KYRGYZSTAN TODAY Policy briefs on - Department of Geography

More documents

Recommendations

Info

of rural migrants to create a new equilibrium, through which impoverished masses gain more access to resources and opportunities and take advantage of the temporary social mobility. The state has yet to shift its paternalistic view of rural migrants as “dependent masses” towards viewing them as an emerging middle class that is engaged in production and consumption markets. The state, thus, would compete against the interests of organised crime for the expansion of the informal sector. Good practices in rural migrant communities as a response to pressing issues that the migrant entrepreneurs faced in their efforts to become self-employed and create jobs for others have taken root. Micro-financing practices have helped keep many households out of poverty, while NGOs have been central in providing capacity building for professionalizing business. The government created laws and regulations that frame some ideas about entrepreneurship, and provide some general rules of engagement during market exchange. Self-help groups of internal migrants now represent the most primary level of association of citizens; they can be the most effective word-of-mouth marketing networks. The growing monetary power and well-rooted credit history in the local community prepare the members of self-help groups to become responsible borrowers and future employment generating units for communities in Bishkek suburbs and in the regions alike. The growing influence of small entrepreneurs represents a force that can demand and achieve changes. At the same time, entrepreneurs may be the very individuals and groups with the strongest stake in societal stability, since their small household investments need stable and growing economy to produce returns. Thus, migrant entrepreneurs, once they identify themselves as a factor of stability, can use their newlyacquired middle class status to drive the economic growth of the country, producing and reproducing some of the most capable, rapidly learning and rapidly gaining wealth individuals and groups. They gain close access to elected officials during election campaigns, and can eventually create elite cliques through which major decisionmaking processes will be conducted. Examples include governmental appointments, resource allocation, resource control, intergovernmental and international business dealings, signings of international bilateral and multilateral agreements. There is hope that, at later stages, these entrepreneurs– given their history and evolution as the new middle class – will be the very people who can hold authorities accountable to the electorate. It seems plausible that, once the key government agencies targeted by this paper are guided by these three principles (professionalization of business practices, encompassing of the Middle Class meaning, and explanations of the benefits of formalising the informal sector), it would be possible to conduct the process of legalisation of informal business in the country. All three principles are concerned to improve trust between the parties involved. Thus, the process of legalising small business will involve giving new meaning to the livelihoods of migrant labour that turn into entrepreneurial activities rendering stability and predictability. The small entrepreneurs, largely represented by the rural migrant labour– if understood and treated as middle classes of the Kyrgyz society – will acquire better opportunities to grow their businesses, add to the economic growth of the nation, and become active participants in the formulation of incremental and sequenced government policies. This will create a good business climate, support export development, and inform poverty-alleviation strategies that are linked to mobilising regional and national resources instead of depending on foreign aid packages. 44
References and Sources 1. Bates R. (2001) Prosperity and Violence, W.W. Norton, New York, London. 2. Bottomore T. (1993) Elites and Society, second edition Routledge, New York. 3. Castells M (1983), The City and Grassroots – A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements, University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, 1983. 4. Castells M. (1998) The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell Publishers. 5. Counterpart Consortium (1999) Consultations with the Poor, Participatory Poverty Assessment in the Kyrgyz Republic, the World Development Report 2000/2001. 6. DialectICON (2008 / 06) Legalisation of Individual Labour and Entrepreneurship Activities in the Suburbs of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Research and Analysis Report, ed. Jeenbaeva J., Jeenbaeva R.I., Imankulova A. (April-June 2008). 7. DialectICON (2006, 11) New Challenges and Opportunities of Self-Organisation Initiatives: The Case of Self-Help Groups of the Public Foundation Erayim, ed. Shamshiev Ch. (September – November 2006). 8. Jeenbaeva J. (2003) The Emergence of the Migrant Class in the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Access to Urban Social Provision, Dissertation, Department of Social <strong>Policy</strong>, The London School of Economics, November 2003. 9. Lipton M. (1976) Why Poor People Stay Poor, Athenaeum Press, Newcastle upon Tyne. 10. Perlman J. (1976) The Myths of Marginality, Berkley: University of California Press. 11. Polanyi K. (1945) The Great Transformation, Beacon Press, Boston. 12. Rashid A. (1994) The Resurgence of Central Asia, Islam or Nationalism, Zed, London Undeclared Work in an Enlarged Union (2007), An Analysis of Undeclared Labour: An in-depth Study of Specific Items. 13. Social Development (2002) Social Development of Kyrgyz Republic 1997–2002, annual publication, Bishkek. 45
