Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Colombia’s hydrometeorological characteristics and human settlement patterns facilitate flooding caused by heavy rains. Four major floods, affecting large areas, were recorded from 1972-2008. Colombia is also exposed to the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, as well as to other hazards such as hurricanes, storms and other events related to climatic conditions, such as forest fires. Floods are the most frequent events, but earthquakes wreak the most havoc in terms of deaths and economic losses. According National Emergency Relief and Prevention System (Sistema Nacional de Atención y Prevención de Desastres, SNPAD) data, there were 9,106 events, 58 percent of which were floods (Figure 5.2) from 1998- 2008; they affected nine million people and caused considerable damage to houses, services and transportation infrastructure (ERN, 2004). Figure 5.2. Percentage Distribution of Natural Events in Colombia (1998-2008) Earthquakes 1.2% Droughts 0.4% Miscellaneous 4.5% 2. Disaster Risk Management Colombia is exposed to geological, geomorphological and hydrometeorological hazards. It is located in a highly complex geologic zone due to the movements of three tectonic plates that generate seismic and volcanic activity. It also has 13 active volcanoes. These features explain the occurrence of earthquakes and tsunamis, for which records are available since 1557 (Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic - Contraloría General de la Nación, 2005). These show nine major earthquakes in the Pacific and Andean regions, two tsunamis on the southern Pacific Coast (one with a magnitude of Mw 9.2), and several volcanic eruptions followed by avalanches, like the one caused by the melting of the Nevado del Ruiz in 1985. Earthquakes are the principal natural hazard because nearly 86 percent of the population is located in zones where seismic hazard is medium-to-high (National Planning Department – Departamento Nacional de Planeación, DNP, 2001). The geo-morphological hazards are manifested as landslides. Since 1983, a number of such events occurred, five of them of considerable magnitude along the Andean mountain range. Forest fires 4.1% Gales-storms 13.8% Landslides-erosion 17% Volcanic events 0.8% Floods-avalanches 58.4% Source: National Directorate for Prevention and Disaster Relief (Dirección Nacional de Prevención y Atención de Desastres, DNPAD). Emergency relief subtotals (percent) 1998-2008. The frequency of the events varies in different geographic regions. From 1998-2008, most landslides (83 percent) and almost all (99.26 percent) forest fires occurred in the Andean region. Floods, however, predominated in the Caribbean and Pacific regions (43 percent). Of all the disasters, five that occurred from 1983-1999 were of considerable magnitude, causing direct economic losses from US$46 million - US$1.6 billion per event, and reconstruction costs from US$15million - US$857 million (Table 5.1). 60 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
Table 5.1 Effects of the Five Severe Natural Disasters Name of Event Event Earthquake Popayán – Cauca Volcanic eruption Nevado del Ruiz – Tolima Earthquake Atrato Medio – Chocó Earthquake Tierradentro – Cauca and Huila Earthquake Eje Cafetero – Caldas, Quindío Effects No. Affected Affected Area km 2 No. People People Affected Homes Homes Date Municipalities Direct* Indirect Killed Injured Persons Destroyed Damaged 1983 12 1,033 2,550 287 7,248 150,000 2,470 13,650 * 1985 17 422 2,697 28,000 – 32,500 4,970 232,542 5,450 5,150 1992 33 18,708 39,396 26 80 28,500 1,905 3,941 1994 15 5,000 10,000 1,091 207** 28,569 1,664*** 3,160*** 1999 28 107 1,360 3,465 8,256 580,000* 35,949 43,422 Sources: ERN in Colombia. Consultants. Estudio sobre desastres ocurridos en Colombia. Estimación de pérdidas y cuantificación de costos [Study of disasters in Colombia. Estimated losses and costs] Chapter 1: pp. 1-106 and pp. 212-217October, 2004. * The revival of coffee. Lessons learned from material and social reconstruction (El Resurgir Cafetero. Lecciones de la reconstrucción física y social): p.33. ** Presentation by Jaime Ruiz. The reconstruction experience, policy challenges and principal outcomes (La experiencia de reconstrucción retos de política y principales resultados): p.32. Office of the Attorney General of the Republic *** Network of Social Studies in the Prevention of Disasters in Latin America. Disasters and Society. January-June 1995 (4) Year 3. “Special edition, Cauca and Huila, Colombia. June 1995-June 1996: p. 20. Retrieved from: www.desenredando.org The consequence of these events, including the cost of emergency relief and reconstruction, forced Colombia to re-examine its relief models and the legal and institutional framework in order to develop a disaster prevention system, along with emergency and rehabilitation programs. 3. The National Emergency Relief and Prevention System Given its history of disasters, authorities realized the need for an integrated system for emergency prevention and relief. Thus, since the mid-1980s, the country has increasingly consolidated its legal and institutional framework in order to improve the disaster management framework. Among the most important advances are: (a) the SNPAD and the Directorate of Risk Management for Disaster Prevention and Relief created in 1988, (b) risk assessment studies assigned to and conducted by specific institutions (the Colombian Institute of Mining and Geology - Instituto Colombiano de Minas y Geología, INGEOMINAS; and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies - Instituto de Hidrología, Metereología y Estudios Ambientales), (c) the inclusion of risk prevention and reduction in landuse planning, and (d) establishment of financial mechanisms for emergency prevention and relief (the National Calamity Fund – Fondo Nacional de Calamidades - and housing subsidies for families in at-risk areas or those affected by disasters). SNPAD is run by a national committee, composed of the President of the Republic and the National Directorate of Disaster Prevention and Relief, which is part of the Ministry of the Interior and Justice. The main features of this system are that it is inter-agency, inter-sectoral, decentralized and participatory. It consists of national, technical and operations committees and sectoral commissions. Through both regional and local disaster prevention and relief committees (Regional Committees of Disaster Prevention and Relief - Comités regionales de prevención y atención de desastres, CREPADS and local committees of disaster prevention and relief –comités locales de prevención y atención de desastres, CLOPADS), the system also coordinates actions at the Chapter 5 Nueva Esperanza: A Resettlement Case with Risk Management and Land Use Planning Approach | Colombia | 61
Page 1 and 2:
Preventive Resettlement of Populati
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
Contents Abbreviations ............
