Diagenetic history of Ordovician and Devonian oil ... - Geology Ontario

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18 DIAGENESIS Diagenetic alterations have been divided into the following three stages: 1) seafloor to shallow burial; 2) syncompactional, including fracturing; and 3) post-fracturing. Products of seafloor to shallow burial diagenesis include hardgrounds, dolomite seams, sparry calcite cements, replacement of bioclasts and silicification. Syncompactional processes include both chemical compaction and fracturing, whereas post-fracturing includes all fracture-related processes such as porosity development, dolomitization and precipitation of porosity occluding cements. Dolomitization and porosity-occluding cements are discussed separately in chapters 3 and 4. Figure 4 depicts the relative order of diagenetic alterations which coincide approximately with the order of description. Comparison of diagenetic alteration before and after fracturing as well as the extent of alteration away from the fractured area requires the examination of core located away from the oil pools and presumably away from the fractures. The OGS-82-2 Harwich 25- IECR core from Kent County was chosen to represent the unaltered limestone. This core is located 15 km from the Dover pool and 30 km from the Renwick pool and is composed of limestone except for the upper two metres of the Trenton Group which is cap dolomite and two 10 cm thick bands of dolomitized grainstone approximately thirty metres below the Trenton-Blue Mountain contact. Examination of this core provides information on: (1) Seafloor to shallow burial diagenetic alterations as these are commonly obscured in dolomitized core located in the fracture zones. (2) The two dolomitized grainstone beds and how they relate to pervasive dolomitization of the upper few metres of the Trenton or dolomitization in the vicinity of fractures.
19 DIAGENETIC ALTERATION EARLY LATE HARDGROUND ——— PHYSICAL COMPACTION —————— SPARRY CALCITE (NONFERROAN) ——— CEMENTS (SLIGHTLY FERROAN) ————— FRACTURING ——— CHEMICAL COMPACTION ——————————————————————— CAP DOLOMITE —————————-——^^^ SYNCOMPACTIONAL FRACTURING POROSITY ENHANCEMENT ———————— MASSIVE DOLOMITIZATION —— SADDLE DOLOMITE HYDROCARBONS ? ? SULPHIDES —————————— FLUORITE 4 BARITE ?- ? ANHYDRITE ————————————————— DEDOLOMITIZATION — SPARRY CALCITE — Figure 4: Relative timing of the major diagenetic alterations in Middle Ordovician carbonates of southwestern Ontario.
Page 1 and 2: THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS
Page 3: Ontario Ministry of Northern Develo
Page 7: ONTARIO GEOSCIENCE RESEARCH GRANT F
Page 11: FRACTURE-RELATED DIAGENESIS OF MIDD
Page 15: CHAPTER 3 VARIOUS TYPES OF DOLOMITE
Page 19: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Mi
Page 23: LIST OF PLATES Plate ^Fades........
Page 27: followed by anhydrite and sparry ca
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER l INTRODUCTION The first Or
Page 33 and 34: Majid, 1987, 1989; Halim-Dihardja a
Page 36 and 37: Approximately 10 mg of each sample
Page 38 and 39: FORMATION UPPER QUEENSTON GEORGIAN
Page 40 and 41: 10 The Black River Group is directl
Page 42 and 43: 12 Ordovician hydrocarbons were der
Page 44 and 45: 14 Ongoing studies of the Middle Or
Page 46 and 47: 16 Brett and Brookfield (1984), Bro
Page 50 and 51: 20 STAGE l SEAFLOOR TO SHALLOW BURI
Page 52 and 53: 22 There is an early set of minute
Page 54 and 55: 24 Chert The chert in the Middle Or
Page 56 and 57: 26 A second less common set of styl
Page 58 and 59: 28 The most obvious evidence for fr
Page 60 and 61: 30 Discussion of Porosity Sanford (
Page 62 and 63: 32 southwestern Ontario is below 2.
