El Salvador - GFDRR

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96 | El Salvador: Damage, Loss, and Needs Assesment In evaluating the amount of damages and losses, differentiated by sex, we found that losses affecting men’s activities were the highest, especially due to the disaster’s impact on artisanal fishing since fishermen have had to stop working because the waters are contaminated. This refers to 1,466 families of fishermen who work on the islands of El Cordoncillo, San Rafael Tasajera, La Calzada and La Colorada (Department of La Paz), and it is estimated that they will not be able to carry out their sale-oriented activities for a period of three months, which will seriously affect their food security. Department TABLE 38. DAMAGES AND LOSSES OF LIVELIHOODS DIFFERENTIATED BY SEX IN AFFECTED DEPARTMENTS Damages Women Losses Women Damages Men Losses Men Total Damages Total losses La Libertad 11.6 8.1 7.5 30.2 19.2 38.3 San Salvador 15.9 62.5 66.7 266.8 82.6 329.2 Cuscatlán 22.7 5.1 4 16 26.6 21 La Paz 140.3 48.1 41.4 1,514.6 181.6 1,562.7 San Vicente 106.3 71.7 86.3 345.1 192.5 416.8 Total 296.7 195.4 205.9 2,172.6 502.6 2,368.1 Source: Estimates by assessment mission. B. THE DISASTER’s impact ON WOMEN The worsening of women’s living conditions and the consequences this brings to their families must be emphasized, since the income they earn in their activities is an essential cornerstone for maintaining their households. The loss of their income and the impossibility of reversing this situation in the coming months will have a direct repercussion on their children’s and their own malnutrition. Added to the effect that the loss of their sources of income has on the well-being of women and their families is the fact that they find themselves unable to pay loans in order to maintain their livelihoods, even though they generally have the highest rating in microcredit financing agencies due to their dependability in making payments. FOSOFAMILIA, a public microcredit agency, informed that 60% of its affected clients in disaster zones are women. It may be inferred that the number of women in this situation is high because in the third quarter of 2009 43 the Multisectoral Investment Bank (Banco Multisectorial de Inversiones) informed that there was a significantly higher percentage in the number of credits granted to women, compared to the number granted to men; likewise, a higher percentage of the total amount of credits has been aimed toward women (66.0%). These effects of the disaster are even more evident if we remember the high percentage of female heads of households in the affected departments. 43 FIDEMYPE, quarterly report July–September 2009.
III. CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES | 97 TABLE 39. PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE AFFECTED DEPARTMENTS Departments Percentage La Libertad 32.6 San Salvador 36.2 Cuscatlán 34.8 La Paz 35.0 San Vicente 38.2 Source: Population and Housing Census, 2007, DIGESTYC. To this backdrop of the socioeconomic status of women living in disaster conditions, the high percentage of teenage mothers should be added; this percentage may be inferred if one remembers that the proportion of births among females between the ages of 10 and 19 is around 30% of the total among women of reproductive age. Another consequence of the disasters that directly affects women is the increased work that falls on them (caring for children, the ill and the elderly, and work to keep households and shelters operating), which is not remunerated by any institution. This increase is added, for example, to the time that women and girls must spend in their daily lives, especially in rural areas, carrying water for family needs (it has been observed that those households that lack water services spend an average 9% of their productive time collecting water, and that the population living in extreme poverty spends even more time collecting water, up to 14% of its productive time). Water coverage in homes of affected municipalities can illustrate this situation. To reveal the disaster’s impact on women and the economic contribution they make to society without receiving payment for such work, it is useful to conduct a monetary assessment of the increase in women’s work as a result of the disaster. Considering the percentage of women from age 15 to over age 50 in houses totally or partially destroyed in the affected municipalities, the calculation of their work shows a total of nearly US$3.5 million. A three-month period of abnormal living conditions, five more hours per day and an hourly salary equivalent to that of community, social and health services have been considered. From November 16 to 25, 2009 there was a drastic reduction in the number of women and girls in shelters. On the former date the number was 7,151, and on the latter date 2,663. No general survey has been conducted on safety conditions and the coverage of needs of women and girls in shelters; this should constitute a lesson learned for future events since women and girls have specific requirements for better coping with these dramatic situations (separate bathrooms for each sex; sanitary napkins and underwear to maintain hygiene; good lighting in service areas to avoid sexual aggression, etc.).
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El Salvador Damage, Loss, and Needs
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| iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to e
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AUSTRALIA BELGIUM BRAZIL CANADA DEN
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El Salvador - GFDRR

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