KYRGYZSTAN TODAY Policy briefs on - Department of Geography

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this policy approach is not always applicable, for instance, for the service-delivery NGOs that work with the social needs of various target groups in the community, where coordination of efforts with the state helps optimize social assistance and ensure better outreach, so these NGOs try to advocate a constructive relationship with government agencies. So far, the discussions initiated by the NGO community aimed at defining the relationship between the NGO sector and government authorities have not led to a forged vision of NGOs as actors that have various roles and, therefore, various types of relationship with the state. However, the fact that these discussions take place highlights attempts by NGOs to develop such an understanding. One of the recent developments is that the Law on Public Benefit (Socialnyi Zakaz) has been adopted by the Jogorku Kenesh 7 , setting up the framework for cooperation between state and civil society organizations in the social sphere this demonstrates the readiness of the authorities to build an inter-sectoral partnership with NGOs that specialize in social services. However, time will tell whether this law remains a mere document without practical implications, or if there will be examples of sustainable schemes of cooperation in place. Up to now, no effective forms of cooperation between the state and NGOs have been established besides common participation in round tables and conferences aimed at discussing draft laws or legal reforms, often organized with the support of international organizations. Numerous attempts by donors to promote the idea of social partnership to complement the watchdog approach of NGOs in relations with the state have not yielded any feasible results. It is unlikely that a comprehensive concept of a civil society with its various roles and functions will emerge in the current situation when the authorities are extensively abusing their power and lack a constructive policy agenda vis-а-vis the people. In such circumstances, defining functions and areas of responsibility for civil society is an unfortunate undertaking, given the general reluctance of individuals in power to treat the state and its citizens as interrelated components that constitute one societal framework. Conclusion With the help of the international community, NGOs in Kyrgyzstan have managed to develop and nurture quite a critical public sphere, with citizens able to express their opinions and disagreements with state policies when they become unjust. Nevertheless, the current context shows that NGOs have so far been unable to defend the rights of citizens and liberalize society, and the state system. Democratization is a long-term and complex process that requires serious transformational changes in society and cannot be achieved solely through policies that have been shaped externally. Moreover, substantive political and societal reforms of this kind require the commitment of both the state and citizens to adhere to them. Therefore, it is quite unlikely that a relatively new actor for the local environment, such as civil society organizations like NGOs, will be capable of liberalizing the state in the situation when its societal framework has become fragile, and no agreement on the new state model that will correspond to democratic aspirations 7 V Kyrgyzstane prinyat zakonoproekt “O gosudarstvennom socialnom zakaze, 05-06-08, Nargiza Yuldasheva, Bishkek – IA “24.kg”, http://www.24.kg/parliament/2008/06/05/86689.html , accessed 12 June 2008. According to the principle of public benefit (socialnyi zakaz), state authorities allocate public money to local non-governmental organizations through open competitions to carry out projects aimed at implementing state social policy. 10
has been made. As democratization implies, first of all, democratization of society that should be driven by local actors and institutions to promote and integrate democratic principles in the social traditions of the local community. <strong>Policy</strong> recommendations for NGOs − It is high time for NGOs to assess their projects in the field of democracy. Critical self-reflection will help understand why the implemented projects have not achieved their goals and identify potential scenarios for new activities. − In order to localize, NGOs should become integrated in the local social system and actively engage in local social networks to spread a democratic culture by integrating it into traditional institutes. This will require working with local values and social norms that should always be based on the “language” of the people. − The development of a political society is possible only when citizens are able to associate for non-political reasons in order to achieve common benefits. NGOs should find non-political approaches to promote forms of daily democracy that will help people associate to solve their problems in life. − The types of civic associations and their functions should be diversified. There could be attempts to develop a culture of professional unions that defend the working rights of public workers and employees of private companies. Voluntary unions that provide community services can also be adopted. Organizations aimed at young peoples’ needs and their civic education are also badly needed in order to create human resources for the upcoming generation of civic activists. − NGOs should diversify their approaches to promoting democracy and complement their agenda, which so far is mainly aimed at specialized political and legal issues, by including more general approaches, such as promoting civic culture among the population, especially young people – i.e. knowledge of society, citizenship and how the state functions. This knowledge is vanishing due to the lack of a civic component in the educational system and political agenda. − Critical assessment of the results of democratization policies is becoming a substantial part of the current discourse and research by scholars and practitioners worldwide. NGO representatives in Kyrgyzstan can contribute to this discourse, since they are the recipients and promoters of international standards of democratic society themselves. − NGOs can learn a lot from critical interaction with civil society organizations in other countries on the various functions they fulfill in their communities and types of cooperation they have developed with the population, political parties, public institutions and businesses. 11
