El Salvador - GFDRR

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116 | El Salvador: Damage, Loss, and Needs Assesment The National Commission is composed of the Minister of the Interior who presides over it; the General Director of Civil Protection and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (the General Bureau); the heads of the Ministries of Foreign Relations, Public Health and Social Assistance, Agriculture and Livestock; Environment and Natural Resources, Public Works, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, National Defense, and Education; National Civil Police; two representatives of the National Association of Private Businesses; and three nongovernmental organizations that represent the country’s western, central and eastern zones, respectively. The National Commission’s duties include: i) designing the National Policy for Civil Protection and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation; ii) proposing to the President of the Republic the declaration of a State of Emergency and, in the case of such a declaration, ensuring public order and immediate attention for the population with the support of civil and military authorities and of humanitarian organizations; iii) supervising the execution of Civil Protection and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plans in the country’s most vulnerable areas, according to risk maps; iv) coordinating the work of subnational Commissions; and v) proposing to the President of the Republic, for his approval, the regulations necessary for compliance with Law 777, including regulations for human settlements in hazardous or potentially hazardous zones and Construction Codes, etc. To ensure compliance with the National Civil Protection and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan (National Plan) and other provisions, the National Commission relies on the General Bureau, which depends hierarchically and operationally on the Ministry of the Interior (Law 777, art. 17). The General Director, with the support of the Advisory Council (a permanent inter-institutional scientific and technical agency: Law 777, art. 19) and with the approval of the National Commission, is responsible for the preparation of the National Plan as well as declarations of different warning levels, based on the monitoring of natural phenomena and on technical information from the General Bureau of the National Service for Territorial Studies 54 (D-SNET) of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARN). El Salvador participates actively in various regional and international forums for disaster risk management, and is a member of the Coordination Center for Prevention of Natural Disasters in Central America (Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de Desastres Naturales en América Central -CEPREDENAC). 54 Law 777, art. 22, makes reference to the National Territorial Studies Service (D-SNET), which was created as a decentralized agency, assigned to MARN, by Decree No. 96 of September 14, 2001, for the purpose of developing an understanding of factors constituting risk, threats and vulnerability as a basis for adopting measures to ensure adequate levels of safety for the population in the case of events and processes of disaster risk. The Government of El Salvador repealed Executive Decree N° 41 of May 2, 2007 and Executive Decree N° 96 which created D-SNET. Executive Decree No. 42, published in the Official Gazette on May 18, 2007, transferred to MARN the environmental duties that had been assigned to the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (as stipulated by Executive Decree N° 24 on the Issuance of the By-laws of the Executive Agency, on April 18, 1989), together with the duties and responsibilities previously assigned to D-SNET.
V. RISK MANAGEMENT | 117 C. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR RISK MANAGEMENT This section recommends a strategic framework for risk management that combines specific elements found in El Salvador and lessons learned from international experience. 55 The principles that underlie this framework are that: a) human loss and the economic impact of disasters may be reduced through predisaster planning and investments in prevention; and b) the strategic framework and the action plan are effective in terms of cost and implementation. The pillars of the Risk Management Framework and their description are presented below: GRAPH 13. RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Pillar 1: Risk identification and assessment • Multi-hazard risk modeling and vulnerability • Assessment of community risks Pilar 5: Financing • Reconstruction and Recovery Fund • Ex ante Financial Arrangements • Catastrophe Insurance • Reserve/Contingency Funds RISK MANAGEMENT Pillar 2: Mitigation • Monitoring/Early Warning Systems • Hazard Maps/Territorial Planning • Reform and Enforcement of Regulations • Mitigation of Hazard Specific Risks • Climate change Programs Pillar 4: Institutional Strengthening • Decentralized Emergency Management Systems • Community Participation • Legal Framework • Training, Education, Knowledge Sharing • Cooperación Internacional Pillar 3: Strengthening of Emergency Preparedness • Disaster Forecasting • Mainstreaming emergency preparedness • Local Communication Systems Source: GFDRR. 55 Based on Risk Management, No. 9, World Bank. “ Preventable Losses - Saving Lives and Property”.
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El Salvador - GFDRR

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