Page 1 and 2: Social Research Center American Uni
Page 3 and 4: The Social Research Center (SRC) at
Page 5 and 6: What needs to be studied is whether
Page 7 and 8: policy, but on the politics of loya
Page 9 and 10: them set up with the sole aim of ac
Page 11 and 12: has been made. As democratization i
Page 13 and 14: For a country where the main active
Page 15 and 16: seemingly happen to form regionally
Page 17 and 18: • Support the development of self
Page 19 and 20: synonymous with civil society. Thes
Page 21 and 22: and to the fact that it is popularl
Page 23 and 24: in a politically-advanced society w
Page 25 and 26: Galina Plakhotnikova, Aida Kurbanov
Page 27 and 28: For such individuals, personal sati
Page 29 and 30: to focus on donors’ priorities, w
Page 31 and 32: Sheradil Baktygulov, Independent Ex
Page 33 and 34: By having good knowledge and unders
Page 35 and 36: In this context, the Kyrgyz state v
Page 37 and 38: 6. Produce a training program for g
Page 39 and 40: among decision-makers and in genera
Page 41 and 42: 200. This means that about USD 20 m
Page 43: New Middle Classes Classes are anta
Page 47 and 48: There were attempts to build the pa
Page 49 and 50: Kyrgyzstan, they did not have a cle
Page 51 and 52: impossible. Even though the Moldova
Page 53 and 54: Summing up, it should be emphasized
Page 55 and 56: 24. Romedi Arkvint’s Speech//Kiev
Page 57 and 58: - national programs and projects; -
Page 59 and 60: awareness of implementation of thes
Page 61 and 62: also tried to participate in develo
Page 63 and 64: and its regional programs, to devel
Page 65 and 66: development in both urban and rural
Page 67 and 68: the participants of public hearings
Page 69 and 70: Social Development as the spokesper
Page 71 and 72: Nookatbek Idrisov, Director of the
Page 73 and 74: membership fees, donations, grants)
Page 75 and 76: and (2) the Law on Charity doesn’
Page 77 and 78: 6. To change numbering of items in
Page 79 and 80: its founders, members, participants
Page 81 and 82: and property at its balance-sheet v
Page 83 and 84: Kanykey Jailobaeva, PhD Candidate a
Page 85 and 86: NGOs to involve the government and
Page 87 and 88: over the implementation of its init
Page 89 and 90: His advice on the legislative basis
Page 91 and 92: presence of those major elements of
Page 93 and 94: arises; this problem is now apparen
Page 95 and 96:
not a decision-maker, but rather
Page 97 and 98:
Some believe and argue that Kyrgyz
Page 99 and 100:
Central and Eastern European and Ba
Page 101 and 102:
the vocational-education system sho
Page 103 and 104:
force and its profile, since all th
Page 105 and 106:
is employed in jobs that do not req
Page 107 and 108:
educational institutions elaborate
Page 109 and 110:
naturally expect to return to their
Page 111 and 112:
emittances for granted at the backb
Page 113 and 114:
Global Donor Platform for Rural Dev
Page 115 and 116:
marginalized communities, do not li
Page 117 and 118:
Simplifying the process of getting
Page 119 and 120:
Nurdin Tynaev, Director of the Publ
Page 121 and 122:
Federation”, which requires migra
Page 123 and 124:
Recommendations • Improve the imm
Page 125 and 126:
In Kyrgyzstan, there are the Spirit
Page 127 and 128:
Following are some examples of mode
Page 129 and 130:
Timur Kozukulov, Senior lecturer, r
Page 131 and 132:
2. These problems are also typical
Page 133 and 134:
Shakhnoza Madaeva, Candidate of phi
Page 135 and 136:
women). About 50 percent of student
Page 137 and 138:
3. International institutions and i
Page 139 and 140:
present this image of woman as an i
Page 141 and 142:
you from a single person created of
Page 143 and 144:
standpoint of such an approach, one
Page 145 and 146:
Types and scale of judicial corrupt
Page 147 and 148:
The evidence demonstrates that the
Page 149 and 150:
other indirect features of judicial
Page 151 and 152:
albeit very unlikely. However, many
Page 153 and 154:
Many factors contribute to this cor
Page 155 and 156:
also collapsed, and the academic co
Page 157 and 158:
To university students: 1. To chang
Page 159 and 160:
protectionism, unfair competition,
Page 161 and 162:
authority to levy tax backlogs with
Page 163 and 164:
Kubanychbek Omuraliev, Independent
Page 165 and 166:
On the subject of barriers, it is a
Page 167 and 168:
and other similar is ten times grea
Page 169 and 170:
participation in economic activitie
Page 171 and 172:
• adopt laws that recognize and p
Page 173 and 174:
Emil Nasritdinov. Discrimination of
show all

KYRGYZSTAN TODAY Policy briefs on - Department of Geography

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?