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JAMSTEC 2002 Annual Report Frontier Research System for Global Change flict", "water and food shortage", "unsanitary life conditions due to water pollution", and "danger of flooding". In the Third Forum, discussions were aimed at creating concrete actions to solve the issues as a starting point for the actions. FRSGC introduced our activities in the NASDA booth, located in the exhibition booth of Kyoto International Conference Hall. 5. Awards Many FRSGC participants received awards from various societies and associations. To name a few, Dr. Shang-Ping Xie, a researcher of International Pacific Research Center (IPRC), received the Meteorological Society of Japan (MSJ) Society Award. The Society Award recognizes his contributions to the understanding of ocean-atmosphere interaction that shapes the climate and its variability. Dr. Yasunari, Director of Hydrological Cycle Research Program and Dr. Yamasaki, sub-group leader of the same program, both received MSJ's Fujiwara Award. Dr. Yasunari's recognized achievement was under "promotion of Asian Monsoon research, based on GAME Projects". Dr. Yamasaki's work on "numerical experimental research on typhoons and tropical disturbances" was recognized. In addition, Dr. Akimoto, Director of Atmospheric Composition Research Program received the Haagen-smit Award from the Atmospheric Environment journal, for his article, "Anthropogenic Emissions of SO and NO x in Asia: Emission Inventories." Dr. Dye, group leader of Ecosystem Change Research Program was selected to receive a Takeda Techno-Entrepreneurship Award. His research project is designed to develop an improve satellitebased methodology to account for the solar radiation available for photosynthesis by global vegetation. Research Program 1. Climate Variations Research Program The aim of this program is to enhance process studies on various phenomena in the ocean-atmosphere coupled system on seasonal through interdecadal time scales. Our goal is to contribute to increasing skills of climate prediction through deeper understanding of basic dynamical and thermodynamical processes in our climate system. Current interests are in modeling as well as analyzing the tropical/subtropical oceanatmosphere coupled phenomena including the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the ocean circulation in mid-latitudes, and climate signals in the mid-latitude/subpolar regions. Confirming through our collaboration with EU scientists that the SINTEX-F model can reproduce various climate signals, we are ready to start various prediction experiments on the Earth Simulator (ES). As in , we have also continued our close collaborations with scientists of the Earth Simulator Center (ESC) to develop models for the ES. a. Model Group a-. Climate Variability in the Tropics and Mid-latitudes Our study on IOD has been continued with emphasis upon its influence on the global climate using coupled models and stand-alone atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models (AGCM/OGCM). Under the EU- Japan collaboration, the SINTEX-F. coupled GCM has been installed on the ES and upgraded with implementation of sea-ice processes, explicit free surface and river runoff. Our preliminary analysis of a -year integration of that coupled model reveals its promising skill in reproducing ENSO and IOD events, whose occurrence tends to be independent either of the phase of the ENSO cycle (Fig. ) or of the climatological seasonal variations in the tropical and midlatitude regions. Using a stand-alone FrAM-. model, we also investigated the influences of sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with IOD and ENSO on East Asian climate and the tropical atmospheric circulation. Two pathways have been found through which East Asian countries are affected by IOD; one of them is a teleconnection via the western Pacific and southern China regions, and the other is via the Mediterranean/Sahara region associated with the monsoon-desert mechanism. 118
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center Frontier Research System for Global Change 30N 25N 20N 15N 10N 5N EQ 5S 10S 15S 20S 25S 30S 30N 25N 20N 15N 10N 5N EQ 5S 10S 15S 20S 25S 30S 30N 25N 20N 15N 10N 5N EQ 5S 10S 15S 20S 25S 30S (a) Year 15 0.05 60E 90E 120E 150E 180 150W 120W 90W (b) Year 23 0.05 60E 90E 120E 150E 180 150W 120W 90W (c) Year 40 0.05 60E 90E 120E 150E 180 150W 120W 90W -1.6 -1.4 -1 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 1 Fig. 1 IOD-related anomalies (September-November) in sea-surface temperature (color shade) and wind stress (arrow vector) for three different conditions in the tropical Pacific: (a) El Niño, (b) normal and (c) La Niña. IOD events occur in the tropical Indian Ocean regardless of the condition in the tropical Pacific Ocean a-. Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment (JCOPE) For better understanding of the Kuroshio variability and its predictability, we have developed a high-resolution nested-grid ocean model of the North Pacific (JCOPE model), with a relatively simple assimilation scheme of satellite-measured sea-surface height anomaly data. In this fiscal year, the model performance has been further improved through the inclusion of in-situ subsurface temperature data from Advanced Remote Global Observation (ARGO) floats and ship observations into the assimilation procedure. Our ensemble prediction experiments indicates that the behavior of the Kuroshio path south of Japan is sensitive to the intensity of a small meander associated with a mesoscale eddy off the southeastern coast of the Kyushu Island. a-. Collaboration with the ESC A -year test integration of the OFES (OGCM for the ES) with horizontal grid spacing of . degrees and vertical levels driven by monthly climatological forcing has been completed with efficient computing performance on the ES. We found the model can simulate mesoscale eddy activity realistically with respect to their magnitude and spatial distribution (Fig. ), including variations in the currents and fine frontal structures along the Kuroshio and its extension and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and eddy generation in the Agulhas current. We are also developing another high-resolution OGCM for the ES (PFES), based on the Princeton Ocean Model, under the collaboration with the ESC. Its implementation on the ES and test integration have been completed. 119
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