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Japan Marine Science and Technology Center The Earth Simulator Center Fig. 5 Snapshot of precipitation by Atmospheric Global Simulation Fig. 6 Close-up of Precipitation near Japan 70N 60N 50N 40N 30N 20N 10N EQ 10S 20S 30S 40S 50S 60S 70S 60E 120E 180 120W 60W Fig. 7 A snapshot of sea surface temperature by Oceanic Global 50N 45N 40N 35N 30N 25N 20N 15N 10N 110E 120E 130E 140E 150E 160E 170E 180 170W 160W Fig. 8 Close-up of Kuroshio current 183
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Research Activities Mutsu Research Group Research project; Category 1 1. Time-series observational study in the North Pacific (HiLATS project) (1) Overview The importance of time-series observation has been recognized for the better understanding of the ocean's role in the uptake of the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. However repeatable observation by ordinary research vessels is indeed difficult both economically and physically. Although the time-series sediment trap experiment has been one of the effective approaches for time-series observation, this instrument is usually moored in the deep sea and does not always give us the information about seasonal and interannual variability in biogeochemistry in the upper ocean. In order to clarify the "biological pump" more precisely, time-series observation in the shallow and intermediate water is essential using autonomous observation instruments. Under this situation, the North Pacific Time-Series Observational Study (HiLATS project) initiated in as a research programs at Mutsu Institute for Oceanography (MIO) of JAMSTEC. This is also a joint program with the Joint Pacific Research Center (JPAC) of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). (2) Outline of research activity Fiscal years / and / were devoted to the preparation of time-series instruments such as automated incubation chamber, automated oceanographic sampler and CTD profiler. In , the first set of moorings were deployed in the northwestern North Pacific. In / fiscal year, the first mooring systems and data set were recovered. (3) 2002/2003 annual report (HiLATS) In the R/V MIRAI MR-K cruise conducted from October to November , time-series mooring systems (two moorings for biogeochemistry: BGC mooring, one for physical oceanography: PO mooring; Fig. ) deployed at stations K and K (Fig. ) in September were successfully recovered. In this cruise, a pair of BGC mooring and PO mooring was also deployed at stations K, K and K. In order to study material cycle in the mesopelagic layer or "twilight zone", ten sediment traps were installed on K BGC mooring (MEX mooring; Fig. ). These mooring systems will be recovered in September using R/V KAIREI. Fig. shows seasonal variability in concentrations of nutrients (silicate and nitrate/nitrite) at a depth of around m observed using the automated water sam- 55˚N 50˚N K1 45˚N K2 40˚N K3 35˚N SeaWiFS Chl-a map (May 2002) (Courtesy of Dr. Sasaoka of NASDA) 30˚N 140˚E 145˚E 150˚E 155˚E 160˚E 165˚E 170˚E Fig. 1 Time-series stationsK1: 51N165E, K2: 47N160E, K3: 39N160E 185
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