Page 64 and 65: CHAPTERS DOLOMITE TYPES DOLOMITE CL
Page 67 and 68: 37 fi 1-12-lli 3-13-111 6-13-111 8-
Page 69 and 70: 39 Characteristics Common to Ordovi
Page 71 and 72: 41 8 18 100 -12 -11 -10 -9 -7 rl.5
Page 73 and 74: 43 dolomite the lithology of the up
Page 75 and 76: 45 brachiopods. In either case the
Page 77 and 78: 47 Dolomitized Grainstone in OGS-82
Page 79 and 80: 49 SADDLE DOLOMITE CEMENT Saddle Do
Page 81 and 82: 51 DISCUSSION OF DOLOMITE GEOCHEMIS
Page 83 and 84: 53 Oxygen Isotopes The oxygen isoto
Page 85 and 86: \flNHVDRITE 55 SULPHIDES SRDDLE DOL
Page 87 and 88: 57 2) The fractures at the top of C
Page 89 and 90: 59 by this sparry calcite and under
Page 91 and 92: 61 3) Saddle dolomite, the most abu
Page 93 and 94: 63 geochemistry and are considered
Page 95 and 96: 65 Hydrothermal in this case refers
Page 97 and 98: 67 below provided an aquifer for mi
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69 TRENTON-BLUE MOUNTAIN CONTACT AN
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71 2) The relatively low 818O value
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73 COMPARISON OF MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN
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75 DEDOLOMITIZATION In southwestern
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77 at a lower temperature than the
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79 calcitized anhydrite in the Midd
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81 poorly developed stylolites with
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83 CONCLUSIONS A thorough examinati
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REFERENCES Al-Hashimi, W.S., and He
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87 Churcher, P.L., 1984. Diagenesis
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89 Giles, M.R., and Marshall, J.M.,
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91 Land, L.S., 1980. The isotopic a
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93 Morrow, D.W., 1982a. Descriptive
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95 Russell, D.J., and Telfoni, P.O.
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97 Trevail, R.A., 1990. Cambro-Ordo
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100 Plate 2: Hardgrounds and Dolomi
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102 Plate 3: Sparry Cements and Che
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104 Plate 4: Stylolite* and Chert a
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106 Plate 5: Syncompactional Fractu
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110 Plate 7: Cap Dolomite and Fract
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112 Plate 8: Dolomtization of Biocl
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--."' : -. .^fe ;: '^4.:.?" . r..2r
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118 Plate 11: Anhydrite a: Cons et
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122 Plate 13: Dedolomite a: Cons et
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\Z.5
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12.T
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KIRK - Kiikfield Formation COBK - C
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APPENDIX 2 DOLOMITE TYPES This is a
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APPENDIX 3 CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOP
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LJTHOLOGY WELL NAME DOLOMfTE B ANO.
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137 The remainder of this appendix
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139 TABLE 5 MICROPROBE DATA FOR DOL
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WELL NAME CONS ET AL 33825 MER 7-14
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.........
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STYLE 5 : CALCAREOUS SANDSTONES Int
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APPENDIX A: CORE LOCATIONS.........
