Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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Figure 1.1. Occurrence of Geological and Hydrometeorological Disasters (1900–2009) 600 500 No. of disasters 400 300 200 Creation of EM-DAT (1988) 100 0 1900 1903 1906 1909 1912 1915 1918 1921 1924 1927 1930 1933 1936 1939 1942 1945 1948 1951 1954 1957 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 Source: EM-DAT. Year statistics systematically compiled by EM-DAT and other international databases, such as those maintained by the Munich Re and Swiss Re re-insurance companies. For example, the number of disasters recorded in the EM-DAT associated with natural hazards doubled from 2000 to 2009, 4 compared with the period 1980 to 1989. The analysis of geological and hydrometeorological hazards shows a clear upward trend—from an annual average of 257 disasters a year during the 1990s to an annual average of 382, from 2000 to 2009. Figure 1.2 shows the distribution of the disasters from 1970 to 2009. The upward trend in the total correlated clearly with the occurrence of disasters of hydrological origin, while the frequency of those of geological origin remained fairly constant. Thus, the analysis of types of disasters over the past four decades showed a predominance of those associated with hydrometeorological hazards, which accounted for more than 75 percent of all disasters reported for that period. Figure 1.2. Occurrence of Disasters Worldwide by Type of Hazard (1970–2009) 600 500 Total Hydrometeorological Geological 400 No. of disasters 300 200 100 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Source: EM-DAT. 2 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
Table 1.1. Occurrence of Disasters Worldwide by Decade and Type of Hazard (1970-2009) Origin Hazard Type 1970–79 1980–89 1990–99 2000–2009 Total Geological Earthquakes (seismic) 101 196 267 290 854 Landslides (tectonic) 2 17 16 4 39 Volcanic eruptions 23 32 52 60 167 Subtotal 126 245 335 354 1,060 Hydro Landslides 53 101 145 150 449 meteorological Forest fires 26 60 103 142 331 Floods 263 525 865 1,729 3,382 Droughts 65 126 137 170 498 Extreme temperatures 15 38 92 220 365 Storms 291 559 899 1,055 2,804 Subtotal 713 1,409 2,241 3,466 7,829 Total 839 1,654 2,576 3,820 8,889 Source: EM-DAT. Table 1.1 shows the number of disasters per decade from 1970 to 2009, with a breakdown of the different hazards of geological and hydrometeorological origin. Floods and storms account for a high percentage of the total and had a more rapid rate of increase than other hazards: for example, floods increased six fold since the 1970s, while storms tripled. Overall, in the past decade, there was an annual average of 344 disasters associated with hydrometeorological events, compared to 224 in the 1990s. 1.1 The Impacts of Disasters The occurrence of disasters and the relative shares of different natural hazards provide only initial and partial insight into disaster risk patterns. If disasters’ impact in human and economic terms is incorporated into the analyses, a very different pattern emerges that reveals disaster risk trends and their spatial distribution patterns. According to EM-DAT records, almost 8,900 disasters associated with geological and hydrometeorological hazards over the past four decades (1979–2009) resulted in 3 million deaths, affected 6 billion people, and spawned economic losses of over US$1.8 billion. The number of people affected by these types of disasters increased in each decade—not just in absolute terms, but also as a share of the average world population in each decade (see figure 1.3). 5 World population (millions) 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 World population Affected persons 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–1999 2000–2009 Year 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 No. affected persons (millions) Figure 1.3. Number of Persons Affected by Disasters as a Share of the Average Population per Decade (1970–2009) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/region.php). 5 The population figures in the chart for each decade are derived by calculating the average population for that time period. The figures for the number of victims correspond to the sum of the victims for each decade. Chapter 1 Global and Latin America and the Caribbean Natural Disaster Trends 3
Page 1 and 2: Preventive Resettlement of Populati
Page 3 and 4: Preventive Resettlement of Populati
Page 5 and 6: Contents Abbreviations ............
Page 7 and 8: 9. Lessons Learned During the Reloc
Page 9 and 10: 10. The Transition from the Informa
Page 11 and 12: Table 6.2. Institutions Involved in
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 3 CIA COAH-INA CONAE EM-DAT
Page 15 and 16: NEPO NUDEC PPDC PROCAV SEHAB SINDEC
Page 17 and 18: CIAAP COCODE COE COMUDE CONRED DICA
Page 19 and 20: Foreword Latin America and the Cari
Page 21: options to resettle the population,
Page 26 and 27: Figure 1.4. Percentage of Deaths by
Page 28 and 29: words, 72.2 percent of the deaths w
Page 30 and 31: (Figure 1.8). In that same period,
Page 32 and 33: Ecuador and Peru) are estimated to
Page 34 and 35: the solid waste discharged into the
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.13. The Hyogo Framework fo
Page 38 and 39: grinding poverty and weak governanc
Page 40 and 41: ———. 2009a. Global Assessment
Page 42 and 43: ■■ for the population affected
Page 44 and 45: Mechanisms for consulting and negot
Page 46 and 47: Photo: Willie Heinz/IDB
Page 48 and 49: Figure 3.1. Percentage of the Urban
Page 50 and 51: the unit again, to the National Dir
Page 52 and 53: ity to floods within the participat
Page 54 and 55: ecame active subjects in transformi
Page 56 and 57: These agreements could have been te
Page 58 and 59: unable to do the actual constructio
Page 60 and 61: 4.10 Use Made of Reclaimed Flood-ri
Page 62 and 63: The self-effort and mutual assistan
Page 64 and 65: References Arnold, Margaret. 2004.
Page 66 and 67: The most significant natural disast
Page 68 and 69: ■■ Organize and coordinate SIND
Page 70 and 71: canalizing streams, and carrying ou
Page 72 and 73: 4. Profile of the Population The fa
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In this option, families were tempo
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lished when PROCAV II was launched
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housing, they more readily accepted
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Chapter 5: Colombia Nueva Esperanza
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Table 5.1 Effects of the Five Sever
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B. Capital District of Bogotá Bogo
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SDPAE includes 25 institutions in t
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Initially, the amount assessed due
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Table 5.3. Participation of Capital
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Figure 5.4 Types of Houses BUILT WI
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Table 5.6 Continuation Activities E
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7.2 Support for Moving to the New H
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in municipalities in the Andean, Ca
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were maintained. The teams of profe
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12. Lessons Learned Because the res
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Bibliography Alcaldía Mayor de Bog
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worst threat, followed by tropical
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In its prevention activities, CONRE
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4.3 Disaster Risk Management Model
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This integrated and culturally sens
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4. Consequences of Tropical Storm S
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To that end, the Santiago Atitlán
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Table 6.2. Continuation Component C
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tion Commission consisting of the l
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cultura
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■
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Bibliography INSIVUMEH (Instituto N
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emarkable growth is not accompanied
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synergies created to overcome one o
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and status: They went from being in
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eligious beliefs - converged to cre
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Glossary * Acceptable risk The leve
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Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, subs
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About the Authors and Contributors
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Preventive Resettlement of Populati
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Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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