Diagenetic history of Ordovician and Devonian oil ... - Geology Ontario

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ...... Acknowledgments CHAPTER l INTRODUCTION Introduction...................................^^ Study Area................................................ ........................ .................. .................... ......... ....4 Methodology................................................................................................................ ........4 Geological setting........................................................................................................ .......6 Stratigraphy..................................................................................................................^ Regional Structure................................................................................................ .......10 Reservoir Characteristics....................................................................................... ..........l l Dolomitization (Previous Work)................................................................................. .....13 CHAPTER 2 FACIES AND DIAGENESIS Facies.................................................................................. ..............................................15 Black River Group............................................................................................... ........15 Trenton Group...................................................................................................... .......16 Diagenesis........................................................................................ .................................18 Stage l Seafloor to Shallow Burial.................................................................... ........20 Submarine Exposure Surfaces.................................................................. ............20 Dolomite Seams........................................................................................ ............21 Sparry Calcite Cements........................................................................................21 Chert ...............................^ Interpretation of Stage l Diagenesis............................................................. ......24 Stage 2 Chemical Compaction and Syncompactional Fracturing..................... .......25 Chemical Compaction..................................................................................... .......25 Syncompactional Fracturing.......................................................................... .......26 Stylolite-Breccia Relationships............................................................................27 Discussion of Stylolite-Breccia Relationships ....................................................28 Stage 3 Post-Fracture Porosity Development................................................. .......29 Discussion of Porosity.................................................................................. ........30 Discussion of Fracture Porosity Versus Porous Grainstone as Hydrocarbon Reservoir....................................................................... .......32 m
Page 1 and 2: THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS
Page 3: Ontario Ministry of Northern Develo
Page 7: ONTARIO GEOSCIENCE RESEARCH GRANT F
Page 11: FRACTURE-RELATED DIAGENESIS OF MIDD
Page 17: CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION OF CAP DOLOMIT
Page 21: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Comparison
Page 25: ABSTRACT Oil and gas production in
Page 29: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to ex
Page 32 and 33: "i o O OJO S Vi ea OJO -o cd .2 "o
Page 34: STUDY AREA The study area is locate
Page 37 and 38: equivalent to the Platteville Group
Page 39 and 40: Telford, 1983; Churcher, 1984). The
Page 41 and 42: 11 however the low relief of the Al
Page 43 and 44: 13 DOLOMITIZATION (PREVIOUS WORK) T
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 2 FACIES AND DIAGENESIS FAC
Page 47 and 48: 17 nodules enclosed within mudstone
Page 49 and 50: 19 DIAGENETIC ALTERATION EARLY LATE
Page 51 and 52: 21 Dolomite Seams Rare seams of dol
Page 53 and 54: 23 8 18O -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 4 -
Page 55 and 56: 25 the Trenton and Black River grou
Page 57 and 58: 27 Within the breccia and fractures
Page 59 and 60: 29 STAGE 3 POST-FRACTURE POROSITY D
Page 61 and 62: 31 porosity development it would li
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33 dolomite and anhydrite, but the
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35 LLJ H- 2 3 oQ Q 111 ^—l LLJ GC
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38 (Figure 7). In cross-section A-A
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40 RACTURE SPARRY CALCITE BRIGHT OR
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42 1.5 FeCO3 (mol 0^ 3.5 5.5 7.5 9.
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44 FRACTURE-RELATED REPLACEMENT DOL
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46 This type of dolomite is commonl
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48 content throughout is that of fr
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50 sulphides. Saddle dolomite is al
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52 impossible. If magnesium is impo
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CHAPTER 4 OTHER FRACTURE-RELATED DI
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56 contains a vertical fracture sys
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58 are replacing both the sparry ca
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60 backscatter. This replacement is
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CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION OF CAP DOLOMIT
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64 3) What does the geochemistry re
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66 brine and/or decreasing water-ro
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68 the saddle dolomite regardless o
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70 If complete dolomitization of th
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72 SUMMARY OF DOLOMITIZATION 1) The
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74 -12 -10 8 18O southwestern Ontar
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76 concentrated 5 to 6 times that o
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78 Dolomitization in Middle Ordovic
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CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS S
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82 FUTURE WORK Fluid inclusion data
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84 isotopes indicate that the prese
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86 Brett, C.E., and Brookfield, M.E
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88 DeHaas, R.J., and Jones M.W., 19
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90 Hurley, T.J., 1990. The Pegasus
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92 Machel, H.G., 1987. Saddle dolom
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94 Nunn, J.A., Sleep, N.H., and Moo
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96 Sibley, D.F., 1982. The origin o
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Plate 1: Facies a: OGS 82-2 Chatham
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lot
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103 *3r*i i - W*4fy- O
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105
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108 Plate 6: Dolomite and Porosity
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Ill
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114 Plate 9: Dolomitization of the
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116 Plate 10: Dolomitized grainston
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120 Plate 12: Fracture-Sparry Calci
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124 Plate 14: Calcitized Anhydrite
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126 Plate 15: Fluorite and Barite a
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APPENDIX l SUMMARY OF CORE DATA Thi
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130 fc t l a i "l li II II l E •A
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132 FRACTURE-RELATED DOLOMITE This
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INT SED - internal sediment LMST-li
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APPENDIX 4 MICROPROBE SAMPLES AND D
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WELL NAME OGS82-2 HARWICH 25-IECR O
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140 WELL NAME DEPTH OQS82-2 HARWICH
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STYLES OF RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT IN
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LITHOFACIES OF THE DUNDEE FORMATION
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DOLOMITIZATION Intnxluction........
