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Japan Marine Science and Technology Center OD21 Program Department decline under surface conditions, so it is crucial that we maintain and control the environmental conditions that will enable these unique microorganisms to survive. Scientific drilling under the OD program will target microorganisms inhabiting environments far more extreme than the conditions that can be maintained and controlled by the deep-sea microorganism collection and cultivation systems currently operated by JAM- STEC, so this research aims at developing an experimental system that can collect samples, then recover, extract and cultivate live subsurface microorganisms without contamination from other microorganisms. In fiscal we used an actual drilling machine to carry out evaluation trials on the bacteriostatic core barrel prototype produced in fiscal (Fig. ). We drilled through rock blocks set every meter to quantify contamination within the rock sample. The results were satisfactory, and confirmed that contamination will be greatly reduced when the sample is combined with highly viscous liquid with the appropriate properties (we used absorbent high polymer gel in this trial). For research on cultivating microorganisms, we designed and produced a prototype piston cultivating tank envisioning the injection of a gas cultivating medium. This device is fitted with a cylinder normally maintained at an even pressure, and when the differential pressure is greater than envisioned, it functions as a pressure tight container. Practical trials are scheduled for fiscal . 2. Activities related to the Deep Earth Exploration Vessel (1) CDEX CDEX (Center for Deep Earth Exploration), established last October as the operator of "CHIKYU" (deep earth exploration vessel) and headed by Dr. Asahiko Taira, has been conducting various preparations for "CHIKYU's" safe and efficient operations; () forming an HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) management system and organizations, () developing drilling plans for the training cruise, based on the site survey data acquired in and , and () building science support systems and structures for core analysis and repository both onboard "CHIKYU" and onshore. CDEX has been cooperating with the JAM- STEC engineering/vessel constructing department and will provide advice on the drilling systems installation and commissioning from an operator's point of view. Fig. 6 Evaluation trial on the bacteriostatic core barrel prototype using a drilling machine (2)Pre-drilling site survey The "CHIKYU" will be able to perform deep/ultra deep drilling under several different conditions, such as through hydrocarbon-bearing and/or complicated geological structural zones, which are impossible to be drilled by the riserless drilling vessel in the present Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), to achieve the scientific goals. To ensure safe and efficient drilling operation in such locations, it is indispensable to carry out the pre-drilling site survey to collect accurate informa- 175
JAMSTEC 2002 Annual Report OD21 Program Department Fig. 7 Image of the Marine Core Research Center at Kochi University tion, such as weather, metocean, sea-floor topography, and underground structure. In particular, the survey determines underground geo-hazards which could become a major obstacle to drilling, and using such information to plan a detailed drilling program ensures the program is implemented safely and efficiently. In fiscal , JAMSTEC/CDEX processed and interpreted the seismic data collected in the previous fiscal year, and a further study was conducted to select riser drilling sites during the training cruise of the "CHIKYU". As a result, JAMSTEC/CDEX selected two sites offshore Shimokita Peninsula as the riser drilling sites, and, as a series of site surveys, shallow high resolution seismic surveys were carried out to detect shallow sub-surface hazards up to ,m below the seafloor. The data were then processed. (3) Construction of the "Management System for the Deep Earth Exploration Vessel Operation" "CHIKYU" must operate under severe conditions, such as deep-sea ultra deep drilling, and remote locations for long durations. Even under those operating conditions, JAMSTEC has to perform the efficient drilling and science services with operational safety, pollution prevention and asset preservation. To achieve the mission, it is necessary to construct a "Management System" based on the functions and specifications of "CHIKYU", and that can adapt to on/offshore organizations and structures, including contractors. In fiscal , JAMSTEC, as the IODP riser drilling operator, started developing the "CHIKYU" Operation Management System, and started formulating a basic safety, health and environment policy appropriate to the basis of the system, including the CDEX HSE-MS (HSE-Management System) Manual, and a draft manual for riser drilling procedure. (4) Preparation of the Science Services System In all the science data obtained by the "CHIKYU" onboard is safely, efficiently and effectively analyzed and stored in proper manner. The science services system achieves the above tasks and manages the implementing organizations. "CHIKYU" is under construction, and was fitted with an X-ray CT scanner, a fluorescence X-ray core logger system, etc. as large onboard analysis instruments during fiscal . The prototype of the database software for managing the data produced by research activities onboard was created, and external evaluation was performed. A brand new facility is under construction in Kochi University. This facility includes large core repository space (up to , cores at . m length), and many core analysis facilities that correspond to the on-board laboratory of "CHIKYU". The construction of the building was completed at the end of March, . This center will be operated under the cooperation between JAMSTEC and Kochi University. 3. Activities of the Ocean Drilling in the 21st Century (OD21) for the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) (1) OD21 International Activities for the IODP The Ocean Drilling in the st Century (OD), advocated by JAMSTEC, will advance to the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) under international cooperation and funding. Scheduled to start from October , the IODP is an international scientific program which mainly utilizes two drilling 176
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