Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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Figure 3.1. Percentage of the Urban and Rural Population Percentage 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Urban population Rural population 1947 1960 1970 1980 1990 2001 2010 Year Source: Own presentation based on INDEC censuses. The 2010 data are an INDEC projection. poor (in the second). This pattern produced inequitable and socially exclusive cities. Often, the illegal areas occupied land that was ill-suited for urban use and at risk of disasters, further exacerbating the problems of the poor. 2. Regional Disparities According to the Unsatisfied Basic Needs Index (Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas, NBI), in 2001, the largest population in relative terms with unmet basic needs was in the northwest and northeast of the country (NWA and NEA, respectively). However, in absolute terms, the central region has the highest percentage of the population (94.81 percent), and the largest number of Argentina’s poor, although it has the lowest relative poverty index of any region (Table 3.1). Although the NEA region has less than 11 percent of the country’s population, it contains almost 20 percent of Argentina’s poor. The urbanization index in this region is over 78 percent and the area is periodically hit by serious flooding. 3. Socio-natural Disasters Due to the country’s topographical and hydrological characteristics, and the geographical distribution of the population, the principal disasters are caused by floods. Other hazards exist, such as earthquakes, mudslides and drought, but they are far less frequent: 4 Argentina is one of the 14 countries in the world hardest-hit by flood-related catastrophes, with losses equal to more than 1.8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) (Arnold, 2004). With more than one major disaster every 10 years, the frequency rate is considered high (The World Bank, 2000). The disasters that most severely impact the country occur in the valleys of La Plata River basin because they last longer (two weeks to more than two months) and affect areas in which 76 percent of the country’s GDP Table 3.1. Urban and Rural Population and NBI Population NBI Share of the In relative terms (percentage) Urban population in the national urban total NBI population in the national NBI total In absolute Urbanization Region Total Urban (1) Rural terms index TOTAL 36,213,461 32,385,281 3,828,180 6,397,277 18 89 100 100 CENTER 22,624,174 21,450,169 1,174,005 3,240,385 14 95 66 51 NEA 4,525,665 3,537,379 988,286 1,219,174 27 78 11 19 NWA 4,458,470 3,504,329 954,141 1,219,995 27 79 11 19 CUYO 2,567,607 2,106,221 461,386 408,548 16 82 7 6 SOUTH 2,037,545 1,787,183 250,362 309,176 15 88 6 5 (1) Places with 2,000 or more inhabitants are considered urban; the rest is the rural population. Source: INDEC. National Demographic and Housing Census 1991 and National Demographic, Households and Housing Census, 2001. 4 Typically, floods result in fewer deaths than other phenomena, such as earthquakes. In the 1944 San Juan earthquake, about 10,000 people died, 10 times more than deaths caused by floods from 1958- 2004, according to EM-DAT data. 26 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
is generated and 70 percent of the population is located (The World Bank, 2000: 17-21). Five of the 10 major floods of the 20th century occurred since 1983, resulting in huge losses. Table 3.2 shows the number of people affected as well as the economic toll, from 1982-1998. Table 3.2. Principal Floods in the Provinces of the La Plata River Basin and the Associated Losses (1982−1998) Year of the flood Inhabitants evacuated Total losses in US$ millions 1982-1983 177,000 1,800 1992 123,000 1,000 1998 105,000 2,400 Source: Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Investment and Services, 2007 Map 3.2 shows population densities for each political division and Map 3.3 shows the flood-prone areas. The comparison of these maps illustrates that the most floodprone areas correlate with those most densely populated. In terms of frequency, extent, duration and losses, the northeastern provinces and part of the central region are those hardest-hit by floods. As mentioned earlier, those regions also contain the bulk of Argentina’s poor, which means that damage from floods is exacerbated by the various forms of vulnerability associated with poverty. Map 3.2. Population Density by Province 4. Disaster Risk Management 4.1 Institutional Organization From 1958-1996, the military authorities were in charge of natural disaster prevention and emergency response. In 1958, the function was assigned to what was then the army’s Territorial Passive Anti-aircraft Defense Division (Defensa Antiaérea Pasiva Territorial), renamed the Civil Defense Directorate (Dirección de Defensa Civil) in 1969. In 1996, the Ministry of the Interior (Secretariat of Internal Security) assumed these responsibilities and re-named Map 3.3. Flood Prone Areas Source: Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Vivienda, 2001. INDEC. Source: Instituto de Tecnología Agropecuaria, INTA. Chapter 3 Response to Recurrent Floods: Assisted Self-Construction Housing Program | Argentina | 27
Page 1 and 2: Preventive Resettlement of Populati
Page 3 and 4: Preventive Resettlement of Populati
Page 5 and 6: Contents Abbreviations ............
