Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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housing, they more readily accepted the financial responsibilities later. What did not work in the process of resettling people in the upgraded favelas? ■■ ■■ ■■ Cooperation between the secretariat and firms hired to perform services (street lighting, public transportation and security) did not fully develop in the time agreed upon; thus, families who were moved to rental housing during the works phase were not resettled on schedule. There was a gap between the time the urbanization project was prepared and its implementation. No environmental education program was created for the community to develop new options with respect to garbage disposal. 9.3 Expropriation and Cash Compensation Unlike the option to resettle in housing complexes, the one that involved cash compensation or expropriation was conducted without a specific plan to guide the process. As a result, the expropriations and compensation payments were processed through the municipalities’ standard procedures. A key lesson was that authorities should have attached the same importance to the cash compensation option as to the resettlement option. Experience suggests that moving low-income populations to housing complexes is less problematic than compensating residents for the value of their houses, either with funds or replacement houses. Despite the difficulties of resettling families into large complexes, they always receive better homes than they previously had, which cannot always be guaranteed in the compensation option. The final report on expropriations (of owners affected by projects similar to the streams canalization program) recommended the following: a. The international organizations’ financing the projects should pay more attention to the expropriation processes, so as to achieve a serious commitment between the parties and also provide mechanisms and instruments for monitoring and managing the process. It might also be useful if the loans included funds with which to finance the expropriations, so as not to depend solely on the availability of local counterpart funds. b. If it is not feasible to include the costs of expropriations in the budget, the multi-lateral financial institutions could require, from the time the contract is concluded, a guarantee that funds will be available to avoid interruptions in the expropriation process, which create difficulties in meeting schedules for the project’s civil works. c. A detailed expropriation plan should be designed, based on a census and socio-economic study of the target population. The plan should include all of the activities in line with the civil works schedule. d. The expropriation plan needs to guarantee fair payment for the properties involved, so that the amount the displaced families receive will be enough to purchase a comparable property. e. It is essential to anticipate schedules of actions that can be implemented in a timely fashion and thereby facilitate the movement of families as the construction begins. This will help them avoid losses caused by lack of income and any activities they have to suspend. f. It is vital to include communication actions and negotiating techniques into the expropriation process to provide answers to queries and exhaust all options for acquiring properties by friendly, rather than judicial means. g. The entities responsible for expropriations must have adequate human and financial resources. Also, an instrument should be designed to regulate the administrative procedures for expropriating real estate; it should not allow the process to begin without guarantees that the funds needed for the compensations are available. This case study offers valuable lessons about different resettlement options. It also shows the risks of underestimating such a complex program. 56 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
References Instituto Brazileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Censo Nacional de Saneamento, 2002; Censos Demográficos 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 e contagem de população 2007. Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). 2008. Evaluación final del proyecto. National Secretary of Civil Defense. Disasters Records of São Paulo, press archives, 2008. Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo. 2004. Plano general de reassentamento de População. ———. 2007. Plano preventivo de Defensa Civil (PPDC). ———. 2007. Urbanização de Favelas. Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, GePROCAV, BID. 2007. Seminário de Avaliação do PROCAV II, abril. Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, GePROCAV, Ziguia. 2004. Avaliação expost do processo de remanejamento de população. Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, SEHAB-HABI. 2007. Cadastro de favelas, sistema. Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, SEHAB-HABI- GePROCAV-BID. 2007. Avaliação final do PRO- CAV. Scombatti, Marília. 2004. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo: Informes de seguimiento y supervisión del PROCAV 2000-2004. Universidade de Campinas, Núcleo de Estudos Populacionais (nepo). 2006. Estudios demográficos. Chapter 4 Changes in the Quality of Life for People in High Risk Areas | Brazil | 57
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Preventive Resettlement of Populati
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Contents Abbreviations ............
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9. Lessons Learned During the Reloc
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10. The Transition from the Informa
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Table 6.2. Institutions Involved in
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Chapter 3 CIA COAH-INA CONAE EM-DAT
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NEPO NUDEC PPDC PROCAV SEHAB SINDEC
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CIAAP COCODE COE COMUDE CONRED DICA
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Foreword Latin America and the Cari
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options to resettle the population,
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Figure 1.1. Occurrence of Geologica
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Figure 1.4. Percentage of Deaths by
Page 28 and 29: words, 72.2 percent of the deaths w
Page 30 and 31: (Figure 1.8). In that same period,
Page 32 and 33: Ecuador and Peru) are estimated to
Page 34 and 35: the solid waste discharged into the
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.13. The Hyogo Framework fo
Page 38 and 39: grinding poverty and weak governanc
Page 40 and 41: ———. 2009a. Global Assessment
Page 42 and 43: ■■ for the population affected
Page 44 and 45: Mechanisms for consulting and negot
Page 46 and 47: Photo: Willie Heinz/IDB
Page 48 and 49: Figure 3.1. Percentage of the Urban
Page 50 and 51: the unit again, to the National Dir
Page 52 and 53: ity to floods within the participat
Page 54 and 55: ecame active subjects in transformi
Page 56 and 57: These agreements could have been te
Page 58 and 59: unable to do the actual constructio
Page 60 and 61: 4.10 Use Made of Reclaimed Flood-ri
Page 62 and 63: The self-effort and mutual assistan
Page 64 and 65: References Arnold, Margaret. 2004.
Page 66 and 67: The most significant natural disast
Page 68 and 69: ■■ Organize and coordinate SIND
Page 70 and 71: canalizing streams, and carrying ou
Page 72 and 73: 4. Profile of the Population The fa
Page 74 and 75: In this option, families were tempo
Page 76 and 77: lished when PROCAV II was launched
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 5: Colombia Nueva Esperanza
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.1 Effects of the Five Sever
Page 85 and 86: B. Capital District of Bogotá Bogo
Page 87 and 88: SDPAE includes 25 institutions in t
Page 89 and 90: Initially, the amount assessed due
Page 91 and 92: Table 5.3. Participation of Capital
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5.4 Types of Houses BUILT WI
Page 95 and 96: Table 5.6 Continuation Activities E
Page 97 and 98: 7.2 Support for Moving to the New H
Page 99 and 100: in municipalities in the Andean, Ca
Page 101 and 102: were maintained. The teams of profe
Page 103 and 104: 12. Lessons Learned Because the res
Page 105: Bibliography Alcaldía Mayor de Bog
Page 108 and 109: worst threat, followed by tropical
Page 110 and 111: In its prevention activities, CONRE
Page 112 and 113: 4.3 Disaster Risk Management Model
Page 114 and 115: This integrated and culturally sens
Page 116 and 117: 4. Consequences of Tropical Storm S
Page 118 and 119: To that end, the Santiago Atitlán
Page 120 and 121: Table 6.2. Continuation Component C
Page 122 and 123: tion Commission consisting of the l
Page 124 and 125: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cultura
Page 126 and 127: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■
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Bibliography INSIVUMEH (Instituto N
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emarkable growth is not accompanied
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synergies created to overcome one o
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and status: They went from being in
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eligious beliefs - converged to cre
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Glossary * Acceptable risk The leve
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Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, subs
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About the Authors and Contributors
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