Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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———. 2009a. Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.preventionweb.net/ english/hyogo/gar/report/index.php?id=9413. ———. 2009b. 2009 Disasters in Numbers. ———. 2009c. Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. Retrieved from: http://unisdr.org/files/7817_ UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf UNDP (United Nations Development Program). 2004. Reducing Disaster Risk, A Challenge for Development. Provention Consortium, Guidance Note 8: Tools for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction - economic analysis. Nueva York: UNDP’S Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR). UN-Habitat. (United Nations Human Settlements Programme). 2009. Global Report on Human Settlements 2009. Planning Sustainable cities: Policy Directions. London: Abridge Edition. London- Sterling. UN (United Nations). 2005. The Millennium Development Goals Report. New York 2005. Retrieved from: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/ MDG%20Book.pdf Wilches Chaux, Gustavo. 2008. Estrategia Internacional de Reducción de Desastres (eird). 2008. La gestión del riesgo de desastres hoy: contextos globales, herramientas locales (eird). Web Resources cdera ceresis cred crid isdr Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency - http://www.cdera.org/ Regional Seismologic Center for South America http://www.ceresis.org/new/es/ index.html Center for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters - http://www.cred.be/ Regional Disaster Information Center for Latin America and the Caribbean http://www.crid.or.cr/crid/ing/index_ ing.html International Strategy for Natural Disaster Reduction - http://www.unisdr.org/ 18 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
Chapter 2 Resettlement as a Disaster Risk Reduction Measure: Case studies By Elena Correa 1. Preventive Resettlement Preventive resettlement of populations located in high-risk areas is a corrective measure in which all or part of a community is relocated because of the high risk of disaster. Such a measure should be seen as a last resort, when it is impossible to mitigate risk factors associated, for example, with landslides, the likelihood of volcanic eruptions, or severe flooding that cannot be controlled. In such cases, its pertinence and viability depends on how well it is incorporated into a comprehensive riskreduction strategy. The decision to resettle must be supported by technical and risk-assessment studies and be built into land-use planning strategies. In addition to reducing risk, resettlement may also present an opportunity to improve the standard of living of vulnerable groups in high-risk areas. In such cases, it constitutes a progressive-corrective measure in which action is taken to address not only exposure to existing risk but also the factors underlying vulnerability. Further, resettlement may be considered part of a landuse planning strategy, when it is assessed that a community’s socio-economic development may negatively impact the local ecosystem and trigger new natural hazards (e.g., communities established in areas designated only for forests). 1 In such cases, resettlement could be described as a prospective risk-management measure intended to preempt a propensity to future risk. 2. The Benefits of Preventive Resettlement Resettlement of people living in high-risk areas can eliminate the costs associated with emergency responses and reconstruction. Indeed, loss of life, infrastructure and assets, as well as other damages, can all be diminished in both monetary and non-monetary terms, as described below: ■■ ■■ Human life. By resettling those living in high-risk areas, it is possible to prevent the direct impact and costs of a disaster in terms of human lives and injuries. Moreover, indirect impacts and costs are also avoided, not only for those exposed to risk but also for society as a whole. Infrastructure. Preventive resettlement cannot avoid the direct monetary costs associated with rebuilding structures after a disaster (e.g houses, institutional buildings, factories, and public and private facilities) because they must be replaced or rehabilitated. However, indirect monetary costs and non-monetary costs may be avoided. For example, shelters will not have to be built 1 See Chapter 13: “Relocation” (Reubicaciones) in: Disaster Risk Management Today: Global Context, Local Tools. ISDR, 2008 (Author: Wilches-Chaux). Chapter 2 Resettlement as a Disaster Risk Reduction Measure: Case Studies 19
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Page 5 and 6: Contents Abbreviations ............
Page 7 and 8: 9. Lessons Learned During the Reloc
Page 9 and 10: 10. The Transition from the Informa
Page 11 and 12: Table 6.2. Institutions Involved in
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 3 CIA COAH-INA CONAE EM-DAT
Page 15 and 16: NEPO NUDEC PPDC PROCAV SEHAB SINDEC
Page 17 and 18: CIAAP COCODE COE COMUDE CONRED DICA
Page 19 and 20: Foreword Latin America and the Cari
Page 21: options to resettle the population,
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1.1. Occurrence of Geologica
Page 26 and 27: Figure 1.4. Percentage of Deaths by
Page 28 and 29: words, 72.2 percent of the deaths w
Page 30 and 31: (Figure 1.8). In that same period,
Page 32 and 33: Ecuador and Peru) are estimated to
Page 34 and 35: the solid waste discharged into the
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.13. The Hyogo Framework fo
Page 38 and 39: grinding poverty and weak governanc
Page 42 and 43: ■■ for the population affected
Page 44 and 45: Mechanisms for consulting and negot
Page 46 and 47: Photo: Willie Heinz/IDB
Page 48 and 49: Figure 3.1. Percentage of the Urban
Page 50 and 51: the unit again, to the National Dir
Page 52 and 53: ity to floods within the participat
Page 54 and 55: ecame active subjects in transformi
Page 56 and 57: These agreements could have been te
Page 58 and 59: unable to do the actual constructio
Page 60 and 61: 4.10 Use Made of Reclaimed Flood-ri
Page 62 and 63: The self-effort and mutual assistan
Page 64 and 65: References Arnold, Margaret. 2004.
Page 66 and 67: The most significant natural disast
Page 68 and 69: ■■ Organize and coordinate SIND
Page 70 and 71: canalizing streams, and carrying ou
Page 72 and 73: 4. Profile of the Population The fa
Page 74 and 75: In this option, families were tempo
Page 76 and 77: lished when PROCAV II was launched
Page 78 and 79: housing, they more readily accepted
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 5: Colombia Nueva Esperanza
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.1 Effects of the Five Sever
Page 85 and 86: B. Capital District of Bogotá Bogo
Page 87 and 88: SDPAE includes 25 institutions in t
Page 89 and 90: Initially, the amount assessed due
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Table 5.3. Participation of Capital
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Figure 5.4 Types of Houses BUILT WI
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Table 5.6 Continuation Activities E
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7.2 Support for Moving to the New H
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in municipalities in the Andean, Ca
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were maintained. The teams of profe
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12. Lessons Learned Because the res
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Bibliography Alcaldía Mayor de Bog
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worst threat, followed by tropical
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In its prevention activities, CONRE
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4.3 Disaster Risk Management Model
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This integrated and culturally sens
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4. Consequences of Tropical Storm S
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To that end, the Santiago Atitlán
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Table 6.2. Continuation Component C
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tion Commission consisting of the l
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cultura
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■
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Bibliography INSIVUMEH (Instituto N
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emarkable growth is not accompanied
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synergies created to overcome one o
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and status: They went from being in
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eligious beliefs - converged to cre
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Glossary * Acceptable risk The leve
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Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, subs
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About the Authors and Contributors
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Preventive Resettlement of Populati
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