Page 7 and 8: 9. Lessons Learned During the Reloc
Page 9 and 10: 10. The Transition from the Informa
Page 11 and 12: Table 6.2. Institutions Involved in
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 3 CIA COAH-INA CONAE EM-DAT
Page 15 and 16: NEPO NUDEC PPDC PROCAV SEHAB SINDEC
Page 17 and 18: CIAAP COCODE COE COMUDE CONRED DICA
Page 19 and 20: Foreword Latin America and the Cari
Page 21: options to resettle the population,
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1.1. Occurrence of Geologica
Page 26 and 27: Figure 1.4. Percentage of Deaths by
Page 28 and 29: words, 72.2 percent of the deaths w
Page 30 and 31: (Figure 1.8). In that same period,
Page 32 and 33: Ecuador and Peru) are estimated to
Page 34 and 35: the solid waste discharged into the
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.13. The Hyogo Framework fo
Page 38 and 39: grinding poverty and weak governanc
Page 40 and 41: ———. 2009a. Global Assessment
Page 42 and 43: ■■ for the population affected
Page 44 and 45: Mechanisms for consulting and negot
Page 46 and 47: Photo: Willie Heinz/IDB
Page 50 and 51: the unit again, to the National Dir
Page 52 and 53: ity to floods within the participat
Page 54 and 55: ecame active subjects in transformi
Page 56 and 57: These agreements could have been te
Page 58 and 59: unable to do the actual constructio
Page 60 and 61: 4.10 Use Made of Reclaimed Flood-ri
Page 62 and 63: The self-effort and mutual assistan
Page 64 and 65: References Arnold, Margaret. 2004.
Page 66 and 67: The most significant natural disast
Page 68 and 69: ■■ Organize and coordinate SIND
Page 70 and 71: canalizing streams, and carrying ou
Page 72 and 73: 4. Profile of the Population The fa
Page 74 and 75: In this option, families were tempo
Page 76 and 77: lished when PROCAV II was launched
Page 78 and 79: housing, they more readily accepted
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 5: Colombia Nueva Esperanza
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.1 Effects of the Five Sever
Page 85 and 86: B. Capital District of Bogotá Bogo
Page 87 and 88: SDPAE includes 25 institutions in t
Page 89 and 90: Initially, the amount assessed due
Page 91 and 92: Table 5.3. Participation of Capital
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5.4 Types of Houses BUILT WI
Page 95 and 96: Table 5.6 Continuation Activities E
Page 97 and 98: 7.2 Support for Moving to the New H
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in municipalities in the Andean, Ca
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were maintained. The teams of profe
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12. Lessons Learned Because the res
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Bibliography Alcaldía Mayor de Bog
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worst threat, followed by tropical
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In its prevention activities, CONRE
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4.3 Disaster Risk Management Model
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This integrated and culturally sens
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4. Consequences of Tropical Storm S
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To that end, the Santiago Atitlán
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Table 6.2. Continuation Component C
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tion Commission consisting of the l
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cultura
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■
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Bibliography INSIVUMEH (Instituto N
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emarkable growth is not accompanied
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synergies created to overcome one o
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and status: They went from being in
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eligious beliefs - converged to cre
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Glossary * Acceptable risk The leve
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Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, subs
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About the Authors and Contributors
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Preventive Resettlement of Populati
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Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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