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE NO. 1.
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE NO. 1. Li
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The diagenetic and sedimentological
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CHAPTER l INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
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METHODS OF STUDY Most of the inform
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CHAPTER 2 GEOLOGICAL SETTING INTROD
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o o Q •u o .2 **-( cd o T3 C cd p
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(Figure 2). The only exception is t
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Lucas Formation The Amherstburg For
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grained, very fossiliferous bioclas
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the Algonquin Arch. Janssens (1970)
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the Trenton-Black River interval an
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LEGEND ^**- SILURIAN SALT ELECTRIC
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associated with the East Greenland
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Ill - -400 LEGEND ^Y// '•ftfi SAL
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CHAPTER 3 GENERAL FACIES DESCRIPTIO
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Ill o •a (A cd o 3 o •S VM o M
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LITHOFACIES OF THE DUNDEE FORMATION
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allochems show minor grain interpen
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F. Stromatoporoid Floatstone Facies
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L Microcrystalline Dolostone The mi
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and highly comminuted bioclastic de
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F. Stromatoporoid Floatstone Facies
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suspension population. He interpret
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CHAPTER 4 STYLES OF RESERVOIR DEVEL
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ROSITYAND AVERAGE KMEABILITY "*" O
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OILFIELDS 1. PLYMPTON-SARNIA 2. PET
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PLYMPTON-SARNIA FIELD CONTOUR INTER
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and horizontal fractures are common
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APPROXIMATE LIMIT OF PETROLIA FIELD
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602 624 625 626 O DATUM TOP DUNDEE
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ḷ 2 4—1 cd c *** .S 00 c ^^ o *
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2 13 D *f i*rf cd CD O LU O LU CO C
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Lithofacies A and Lucas Formation l
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APPROXIMATE LIMIT OF OIL PRODUCTION
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nonferroan, euhedral, medium crysta
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o •s •s g ea l 2 13 S C/5 OD .S
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2 !lJ t/i i 00 3 .c O x-v *J3 Wl S
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APPROXIMATE LIMIT 105 OF OIL PRODUC
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Trapping Mechanism The amount of Si
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APPROXIMATE LIMIT OF OIL PRODUCTION
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Trapping Mechanism The sands are re
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559 383 558 Ul UJ O z O S o SCALE B
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CHAPTERS DIAGENESIS INTRODUCTION Th
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grain-supported and micrite is an i
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sandstone facies and is also locall
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planar contacts and enfacial juncti
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Depending on the textural pathway t
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Mixing Zone Diagenesis Kaldi (1989)
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Microporosity in the Dundee Formati
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FIGURE 30 Conceptual textural trend
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^ 313C which represents a depletion
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with a cool meteoric fluid (15 to 1
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significantly to reservoir developm
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laminated lime mudstones. The dolos
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Petrographically, the crystals are
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centimeters and decimeters of the s
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to explain upward fluid flow induce
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318Q which is consistent with meteo
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148 and elevated fluid inclusion te
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Stable Isotope Interpretation Assum
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the pervasively dolomitized interva
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Dunham, 1988; Warren, 1989). Type l
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The slight enrichment of 0.4 96c an
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ecrystallized in a meteoric-water s
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Lucas Formation Early lithification
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As much as the Dundee and Lucas for
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1. PLYMPTON-SARNIA 2. PETROUA 3. WA
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LAKE HURON OIL FIELDS 1. OIL SPRING
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OILFIELDS 1. GLENCOE. 2. FLORENCE-O
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dolostones. This peritidal, arid en
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isotopes suggest these dolomites pr
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Best, E.W., 1953, Pre-Hamilton Devo
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Doheny, E,J., Droste, J.B. and Shav
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Gardner, W.C., 1974, Middle Devonia
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Janssens, A., 1970, Middle Devonian
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Machel, H.G. and Mountjoy, E.W., 19
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Perkins, R.D., 1989, Origin of micr
Page 348 and 349:
Sass, E. and Katz, AM 1982, The ori
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Zenger, D.H., 1983, Burial dolomitz
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PLATE l a) Outcrop photograph showi
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PLATE 2 a) Photomicrograph of erosi
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PLATE 3 a) Core photograph of the u
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PLATE 4 a) Photomicrograph of packs
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PLATE 5 a) Core photograph of the l
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PLATE 6 a) Photomicrograph of lamin
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PLATE 7 a,b) Photomicrographs of th
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PLATE 8 a) Photomicrograph of dolom
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173 Plate 9
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Plate 10 ITS
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Plate 11 177
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Kj'i3 ••*A* ., Plate 12 011924
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181 Plate 13
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183 Plate 14
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185 Plate 15
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949 CONS, l O.E.C. 33796 6 V 107.0-
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APPENDIX B STABLE ISOTOPES Rodnev F
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CONVERSION FACTORS FOR MEASUREMENTS
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