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19. Structural cross-section of the
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ABSTRACT Five unique styles of rese
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would l
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6 i4—1 *~i o JZ OD l4~l 8 on ea C
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are tabulated in Appendix A. All oi
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APPALACHIAN y BASIN ' LEGEND ALGONQ
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Michigan Basin. The lower Onondaga
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Detroit River Group The Detroit Riv
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LAKE HURON PORT DOVER LAKE ERIE UPP
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Dundee Formation The Dundee Formati
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Regional Tectonic History The forma
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Salt Dissolution Tectonics The diss
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A number of recent studies concerni
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LAKE HURON AREA OF DETAIL IN FIGURE
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formation of pre-Detroit River pale
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li* If l lil ill J l ri i iii i 5 S
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LITHOFACIES OF THE DUNDEE AND LUCAS
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dull to nonluminescent cores. Catho
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mud matrix (Plate 4d). There are ab
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Peloids comprise 40 to 50*^ of the
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well sorted and often bioclastic ri
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Lucas Formation Gardner (1974) and
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imbrication of the framework attest
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from parallel laminations to planar
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STYLE 1 : MICROPOROUS, FRACTURED LI
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extent regional warping (Cochrane a
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production was not recorded. The fi
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90 PLYMPTON-SARNIA FIELD CONTOUR IN
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2 15 PU CO 03 LU ^I CO •Lv'- UJ o
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situated over a circular-shaped str
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Watford - Kerwood Field Introductio
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WATFORD-KERWOOD FIELD CONTOUR INTER
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similarities suggest that porosity
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o CO o CM CO < lil in CO CO o CM S
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t) o lE (2 S; *^ i-H l•B g .s *s
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STYLE 3 - MICROCRYSTALLINE DOLOSTON
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under the Oil Springs Field (Figure
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core control exists in the field an
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892 893 879 906 cc s. LU 111 Q Z ff
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Oakdale Field is approximately 45 k
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O) TT O CM 01 00 in CM (A CVJ o CO
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lil 11 o •a •a •s o w u lE o
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Field (Lithofacies J) and vary in t
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DIAGENETIC FEATURES OF THE DUNDEE F
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Compaction Features The grain suppo
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following: (1) sharp, planar, inter
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Definition Microporosity has been d
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of burial history and evolving rock
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-5 9fco PDB, Budd, 1989) and the d^
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core analysis) in the intercrystall
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FIGURE 31 Stable carbon and oxygen
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The oxygen isotope data may be inte
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framework to mosaic texture. Relict
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eddish orange rim, an intermediate
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lOLOGICAL IOC1ATION H oo J< c 11 w
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from -4.3 to -8.5 ^ and 313C values
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seawater beneath the supratidal sab
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145 (1988) noted that fossils are c
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funneled and/or deflected the compa
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Dundee Formation but are conspicuou
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(Figure 23) which may have provided
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with dissolution of the Silurian Sa
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calcite. The rounded cores within T
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(1989) discussed a similar two stag
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. ^ g OD g CO g s g p pr C- z O P D
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l i aa Ou iQ P < Q 5 tt E i— i SH
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CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS I
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the microporous matrix. The fractur
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were formed in a shallow subtidal e
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The complex
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(3) dolomitized siliciclastic sand-
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REFERENCES Adams, J.E, and Rhodes,
Page 337 and 338:
Cercone, K.R., 1984, Thermal histor
Page 339 and 340:
Fagerstrom, LA., 1961 b, Age and st
Page 341 and 342:
Hardie, L.A., 1987, Perspectives on
Page 343 and 344:
Legall, F.D., Barnes, C.R. and Macq
Page 345 and 346:
Middleton, K., Coniglio, M. and Fra
Page 347 and 348:
Roliff, W.A., 1949, Salina Guelph f
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Sparling, D.R., 1985, Correlation o
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i PLATES
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Plate 1 l 5 7
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Plate 2 159
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Plate 3 161
Page 359 and 360:
Plate 4 163
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i f- .1. w
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1G7 Plate 6
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Plate 7
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PLATE 9 a) Photomicrograph of silic
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PLATE 10 a) Photomicrograph of the
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PLATE 11 a) Photomicrograph of the
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PLATE 12 a) SJE.M. photomicrograph
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PLATE 13 a) S .E.M. photomicrograph
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PLATE 14 a) S.E.M. photomicrograph
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PLATE 15 a,b) Photomicrographs of d
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APPENDIX A CORE LOCATIONS EAGLE FIE
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RODNEY FIELD (Elgin County. Aldboro
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A3380 Bulk microporous calcite -1.2
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Diagenetic history of Ordovician and Devonian oil ... - Geology Ontario

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