Diagenetic history of Ordovician and Devonian oil ... - Geology Ontario

More documents

Recommendations

Info

14 Ongoing studies of the Middle Ordovician carbonates of southwestern Ontario include one by Cathy McKenna at McMaster University who is examining the strontium isotopes of the various diagenetic alterations and precipitates. lan Colquoun at Brock University is studying the geochemistry of the brines and fracture precipitates in the Hillman Pool. The results of both these studies will assist in clarifying the source of the brines and the relationship between the cap and fracture-related dolomites. At the University of Waterloo fractures and fracture-related dolomite, as well as disseminated dolomite rhombs and saddle dolomite, are being examined in Middle Ordovician outcrops on Manitoulin Island by Coniglio (1989). In outcrop it is possible to examine the extent and pattern of dolomitization with distance from fractures which is not possible when dealing with core.
CHAPTER 2 FACIES AND DIAGENESIS FACIES Black River Group The 200 to 300 m thick Trenton and Black River groups include supratidal through shallow subtidal bioclastic carbonates. The Shadow Lake Formation at the base of the Black River Group is characterized by silty to sandy glauconitic limestone or dolomite. The Gull River Formation consists of monotonous brown or grey and rare black carbonate mudstones, generally bioturbated and containing scattered bioclasts (Plate la). Dispersed bioclasts, possibly originally aragonitic bivalves, and the central portions of burrows are infilled by sparry calcite. In thin section the Gull River carbonate mudstones are revealed to be peloidal. Near the base of the Gull River Formation there are several distinctive beds: a small bed of micrite-coated grains; a bed in which there are empty molds of former gypsum laths; and seams of dolomite. Argillaceous seams and bioclastic packstone or grainstone beds are a minor component and are dispersed throughout, becoming volumetrically more important towards the top of the Black River Group. The depositional environment for the Black River Group exposed in southern Ontario has been described in great detail, whereas the depositional environment for the equivalent subsurface strata is not defined. Lake Simcoe region strata are described by 15
Page 1 and 2: THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS
Page 3: Ontario Ministry of Northern Develo
Page 7: ONTARIO GEOSCIENCE RESEARCH GRANT F
Page 11: FRACTURE-RELATED DIAGENESIS OF MIDD
Page 15: CHAPTER 3 VARIOUS TYPES OF DOLOMITE
Page 19: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Mi
Page 23: LIST OF PLATES Plate ^Fades........
Page 27: followed by anhydrite and sparry ca
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER l INTRODUCTION The first Or
Page 33 and 34: Majid, 1987, 1989; Halim-Dihardja a
Page 36 and 37: Approximately 10 mg of each sample
Page 38 and 39: FORMATION UPPER QUEENSTON GEORGIAN
Page 40 and 41: 10 The Black River Group is directl
Page 42 and 43: 12 Ordovician hydrocarbons were der
Page 46 and 47: 16 Brett and Brookfield (1984), Bro
Page 48 and 49: 18 DIAGENESIS Diagenetic alteration
Page 50 and 51: 20 STAGE l SEAFLOOR TO SHALLOW BURI
Page 52 and 53: 22 There is an early set of minute
Page 54 and 55: 24 Chert The chert in the Middle Or
Page 56 and 57: 26 A second less common set of styl
Page 58 and 59: 28 The most obvious evidence for fr
Page 60 and 61: 30 Discussion of Porosity Sanford (
Page 62 and 63: 32 southwestern Ontario is below 2.
Page 64 and 65: CHAPTERS DOLOMITE TYPES DOLOMITE CL
Page 67 and 68: 37 fi 1-12-lli 3-13-111 6-13-111 8-
Page 69 and 70: 39 Characteristics Common to Ordovi
Page 71 and 72: 41 8 18 100 -12 -11 -10 -9 -7 rl.5
Page 73 and 74: 43 dolomite the lithology of the up
Page 75 and 76: 45 brachiopods. In either case the
