KYRGYZSTAN TODAY Policy briefs on - Department of Geography

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Political parties in Russia are the only more or less strong institutions. Nevertheless, there is now a trend toward cooperation between political parties and NGOs in Russia. This suggests that the parties are ready to use the capacity of NGOs, since they do not see them as political rivals. Remarkably, such attempts to involve NGOs are made by the parties that do not enjoy great public support. An example of it is a recent official consolidation of the party “Rodina” (“Motherland”) with the “Motherland” NGO. 7 Ukraine Ukraine has a very interesting experience of cooperation between he NGOs and political parties. Typically, parties cooperate with public organizations to solve their political and technological tasks to demonstrate that these parties have public support [10]. There were incidents when the same person was a member of several NGOs. However, such a tactical alliance may only be a temporary phenomenon, needed by the parties and NGOs of Ukraine only to demonstrate the “massive” character of their influence. Kazakhstan The Constitutional Council of Kazakhstan has adopted two laws on NGOs (“The activities of Branches and Representative Offices of International or Foreign Non-Profit Organizations in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan” and “On Amendments and Additions to Some Legislative Acts of Kazakhstan on Non-Profit Organizations”), which influence the political development of the country [28]. These laws are designed to weaken the positions of NGOs and strengthen governmental control over the financial relationship between local NGOs and international organizations. Under these laws, NGOs are also forbidden to finance political parties and support Kazakh politicians. This special amendment suggests that such activities took place in Kazakhstan (in contrast to the experience of Kyrgyzstan and other countries beside Ukraine). In 2007, the President of Kazakhstan signed a third law, which imposes restrictions on the cooperation of political parties, religious organizations, NGOs and the media with foreign organizations and governments. 8 In general, the laws on NGOs are a part of the broad campaign by Kazakhstan’s government to prevent a local version of the “color revolutions” that happened in other CIS countries. According to Kazakh authorities, a crucial role in the revolutions that occurred in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, was played by NGOs financed from overseas. “As a result, NGOs, together with the political parties, will become an element of Kazakhstan’s decorative “democracy” that only creates an illusion of political pluralism” in Kazakhstan [28]. Thus, we briefly considered several options for the cooperation of NGOs with political parties. Despite the few examples of successful cooperation, there are models suitable for Kyrgyzstani conditions. Moreover, there are already initial positive results of the cooperation between NGOs and parties, such as the adoption of the Law “On the State Social Order” (11/01/2008) and the social movement “For Justice!” 9 7 More detailed information: http://rodina-nps.ru/news/regions/more/?id=675 8 A similar situation with cooperation between political parties and foreign political parties and organizations exists in Kyrgyzstan. According to the Law of KR ‘’On Political Parties’’, parties cannot be supported by foreign organizations. 9 In December 2007, nine opposition parties and ten NGOs of Kyrgyzstan established the first working body – Organizational Committee [21]. 52
Summing up, it should be emphasized that NGOs and political parties are important institutions of civil society, the existence and development of which directly depend on consensus between them. As mentioned above, the purpose of both sides is to improve the living standard of citizens, who are the social base for both NGOs and political parties. The differences in approaches to addressing the important social issues should not influence the decisions; on the contrary, it should enrich the content of those decisions. In the experience of other countries, such as Estonia, consensus is necessary for the development of society, not for the demonstration of one’s influence. It is also important to remember the common purpose of all the institutions of civil society and the state: stability and strong statehood (as one example, Arab countries). It is important to identify common goals (like in Estonia) and not to act as opposing forces but rather as forces that should be consolidated for general improvements (for example, Russia). Recommendations In terms of the current situation, it should be noted that cooperation between political parties and NGOs of Kyrgyzstan must take several steps of testing and spreading throughout the country. In other words, the practices of private cooperation between individual NGOs and parties should first be introduced, and then may gradually spread to the national level. 1. Introduction and Testing of Models of Cooperation • Enhance the internal integrity of both NGOs and political parties. It is necessary to solve internal problems and coordinate their activities (NGOs), to review the development strategy (NGOs and political parties), and develop a feasible program of actions, having identified the social base (political parties). As experience shows, no party in the country has a concrete social base due to its poor understanding and lack of a clear program. It is important to know whom to work with and rely on. Then a party can cooperate with those NGOs that work for the same social group. • Develop a regulatory framework for relations between the parties. This may be an agreement or a contract between a political party and NGOs. Over time, this should become a national document of common and compulsory character. • Develop and realize joint pilot projects, during the implementation of which it would be possible to introduce adjustments into the documents of cooperation. 2. Spread and Enhancement of Cooperation • Initiate the establishment of an Advisory Board and develop, together with political parties and NGOs, a Memorandum of Cooperation. • Discuss and adopt the Memorandum of Cooperation at the level of national coordinating body. • Work out and implement the strategic joint plans for the country’s development. • Ensure joint and mutual monitoring activities. 53
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