Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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4. Impacts of Displacement The studies identified the impacts of displacement and were used as the basis for designing the resettlement program (Table 5.5). Table 5.5 Social and Cultural Impacts of Resettlement Impact Loss of current house and frustrated plans to improve it Loss of social networks Psycho-social problems Household budgeting Disruptions in the host community Description The low-income populations, with no access to the formal housing market or loans, build their homes gradually, when money is available. Most want a large house with several floors (if possible), so part can be used to generate income (eg. renting rooms or floors, or establishing some type of business). Over time, people built social networks. Thus, the extent to which they are affected by resettlement is directly related to vulnerability, especially for those needing the most support, such as female-headed households, the elderly and disabled. Awareness of risk and the need to relocate triggers feelings of loss and anxiety regarding the potential dangers, as well as the uncertainty associated with displacement. Moves into legally owned houses entails payments—such as taxes and utility fees—not previously in the household budget. Moves also involve expenditures for paperwork and loss of income due to the time spent on acquiring the new house and getting re-established. Households that run businesses or rented out space in the houses suffer a temporary loss of income until they resume those activities, if the new house allowed for them. The host community could be affected by the arrival of the resettled households because of increased pressure on the use of and demand for community facilities and social services. Also, new arrivals can be regarded as undesirable (due to their origins), which creates stigmas. 5. Institutional Organization The CVP directed the resettlement program, while other entities performed specific functions such as risk assessments and management, education and health care, community organization, and income-generating projects. Local authorities and emergency relief committees also participate (see Table 5.6 for a list of entities and their activities). Table 5.6 Institutional Responsibilities in the Resettlement Process Activities Entity in Charge Supporting Entities Identifying hazards and risks; preparing technical concepts Identifying lots and population Directorate of Emergency Prevention and Relief - DPAE Identifying total affected area – monitoring risks Prioritizing households for resettlement Designing evacuation routes and training programs; temporarily relocating populations (first month) DPAE District Social Integration Secretariat District Health Secretariat Local Mayor’s Office Rehabilitating reclaimed land District Environment Secretariat DPAE Purchasing land and properties Conducting appraisals and awarding VURs Low-Income Population Housing Agency - CVP Assisting population to be resettled during all the process Providing psycho-social assistance District Social Integration Secretariat Improving sanitation and health conditions District Health Secretariat Continues 72 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
Table 5.6 Continuation Activities Entity in Charge Supporting Entities Linking to educational services Arranging for household-based productive projects Consolidating social networks Supporting cultural, ecological and productive participation initiatives Source: Secretaría Distrital del Habitat, 2007. District Education Secretariat District Economic Development Secretariat District Environment Secretariat, District Social Integration Secretariat, District Institute of Participation and Community Action, Economic Development Secretariat To coordinate the actions of the different institutions involved in Nueva Esperanza, a technical-social roundtable was formed, meeting monthly. It was chaired by the CVP and DPAE, and attended by all the entities performing tasks, along with leaders elected by the community and oversight bodies. Accountability mechanisms were devised to ensure that progress with the resettlement and other programs in the rehabilitation was properly reported. 6. Eligibility Criteria and Principles Governing the Resettlement Process Based on the regulations for resettling high-risk households, the CPV applied the following eligibility criteria: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ The lot and house were identified by DPAE as being high-risk; The household was living in the high risk area; The household did not possess any other habitable property inside or outside the city; The household had not been resettled in any other project in the city; The household was “in possession” of the property, according to the land tenure study. 7. Stages in the Resettlement Process A comprehensive three-stage methodology was developed to support the resettlement process. This included: ■■ ■■ ■■ Community engagement and awareness-raising Support with preparations for move Monitoring and follow-up (after the resettlement) 7.1 Community Engagement and Awareness-raising The first stage, starting in December 2004, involved getting to know the households and community in order to determine their socio-economic characteristics and raise their awareness about the risks to which they were exposed. This was done by visiting households, conducting semi-structured interviews, sensitizing households to the high risks, supervising their moves, handling their temporary relocation (where necessary), and monitoring the signing of shared responsibility pacts between households and the CVP. Based on these criteria, 1,074 of the 1,099 households surveyed were included in the resettlement program; the rest were ineligible because 10 families had other habitable houses, six were renters, and nine refused to participate (CVP, 2010b). This last group was referred to a government agency to find a solution. Chapter 5 Nueva Esperanza: A Resettlement Case with Risk Management and Land Use Planning Approach | Colombia | 73
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Preventive Resettlement of Populati
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Contents Abbreviations ............