Page 77 and 78: 47 Dolomitized Grainstone in OGS-82
Page 79 and 80: 49 SADDLE DOLOMITE CEMENT Saddle Do
Page 81 and 82: 51 DISCUSSION OF DOLOMITE GEOCHEMIS
Page 83 and 84: 53 Oxygen Isotopes The oxygen isoto
Page 85 and 86: \flNHVDRITE 55 SULPHIDES SRDDLE DOL
Page 87 and 88: 57 2) The fractures at the top of C
Page 89 and 90: 59 by this sparry calcite and under
Page 91 and 92: 61 3) Saddle dolomite, the most abu
Page 93 and 94: 63 geochemistry and are considered
Page 95 and 96:
65 Hydrothermal in this case refers
Page 97 and 98:
67 below provided an aquifer for mi
Page 99 and 100:
69 TRENTON-BLUE MOUNTAIN CONTACT AN
Page 101 and 102:
71 2) The relatively low 818O value
Page 103 and 104:
73 COMPARISON OF MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN
Page 105 and 106:
75 DEDOLOMITIZATION In southwestern
Page 107 and 108:
77 at a lower temperature than the
Page 109 and 110:
79 calcitized anhydrite in the Midd
Page 111 and 112:
81 poorly developed stylolites with
Page 113 and 114:
83 CONCLUSIONS A thorough examinati
Page 115 and 116:
REFERENCES Al-Hashimi, W.S., and He
Page 117 and 118:
87 Churcher, P.L., 1984. Diagenesis
Page 119 and 120:
89 Giles, M.R., and Marshall, J.M.,
Page 121 and 122:
91 Land, L.S., 1980. The isotopic a
Page 123 and 124:
93 Morrow, D.W., 1982a. Descriptive
Page 125 and 126:
95 Russell, D.J., and Telfoni, P.O.
Page 127 and 128:
97 Trevail, R.A., 1990. Cambro-Ordo
Page 130 and 131:
100 Plate 2: Hardgrounds and Dolomi
Page 132 and 133:
102 Plate 3: Sparry Cements and Che
Page 134 and 135:
104 Plate 4: Stylolite* and Chert a
Page 136:
106 Plate 5: Syncompactional Fractu
Page 140 and 141:
110 Plate 7: Cap Dolomite and Fract
Page 142:
112 Plate 8: Dolomtization of Biocl
Page 145 and 146:
--."' : -. .^fe ;: '^4.:.?" . r..2r
Page 148:
118 Plate 11: Anhydrite a: Cons et
Page 152:
122 Plate 13: Dedolomite a: Cons et
Page 155 and 156:
\Z.5
Page 157 and 158:
12.T
Page 159 and 160:
KIRK - Kiikfield Formation COBK - C
Page 161 and 162:
APPENDIX 2 DOLOMITE TYPES This is a
Page 163 and 164:
APPENDIX 3 CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOP
Page 165 and 166:
LJTHOLOGY WELL NAME DOLOMfTE B ANO.
Page 167 and 168:
137 The remainder of this appendix
Page 169 and 170:
139 TABLE 5 MICROPROBE DATA FOR DOL
Page 171:
WELL NAME CONS ET AL 33825 MER 7-14
Page 175:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.........
Page 179:
STYLE 5 : CALCAREOUS SANDSTONES Int
Page 183:
APPENDIX A: CORE LOCATIONS.........
Page 187:
19. Structural cross-section of the
Page 191:
ABSTRACT Five unique styles of rese
Page 195:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would l
Page 198 and 199:
6 i4—1 *~i o JZ OD l4~l 8 on ea C
Page 200 and 201:
are tabulated in Appendix A. All oi
Page 202 and 203:
APPALACHIAN y BASIN ' LEGEND ALGONQ
Page 204 and 205:
Michigan Basin. The lower Onondaga
Page 206 and 207:
Detroit River Group The Detroit Riv
Page 208 and 209:
LAKE HURON PORT DOVER LAKE ERIE UPP
Page 210 and 211:
Dundee Formation The Dundee Formati
Page 212 and 213:
Regional Tectonic History The forma
Page 214 and 215:
Salt Dissolution Tectonics The diss
Page 216 and 217:
A number of recent studies concerni
Page 218 and 219:
LAKE HURON AREA OF DETAIL IN FIGURE
Page 220 and 221:
formation of pre-Detroit River pale
Page 222 and 223:
li* If l lil ill J l ri i iii i 5 S
Page 224 and 225:
LITHOFACIES OF THE DUNDEE AND LUCAS
Page 226 and 227:
dull to nonluminescent cores. Catho
Page 228 and 229:
mud matrix (Plate 4d). There are ab
Page 230 and 231:
Peloids comprise 40 to 50*^ of the
Page 232 and 233:
well sorted and often bioclastic ri
Page 234 and 235:
Lucas Formation Gardner (1974) and
Page 236 and 237:
imbrication of the framework attest
Page 238 and 239:
from parallel laminations to planar
Page 240 and 241:
STYLE 1 : MICROPOROUS, FRACTURED LI
Page 242 and 243:
