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Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Ocean Observation and Research Department variety of biological and physical properties. We conducted the vicarious calibration of GLI to measure chlorophyll a, primary productivity and colored dissolved organic matter on board the R/V KAIYO in March (KY-) in the East China Sea in cooperation with NASDA. Fig.20 Volume transport of the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent across 142E between 118m and 502m depths. Daily average data and 120 days low-pass filter data are shown. Study on estimation of CO 2 flux in the North Pacific The purpose of this study is to estimate CO flux in the North Pacific by an inter-comparison of CO data between JAMSTEC and Meteorological Research Institute. In doing so, influences of climate variations and changes on the CO flux are considered; these have been ignored in previous studies. It was observed that the eastern Bering Sea shelf became a strong source for atmospheric CO . The same condition has been observed since , suggesting changes in the ecosystem in the area. Vicarious calibration study of the ocean color sensor GLI in the East China Sea Ocean color sensor GLI on-board ADEOS-II was launched in by National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). GLI observes the reflected solar radiation from the earth's surface to estimate a Study on oceanic radiocarbon in the western North Pacific and adjacent seas The purpose of this study is to evaluate water circulation in the North Pacific and adjacent seas such as the Japan Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, and the Bering Sea with oceanic C and I as chemical tracers. In FY, we carried out preparation of seawater samples for C and I measurements. Some samples have been measured at the Tandem Accelerator Mass Spectrometer at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. 4. Commissioned Research Study on the application of the ocean color satellite for the global mapping of primary productivity Our objective in this study is to obtain the dataset related to phytoplankton, such as chlorophyll a, primary productivity, optical property, satellite ocean color data, etc. by shipboard observation. These datasets are used to improve the primary productivity model constructed from the ocean color satellite data. We carried out shipboard observations in phase with satellite operation in the equatorial Pacific and the East China Sea. 47
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Research Activities Marine Ecosystems Research Department Introduction Recent marine biological research has revealed extensive biological populations of great diversity from midwater to ocean bottom layers, and also within the earth's crust beneath the seafloor. These discoveries have altered our whole concept of the global biosphere, and have given rise to the need to tackle the following issues: Reconstruction of the marine ecosystem model into a dynamic model of material circulation with interaction between photosynthetic ecosystems in shallow sea areas and chemosynthetic ecosystems primarily on the deep seafloor. Elucidation of marine biological evolution and the interaction between the environment and organisms. The Marine Ecosystems Research Department will therefore finalize research on "clarifying the mechanism of changes in marine ecosystems" in fiscal , and restructure this to the project of "Study for Understanding of Function and Structure of the Marine Ecosystems in the Earth System" in fiscal . Viewing the earth as a system and understanding its dynamic changes within the global ecosystem network is vital to the overall research direction of JAMSTEC. The following are the key focus points of our research. Clarifying the mechanism governing diversity through marine organisms (research into diversity). Clarifying the biological functions relating to biological production and material circulation in marine ecosystems (research into ecosystems). We will link these to OD/IODP, which will start in , and establish methodologies and research structures for analyzing crustal biospheres in plate boundary and hydrothermal vent zones, their biological interaction with marine ecosystems, and material circulation. Through this, we will determine the structure of ecosystems extending from the crust to the ocean, and their role in the global system. Regarding biological production and material circulation in the surface layers, we are looking to undertake cooperative research with institutions whose research focus is in this area (fishery research laboratories, universities, and the Ocean Observation and Research Department). Research Project Category 1 Research and Development of Coral Reef Recovery Techniques Period: FY- Coral reefs are rich in their diversity of marine organisms and are unique in that while they have extremely high levels of bioproductivity, they are oligotrophic. What supports this high bioproductivity is the symbiotic system formed by symbiotic microalgae typified by the zooxanthella, and the coral and other invertebrates. In recent years there have been frequent reports of a collapse in this symbiotic system as seen in widespread coral bleaching in coral reefs throughout the world, and one of the causes of this is said to be environmental change such as global warming and an increase in ultraviolet radiation. In this sense, coral reefs can be seen as a barometer of global environmental change. Extensive field surveys have been carried out on the connection between the environment and bleaching of symbiotic systems such as coral and giant clams (Tridacnidae) that underpin coral reefs, but details about the mechanisms by which symbiotic systems collapse, such as bleaching, have thus far remained elusive. The reason for this is that the interaction mechanism between the host and the microalgae symbionts is not fully understood. For example, microalgae secrete more than % of their photosynthetic product into the host, but the signal (host factor) of this is as yet not clear. To understand this collapse in the symbiotic system, we have to shed light on the symbiotic mechanism that sustains coral reefs, and this in turn will help us to understand the mechanism of chloroplast acquisition in the process of biological evolution. 49
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