Marine Ecosystems Research Department - jamstec japan agency ...

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Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Research Activities Ocean Observation and Research Department Overview Our research programs focus on ocean observations in support of understanding the ocean's role in global climate change. We conduct observational cruises mainly by R/V Mirai in the following areas: western Pacific, eastern Indian Ocean, north Pacific and Arctic Ocean. We also deploy moorings and floating buoys to monitor oceanic and atmospheric conditions in these oceans. To enhance our research program we complement our research efforts through cooperative institutes. We carried out four projects, five personal researches, five cooperative researches and one commissioned research in FY . Results of these research projects are described below. 1. Project Theme 1: Tropical Ocean Climate Study (TOCS) The tropical ocean is a region which receives high heat energy; therefore a large amount of warm water is created in that region. Since the redistribution of heat by this warm water governs the major part of climate change, investigation of oceanic and atmospheric variation in the tropical ocean is important for understanding global climate change. Actually, western tropical Pacific and eastern tropical Indian Ocean are recognized as important regions for the global climate; the former for ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation), the latter for Asian monsoon and dipole mode phenomenon. It is considered that climate in East Asia including Japan is affected by these phenomena. Therefore investigating the tropical ocean also helps us to understand Japan's climate. The objective of this project is to reveal the oceanic and atmospheric variability concerning accumulation and dissipation of warm water in the tropical ocean. For that purpose we are carrying out observational cruise, TRITON (TRIangle Trans-Ocean buoy Network) mooring, and numerical simulation. () Tropical Ocean Climate Study In this fiscal year, we conducted four observational cruises using R/Vs Mirai and Kaiyo collaborating with NOAA/PMEL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USA), BPPT (Badan Pengkajian Dan Penerapan Teknologi, Indonesia), and NIO (National Institute of Oceanography, India). As summarized in Table , we deployed and recovered TRITON buoys and ADCP buoys, and took rainfall measurements in these cruises. In this report, we summarize the cruises of KY- and MR-K. Table 1 Summary of cruises conducted under the TOCS project FY2002. Cruise I.D. Duration Ship Ports of call Major work MR02-K04 2002. 6.25 - 2002. 8.22 R/V Mirai Sekinehama-Hachinohe TRITON buoy: 9 buoys deployment -Klang(Malaysia) 7 buoys recovery -Hachinohe-Sekinehama ADCP buoy: 2 buoys deployment 2 buoys recovery MR02-K06 Leg1 2002.11.13 - 2002.12.16 R/V Mirai Sekinehama-Hachinohe Rainfall measurement by Doppler radar -Guam(U.S.A) TRITON buoy: 1 buoy recovery MR02-K06 Leg2 2002.12.17 - 2003. 1.12 R/V Mirai Guam(U.S.A)-Chuuk(F.S.M) TRITON buoy: 8 buoys deployment 7 buoys recovery 1 buoy repair KY02-10 2002. 9.30 - 2002.10.31 R/V Kaiyo Yokosuka-Kavieng(P.N.G) TRITON buoy: 11 buoys repair -Koror(Palau)-Yokosuka ADCP buoy: 4 buoys deployment 5 buoys recovery 33
JAMSTEC 2002 Annual Report Ocean Observation and Research Department During the period of September-October , we conducted the KY- cruise using R/V Kaiyo. The objective of this cruise was the investigation of oceanic conditions and maintenance of ADCP and TRITON buoys. Hydrographic research in the western tropical Pacific showed that a mixed layer shallower than in normal years and high salinity in the uppermost layer. During normal years, there is a deep mixed layer caused by strong trade winds and low salinity caused by active convection in the region. This shift of oceanic condition is a result of El Niño and we succeeded in capturing the typical feature of El Niño. It is necessary to advance investigation about the process of this feature using TRITON data. In order to further understand the air-sea interaction in the warm pool region, stationary observation using the R/V Mirai at N, .E was carried out from November through December . The main objective of the cruise was to study the precipitation mechanism of convective clouds, which plays a key role as a heat engine of the entire globe. According to the cloud images from the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) of the Japan Meteorological Agency, super cloud clusters accompanied by the equatorial intraseasonal oscillation, known as Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), passed over the observational area in the earlier period. However, precipitation systems were not frequently (mm) 70 60 50 40 30 320 325 330 335 340 345 350 355 Fig. 1 Time series observation of the precipitable water vapor obtained from radiosonde sounding data. DAY326 corresponds to 22 November 2002. Dashed lines indicate the stationary observation period. observed from shipboard systems such as the Doppler radar. Figure shows the time series observation of precipitable water vapor. After the passage of the MJO convective region (after DAY), it decreases with time. One interesting feature is that sudden drops in moisture were seen at DAY- and DAY- . By analysis of other data sets including NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, it was shown that dry air intruded into the observational area from the higher latitudes. Since we conduct similar cruises at the same location in different years, we will study these to extract atmospheric features from the viewpoint of the different ENSO phases. () Development and maintenance of the TRITON buoy network JAMSTEC has developed and been maintaining the TRITON surface moored-buoy network for observing oceanic and atmospheric variability in the western tropical Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans in cooperation with interested Japanese and foreign agencies and institutions. The principal scientific objective is to understand variations of ocean circulation and heat/salt transports with emphasis on ENSO, the Asian monsoon, and decadal scale variability that influences climate change in the Pacific and its adjacent seas. In its first phase, the buoy network was established mainly in the western tropical Pacific Ocean, and harmonized with TAO-ATLAS array, which is maintained by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The fundamental functions of TRITON are () basin scale ENSO monitoring, and () measurements of heat, freshwater, and momentum fluxes for improving modeling capability. The scientific goals of the TRITON project address the observational requirements of the international research program Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR), a major component of the World Climate Research Program sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization, the International Council of Scientific 34
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