extent regional warping (Cochrane a
Page 245 and 246:
production was not recorded. The fi
Page 247 and 248:
90 PLYMPTON-SARNIA FIELD CONTOUR IN
Page 249 and 250:
2 15 PU CO 03 LU ^I CO •Lv'- UJ o
Page 251 and 252:
situated over a circular-shaped str
Page 253 and 254:
Watford - Kerwood Field Introductio
Page 255 and 256:
WATFORD-KERWOOD FIELD CONTOUR INTER
Page 257 and 258:
similarities suggest that porosity
Page 259 and 260:
o CO o CM CO < lil in CO CO o CM S
Page 261 and 262:
t) o lE (2 S; *^ i-H l•B g .s *s
Page 263 and 264:
STYLE 3 - MICROCRYSTALLINE DOLOSTON
Page 265 and 266:
under the Oil Springs Field (Figure
Page 267 and 268:
core control exists in the field an
Page 269 and 270:
892 893 879 906 cc s. LU 111 Q Z ff
Page 271 and 272:
Oakdale Field is approximately 45 k
Page 273 and 274:
O) TT O CM 01 00 in CM (A CVJ o CO
Page 275 and 276:
lil 11 o •a •a •s o w u lE o
Page 277 and 278:
Field (Lithofacies J) and vary in t
Page 279 and 280:
DIAGENETIC FEATURES OF THE DUNDEE F
Page 281 and 282:
Compaction Features The grain suppo
Page 283 and 284:
following: (1) sharp, planar, inter
Page 285 and 286:
Definition Microporosity has been d
Page 287 and 288:
of burial history and evolving rock
Page 289 and 290:
-5 9fco PDB, Budd, 1989) and the d^
Page 291 and 292:
core analysis) in the intercrystall
Page 293 and 294:
FIGURE 31 Stable carbon and oxygen
Page 295 and 296:
The oxygen isotope data may be inte
Page 297 and 298:
framework to mosaic texture. Relict
Page 299 and 300:
eddish orange rim, an intermediate
Page 301 and 302:
lOLOGICAL IOC1ATION H oo J< c 11 w
Page 303 and 304:
from -4.3 to -8.5 ^ and 313C values
Page 305 and 306:
seawater beneath the supratidal sab
Page 307 and 308:
145 (1988) noted that fossils are c
Page 309 and 310:
funneled and/or deflected the compa
Page 311 and 312:
Dundee Formation but are conspicuou
Page 313 and 314:
(Figure 23) which may have provided
Page 315 and 316:
with dissolution of the Silurian Sa
Page 317 and 318:
calcite. The rounded cores within T
Page 319 and 320:
(1989) discussed a similar two stag
Page 321 and 322:
. ^ g OD g CO g s g p pr C- z O P D
Page 323 and 324:
l i aa Ou iQ P < Q 5 tt E i— i SH
Page 325 and 326:
CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS I
Page 327 and 328:
the microporous matrix. The fractur
Page 329 and 330:
were formed in a shallow subtidal e
Page 331 and 332:
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The complex
Page 333 and 334:
(3) dolomitized siliciclastic sand-
Page 335 and 336:
REFERENCES Adams, J.E, and Rhodes,
Page 337 and 338:
Cercone, K.R., 1984, Thermal histor
Page 339 and 340:
Fagerstrom, LA., 1961 b, Age and st
Page 341 and 342:
Hardie, L.A., 1987, Perspectives on
Page 343 and 344:
Legall, F.D., Barnes, C.R. and Macq
Page 345 and 346:
Middleton, K., Coniglio, M. and Fra
Page 347 and 348:
Roliff, W.A., 1949, Salina Guelph f
Page 349 and 350:
Sparling, D.R., 1985, Correlation o
Page 351 and 352:
i PLATES
Page 353 and 354:
Plate 1 l 5 7
Page 355 and 356:
Plate 2 159
Page 357 and 358:
Plate 3 161
Page 359 and 360:
Plate 4 163
Page 361 and 362:
i f- .1. w
Page 363 and 364:
1G7 Plate 6
Page 365 and 366:
Plate 7
Page 368 and 369:
PLATE 9 a) Photomicrograph of silic
Page 370 and 371:
PLATE 10 a) Photomicrograph of the
Page 372 and 373:
PLATE 11 a) Photomicrograph of the
Page 374 and 375:
PLATE 12 a) SJE.M. photomicrograph
Page 376 and 377:
PLATE 13 a) S .E.M. photomicrograph
Page 378 and 379:
PLATE 14 a) S.E.M. photomicrograph
Page 380 and 381:
PLATE 15 a,b) Photomicrographs of d
Page 382 and 383:
APPENDIX A CORE LOCATIONS EAGLE FIE
Page 384 and 385:
RODNEY FIELD (Elgin County. Aldboro
Page 386 and 387:
A3380 Bulk microporous calcite -1.2
show all

Diagenetic history of Ordovician and Devonian oil ... - Geology Ontario

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?