Page 1 and 2: Social Research Center American Uni
Page 3 and 4: The Social Research Center (SRC) at
Page 5 and 6: What needs to be studied is whether
Page 7 and 8: policy, but on the politics of loya
Page 9: them set up with the sole aim of ac
Page 13 and 14: For a country where the main active
Page 15 and 16: seemingly happen to form regionally
Page 17 and 18: • Support the development of self
Page 19 and 20: synonymous with civil society. Thes
Page 21 and 22: and to the fact that it is popularl
Page 23 and 24: in a politically-advanced society w
Page 25 and 26: Galina Plakhotnikova, Aida Kurbanov
Page 27 and 28: For such individuals, personal sati
Page 29 and 30: to focus on donors’ priorities, w
Page 31 and 32: Sheradil Baktygulov, Independent Ex
Page 33 and 34: By having good knowledge and unders
Page 35 and 36: In this context, the Kyrgyz state v
Page 37 and 38: 6. Produce a training program for g
Page 39 and 40: among decision-makers and in genera
Page 41 and 42: 200. This means that about USD 20 m
Page 43 and 44: New Middle Classes Classes are anta
Page 45 and 46: References and Sources 1. Bates R.
Page 47 and 48: There were attempts to build the pa
Page 49 and 50: Kyrgyzstan, they did not have a cle
Page 51 and 52: impossible. Even though the Moldova
Page 53 and 54: Summing up, it should be emphasized
Page 55 and 56: 24. Romedi Arkvint’s Speech//Kiev
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also tried to participate in develo
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and its regional programs, to devel
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development in both urban and rural
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the participants of public hearings
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Social Development as the spokesper
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Nookatbek Idrisov, Director of the
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membership fees, donations, grants)
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and (2) the Law on Charity doesn’
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6. To change numbering of items in
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its founders, members, participants
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and property at its balance-sheet v
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Kanykey Jailobaeva, PhD Candidate a
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NGOs to involve the government and
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over the implementation of its init
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His advice on the legislative basis
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presence of those major elements of
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arises; this problem is now apparen
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not a decision-maker, but rather
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Some believe and argue that Kyrgyz
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Central and Eastern European and Ba
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the vocational-education system sho
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force and its profile, since all th
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is employed in jobs that do not req
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educational institutions elaborate
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naturally expect to return to their
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emittances for granted at the backb
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Global Donor Platform for Rural Dev
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marginalized communities, do not li
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Simplifying the process of getting
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Nurdin Tynaev, Director of the Publ
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Federation”, which requires migra
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Recommendations • Improve the imm
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In Kyrgyzstan, there are the Spirit
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Following are some examples of mode
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Timur Kozukulov, Senior lecturer, r
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2. These problems are also typical
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Shakhnoza Madaeva, Candidate of phi
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women). About 50 percent of student
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3. International institutions and i
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present this image of woman as an i
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you from a single person created of
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standpoint of such an approach, one
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Types and scale of judicial corrupt
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The evidence demonstrates that the
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other indirect features of judicial
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albeit very unlikely. However, many
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Many factors contribute to this cor
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also collapsed, and the academic co
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To university students: 1. To chang
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protectionism, unfair competition,
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authority to levy tax backlogs with
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Kubanychbek Omuraliev, Independent
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On the subject of barriers, it is a
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and other similar is ten times grea
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participation in economic activitie
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• adopt laws that recognize and p
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Emil Nasritdinov. Discrimination of
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