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Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change Sea Surface Acoustic Transponder McLANE Flotation Buoy Bumper CTD SBE-37 Current and CTD miter Anderaa RCM-7 CTD SBE-16 McLANE CTD and current profiler Bumper Sea Bottom CTD SBE-37 Anderaa RCM-7 Double Release 8242SX 800 kilo Anchor weight Fig.18 Sensor configuration of NABOS mooring system deployed in FY2002. (II) Multi-Disciplinary Group The Multi-Disciplinary Group mainly aims to clarify the impact of bio-geochemical processes on climate and environmental changes. In FY, seawater and bottom sediment samples were collected taking advantages of the cruises of the R/V Mirai, Hokkaido University's training vessel Oshoromaru and UAF R/V Alpha Helix, and biological and chemical analyses started. Analytical items are concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), nutrient salts, lipid biomarkers and dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen, their stable isotope ratios, and turbidity. The analytical results obtained so far suggest that ammonia-rich subsurface water, iron, organic phosphorus, etc. are involved in the formation of coccoliths, but the identification of the decisive factors will still require further investigation. The intensity of coccolithophere blooming is weakening in time and space. Marine biological activity beneath ice is a unique bio-geochemical process characterizing sea ice zones, and its contribution to global warming is not yet wellknown. Following polar dawn, regular observations of bio-production (abundance of plankton), biomarkers, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) were made at Point Barrow. The measurement of the opto-environmental condition including solar radiation, observation of sea ice composition, meteorological parameters, etc. were also carried out in collaboration with other organizations. Although the amount of chlorophyll, an indicator of bio-productivity potential, dramatically increased by more than times within about one month as observed last year, it was followed by a rapid fall. A slight decrease in sea ice thickness and presence of large-size zooplankton were also observed this year. Since this phenomenon seemed due to feeding pressure from zooplankton and other organisms based on the results, we tried to examine the zooplankton grazing pressure. However, owing to the lack of professional assistance, the zooplankton grazing pressure could not be studied this year. This plan is to be executed in the FY field activity. Throughout the observation period, DMSP was observed at high levels, irrespective of the abundance of chlorophyll. This fact indicates that DMSP that has been generated beneath sea ice is not easily transformed into DMS (Fig.). To continue the observation of carbon exchange 169
JAMSTEC 2002 Annual Report Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change NEP (gC/m2/yr) 0 20 40 60 80 Scale kilometers 50 0 50 Fig.20 NEP (Net Ecosystem Production) map produced by satellite data and ground-based soil respiration in Alaska. Fig.19 Evolution of DMSP beneath ice and in seawater beneath ice at Barrow, Alaska. between land surface and atmosphere after the manmade forest fire and develop the technology to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from satellite data, a cross-Alaska observation was carried out continuing from the previous fiscal year. We first tried to estimate NEP (Net Ecosystem Production) from satellite observations and formulate soil respiration from the above observations. The NEP map is shown in Fig.. Since the coverage of the data is still very limited in both time and space, we plan to complete the data coverage by utilizing the existing models for terrestrial ecosystem material cycle such as Biome-BGC. 170
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