KYRGYZSTAN TODAY Policy briefs on - Department of Geography

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The following measures should be taken to simplify and speed up the customs registration procedure: • develop and introduce a mechanism for notification in advance, i.e. to inform the Customs Service about any consignment imported into Kyrgyzstan prior to its arrival to the border, to reduce the time involved in customs procedures; • introduce the “one window” approach for arranging joint control from authorities in charge of radiating, veterinary, sanitary, phytosanitary and other control to be in one location; • collect customs duties and payments in strict conformity with the WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation, which requires customs values to be designated either in ad valorem terms or as shown on the invoice, rather than on the basis of the minimal prices set by the KR Government. This procedure needs an effective and functional system of information exchange between the Customs Services of countries that are the main trading partners of Kyrgyzstan. In addition, customs officers should be trained. 8. Closing of businesses. Procedures and costs to close businesses in Kyrgyzstan are burdensome. This is confirmed by the data in Table 4, taken from the 2006 study that was part of the Doing Business Project. Similar studies were carried out on an annual basis within the same project of the World Bank. The studies investigate the time and the financial means required by the bankruptcy procedure, and suggest measures to solve gaps in bankruptcy-related laws. Table 4 Indicator Kyrgyzstan Region OECD Period (years) 4.0 3.1 1.7 Costs ( percent of average income per capita) 15 13.4 8.4 Collecting factor (cents per dollar) 14.2 28.3 68.6 9. Incomplete administrative reform. In relation to reorganizing ministries and administrative departments within the KR Government, an essential step in recent years has been carried out by international organizations such as UNDP and TACIS. On the basis of functional analysis approaches, the duties and functions in most ministries were reviewed and recommendations were made to remove superfluous and duplicate functions. However, the absence of monitoring and assessment has prevented comprehensively tracing the implementation of the given recommendations. Most conflicts of interests that lead to corruption remain, especially in regulatory processes. It is also necessary to note that this horizontal functional analysis was casual; it resulted in an irrational distribution of functions between ministries and departments. It also led to the uneven use of human resources between state bodies and within ministries and departments themselves. The functional analysis of local state administrations and local governments was conducted only in pilot regions, and its results have not yet been mehodically assessed. No financing mechanism has been identified that would assure the implementation of functions that are delegated to local governments. One of the main goals for government is management reform. The reorientation of state bodies’ and departments’ functional tasks should be from direct inference and 168
participation in economic activities related to market regulation and granting public benefits. It is also necessary to achieve a clear separation of functions between state bodies and local governments, in accordance with legislatively-defined goals and objectives. 10. Corruption. According to the Business Environment and Enterprise Profitability Study (BEEPS) made in 2007, 59 percent of entities consider corruption as a fundamental obstacle to their business activities. This indicator is the highest in the region, and confirms that the situation is changing for the worse in comparison with the BEEPS 2002. Moreover, in accordance with the corruption index ranking of 2008. (produced by the international organization Transparency Internationa), Kyrgyzstan is at 166 th place among 180 countries. Corruption has entered and influenced many areas of activities. Country Georgia Armenia Ukraine Kazakhstan Russia Azerbaijan Tajikistan 2005-2008 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index Country rank CPI score 2005 2006 2007 2008 2005 2006 2007 2008 130 96 107 107 126 137 144 100 94 104 113 127 130 148 79 67 100 109 122 134 156 145 145 147 150 158 161 151 169 2,3 2,9 2,6 2,6 2,4 2,2 2,1 2,8 2,9 2,8 2,6 2,5 2,4 2,2 3,4 3,9 3,0 2,9 2,7 2,5 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,1 2,1 1,9 2,1 2,0 Kyrgyzstan 130 142 157 166 2,3 2,2 2,1 1,8 Total 159 163 179 180 A score on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) of a country or region shows the degree to which businessmen and experts perceive corruption to exist in the country or region. The scores range from ten (squeaky clean) to zero (highly corrupt). 2008 Corruption Perceptions Index. Major data by region: South-East Europe and Central Asia (7 countries of South East Europe and 13 post-Soviet states) Country rank Country rank in the region Country/territory 2008 CPI score Confidence range Surveys used 58 1 Turkey 4,6 4,1–5,1 7 62 2 Croatia 4,4 4,0–4,8 8 67 3 Georgia 3,9 3,2–4,6 7 72 4 FYR Macedonia 3,6 2,9–4,3 6 85 5 Albania 3,4 3,3–3,4 5 85 5 Montenegro 3,4 2,5–4,0 5 85 5 Serbia 3,4 3,0–4,0 6 92 8 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,2 2,9–3,5 7
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Social Research Center American Uni
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The Social Research Center (SRC) at
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What needs to be studied is whether
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policy, but on the politics of loya
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them set up with the sole aim of ac
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has been made. As democratization i
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For a country where the main active
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seemingly happen to form regionally
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• Support the development of self
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synonymous with civil society. Thes
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and to the fact that it is popularl
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in a politically-advanced society w
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Galina Plakhotnikova, Aida Kurbanov
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For such individuals, personal sati
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to focus on donors’ priorities, w
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Sheradil Baktygulov, Independent Ex
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By having good knowledge and unders
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In this context, the Kyrgyz state v
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6. Produce a training program for g
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among decision-makers and in genera
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200. This means that about USD 20 m
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New Middle Classes Classes are anta
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References and Sources 1. Bates R.
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There were attempts to build the pa
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Kyrgyzstan, they did not have a cle
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impossible. Even though the Moldova
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Summing up, it should be emphasized
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24. Romedi Arkvint’s Speech//Kiev
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- national programs and projects; -
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awareness of implementation of thes
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also tried to participate in develo
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and its regional programs, to devel
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development in both urban and rural
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the participants of public hearings
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Social Development as the spokesper
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Nookatbek Idrisov, Director of the
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membership fees, donations, grants)
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and (2) the Law on Charity doesn’
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6. To change numbering of items in
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its founders, members, participants
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and property at its balance-sheet v
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Kanykey Jailobaeva, PhD Candidate a
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NGOs to involve the government and
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over the implementation of its init
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His advice on the legislative basis
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presence of those major elements of
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arises; this problem is now apparen
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not a decision-maker, but rather
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Some believe and argue that Kyrgyz
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Central and Eastern European and Ba
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the vocational-education system sho
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force and its profile, since all th
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is employed in jobs that do not req
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educational institutions elaborate
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naturally expect to return to their
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emittances for granted at the backb
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Global Donor Platform for Rural Dev
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marginalized communities, do not li
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Page 123 and 124: Recommendations • Improve the imm
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Page 127 and 128: Following are some examples of mode
Page 129 and 130: Timur Kozukulov, Senior lecturer, r
Page 131 and 132: 2. These problems are also typical
Page 133 and 134: Shakhnoza Madaeva, Candidate of phi
Page 135 and 136: women). About 50 percent of student
Page 137 and 138: 3. International institutions and i
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Page 151 and 152: albeit very unlikely. However, many
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Page 155 and 156: also collapsed, and the academic co
Page 157 and 158: To university students: 1. To chang
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Page 163 and 164: Kubanychbek Omuraliev, Independent
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Page 167: and other similar is ten times grea
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Page 173 and 174: Emil Nasritdinov. Discrimination of
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