Marine Ecosystems Research Department - jamstec japan agency ...

Japan Marine Science and Technology Center
Frontier Research System for Global Change
than many earlier ones. Nitrous oxide, and ammonia
emission from animal farming of South, Southeast, and
East Asia, in , was estimated at about . Tg
N O_N and . Tg NH _N, respectively, For providing
spatial distributions of these gases, the emissions of
county and district level were allocated into each
.˚grid by means of weighting by high-resolution land
cover data sets.
Fig. 13 Difference in CO monthly mean total column amounts
between Moshiri /Rikubetsu stations (Hokkaido, Japan)
and Zvenigorod station (near Moscow, Russia) (blue) compared
with calculated contributions from forest fire emissions
(red) and incomplete combustion of wood and oil
products (black).
urements at a tropical rural site in Thailand show
strong seasonal cycles with a peak in the late-dry season
(February-March) and a valley in mid-wet season
(June-August). Analysis of air mass trajectories and
ATSR satellite hot spots data verify that the high O
and CO observed in continental SE Asia are caused
mainly by the regional-scale biomass burning. Longrange
transport of regionally polluted continental air
from East Asia also partly contributes to these high O
and CO levels. Meanwhile, the low O and CO in the
wet season are due to the inflow of clean marine air
masses from the Indian Ocean.
Long-term ozonesonde data (-) for tropospheric
ozone from central Europe and East Asia have
been analyzed using the isentropic backward trajectories.
It was shown that photochemically aged boundary layer
ozone reflects the NOx emission trend in each continent.
We collected data of most of the field studies on
methane emission from rice fields available so far in
mainland China. Based on these region-specific emission
factors and statistical data on rice areas of ,
we estimated CH emission from rice fields during the
rice-growing season (from transplanting to harvest) in
Mainland China to be . Tg yr - , with a range of .
to . Tg CH yr - . This estimate is significantly lower
5. Ecosystem Change Research Program
One of the most important research subjects of today
is investigating the influence of climate and environmental
changes such as global warming and desertification
on species distribution and diversities. For this
mission, the objective of the Ecosystem Change
Research Program (ECRP) is to research on evaluation
of the influences of climate and environmental changes
on ecosystems and modeling their mechanisms.
Conversely, the influence of ecosystem changes on climate
and the environment are evaluated and their
mechanisms are modeled. Our program consists of the
following four groups, studying environmental dynamics
and conducting research on modeling dynamics.
a. Ecosystem-Atmospheric Interaction Model Group
b. Ecosystem Architecture Model Group
c. Ecosystem Geographical Distribution Model Group
d. Marine Biological Process Model Group
In FY , we started the detection of ecosystem
change on land and in the ocean by satellite remote
sensing. ECRP also launched research on the integration
of remote sensing with modeling to improve the
model simulation accuracy.
a. Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interaction Model Group
We have been developing a simulation model of carbon
cycle in land ecosystems (Sim-CYCLE). In
FY, we extended to account for the atmospherebiosphere
exchange of stable carbon isotope composition
(δ C). Global simulation showed average fraction-
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