Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR
Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR
Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR
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4. Impacts <strong>of</strong> Displacement<br />
The studies identified the impacts <strong>of</strong> displacement and were used as the basis for designing the resettlement program<br />
(Table 5.5).<br />
Table 5.5 Social and Cultural Impacts <strong>of</strong> <strong>Resettlement</strong><br />
Impact<br />
Loss <strong>of</strong> current house<br />
and frustr<strong>at</strong>ed plans to<br />
improve it<br />
Loss <strong>of</strong> social networks<br />
Psycho-social problems<br />
Household budgeting<br />
Disruptions in the host<br />
community<br />
Description<br />
The low-income popul<strong>at</strong>ions, with no access to the formal housing market or loans, build their homes<br />
gradually, when money is available. Most want a large house with several floors (if possible), so part can be<br />
used to gener<strong>at</strong>e income (eg. renting rooms or floors, or establishing some type <strong>of</strong> business).<br />
Over time, people built social networks. Thus, the extent to which they are affected by resettlement is<br />
directly rel<strong>at</strong>ed to vulnerability, especially for those needing the most support, such as female-headed<br />
households, the elderly and disabled.<br />
Awareness <strong>of</strong> risk and the need to reloc<strong>at</strong>e triggers feelings <strong>of</strong> loss and anxiety regarding the potential<br />
dangers, as well as the uncertainty associ<strong>at</strong>ed with displacement.<br />
Moves into legally owned houses entails payments—such as taxes and utility fees—not previously in the<br />
household budget.<br />
Moves also involve expenditures for paperwork and loss <strong>of</strong> income due to the time spent on acquiring the<br />
new house and getting re-established.<br />
Households th<strong>at</strong> run businesses or rented out space in the houses suffer a temporary loss <strong>of</strong> income until<br />
they resume those activities, if the new house allowed for them.<br />
The host community could be affected by the arrival <strong>of</strong> the resettled households because <strong>of</strong> increased<br />
pressure on the use <strong>of</strong> and demand for community facilities and social services. Also, new arrivals can be<br />
regarded as undesirable (due to their origins), which cre<strong>at</strong>es stigmas.<br />
5. Institutional Organiz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
The CVP directed the resettlement program, while other entities performed specific functions such as risk assessments<br />
and management, educ<strong>at</strong>ion and health care, community organiz<strong>at</strong>ion, and income-gener<strong>at</strong>ing projects. Local<br />
authorities and emergency relief committees also particip<strong>at</strong>e (see Table 5.6 for a list <strong>of</strong> entities and their activities).<br />
Table 5.6 Institutional Responsibilities in the <strong>Resettlement</strong> Process<br />
Activities Entity in Charge Supporting Entities<br />
Identifying hazards and risks; preparing technical concepts<br />
Identifying lots and popul<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Director<strong>at</strong>e <strong>of</strong> Emergency Prevention and Relief - DPAE<br />
Identifying total affected area – monitoring risks<br />
Prioritizing households for resettlement<br />
Designing evacu<strong>at</strong>ion routes and training programs;<br />
temporarily reloc<strong>at</strong>ing popul<strong>at</strong>ions (first month)<br />
DPAE<br />
District Social Integr<strong>at</strong>ion Secretari<strong>at</strong><br />
District Health Secretari<strong>at</strong><br />
Local Mayor’s Office<br />
Rehabilit<strong>at</strong>ing reclaimed land District Environment Secretari<strong>at</strong> DPAE<br />
Purchasing land and properties<br />
Conducting appraisals and awarding VURs<br />
Low-Income Popul<strong>at</strong>ion Housing Agency - CVP<br />
Assisting popul<strong>at</strong>ion to be resettled during all the process<br />
Providing psycho-social assistance<br />
District Social Integr<strong>at</strong>ion Secretari<strong>at</strong><br />
Improving sanit<strong>at</strong>ion and health conditions<br />
District Health Secretari<strong>at</strong><br />
Continues<br />
72 <strong>Preventive</strong> <strong>Resettlement</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Popul<strong>at</strong>ions</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>Risk</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Disaster</strong>: Experiences from L<strong>at</strong>in America