implement initiatives such as the Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) 500 1,000 1,500 2. Mitigation of Risks Create and update protection plans at national, departmental, municipal and community 1,000 1,000 2,000 levels. Construct a deflection wall in Verapaz 3,000 3,000 3. Strengthening of Emergency Preparedness Develop preparedness and contingency plans for all levels of the territory. 1,500 1,000 2,500 Reestablish monitoring points. 1,000 500 1,500 Develop response capacity (e.g., simulations and staff training.) 1,000 1,000 2,000 4. Development of Institutional Capacity Define a national risk management policy. 500 500 1,000 Strengthen the planning and coordination capacities of the National Civil Defense 5,000 5,000 10,000 Commission and the technical analysis and execution capacities of the General Bureau. Develop a National Development Plan that includes risk management as a central theme. 1,000 250 1,250 Develop risk education campaigns. 700 500 1,200 Promote the active participation of communities in risk management. 1,500 1,000 2,500 5. Financing of Disaster Risks Develop a financial risk management strategy. 400 250 650 Develop financial mechanisms to support the country’s liquidity in the event of catastrophes, 250 250 500 such as the World Bank’s Catastrophe Deferred Draw-Down Option (CAT DDO). Evaluate the government’s contingent liabilities through risk models that reflect exposure 100 100 200 to natural disasters and potential losses. Analyze the feasibility of creating a catastrophe fund that supports the insurance of public 100 100 200 assets Total of Risk Reduction Activities 20,000 14,400 34,400 Source: Estimates by disaster needs assessment team.
| 127 VI. ESTIMATE OF RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION NEEDS A. BACKGROUND After a disaster strikes, it is necessary to address the needs of the affected population: first, requirements for dealing with immediate or emergency needs are identified; next, two types of activities designed to ensure the recovery of the economy and of living conditions and to reconstruct the physical assets that were destroyed are addressed simultaneously. Finally, activities aimed at reducing the risk of future disasters should be initiated and put into practice in the long term. In the case of the disaster in El Salvador caused by Tropical Storm Ida and the low-pressure system, which occurred in early November 2009, it may be stated that the emergency humanitarian aid stage is now over, although some of this type of activities should continue for a while longer. Those activities corresponding to the subsequent recovery, reconstruction and risk reduction stages should be carried out next, keeping in mind that they should begin simultaneously and be executed according to different timeframes. In accordance with the CEPAL methodology, recovery needs are estimated on the basis of the financial resources required for the economy—at macro, sectoral and family or personal level—to return to normal performance levels; these resources represent a fraction of the value of production and income losses in each sector. Reconstruction needs, however, are estimated as the requirements for financing that will make it possible to repair, reconstruct or reinforce the physical assets that were destroyed or damaged by the disaster. These figures are increased in order to consider quality improvements, the adoption of antidisaster design and construction regulations, and in some cases the relocation of various activities and settlements to safe places. Finally, if reconstruction is estimated to take more than one calendar year, it is necessary to add the corresponding inflation rates. The estimate of financial needs for recovery and reconstruction therefore uses quantitative information from the systematic estimate of the value of destroyed assets (damages) and of changes in economic flows (losses), presented in Chapter 2 of this assessment. This makes it possible to ensure objectivity when estimating needs for recovery as well as for reconstruction, and to avoid subjective opinions on this matter. Specifically, the value of losses in each sector of economic activity that was affected is used —in terms of the characteristics of each of these sectors—to estimate the amount of resources required for recovery in income and production in as short a period as possible. Furthermore, the amount of reconstruction needs is estimated on the basis of the value of destroyed assets (damages), adding them to the amounts
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El Salvador - GFDRR

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