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Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Ocean Observation and Research Department In , we carried out an inverse calculation of the flow field based on WHP data along P, A and I+I or I (Fig.-, -, -). Ekman fluxes were estimated based on NCEP re-analyzed wind, and they were added to results of the inversion to estimate the long-term variability of AOS. Also, facilities for the analysis of the outcomes from Beagle were prepared. (18-1) Flow Field (cm/s) inversion case 2 [ P06 ] 0 500 1000 Study on measurement of chlorofluorocarbons and its application in oceanography Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are useful tracers for understanding water circulation in surface and subsurface layers, where influences of global warming are expected to appear distinctly. We continued to examine analytical methods for high quality and simultaneous measurement of CFC-, CFC-, CFC-, and CCl . Our new sample preparation and analysis system were tested during MR-K, and the procedure of CFCs analysis was modified. 1500 Depth (m) (18-2) Depth (m) (18-3) Depth (m) 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 150E 160E 170E 180 170W 160W 150W 140W 130W 120W 110W 100W 90W 80W 70W 60W Longitude -5 0 5 Flow Field (cm/s) inversion case 2 [ A10 ] 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 50W 45W 40W 35W 30W 25W 20W 15W 10W 5W 0 5E 10E 15E 20E Longitude 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 -5 0 5 Flow Field (cm/s) inversion case 2 [ I04, I03 ] Research on paths of ENSO signals from mid-latitude to tropical region in the Pacific Ocean For the mechanism of ENSO cycle, which drastically influences climate changes in the world, signals propagating from mid-latitude ocean to the western tropical Pacific may play an indispensable role. But the paths of the signals are unclear because a complex current system exists in this region. Our purpose of this research is to clarify the paths of ENSO signals and their characteristics around the paths. To clarify this issue, we investigated ocean currents and variations around the western Pacific using data of high resolution OGCM (Ocean General Circulation Model), the TRITON buoys and Argo floats. In FY , we carried out analyses of the OGCM data and the XCTD observations in the western tropical Pacific. 20N 10N 5000 5500 6000 30E 40E 50E 60E 70E 80E 90E 100E 110E 120E Longitude EQ -5 0 5 Fig.18-1 Current cross-section as results from the Inverse Method (WOCE P06) Fig.18-2 Current cross-section as results from the Inverse Method (WOCE A10) Fig.18-3 Current cross-section as results from the Inverse Method (WOCE IO4, IO3) 10S 20S 120E 160E 160W 120W 80W Fig.19 Standard deviation for monthly mean temperature field averaging upper 300m from 1982 to 1999 in the OGCM. To remove short time scale variations, running mean in 13 months is performed. Area with color means large standard deviation region (> 0.04 degC). 45
JAMSTEC 2002 Annual Report Ocean Observation and Research Department Strong variations of temperature are seen in both the northern and southern parts of the western tropical Pacific (northern part: N to N, southern part: S to S) in the OGCM data (Fig.). These areas are the boundary between the mid-latitude and tropical regions. This indicates the existence of the paths from the mid-latitude Pacific. Also, we deployed sufficient XCTD in the western tropical Pacific to analyze hydrographic structures in the ENSO period. Study for the better estimation of the rainfall amount over the tropical ocean The fresh water flux is the one of the most important factors to understand the behavior of the tropical western Pacific "warm water pool". We started this study from this year to investigate the more accurate estimation of the rainfall amount by combining different raingauges: buoy-installed raingauges providing directmeasured continuous data, shipborne radar including information about the behavior of precipitating systems, and satellite-borne sensors covering a wide area. We started this study by obtaining observational data. We deployed seven optional capacitance raingauges on the TRITON buoys in addition to the operational optical raingauges to ensure the data were measured on the buoys. Observation of these two sensors was also carried out on land for intercomparison. From the satellite sensor, the TRMM/PR dataset was collected and processed for further analyses. Using these data with the shipborne radar data, intercomparison is done for the case of the convectively active period of Mirai MR-K cruise. 3. Cooperative Research Study on sensitive and precise analysis of radionuclides in oceanic samples The purpose of this study is to develop preparation methods for sensitive and precise analysis of radionuclides in organic matter of sea floor sediments by accelerator mass spectrometry. We have developed the preparation system, and with the system, radiocarbon in organic matter in a small volume of sediment sample was measured. This result gave new information about sedimentation in the coastal sea. Study of intermediate and deep ocean circulation structure and its variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean Ocean circulation in the intermediate water layer and deep layer driven by the subduction in the higher latitude plays an important role in long term climate variations through the global transport of heat and material. The aims of this cooperative study with the Ocean Research Institute (ORI), University of Tokyo, are () to reveal deep water circulation passes north of Samoan Passage, and () to reveal behavior of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) off the northern coast of New Guinea. The deep water circulation passes north of Samoan Passage were studied with subsurface current meter mooring array from February -February maintained by ORI in the Melanesian Basin and the Wake Island Passage, and the results have already been published. Behavior of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) off the northern coast of New Guinea was investigated mainly by JAMSTEC as below. We found seasonal water variation in the AAIW core of m- m depth layer in that the water indicated lower temperature and lower salinity in boreal summer season compared to the winter season. Westward current velocities (equator-ward) at m and m depths are also large during boreal summer. Thus the water originated in the AAIW is more advected during the summer season than the winter season by the enhanced New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC). We also revealed variations of volume transport of the NGCUC and the results are consistent with seasonal water variation, i.e. the time series of volume transport estimated by combining the data from moored ADCP data (covering time) and shipboard ADCP (covering space) indicates the seasonal variation of Sv, although it has larger intraseasonal variation (in - day band) of Sv (Fig.). 46
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