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Japan Marine Science and Technology Center OD21 Program Department significantly to advancing earth and life sciences. Construction of CHIKYU began at the end of FY , with the main contract for construction awarded to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. In FY outfitting of equipments on hull parts and interior works at laboratory/accommodation areas were carried out at the Tamano Shipyard of Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., which is in charge of hull construction. In this fiscal year, hull construction was almost completed. Regarding the drilling part of the vessel, equipment for pipe handling and mud circulation, drilling control system and derrick were fabricated. At the beginning of FY , sea trial on the hull part will be carried out. After that, CHIKYU will be shifted to the Nagasaki Shipyard of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., and outfitting of drilling related equipments will be started. Observatory Station Borehole Sensor Vehicle (2) Research and Development on a Borehole Observatory System The borehole is not a mere relic after recovering the core sample from the sea floor, rather it is a scientifically very important window for monitoring the earth's interior. The BENKEI borehole reentry/observatory deployment ROV is a tool to deploy observatories and to conduct various measurements inside boreholes, for the purpose of scientific research. It has been developed over three years since FY . Figure is a photo showing the appearance of BENKEI. The BENKEI system consists of a borehole sensor lowered into a borehole; an observatory station, to Fig. 3 Appearance of BENKEI function as the platform (hereinafter referred to as the "station"); a vehicle to transport, deploy, and recover the station; and a support vessel, the KAIREI, to monitor and control all these instruments. Table shows the principal specifications of the BENKEI system. The primary cable, launching, and recovery system on the KAIREI are used for not only the KAIKO, but also the BENKEI. The maximum operation depth of the BENKEI is , meters. One of the important missions of the BENKEI is the preliminary survey inside boreholes before deploying a long-term borehole observatory. The BENKEI system can measure pressure, temperature, pH and borehole diameter up to a Table 2 Principal specifications Maximum operation depth 6,000m Maximum operation borehole depth 1,000m Vehicle dimension – weight in air (weight in water) Station dimension – weight in air (weight in water) Sensor dimension – weight in air (weight in water) Maximum sensor payload (weight in water) 5m 2.6m 2m 48.0kN31.4kN 2.3m 2.8m 35.3kN24.5kN 205mm 5.1m 1.8kN1.1kN 4.5kN3.3kN 173
JAMSTEC 2002 Annual Report OD21 Program Department depth of , meters below the seafloor. For real-time measurement, the vehicle approaches the re-entry cone with the entire system, then the station is deployed on the re-entry cone at the seafloor, and the sensors are lowered into the borehole. The station and the vehicle are connected by a fine optical fiber cable for real-time communication between the support vessel. In FY , the development of a long term borehole seismic observatory system was started. A newly developed observatory station will be deployed on ODP Hole A (Leg ) in the Indian Ocean. This project is being implemented under international collaboration between Japan (JAMSTEC) and France (IPGP and IFREMER). The system is scheduled to be deployed in FY . Hole A is located at ˚.'S, ˚.'E (Ninety East Ridge Observatory site: NERO site); the water depth is ,m, the basement depth is metes below the seafloor, the casing depth is mbsf, and the total hole depth in mbsf (Figure ). First, the deployment plan, the observation plan, Fig. 5 Configuration of the observatory station for NERO and the required system were investigated. Figure shows the configuration of the observatory station for NERO. In this fiscal year, within the overall system, the winch for the sensor cable, the mating/release device, the sensor cable, and the frame structure and so on, were designed and produced. 16-in casing shoe at 48.8 mbsf Basement at 371.0 mbsf 10 3 /4-in casing shoe at 414.4 mbsf 14 3 /4-in hole to 422.0 mbsf 9 7 /8-in hole to total depth of 493.8 mbsf 7.6 m 71.8 m 43.4 m 79.4 m Fig. 4 ODP HOLE1107A Seafloor at 1648 mbsl (3) Research and Development on Maintenance of Extreme Environments Recent developments in deep-sea research have advanced research into useful microorganisms that inhabit the deep sea, their unique functions and the mechanisms by which they can adapt to their environment. Once scientific drilling into the harsh subsurface conditions beneath the seafloor under the OD program begins, we can expect remarkable progress in research into the distinctive microorganisms inhabiting extreme environments, and also in research into their application in medicine, engineering, and environmental preservation. Microorganisms that inhabit the characteristic environments found in the deep sea or deep within the earth's crust will either die or undergo functional 174
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