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9. Lessons Learned During the Reloc
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10. The Transition from the Informa
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Table 6.2. Institutions Involved in
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Chapter 3 CIA COAH-INA CONAE EM-DAT
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NEPO NUDEC PPDC PROCAV SEHAB SINDEC
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CIAAP COCODE COE COMUDE CONRED DICA
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Foreword Latin America and the Cari
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options to resettle the population,
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Figure 1.1. Occurrence of Geologica
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Figure 1.4. Percentage of Deaths by
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words, 72.2 percent of the deaths w
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(Figure 1.8). In that same period,
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Ecuador and Peru) are estimated to
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the solid waste discharged into the
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Figure 1.13. The Hyogo Framework fo
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grinding poverty and weak governanc
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———. 2009a. Global Assessment
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■■ for the population affected
Page 44 and 45: Mechanisms for consulting and negot
Page 46 and 47: Photo: Willie Heinz/IDB
Page 48 and 49: Figure 3.1. Percentage of the Urban
Page 50 and 51: the unit again, to the National Dir
Page 52 and 53: ity to floods within the participat
Page 54 and 55: ecame active subjects in transformi
Page 56 and 57: These agreements could have been te
Page 58 and 59: unable to do the actual constructio
Page 60 and 61: 4.10 Use Made of Reclaimed Flood-ri
Page 62 and 63: The self-effort and mutual assistan
Page 64 and 65: References Arnold, Margaret. 2004.
Page 66 and 67: The most significant natural disast
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Page 70 and 71: canalizing streams, and carrying ou
Page 72 and 73: 4. Profile of the Population The fa
Page 74 and 75: In this option, families were tempo
Page 76 and 77: lished when PROCAV II was launched
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Page 81 and 82: Chapter 5: Colombia Nueva Esperanza
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.1 Effects of the Five Sever
Page 85 and 86: B. Capital District of Bogotá Bogo
Page 87 and 88: SDPAE includes 25 institutions in t
Page 89 and 90: Initially, the amount assessed due
Page 91 and 92: Table 5.3. Participation of Capital
Page 93: Figure 5.4 Types of Houses BUILT WI
Page 97 and 98: 7.2 Support for Moving to the New H
Page 99 and 100: in municipalities in the Andean, Ca
Page 101 and 102: were maintained. The teams of profe
Page 103 and 104: 12. Lessons Learned Because the res
Page 105: Bibliography Alcaldía Mayor de Bog
Page 108 and 109: worst threat, followed by tropical
Page 110 and 111: In its prevention activities, CONRE
Page 112 and 113: 4.3 Disaster Risk Management Model
Page 114 and 115: This integrated and culturally sens
Page 116 and 117: 4. Consequences of Tropical Storm S
Page 118 and 119: To that end, the Santiago Atitlán
Page 120 and 121: Table 6.2. Continuation Component C
Page 122 and 123: tion Commission consisting of the l
Page 124 and 125: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cultura
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Page 128 and 129: Bibliography INSIVUMEH (Instituto N
Page 130 and 131: emarkable growth is not accompanied
Page 132 and 133: synergies created to overcome one o
Page 134 and 135: and status: They went from being in
Page 136 and 137: eligious beliefs - converged to cre
Page 138 and 139: Glossary * Acceptable risk The leve
Page 140 and 141: Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, subs
Page 142 and 143: About the Authors and Contributors
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