Page 7 and 8:
9. Lessons Learned During the Reloc
Page 9 and 10:
10. The Transition from the Informa
Page 11 and 12:
Table 6.2. Institutions Involved in
Page 13 and 14:
Chapter 3 CIA COAH-INA CONAE EM-DAT
Page 15 and 16:
NEPO NUDEC PPDC PROCAV SEHAB SINDEC
Page 17 and 18:
CIAAP COCODE COE COMUDE CONRED DICA
Page 19 and 20:
Foreword Latin America and the Cari
Page 21:
options to resettle the population,
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 1.1. Occurrence of Geologica
Page 26 and 27:
Figure 1.4. Percentage of Deaths by
Page 28 and 29:
words, 72.2 percent of the deaths w
Page 30 and 31:
(Figure 1.8). In that same period,
Page 32 and 33: Ecuador and Peru) are estimated to
Page 34 and 35: the solid waste discharged into the
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.13. The Hyogo Framework fo
Page 38 and 39: grinding poverty and weak governanc
Page 40 and 41: ———. 2009a. Global Assessment
Page 42 and 43: ■■ for the population affected
Page 44 and 45: Mechanisms for consulting and negot
Page 46 and 47: Photo: Willie Heinz/IDB
Page 48 and 49: Figure 3.1. Percentage of the Urban
Page 50 and 51: the unit again, to the National Dir
Page 52 and 53: ity to floods within the participat
Page 54 and 55: ecame active subjects in transformi
Page 56 and 57: These agreements could have been te
Page 58 and 59: unable to do the actual constructio
Page 60 and 61: 4.10 Use Made of Reclaimed Flood-ri
Page 62 and 63: The self-effort and mutual assistan
Page 64 and 65: References Arnold, Margaret. 2004.
Page 66 and 67: The most significant natural disast
Page 68 and 69: ■■ Organize and coordinate SIND
Page 70 and 71: canalizing streams, and carrying ou
Page 72 and 73: 4. Profile of the Population The fa
Page 74 and 75: In this option, families were tempo
Page 76 and 77: lished when PROCAV II was launched
Page 78 and 79: housing, they more readily accepted
Page 81: Chapter 5: Colombia Nueva Esperanza
Page 85 and 86: B. Capital District of Bogotá Bogo
Page 87 and 88: SDPAE includes 25 institutions in t
Page 89 and 90: Initially, the amount assessed due
Page 91 and 92: Table 5.3. Participation of Capital
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5.4 Types of Houses BUILT WI
Page 95 and 96: Table 5.6 Continuation Activities E
Page 97 and 98: 7.2 Support for Moving to the New H
Page 99 and 100: in municipalities in the Andean, Ca
Page 101 and 102: were maintained. The teams of profe
Page 103 and 104: 12. Lessons Learned Because the res
Page 105: Bibliography Alcaldía Mayor de Bog
Page 108 and 109: worst threat, followed by tropical
Page 110 and 111: In its prevention activities, CONRE
Page 112 and 113: 4.3 Disaster Risk Management Model
Page 114 and 115: This integrated and culturally sens
Page 116 and 117: 4. Consequences of Tropical Storm S
Page 118 and 119: To that end, the Santiago Atitlán
Page 120 and 121: Table 6.2. Continuation Component C
Page 122 and 123: tion Commission consisting of the l
Page 124 and 125: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cultura
Page 126 and 127: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■
Page 128 and 129: Bibliography INSIVUMEH (Instituto N
Page 130 and 131: emarkable growth is not accompanied
Page 132 and 133:
synergies created to overcome one o
Page 134 and 135:
and status: They went from being in
Page 136 and 137:
eligious beliefs - converged to cre
Page 138 and 139:
Glossary * Acceptable risk The leve
Page 140 and 141:
Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, subs
Page 142 and 143:
About the Authors and Contributors
Page 144:
show all

Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?