Marine Ecosystems Research Department - jamstec japan agency ...

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JAMSTEC 2002 Annual Report Marine Ecosystems Research Department Fig. 9 Oyster rafts deployed for tests (made up of black buoys and rope) and suspended oyster spats. Personal Research Research on evaluating deep seawater quality Period: FY-FY There are more than ten deep seawater pumping facilities in Japan, and several more are due for completion this fiscal year, while many other local governments are currently examining plans to install these facilities. Similar facilities are also operating overseas, and other countries including South Korea are looking into their establishment. One feature of deep seawater is its purity, and this makes it extremely useful as raw material in food and drinking water. Today there are many products using deep seawater on the market. In this light, deep seawater is becoming increasing important from the perspective of safety and reliability in relation to environmental and dietary issues, but we do not have a clear understanding about these aspects of deep seawater. In this research we study deep seawater brought up from the pumping facilities, and examine methods of evaluating this water for harmful microbes and endocrine disrupters (environmental hormones) to ensure its safe utilization. This is the final year of the project, so our evaluation of harmful microbes and endocrine disrupters is based on our work over the past two years. Until last fiscal year our survey sites were limited to Japan, but this year our survey also included South Korea. Figure shows the survey sites and depth of the water collected. Regarding harmful microbes, we measured the total count and plate count, and analyzed the genetic makeup of pathogens from human-caused contamination. From this, we confirmed the cleanliness of deep seawater relative to surface water. As for endocrine disrupters, we analyzed our research results up to last fiscal year for dioxins, which are viewed as legally important, and highly toxic human-caused pollutants. From this, we confirmed that the level of dioxins in deep seawater is less than / of the standard value (environmental standard, and water quality standard for drinking water). As mentioned before, deep seawater is often used as a raw material for drinking water and food, and the safety of deep seawater at the surveyed facilities was confirmed by our research. Studies on the transport process of eggs and larvae in coral reef regions Period: FY-FY In recent years coral communities (species) in coral reef regions have tended to shift northward with high seawater temperatures, and the Kuroshio Current Kume Island, Okinawa Okinawa Deep Seawater Research Institute (15m, 612m) Offshore Goseong, Gangwon, South Korea Collected by ship Kumaishi, Hokkaido Deep seawater pumping facility (5m, 330m) Namerikawa, Toyama Toyama Fisheries Experimental Station (17m, 321m) Muroto, Kochi Kochi Deep Seawater Research Institute (17m, 320-344m) Yaizu, Shizuoka Shizuoka Fisheries Experimental Station (26m, 397m, 687m) Fig.10 Survey sites and depth of deep seawater collected. 54
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Marine Ecosystems Research Department appears to be an important environmental factor in this phenomenon. However, it is not clear how coral eggs and larvae are transported from coral reef regions such as Sekisei Lagoon to offshore, nor is it clear how coral eggs and larvae released in offshore areas make their way to other coral reef regions. Water flow in coral reef regions is an important environmental factor affecting the growth, distribution and structure of various coral populations. The northeastward flowing Kuroshio Current passes off Japan's coral reef region and Kuroshio path variation influences water exchange and the transport of coral eggs and larvae. In this study, we are classifying the long-term Kuroshio path variations and examining the correlation between the distribution of coral populations in coral reefs and seawater exchange using satellite images, water temperature distribution and oceanographic data collected in the seas near Okinawa (from Iriomote Island to the main island of Okinawa) over the past years. We are also observing short-term path variations using current meters in the coral reef region (Sekisei Lagoon) to shed light on the process of coral egg and larvae transportation and examine its correlation with these path variations. In fiscal we continued collecting information on the state of fishing grounds for the past years and preparing databases (for the past ten years) on water temperature, sea level, and meteorological conditions from Yaeyama Islands to Okinawa Island (Fig.). We also measured the distance of the Kuroshio Current from the shore of Sekisei Lagoon, Miyakojima Island, and Okinawa Island over an extended period to examine the Kuroshio path from Yaeyama Islands to Okinawa Island (Fig.). Along with the project research, we sur- 19980505 35 20000620 35 30 30 25 25 Fig.11 Preparing the database on long-term variations in sea surface temperature from Yaeyama Islands to Okinawa. Distance of kuroshio (km) Temperature (˚C) 200 180 J 160 140 120 100 80 32 30 J J J J J J 28 11 26 1 1 24 1 J J 1 J 22 J 20 18 16 H J J 11 1 J J JJ J J 1 1 1 J 1 1 11 H J J 11 J J J J 1 11 1 J J J J 1 SST J 100m H 200m 1 1 J J 1 1 1 1 J J J J J J J J 1 1 1 1 11 J 1 J 1 H H 14 JFMAMJJ ASONDJ FMAMJJ ASONDJ FMAMJJASOND 1997 1998 1999 Months Fig.12 Kuroshio path variations from Ishigaki Island and variations in sea surface temperature from Yaeyama Islands to Okinawa. N Distance from shore Hateruma Iriomote Kuroshio path Kuroshio path 500m ? ? ? 200m Distance from shore ? ? Ishigaki 200m Kuroshio countercurrent 500m 55
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